Romæ antiquæ descriptio a view of the religion, laws, customs, manners, and dispositions of the ancient Romans, and others : comprehended in their most illustrious acts and sayings agreeable to history / written in Latine by ... Quintus Valerius Maximus ; and now carefully rendred into English ; together with the life of the author.
         Factorum et dictorum memorabilium libri IX. English
         Valerius Maximus.
      
       
         
           1678
        
      
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             Romæ antiquæ descriptio a view of the religion, laws, customs, manners, and dispositions of the ancient Romans, and others : comprehended in their most illustrious acts and sayings agreeable to history / written in Latine by ... Quintus Valerius Maximus ; and now carefully rendred into English ; together with the life of the author.
             Factorum et dictorum memorabilium libri IX. English
             Valerius Maximus.
             Speed, Samuel, 1631-1682.
          
           [12], 478 p. : ports.
           
             Printed by J.C. for Samuel Speed ...,
             London :
             1678.
          
           
             Translation of Factorum et dictorum memorabilium Libri IX.
             "An alphabetical table ..." [i.e. index]: prelim. p. [9]-[12].
             Dedication signed: Samuel Speed.
             Reproduction of original in the University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign Campus). Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Valerius Maximus.
           Rome -- Social life and customs.
        
      
    
     
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           ROMAE
           ANTIQUAE
           DESCRIPTIO
           .
        
         
           A
           View
           of
           the
           
             
               RELIGION
               ,
            
             
               LAWS
               ,
            
             
               CUSTOMS
               ,
            
             
               MANNERS
               ,
               and
            
             
               DISPOSITIONS
            
          
           OF
           THE
           ANCIENT
           ROMANS
           ,
           And
           Others
           :
           Comprehended
           in
           their
           most
           Illustrious
           ACTS
           and
           SAYINGS
           Agreeable
           to
           HISTORY
           .
        
         
           Written
           in
           Latine
           by
           that
           famous
           Historian
           QVINTVS
           VALERIVS
           MAXIMVS
           :
           And
           now
           carefully
           rendred
           into
           English.
           Together
           with
           the
           Life
           of
           the
           Author
           .
        
         
           LICENSED
           .
           Roger
           L'Estrange
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           :
           Printed
           by
           
             I.
             C.
          
           for
           
             Samuel
             Speed
          
           ,
           and
           sold
           by
           the
           Booksellers
           of
           London
           and
           Westminster
           .
           1678.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           
        
         
           London
           printed
           for
           Samuel
           Speed
           ,
        
      
       
         
         
         
         
           To
           the
           Right
           Honourable
           HENEAGE
           Lord
           FINCH
           ,
           Baron
           of
           Daventry
           ,
           AND
           Lord
           High
           CHANCELLOR
           of
           England
           .
        
         
           
             May
             it
             please
             your
             Honour
             ,
          
        
         
           HAving
           lately
           experienc'd
           the
           Influences
           of
           your
           Honours
           Favours
           ,
           I
           hold
           my self
           in
           Duty
           bound
           to
           pay
           my
           Acknowledgements
           to
           the
           utmost
           of
           my
           power
           ;
           which
           is
           ,
           in
           this
           Address
           to
           declare
           your
           Piety
           and
           your
           Bounty
           :
           For
           which
           reasons
           I
           had
           been
           guilty
           of
           Injustice
           ,
           had
           I
           sought
           for
           any
           other
           Patron
           ,
           being
           lately
           so
           generously
           remembred
           by
           your
           Honour
           .
           Thus
           I
           endeavour
           to
           shew
           my
           Gratitude
           ,
           though
           the
           highest
           Pinacle
           thereof
           bears
           no
           proportion
           with
           the
           large
           Pillars
           of
           your
           Honours
           High
           Worth
           and
           Dignity
           ;
           well
           observing
           what
           is
           in
           ancient
           Story
           recorded
           of
           Lycurgus
           the
           Lacedemonian
           Law-giver
           ,
           that
           he
           slighted
           the
           making
           a
           Decree
           
           against
           Ingratitude
           ,
           imagining
           no
           man
           could
           be
           so
           sordidly
           wretched
           ,
           as
           to
           be
           guilty
           of
           that
           horrid
           Crime
           .
           Wherefore
           ,
           to
           pay
           my
           Debt
           in
           the
           best
           Coyn
           I
           have
           ,
           I
           humbly
           offer
           this
           to
           your
           Honours
           Patronage
           ,
           it
           being
           a
           Collection
           of
           the
           Acts
           and
           Sayings
           of
           Oratours
           and
           States-men
           ;
           and
           who
           can
           be
           more
           fit
           to
           receive
           them
           than
           the
           far
           excelling
           Tully
           of
           our
           Age
           ?
           Of
           whom
           I
           may
           say
           as
           once
           the
           ancient
           
             Roman
             ,
             Omnium
             somnos
             tua
             vigilantia
             ,
             omnium
             delicias
             tua
             industria
             ,
             omnium
             vacationem
             tua
             occupatio
             .
          
        
         
           May
           it
           please
           your
           Honour
           not
           to
           give
           your
           Lordship
           any
           farther
           trouble
           ;
           your
           Acceptance
           and
           Pardon
           is
           ●umbly
           implor'd
           by
        
         
           
             
               Your
               Honours
               Obedient
               ,
               Devoted
               ,
               and
               Obliged
               Servant
               ,
            
             Samuel
             Speed.
             
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           LIFE
           OF
           VALERIVS
           MAXIMVS
           .
        
         
           
             VAlerius
             Maximus
          
           ,
           a
           Roman
           Citizen
           of
           a
           Patrician
           Family
           ,
           spent
           his
           childhood
           and
           youth
           in
           the
           study
           of
           Learning
           ▪
           Then
           coming
           to
           be
           of
           age
           ,
           he
           betook
           himself
           to
           the
           VVars
           ;
           where
           he
           is
           said
           to
           have
           serv'd
           for
           some
           time
           ,
           and
           to
           have
           sail'd
           with
           
             Sextus
             Pompey
          
           into
           Asia
           .
           VVhence
           returning
           home
           ,
           when
           he
           found
           himself
           able
           to
           profit
           his
           Country
           by
           well
           speaking
           as
           well
           as
           doing
           ,
           from
           which
           the
           love
           of
           Honour
           had
           for
           some
           time
           diverted
           him
           ,
           he
           resolv'd
           to
           put
           forth
           the
           Acts
           and
           Sayings
           ,
           the
           
           most
           remarkable
           ,
           of
           the
           Roman
           City
           ,
           and
           of
           forraign
           Nations
           ;
           which
           he
           very
           luckily
           finish'd
           .
           He
           flourish'd
           in
           the
           Raign
           of
           
             Tiberius
             Caesar
          
           ,
           and
           in
           his
           time
           ,
           whose
           Numen
           he
           invokes
           ,
           he
           wrote
           this
           History
           :
           For
           the
           Roman
           Emperours
           ,
           when
           by
           their
           vertue
           they
           had
           justly
           and
           uprightly
           manag'd
           the
           Empire
           ,
           were
           translated
           into
           the
           number
           of
           the
           Gods
           ,
           and
           were
           call'd
           
             Divi
             Imperatores
          
           .
           He
           deriv'd
           his
           Pedigree
           by
           the
           Fathers
           side
           from
           the
           Valerian
           Family
           ;
           by
           the
           Mothers
           side
           ,
           from
           the
           Fabian
           :
           from
           both
           which
           he
           obtain'd
           the
           name
           of
           
             Valerius
             Maximus
          
           .
           Of
           his
           Death
           there
           is
           nothing
           certain
           reported
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           AN
           ALPHABETICAL
           TABLE
           OF
           THE
           Contents
           of
           the
           Chapters
           .
        
         
           
             A
          
           
             OF
             Abstinence
          
           
             Page
             167
          
           
             Of
             Arts
          
           
             Page
             408
          
           
             Of
             Anger
          
           
             Page
             441
          
        
         
           
             B
          
           
             Of
             Bashfulness
          
           
             Page
             181
          
        
         
           
             C
          
           
             Of
             Constancie
          
           
             Page
             143
          
           
             Of
             Continence
          
           
             Page
             167
          
           
             Of
             Conjugal
             Love
          
           
             Page
             185
          
           
             Of
             Clemencie
          
           
             Page
             203
          
           
             Of
             Courage
             at
             the
             death
             of
             Children
          
           
             Page
             252
          
           
             Of
             Chastity
          
           
             Page
             256
          
           
             Of
             Covetousness
          
           
             Page
             446
          
           
             Of
             Cruelty
          
           
             Page
             434
          
        
         
           
             D
          
           
             Of
             Dreams
          
           
             Page
             30
          
           
             Of
             Degenerated
             Births
          
           
             Page
             129
          
           
             Of
             the
             Desire
             of
             Honour
          
           
             Page
             417
          
           
             Of
             Deaths
             not
             Vulgar
          
           
             Page
             466
          
           
             Of
             Desire
             of
             Life
          
           
             Page
             471
          
        
         
           
             E
          
           
             Of
             the
             Effects
             of
             Arts
          
           
             Page
             408
          
           
             Of
             Eloquence
          
           
             Page
             403
          
           
             
             Ease
             praised
          
           
             Page
             402
          
        
         
           
             F
          
           
             Of
             Frugality
          
           
             Page
             66
          
           
             Of
             Forraign
             Institutions
          
           
             Page
             69
          
           
             Of
             Fertitude
          
           
             Page
             104
          
           
             Of
             Friendship
          
           
             Page
             189
          
           
             Of
             the
             Fidelity
             of
             Servants
          
           
             Page
             291
          
           
             Of
             the
             change
             of
             Fortune
          
           
             Page
             295
          
        
         
           
             G
          
           
             Of
             Gratitude
          
           
             Page
             214
          
        
         
           
             H
          
           
             Of
             Humanity
          
           
             Page
             203
          
           
             Of
             Happiness
          
           
             Page
             304
          
           
             Of
             Honour
          
           
             Page
             417
          
           
             Of
             Hatred
          
           
             Page
             441
          
        
         
           
             I
          
           
             Of
             Innocence
          
           
             Page
             66
          
           
             Of
             Illustrious
             men
          
           
             Page
             131
          
           
             Of
             Ingratitude
          
           
             Page
             221
          
           
             Of
             Iustice
          
           
             Page
             281
          
           
             Of
             publick
             Iudgments
          
           
             Page
             346
          
           
             Of
             private
             Iudgments
          
           
             Page
             354
          
           
             Of
             Industry
          
           
             Page
             36●
          
        
         
           
             L
          
           
             Of
             Luckie
             Signes
          
           
             Page
             16
          
           
             Of
             Liberality
          
           
             Page
             198
          
           
             Of
             Love
             to
             Children
          
           
             Page
             244
          
           
             Of
             Luxury
             and
             Lust
          
           
             Page
             427
          
           
             Of
             Lyers
          
           
             Page
             476
          
        
         
           
             M
          
           
             Of
             Miracles
          
           
             Page
             39
          
           
             Of
             M●trimonial
             Ceremonies
          
           
             Page
             52
          
           
             Of
             Magistrates
          
           
             Page
             56
          
           
             Of
             Military
             Discipline
          
           
             Page
             76
          
           
             Of
             Majesty
          
           
             Page
             95
          
           
             Of
             Mean
             Births
             advanced
          
           
             Page
             125
          
           
             
             Of
             Moderation
          
           
             Page
             152
          
           
             Of
             Modesty
          
           
             Page
             181
          
           
             Of
             Moderation
             to
             suspected
             children
          
           
             Page
             250
          
           
             Of
             the
             change
             of
             Manners
          
           
             Page
             295
          
           
             Of
             Memorable
             old
             Age
          
           
             Page
             413
          
           
             Of
             Motion
             of
             the
             Body
          
           
             Page
             406
          
           
             Of
             Magnificent
             things
          
           
             Page
             421
          
        
         
           
             N
          
           
             Of
             Necessity
          
           
             Page
             334
          
        
         
           
             O
          
           
             Of
             Omens
          
           
             Page
             18
          
           
             Of
             memorable
             Old
             age
          
           
             Page
             4●3
          
        
         
           
             P
          
           
             Of
             Prodigies
          
           
             Page
             22
          
           
             Of
             Patience
          
           
             Page
             120
          
           
             Poverty
             praised
          
           
             Page
             176
          
           
             Of
             Piety
             toward
             their
             Country
          
           
             Page
             238
          
           
             —
             Towards
             Parents
          
           
             Page
             228
          
           
             Of
             Publick
             Faith
          
           
             Page
             287
          
           
             Of
             Publick
             Iudgments
          
           
             Page
             346
          
           
             Of
             Private
             Iudgments
          
           
             Page
             354
          
           
             Of
             Pronunciation
          
           
             Page
             406
          
        
         
           
             R
          
           
             Of
             Religion
          
           
             Page
             3
          
           
             Of
             Feigned
             Religion
          
           
             Page
             14
          
           
             Of
             Forraign
             Religion
          
           
             Page
             15
          
           
             Of
             the
             Right
             of
             Triumphing
          
           
             Page
             86
          
           
             Of
             Reconciliation
          
           
             Page
             164
          
           
             Of
             Repulses
          
           
             Page
             331
          
           
             Of
             Rackings
          
           
             Page
             358
          
           
             On
             Revenge
          
           
             Page
             361
          
        
         
           
             S
          
           
             Of
             Shews
          
           
             Page
             62
          
           
             Of
             the
             Severity
             of
             the
             Censors
          
           
             Page
             90
          
           
             Of
             Self-confidence
          
           
             Page
             133
          
           
             Of
             Severity
             to
             Children
          
           
             Page
             247
          
           
             
             Of
             Severity
          
           
             Page
             269
          
           
             Of
             Stratagems
          
           
             Page
             326
          
           
             Of
             Study
          
           
             Page
             363
          
           
             Of
             Similitude
             of
             Form
          
           
             Page
             474
          
        
         
           
             T
          
           
             Of
             Towardliness
          
           
             Page
             101
          
           
             Of
             Things
             freely
             done
          
           
             Page
             262
          
           
             —
             Gravely
             done
          
           
             Page
             276
          
           
             Of
             the
             Truth
             of
             Wives
          
           
             Page
             290
          
           
             Of
             Things
             wisely
             done
          
           
             Page
             306
          
           
             —
             Craftily
             done
          
           
             Page
             316
          
           
             Of
             Testaments
             confirm'd
          
           
             Page
             342
          
           
             Of
             Testimonies
          
           
             Page
             359
          
        
         
           
             W
          
           
             Of
             Wills
             cancel●'d
          
           
             Page
             338
          
           
             Of
             Women-pleaders
          
           
             Page
             357
          
        
         
           
             Y
          
           
             Of
             Yielding
             to
             Masters
             of
             Art
          
           
             Page
             412
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           Quintus
           Valerius
           Maximus
           OF
           Memorable
           things
           .
        
         
           
             LIB
             .
             I.
             
          
           
             
               The
               PROLOGUE
               TO
               AUGUSTUS
               TIBERIUS
               CAESAR
               .
            
             
               I
               Have
               resolved
               with
               my self
               ,
               to
               collect
               together
               the
               Deeds
               and
               Sayings
               of
               most
               note
               ,
               and
               most
               worthy
               to
               be
               remembred
               ,
               of
               the
               most
               eminent
               persons
               both
               among
               the
               Romans
               and
               other
               Nations
               ,
               taken
               out
               of
               the
               most
               approved
               Authors
               ,
               where
               they
               lie
               scattered
               at
               such
               a
               distance
               ,
               that
               makes
               them
               hard
               to
               be
               known
               ;
               to
               save
               them
               the
               trouble
               of
               a
               tedious
               search
               ,
               who
               are
               willing
               to
               follow
               their
               Examples
               .
               Yet
               I
               have
               not
               been
               over-desirous
               to
               comprehend
               all
               :
               For
               who
               in
               a
               small
               Volume
               is
               able
               to
               set
               down
               the
               Deeds
               of
               
               many
               Ages
               ?
               Or
               what
               wise
               man
               can
               hope
               to
               deliver
               the
               order
               of
               Domestick
               and
               Forraign
               story
               ,
               which
               our
               Predecessors
               have
               done
               in
               such
               happy
               stiles
               ,
               either
               with
               greater
               care
               ,
               or
               more
               abounding
               Eloquence
               ?
               Therefore
               ,
               Caesar
               ,
               thy
               Countries
               onely
               safety
               ,
               thee
               I
               invoke
               in
               the
               beginning
               of
               my
               Vndertaking
               ,
               whom
               the
               consent
               of
               Gods
               and
               men
               hath
               ordain'd
               the
               great
               Commander
               both
               of
               Sea
               and
               Land
               ;
               by
               whose
               Divine
               providence
               those
               Vertues
               ,
               of
               which
               I
               am
               to
               discourse
               ,
               are
               most
               favourably
               cherish'd
               ,
               Vices
               most
               severely
               punish'd
               :
               For
               if
               the
               antient
               Orators
               did
               well
               to
               begin
               from
               the
               Omnipotent
               Jove
               ,
               if
               the
               most
               excellent
               Poets
               did
               always
               call
               some
               particular
               Numen
               to
               assist
               'um
               ;
               much
               the
               rather
               does
               my
               little
               Work
               fly
               to
               your
               protection
               :
               For
               other
               Gods
               we
               adore
               onely
               in
               Opinion
               ,
               you
               we
               behold
               equal
               to
               your
               Fathers
               and
               your
               Grand-fathers
               Stars
               in
               brightness
               ,
               whose
               resplendent
               Lustres
               have
               added
               not
               a
               little
               to
               the
               Ceremonies
               of
               our
               Religion
               .
               Others
               we
               receive
               for
               Gods
               ,
               Caesars
               we
               make
               such
               .
               And
               because
               it
               is
               my
               intention
               to
               begin
               with
               the
               worship
               of
               the
               Gods
               ,
               I
               shall
               discourse
               briefly
               of
               the
               nature
               thereof
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               I.
               Of
               Religion
               .
            
             
               
                 OBSERVED
                 BY
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   The
                   people
                   of
                
                 Rome
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Lucius
                 Metellus
                 ,
                 High-Priest
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 T●tus
                 Gracchus
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   Col●edge
                   of
                   Priests
                
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Q.
                 Fabius
                 
                   Dictator
                   ,
                   and
                
                 C.
                 Flaminius
                 
                   Mr.
                   of
                   the
                   Horse
                
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Pub.
                 Crassus
                 High-priest
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Disciple
                   of
                
                 Aemilia
                 
                   the
                   Veslal
                   Nun.
                
                 
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Marcellus
                 
                   junior
                   ,
                   Consul
                
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 Lucius
                 Furius
                 Bibaculus
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 Lucius
                 Albinius
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 C.
                 Fabius
                 Dorso
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 Q.
                 Petillius
                 Spurinus
                 Praetor
                 .
              
               
                 13.
                 
                 Lucius
                 Tarquinius
                 
                   the
                   King.
                
                 
              
               
                 14.
                 
                 Marcus
                 Attilius
                 Regulus
                 .
              
               
                 15.
                 
                 The
                 Roman
                 Senate
                 ▪
              
            
             
               
                 NEGLECTED
                 BY
              
               
                 16.
                 
                 C.
                 Terence
                 Varro
                 .
              
               
                 17.
                 
                 Appius
                 Caecus
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   the
                   Family
                   of
                
                 Potinius
                 .
              
               
                 18.
                 
                 A
                 Roman
                 
                   Souldier
                   ,
                   and
                
                 Brennus
                 
                   the
                   Gaul
                
                 .
              
               
                 19.
                 
                 P.
                 Turullius
                 Admiral
                 .
              
               
                 20.
                 
                 Q.
                 Fulvius
                 Flaccus
                 Censor
                 .
              
               
                 21.
                 
                 Q.
                 Pleminio
                 
                   Legat
                   for
                   the
                   Pretor
                
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Forraign
                 Examples
                 of
                 Religion
                 observ'd
                 or
                 neglected
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Pyrrhus
                 
                   King
                   of
                
                 Epirus
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Massanisa
                 
                   King
                   of
                
                 Numidia
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Dionysius
                 
                   the
                   Elder
                   of
                
                 Sicilie
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Thymasitheus
                 
                   Prince
                   of
                   the
                
                 Lipa●itans
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Souldiers
                   of
                   King
                
                 Alexander
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Perseus
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Athenians
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Diomedon
                 an
                 Athenian
                 Captain
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 OBSERVED
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 OUr
                 Ancestors
                 appointed
                 that
                 the
                 set
                 and
                 solemn
                 Ceremonies
                 should
                 be
                 ordered
                 by
                 the
                 knowledge
                 
                 of
                 the
                 High-Priests
                 ;
                 the
                 right
                 Administration
                 of
                 these
                 Ceremonies
                 ,
                 and
                 authority
                 for
                 so
                 doing
                 ,
                 the
                 observations
                 of
                 the
                 Augurs
                 ,
                 the
                 Predictions
                 of
                 Apollo
                 ,
                 should
                 depend
                 upon
                 the
                 Books
                 of
                 the
                 Sibyls
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 mysteries
                 of
                 Wonders
                 should
                 be
                 un●olded
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Rules
                 of
                 the
                 Hetrurian
                 Discipline
                 :
                 For
                 by
                 the
                 antient
                 Institutions
                 ,
                 when
                 we
                 were
                 to
                 commend
                 any
                 thing
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 we
                 gave
                 our selves
                 to
                 Prayer
                 ;
                 when
                 any
                 thing
                 was
                 earn●stly
                 to
                 be
                 desired
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 t●en
                 to
                 Vows
                 ;
                 when
                 any
                 thing
                 to
                 be
                 paid
                 ,
                 to
                 Thanksgiving
                 ;
                 when
                 enquiry
                 after
                 future
                 success
                 was
                 ma●e
                 ,
                 to
                 obtain
                 by
                 Request
                 ;
                 when
                 any
                 solemn
                 Sacrifice
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 to
                 sacrifice
                 :
                 By
                 which
                 means
                 the
                 significations
                 of
                 Wonders
                 and
                 Thunders
                 were
                 likewise
                 discover●d
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 great
                 also
                 was
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 our
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 not
                 onely
                 to
                 observe
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 inc●ease
                 Religion
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 decree
                 of
                 Senate
                 ,
                 ten
                 of
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 the
                 chief
                 men
                 were
                 sent
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 most
                 flourishing
                 and
                 opulent
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 several
                 people
                 of
                 H●truria
                 ,
                 to
                 learn
                 the
                 Order
                 and
                 Discipline
                 of
                 C●remonies
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 And
                 when
                 they
                 had
                 resolved
                 to
                 worship
                 Ceres
                 after
                 the
                 Greek
                 manner
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 for
                 Calcitana
                 ,
                 or
                 ,
                 as
                 others
                 say
                 ,
                 Calliphimia
                 ,
                 from
                 Vilia
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 not
                 yet
                 received
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 a
                 City
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 Priestess
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 not
                 want
                 a
                 skilful
                 Governess
                 of
                 the
                 antient
                 Ceremonies
                 of
                 the
                 Goddess
                 :
                 To
                 whom
                 having
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 a
                 most
                 stately
                 Temple
                 dedicated
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 warn'd
                 in
                 the
                 Sibyls
                 Books
                 to
                 appease
                 the
                 ancient
                 Goddess
                 C●res
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Gracchus
                 Tumult
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 ten
                 persons
                 to
                 Enua
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 believed
                 her
                 Sacred
                 Mysteries
                 were
                 first
                 instituted
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 an
                 Atonement
                 for
                 themselves
                 .
                 And
                 many
                 times
                 our
                 Emperours
                 and
                 Commanders
                 having
                 obtained
                 great
                 Victories
                 ,
                 have
                 gone
                 themselves
                 to
                 Pessinuntes
                 ,
                 there
                 to
                 perform
                 their
                 Vows
                 to
                 the
                 Mother
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
                 
              
               
               
                 2.
                 
                 Metellus
                 High-Priest
                 ,
                 when
                 Posthumius
                 the
                 Consul
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 a
                 Flamin
                 of
                 Mars
                 ,
                 desired
                 Africa
                 for
                 his
                 Province
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 in
                 ,
                 commanded
                 him
                 under
                 a
                 penalty
                 not
                 to
                 depart
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 thereby
                 to
                 desert
                 his
                 Function
                 ;
                 believing
                 that
                 Posthumius
                 could
                 not
                 saf●ly
                 adventure
                 himself
                 in
                 Martial
                 Combats
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Ceremonies
                 of
                 Mars
                 were
                 neglected
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Praiseworthy
                 was
                 the
                 Reverence
                 of
                 the
                 Twelve
                 ,
                 but
                 more
                 to
                 be
                 extoll'd
                 ,
                 the
                 obedience
                 of
                 the
                 Twenty
                 four
                 Fafces
                 :
                 for
                 
                   Titus
                   Gracchus
                
                 sent
                 Letters
                 to
                 the
                 Colledge
                 of
                 Augurs
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Province
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 he
                 gave
                 them
                 to
                 understand
                 ,
                 that
                 having
                 perus'd
                 certain
                 Books
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Mysteries
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 ,
                 he
                 found
                 that
                 the
                 Tabernacle
                 was
                 erroneously
                 taken
                 at
                 the
                 grand
                 Consular
                 Assemblies
                 for
                 Election
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 caus'd
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 ;
                 which
                 thing
                 being
                 reported
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 by
                 command
                 thereof
                 
                   C.
                   Figulus
                
                 returning
                 out
                 of
                 
                   Gallia
                   ,
                   Scipio
                   Nasica
                
                 from
                 Corsica
                 ,
                 both
                 laid
                 down
                 their
                 Consulships
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 For
                 the
                 same
                 reason
                 ,
                 
                   P.
                   Cloelius
                
                 of
                 
                   Sicilie
                   ,
                   M.
                   Cornelius
                   Cethegus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   C.
                   Claudius
                
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Entrails
                 were
                 less
                 reverently
                 brought
                 to
                 the
                 Altars
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 than
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 ,
                 at
                 several
                 times
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 several
                 Wars
                 ,
                 were
                 commanded
                 and
                 compelled
                 to
                 leave
                 the
                 Flaminship
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 ●
                 Bee
                 f●ll
                 upon
                 the
                 head
                 of
                 Sulpicius
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 sacrificing
                 ,
                 he
                 lost
                 the
                 Priesthood
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 The
                 peeping
                 of
                 a
                 Mouse
                 being
                 overheard
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 reason
                 that
                 
                   Fabius
                   Maximus
                
                 quitted
                 the
                 Dictatorship
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   C.
                   Flaminius
                
                 ceased
                 to
                 be
                 Master
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 To
                 this
                 we
                 may
                 add
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   P.
                   Licinius
                
                 High-Priest
                 thought
                 fit
                 to
                 give
                 the
                 lash
                 to
                 a
                 Vestal-Virgin
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 one
                 night
                 she
                 had
                 been
                 negligent
                 of
                 the
                 Holy
                 fire
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 But
                 Vesta
                 her self
                 sav'd
                 the
                 Hand-maid
                 of
                 Emilia
                 the
                 Vestal
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 let
                 the
                 fire
                 out
                 ;
                 for
                 while
                 she
                 
                 was
                 worshiping
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 laid
                 her
                 Vail
                 which
                 was
                 very
                 rich
                 upon
                 the
                 Hearth
                 ,
                 presently
                 the
                 fire
                 caught
                 hold
                 thereof
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 No
                 wonder
                 then
                 that
                 the
                 indulgence
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 was
                 so
                 great
                 in
                 preserving
                 and
                 increasing
                 their
                 Empire
                 :
                 for
                 such
                 a
                 scrupulous
                 care
                 seemed
                 to
                 examine
                 the
                 smallest
                 concernments
                 of
                 Religion
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 our
                 City
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 thought
                 never
                 to
                 have
                 had
                 her
                 eyes
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 most
                 exact
                 worship
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
                 And
                 therefore
                 when
                 Marcellus
                 ,
                 five
                 times
                 Consul
                 ,
                 having
                 taken
                 Clastidium
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 that
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 would
                 have
                 in
                 performance
                 of
                 his
                 Vows
                 ,
                 erected
                 a
                 Temple
                 to
                 Honour
                 and
                 Vertue
                 :
                 He
                 was
                 opposed
                 by
                 the
                 Colledge
                 of
                 Priests
                 ,
                 who
                 deni'd
                 that
                 one
                 Domicil
                 could
                 be
                 rightly
                 dedicated
                 to
                 two
                 Gods.
                 For
                 if
                 any
                 Prodigy
                 should
                 happen
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 remain
                 doubtful
                 to
                 which
                 D●ity
                 should
                 be
                 made
                 Address
                 :
                 nor
                 was
                 it
                 the
                 custome
                 to
                 sac●ifice
                 at
                 once
                 to
                 two
                 Deities
                 ,
                 unless
                 to
                 some
                 in
                 particular
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 Admonition
                 of
                 the
                 Priests
                 ,
                 M●rcel●us
                 in
                 two
                 several
                 Temples
                 set
                 up
                 the
                 Images
                 of
                 Honour
                 and
                 Vertue
                 ;
                 whereby
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 that
                 neither
                 the
                 authority
                 of
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 man
                 was
                 any
                 hindrance
                 to
                 the
                 Colledg●
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 addition
                 of
                 expence
                 any
                 i●pediment
                 to
                 Marcel●us
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 all
                 Justice
                 and
                 Observation
                 was
                 given
                 to
                 Religion
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 
                   Lucius
                   Furius
                   Bibaculus
                
                 hath
                 hard●y
                 any
                 Example
                 to
                 parallel
                 him
                 ,
                 unless
                 that
                 of
                 Marcel●us
                 :
                 Nor
                 is
                 he
                 to
                 be
                 deprived
                 of
                 the
                 praise
                 of
                 a
                 most
                 pious
                 and
                 religious
                 minde
                 ,
                 who
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 Pretor
                 ,
                 being
                 command●d
                 by
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 Principal
                 of
                 the
                 Colledge
                 of
                 the
                 Salian
                 Pries●s
                 ,
                 carried
                 the
                 Ancilia
                 ,
                 six
                 Lictors
                 going
                 b●fore
                 him
                 ;
                 though
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 pleaded
                 an
                 excuse
                 from
                 that
                 duty
                 ,
                 by
                 vertue
                 of
                 his
                 place
                 .
                 But
                 our
                 City
                 valued
                 R●ligion
                 above
                 all
                 thing●
                 ,
                 preferring
                 it
                 before
                 the
                 authority
                 of
                 all
                 soveraign
                 Majesty
                 :
                 there●ore
                 their
                 Emp●rours
                 have
                 not
                 scrupled
                 to
                 obey
                 in
                 Sacred
                 
                 things
                 ;
                 believing
                 they
                 should
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 obtain
                 the
                 sole
                 command
                 of
                 humane
                 things
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 constantly
                 and
                 truly
                 obedient
                 to
                 the
                 Divine
                 power
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 Which
                 resolution
                 hath
                 been
                 also
                 bred
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 breasts
                 of
                 private
                 persons
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 taken
                 by
                 the
                 Gauls
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Quirinal
                 Flamen
                 and
                 the
                 Vestal
                 Virgins
                 were
                 forced
                 to
                 carry
                 the
                 Sacred
                 things
                 ,
                 taking
                 every
                 one
                 a
                 share
                 of
                 the
                 burthen
                 ,
                 having
                 now
                 pass'd
                 the
                 Sublician
                 Bridge
                 ,
                 and
                 ready
                 to
                 descend
                 the
                 Rock
                 that
                 leads
                 to
                 Ianiculum
                 ;
                 they
                 were
                 spied
                 by
                 Alvanius
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 driving
                 a
                 Cart
                 wherein
                 he
                 had
                 put
                 his
                 Wife
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 who
                 no
                 sooner
                 saw
                 them
                 in
                 that
                 condition
                 ,
                 but
                 regarding
                 publick
                 Religion
                 more
                 than
                 private
                 Charity
                 ,
                 commanded
                 them
                 to
                 alight
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 placing
                 the
                 Holy
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 ordering
                 the
                 Vestal
                 to
                 get
                 in
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 his
                 own
                 intended
                 Journey
                 ,
                 and
                 drave
                 them
                 till
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Town
                 of
                 Caere
                 ;
                 where
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 curteously
                 and
                 reverently
                 received
                 ,
                 we
                 testifie
                 our
                 thanks
                 ,
                 and
                 honour
                 the
                 memory
                 of
                 their
                 Humanity
                 :
                 For
                 thence
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 be
                 instituted
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 Sacred
                 Rites
                 were
                 called
                 Ceremonies
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Ceretans
                 worshipped
                 and
                 observed
                 them
                 as
                 well
                 in
                 the
                 low
                 as
                 flourishing
                 state
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 Mean
                 and
                 Country
                 Cart
                 ,
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 the
                 receptacle
                 of
                 so
                 much
                 Honour
                 ,
                 came
                 to
                 equal
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 out-vie
                 ,
                 the
                 glory
                 of
                 a
                 Triumphal
                 Chariot
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 memorable
                 was
                 the
                 Example
                 of
                 observ'd
                 Religion
                 which
                 
                   Caius
                   Fabius
                   Dorso
                
                 gave
                 us
                 :
                 for
                 when
                 the
                 Gauls
                 besieged
                 the
                 Capitol
                 ,
                 lest
                 the
                 acc●stomed
                 Sacrifice
                 of
                 the
                 Fabii
                 should
                 be
                 put
                 by
                 ,
                 clad
                 in
                 a
                 Gabin
                 habit
                 ,
                 and
                 carrying
                 the
                 Sacred
                 things
                 in
                 his
                 hands
                 and
                 upon
                 his
                 shouldiers
                 ,
                 he
                 at
                 length
                 pass'd
                 through
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 to
                 the
                 Quirinal-Hill
                 ,
                 where
                 having
                 performed
                 what
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 he
                 returned
                 to
                 the
                 Capitol
                 with
                 Divine
                 Adoration
                 
                 of
                 his
                 victorious
                 Atchievement
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 a
                 Victor
                 indeed
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 Great
                 also
                 was
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 preserving
                 Religion
                 among
                 our
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 where
                 
                   Publius
                   Cornelius
                
                 and
                 
                   Baebius
                   Tamphilus
                
                 were
                 Consuls
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Labourers
                 that
                 were
                 digging
                 a
                 Field
                 of
                 Petillius
                 the
                 Scribe
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 foot
                 of
                 Ianiculum
                 ,
                 delving
                 somewhat
                 deeper
                 than
                 ordinary
                 ,
                 sound
                 two
                 little
                 Stone-chests
                 ;
                 in
                 one
                 whereof
                 was
                 a
                 Writing
                 ,
                 declaring
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 was
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 
                   Numa
                   Pompilius
                
                 Son
                 of
                 Pomponius
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 other
                 were
                 seven
                 Books
                 in
                 the
                 Latine
                 Tongue
                 ,
                 treating
                 of
                 the
                 right
                 of
                 the
                 High-Priest
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 in
                 Greek
                 ,
                 discoursing
                 of
                 Wisdom
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 preservation
                 of
                 the
                 Latine
                 Books
                 they
                 took
                 especial
                 care
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Greek
                 one
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 there
                 seemed
                 to
                 be
                 some
                 things
                 therein
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 their
                 Religion
                 )
                 
                   Lucius
                   Petillius
                
                 the
                 Pretor
                 by
                 decree
                 of
                 Senate
                 caus'd
                 to
                 be
                 burnt
                 in
                 a
                 publick
                 Fire
                 made
                 by
                 the
                 Officers
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Sacrifices
                 :
                 for
                 the
                 antient
                 Romans
                 could
                 not
                 endure
                 that
                 any
                 thing
                 should
                 be
                 reserved
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 which
                 might
                 be
                 a
                 means
                 to
                 draw
                 the
                 minds
                 of
                 men
                 from
                 the
                 worship
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
                 
              
               
                 13.
                 
                 Tarquinius
                 the
                 King
                 caus'd
                 
                   Marcus
                   Tullius
                
                 the
                 Duumvir
                 to
                 be
                 sow'd
                 in
                 a
                 Sack
                 after
                 the
                 ancient
                 manner
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 thrown
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 for
                 a
                 Bribe
                 delivered
                 to
                 
                   Petronius
                   Sabinus
                
                 a
                 certain
                 Book
                 containing
                 the
                 Mysteries
                 of
                 the
                 Civil
                 Sacred
                 things
                 committed
                 to
                 his
                 keeping
                 .
                 Most
                 justly
                 ,
                 seeing
                 that
                 violation
                 of
                 Trust
                 deserves
                 the
                 same
                 punishment
                 among
                 men
                 ,
                 as
                 from
                 the
                 Gods.
                 
              
               
                 14.
                 
                 But
                 as
                 to
                 those
                 things
                 which
                 concern
                 the
                 Observation
                 of
                 Religion
                 ,
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 whether
                 
                   Atilius
                   Regulus
                
                 have
                 not
                 excelled
                 all
                 that
                 ever
                 went
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 of
                 a
                 famous
                 Conquerour
                 being
                 now
                 become
                 a
                 Captive
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 wiles
                 and
                 ambushments
                 of
                 Hannibal
                 and
                 Xantippus
                 the
                 Lacedaemonian
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 and
                 people
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 to
                 try
                 if
                 h●
                 could
                 get
                 himself
                 ,
                 being
                 but
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 old
                 ,
                 rede●med
                 for
                 several
                 young
                 and
                 noble
                 Carthaginians
                 ;
                 who
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 ,
                 advised
                 the
                 Senate
                 to
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 and
                 went
                 back
                 to
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 well
                 knowing
                 to
                 what
                 ,
                 cruel
                 and
                 inveterate
                 Enemies
                 he
                 returned
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 had
                 sworn
                 so
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 ob●ain
                 the
                 release
                 of
                 their
                 Captives
                 .
                 Surely
                 th●
                 Immortal
                 Gods
                 had
                 reason
                 to
                 have
                 mitigated
                 their
                 fury
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 glory
                 of
                 Atilius
                 might
                 be
                 the
                 greater
                 ,
                 they
                 permitted
                 the
                 Carthagians
                 to
                 take
                 their
                 own
                 inhumane
                 courses
                 :
                 As
                 they
                 who
                 in
                 the
                 third
                 Punick
                 War
                 would
                 severely
                 recompence
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 so
                 noble
                 a
                 Soul
                 with
                 the
                 destruction
                 of
                 their
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 15.
                 
                 How
                 much
                 more
                 religious
                 toward
                 the
                 Gods
                 did
                 our
                 Senate
                 shew
                 themselves
                 ?
                 which
                 after
                 the
                 fatal
                 overthrow
                 of
                 Cannae
                 ,
                 decreed
                 that
                 no
                 women
                 should
                 mourn
                 longer
                 than
                 thirty
                 days
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 the
                 Rites
                 of
                 Ceres
                 might
                 be
                 by
                 them
                 performed
                 .
                 For
                 now
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 men
                 lying
                 slain
                 upon
                 the
                 bloody
                 accursed
                 Earth
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 Family
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 that
                 did
                 not
                 partake
                 of
                 the
                 general
                 Calamity
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 the
                 Mothers
                 and
                 Daughters
                 ,
                 Wives
                 and
                 Sisters
                 of
                 the
                 slain
                 were
                 compelled
                 to
                 put
                 off
                 their
                 Mourning-weeds
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 on
                 their
                 White-garments
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 perform
                 the
                 office
                 of
                 Priests
                 .
                 Through
                 which
                 constancy
                 of
                 observing
                 Religion
                 ,
                 forc'd
                 the
                 Deities
                 themselves
                 to
                 blush
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 ashamed
                 of
                 raging
                 any
                 more
                 against
                 such
                 a
                 Nation
                 ,
                 that
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 drawn
                 from
                 adoring
                 them
                 that
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 cruelty
                 destroy'd
                 them
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 NEGLECTED
                 .
              
               
                 16.
                 
                 It
                 is
                 believ'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 reason
                 why
                 Varro
                 fought
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 ill
                 success
                 at
                 Cannaea
                 against
                 the
                 Carthagi●ians
                 ,
                 was
                 through
                 the
                 wrath
                 of
                 Iuno
                 :
                 for
                 when
                 he
                 made
                 
                 publick
                 the
                 Circensian
                 Games
                 ,
                 being
                 Aedil
                 ,
                 he
                 set
                 a
                 young
                 Player
                 of
                 extraordinary
                 beauty
                 to
                 watch
                 in
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Iupiter
                 :
                 which
                 Fact
                 being
                 call'd
                 to
                 mind
                 after
                 some
                 years
                 ,
                 was
                 expiated
                 with
                 Sacrifices
                 .
              
               
                 17.
                 
                 Hercules
                 also
                 is
                 report●d
                 to
                 have
                 very
                 severely
                 revenged
                 the
                 abuse
                 of
                 his
                 Worship
                 :
                 for
                 when
                 the
                 Family
                 of
                 the
                 Potitii
                 had
                 intrusted
                 his
                 Ceremonies
                 ,
                 the
                 Ministry
                 whereof
                 belonged
                 to
                 them
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 by
                 inheritance
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 performed
                 by
                 servants
                 and
                 p●rsons
                 of
                 mean
                 d●gree
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 Appius
                 the
                 Censor
                 was
                 the
                 occasion
                 ;
                 all
                 the
                 flower
                 o●
                 the
                 Family
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 above
                 thirty
                 young
                 men
                 ,
                 di'd
                 with●n
                 t●e
                 space
                 of
                 one
                 year
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 the
                 P●●itii
                 ,
                 that
                 was
                 branch'd
                 into
                 twelve
                 Famil●●s
                 ,
                 was
                 almost
                 extinct
                 ;
                 Appius
                 also
                 the
                 Censor
                 was
                 stricken
                 blinde
                 .
              
               
                 18.
                 
                 A
                 sharp
                 Revenger
                 also
                 was
                 Apollo
                 ,
                 of
                 an
                 injury
                 done
                 to
                 himself
                 ,
                 who
                 at
                 the
                 Sack
                 of
                 Carthage
                 being
                 spoil'd
                 of
                 his
                 Robe
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 never
                 ceas'd
                 till
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 the
                 sacrilegious
                 Souldier
                 were
                 found
                 cut
                 off
                 among
                 the
                 broken
                 pieces
                 of
                 his
                 Image
                 .
                 Brennus
                 ,
                 Captain
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Gauls
                 ,
                 entering
                 into
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 by
                 Destiny
                 was
                 compelled
                 to
                 lay
                 violent
                 hands
                 upon
                 himself
                 .
              
               
                 19.
                 
                 Nor
                 was
                 his
                 Son
                 Aescul●pius
                 a
                 less
                 violent
                 Revenger
                 of
                 contemned
                 Religion
                 ,
                 who
                 not
                 enduring
                 to
                 behold
                 a
                 Wood
                 consecrated
                 to
                 his
                 Temple
                 cut
                 down
                 by
                 Turullius
                 to
                 build
                 Ships
                 for
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 
                   M.
                   Antonie
                
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 strange
                 power
                 so
                 ordered
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 Turullius
                 was
                 by
                 the
                 command
                 of
                 Caesar
                 ,
                 being
                 judged
                 to
                 death
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 his
                 business
                 ,
                 executed
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 Wood
                 :
                 And
                 so
                 the
                 God
                 ordain'd
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 there
                 remarkably
                 slain
                 by
                 
                 Caesar's
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 that
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 death
                 he
                 expiated
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 those
                 Trees
                 that
                 were
                 cut
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 secured
                 the
                 safety
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 st●nding
                 .
              
               
                 20.
                 
                 Nor
                 did
                 
                   Q.
                   Fulvius
                   Flaccus
                
                 go
                 unpunished
                 ,
                 
                 who
                 in
                 his
                 Censorship
                 translated
                 the
                 Marble
                 Tiles
                 from
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 
                   Lacinian
                   Iuno
                
                 to
                 the
                 Fane
                 of
                 
                   Fortuna
                   Equestris
                
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 then
                 building
                 at
                 Rome
                 :
                 for
                 he
                 no
                 sooner
                 had
                 done
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 fell
                 mad
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 very
                 grief
                 expired
                 ,
                 hearing
                 that
                 of
                 his
                 two
                 Sons
                 ,
                 both
                 Souldiers
                 in
                 Il●yria
                 ,
                 one
                 o●
                 them
                 was
                 dead
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 slain
                 ;
                 by
                 whose
                 mishap
                 the
                 Senate
                 being
                 warned
                 ,
                 ordered
                 the
                 Tiles
                 to
                 be
                 carried
                 back
                 to
                 Locri.
                 
              
               
                 21.
                 
                 Much
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 did
                 they
                 punish
                 the
                 covetousness
                 of
                 
                   Q.
                   Pliminius
                
                 ,
                 Legate
                 to
                 Scipio
                 ,
                 in
                 robbing
                 the
                 Treasure
                 of
                 Proserpina
                 :
                 for
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 brought
                 in
                 Fetters
                 to
                 Rome
                 ,
                 before
                 he
                 could
                 come
                 to
                 his
                 Tryal
                 ,
                 he
                 died
                 in
                 Prison
                 of
                 a
                 most
                 filthy
                 Disease
                 .
                 The
                 Goddess
                 ,
                 by
                 command
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 had
                 not
                 onely
                 her
                 Money
                 restored
                 ,
                 but
                 double
                 the
                 sum
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Forraign
                 Examples
                 of
                 Religion
                 ,
                 observed
                 or
                 neglected
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 Fact
                 of
                 Pleminius
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 well
                 punish'd
                 by
                 the
                 Conscript
                 Fathers
                 .
                 But
                 against
                 the
                 sorbid
                 Violencies
                 of
                 King
                 Pyrrhus
                 ,
                 the
                 Goddess
                 her self
                 defended
                 her self
                 well
                 enough
                 :
                 for
                 the
                 Locri
                 being
                 compelled
                 to
                 give
                 him
                 money
                 out
                 of
                 her
                 Treasury
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 sailing
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea
                 laden
                 with
                 his
                 impious
                 Prey
                 ,
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 a
                 mighty
                 Tempest
                 his
                 whole
                 Navy
                 was
                 cast
                 away
                 upon
                 the
                 shoar
                 adjoyning
                 to
                 the
                 said
                 City
                 ▪
                 where
                 the
                 money
                 being
                 found
                 entire
                 ,
                 was
                 restored
                 to
                 the
                 most
                 sacred
                 Treasury
                 of
                 the
                 Goddess
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 But
                 the
                 Act
                 of
                 M●ssanisa
                 was
                 of
                 another
                 nature
                 ,
                 whose
                 Admiral
                 having
                 landed
                 in
                 Melita
                 ,
                 and
                 taken
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Fane
                 of
                 Iuno
                 certain
                 Ivory-teeth
                 of
                 an
                 immense
                 proportion
                 ,
                 and
                 given
                 them
                 as
                 a
                 Present
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ;
                 Massanisa
                 no
                 ●ooner
                 understood
                 from
                 whence
                 they
                 came
                 but
                 he
                 commanded
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 carried
                 back
                 ●n
                 a
                 Gall●y
                 with
                 five
                 Oars
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 in
                 the
                 place
                 
                 whence
                 they
                 were
                 taken
                 ,
                 having
                 caus'd
                 certain
                 Words
                 to
                 he
                 carved
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 signifying
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 had
                 taken
                 them
                 ignorantly
                 ,
                 and
                 willingly
                 restored
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 born
                 at
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 us'd
                 to
                 make
                 J●sts
                 of
                 his
                 Sacriledges
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 committed
                 more
                 than
                 we
                 have
                 now
                 room
                 to
                 recount
                 :
                 for
                 having
                 plundered
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Iuno
                 at
                 Locri
                 ,
                 and
                 sailing
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea
                 with
                 a
                 prosperous
                 gale
                 ,
                 laughing
                 to
                 his
                 ●riends
                 ,
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   What
                   a
                   pleasant
                   Voyage
                   have
                   the
                   Gods
                   granted
                   to
                   us
                   Sacrilegious
                   Robbers
                   !
                
                 Having
                 taken
                 al●o
                 a
                 Cloak
                 of
                 Massie
                 gold
                 from
                 
                   Iupiter
                   Olympian
                
                 ,
                 which
                 Hier●
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 had
                 dedicated
                 to
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 spoils
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ;
                 and
                 throwing
                 over
                 the
                 Statue
                 a
                 Woollen-mantle
                 ,
                 told
                 his
                 Companions
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   a
                   Cloak
                   of
                   Gold
                   was
                   too
                   heavy
                   in
                   the
                   Summer
                   ,
                   too
                   cold
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   ;
                   but
                   a
                   Woollen
                   Cloak
                   would
                   serve
                   for
                   both
                   Seasons
                   .
                
                 The
                 same
                 person
                 commanded
                 the
                 Golden
                 beard
                 of
                 Esculapius
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 from
                 his
                 Statue
                 in
                 his
                 Temple
                 at
                 Epidaurum
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   It
                   was
                   not
                   convenient
                   for
                
                 Apollo
                 
                   the
                   Father
                   to
                   be
                   without
                   a
                   Beard
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Son
                   to
                   have
                   so
                   large
                   a
                   one
                   .
                
                 He
                 also
                 took
                 away
                 the
                 Silver
                 and
                 Golden
                 Tables
                 out
                 of
                 other
                 Temples
                 ,
                 where
                 finding
                 certain
                 Inscriptions
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 belonged
                 to
                 the
                 good
                 Gods
                 ,
                 then
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   Through
                   their
                   go●dn●ss
                   we
                   will
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   them
                   .
                
                 He
                 also
                 took
                 away
                 the
                 little
                 Statues
                 of
                 Victory
                 ,
                 Cups
                 and
                 Crowns
                 which
                 they
                 held
                 in
                 their
                 hands
                 being
                 all
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   He
                   did
                   but
                   borrow
                   them
                   ,
                   not
                   take
                   um
                   quite
                   away
                   :
                
                 saying
                 .
                 
                   It
                   was
                   an
                   idle
                   thing
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   pray
                   to
                   the
                   Gods
                   for
                   good
                   things
                   ,
                   not
                   to
                   accept
                   um
                   when
                   they
                   hold
                   um
                   forth
                   to
                   us
                   .
                
                 Who
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 person
                 though
                 he
                 were
                 not
                 rewarded
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 deserts
                 ,
                 yet
                 in
                 the
                 infamy
                 of
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 he
                 suff●red
                 after
                 death
                 what
                 in
                 his
                 life-time
                 he
                 had
                 escaped
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 For
                 the
                 avoiding
                 whereof
                 ,
                 Timasitheus
                 Prince
                 of
                 the
                 Liparitans
                 by
                 his
                 wisdom
                 provided
                 for
                 his
                 own
                 
                 and
                 his
                 Countries
                 safety
                 :
                 for
                 when
                 certain
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 using
                 Pyracy
                 ,
                 had
                 taken
                 a
                 Golden
                 cup
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 weight
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 people
                 were
                 gathered
                 together
                 to
                 divide
                 the
                 spoil
                 ,
                 understanding
                 that
                 is
                 was
                 consecrated
                 to
                 
                   Apollo
                   Pythian
                
                 in
                 lieu
                 of
                 their
                 Tenths
                 by
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 he
                 took
                 it
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 carefully
                 sent
                 it
                 to
                 Delphos
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 
                   Milisian
                   Ceres
                
                 ,
                 when
                 Miletum
                 was
                 taken
                 by
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 several
                 Souldiers
                 were
                 broken
                 into
                 the
                 Temple
                 to
                 plunder
                 it
                 ,
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 depriv'd
                 them
                 all
                 of
                 their
                 sight
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 The
                 Persians
                 coming
                 to
                 Delos
                 with
                 a
                 Navy
                 of
                 a
                 thousand
                 Ships
                 ,
                 behaved
                 themselves
                 more
                 irreligiously
                 than
                 rapaciously
                 toward
                 the
                 Temple
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 The
                 Athenians
                 banish'd
                 Diagoras
                 the
                 Philosopher
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 adventured
                 to
                 affirm
                 that
                 he
                 knew
                 not
                 whether
                 there
                 were
                 any
                 Gods
                 or
                 no
                 ;
                 or
                 if
                 there
                 were
                 any
                 ,
                 of
                 what
                 nature
                 they
                 were
                 .
                 They
                 also
                 condemned
                 Socrates
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 endeavoured
                 to
                 introduce
                 a
                 new
                 Religion
                 .
                 They
                 endured
                 Phidias
                 when
                 he
                 affirmed
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 better
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Statue
                 of
                 Minerva
                 of
                 Marble
                 rather
                 than
                 of
                 Ivory
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 it
                 was
                 more
                 lasting
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 he
                 added
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 also
                 cheaper
                 ,
                 they
                 commanded
                 him
                 silence
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Diomedon
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 ten
                 Captains
                 who
                 at
                 Arginusa
                 won
                 a
                 great
                 Victory
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 himself
                 the
                 reward
                 of
                 Condemnation
                 ;
                 being
                 now
                 led
                 to
                 his
                 undeserved
                 Execution
                 ,
                 spake
                 nothing
                 else
                 ,
                 but
                 onely
                 that
                 the
                 Vows
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 made
                 for
                 the
                 safety
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 might
                 be
                 performed
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               II.
               Of
               Feigned
               Religion
               .
            
             
               
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   Numa
                   Pompilius
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                   P.
                   Scip.
                   African
                
                 the
                 greater
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 
                   L.
                   Cor.
                   Sulla
                
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   Q.
                   Sertorius
                
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Minos
                 King
                 of
                 Crete
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 
                   Pisi●tratus
                   ,
                   Athenian
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 
                   Lycurgus
                   ,
                   Spartan
                
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Zaleu●us
                 o●
                 Locri.
                 
              
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 NVma
                 Pompilius
              
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               oblige
               his
               people
               to
               the
               observance
               of
               Holy
               things
               ,
               feigned
               to
               have
               familiarity
               by
               night
               with
               the
               Goddess
               Egeria
               ;
               and
               that
               by
               her
               direction
               onely
               ,
               the
               Worship
               of
               the
               Gods
               which
               he
               propos'd
               was
               instituted
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Scipio
               ,
               sirnamed
               the
               African
               ,
               never
               went
               about
               any
               private
               or
               publick
               business
               ,
               till
               he
               had
               been
               for
               some
               while
               in
               the
               Fane
               of
               
                 Iupiter
                 Capitoline
              
               ;
               and
               was
               therefore
               thought
               to
               have
               been
               begot
               by
               Iove
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               
                 Lucius
                 Sulla
              
               ,
               when
               he
               resolved
               to
               give
               Battel
               ,
               embracing
               a
               little
               Image
               of
               Apol●o
               ,
               which
               was
               taken
               out
               of
               the
               Temple
               of
               Delphos
               ,
               in
               the
               sight
               of
               all
               his
               Souldiers
               ,
               desired
               the
               Deity
               to
               bring
               to
               pass
               what
               he
               had
               promised
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               
                 Q.
                 Sertorius
              
               had
               a
               tame
               white
               Hart
               ,
               which
               he
               taught
               to
               follow
               him
               over
               all
               the
               cragged
               Mountains
               of
               Lusitania
               ,
               by
               which
               he
               feigned
               himself
               instructed
               what
               to
               do
               ,
               or
               what
               not
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Minos
                 King
                 of
                 Crete
                 was
                 wont
                 to
                 retire
                 himself
                 
                 every
                 ninth
                 year
                 into
                 a
                 deep
                 and
                 antiently-consecrated
                 Den
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 staying
                 some
                 time
                 ,
                 brought
                 forth
                 new
                 Laws
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 there
                 feigned
                 were
                 delivered
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 Iupiter
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Pisistratus
                 ,
                 to
                 recover
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 lost
                 ,
                 made
                 as
                 if
                 Minerva
                 her self
                 had
                 led
                 him
                 into
                 the
                 Castle
                 ;
                 deceiving
                 the
                 Athenians
                 by
                 shewing
                 an
                 unknown
                 woman
                 who
                 was
                 called
                 Phya
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 habit
                 of
                 Minerva
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Lycurgus
                 perswaded
                 the
                 people
                 that
                 the
                 Laws
                 which
                 he
                 compos'd
                 for
                 the
                 grave
                 City
                 of
                 Lacedaemon
                 ,
                 were
                 made
                 by
                 the
                 counsel
                 of
                 Apollo
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Zaleucus
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 Minerva
                 ,
                 was
                 accounted
                 the
                 wisest
                 man
                 among
                 the
                 Locrians
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               III.
               Of
               Forraign
               Religion
               rejected
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   By
                   the
                
                 Roman
                 people
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 P.
                 Cornelius
                 
                   the
                   Pretor
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Lucius
                 Emilius
                 Paulus
                 ▪
              
            
             
               1.
               
               THe
               new
               Custom
               which
               was
               introduced
               among
               the
               Feasts
               of
               Bacchus
               ,
               when
               it
               grew
               to
               Madness
               ,
               was
               quite
               taken
               away
               .
               Lutatius
               ,
               who
               finished
               the
               first
               Punick
               War
               ,
               was
               forbid
               by
               the
               Senate
               to
               go
               to
               Preneste
               to
               consult
               Fortune
               ;
               judging
               it
               meet
               that
               the
               Affairs
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               should
               be
               governed
               by
               their
               own
               national
               Omens
               ,
               and
               not
               those
               of
               Forraign
               Countries
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               
                 C.
                 Cornelius
                 Hispallus
              
               ,
               a
               forraign
               Pretor
               ,
               in
               the
               time
               that
               
                 Popil●ius
                 Laenas
              
               and
               
                 M.
                 Calpurnius
              
               were
               Consuls
               ,
               by
               Edict
               commanded
               the
               Caldeans
               to
               depart
               out
               of
               Italy
               ,
               who
               by
               their
               trivial
               tricks
               ,
               and
               false
               interpretations
               
               of
               the
               Stars
               ,
               cast
               a
               gainful
               Mist
               before
               their
               eyes
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               The
               same
               person
               banished
               those
               who
               with
               a
               counterfeit
               worship
               of
               
                 Iupiter
                 Sabazius
              
               sought
               to
               corrupt
               the
               Roman
               Customs
               .
            
             
               
                 Lucius
                 Emilius
                 Paulus
              
               the
               Consul
               ,
               when
               the
               Senate
               had
               decreed
               that
               the
               Temples
               of
               Isis
               and
               Serapis
               should
               be
               destroyed
               ,
               and
               that
               none
               of
               the
               Workmen
               durst
               lay
               hands
               upon
               the
               Work
               ,
               laying
               his
               Consular
               habit
               aside
               ,
               and
               taking
               a
               Hatchet
               ,
               was
               the
               first
               that
               broke
               open
               the
               Gates
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               IV.
               Of
               Luckie
               Signes
               .
            
             
               
                 Which
                 the
                 ROMANS
                 took
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Atius
                 Navus
                 
                   the
                   Augur
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 T.
                 Gracchus
                 ,
                 
                   Son
                   of
                
                 Titus
                 Tribune
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 P.
                 Claudius
                 Pulcher
                 ,
                 and
                 L.
                 Jun.
                 Pullus
                 .
                 Consul
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Lucius
                 Metellus
                 High-priest
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 M.
                 Tullius
                 Cicero
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 M.
                 Junius
                 Brutus
                 Proconsul
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Alexander
                 
                   the
                   Great
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 King
                 Dejotarus
                 .
              
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 LVcius
                 Tarquinius
              
               the
               King
               having
               a
               minde
               to
               adde
               other
               Troops
               of
               Horse
               to
               the
               Troops
               which
               Romulus
               had
               fortunately
               enroll'd
               ,
               being
               opposed
               by
               the
               Augur
               ,
               in
               a
               great
               fury
               asked
               him
               ,
               
                 If
                 that
                 which
                 he
                 thought
                 of
                 might
                 be
                 done
                 ?
              
               Who
               answering
               ,
               
                 That
                 it
                 might
              
               ,
               the
               King
               commanded
               him
               to
               cleave
               a
               Whet-stone
               with
               a
               Razor
               ,
               which
               was
               not
               sooner
               brought
               ,
               but
               Atius
               by
               an
               incredible
               act●
               made
               the
               King
               admire
               the
               Effect
               of
               his
               Profession
               ▪
            
             
             
               2.
               
               
                 Titus
                 Gracchus
              
               designing
               Tumult
               and
               Sedition
               ,
               sought
               for
               Lucky
               Signes
               at
               home
               ;
               which
               fell
               out
               very
               sad
               ,
               and
               contrary
               to
               his
               Expectation
               :
               for
               as
               he
               was
               going
               out
               of
               doors
               ,
               he
               stumbled
               in
               such
               sort
               ,
               that
               he
               broke
               one
               of
               his
               Toes
               .
               Then
               three
               Crows
               cawing
               on
               the
               wrong
               side
               ,
               let
               fall
               a
               piece
               of
               a
               Tile
               just
               before
               him
               :
               But
               he
               contemning
               all
               these
               Signes
               ,
               and
               being
               expelled
               the
               Capitol
               by
               
                 Scipio
                 Nasica
              
               the
               High-priest
               ,
               was
               knock'd
               on
               the
               head
               with
               a
               piece
               of
               Chair
               of
               State.
               
            
             
               3.
               
               
                 P.
                 Claudius
              
               ,
               in
               the
               first
               Punick
               War
               ,
               being
               ready
               to
               joyn
               Battel
               ,
               yet
               being
               willing
               to
               know
               the
               Signes
               after
               the
               old
               Custome
               ,
               when
               he
               that
               kept
               the
               Birds
               told
               him
               that
               the
               Chickens
               would
               not
               come
               out
               of
               the
               Penns
               ,
               commanded
               them
               to
               be
               cast
               into
               the
               Sea
               ,
               saying
               ,
               
                 If
                 they
                 will
                 not
                 eat
                 ,
                 let
                 um
                 drink
              
               ;
               together
               with
               Iunius
               his
               Colleague
               ,
               lost
               the
               Roman
               Navy
               for
               neglecting
               the
               Lucky
               Signes
               :
               Of
               which
               two
               ,
               one
               fell
               by
               the
               Sentence
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               the
               other
               prevented
               the
               ignominy
               of
               Condemnation
               by
               killing
               himself
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               Metellus
               the
               High-priest
               travelling
               for
               Tusculanum
               ,
               two
               Crows
               flew
               directly
               toward
               his
               face
               ,
               as
               if
               they
               went
               to
               stop
               his
               journey
               ,
               yet
               hardly
               prevail'd
               with
               him
               to
               return
               .
               The
               next
               night
               the
               Temple
               of
               Vesta
               was
               burnt
               ,
               and
               Metellus
               sav'd
               the
               Palladium
               out
               of
               the
               fire
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               
                 M
                 Cicero
              
               had
               his
               death
               foretold
               by
               an
               unlucky
               Signe
               :
               for
               being
               at
               the
               Village
               of
               Cajeta
               ,
               a
               Crow
               s●rook
               off
               the
               Gnomon
               of
               a
               Sun-dial
               before
               his
               face
               ,
               and
               by
               and
               by
               flying
               toward
               him
               ,
               held
               him
               by
               the
               hem
               of
               his
               Garment
               ,
               till
               his
               Servants
               came
               and
               told
               him
               that
               certain
               Souldiers
               were
               come
               to
               kill
               him
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               
                 M.
                 Brutus
              
               having
               rallied
               the
               remains
               of
               his
               Army
               against
               Caesar
               and
               Antonius
               ,
               two
               Eagles
               flew
               ▪
               one
               from
               one
               Camp
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               from
               the
               other
               ,
               and
               encountring
               one
               another
               ,
               the
               Eagle
               which
               came
               out
               of
               Brutus
               Camp
               b●ing
               worsted
               ,
               fled
               :
            
             
               
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Alexander
                 being
                 about
                 to
                 build
                 a
                 City
                 in
                 
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   Diocrates
                
                 the
                 Architect
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Chalk
                 laid
                 out
                 the
                 streets
                 with
                 Meal
                 :
                 By
                 and
                 by
                 a
                 vast
                 number
                 of
                 Birds
                 from
                 the
                 next
                 Lake
                 ,
                 devoured
                 the
                 Meal
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 Egyptian
                 Priests
                 made
                 this
                 Interpretation
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   that
                   City
                   should
                   in
                   time
                   afford
                   great
                   store
                   of
                   Provision
                   to
                   Strangers
                   .
                
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 
                   King
                   Dejotarus
                
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 very
                 prosperous
                 in
                 his
                 Actions
                 ,
                 was
                 preserv'd
                 by
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 an
                 Eagle
                 :
                 for
                 seeing
                 the
                 place
                 whence
                 she
                 came
                 out
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 go
                 in
                 there
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 house
                 fell
                 the
                 next
                 night
                 equal
                 with
                 the
                 ground
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               V.
               Of
               Omens
               .
            
             
               
                 Which
                 the
                 ROMANS
                 took
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Fathers
                   Conscript
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 M.
                 ●urius
                 Camillus
                 Dictator
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 L.
                 Aemilius
                 Paulus
                 Consul
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Caecilia
                 Metelli
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 C.
                 Marius
                 
                   in
                   Exile
                
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Cn.
                 Pompeius
                 Pro-Consul
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 M.
                 Brutus
                 Pro-Consul
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 C.
                 Cassius
                 Pro-Consul
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 Q.
                 Petillius
                 Consul
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Prienians
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Apolloniates
                 .
              
            
             
               THe
               observation
               of
               Omens
               is
               founded
               upon
               a
               certain
               touch
               of
               Religion
               ,
               as
               depending
               not
               upon
               any
               fortuitous
               Chance
               ,
               but
               upon
               Divine
               Providence
               .
            
             
             
               1.
               
               Whereby
               it
               came
               to
               pass
               ,
               that
               when
               the
               City
               was
               destroyed
               by
               the
               Gauls
               ,
               and
               the
               Senate
               was
               consulting
               whether
               they
               should
               remove
               to
               Veii
               ,
               or
               rebuild
               their
               own
               Walls
               ,
               some
               Cohorts
               returning
               from
               Garrison
               ,
               a
               Centurion
               crying
               out
               in
               the
               place
               for
               publick
               Assemblies
               to
               his
               Eagle-bearer
               ,
               
                 Fix
                 your
                 Ensigne
                 ,
                 we
                 'll
                 stay
                 here
                 in
                 good
                 time
                 :
              
               the
               Senate
               hearing
               his
               voice
               ,
               took
               it
               for
               a
               good
               Omen
               ,
               and
               left
               off
               their
               designe
               of
               going
               for
               Veii
               .
               In
               how
               few
               words
               was
               the
               Domicil
               of
               the
               future
               Empire
               of
               the
               World
               designed
               ?
               The
               Gods
               disdaining
               that
               the
               Roman
               Name
               sprung
               from
               happy
               Omens
               ,
               should
               change
               its
               Seat
               ,
               or
               that
               the
               glory
               of
               Victory
               it self
               should
               lie
               buried
               in
               the
               Ruines
               of
               a
               City
               already
               neer
               decay'd
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               Author
               of
               this
               most
               famous
               Work
               ,
               Camillus
               ,
               while
               he
               was
               praying
               ,
               that
               if
               the
               happiness
               of
               the
               people
               of
               Rome
               seemed
               to
               any
               of
               the
               Gods
               to
               be
               too
               great
               ,
               that
               they
               would
               satisfie
               their
               Envy
               by
               any
               mischief
               done
               to
               himself
               ,
               at
               the
               end
               of
               his
               Prayer
               suddenly
               stumbling
               sell
               down
               ;
               which
               Omen
               is
               thought
               to
               have
               related
               to
               the
               Condemnation
               which
               he
               afterwards
               underwent
               .
               But
               deservedly
               did
               Victory
               and
               the
               Prayers
               of
               this
               great
               man
               strive
               together
               for
               praise
               :
               nor
               was
               the
               strife
               of
               his
               Vertue
               less
               ,
               that
               he
               increased
               the
               good
               fortune
               of
               his
               Country
               ,
               wishing
               all
               its
               evil
               fortune
               might
               fall
               upon
               his
               own
               head
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               How
               memorable
               was
               that
               which
               befel
               
                 L.
                 Paulus
              
               the
               Consul
               !
               who
               being
               by
               lot
               designed
               to
               make
               War
               with
               Perseus
               King
               of
               Macedon
               ,
               in
               his
               return
               to
               his
               house
               met
               his
               youngest
               Daughter
               at
               the
               door
               ,
               and
               observing
               her
               to
               look
               something
               sad
               ,
               kiss'd
               her
               ,
               and
               demanded
               the
               cause
               of
               her
               discontent
               ;
               who
               answered
               ,
               That
               Persa
               was
               dead
               :
               that
               was
               the
               name
               of
               a
               little
               Dog
               which
               she
               highly
               esteemed
               ,
               which
               di'd
               a
               little
               before
               .
               Paulus
               laid
               hold
               of
               the
               Omen
               ,
               and
               upon
               a
               fortuitous
               saying
               ,
               built
               the
               hopes
               of
               his
               future
               Triumphs
               .
            
             
             
               4.
               
               But
               Cecilia
               the
               Wife
               of
               Metel●us
               ,
               when
               her
               Sisters
               Daughter
               r●quired
               after
               the
               antient
               custom
               those
               Nuptial-Rites
               due
               to
               a
               Virgin
               of
               ripe
               years
               ,
               gave
               occasion
               to
               the
               Omen
               her self
               :
               for
               the
               Virgin
               having
               slaid
               in
               a
               certain
               Chappel
               for
               that
               purpose
               ,
               and
               hearing
               no
               body
               speak
               to
               her
               minde
               ,
               wearied
               with
               long
               standing
               ,
               she
               desired
               of
               her
               Aunt
               to
               let
               her
               have
               some
               place
               to
               sit
               down
               ;
               to
               whom
               her
               Aunt
               repli'd
               ,
               
                 I
                 freely
                 give
                 thee
                 my
                 Seat
                 :
              
               Which
               saying
               proceeding
               out
               of
               kindness
               ,
               prov'd
               ominous
               in
               the
               event
               ;
               for
               not
               long
               after
               Cecilia
               dying
               ,
               Metellus
               married
               the
               Virgin
               of
               whom
               we
               speak
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               The
               observation
               of
               Omens
               was
               certainly
               the
               preservation
               of
               
                 Caius
                 Marius
              
               ,
               at
               what
               time
               he
               was
               adjudge
               an
               Enemy
               by
               the
               Senate
               ,
               lying
               at
               the
               house
               of
               one
               Fannia
               at
               Minturnae
               for
               his
               security
               :
               For
               he
               observed
               an
               Ass-colt
               when
               he
               gave
               him
               Meat
               ,
               that
               neglecting
               that
               ,
               he
               ran
               still
               to
               the
               water
               .
               At
               which
               sight
               thinking
               that
               what
               was
               now
               offered
               by
               the
               Providence
               of
               the
               Gods
               ,
               was
               to
               be
               followed
               ,
               being
               himself
               otherwise
               very
               skilful
               in
               Religious
               Interpretations
               ,
               he
               desired
               of
               the
               Multitude
               that
               came
               to
               his
               aid
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               be
               conducted
               to
               the
               Sea
               :
               and
               so
               getting
               aboard
               a
               little
               Ship
               ,
               he
               sailed
               into
               Africk
               ,
               and
               so
               avoided
               the
               Victorious
               Arms
               of
               Sylla
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               Pompey
               the
               Great
               at
               the
               Battel
               of
               Pharsalia
               being
               overthrown
               by
               C●esar
               ,
               and
               seeking
               to
               save
               himself
               by
               fligh●
               ,
               directed
               his
               Course
               to
               the
               Island
               of
               Cyprus
               ,
               to
               gather
               more
               Forces
               there
               ;
               and
               approaching
               the
               City
               of
               Paphot
               ,
               and
               viewing
               a
               stately
               Edifice
               ,
               he
               asked
               the
               Pilot
               the
               name
               of
               it
               ;
               who
               answering
               ,
               That
               it
               was
               called
               
                 Kings
                 Evil
              
               ,
               presently
               lost
               all
               that
               little
               hope
               which
               he
               had
               remaining
               :
               nor
               could
               he
               dissemble
               it
               ;
               turning
               his
               head
               another
               way
               ,
               and
               weeping
               ,
               betray'd
               the
               grief
               which
               he
               conceived
               from
               so
               dire
               an
               Omen
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               To
               
                 M.
                 Brutus
              
               an
               Event
               befitting
               the
               Murther
               
               which
               he
               had
               committed
               ,
               was
               designed
               him
               by
               an
               Omen
               :
               For
               after
               that
               wicked
               deed
               ,
               as
               he
               was
               celebrating
               his
               Birth-day
               ,
               and
               studying
               for
               some
               convenient
               Greek
               Verse
               ,
               by
               accident
               he
               pitched
               upon
               one
               in
               Hem.
               
            
             
               Me
               cruel
               Fate
               and
               Son
               of
               fair
               Latona
               slew
               .
            
             
               Which
               God
               being
               by
               Caesar
               and
               Antonius
               given
               for
               the
               Signe
               ,
               seemed
               as
               it
               were
               to
               be
               the
               occasion
               of
               his
               overthrow
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               With
               such
               a
               strange
               Ejaculation
               ,
               the
               Fortune
               of
               Cassius
               amazed
               his
               ears
               ,
               who
               when
               the
               Rhodians
               begg'd
               of
               him
               that
               they
               might
               not
               be
               deprived
               of
               all
               the
               Images
               of
               the
               Gods
               ,
               made
               answer
               ,
               That
               he
               had
               left
               the
               Sun
               :
               for
               having
               lost
               the
               Field
               in
               Macedon
               ,
               he
               was
               not
               onely
               forced
               to
               leave
               the
               Effigies
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               which
               he
               had
               granted
               them
               as
               suppliants
               ,
               but
               also
               the
               Sun
               it self
               .
            
             
               9.
               
               Worthy
               of
               remark
               is
               that
               Omen
               under
               which
               Petillius
               fell
               in
               the
               Ligurian
               War
               :
               for
               being
               to
               assail
               a
               Mountain
               that
               was
               called
               Letho
               ,
               he
               boasted
               in
               his
               Exhortation
               to
               his
               Souldiers
               ,
               saying
               ,
               
                 This
                 day
                 I
                 will
                 take
              
               Lethum
               or
               Hell
               :
               And
               fighting
               inconsiderately
               ,
               confirmed
               by
               his
               death
               the
               truth
               of
               his
               fortuitous
               Speech
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 To
                 our
                 own
                 ,
                 we
                 may
                 adde
                 two
                 Forraign
                 Ex●mples
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 nature
                 .
                 The
                 Samians
                 when
                 the
                 Prienenses
                 sent
                 to
                 them
                 for
                 aid
                 against
                 the
                 Carians
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 Ships
                 and
                 Men
                 ,
                 puffed
                 with
                 Arrogance
                 ,
                 sent
                 them
                 a
                 little
                 Skiff
                 ;
                 which
                 the
                 Samians
                 interpreting
                 as
                 an
                 Aid
                 sent
                 from
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 willingly
                 received
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 a
                 true
                 Prediction
                 of
                 the
                 Fates
                 ,
                 found
                 her
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Captain
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 .
              
               
               
                 2.
                 
                 Nor
                 did
                 the
                 Apolloniates
                 repent
                 ;
                 for
                 being
                 press'd
                 by
                 the
                 Il●yrian
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 craving
                 aid
                 of
                 the
                 Epidamnians
                 ,
                 they
                 answered
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   they
                   would
                   lend
                   the
                   River
                
                 Aeas
                 ,
                 
                   running
                   by
                   the
                   Walls
                   ,
                   to
                   their
                   assistance
                   .
                
                 They
                 replied
                 ,
                 
                   We
                   accept
                   your
                   Gift
                
                 :
                 and
                 so
                 gave
                 the
                 River
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 their
                 Captain
                 .
                 After
                 which
                 having
                 unexpectedly
                 vanquish'd
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 attributing
                 the
                 success
                 to
                 the
                 accepting
                 the
                 Omen
                 ,
                 thenceforward
                 they
                 sacrificed
                 to
                 Aeas
                 as
                 a
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 him
                 their
                 Captain
                 in
                 all
                 their
                 Battels
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               VI.
               Of
               Prodigies
               .
            
             
               
                 Which
                 fell
                 out
                 among
                 the
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 To
                 Servius
                 Tullius
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Lucius
                 Marcius
                 Centurion
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 
                   People
                   of
                
                 Rome
                 and
                 Veientines
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 L.
                 Salla
                 Pro-C●nsul
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 
                   The
                   people
                   of
                
                 Rome
                 
                   at
                   di●ers
                   times
                
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 C.
                 Flaminius
                 Consul
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 C.
                 Hostilius
                 Mancinus
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 T.
                 Gracchus
                 Pro-Consul
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 M.
                 Claudius
                 Marcellus
                 Consul
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 Cn.
                 Octavius
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 M.
                 Licinius
                 Crassus
                 ,
                 Pro-Consul
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 Cn.
                 Pompey
                 
                   the
                   Great
                
                 .
              
               
                 13.
                 
                 Julius
                 Caesar
                 Dictator
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Xerxes
                 
                   King
                   of
                
                 Persia.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Midas
                 
                   King
                   of
                
                 Phrygia
                 ,
                 
                   an
                   Infant
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Plato
                 
                   the
                   Philosopher
                   ,
                   an
                   Infant
                
                 .
              
            
             
               OF
               Prodigies
               also
               ,
               whether
               prosperous
               or
               unlucky
               ,
               it
               is
               no
               way
               from
               our
               purpose
               to
               discourse
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               While
               
                 Servius
                 Tullius
              
               was
               an
               Infant
               and
               asleep
               ,
               his
               Attendants
               b●held
               a
               flame
               upon
               his
               head
               ;
               which
               Prodigy
               Tanaquil
               the
               Wife
               of
               
                 Tarquinius
                 Priscus
              
               admiring
               ,
               
               she
               brought
               up
               Servius
               ,
               who
               was
               the
               Son
               of
               a
               Servant
               ,
               instead
               of
               her
               own
               Son
               ,
               and
               advanced
               him
               to
               the
               Throne
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Equal
               happiness
               in
               Event
               did
               that
               flame
               promise
               which
               blaz'd
               upon
               the
               head
               of
               
                 Lucius
                 Marcius
              
               ,
               Captain
               of
               the
               two
               Armies
               ,
               which
               the
               deaths
               of
               P.
               and
               Cn.
               Scipio's
               had
               much
               weakned
               in
               Spain
               ,
               while
               he
               was
               speaking
               to
               his
               Souldiers
               :
               for
               upon
               the
               sight
               of
               that
               ,
               the
               Souldiers
               before
               fearful
               ,
               now
               encouraged
               to
               recover
               their
               wonted
               Fortitude
               ,
               with
               the
               slaughter
               of
               38000
               men
               ,
               and
               a
               great
               number
               of
               Prisoners
               ,
               they
               took
               two
               Camps
               of
               the
               Carthaginians
               crammed
               with
               spoil
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Also
               when
               after
               a
               long
               and
               sharp
               War
               the
               Veii
               could
               not
               be
               taken
               ,
               though
               besieg'd
               within
               their
               own
               Walls
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               delay
               was
               no
               less
               terrible
               to
               the
               besiegers
               than
               the
               besieged
               ,
               the
               Gods
               themselves
               open'd
               the
               way
               to
               an
               unexpected
               Victory
               :
               ●or
               on
               a
               sudden
               the
               Lake
               Albanus
               ,
               neither
               augmented
               by
               any
               showers
               ,
               nor
               assisted
               by
               the
               inundation
               of
               any
               other
               S●ream
               ,
               rose
               far
               above
               its
               usual
               hight
               .
               To
               know
               the
               reason
               whereof
               ,
               Messengers
               were
               sent
               to
               the
               Oracle
               at
               Delphos
               ,
               who
               brought
               for
               answer
               ,
               
                 That
                 they
                 should
                 let
                 the
                 waters
                 that
                 over-swelled
                 the
                 Lake
                 into
                 the
                 Fields
                 :
                 For
                 so
                 the
              
               Veii
               
                 would
                 come
                 into
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 the
              
               Romans
               .
               Which
               before
               the
               Messengers
               could
               bring
               back
               ,
               a
               Southsayer
               of
               the
               Veii
               ,
               take●
               by
               one
               of
               our
               Souldiers
               and
               brought
               into
               the
               Camp
               ,
               had
               also
               declared
               ;
               so
               that
               the
               Senate
               doubly
               admonished
               ,
               both
               obey'd
               the
               Gods
               ,
               and
               got
               possession
               of
               the
               City
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               Nor
               was
               this
               which
               follows
               an
               Omen
               of
               bad
               success
               :
               
                 Lucius
                 Sulla
              
               Pro-Consul
               in
               the
               Confederate
               War
               ,
               while
               he
               was
               sacrificing
               before
               the
               Pretorium
               in
               the
               Country
               of
               Nolas
               ,
               on
               a
               sudden
               beheld
               a
               Snake
               glide
               from
               the
               lower
               part
               of
               the
               Altar
               ;
               at
               the
               sight
               whereof
               ,
               by
               the
               advice
               of
               Posthumus
               the
               Southsayer
               ,
               he
               led
               forth
               his
               Army
               ,
               and
               
               got
               the
               strong
               Camp
               of
               the
               Samnites
               :
               which
               Victory
               was
               the
               first
               ●oundation
               and
               step
               to
               his
               future
               greatness
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Chiefly
               to
               be
               admired
               are
               those
               Prodigies
               which
               hapned
               in
               our
               City
               ,
               
                 P.
                 Volumnius
              
               and
               
                 Ser.
                 Sulpitius
              
               being
               Consuls
               .
               And
               Ox
               his
               Lowing
               being
               chang'd
               into
               Humane
               Speech
               ,
               exercised
               the
               minds
               of
               all
               people
               with
               the
               strangeness
               of
               the
               Accident
               .
               Little
               pieces
               of
               Flesh
               also
               fell
               like
               showers
               of
               Rain
               from
               the
               Sky
               ,
               of
               which
               a
               great
               part
               was
               devoured
               by
               the
               Birds
               ;
               the
               rest
               lay
               many
               days
               upon
               the
               ground
               ,
               neither
               offensive
               to
               the
               smell
               ,
               nor
               irksome
               to
               the
               sight
               :
            
             
               At
               the
               beginning
               of
               another
               Tumult
               ,
               Monsters
               of
               the
               same
               nature
               were
               to
               be
               seen
               .
               A
               Childe
               of
               half
               a
               year
               old
               in
               the
               Cow-market
               ,
               proclaimed
               a
               Triumph
               .
               Another
               Childe
               was
               born
               with
               an
               Elephants
               head
               .
            
             
               In
               Picenum
               it
               rain'd
               Stones
               .
               In
               Gaul
               a
               Woolf
               came
               and
               took
               a
               Sword
               out
               of
               the
               Centinels
               Scabbard
               .
               Bloody
               Ears
               of
               Corn
               dropt
               among
               the
               Sheaves
               ,
               as
               men
               were
               reaping
               neer
               Antium
               .
               The
               Waters
               of
               Cerite
               were
               mix'd
               with
               Bloud
               .
               And
               before
               the
               second
               Punick
               War
               ,
               an
               Ox
               was
               heard
               to
               speak
               ,
               
                 Look
                 to
                 thy self
                 ,
                 O
              
               Rome
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               
                 Caius
                 Flaminius
              
               being
               inauspiciously
               made
               Cons●l
               ,
               when
               he
               was
               preparing
               to
               fight
               with
               Hannibal
               at
               the
               Lake
               of
               Thrasymene
               ,
               commanded
               the
               Ensignes
               to
               be
               taken
               up
               ,
               when
               immediately
               his
               Horse
               stumbling
               ,
               he
               was
               thrown
               to
               the
               ground
               and
               pitched
               upon
               his
               head
               :
               and
               nothing
               r●garding
               this
               Prodigy
               ,
               when
               the
               Ensigne-bearers
               told
               him
               they
               could
               not
               stir
               the
               Ensignes
               ,
               threatned
               to
               punish
               um
               if
               they
               did
               not
               dig
               um
               out
               .
               But
               of
               this
               rashness
               of
               his
               ,
               would
               onely
               he
               himself
               ,
               and
               not
               the
               whole
               people
               of
               Rome
               had
               felt
               the
               doleful
               success
               :
               for
               in
               that
               Battel
               15000
               Romans
               were
               slain
               ,
               6000
               taken
               ,
               and
               20000
               put
               to
               flight
               .
               The
               headless
               body
               of
               the
               Consul
               ,
               Hannibal
               sought
               for
               ,
               to
               
               have
               buried
               it
               ,
               who
               had
               done
               what
               in
               him
               lay
               to
               bury
               the
               Roman
               Empire
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               The
               headlong
               obstinacy
               of
               
                 Caius
                 Flaminius
                 ,
                 C.
                 Hostilius
                 Mancinus
              
               followed
               with
               a
               vain
               obstinacy
               ,
               to
               whom
               these
               Prodigies
               hapned
               as
               he
               was
               going
               Consul
               for
               Spain
               .
               Being
               resolv'd
               to
               sacrifice
               at
               Lavinium
               ,
               the
               Pullets
               being
               let
               out
               of
               the
               Bin
               ,
               flew
               to
               the
               neighbouring
               Wood
               ,
               and
               though
               sought
               for
               with
               all
               diligence
               imaginable
               ,
               could
               never
               be
               found
               :
               And
               when
               he
               was
               about
               to
               go
               abroad
               in
               the
               Port
               of
               Hercules
               ,
               whither
               he
               went
               afoot
               ,
               he
               heard
               a
               strange
               Voice
               ,
               crying
               ,
               Stay
               ,
               Mancinus
               :
               With
               which
               affrighted
               ,
               and
               in
               his
               return
               putting
               into
               Genoa
               ,
               and
               there
               going
               aboard
               a
               little
               Boat
               ,
               a
               Snake
               of
               a
               prodigious
               bigness
               appeared
               ,
               and
               suddenly
               vanished
               out
               of
               sight
               .
               Which
               three
               Prodigies
               he
               equalled
               with
               the
               number
               of
               Calamities
               which
               befell
               him
               ;
               and
               unfortunate
               Battel
               ,
               a
               shameful
               Truce
               ,
               and
               a
               most
               dismal
               Surrender
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               The
               sad
               Event
               of
               Gracchus
               ,
               a
               most
               dangerous
               Citizen
               ,
               who
               being
               an
               inconsiderate
               person
               ,
               and
               being
               forewarn'd
               ,
               would
               take
               no
               advice
               or
               counsel
               ,
               makes
               his
               rashness
               less
               to
               be
               wondered
               at
               :
               For
               when
               being
               Pro-Consul
               ,
               he
               was
               sacrificing
               among
               the
               Lucaus
               ,
               two
               Snakes
               on
               a
               sudden
               creeping
               out
               of
               some
               hidden
               place
               ,
               having
               eaten
               the
               Liver
               of
               the
               Beast
               which
               he
               had
               sacrificed
               ,
               retir'd
               to
               their
               lurking
               holes
               .
               And
               whereas
               by
               reason
               of
               this
               accident
               the
               Sacrifice
               was
               renew'd
               ,
               the
               same
               Prodigy
               happen'd
               again
               .
               The
               third
               Sacrifice
               being
               slain
               ,
               and
               the
               Entrails
               more
               diligently
               lookt
               to
               ,
               neither
               could
               the
               Serpents
               be
               driven
               away
               when
               they
               came
               ,
               not
               be
               hinder'd
               in
               their
               flight
               ;
               which
               though
               as
               the
               Southsayers
               affirm'd
               ,
               it
               signified
               that
               the
               General
               was
               to
               be
               careful
               of
               his
               own
               safety
               ,
               yet
               was
               not
               Gracchus
               so
               careful
               ,
               but
               that
               by
               the
               treachery
               of
               Flavius
               ,
               at
               whose
               house
               he
               lay
               ,
               he
               was
               drawn
               to
               a
               place
               where
               Mago
               hid
               himself
               with
               an
               armed
               power
               ,
               who
               slew
               him
               naked
               and
               without
               defence
               .
            
             
             
               9.
               
               The
               misfortune
               of
               the
               Consuls
               ,
               equal
               Errour
               ,
               and
               an
               end
               not
               differing
               from
               that
               of
               
                 Titus
                 Gracchus
              
               ,
               draws
               me
               to
               the
               memory
               of
               Marcellus
               .
               He
               inflam'd
               with
               the
               glory
               of
               having
               taken
               Syracuse
               ,
               and
               first
               of
               any
               driven
               Hannibal
               from
               the
               Walls
               of
               Nola
               ,
               having
               resolv'd
               either
               to
               overthrow
               the
               Carthaginians
               ,
               or
               at
               leaft
               to
               drive
               um
               out
               of
               Italy
               ;
               and
               to
               that
               end
               purposing
               with
               a
               most
               solemn
               Sacrifice
               to
               inquire
               into
               the
               will
               and
               pleasure
               of
               the
               Gods
               ;
               The
               first
               Beast
               that
               was
               slain
               before
               the
               fire
               ,
               the
               Liver
               was
               found
               without
               a
               head
               ;
               the
               next
               had
               a
               Liver
               with
               a
               double
               head
               :
               which
               being
               view'd
               ,
               the
               Southsayer
               with
               a
               sad
               countenance
               said
               ,
               
                 That
                 the
                 Entrails
                 did
                 not
                 please
                 him
                 :
              
               the
               first
               were
               altogether
               bad
               ,
               the
               second
               were
               not
               so
               good
               .
               Thus
               Marcellus
               being
               admonish'd
               not
               to
               do
               any
               thing
               rashly
               ,
               the
               next
               night
               adventuring
               to
               go
               out
               with
               a
               few
               men
               to
               view
               the
               Enemies
               Camp
               ,
               environ'd
               by
               a
               multitude
               of
               his
               Enemies
               in
               the
               Country
               of
               the
               Brutii
               ,
               by
               his
               death
               occ●sion'd
               much
               sorrow
               and
               detriment
               to
               his
               Country
               .
            
             
               10.
               
               As
               for
               Octavius
               the
               Consul
               ,
               as
               he
               feared
               a
               most
               dire●ul
               Omen
               ,
               so
               he
               could
               not
               avoid
               it
               ;
               sor
               finding
               the
               head
               of
               the
               Image
               of
               Apoll●
               brok●n
               ,
               and
               so
               pitch'd
               in
               the
               ground
               that
               it
               could
               not
               be
               pull'd
               up
               ,
               being
               at
               that
               time
               in
               Arms
               against
               his
               Colleague
               Cinna
               ,
               he
               from
               th●nce
               progno●●●cated
               his
               own
               ruine
               ;
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               which
               fear
               he
               came
               to
               a
               sad
               end
               ,
               and
               then
               the
               fix'd
               head
               of
               the
               Image
               was
               easily
               set
               in
               its
               place
               .
            
             
               11.
               
               Nor
               must
               we
               pass
               over
               in
               silence
               
                 Marcus
                 Crassus
              
               ,
               who
               is
               to
               be
               reckon'd
               one
               of
               the
               greatest
               losses
               of
               our
               Empire
               ,
               who
               was
               warn'd
               by
               many
               and
               most
               remarkable
               blows
               of
               Fate
               ,
               before
               so
               great
               a
               ruine
               .
            
             
               As
               he
               was
               drawing
               his
               Army
               out
               of
               Carrae
               against
               the
               Parthians
               ,
               he
               had
               a
               mourning
               Garment
               brought
               him
               ;
               whereas
               they
               should
               have
               brought
               him
               either
               a
               white
               or
               a
               purple
               Robe
               ,
               when
               he
               was
               going
               to
               battle
               .
               
               The
               Souldiers
               march'd
               sad
               and
               silent
               to
               their
               places
               ,
               whereas
               they
               were
               wont
               to
               run
               with
               loud
               acclamations
               :
               One
               of
               the
               Eagles
               could
               scarcely
               be
               pull'd
               up
               out
               of
               the
               ground
               ;
               the
               other
               being
               pull'd
               up
               ,
               turn'd
               it self
               the
               quite
               contrary
               way
               to
               which
               it
               ought
               to
               have
               been
               carried
               .
               These
               Prodigies
               were
               very
               great
               ,
               but
               the
               Calamities
               of
               the
               overthrow
               were
               far
               greater
               ;
               the
               slaughter
               of
               so
               many
               fair
               Legions
               ,
               so
               many
               Ensignes
               ,
               so
               much
               of
               the
               glory
               and
               beauty
               of
               the
               Roman
               Militia
               trodden
               to
               the
               ground
               by
               the
               Horse-men
               of
               the
               Barbarians
               ,
               hopeful
               Young
               men
               besprinkled
               with
               the
               bloud
               of
               their
               Parents
               ,
               and
               the
               body
               of
               their
               Commander
               among
               the
               promiscuous
               heaps
               of
               the
               Slain
               ,
               thrown
               a
               common
               Prey
               to
               the
               Fowls
               of
               the
               air
               .
               I
               wish
               I
               could
               speak
               what
               were
               more
               delightful
               ;
               I
               relate
               the
               truth
               .
               Thus
               the
               Gods
               contemn'd
               become
               furious
               in
               their
               Anger
               ;
               thus
               the
               Counsels
               of
               men
               are
               chastized
               ,
               when
               they
               think
               to
               outbrave
               Celestial
               Admonishments
               .
            
             
               12.
               
               For
               the
               mighty
               Iove
               had
               abundantly
               warn'd
               
                 Cn.
                 Pompey
              
               ,
               that
               he
               should
               not
               try
               the
               utmost
               hazard
               of
               War
               with
               Caesar
               ,
               casting
               his
               Lightning
               full
               in
               the
               faces
               o●
               his
               Battalions
               marching
               from
               Dyrrachium
               ,
               covering
               his
               Ensigns
               with
               swarms
               of
               Bees
               ,
               affrighting
               his
               whole
               Army
               with
               Nocturnal
               Terrours
               ,
               and
               the
               flight
               of
               the
               Sacrifices
               from
               the
               Altars
               :
               But
               the
               Laws
               of
               invincible
               necessity
               would
               not
               suffer
               a
               mind
               ,
               otherwise
               remote
               enough
               from
               folly
               ,
               to
               weigh
               those
               Prodigies
               with
               a
               due
               consideration
               .
               And
               therefore
               while
               he
               extols
               his
               large
               Power
               ,
               his
               Wealth
               above
               private
               use
               ,
               and
               all
               those
               Ornaments
               which
               from
               his
               Youth
               he
               had
               contracted
               even
               to
               Envy
               ,
               in
               the
               space
               of
               one
               day
               he
               lost
               um
               all
               .
               In
               the
               Temples
               of
               the
               Gods
               ,
               the
               Statues
               turn'd
               of
               themselves
               .
               Such
               a
               noise
               of
               men
               shouting
               ,
               such
               clattering
               of
               Arms
               ,
               was
               heard
               at
               Antiochia
               and
               Ptolemais
               ,
               that
               the
               Souldiers
               ran
               to
               the
               Walls
               :
               
               Such
               a
               noise
               of
               Drums
               in
               the
               most
               secret
               places
               of
               Pergamus
               :
               in
               the
               Temple
               of
               Victory
               a
               Palm
               suddenly
               sprang
               up
               under
               the
               Statue
               of
               Caesar
               ,
               in
               the
               Pavement
               between
               the
               Stones
               .
               Whereby
               it
               is
               plain
               that
               the
               Gods
               did
               favour
               Caesar
               ,
               and
               fain
               would
               have
               recover'd
               Pompey
               out
               of
               his
               Errour
               .
            
             
               13.
               
               To
               thy
               Altars
               and
               most
               Holy
               Temples
               I
               address
               my self
               ,
               most
               Divine
               Iulius
               ,
               that
               thou
               would'st
               favourably
               suffer
               the
               falls
               of
               so
               many
               great
               men
               to
               lie
               hid
               under
               the
               defence
               and
               tuition
               of
               thy
               Example
               :
               for
               we
               read
               that
               thou
               ,
               the
               same
               day
               thou
               sat'st
               in
               the
               Golden
               Seat
               clothed
               with
               Purple
               ,
               that
               thou
               might'st
               not
               seem
               to
               have
               despised
               the
               honours
               which
               the
               Senate
               had
               with
               so
               much
               diligence
               designed
               ,
               and
               with
               so
               much
               duty
               offered
               ,
               before
               thou
               would'st
               publickly
               shew
               thy
               wish'd-for
               presence
               to
               the
               people
               ,
               didst
               spend
               some
               time
               in
               that
               religious
               worship
               which
               was
               shortly
               to
               be
               given
               to
               thee
               ;
               and
               offering
               a
               fat
               Ox
               which
               wanted
               a
               heart
               ,
               the
               Southsayer
               told
               thee
               ,
               the
               Omen
               concern'd
               thy
               life
               ,
               and
               care
               of
               thy
               own
               preservation
               :
               Then
               was
               that
               Murther
               committed
               by
               those
               persons
               ,
               who
               while
               they
               sough●
               to
               ravish
               thee
               from
               the
               number
               of
               Men
               ,
               translated
               thee
               to
               the
               number
               of
               the
               Gods.
               
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 us
                 conclude
                 the
                 Domestick
                 Relation
                 of
                 such
                 Prodigies
                 with
                 this
                 Example
                 ,
                 lest
                 by
                 dilating
                 farther
                 upon
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 I
                 should
                 seem
                 to
                 transfer
                 disagreeing
                 Customs
                 from
                 the
                 Tem●les
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 to
                 private
                 Habitations
                 :
                 I
                 shall
                 therefore
                 touch
                 upon
                 Forraign
                 Presidents
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 related
                 in
                 Latine
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 of
                 less
                 authority
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 bring
                 with
                 them
                 something
                 of
                 a
                 grateful
                 variety
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 In
                 the
                 Army
                 of
                 Xerxes
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 amassed
                 up
                 against
                 Greece
                 ,
                 a
                 Mare
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 have
                 brought
                 forth
                 a
                 
                 Hare
                 ,
                 b●fore
                 the
                 Army
                 had
                 yet
                 pass'd
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Athos
                 :
                 by
                 which
                 kind
                 of
                 montrous
                 birth
                 ,
                 the
                 event
                 of
                 such
                 vast
                 preparations
                 was
                 plainly
                 shewed
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 that
                 had
                 covered
                 the
                 Sea
                 with
                 his
                 Fleets
                 ,
                 the
                 Land
                 with
                 his
                 Armies
                 ,
                 was
                 forc'd
                 ,
                 like
                 the
                 most
                 ●imorous
                 Animal
                 ,
                 with
                 shameful
                 flight
                 to
                 recover
                 his
                 own
                 Kingdom
                 .
              
               
                 Before
                 he
                 had
                 ruin'd
                 Athens
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 advising
                 how
                 to
                 invade
                 Lacedaemon
                 ,
                 a
                 most
                 wonderful
                 Prodigy
                 hapned
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 at
                 supper
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Wine
                 being
                 poured
                 forth
                 into
                 the
                 Cup
                 ,
                 more
                 than
                 once
                 ,
                 twice
                 ,
                 or
                 thrice
                 ,
                 nay
                 a
                 fourth
                 time
                 ,
                 was
                 changed
                 into
                 Blood.
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Magi
                 being
                 consulted
                 ,
                 advised
                 him
                 to
                 desist
                 from
                 his
                 purpose
                 .
                 And
                 had
                 he
                 had
                 the
                 least
                 footstep
                 of
                 Reason
                 in
                 his
                 vain
                 breast
                 ,
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 prevented
                 his
                 ruine
                 ,
                 being
                 so
                 often
                 warn'd
                 to
                 take
                 heed
                 of
                 Leouidas
                 and
                 the
                 Spartans
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 While
                 Midas
                 ,
                 to
                 whose
                 Scepter
                 all
                 Phrygia
                 once
                 was
                 subject
                 ,
                 was
                 a
                 child
                 ,
                 a
                 company
                 of
                 Ants
                 laid
                 a
                 heap
                 of
                 Wheat
                 in
                 his
                 mouth
                 as
                 he
                 lay
                 asleep
                 .
                 His
                 Parents
                 desiring
                 to
                 know
                 what
                 the
                 meaning
                 of
                 the
                 Prodigy
                 should
                 be
                 ,
                 the
                 Augurs
                 answered
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 the
                 richest
                 of
                 all
                 men
                 :
                 Nor
                 was
                 the
                 Prediction
                 vain
                 ;
                 for
                 Midas
                 exceeded
                 all
                 the
                 Princes
                 of
                 his
                 time
                 ,
                 in
                 plenty
                 of
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 I
                 should
                 have
                 by
                 right
                 and
                 deservedly
                 preferr'd
                 
                 Plato's
                 Bees
                 before
                 
                 Midas's
                 Emmets
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 were
                 onely
                 Prognostications
                 of
                 frail
                 and
                 fading
                 ,
                 these
                 of
                 solid
                 and
                 eternal
                 Felicity
                 ;
                 while
                 they
                 brought
                 Honey
                 and
                 laid
                 it
                 upon
                 the
                 lips
                 of
                 the
                 little
                 Infant
                 ,
                 sleeping
                 in
                 his
                 Cradle
                 .
                 Which
                 thing
                 being
                 reported
                 ,
                 the
                 Interpreters
                 of
                 Prodigies
                 declared
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   a
                   most
                   singular
                   grace
                   of
                   Vlt●rance
                   should
                   hereafter
                   drop
                   from
                   his
                   mouth
                   .
                
                 But
                 to
                 me
                 those
                 Bees
                 ,
                 not
                 bred
                 upon
                 Hymettus
                 cover'd
                 with
                 fragrant
                 flowers
                 of
                 Thyme
                 ,
                 but
                 on
                 the
                 verdant
                 Hiliconian
                 Hills
                 of
                 the
                 Muses
                 ,
                 flourishing
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 learning
                 ,
                 seem'd
                 to
                 distil
                 into
                 his
                 mouth
                 the
                 sweetest
                 nourishment
                 of
                 Eloquence
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VII
               .
               of
               Dreams
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Artorious
                 
                   Physician
                   to
                
                 Augustus
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Calpurnia
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 P.
                 Decii
                 ,
                 T.
                 Manlii
                 Consul
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Of
                 T.
                 Atinius
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Cicero
                 
                   in
                   Exile
                
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 C.
                 Sempronius
                 Gracchus
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Cassius
                 Parmensis
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Arterius
                 Rufus
                 
                   a
                   Roman
                   Knight
                
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Annibal
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Alexander
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Simonides
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Croesus
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Cyrus
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Himera
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Mother
                   of
                
                 Dion
                 .
                 Tyrant
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Amilcar
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 Alcibiades
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 An
                 Arcadian
                 .
              
            
             
               NOw
               because
               I
               have
               touched
               upon
               the
               Riches
               of
               Midas
               ,
               and
               the
               Eloquence
               of
               Plato
               ,
               I
               will
               shew
               you
               how
               the
               quiet
               and
               safety
               of
               many
               men
               has
               been
               shadowed
               out
               under
               several
               representations
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               And
               where
               shall
               I
               sooner
               begin
               ,
               than
               from
               the
               most
               sacred
               memory
               of
               Divine
               Augustus
               ?
               His
               Physician
               Artorius
               being
               asleep
               ,
               the
               night
               before
               the
               day
               wherein
               the
               Romans
               fought
               one
               against
               the
               other
               in
               the
               fields
               of
               Philippi
               ,
               the
               appearance
               of
               Minerva
               admonish'd
               him
               to
               warn
               Augustus
               ,
               then
               lying
               very
               ill
               ,
               that
               notwithstanding
               his
               sickness
               he
               should
               not
               abstain
               from
               the
               Battel
               :
               Which
               Caesar
               hearing
               ,
               caus'd
               himself
               to
               be
               carried
               in
               a
               Litter
               into
               the
               Field
               ,
               where
               ,
               while
               he
               laboured
               above
               his
               strength
               for
               the
               Victory
               ,
               his
               Camp
               was
               taken
               by
               Brutus
               ▪
               What
               other
               〈◊〉
               we
               think
               then
               ,
               
               but
               the
               Divine
               Benevolence
               so
               ordain'd
               it
               ,
               that
               a
               personage
               destined
               to
               immortality
               ,
               should
               not
               be
               subject
               to
               a
               Fate
               unworthy
               his
               Divinity
               ?
            
             
               2.
               
               Nor
               was
               it
               onely
               the
               Dream
               of
               Artorius
               that
               gave
               warning
               to
               Augustus
               ,
               who
               had
               a
               natural
               perspicacity
               and
               vigour
               to
               judge
               of
               every
               thing
               ,
               as
               a
               fresh
               and
               domestick
               President
               :
               For
               he
               had
               heard
               that
               Calpurnia
               the
               Wife
               of
               his
               Parent
               Iulius
               ,
               the
               last
               night
               that
               he
               lived
               upon
               earth
               ,
               dream'd
               that
               she
               saw
               her
               Husband
               lie
               stabbed
               and
               bleeding
               in
               her
               bosom
               ;
               and
               being
               affrighted
               with
               the
               strangeness
               of
               the
               Dream
               ,
               was
               an
               earnest
               suiter
               to
               him
               to
               abstain
               from
               going
               to
               the
               Senate
               the
               next
               day
               :
               but
               he
               ,
               lest
               he
               should
               have
               been
               thought
               to
               have
               been
               mov'd
               with
               a
               womans
               dream
               ,
               went
               the
               rather
               to
               the
               Senate-house
               ,
               where
               the
               Murtherers
               quickly
               laid
               violent
               hands
               upon
               him
               .
               It
               is
               not
               needful
               to
               make
               any
               comparison
               between
               the
               Father
               and
               the
               Son
               ,
               both
               equal
               in
               their
               Divinity
               :
               for
               the
               one
               had
               made
               way
               for
               himself
               to
               Heaven
               by
               his
               own
               works
               ,
               the
               other
               was
               to
               let
               the
               world
               enjoy
               his
               Vertues
               a
               long
               time
               .
               Therefore
               the
               Gods
               were
               onely
               willing
               that
               the
               first
               should
               know
               the
               approaching
               change
               ,
               which
               the
               other
               was
               to
               defer
               ;
               it
               being
               enough
               that
               one
               Honour
               should
               be
               given
               to
               Heaven
               ,
               and
               another
               promised
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Admirable
               also
               was
               that
               Dream
               ,
               and
               famous
               in
               the
               Event
               ,
               which
               the
               two
               Consuls
               
                 Decius
                 Mus
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Monlius
                 Torquatus
              
               dream'd
               ,
               when
               they
               lay
               incamped
               not
               far
               from
               the
               foot
               of
               the
               Mountain
               Vesuvius
               ,
               at
               the
               time
               of
               the
               Latin
               War
               ,
               which
               was
               very
               sharp
               and
               dangerous
               :
               For
               a
               certain
               person
               foretold
               to
               both
               of
               them
               ,
               that
               the
               Manes
               and
               
                 Terra
                 Mater
              
               claim'd
               as
               their
               due
               the
               General
               of
               one
               side
               ,
               and
               the
               whole
               Army
               on
               the
               other
               :
               But
               that
               which
               Captain
               soever
               should
               assail
               the
               forces
               of
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               and
               devote
               himself
               a
               Victim
               for
               the
               good
               of
               his
               Army
               ,
               should
               obtain
               the
               Victory
               .
               
               This
               the
               Entrails
               of
               the
               Sacrifices
               confirmed
               the
               next
               mo●ning
               to
               both
               Consuls
               ,
               who
               endeavoured
               either
               to
               expiate
               the
               misfortune
               ,
               if
               it
               might
               be
               averted
               ,
               or
               else
               resolv'd
               to
               undergo
               the
               determination
               of
               the
               Gods.
               Therefore
               they
               agreed
               ,
               that
               which
               Wing
               should
               begin
               to
               faint
               ,
               the
               other
               should
               with
               his
               own
               life
               appease
               the
               Fates
               ;
               which
               while
               both
               undauntedly
               vent●red
               to
               perform
               ,
               Decius
               hapned
               to
               be
               the
               person
               whom
               the
               Gods
               required
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               The
               Dream
               which
               follows
               ,
               seems
               to
               concern
               publick
               Religion
               .
               A
               certain
               Master
               of
               a
               Family
               having
               caused
               his
               Servant
               to
               be
               whipped
               ,
               and
               brought
               him
               to
               the
               punishment
               of
               the
               Fork
               in
               the
               Flaminian
               Circus
               ,
               at
               the
               time
               of
               the
               Plebeian
               Plays
               ,
               a
               little
               before
               the
               Show
               was
               about
               to
               begin
               ,
               Iupiter
               ,
               in
               a
               Dream
               ,
               commanded
               
                 Titus
                 Atinius
              
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               Vulgar
               ,
               to
               tell
               the
               Consuls
               ,
               
                 That
                 he
                 that
                 had
                 done'd
                 before
                 the
                 last
              
               Circensian
               
                 Games
                 ,
                 did
                 no
                 way
                 please
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 unless
                 the
                 fault
                 were
                 expiated
                 by
                 an
                 exact
                 restoration
                 of
                 the
                 Plays
                 ,
                 there
                 would
                 ensue
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 vexation
                 and
                 trouble
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               He
               tearing
               to
               involve
               the
               Common-wealth
               by
               Religion
               to
               his
               own
               disadvantage
               ,
               held
               his
               peace
               .
               Immediately
               his
               Son
               ,
               taken
               with
               a
               sudden
               fit
               of
               sickness
               ,
               died
               .
               Afterwards
               being
               asked
               by
               the
               same
               God
               in
               his
               sleep
               ,
               
                 Whether
                 be
                 thought
                 himself
                 punished
                 enough
                 for
                 the
                 neglect
                 of
                 his
                 Command
                 ?
              
               yet
               remaining
               obstinate
               ,
               was
               strucken
               with
               a
               general
               weakness
               of
               body
               :
               At
               length
               ,
               by
               the
               advice
               of
               his
               friends
               ,
               being
               carried
               in
               a
               Horse-litter
               to
               the
               Consuls
               Tribunal
               ,
               having
               fully
               declared
               the
               cause
               of
               his
               misfortunes
               ,
               to
               the
               admiration
               of
               all
               men
               recovering
               his
               former
               strength
               ,
               he
               walked
               afoot
               to
               his
               house
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Nor
               must
               we
               pass
               over
               in
               silence
               ,
               that
               when
               
                 M.
                 Cicero
              
               was
               banished
               the
               City
               ,
               by
               the
               Conspiracy
               of
               his
               Enemies
               ,
               He
               diverting
               himself
               in
               a
               certain
               Village
               in
               the
               Country
               of
               Atinate
               ,
               and
               falling
               asleep
               in
               the
               field
               ,
               
               as
               he
               thought
               himself
               wandring
               through
               strange
               places
               and
               uncouth
               Regions
               ,
               he
               thought
               he
               met
               
                 C.
                 Marius
              
               in
               his
               Consuls
               Robes
               ,
               who
               asked
               him
               ,
               
                 What
                 he
                 made
                 there
                 wandring
                 with
                 so
                 sad
                 a
                 Countenance
                 ?
              
               Whereupon
               Cicero
               making
               his
               condition
               known
               to
               him
               ,
               the
               Consul
               took
               him
               by
               the
               right
               hand
               and
               delivered
               him
               to
               the
               next
               Lictor
               ,
               to
               conduct
               him
               to
               his
               own
               Monument
               ,
               telling
               him
               ,
               
                 That
                 there
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 more
                 joyful
                 hope
                 of
                 his
                 better
                 condition
                 laid
                 up
                 for
                 him
                 .
              
               Nor
               did
               it
               otherwise
               fall
               out
               ;
               for
               the
               Senate
               made
               a
               Decree
               for
               his
               return
               in
               the
               Temple
               of
               Iupiter
               built
               by
               Marius
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               But
               
                 C.
                 Gracchus
              
               was
               most
               openly
               and
               apparently
               foretold
               ,
               in
               a
               Dream
               ,
               the
               mischief
               of
               an
               approaching
               mischance
               :
               for
               being
               asleep
               ,
               he
               saw
               the
               shape
               of
               his
               Brother
               Titus
               ,
               who
               told
               him
               ,
               
                 There
                 was
                 no
                 way
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 same
                 Fate
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 undergone
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 driven
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Capitol
                 .
              
               This
               many
               related
               from
               the
               mouth
               of
               Gracchus
               himself
               ,
               before
               he
               had
               undertaken
               the
               Tribuneship
               ,
               wherein
               he
               perish'd
               .
               And
               one
               Caelius
               a
               Roman
               Historian
               ,
               said
               ,
               
                 He
                 had
                 heard
                 much
                 talk
                 thereof
                 while
              
               Gracchus
               
                 was
                 living
              
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               But
               that
               which
               follows
               ,
               far
               exceeds
               the
               dire
               Aspect
               of
               the
               foreg●ing
               Narration
               .
               Antonius
               having
               lost
               the
               Battel
               of
               
                 Actium
                 ,
                 Cassius
                 Parmensis
              
               ,
               who
               had
               taken
               his
               part
               ,
               fled
               to
               Athens
               ;
               where
               he
               fell
               asleep
               in
               the
               night
               ,
               being
               tired
               with
               care
               and
               trouble
               :
               He
               thought
               there
               came
               to
               him
               a
               person
               of
               a
               very
               great
               stature
               ,
               black
               Complexion
               ,
               his
               Beard
               deformed
               ,
               and
               long
               hanging
               Hair
               ,
               who
               being
               ask'd
               what
               he
               was
               ,
               answered
               ,
               Cacodaemon
               .
               Being
               affrighted
               with
               so
               horrid
               a
               sight
               ,
               and
               terrible
               a
               name
               ,
               he
               called
               up
               his
               Servants
               ,
               and
               demanded
               of
               them
               if
               they
               saw
               any
               one
               in
               such
               a
               habit
               ,
               either
               come
               in
               or
               go
               out
               of
               the
               Chamber
               :
               Who
               affirming
               that
               no
               such
               had
               come
               there
               ,
               he
               again
               betook
               himself
               to
               his
               rest
               ;
               when
               immediately
               the
               same
               shape
               appeared
               to
               him
               again
               ;
               whe●e
               ●waking
               altogether
               ,
               he
               
               called
               for
               a
               light
               ,
               commanding
               the
               Servants
               to
               depart
               .
               But
               between
               this
               night
               and
               the
               loss
               of
               his
               head
               ,
               which
               Caesar
               took
               from
               him
               ,
               there
               followed
               a
               very
               short
               space
               of
               time
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               But
               the
               Dream
               of
               
                 Aterius
                 Rufus
              
               ,
               a
               Roman
               Knight
               ,
               was
               more
               plainly
               hinted
               to
               him
               :
               for
               he
               dream'd
               one
               night
               ,
               at
               a
               time
               when
               there
               was
               a
               great
               Fencing-prize
               at
               Syracuse
               ,
               that
               he
               saw
               himself
               slain
               :
               which
               he
               told
               the
               next
               day
               to
               those
               that
               sate
               by
               him
               in
               the
               Play-house
               .
               It
               happened
               afterwards
               ,
               that
               neer
               to
               the
               Knights
               place
               ,
               the
               Net-player
               was
               introduced
               with
               the
               Challenger
               ,
               whose
               face
               when
               he
               saw
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               to
               be
               slain
               by
               the
               Net-player
               ;
               and
               immediately
               would
               have
               departed
               .
               They
               endeavouring
               by
               discourse
               to
               put
               away
               his
               fear
               ,
               were
               the
               cause
               of
               the
               destruction
               of
               this
               miserable
               man.
               For
               the
               Net-player
               being
               driven
               thither
               by
               his
               Antagonist
               ,
               and
               cast
               upon
               the
               ground
               ,
               as
               he
               lay
               along
               endeavouring
               to
               defend
               himself
               ,
               he
               ran
               Aterius
               thorough
               the
               body
               with
               his
               Sword.
               
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 EXAMPLES
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Dream
                 also
                 of
                 Annibal
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 detestable
                 to
                 the
                 Roman
                 bloud
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 prediction
                 thereof
                 was
                 certain
                 ,
                 whose
                 waking
                 not
                 onely
                 ,
                 but
                 his
                 sleeping
                 was
                 fatal
                 to
                 our
                 Empire
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 a
                 Dream
                 apposite
                 to
                 his
                 purpose
                 ,
                 and
                 fitted
                 to
                 his
                 wishes
                 :
                 fo●
                 he
                 fancied
                 a
                 young
                 man
                 of
                 humane
                 shape
                 ,
                 taller
                 than
                 ordinary
                 ,
                 was
                 sent
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 Iupiter
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Guide
                 and
                 Conductor
                 in
                 his
                 Invasion
                 of
                 Italy
                 ;
                 by
                 whose
                 command
                 at
                 first
                 he
                 followed
                 his
                 Foot-steps
                 ,
                 without
                 casting
                 his
                 eyes
                 either
                 one
                 way
                 or
                 another
                 :
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 eager
                 desire
                 in
                 mortals
                 to
                 do
                 what
                 is
                 forbidden
                 ,
                 looking
                 behind
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 saw
                 a
                 Serpent
                 of
                 an
                 immense
                 magnitude
                 destroying
                 all
                 before
                 it
                 :
                 After
                 that
                 he
                 beheld
                 prodigious
                 
                 showers
                 of
                 Hall
                 ,
                 with
                 Thunder
                 and
                 dark
                 Clouds
                 .
                 Being
                 astonish'd
                 ,
                 he
                 asked
                 ,
                 
                   What
                   that
                   Monster
                   meant
                
                 ?
                 to
                 which
                 his
                 Conductor
                 ,
                 Behold
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   waste
                   and
                   devastation
                   of
                
                 Italy
                 ;
                 
                   therefore
                   be
                   silent
                   ,
                   and
                   commit
                   the
                   rest
                   to
                   Fate
                   .
                
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 How
                 gently
                 was
                 Alexander
                 King
                 of
                 Macedon
                 warn'd
                 to
                 take
                 more
                 care
                 of
                 his
                 life
                 ,
                 had
                 Fortune
                 advised
                 him
                 so
                 well
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 danger
                 !
                 for
                 he
                 knew
                 that
                 the
                 right
                 hand
                 of
                 Cassander
                 would
                 be
                 mortal
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 long
                 before
                 he
                 felt
                 it
                 by
                 the
                 event
                 :
                 for
                 he
                 believed
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 slain
                 by
                 him
                 ,
                 although
                 he
                 had
                 never
                 seen
                 him
                 .
                 After
                 some
                 time
                 ,
                 upon
                 sight
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 ●eholding
                 the
                 resemblance
                 of
                 his
                 nocturnal
                 fear
                 ,
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 found
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Antipater
                 ,
                 repeating
                 the
                 Greek
                 Verse
                 so
                 much
                 in
                 favour
                 of
                 the
                 credit
                 of
                 dreams
                 ,
                 he
                 banish'd
                 from
                 his
                 thoughts
                 all
                 suspition
                 of
                 the
                 Poyson
                 prepared
                 for
                 him
                 as
                 was
                 publickly
                 believed
                 by
                 Cassander
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 More
                 indulgent
                 were
                 the
                 Gods
                 to
                 the
                 Poet
                 Simonides
                 ,
                 confirming
                 their
                 admonition
                 by
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 repeated
                 advice
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 coming
                 ashore
                 and
                 finding
                 a
                 dead
                 body
                 of
                 a
                 man
                 ,
                 buried
                 it
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 he
                 was
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 body
                 admonished
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 not
                 set
                 sail
                 the
                 next
                 day
                 :
                 which
                 he
                 believing
                 ,
                 staid
                 ashore
                 ,
                 but
                 those
                 that
                 went
                 to
                 Sea
                 were
                 all
                 cast
                 away
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 glad
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 trusted
                 his
                 life
                 to
                 the
                 security
                 of
                 a
                 Dream
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 to
                 the
                 mercy
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 :
                 And
                 being
                 mindful
                 of
                 the
                 benefit
                 receiv'd
                 ,
                 eterniz'd
                 the
                 memory
                 of
                 the
                 person
                 in
                 a
                 living
                 Poem
                 ,
                 raising
                 him
                 up
                 a
                 better
                 Sepulchre
                 in
                 the
                 memories
                 of
                 men
                 ,
                 than
                 that
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 bestowed
                 upon
                 him
                 on
                 the
                 shore
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Of
                 great
                 Efficacy
                 also
                 was
                 that
                 apparition
                 to
                 Craesus
                 in
                 his
                 sleep
                 ,
                 which
                 first
                 occasion'd
                 in
                 him
                 great
                 fear
                 ,
                 afterwards
                 greater
                 grief
                 :
                 For
                 it
                 seemed
                 to
                 him
                 that
                 Atys
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Sons
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 excellent
                 for
                 
                 strength
                 of
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 endowmen●s
                 of
                 Mind
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 design'd
                 Successor
                 ,
                 was
                 violently
                 murder'd
                 .
                 Th●reupon
                 the
                 Young-man
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 were
                 usually
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Wars
                 ,
                 was
                 kept
                 at
                 home
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 also
                 an
                 Armory
                 stor'd
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Weapons
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 was
                 remov'd
                 from
                 him
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 Companions
                 that
                 us'd
                 to
                 go
                 armed
                 :
                 They
                 were
                 also
                 forbid
                 to
                 come
                 near
                 him
                 .
                 Yet
                 Necessity
                 gave
                 access
                 to
                 grief
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 being
                 a
                 Wild-Boar
                 ,
                 of
                 an
                 incredible
                 bigness
                 ,
                 that
                 wasted
                 the
                 till'd
                 fields
                 of
                 Mount
                 Olympus
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 several
                 of
                 the
                 Countrey-people
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Royal
                 aid
                 being
                 implored
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 extorted
                 from
                 his
                 Father
                 leave
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 be
                 sent
                 to
                 deliver
                 the
                 people
                 from
                 their
                 Calamity
                 :
                 which
                 he
                 the
                 more
                 readily
                 granted
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 mischief
                 was
                 not
                 threatned
                 from
                 Teeth
                 ,
                 but
                 from
                 Iron
                 .
                 But
                 while
                 every
                 one
                 was
                 intent
                 and
                 eager
                 in
                 killing
                 the
                 wild
                 beast
                 ,
                 obstinate
                 Destiny
                 p●rsisting
                 in
                 her
                 intended
                 violence
                 ,
                 directed
                 a
                 Spear
                 in●o
                 his
                 Body
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 intended
                 against
                 the
                 Boar
                 ,
                 and
                 chose
                 particularly
                 that
                 the
                 right
                 hand
                 of
                 him
                 should
                 be
                 only
                 guilty
                 of
                 the
                 Murder
                 ,
                 to
                 whose
                 charge
                 and
                 tuition
                 the
                 Father
                 had
                 chiefly
                 committed
                 his
                 Son
                 :
                 which
                 being
                 contaminated
                 with
                 the
                 blood
                 of
                 Chance-medley
                 ,
                 fearing
                 his
                 Country-god
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 prayer
                 of
                 the
                 person
                 ,
                 was
                 repurify'd
                 by
                 Sacrifice
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Neither
                 was
                 Cyrus
                 a
                 small
                 argument
                 of
                 the
                 inevitable
                 necessity
                 of
                 Fate
                 ;
                 whose
                 Birth
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 the
                 Empire
                 of
                 all
                 Asia
                 was
                 promis'd
                 ,
                 Astyages
                 his
                 Grandfather
                 by
                 the
                 Mothers
                 side
                 sought
                 in
                 vain
                 to
                 hinder
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 predictions
                 of
                 a
                 Dream
                 .
                 He
                 married
                 his
                 Daughter
                 Mandane
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 dreamt
                 that
                 she
                 had
                 overwhelm'd
                 all
                 the
                 Nations
                 of
                 Asia
                 with
                 her
                 Urine
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Nobles
                 ,
                 left
                 the
                 Right
                 of
                 Dominion
                 might
                 fall
                 to
                 his
                 family
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 one
                 of
                 a
                 small
                 fortune
                 among
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
                 When
                 Cyrus
                 was
                 born
                 he
                 caus'd
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 expos'd
                 ,
                 having
                 dreamt
                 that
                 a
                 Vine
                 growing
                 
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Secret
                 Parts
                 of
                 Mandane
                 ,
                 should
                 cover
                 all
                 his
                 Dominions
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 was
                 frustrated
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 endeavours
                 and
                 humane
                 Counsels
                 ,
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 hinder
                 the
                 felicity
                 of
                 his
                 Nephew
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Gods
                 had
                 so
                 fully
                 determined
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 While
                 Dionysius
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 liv'd
                 a
                 private
                 life
                 ,
                 Himera
                 ,
                 a
                 wom●n
                 of
                 no
                 mean
                 parentage
                 ,
                 fancied
                 in
                 her
                 Sleep
                 that
                 she
                 ascended
                 into
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 there
                 view'd
                 the
                 Seats
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 saw
                 a
                 strong
                 man
                 yellow-hair'd
                 ,
                 scurfie
                 countenanced
                 ,
                 bound
                 in
                 Iron
                 Chains
                 to
                 the
                 Throne
                 of
                 Iove
                 ,
                 and
                 lying
                 at
                 his
                 feet
                 :
                 and
                 asking
                 a
                 young
                 man
                 who
                 was
                 her
                 guide
                 the
                 meaning
                 thereof
                 ,
                 she
                 was
                 told
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 ill
                 fate
                 of
                 Sicily
                 and
                 Italy
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 his
                 chains
                 should
                 ●e
                 taken
                 off
                 ,
                 many
                 Towns
                 would
                 be
                 ruin'd
                 :
                 which
                 Dream
                 she
                 declared
                 the
                 next
                 day
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 seeing
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 an
                 enemy
                 to
                 the
                 Liberty
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 and
                 the
                 lives
                 of
                 the
                 Innocent
                 ,
                 freed
                 from
                 his
                 Celestial
                 Chains
                 ,
                 entring
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 Himeraei
                 ,
                 she
                 cryed
                 out
                 ,
                 This
                 was
                 he
                 that
                 she
                 had
                 seen
                 in
                 her
                 Dream
                 .
                 Which
                 being
                 related
                 to
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 he
                 caused
                 her
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Safer
                 was
                 the
                 Dream
                 of
                 the
                 Mother
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Dionysius
                 ;
                 who
                 ,
                 when
                 sh●
                 had
                 conceived
                 him
                 ,
                 fancied
                 that
                 she
                 was
                 brought
                 to
                 bed
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 Satyr
                 :
                 and
                 consulting
                 the
                 Interpreter
                 of
                 Prodigies
                 ,
                 she
                 understood
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 the
                 greatest
                 and
                 most
                 powerful
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Greeks
                 of
                 his
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 But
                 Amilcar
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 besieging
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 thought
                 that
                 he
                 heard
                 a
                 voice
                 proclaiming
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 Sup
                 the
                 next
                 day
                 in
                 that
                 City
                 .
                 With
                 great
                 joy
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 Victory
                 were
                 promis'd
                 him
                 from
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 he
                 prepared
                 his
                 Army
                 for
                 the
                 Assault
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 time
                 dissention
                 arising
                 between
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 and
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusans
                 fallied
                 o●t
                 ,
                 took
                 his
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 him
                 bound
                 into
                 the
                 
                 City
                 .
                 Thus
                 deluded
                 by
                 his
                 Hope
                 ,
                 not
                 his
                 Dream
                 ,
                 he
                 supp'd
                 a
                 Captive
                 in
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 not
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 conceiv'd
                 ,
                 a
                 Victor
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 Alcibiades
                 also
                 beheld
                 his
                 lamentable
                 end
                 in
                 a
                 Dream
                 ,
                 no
                 way
                 fallacious
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 slain
                 and
                 unburied
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 covered
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Apparel
                 of
                 his
                 Concubines
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 seen
                 himself
                 cloathed
                 in
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 Sleep
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 The
                 following
                 Dream
                 ,
                 for
                 its
                 manifest
                 certainty
                 ,
                 though
                 somewhat
                 longer
                 ,
                 craves
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 omitted
                 .
                 Two
                 familiar
                 Arcadians
                 travailing
                 togethe●
                 came
                 to
                 Megara
                 ;
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 went
                 to
                 lye
                 at
                 his
                 Friends
                 house
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 at
                 a
                 common
                 Inne
                 .
                 He
                 that
                 lay
                 at
                 his
                 Friends
                 house
                 dreamt
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 heard
                 his
                 companion
                 intreating
                 his
                 help
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 abused
                 by
                 the
                 Innkeeper
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 might
                 prevent
                 by
                 his
                 speedy
                 presence
                 .
                 Leaping
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Bed
                 ,
                 he
                 endeavoured
                 to
                 finde
                 the
                 Inne
                 where
                 his
                 friend
                 lay
                 .
                 But
                 Fate
                 condemning
                 his
                 humane
                 purpose
                 as
                 needless
                 ,
                 and
                 believing
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 heard
                 to
                 be
                 but
                 a
                 Dream
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 to
                 Bed
                 again
                 and
                 to
                 sleep
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 same
                 person
                 came
                 wounded
                 and
                 beseech'd
                 ,
                 that
                 since
                 he
                 had
                 neglected
                 to
                 assist
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 life-time
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 delay
                 to
                 revenge
                 his
                 Death
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 his
                 body
                 slain
                 by
                 the
                 Inne-keeper
                 ,
                 was
                 carrying
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 Gate
                 in
                 a
                 Cart
                 ,
                 cover'd
                 with
                 Dung.
                 His
                 friend
                 ,
                 mov'd
                 by
                 his
                 Prayers
                 ,
                 made
                 haste
                 to
                 the
                 Gate
                 ,
                 and
                 stopt
                 the
                 Cart
                 which
                 was
                 described
                 to
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 sleep
                 ,
                 apprehended
                 the
                 Inne-keeper
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 him
                 to
                 condign
                 punishment
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VIII
               .
               Of
               Miracles
               .
            
             
               
                 Among
                 the
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Castor
                 
                   seen
                   in
                   the
                
                 Latin
                 and
                 Persian
                 Wars
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Esculapius
                 
                   appearing
                   in
                   the
                   shape
                   of
                   a
                   Serpent
                   .
                
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 
                   Words
                   spoken
                   by
                
                 Juno
                 Moneta
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   Words
                   spoken
                   by
                   f●male
                   Fortune
                
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 
                   Words
                   spoken
                   by
                   a
                   Sylvan
                   in
                   the
                   war
                   of
                   the
                
                 Veii
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Mars
                 
                   seen
                   in
                   the
                
                 Lucan
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Penates
                 
                   returning
                   from
                
                 A
                 ba
                 to
                 Lavinium
                 
                   of
                   their
                   own
                   accord
                
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Julius
                 Caesar
                 
                   seen
                   after
                   his
                   death
                
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Sepulchre
                   of
                
                 Pompey
                 
                   miraculously
                   found
                
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Death
                   of
                
                 Appius
                 Claudius
                 ,
                 
                   Pro-Consul
                   ,
                   foretold
                   by
                   a
                   Miracle
                   .
                
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Scepter
                   of
                
                 Romulus
                 
                   and
                   Statues
                   preserved
                   from
                   fire
                
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 
                   Men
                   brought
                   to
                   their
                   graves
                   revive
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Erus
                 Pamphilius
                 
                   reviving
                   after
                   ten
                   daies
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 An
                 Athenian
                 
                   deprived
                   of
                   his
                   Memory
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 
                   A
                   Woman
                   suddenly
                   struck
                   dumb
                
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Egles
                 the
                 Samian
                 
                   dumb
                   suddenly
                   ,
                   recovering
                   his
                   Speech
                   .
                
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Gordi●s
                 the
                 Epirote
                 
                   born
                   after
                   the
                   death
                   of
                   his
                   Mother
                   .
                
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Jason
                 Pheraeus
                 
                   cured
                   of
                   an
                   Impostume
                
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Simonides
                 
                   the
                   Poet
                   escaped
                   the
                   fall
                   of
                   a
                   house
                   .
                
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 
                   The
                   death
                   of
                
                 Daphidas
                 
                   the
                   Sophister
                   foretold
                   by
                   the
                   Oracle
                   .
                
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 
                   The
                   death
                   of
                
                 Philip
                 
                   King
                   of
                
                 Macedon
                 foretold
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 
                   The
                   death
                   of
                
                 Alexander
                 
                   miraculously
                   foretold
                
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 
                   The
                   chance
                   of
                   a
                   Rower
                
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 
                   The
                   strange
                   Teeth
                   of
                   King
                
                 Prusias
                 
                   his
                   Son.
                
                 
              
               
                 13.
                 
                 Drypetine
                 
                   daughter
                   to
                
                 
                 Mith●idates
                 
                   born
                   with
                   a
                   double
                   order
                   of
                   Teeth
                   .
                
              
               
                 14.
                 
                 
                   The
                   accurate
                   Sight
                   of
                
                 Strabo
                 Lynceus
                 .
              
               
                 15.
                 
                 
                   The
                   hairy
                   Heart
                   of
                
                 Aristomedes
                 the
                 Messenian
                 .
              
               
                 16.
                 
                 
                   The
                   annual
                   Fever
                   of
                
                 Antipater
                 
                   the
                   Poet.
                
                 
              
               
                 17.
                 
                 
                   The
                   equality
                   of
                
                 Polystratus
                 and
                 Hippoclides
                 
                   in
                   fortune
                
                 .
              
               
                 18.
                 
                 
                   Mir●cles
                   of
                   Nature
                
                 .
              
               
                 19.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Serpent
                   of
                
                 Regulus
                 .
              
            
             
               MAny
               Accidents
               also
               happen
               to
               men
               awake
               ,
               and
               by
               day
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               those
               which
               are
               involved
               in
               the
               clouds
               of
               darkness
               and
               dreams
               ;
               which
               because
               it
               is
               hard
               to
               understand
               whence
               they
               proceed
               ,
               or
               upon
               what
               reason
               grounded
               ,
               are
               deservedly
               called
               Miracles
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               Among
               the
               great
               multitude
               whereof
               ,
               this
               first
               occurs
               .
               When
               
                 Aulus
                 Posthumius
              
               Dictator
               and
               
                 Manilius
                 Octavius
              
               Captain
               of
               the
               Tuscans
               were
               in
               fight
               with
               great
               forces
               on
               both
               sides
               ,
               at
               the
               Lake
               Regillus
               ,
               and
               that
               for
               some
               time
               neither
               Party
               gave
               ground
               ;
               Castor
               and
               Pollux
               taking
               the
               Romans
               side
               ,
               overthrew
               the
               forces
               of
               the
               Enemy
               .
            
             
               Also
               in
               the
               Macedonian
               War
               ,
               
                 P.
                 Vatinius
              
               a
               Magistrate
               of
               Reate
               returning
               toward
               the
               City
               by
               Night
               ,
               thought
               he
               met
               two
               beautiful
               Men
               sitting
               upon
               white
               Horses
               ,
               who
               told
               him
               ,
               that
               the
               day
               before
               Perseus
               was
               taken
               by
               Aemilius
               .
               Which
               when
               he
               related
               to
               the
               Senate
               ,
               he
               was
               by
               them
               committed
               to
               Prison
               ,
               as
               a
               contemner
               of
               their
               Majesty
               and
               Power
               .
               But
               afterwards
               ,
               when
               they
               understood
               by
               the
               Letters
               from
               Paulus
               that
               Perseus
               was
               taken
               the
               same
               day
               ,
               he
               was
               not
               only
               delivered
               out
               of
               custody
               ,
               but
               honoured
               w●th
               a
               gift
               of
               Land
               ,
               and
               vacancy
               from
               bearing
               Office.
               It
               was
               also
               farther
               found
               ,
               that
               Castor
               and
               Pol●ux
               did
               watch
               over
               the
               safety
               of
               the
               Common-wealth
               ,
               and
               travail'd
               hard
               for
               the
               good
               of
               the
               same
               ,
               for
               that
               they
               were
               seen
               to
               wash
               themselves
               and
               their
               horses
               in
               the
               Lake
               of
               
               Iuturna
               ,
               and
               their
               Temple
               adjoyning
               to
               the
               Fountain
               open'd
               of
               it self
               ,
               not
               being
               unlockt
               by
               the
               hand
               of
               any
               person
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               But
               then
               we
               may
               relate
               how
               favourable
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Gods
               were
               to
               our
               City
               .
               For
               when
               our
               City
               was
               visited
               with
               a
               triennial
               Pestilence
               ,
               and
               that
               neither
               through
               divine
               Compassion
               or
               humane
               Aid
               any
               remedy
               could
               be
               found
               for
               so
               long
               and
               lasting
               a
               Calamity
               ;
               the
               Priests
               looking
               into
               the
               Sibyls
               Books
               observ'd
               ,
               that
               there
               was
               no
               other
               way
               to
               restore
               the
               City
               to
               its
               former
               health
               ,
               but
               by
               ●etching
               the
               Image
               of
               Esculapius
               from
               Epidaurus
               .
               The
               City
               therefore
               sending
               their
               Ambassadours
               thither
               ,
               hop'd
               that
               by
               its
               autho●ity
               ,
               the
               greatest
               then
               in
               the
               world
               ,
               they
               might
               prevail
               to
               obtain
               the
               only
               remedy
               against
               their
               fatal
               misery
               .
               Neither
               did
               her
               hope
               deceive
               her
               .
               For
               her
               desire
               was
               granted
               with
               as
               much
               willingness
               ,
               as
               it
               was
               requested
               with
               earnestness
               .
               For
               immediately
               the
               Epidaurians
               carrying
               the
               Ambassadours
               to
               the
               Temple
               of
               Esculapius
               (
               distant
               from
               the
               City
               some
               five
               miles
               )
               desired
               them
               to
               take
               out
               of
               it
               whatever
               they
               thought
               convenient
               for
               the
               preservation
               of
               Rome
               ;
               whose
               free
               benignity
               the
               god
               himself
               imitating
               by
               his
               celestial
               obedience
               ,
               approv'd
               the
               courtesie
               of
               mortals
               .
               For
               that
               Snake
               ,
               which
               but
               seldom
               or
               never
               seen
               but
               to
               their
               great
               benefit
               ,
               the
               Epidaurians
               worshipt
               equal
               to
               Esculapius
               ,
               began
               to
               glide
               with
               a
               mild
               aspect
               and
               gentle
               motion
               through
               the
               chief
               parts
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               and
               being
               three
               days
               seen
               to
               the
               religious
               admiration
               of
               all
               men
               ,
               without
               doubt
               taking
               in
               good
               part
               the
               change
               of
               a
               more
               noble
               Seat
               ,
               hasted
               to
               the
               Roman
               Galley
               ,
               and
               while
               the
               Marriners
               stood
               affrighted
               at
               so
               unusual
               a
               sight
               ,
               crept
               aboard
               the
               Ship
               ,
               and
               peaceably
               folding
               its
               self
               into
               several
               rings
               ,
               quietly
               remain'd
               in
               the
               Cabbin
               of
               
                 Q.
                 Ogulnius
              
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               Ambassadours
               .
               The
               Legats
               having
               return'd
               due
               thanks
               ,
               and
               being
               instructed
               
               by
               the
               skilful
               in
               the
               due
               worship
               of
               the
               Serpent
               ,
               like
               men
               that
               had
               obtain'd
               their
               hearts
               desire
               ,
               joyfully
               departed
               ,
               and
               after
               a
               prosperous
               Voyage
               putting
               in
               at
               Antium
               ,
               the
               Snake
               ,
               which
               had
               remained
               in
               the
               Ship
               ,
               glided
               to
               the
               Porch
               of
               the
               Temple
               of
               Esculapius
               ,
               adorn'd
               with
               Myrtle
               and
               other
               Boughs
               ,
               and
               twisted
               itself
               about
               a
               Palm-tree
               of
               a
               very
               great
               height
               ,
               staying
               for
               three
               days
               in
               the
               Temple
               of
               Antium
               ;
               the
               Ambassadours
               with
               great
               care
               setting
               by
               those
               things
               wherewith
               he
               used
               to
               be
               fed
               ,
               for
               fear
               he
               should
               be
               unwilling
               to
               return
               to
               the
               Ship
               :
               after
               which
               he
               patiently
               suffer'd
               himself
               to
               be
               transported
               to
               our
               City
               .
               The
               Ambassadours
               landing
               upon
               the
               shore
               of
               Tiber
               ,
               the
               Snake
               swam
               to
               the
               Island
               where
               the
               Temple
               was
               dedicated
               ,
               and
               by
               his
               coming
               dispell'd
               the
               Calamity
               for
               remedy
               whereof
               he
               was
               sought
               .
            
             
               Not
               less
               voluntary
               was
               the
               coming
               of
               Iuno
               to
               our
               City
               .
               The
               Veientes
               being
               taken
               by
               
                 Furius
                 Camillus
              
               ,
               the
               Souldiers
               by
               command
               of
               the
               General
               going
               about
               to
               remove
               the
               Image
               of
               
                 Iuno
                 Moneta
              
               ,
               which
               was
               there
               in
               principal
               adoration
               ,
               endeavour'd
               to
               remove
               it
               from
               the
               place
               where
               it
               stood
               .
               Among
               the
               rest
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               Souldiers
               asked
               the
               Goddess
               in
               sport
               ,
               whether
               she
               would
               go
               to
               Rome
               ;
               to
               which
               the
               Goddess
               replying
               she
               would
               ,
               the
               jest
               was
               turn'd
               into
               admiration
               .
               And
               now
               believing
               that
               they
               did
               not
               only
               carry
               the
               Image
               ,
               but
               Iuno
               her self
               ,
               with
               great
               joy
               they
               placed
               her
               in
               that
               part
               of
               the
               Aventine
               Mountain
               ,
               where
               now
               we
               see
               her
               Temple
               stand
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               The
               Image
               also
               of
               the
               Womens
               Fortune
               ,
               about
               four
               miles
               from
               the
               City
               upon
               the
               Latine
               Road
               ,
               consecrated
               together
               with
               her
               Temple
               ,
               at
               the
               same
               time
               that
               Coriolanus
               was
               diverted
               from
               th●
               destruction
               of
               the
               City
               by
               his
               Mothers
               tears
               ,
               was
               heard
               ,
               not
               once
               ,
               bu●
               twice
               to
               speak
               these
               words
               :
               
                 In
                 due
                 manner
                 have
                 you
                 seen
                 me
                 ,
                 Matrons
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 due
                 manner
                 dedicated
                 me
                 .
              
            
             
             
               5.
               
               But
               
                 Valerius
                 Publicola
              
               Consul
               ,
               after
               the
               expulsion
               of
               the
               Kings
               ,
               waged
               War
               with
               the
               Veientes
               and
               Hetrurians
               ,
               while
               the
               one
               sought
               to
               restore
               Tarquirius
               to
               his
               Kingdome
               ,
               the
               other
               sought
               to
               retain
               their
               new-recover'd
               Liberty
               :
               At
               which
               time
               ,
               while
               the
               Hetrurians
               and
               Tarquinius
               had
               the
               upper
               hand
               in
               the
               Right
               Wing
               ,
               there
               hapned
               such
               a
               sudden
               Consternation
               ,
               that
               not
               only
               the
               Victors
               began
               to
               fly
               ,
               but
               also
               drew
               the
               Veientes
               ,
               struck
               with
               the
               same
               fear
               ,
               along
               with
               them
               .
               On
               a
               sudden
               a
               loud
               voice
               was
               heard
               from
               the
               adjoining
               Arsian
               Wood
               ,
               said
               to
               be
               uttered
               from
               the
               mouth
               of
               a
               Sylvan
               :
               
                 But
                 one
                 more
                 of
                 the
              
               Hetrurians
               
                 shall
                 fall
                 :
                 The
              
               Roman
               
                 Host
                 shall
                 obtain
                 the
                 Conquest
              
               .
               The
               truth
               of
               the
               Miracle
               appeared
               by
               the
               number
               of
               the
               dead
               Bodies
               told
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               What
               say
               ye
               to
               the
               Assistance
               of
               Mars
               ,
               which
               facilitated
               the
               Victory
               of
               the
               Romans
               ,
               is
               it
               not
               worthy
               of
               lasting
               memory
               ?
               When
               the
               Brutians
               and
               Lucans
               with
               most
               inveterate
               Hatred
               and
               great
               Forces
               sought
               the
               destruction
               of
               the
               City
               of
               
                 Thurinum
                 ,
                 C.
                 Fabricius
                 Luscinus
              
               Consul
               on
               the
               other
               side
               endeavouring
               with
               all
               his
               might
               to
               preserve
               the
               same
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               event
               of
               things
               seemed
               dubious
               ,
               the
               Forces
               of
               both
               sides
               being
               met
               in
               one
               place
               ,
               and
               the
               Romans
               not
               daring
               to
               venture
               battle
               ;
               a
               young
               man
               of
               a
               comely
               stature
               began
               to
               exhort
               them
               to
               take
               courage
               ;
               and
               finding
               them
               not
               very
               forward
               ,
               laying
               hold
               of
               a
               Ladder
               ,
               he
               posted
               through
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               Enemies
               body
               to
               the
               opposite
               Camp
               ,
               and
               setting
               up
               his
               Ladder
               scal'd
               the
               fortification
               ;
               and
               then
               crying
               out
               with
               a
               loud
               voice
               ,
               that
               there
               was
               a
               step
               to
               Victory
               rais'd
               ,
               he
               drew
               ours
               to
               assail
               ,
               the
               Lucans
               and
               Brutians
               to
               defend
               their
               own
               Camp
               ,
               where
               after
               a
               sharp
               Conflict
               they
               were
               utterly
               overthrown
               .
               For
               by
               the
               impulse
               of
               his
               own
               Arms
               ,
               he
               deliver'd
               um
               over
               to
               be
               slain
               and
               taken
               by
               the
               Romans
               ;
               Twenty
               Thousand
               being
               slain
               ,
               Five
               
               Thousand
               taken
               ,
               together
               with
               
                 Statius
                 Statilius
              
               General
               of
               both
               People
               ,
               and
               Twenty
               Military
               Ensignes
               .
               The
               next
               day
               ,
               when
               the
               Consul
               told
               the
               Souldiers
               that
               he
               had
               reserv'd
               a
               Crown
               for
               him
               who
               had
               shewed
               so
               much
               Courage
               in
               taking
               the
               Camp
               ,
               and
               no
               young
               man
               was
               to
               be
               found
               to
               claim
               it
               ,
               it
               was
               then
               known
               and
               believed
               that
               Mars
               had
               taken
               the
               Romans
               par●
               .
               And
               among
               other
               demonstrations
               of
               the
               truth
               of
               the
               thing
               ,
               there
               was
               a
               Head-piece
               found
               with
               two
               Plumes
               ,
               which
               had
               covered
               his
               sacred
               Head.
               Therefore
               by
               command
               of
               Fabricius
               there
               was
               a
               Supplication
               to
               Mars
               proclaim'd
               ,
               and
               thanks
               return'd
               to
               him
               with
               great
               joy
               by
               the
               Souldiers
               crown'd
               with
               Lawrel
               ,
               in
               testimony
               of
               the
               assistance
               which
               they
               had
               received
               from
               him
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               I
               shall
               relate
               now
               what
               being
               known
               in
               that
               age
               was
               faithfully
               deliver'd
               to
               those
               which
               succeeded
               :
               Aeneas
               bringing
               his
               houshold-gods
               with
               him
               from
               Troy
               ,
               placed
               them
               in
               Lavinium
               :
               From
               thence
               they
               were
               by
               his
               Son
               Ascanius
               remov●d
               to
               Alba
               ,
               which
               himself
               had
               built
               :
               which
               lest
               it
               should
               seem
               a
               force
               put
               upon
               them
               by
               the
               hands
               of
               men
               ,
               they
               resolv'd
               to
               testifie
               their
               good
               Will.
               Wherein
               I
               am
               not
               ignorant
               how
               opinion
               hesitates
               in
               the
               asserting
               the
               truth
               of
               the
               motion
               and
               voice
               of
               the
               Immortal
               Gods.
               However
               ,
               because
               we
               do
               not
               make
               a
               relation
               of
               things
               new
               ,
               but
               only
               repeat
               what
               has
               been
               deliver'd
               ,
               let
               the
               first
               Authors
               vindicate
               the
               truth
               .
               It
               is
               our
               part
               not
               to
               refuse
               as
               vain
               ,
               what
               the
               sacred
               Monuments
               of
               Story
               have
               consecrated
               for
               certain
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               Having
               made
               mention
               of
               that
               City
               ,
               from
               whence
               our
               own
               had
               its
               first
               original
               ,
               heavenly
               Iulius
               the
               glorious
               offspring
               thereof
               comes
               into
               our
               mind
               ,
               whom
               
                 C.
                 Cassius
              
               (
               never
               to
               be
               named
               without
               remembring
               his
               publick
               Parricide
               )
               while
               he
               was
               labouring
               couragiously
               at
               the
               Battle
               of
               Philippi
               ,
               saw
               above
               mortal
               
               Stature
               ,
               clad
               in
               a
               Purple
               Robe
               ,
               and
               an
               angry
               Count●nance
               ,
               making
               toward
               him
               with
               full
               speed
               ;
               at
               which
               sight
               affrighted
               he
               fled
               ,
               having
               first
               heard
               these
               words
               utter'd
               ,
               
                 What
                 wouldst
                 thou
                 do
                 more
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 too
                 little
                 to
                 have
                 kill'd
                 ?
                 Didst
                 thou
                 not
                 murther
              
               Caesar
               ,
               O
               Cassius
               ?
               
                 But
                 no
                 Deity
                 can
                 be
                 prevail'd
                 against
                 ;
                 therefore
                 by
                 injuring
                 him
                 whose
                 mortal
                 body
                 still
                 burns
                 ,
                 thou
                 hast
                 deserved
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 god
                 so
                 much
                 thy
                 enemy
                 .
              
            
             
               9.
               
               Lentulus
               passing
               by
               the
               shore
               where
               the
               B●dy
               of
               Pompey
               the
               Great
               ,
               murdered
               by
               the
               treachery
               of
               King
               Ptolemy
               ,
               was
               then
               at
               the
               same
               time
               burning
               ;
               altogether
               ignorant
               of
               his
               fall
               ,
               cryed
               out
               to
               his
               Souldiers
               ,
               
                 How
                 do
                 we
                 know
                 but
                 that
              
               Pompey
               
                 may
                 be
                 now
                 burning
                 in
                 yonder
                 flame
                 ?
              
               The
               Miracle
               was
               ,
               that
               he
               should
               ignorantly
               speak
               so
               great
               a
               truth
               as
               it
               were
               by
               inspiration
               .
            
             
               10.
               
               This
               was
               only
               the
               saying
               of
               a
               man
               ;
               but
               that
               which
               came
               from
               the
               mouth
               of
               Apollo
               himself
               was
               more
               miraculous
               ,
               a
               clear
               evidence
               of
               the
               Delphick
               Pres●ge
               ,
               which
               ●oretold
               the
               Death
               of
               Appius
               .
               He
               in
               the
               Civil
               War
               wherein
               Pompey
               had
               separated
               himself
               from
               his
               friendship
               with
               Caesar
               ,
               through
               advice
               no
               less
               baneful
               to
               himself
               than
               disadvantageous
               to
               the
               Common-wealth
               ,
               being
               willing
               to
               know
               the
               event
               of
               so
               great
               a
               Commotion
               ;
               by
               his
               power
               in
               command
               (
               for
               he
               was
               Governour
               of
               Achaia
               )
               caus'd
               the
               chief
               President
               of
               the
               Delphick
               Oracle
               to
               descend
               into
               the
               innermost
               part
               of
               the
               holy
               Den
               ,
               whence
               as
               more
               certain
               Answers
               are
               demanded
               ,
               so
               the
               over-abundance
               of
               the
               divine
               exhalation
               becomes
               more
               noxious
               to
               those
               that
               give
               the
               Answer
               .
               The
               Virgin
               therefore
               through
               the
               impulse
               of
               the
               inspiring
               Spirit
               ,
               with
               a
               most
               dreadful
               tone
               ,
               among
               other
               obscure
               terms
               and
               
               aenigma's
               ,
               thus
               return'd
               to
               
                 Appius
                 :
                 The
                 War
                 concerns
                 thee
                 nothing
                 ,
                 O
              
               Roman
               :
               
                 Thou
                 shalt
                 have
                 for
                 thy
                 lot
                 ,
                 that
                 part
                 of
              
               Euboea
               call'd
               Coela
               .
               He
               believing
               that
               Apollo
               had
               forewarned
               
               him
               to
               avoid
               the
               danger
               of
               the
               War
               ,
               retired
               into
               that
               Countrey
               which
               lies
               between
               Rham●uns
               a
               noble
               part
               of
               the
               Countrey
               of
               A●tica
               ,
               and
               C●ristus
               adjoining
               to
               the
               Chalcidic
               Bay
               ,
               where
               consum'd
               with
               sickness
               before
               the
               battle
               of
               Pharsalia
               ,
               he
               possessed
               the
               place
               assign'd
               for
               his
               burial
               .
            
             
               11.
               
               These
               things
               may
               also
               be
               accompted
               as
               Miracles
               ;
               that
               when
               the
               Chappel
               of
               the
               Salii
               was
               burnt
               ,
               there
               was
               nothing
               escap'd
               the
               fire
               but
               the
               Kings
               staff
               of
               Romulus
               .
               That
               the
               Statue
               of
               
                 Servius
                 Tullius
              
               r●main'd
               untouch'd
               ,
               when
               the
               Temple
               of
               Fortune
               was
               consum'd
               by
               fire
               .
               That
               the
               Statue
               of
               Claudia
               ,
               plac'd
               near
               the
               entry
               into
               the
               Temple
               of
               the
               Mother
               of
               the
               Gods
               ,
               ●hat
               Temple
               being
               twice
               consum'd
               by
               fire
               ,
               once
               wh●n
               
                 Nasica
                 Scipio
              
               and
               
                 L.
                 Bestia
              
               ,
               another
               time
               when
               Servilius
               and
               Lamia
               were
               Consuls
               ,
               stood
               firm
               upon
               its
               Ba●is
               and
               untouch'd
               .
            
             
               12.
               
               The
               Funeral
               Pile
               of
               
                 Acilius
                 Aviola
              
               brought
               no
               small
               astonishment
               to
               our
               City
               ,
               who
               being
               taken
               ●or
               dead
               both
               by
               the
               Physicians
               and
               by
               his
               Friends
               ,
               when
               he
               had
               been
               laid
               out
               for
               some
               time
               upon
               the
               Ground
               ,
               the
               Flame
               no
               soone●
               coming
               near
               his
               Body
               ,
               b●t
               he
               rose
               up
               and
               affirmed
               himself
               to
               be
               alive
               ,
               calling
               for
               the
               assi●tance
               of
               his
               Schoolmaster
               ,
               who
               only
               remain'd
               with
               him
               .
               But
               being
               encompass'd
               with
               the
               flames
               ,
               he
               could
               no●
               be
               drawn
               thence
               .
            
             
               13.
               
               
                 Lucius
                 Lamia
              
               also
               ,
               a
               person
               of
               the
               Pretorian
               Order
               ,
               is
               said
               to
               ●ave
               spoken
               upon
               his
               funeral
               Pile
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 Examples
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 But
                 the
                 fat●
                 of
                 
                   Erus
                   Pamphilus
                
                 has
                 render'd
                 the
                 for●going
                 relations
                 le●s
                 miraculous
                 ;
                 whom
                 Plato
                 affirm'd
                 ,
                 tha●
                 alter
                 he
                 was
                 thought
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 slain
                 in
                 Bat●l●
                 ,
                 and
                 ●ad
                 lain
                 in
                 the
                 field
                 ten
                 days
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 away
                 and
                 laid
                 upon
                 the
                 funeral
                 Pile
                 ,
                 
                 he
                 reviv'd
                 ,
                 and
                 related
                 strange
                 things
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 saw
                 while
                 he
                 lay
                 dead
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 And
                 since
                 we
                 are
                 come
                 of
                 Forraign
                 Examples
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 certain
                 learned
                 Man
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 received
                 an
                 unlucky
                 hurt
                 with
                 a
                 Stone
                 upon
                 his
                 Head
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 retain'd
                 his
                 Memory
                 as
                 to
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 very
                 perfect
                 ,
                 yet
                 forgot
                 his
                 Learning
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 follow'd
                 all
                 his
                 life
                 time
                 .
                 A
                 dire
                 and
                 fatal
                 Wound
                 in
                 the
                 Soul
                 of
                 him
                 that
                 was
                 wounded
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 having
                 of
                 purpose
                 sought
                 out
                 every
                 sense
                 ,
                 it
                 had
                 pitch'd
                 upon
                 that
                 particularly
                 wherein
                 the
                 Patient
                 most
                 delighted
                 ,
                 burying
                 the
                 singular
                 Doctrine
                 and
                 Learning
                 of
                 the
                 person
                 in
                 the
                 perpetual
                 grave
                 of
                 Envy
                 .
                 To
                 whom
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 not
                 lawful
                 to
                 enjoy
                 those
                 Studies
                 ,
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 better
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 never
                 obtain'd
                 a
                 taste
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 want
                 the
                 sweetness
                 of
                 what
                 he
                 once
                 had
                 in
                 poss●ssion
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 But
                 more
                 lamentable
                 is
                 the
                 narration
                 of
                 the
                 following
                 mischance
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Wife
                 of
                 Nausimenes
                 an
                 Athenian
                 hapning
                 to
                 take
                 her
                 Son
                 and
                 Daughter
                 in
                 the
                 act
                 of
                 Incest
                 ,
                 struck
                 with
                 horrour
                 of
                 so
                 monstrous
                 a
                 sight
                 ,
                 became
                 suddenly
                 dumb
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 she
                 neither
                 could
                 express
                 her
                 present
                 Indignation
                 ,
                 nor
                 ever
                 after
                 speak
                 a
                 word
                 .
                 They
                 punish'd
                 themselves
                 for
                 their
                 own
                 wicked
                 act
                 ,
                 with
                 voluntary
                 Death
                 .
                 Thus
                 Fortune
                 that
                 in
                 a
                 rage
                 took
                 from
                 her
                 her
                 Speech
                 ,
                 from
                 them
                 their
                 Lives
                 ,
                 was
                 therein
                 favourable
                 to
                 the
                 Mother
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Aegles
                 a
                 Samian
                 Wrastler
                 born
                 mute
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 the
                 Rewards
                 of
                 a
                 Victory
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 won
                 ,
                 taken
                 from
                 him
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 indignation
                 for
                 the
                 injury
                 done
                 him
                 ,
                 recover'd
                 his
                 Speech
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Famous
                 also
                 was
                 the
                 Birth
                 of
                 Gorgias
                 an
                 Epirote
                 ,
                 a
                 very
                 strong
                 man
                 ,
                 who
                 coming
                 forth
                 of
                 his
                 Mothers
                 Womb
                 as
                 she
                 was
                 going
                 to
                 be
                 buried
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 crying
                 caus'd
                 them
                 that
                 carried
                 the
                 Beer
                 to
                 stand
                 ,
                 affording
                 
                 a
                 strange
                 Miracle
                 to
                 his
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 as
                 one
                 that
                 receiv'd
                 his
                 Birth
                 and
                 being
                 from
                 the
                 Funeral-Pile
                 of
                 his
                 Mother
                 .
                 For
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 moment
                 she
                 in
                 her
                 Death
                 yields
                 to
                 fate
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 is
                 taken
                 into
                 arms
                 alive
                 before
                 he
                 was
                 born
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 A
                 fortunate
                 Wound
                 was
                 that
                 which
                 a
                 certain
                 person
                 gave
                 to
                 
                   Phaerean
                   Iason
                
                 ,
                 ende●vouring
                 to
                 have
                 slain
                 him
                 .
                 For
                 striking
                 at
                 him
                 with
                 his
                 Sword
                 ,
                 he
                 brake
                 an
                 Impostume
                 in
                 that
                 manner
                 ,
                 which
                 could
                 neither
                 be
                 broken
                 nor
                 cured
                 by
                 any
                 skill'd
                 in
                 Physick
                 ,
                 delivering
                 him
                 from
                 an
                 incurable
                 Disease
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Equally
                 belov'd
                 of
                 the
                 immortal
                 Gods
                 w●s
                 Simonides
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 sav'd
                 from
                 imminent
                 dang●r
                 ,
                 was
                 also
                 preserv'd
                 from
                 after-ruine
                 .
                 For
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 at
                 Supper
                 with
                 Scopas
                 at
                 Cranon
                 a
                 City
                 of
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 news
                 was
                 brought
                 him
                 that
                 two
                 young
                 men
                 were
                 at
                 the
                 door
                 ,
                 earnestly
                 desiring
                 to
                 sp●ak
                 with
                 him
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 ga●e
                 ,
                 he
                 found
                 no
                 body
                 ●here
                 .
                 But
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 moment
                 ,
                 the
                 Roof
                 of
                 the
                 Dining-room
                 fell
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 both
                 Scopas
                 and
                 all
                 his
                 Guests
                 .
                 What
                 greater
                 wealth
                 ,
                 than
                 so
                 much
                 felicity
                 ,
                 which
                 neither
                 the
                 rage
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 or
                 Land
                 could
                 take
                 from
                 him
                 ?
              
               
                 8
                 I
                 am
                 not
                 unwilling
                 to
                 adde
                 to
                 this
                 the
                 Story
                 of
                 Daphidas
                 ,
                 that
                 men
                 may
                 understand
                 how
                 profitable
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 ●ing
                 the
                 praises
                 o●
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 obey
                 the
                 Divine
                 Power
                 .
                 He
                 being
                 of
                 their
                 profession
                 who
                 are
                 call'd
                 Sophists
                 ,
                 resolving
                 to
                 ask
                 a
                 frivolous
                 question
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 of
                 Apollo
                 ,
                 in
                 derision
                 demanded
                 ,
                 Whether
                 he
                 should
                 finde
                 the
                 Horse
                 he
                 had
                 lost
                 ,
                 when
                 in
                 truth
                 he
                 had
                 none
                 at
                 all
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 the
                 Oracle
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 should
                 finde
                 his
                 Horse
                 ,
                 but
                 be
                 kill'd
                 with
                 a
                 ●all
                 off
                 his
                 back
                 .
                 B●ing
                 upon
                 his
                 return
                 ,
                 merry
                 and
                 laughing
                 at
                 the
                 trick
                 he
                 had
                 put
                 upon
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 he
                 fell
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 Attalus
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 often
                 abus'd
                 with
                 his
                 scurrilous
                 Verses
                 ,
                 being
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 reach
                 :
                 And
                 being
                 by
                 his
                 command
                 thrown
                 headlong
                 
                 down
                 a
                 Rock
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 call'd
                 
                   The
                   Horse
                
                 ,
                 he
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 just
                 reward
                 due
                 to
                 one
                 that
                 would
                 go
                 about
                 to
                 cavil
                 with
                 the
                 gods
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 Philip
                 K.
                 of
                 Macedon
                 being
                 also
                 admonisht
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 Oracle
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 a
                 Chariot
                 ,
                 caused
                 all
                 the
                 Chariots
                 in
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 to
                 be
                 cut
                 to
                 pieces
                 ,
                 and
                 alwaies
                 carefully
                 shun'd
                 that
                 place
                 in
                 Boeotia
                 which
                 is
                 call'd
                 
                   The
                   Chariot
                
                 ;
                 and
                 yet
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 avoid
                 that
                 kind
                 of
                 death
                 which
                 was
                 foretold
                 him
                 :
                 for
                 Pansanias
                 that
                 slew
                 him
                 ,
                 had
                 a
                 Chariot
                 engraven
                 in
                 the
                 Hilt
                 of
                 his
                 Sword.
                 
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 And
                 this
                 fatal
                 Necessity
                 which
                 the
                 Father
                 could
                 not
                 avoid
                 ,
                 was
                 a
                 severe
                 to
                 his
                 Son
                 Alexander
                 .
                 For
                 Calanus
                 the
                 Indian
                 being
                 about
                 to
                 throw
                 himself
                 ,
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 accord
                 ,
                 upon
                 his
                 Funeral-Pile
                 ,
                 being
                 ask'd
                 by
                 him
                 whether
                 he
                 had
                 any
                 thing
                 to
                 command
                 or
                 tell
                 him
                 ;
                 made
                 no
                 other
                 reply
                 ,
                 but
                 
                   I
                   shall
                   shortly
                   see
                   thee
                
                 .
                 Nor
                 was
                 his
                 answer
                 in
                 vain
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 violent
                 Death
                 of
                 Alexand●r
                 speedily
                 follow'd
                 his
                 violent
                 decease
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 These
                 Royal
                 Funerals
                 are
                 ●qual'd
                 in
                 Miracle
                 by
                 the
                 fortune
                 of
                 a
                 Rower
                 in
                 a
                 Galley
                 ,
                 who
                 standing
                 at
                 the
                 Pump
                 in
                 a
                 small
                 Tyrian
                 Vessel
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 a
                 Wave
                 thrown
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 a
                 contrary
                 Wave
                 wash'd
                 him
                 into
                 the
                 Vessel
                 again
                 :
                 congratulating
                 and
                 bewailing
                 ,
                 at
                 one
                 time
                 ,
                 his
                 miserable
                 and
                 happy
                 condition
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 What
                 more
                 ?
                 Are
                 we
                 not
                 to
                 believe
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 certain
                 Mockeries
                 of
                 Nature
                 in
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 Men
                 ?
                 tolerable
                 indeed
                 ,
                 because
                 not
                 horrid
                 ;
                 ye●
                 no
                 less
                 miraculous
                 ,
                 because
                 unusual
                 .
                 The
                 Son
                 of
                 Prusias
                 King
                 of
                 Bithynia
                 ,
                 bearing
                 the
                 same
                 name
                 with
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 an
                 upper
                 row
                 of
                 Teeth
                 ,
                 had
                 one
                 continued
                 Bone
                 ,
                 though
                 neither
                 deformed
                 nor
                 unfit
                 for
                 use
                 .
              
               
                 13.
                 
                 Dripetine
                 also
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Mithridates
                 ,
                 born
                 of
                 La●dice
                 the
                 Queen
                 ,
                 having
                 her
                 mouth
                 deformed
                 with
                 a
                 double
                 row
                 of
                 Teeth
                 above
                 and
                 b●low
                 ,
                 
                 was
                 her
                 Fathers
                 Companion
                 when
                 he
                 fled
                 from
                 Pompey
                 .
              
               
                 14.
                 
                 No
                 less
                 admirable
                 were
                 the
                 Eyes
                 of
                 that
                 person
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 reported
                 to
                 have
                 had
                 so
                 sharp
                 a
                 sight
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 able
                 to
                 discover
                 the
                 Ships
                 going
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Po●t
                 of
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Promontory
                 of
                 Lilybaeum
                 in
                 Sicily
                 .
              
               
                 15.
                 
                 More
                 admirab●e
                 than
                 his
                 Eyes
                 was
                 the
                 Heart
                 of
                 Aristomenes
                 the
                 Messenian
                 ;
                 which
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 admirable
                 subtlety
                 causing
                 to
                 be
                 cut
                 out
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 they
                 had
                 often
                 taken
                 him
                 ,
                 yet
                 still
                 by
                 his
                 cunning
                 he
                 escaped
                 them
                 )
                 found
                 to
                 be
                 all
                 over
                 hairy
                 .
              
               
                 16.
                 
                 The
                 Poet
                 Antipater
                 the
                 Sidonian
                 ,
                 every
                 year
                 on
                 the
                 very
                 day
                 of
                 his
                 Birth
                 had
                 a
                 Fever
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 lived
                 to
                 a
                 great
                 age
                 ,
                 upon
                 his
                 Birth
                 day
                 died
                 of
                 a
                 Fever
                 .
              
               
                 17.
                 
                 Here
                 we
                 may
                 very
                 conveniently
                 take
                 notice
                 of
                 Polystra●us
                 and
                 Hippoclides
                 ,
                 Philosophers
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 bo●n
                 th●
                 same
                 day
                 ,
                 ●ollowed
                 the
                 Precepts
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Master
                 Epicurus
                 ,
                 possess'd
                 the
                 same
                 Revenues
                 ,
                 went
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 School
                 ,
                 and
                 living
                 long
                 Friends
                 together
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 both
                 died
                 the
                 same
                 day
                 .
                 So
                 equal
                 was
                 the
                 fortune
                 and
                 friendship
                 of
                 their
                 Society
                 ,
                 that
                 who
                 would
                 not
                 think
                 them
                 born
                 ,
                 bred
                 ,
                 and
                 deceas'd
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 bosome
                 of
                 divine
                 Concord
                 her self
                 ?
              
               
                 18.
                 
                 Why
                 all
                 this
                 should
                 come
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 the
                 Children
                 of
                 Kings
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 a
                 most
                 famous
                 King
                 himself
                 ,
                 to
                 a
                 Prophet
                 of
                 a
                 flourishing
                 Wit
                 ,
                 or
                 be
                 so
                 remarkable
                 in
                 the
                 Lives
                 of
                 Learned
                 Men
                 ,
                 or
                 among
                 the
                 Vulgar
                 sort
                 ,
                 Nature
                 it self
                 ,
                 so
                 fruitful
                 in
                 good
                 or
                 evil
                 ,
                 hath
                 never
                 given
                 a
                 reason
                 .
                 No
                 more
                 than
                 why
                 among
                 the
                 wild
                 Goats
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 bred
                 in
                 Crete
                 ,
                 being
                 wounded
                 with
                 darts
                 ,
                 should
                 fly
                 for
                 present
                 help
                 to
                 the
                 Herb
                 Dittany
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 eaten
                 immediately
                 forceth
                 the
                 Dart
                 and
                 Poyson
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Wounds
                 .
                 Or
                 how
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 Cephalenia
                 ,
                 whereas
                 all
                 other
                 beasts
                 in
                 other
                 places
                 are
                 re●resh'd
                 with
                 drinking
                 
                 water
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 place
                 they
                 are
                 wont
                 to
                 quench
                 their
                 thirsts
                 by
                 receiving
                 the
                 wind
                 into
                 their
                 mouths
                 .
                 Or
                 why
                 at
                 Crotona
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 
                   La●inian
                   Iuno
                
                 ,
                 the
                 ashes
                 should
                 remain
                 undisturb'd
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 remov'd
                 ,
                 what
                 Wind
                 soever
                 blow
                 .
                 Or
                 why
                 one
                 Fountain
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 another
                 in
                 the
                 Countrey
                 of
                 Calenum
                 ,
                 should
                 have
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 property
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 intoxicate
                 men
                 .
                 These
                 things
                 we
                 do
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 admire
                 ,
                 as
                 think
                 worthy
                 of
                 remembrance
                 ,
                 ●eing
                 well
                 ascertain'd
                 ,
                 that
                 Na●ure
                 may
                 well
                 assume
                 to
                 herself
                 the
                 greatest
                 share
                 of
                 knowledg
                 ,
                 who
                 has
                 the
                 painf●l
                 charge
                 of
                 begetting
                 all
                 things
                 .
              
               
                 19.
                 
                 And
                 now
                 seeing
                 we
                 are
                 ●alking
                 of
                 things
                 that
                 exceed
                 common
                 reason
                 ,
                 let
                 us
                 give
                 a
                 relation
                 of
                 that
                 Serpent
                 ,
                 which
                 Livie
                 has
                 so
                 elegantly
                 described
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 saith
                 ,
                 that
                 upon
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Bagrada
                 in
                 Africk
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Serpent
                 appear'd
                 ,
                 as
                 hindred
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 of
                 
                   Attilius
                   Regulus
                
                 from
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 wate●
                 ▪
                 Many
                 Souldiers
                 she
                 swallowed
                 down
                 her
                 filthy
                 wid●
                 Mouth
                 ,
                 many
                 killed
                 with
                 the
                 hideous
                 bangs
                 of
                 her
                 Ta●●
                 :
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 could
                 pierce
                 her
                 with
                 no
                 Dart
                 or
                 Spear
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 they
                 were
                 forced
                 to
                 plant
                 their
                 Engins
                 of
                 Battery
                 against
                 ,
                 and
                 bruise
                 her
                 to
                 pieces
                 with
                 huge
                 Stones
                 and
                 Flints
                 of
                 massie
                 weigh●
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 all
                 both
                 Horse
                 and
                 Foot
                 seemed
                 more
                 terrible
                 than
                 Carthage
                 it self
                 .
                 At
                 what
                 time
                 the
                 stream
                 being
                 defiled
                 with
                 her
                 Blood
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 air
                 infected
                 with
                 the
                 stench
                 of
                 her
                 Body
                 ,
                 the
                 Roman
                 Camp
                 was
                 forced
                 to
                 remove
                 .
                 The
                 Skin
                 of
                 this
                 Monster
                 ,
                 he
                 saith
                 ,
                 was
                 120
                 foot
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 to
                 Rome
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             LIB
             .
             II.
             
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               I.
               Of
               Matrimonial
               Ceremonies
               ,
               and
               Duty
               of
               Relations
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   Good
                   Signes
                   prec●ding
                   Marriage
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Marriage-Feasts
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 
                   Women
                   praised
                   for
                   living
                   Widows
                
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   First
                   Divorce
                
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 
                   Matrimonial
                   liberty
                   and
                   decency
                
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 
                   Conjugal
                   Love.
                
                 
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 
                   Modest
                   Consanguinity
                
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Feast
                   of
                
                 Charistia
                 ,
                 
                   or
                   Love.
                
                 
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 
                   Age
                   honoured
                
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 
                   Youth
                   observed
                   ,
                   and
                   instructed
                   by
                   example
                   .
                
              
            
             
               WHile
               we
               are
               searching
               into
               the
               rich
               and
               potent
               kingdom
               of
               Nature
               ,
               it
               will
               not
               be
               unseasonable
               to
               take
               notice
               of
               the
               antient
               and
               memorable
               Institutions
               ,
               as
               well
               of
               our
               own
               City
               ,
               as
               of
               other
               Nations
               .
               For
               it
               is
               worth
               our
               while
               to
               know
               the
               first
               original
               of
               those
               happy
               Manners
               ,
               and
               that
               way
               of
               living
               which
               we
               now
               enjoy
               under
               the
               best
               of
               Princes
               ,
               seeing
               that
               the
               consideration
               of
               them
               may
               perhaps
               be
               profitable
               to
               the
               present
               Customes
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               Among
               the
               Antients
               there
               was
               nothing
               either
               publickly
               or
               privately
               undertaken
               ,
               unless
               they
               had
               first
               observed
               the
               signe
               ;
               from
               which
               Custome
               ,
               the
               Southsayers
               were
               alwaies
               consulted
               before
               Marriages
               .
               And
               though
               they
               have
               left
               off
               the
               marking
               of
               Birds
               ,
               or
               bodings
               of
               good
               or
               bad
               luck
               ,
               yet
               nominally
               they
               follow
               the
               foot●●eps
               of
               the
               old
               Custome
               .
            
             
             
               2.
               
               The
               Women
               supp'd
               with
               the
               Men
               sitting
               ,
               but
               the
               Men
               lay
               down
               :
               which
               Custome
               among
               men
               was
               observed
               in
               Heaven
               .
               For
               Iupiter
               is
               said
               to
               sup
               lying
               on
               his
               Couch
               ,
               while
               Iuno
               and
               Minerva
               are
               invited
               to
               sit
               .
               Which
               kind
               of
               severe
               Custome
               our
               Age
               more
               diligently
               observes
               in
               the
               Capitol
               than
               in
               their
               Houses
               :
               It
               being
               more
               proper
               to
               adhere
               to
               the
               Discipline
               of
               Goddesses
               than
               Women
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               They
               that
               were
               content
               to
               be
               married
               but
               once
               ,
               were
               honoured
               with
               a
               Crown
               of
               Chastity
               .
               For
               they
               believed
               that
               Matron
               to
               have
               an
               incorrupted
               mind
               ,
               and
               sincere
               Loyalty
               ,
               that
               would
               not
               leave
               the
               Chamber
               where
               she
               had
               first
               deposited
               her
               Virginity
               :
               and
               esteemed
               the
               experience
               of
               many
               Matrimonies
               to
               be
               a
               signe
               of
               some
               Incontinency
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               There
               was
               no
               Divorce
               between
               Man
               and
               Wife
               till
               Five
               Hundred
               and
               Twenty
               Years
               after
               the
               City
               was
               built
               .
               The
               first
               was
               
                 Spurius
                 Car●ilius
              
               ,
               who
               divorced
               his
               Wife
               for
               being
               barren
               .
               Who
               though
               he
               appeared
               to
               have
               a
               good
               excuse
               for
               what
               he
               did
               ,
               yet
               there
               were
               that
               blamed
               him
               enough
               ,
               being
               such
               as
               believed
               that
               Conjugal
               Loyalty
               was
               to
               be
               preferred
               before
               desire
               of
               Children
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               But
               that
               the
               Honour
               and
               Modesty
               of
               Matrons
               might
               be
               more
               sacred
               ,
               when
               they
               were
               call'd
               into
               Court
               ,
               no
               man
               was
               permitted
               to
               touch
               them
               ,
               that
               their
               Garments
               might
               not
               be
               defiled
               by
               the
               contact
               of
               a
               strange
               hand
               .
               The
               use
               of
               Wine
               was
               formerly
               unknown
               to
               the
               Roman
               Women
               ,
               for
               fear
               it
               might
               bring
               them
               to
               any
               disgrace
               ,
               because
               the
               first
               degree
               to
               forbidden
               V●nus
               is
               from
               father
               Bacchus
               .
               Yet
               that
               their
               Chastity
               might
               not
               alway
               occasion
               undecent
               retirement
               ,
               but
               that
               they
               might
               appear
               in
               a
               comely
               Garb
               of
               converse
               ,
               through
               the
               Indulgence
               of
               their
               Husbands
               they
               wore
               Purple
               ,
               and
               ornaments
               of
               Gold.
               For
               then
               Corrupters
               of
               Marriages
               were
               not
               fea●'d
               ,
               but
               Women
               
               might
               modestly
               behold
               ,
               and
               chastly
               be
               beheld
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               When
               there
               was
               any
               diff●rence
               between
               Husband
               and
               Wife
               ,
               they
               went
               to
               the
               Chappel
               of
               the
               Goddess
               Viriplaca
               ,
               which
               is
               in
               the
               Palace
               :
               and
               having
               liber●y
               to
               talk
               what
               they
               had
               a
               minde
               to
               ,
               after
               the
               heat
               was
               over
               ,
               they
               returned
               home
               very
               good
               friends
               .
               This
               Goddess
               had
               her
               name
               from
               appealing
               of
               men
               ;
               worthy
               of
               adoration
               ,
               and
               to
               be
               worshipped
               not
               with
               choice
               but
               exquisite
               Sacrifices
               :
               as
               being
               the
               Keeper
               of
               dayly
               and
               Family-peace
               ,
               rendring
               to
               men
               and
               women
               ,
               under
               the
               same
               yoak
               of
               Peace
               ,
               what
               is
               due
               to
               the
               Majesty
               of
               men
               ,
               and
               the
               Honour
               of
               women
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               This
               Modesty
               among
               Wives
               ,
               is
               it
               not
               necessary
               among
               other
               Relations
               ?
               for
               that
               I
               may
               by
               a
               small
               example
               ,
               set
               forth
               the
               great
               ●orce
               thereo●
               :
               formerly
               neither
               Father
               us'd
               to
               wash
               with
               his
               Son
               at
               age
               ,
               no●
               Father-in-law
               with
               Son-in-law
               .
               Whence
               it
               appears
               ,
               there
               was
               as
               much
               Religion
               attributed
               to
               Kindred
               and
               Consanguinity
               ,
               as
               to
               the
               Immortal
               Gods
               ;
               while
               among
               those
               that
               were
               thus
               ti'd
               ,
               it
               was
               no
               more
               lawful
               to
               strip
               themselves
               ,
               than
               it
               was
               in
               the
               Temple
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               Our
               Ancestors
               also
               instituted
               a
               sacr●d
               Feast
               ,
               which
               was
               called
               Charistia
               ,
               where
               none
               w●re
               admitted
               but
               Kindred
               ;
               that
               i●
               there
               were
               any
               difference
               among
               Relations
               ,
               there
               might
               be
               a
               reconcil●ation
               by
               the
               help
               of
               Friends
               ,
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               their
               sacr●d
               Rites
               and
               holy
               Mir●h
               .
            
             
               9.
               
               Y●uth
               gave
               to
               Old
               Age
               such
               circumspect
               and
               mani●old
               Honour
               ,
               as
               if
               the
               elder
               were
               the
               common
               Father
               of
               the
               younger
               .
               There
               upon
               Council-day
               ,
               if
               any
               young
               man
               wa●ted
               upon
               any
               Senator
               ,
               Relation
               ,
               or
               Friend
               o●
               his
               Father
               ,
               to
               the
               Senate
               ,
               they
               stay
               without
               door
               till
               the
               other
               came
               to
               per●orm
               the
               same
               duty
               home
               again
               .
               By
               which
               voluntary
               attendance
               they
               ●ccustom'd
               their
               bodies
               and
               minds
               to
               undergo
               publick
               Offices
               ,
               and
               in
               a
               short
               time
               became
               more
               experienced
               
               in
               labour
               and
               meditation
               .
               Being
               invited
               to
               a
               Feast
               ,
               they
               diligently
               inquired
               who
               was
               to
               be
               there
               ,
               that
               they
               might
               not
               be
               forced
               to
               rise
               to
               give
               way
               to
               their
               Elder
               :
               and
               when
               the
               Cloth
               was
               taken
               away
               ,
               they
               always
               rose
               and
               went
               away
               first
               :
               and
               all
               the
               time
               of
               Supper
               they
               were
               very
               sparing
               and
               modest
               in
               their
               discourse
               .
            
             
               10.
               
               The
               Elder
               were
               wont
               to
               sing
               the
               famous
               deeds
               of
               their
               Ancestors
               ,
               in
               Verse
               ,
               at
               their
               Festivals
               ,
               thereby
               to
               stir
               up
               Youth
               by
               imitation
               thereof
               .
               What
               m●re
               splendid
               or
               more
               profitable
               than
               this
               kind
               of
               Combat
               ?
               Youth
               honour'd
               Gray
               Hairs
               ,
               and
               superannuated
               Age
               encourag'd
               those
               who
               were
               ready
               to
               enter
               into
               Action
               with
               the
               nourishment
               of
               their
               favour
               .
               What
               Athens
               ,
               what
               School
               ,
               what
               forraign
               Education
               may
               I
               pr●●er
               to
               this
               Domestick
               Discipline
               ?
               This
               raised
               the
               
                 Camilli
                 Scipio's
                 ,
                 Fabricii
                 ,
                 Marcelli
                 ,
              
               and
               Fabii
               :
               and
               that
               I
               may
               not
               be
               tedious
               in
               recounting
               all
               the
               lights
               of
               our
               noble
               Empire
               ,
               thus
               the
               most
               glorious
               part
               of
               Heaven
               the
               sacred
               Caesars
               obtained
               their
               same
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               II.
               Of
               the
               Offices
               of
               Magistrates
               and
               Orders
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Roman
                 
                   Fidelity
                   and
                   Taciturnity
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 
                   Authority
                   of
                   Magistrates
                   ,
                   and
                   observance
                   of
                   the
                   Latin
                   Tongue
                   .
                
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 C.
                 Marius
                 
                   despising
                   Eloquence
                
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   Consular
                   Majesty
                
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 
                   Constancy
                   of
                   the
                
                 Roman
                 Embassadours
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 
                   Vigilancy
                   of
                   the
                   Senate
                
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 
                   Diligence
                   of
                   the
                   Tribunes
                
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 
                   Abstinence
                   of
                   the
                   Magistrates
                
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Tryal
                   of
                   the
                
                 Roman
                 
                   Knights
                   ,
                   and
                
                 Lupercalia
                 .
              
            
             
               1.
               
               SO
               high
               a
               Love
               had
               all
               our
               Ancestors
               for
               their
               Countrey
               ,
               that
               there
               was
               not
               a
               Senator
               ,
               who
               for
               many
               Ages
               would
               reveal
               the
               Transactions
               of
               the
               Fathers
               .
               
                 Q.
                 Fabius
                 Maximus
              
               onely
               ,
               and
               he
               also
               through
               imprudence
               ,
               going
               into
               the
               Countrey
               and
               meeting
               
                 P.
                 Crassus
              
               by
               the
               way
               ,
               told
               him
               what
               was
               done
               in
               order
               to
               proclaiming
               the
               Second
               Punick
               War
               ,
               remembring
               that
               he
               had
               been
               Questor
               three
               years
               before
               ,
               and
               not
               knowing
               t●at
               he
               was
               not
               yet
               put
               into
               the
               Senate
               by
               the
               Censors
               ,
               who
               were
               the
               only
               persons
               that
               gave
               admittance
               to
               those
               that
               had
               born
               Honours
               in
               that
               Assembly
               .
               However
               ,
               though
               this
               were
               but
               a
               harmless
               errour
               in
               Fabius
               ,
               yet
               he
               was
               severely
               reprehended
               for
               it
               by
               the
               Consuls
               .
               For
               they
               would
               by
               no
               means
               suffer
               Taciturnity
               ,
               the
               best
               and
               safest
               bond
               of
               Government
               ,
               to
               be
               violated
               in
               the
               least
               .
               And
               therefore
               when
               Eumenes
               King
               of
               Asia
               gave
               intelligence
               to
               the
               Senate
               ,
               that
               Perseus
               was
               preparing
               to
               make
               War
               ,
               it
               could
               not
               be
               known
               either
               what
               Eumenes
               said
               ,
               or
               what
               the
               Father
               's
               answered
               ,
               till
               Perseus
               was
               taken
               .
               
               The
               Court
               was
               the
               faithful
               and
               deep
               breast
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               environ'd
               and
               fortifi'd
               with
               Silence
               ;
               which
               they
               that
               enter'd
               ,
               soon
               cast
               off
               private
               Love
               ,
               cloathing
               themselves
               with
               publick
               Zeal
               .
               So
               that
               I
               may
               say
               ,
               that
               one
               would
               have
               thought
               ,
               that
               no
               man
               heard
               what
               was
               committed
               to
               the
               ears
               of
               so
               many
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               But
               our
               antient
               Magistrates
               how
               they
               behaved
               themselves
               in
               bearing
               up
               the
               Majesty
               of
               the
               Roman
               People
               ,
               from
               hence
               may
               be
               observed
               ,
               that
               among
               all
               their
               other
               marks
               of
               Gravity
               ,
               this
               they
               punctually
               maintain'd
               ,
               not
               to
               talk
               with
               the
               Greeks
               but
               in
               the
               Latine
               Tongue
               .
               And
               also
               causing
               them
               to
               lay
               aside
               the
               volubility
               of
               their
               own
               language
               ,
               forc'd
               them
               to
               speak
               by
               an
               Interpreter
               ,
               not
               only
               in
               our
               own
               City
               ,
               but
               in
               Greece
               and
               Asia
               :
               That
               the
               honour
               of
               the
               Latine
               Tongue
               might
               be
               spread
               with
               greater
               veneration
               among
               other
               Nations
               .
               Not
               but
               that
               they
               had
               their
               Schools
               of
               Learning
               ,
               but
               that
               they
               did
               not
               hold
               it
               convenient
               that
               the
               Gown
               should
               in
               any
               thing
               be
               subject
               to
               the
               Cloak
               .
               Believing
               it
               a
               poor
               and
               low
               thing
               ,
               that
               the
               weight
               and
               authority
               of
               Government
               should
               be
               tam'd
               by
               the
               charms
               of
               Eloquence
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               And
               therefore
               ,
               
                 Caius
                 Marius
              
               ,
               thou
               art
               not
               to
               be
               condemn'd
               of
               clownish
               Rigour
               ,
               not
               to
               let
               thy
               old
               age
               ,
               crown'd
               with
               a
               double
               Lawrel
               ,
               illustrious
               with
               German
               and
               Numidian
               Trophies
               ,
               be
               softned
               and
               overcome
               by
               the
               Eloquence
               of
               a
               vanquish'd
               Nation
               .
               Perhaps
               ,
               lest
               while
               he
               appear'd
               a
               forrainer
               in
               the
               exercises
               of
               his
               Wit
               ,
               he
               might
               seem
               a
               Runagate
               from
               his
               native
               Rites
               and
               Customes
               .
               Who
               therefore
               open'd
               the
               way
               to
               the
               Greek
               Pleadings
               that
               now
               deafen
               our
               ears
               ?
               Molo
               the
               Rhetorician
               ,
               as
               I
               am
               perswaded
               ,
               who
               likewise
               sharpned
               the
               studies
               of
               
                 M.
                 Cicero
              
               .
               For
               he
               was
               the
               first
               Stranger
               that
               was
               ever
               heard
               in
               the
               Senate
               without
               an
               Interpreter
               ;
               which
               Honour
               he
               receiv'd
               not
               undeservedly
               ,
               having
               mainly
               advanc'd
               the
               force
               of
               the
               Roman
               
               Eloquence
               .
               Of
               conspicuous
               felicity
               is
               Arpinum
               ,
               whether
               you
               respect
               the
               one
               as
               a
               great
               contemner
               of
               Learning
               ,
               or
               the
               other
               as
               the
               abounding
               Fountain
               thereof
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               With
               great
               diligence
               this
               Custome
               also
               was
               observed
               by
               our
               Ancestors
               ,
               that
               no
               person
               might
               walk
               between
               the
               Consul
               and
               the
               last
               Lictor
               ,
               though
               he
               went
               along
               by
               vertue
               of
               his
               Office
               ,
               unless
               he
               were
               a
               Child
               and
               the
               Son
               of
               the
               Consul
               .
               Which
               Custome
               was
               so
               obstinately
               maintain'd
               ,
               that
               
                 Q.
                 Fabius
                 Maximus
              
               ,
               five
               times
               Consul
               ,
               and
               besides
               in
               prime
               Authority
               ,
               and
               honour'd
               with
               Age
               ,
               being
               r●qu●st●d
               to
               go
               between
               him
               and
               the
               Lictor
               ,
               for
               fear
               of
               being
               overborn
               by
               the
               crowd
               of
               Samnites
               ,
               with
               whom
               he
               was
               going
               to
               treat
               ,
               yet
               refus'd
               the
               Courtesie
               .
               The
               like
               did
               that
               same
               Fabius
               when
               he
               was
               sent
               by
               the
               Senate
               to
               his
               Son
               Consul
               at
               Suessa
               .
               For
               as
               his
               Son
               was
               dispa●ching
               Causes
               without
               the
               City
               ,
               he
               took
               his
               Horse
               to
               ride
               through
               the
               prease
               ;
               but
               his
               Son
               seeing
               him
               afar
               off
               ,
               sent
               a
               Lictor
               to
               him
               ,
               commanding
               him
               to
               alight
               and
               come
               afoot
               ,
               if
               he
               had
               any
               thing
               to
               say
               to
               the
               Consul
               .
               Whom
               Fabius
               readily
               obeyed
               ,
               saying
               ,
               
                 Son
                 ,
                 I
                 did
                 not
                 this
                 in
                 contempt
                 of
                 thy
                 Authority
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 to
                 try
                 whether
                 thou
                 knewe●t
                 how
                 to
                 behave
                 thy self
                 like
                 a
                 Consul
                 or
                 no
                 :
                 Nor
                 am
                 I
                 ignorant
                 what
                 is
                 my
                 Duty
                 to
                 my
                 Countrey
                 ;
                 but
                 I
                 prefer
                 publike
                 Institutions
                 before
                 private
                 Piety
                 .
              
            
             
               5.
               
               Having
               done
               with
               the
               Fabii
               ,
               Men
               of
               an
               admirable
               Constancy
               offer
               themselves
               ,
               who
               being
               sent
               to
               Tarentum
               by
               the
               Senate
               to
               demand
               certain
               things
               ;
               after
               they
               had
               received
               many
               Injuries
               ,
               one
               of
               them
               having
               a
               Pisspot
               thrown
               upon
               his
               Cloaths
               ,
               they
               were
               brought
               to
               the
               Theater
               ,
               or
               place
               of
               Audience
               ,
               and
               finished
               the
               whole
               business
               of
               the
               Embassie
               ;
               but
               as
               to
               what
               they
               had
               suffered
               ,
               they
               uttered
               not
               a
               word
               ,
               lest
               they
               might
               seem
               to
               talk
               more
               than
               what
               they
               had
               
               given
               them
               in
               charge
               :
               for
               it
               was
               impossible
               that
               any
               vexation
               at
               the
               af●ronts
               which
               they
               had
               received
               ,
               could
               make
               them
               alter
               the
               respect
               which
               they
               had
               to
               Antient
               Custome
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               But
               I
               will
               pass
               from
               Customes
               grown
               obsolete
               through
               Vice
               ,
               to
               the
               most
               severe
               Institutions
               of
               our
               Ancestours
               ,
               before
               the
               Senate
               sate
               continually
               in
               that
               place
               which
               was
               call'd
               the
               
                 Little
                 Senate-House
              
               ;
               they
               never
               were
               assembled
               by
               Edict
               ,
               but
               b●ing
               cited
               they
               came
               immediatly
               .
               For
               they
               thought
               ●h●
               pra●●e
               of
               that
               Citizen
               much
               to
               be
               call'd
               in
               question
               ,
               that
               was
               to
               be
               compell'd
               to
               shew
               his
               Duty
               to
               his
               Country
               .
               For
               whatever
               is
               forc'd
               by
               Compulsion
               ,
               is
               lookt
               upon
               as
               rather
               done
               by
               Constraint
               than
               Duty
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               We
               are
               likewise
               to
               remember
               ,
               that
               it
               was
               not
               lawful
               for
               the
               Tribunes
               of
               the
               people
               to
               be
               admitted
               into
               the
               Senate
               ;
               but
               being
               plac'd
               upon
               Seats
               before
               the
               Doors
               ,
               there
               it
               behov'd
               'um
               diligently
               to
               hear
               and
               examine
               the
               Decrees
               that
               were
               und●r
               Vote
               ,
               that
               if
               there
               were
               any
               thing
               which
               they
               misliked
               ,
               they
               might
               hinder
               them
               from
               passing
               .
               And
               therefore
               the
               Letter
               T
               was
               wont
               to
               be
               subscrib'd
               at
               the
               bottome
               of
               all
               the
               antient
               Decrees
               of
               the
               Senate
               :
               by
               which
               Mark
               it
               was
               understood
               that
               the
               Tribunes
               had
               consent●d
               .
               Who
               although
               it
               were
               their
               b●siness
               to
               lie
               perdu
               for
               the
               good
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               and
               to
               suppress
               the
               growth
               of
               ambitious
               attempts
               ;
               yet
               they
               suffer'd
               them
               to
               use
               Silver
               Vessels
               ,
               and
               to
               wear
               Gold
               Rings
               given
               them
               at
               the
               publick
               charge
               ,
               by
               the
               sight
               of
               such
               things
               to
               render
               the
               authority
               of
               their
               Magistracy
               the
               more
               conspicuous
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               Whose
               Authority
               as
               it
               increased
               ,
               so
               their
               abstinence
               was
               most
               strictly
               commanded
               :
               For
               the
               Entrails
               of
               the
               Sacrifices
               ●ffered
               by
               the
               Tribunes
               ,
               were
               brought
               to
               the
               Questors
               of
               the
               Treasury
               .
               The
               worship
               of
               the
               Gods
               ,
               and
               humane
               Continence
               ,
               was
               shewn
               in
               those
               
               Sacrifices
               of
               the
               Roman
               people
               ,
               our
               Captains
               learning
               at
               those
               Altars
               what
               holy
               hands
               they
               ought
               to
               come
               prepared
               with
               .
               And
               such
               honour
               they
               gave
               to
               Continence
               ,
               that
               many
               times
               the
               Debts
               of
               those
               that
               had
               well
               behaved
               themselves
               in
               the
               government
               of
               the
               Republick
               ,
               were
               paid
               by
               the
               Senate
               :
               For
               they
               esteemed
               it
               an
               unworthy
               thing
               ,
               that
               the
               dignity
               of
               those
               men
               should
               suffer
               at
               home
               ,
               by
               whose
               industry
               the
               Common-wealth
               had
               obtained
               splendor
               abroad
               .
            
             
               9.
               
               The
               Youth
               of
               the
               Order
               of
               Knighthood
               ,
               twice
               every
               year
               ,
               were
               wont
               to
               shew
               themselves
               in
               a
               publick
               Spectacle
               at
               the
               cha●ge
               of
               some
               great
               Person
               ,
               upon
               the
               day
               of
               the
               Lupercal
               Feasts
               ,
               which
               was
               the
               time
               of
               the
               approbation
               of
               Knights
               .
               The
               Custome
               of
               the
               Lupercals
               were
               beg●●
               by
               Romulus
               and
               Remus
               ,
               at
               such
               a
               time
               as
               th●y
               were
               making
               merry
               ,
               for
               that
               their
               U●cle
               Namitor
               had
               permitted
               them
               to
               build
               a
               City
               in
               the
               p●ace
               where
               they
               were
               br●d
               up
               ,
               under
               Mount
               Palatine
               ,
               which
               Evander
               the
               Argive
               had
               consecrated
               by
               advice
               of
               Fau●tulus
               their
               Fost●r-father
               .
               For
               thereupon
               they
               m●de
               ●
               Sacrifice
               ,
               and
               having
               slain
               several
               Goats
               ,
               and
               eat
               and
               drank
               somewhat
               more
               largely
               than
               ordinary
               ,
               they
               divided
               themselves
               ,
               and
               in
               their
               jollity
               made
               a
               sportive
               Combat
               together
               ;
               the
               memory
               of
               which
               Pastime
               is
               celebrated
               with
               annual
               succession
               of
               Holidaies
               .
               As
               for
               the
               Knights
               which
               were
               named
               
                 Trabeati
                 ,
                 Quintus
                 Fabius
              
               appointed
               their
               publike
               Sh●w
               upon
               the
               Ides
               of
               Iuly
               .
               He
               also
               ,
               being
               Censor
               with
               
                 Pub.
                 Decius
              
               ,
               in
               commemoration
               of
               a
               Sedition
               which
               he
               had
               appeas'd
               ,
               when
               the
               Comitia
               or
               publick
               choice
               of
               Magistrates
               was
               almost
               fallen
               into
               the
               hands
               of
               the
               meanest
               people
               ,
               divided
               the
               whole
               Rout
               into
               four
               Tribes
               ,
               which
               he
               called
               City-Tribes
               ;
               by
               means
               of
               which
               wholesome
               act
               ,
               being
               a
               man
               otherwise
               famous
               in
               Warlike
               Acts
               ,
               he
               obtain'd
               the
               name
               of
               Maximus
               ,
               or
               Greatest
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               III.
               Of
               Military
               Institutions
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   Souldiers
                   first
                   tax'd
                   by
                   Pole.
                
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 
                   Military
                   Exercise
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 
                   The
                   first
                   use
                   of
                   the
                
                 Velites
                 ,
                 
                   or
                   light-armed
                
                 .
              
            
             
               THe
               Modesty
               of
               the
               People
               is
               also
               to
               be
               commended
               ,
               who
               by
               freely
               offering
               themselves
               to
               the
               labours
               and
               dangers
               of
               War
               ,
               prevented
               their
               Commanders
               from
               putting
               those
               that
               were
               tax'd
               by
               Pole
               to
               their
               Oaths
               ;
               whose
               extreme
               poverty
               being
               suspected
               ,
               made
               them
               incapable
               of
               being
               trusted
               with
               the
               Publick
               Arms.
               
            
             
               1.
               
               This
               Custome
               confirm'd
               by
               long
               use
               ,
               
                 C.
                 Marius
              
               first
               brake
               ,
               making
               Souldiers
               of
               those
               that
               were
               tax'd
               by
               Pole.
               A
               noble
               Citizen
               ,
               yet
               by
               the
               Novelty
               which
               he
               brought
               in
               ,
               not
               so
               propitious
               to
               Antiquity
               .
               Not
               unmindful
               ,
               that
               if
               Military
               Sloath
               should
               persist
               to
               despise
               humility
               ,
               he
               himself
               might
               be
               deem'd
               a
               Commander
               cess'd
               by
               the
               Pole.
               Therefore
               he
               thought
               i●
               best
               to
               obliterate
               that
               proud
               way
               of
               choice
               among
               the
               Roman
               Armies
               ,
               lest
               the
               contagion
               of
               that
               mark
               should
               spread
               it self
               to
               the
               obscuring
               his
               own
               glory
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               Discipline
               of
               handling
               Arms
               was
               recommended
               to
               the
               Souldiers
               by
               
                 P.
                 Rutilius
              
               Consul
               ,
               Colleague
               with
               
                 C●
                 .
                 Mallius
              
               :
               For
               not
               following
               the
               example
               of
               any
               Commander
               before
               him
               ,
               calling
               together
               the
               Teachers
               of
               the
               Gladiators
               ,
               from
               the
               Plays
               of
               
                 C●
                 .
                 Aurelius
                 Scaurus
              
               ,
               he
               first
               began
               to
               have
               the
               Souldier●
               learn
               the
               way
               of
               shunning
               and
               giving
               blows
               ,
               according
               ●o
               the
               reasons
               of
               Art
               ;
               mixing
               virtue
               with
               art
               ,
               and
               art
               with
               virtue
               ;
               strengthening
               vertue
               with
               the
               force
               of
               art
               ,
               and
               encouraging
               art
               with
               the
               force
               of
               strength
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               The
               use
               of
               the
               Velites
               ,
               or
               light-armed
               ,
               was
               first
               experienc'd
               when
               
                 Fulvius
                 Flaccus
              
               besieged
               Capua
               .
               For
               when
               our
               Horse
               ,
               being
               in
               number
               fewer
               ,
               were
               not
               able
               to
               resist
               frequent
               excursions
               of
               the
               Campanion
               Cavalry
               ,
               
                 Q.
                 Naevius
              
               a
               Centurion
               choosing
               out
               of
               the
               Foot
               certain
               that
               were
               nimble
               of
               body
               ,
               armed
               with
               light
               and
               crooked
               Spears
               and
               little
               Targets
               ,
               ordered
               them
               with
               a
               swift
               runni●g
               jump
               to
               joyn
               themselves
               
               with
               the
               Horse
               ,
               and
               by
               and
               by
               as
               swiftly
               to
               retire
               ;
               whereby
               the
               Foot
               being
               mingled
               with
               the
               Horse
               ,
               with
               thei●
               Darts
               not
               only
               infested
               the
               men
               ,
               but
               the
               horses
               likewise
               .
               Which
               unusual
               way
               of
               Fight
               was
               the
               only
               overthrow
               of
               the
               Companian
               Treach●●y
               .
               For
               which
               cause
               Naevius
               the
               author
               of
               it
               is
               still
               had
               in
               great
               honour
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               IV.
               Of
               Shews
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   Theaters
                   first
                   built
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 
                   Places
                   oppoint●d
                   for
                   superiority
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Original
                   of
                   Comical
                   Scenes
                
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   Of
                   Secular
                   Plays
                
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 
                   First
                   Secular
                   Playes
                
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 
                   Ornaments
                   and
                   pride
                   of
                   ●
                   lays
                   .
                
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 
                   First
                   Gladiator
                   ,
                   and
                   Wrestling
                   Shews
                   .
                
              
            
             
               1.
               
               FRom
               Military
               Institutions
               we
               are
               next
               to
               come
               to
               the
               City-Camps
               ,
               that
               is
               to
               say
               ,
               the
               Theaters
               ,
               for
               that
               upon
               them
               were
               many
               Combats
               oftentimes
               for
               victory
               ,
               invented
               both
               for
               the
               recreation
               of
               Men
               ,
               and
               worship
               of
               the
               Gods
               ;
               not
               without
               some
               blushing
               tincture
               upon
               the
               face
               of
               Peace
               ,
               to
               see
               D●light
               and
               Religion
               contaminated
               with
               civil
               blood
               ,
               meerly
               for
               Scenical
               Ostentation
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               They
               were
               begun
               by
               Messalla
               and
               Cassius
               ,
               Censors
               ;
               but
               by
               the
               authority
               of
               
                 Scipio
                 Nasica
              
               ,
               the
               whole
               furniture
               of
               all
               their
               work
               was
               publiquely
               sold.
               Afterwards
               a
               Decree
               of
               Senate
               pass'd
               ,
               that
               no
               one
               should
               have
               any
               sea●s
               in
               the
               City
               ,
               nor
               within
               a
               Mile
               thereof
               ,
               or
               behold
               the
               Playes
               sitting
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               that
               Manhood
               in
               standing
               ,
               joyn'd
               with
               relaxation
               of
               the
               Mind
               ,
               might
               be
               a
               mark
               of
               the
               Roman
               Fortitude
               .
            
             
             
               3.
               
               For
               Five
               Hundred
               Fifty
               Eight
               years
               ,
               the
               Senate
               stood
               mix●
               among
               the
               common
               People
               to
               behold
               the
               publick
               Shews
               .
               But
               this
               custome
               
                 A●ilius
                 S●rranus
              
               and
               
                 L.
                 Scribonius
              
               Edils
               abrogated
               ,
               when
               they
               made
               Plays
               to
               the
               Mother
               of
               the
               Gods
               ,
               following
               the
               judgment
               of
               the
               Elder
               Africanus
               ,
               and
               setting
               up
               seats
               for
               the
               Senators
               distinct
               from
               the
               people
               .
               Which
               thing
               alienated
               the
               Affection
               of
               the
               common
               people
               ,
               and
               weakned
               the
               high
               esteem
               which
               they
               had
               of
               him
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               Now
               I
               shall
               r●hearse
               the
               beginning
               and
               first
               original
               Institution
               o●
               Playes
               .
               In
               the
               time
               that
               
                 Sulpitius
                 Peticus
              
               and
               
                 Licinius
                 Stolo
              
               were
               Consuls
               ,
               a
               most
               violent
               Pestilence
               had
               afflicted
               our
               City
               ,
               then
               at
               peace
               abroad
               ,
               with
               new
               cares
               of
               preservation
               from
               in●estine
               calamity
               :
               And
               there
               was
               no
               help
               in
               any
               humane
               advice
               ,
               all
               reliance
               was
               upon
               the
               strict
               and
               new
               worship
               of
               Religion
               .
               Nor
               would
               the
               favour
               of
               the
               Gods
               lend
               any
               ear
               to
               the
               Verses
               compos'd
               for
               their
               atonement
               ,
               until
               the
               time
               which
               Romulus
               ,
               upon
               his
               ravishing
               the
               Sabine
               Virgins
               ,
               consecrated
               with
               particular
               Festivals
               ,
               which
               he
               called
               Consualia
               .
               Now
               as
               it
               is
               the
               custome
               of
               men
               to
               pursue
               small
               beginnings
               with
               an
               ardent
               affection
               ,
               the
               young
               men
               added
               gesture
               to
               the
               pious
               and
               reverent
               words
               which
               they
               us'd
               towards
               the
               Gods
               ,
               though
               with
               a
               rustick
               and
               uncompos'd
               motion
               of
               their
               Bodies
               .
               Which
               occasioned
               the
               calling
               of
               Ludius
               out
               of
               Hetruria
               ,
               whose
               comely
               swiftness
               after
               the
               manner
               of
               the
               Curetes
               and
               Lydians
               ,
               from
               whom
               the
               Hetrurians
               had
               their
               Original
               ,
               was
               a
               pleasing
               Novelty
               to
               the
               eyes
               of
               the
               Romans
               :
               and
               because
               Ludius
               was
               among
               them
               called
               Histrio
               ,
               therefore
               all
               Players
               were
               afterwards
               called
               Histriones
               .
               At
               length
               the
               Discipline
               of
               playing
               advanc●d
               it self
               to
               the
               measures
               of
               the
               Sa●yrs
               :
               whence
               first
               of
               all
               the
               Poet
               Livie
               took
               the
               affections
               of
               the
               people
               with
               Historical
               Arguments
               .
               He
               being
               often
               bawl'd
               at
               by
               the
               people
               ,
               to
               
               please
               um
               having
               injur'd
               his
               Voice
               ,
               at
               length
               by
               the
               assistance
               of
               a
               Boy
               and
               a
               Musician
               perform'd
               his
               Action
               in
               quiet
               :
               for
               he
               alwaies
               acted
               his
               own
               Works
               himself
               .
               The
               Attelans
               were
               call'd
               in
               by
               the
               Osci
               ;
               which
               fort
               of
               recreation
               being
               temper'd
               by
               the
               Italian
               Severity
               ,
               continued
               without
               any
               blemish
               ;
               for
               they
               were
               neither
               remov'd
               from
               their
               Tribe
               ,
               nor
               debarr'd
               of
               Military
               Stipends
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               And
               because
               it
               appears
               by
               their
               names
               whence
               the
               other
               Plaies
               had
               their
               derivation
               ,
               it
               may
               not
               seem
               absurd
               to
               relate
               the
               beginning
               of
               the
               Secular
               Games
               ,
               the
               knowledg
               whereof
               is
               least
               certain
               .
               At
               what
               time
               the
               City
               and
               Country
               was
               afflicted
               with
               a
               most
               violent
               Pestilence
               ,
               one
               Valesius
               a
               certain
               rich
               man
               ,
               who
               led
               a
               countrey-life
               ,
               his
               two
               Sons
               and
               his
               Daughter
               being
               all
               desperately
               sick
               ,
               as
               he
               was
               reaching
               some
               hot
               water
               for
               um
               from
               the
               fire
               ,
               kneeling
               of
               his
               knees
               ,
               pray'd
               his
               familiar
               Houshold-gods
               that
               they
               would
               turn
               the
               evil
               from
               his
               Children
               upon
               his
               own
               head
               .
               Presently
               he
               heard
               a
               voice
               ,
               which
               told
               him
               his
               Children
               should
               recover
               ,
               if
               he
               would
               carry
               them
               down
               the
               River
               Tiber
               to
               Taren●um
               ,
               and
               there
               refresh
               them
               with
               hot
               water
               from
               the
               Al●ar
               of
               Dis
               and
               Proserpina
               .
               Being
               troubled
               at
               this
               Prediction
               ,
               because
               it
               was
               a
               long
               and
               dangerous
               Voyage
               ;
               yet
               hope
               overcoming
               his
               present
               fear
               ,
               he
               carried
               the
               Children
               to
               the
               Banks
               of
               Tiber
               ,
               (
               for
               he
               lived
               in
               a
               house
               of
               his
               own
               ,
               in
               a
               Village
               call'd
               Eretum
               ,
               ad●oining
               to
               the
               Countrey
               of
               the
               Sabines
               )
               and
               in
               a
               little
               Vessel
               sayling
               to
               Ostia
               ,
               he
               put
               in
               about
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               Night
               at
               the
               Field
               of
               Mars
               .
               At
               which
               time
               th●
               Children
               being
               thirsty
               ,
               and
               there
               being
               no
               means
               to
               relieve
               um
               ,
               for
               that
               there
               was
               no
               fir●
               in
               the
               Vessel
               ,
               the
               Pilot
               told
               him
               ,
               that
               he
               had
               discovered
               a
               smoak
               not
               far
               off
               .
               Who
               thereupon
               being
               commanded
               to
               go
               ashore
               to
               Terentum
               ,
               that
               was
               the
               name
               of
               the
               place
               ,
               he
               hastily
               took
               a
               Cup
               ,
               which
               assoon
               as
               he
               had
               fill'd
               out
               of
               
               the
               River
               in
               that
               place
               where
               the
               smoak
               arose
               ,
               he
               return'd
               very
               chearful
               ,
               believing
               that
               now
               he
               had
               obtained
               the
               footsteps
               of
               a
               Remedy
               sent
               from
               Heaven
               ,
               and
               in
               a
               field
               that
               rather
               seem'd
               to
               smoak
               than
               have
               any
               reliques
               of
               fire
               ;
               getting
               such
               fuel
               as
               by
               chance
               he
               met
               with
               ,
               and
               stedfastly
               pursuing
               the
               Omen
               ,
               with
               continual
               blowing
               ,
               he
               kindled
               a
               fire
               ,
               and
               brought
               warm
               water
               to
               the
               Children
               .
               Which
               they
               had
               no
               sooner
               drank
               off
               ,
               but
               falling
               into
               a
               quiet
               sleep
               ,
               they
               suddenly
               recover'd
               of
               their
               distemper
               .
               Waking
               ,
               they
               related
               to
               their
               Father
               ,
               that
               they
               had
               seen
               they
               knew
               not
               what
               gods
               ,
               which
               wip'd
               their
               Skins
               with
               a
               Sponge
               ,
               and
               commanded
               them
               that
               they
               should
               offer
               Sacrifices
               of
               black
               Beasts
               at
               the
               Altar
               of
               Dis
               and
               Proserpina
               ,
               where
               the
               Potion
               of
               water
               was
               first
               brought
               them
               ,
               making
               withal
               Nocturnal
               Plays
               and
               Tables
               covered
               .
               The
               Father
               ,
               because
               he
               saw
               no
               Altar
               there
               ,
               believing
               that
               it
               was
               exp●cted
               that
               he
               should
               build
               one
               ,
               went
               to
               the
               City
               to
               buy
               one
               ,
               leaving
               upon
               the
               place
               certain
               Workmen
               to
               dig
               the
               founda●ion
               .
               They
               in
               prosecution
               of
               their
               Masters
               command
               having
               digg'd
               a
               matter
               of
               20
               foot
               deep
               ,
               at
               leng●h
               beheld
               an
               Altar
               inscribed
               to
               Father
               Dis
               and
               Proserpina
               .
               Which
               being
               told
               to
               Valesius
               by
               his
               Servant
               ,
               he
               left
               off
               his
               purpose
               of
               buying
               an
               Altar
               ,
               and
               off●r'd
               black
               Sacrifices
               at
               Terentum
               ,
               and
               provided
               Plays
               and
               cover'd
               Tables
               three
               whole
               Nights
               together
               ,
               for
               that
               he
               had
               three
               Children
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Whose
               example
               
                 Publius
                 Publicola
              
               ,
               who
               was
               the
               first
               Consul
               ,
               following
               ,
               out
               of
               a
               desire
               to
               recover
               the
               health
               of
               his
               Citizens
               ,
               making
               publick
               Vows
               at
               the
               same
               Altar
               ,
               offer'd
               certain
               black
               Oxen
               to
               Dis
               and
               Proserpina
               ,
               and
               caus'd
               Plays
               to
               be
               acted
               and
               Tables
               cover'd
               for
               three
               Nights
               together
               ,
               and
               then
               cover'd
               the
               Altar
               with
               earth
               as
               it
               was
               before
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               As
               Wealth
               increas'd
               ,
               Pomp
               and
               Magnificence
               
               was
               added
               to
               the
               Religion
               of
               Plays
               .
               To
               which
               purpose
               
                 Q.
                 Catulus
              
               imitating
               the
               Companion
               Luxury
               ,
               was
               the
               first
               that
               cover'd
               the
               Seats
               o●
               the
               Spectators
               with
               Canvas
               .
               
                 Cn.
                 Pompey
              
               before
               any
               other
               temper'd
               the
               heat
               of
               Summer
               ,
               by
               bringing
               little
               Streams
               to
               run
               along
               the
               sides
               of
               the
               Ways
               .
               
                 Cn.
                 Pulcher
              
               was
               the
               first
               that
               adorn'd
               the
               Scenes
               with
               variety
               of
               Colours
               .
               Which
               afterward
               An●onie
               cover'd
               with
               Silver
               .
               Petreius
               with
               Gold.
               
                 Q.
                 Catnius
              
               with
               Ebony
               .
               Lucullus
               made
               them
               of
               turn'd
               work
               .
               Spinther
               adorn'd
               them
               with
               Silver
               .
               Afterwards
               Scautus
               abolishing
               the
               use
               of
               Punick
               Cloaks
               ,
               brought
               in
               fashion
               a
               more
               exquisite
               kind
               of
               Garment
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               The
               Gift
               of
               Gladiators
               Shews
               was
               first
               presented
               in
               Rome
               in
               the
               Ox-Market
               ,
               in
               the
               Consulship
               of
               
                 App.
                 Claudius
              
               and
               
                 M.
                 Fulvius
              
               .
               Another
               was
               given
               by
               Mareus
               and
               Decius
               the
               Sons
               of
               Brutus
               ,
               to
               honour
               their
               Fathers
               Funerals
               .
               The
               Shews
               of
               the
               Wrestlers
               were
               presented
               at
               the
               charge
               of
               
                 M.
                 Scaurus
              
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               V.
               Of
               Frugality
               and
               Innocency
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   The
                   first
                   Golden
                   Statue
                   in
                   the
                   City
                   .
                
              
               
                 2
                 
                   The
                   Civil
                   Law
                   ,
                   with
                   Holidays
                   first
                   proclaimed
                   .
                
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 
                   The
                   first
                   examination
                   of
                   Witchcraft
                
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   The
                   first
                   Colledge
                   of
                   Musicians
                
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Frugality
                   of
                   the
                   Autients
                
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Chappel
                   of
                   the
                   Goddess
                
                 Feaver
                 .
              
            
             
               1.
               
               NEver
               any
               man
               beheld
               a
               Golden
               Statue
               either
               in
               the
               City
               ,
               or
               in
               any
               other
               part
               of
               Italy
               ,
               till
               there
               was
               one
               erected
               by
               
                 M.
                 Atilius
                 Glabrio
              
               to
               his
               Father
               ,
               of
               
               the
               Order
               of
               Knighthood
               ,
               in
               the
               Temple
               of
               Piety
               :
               Which
               Temple
               he
               himself
               dedicated
               in
               the
               Consulship
               of
               
                 Cor.
                 Lentulus
              
               and
               
                 M.
                 Bebius
                 Tamphilus
              
               ;
               his
               father
               having
               obtain'd
               the
               end
               of
               his
               Vow
               ,
               when
               he
               had
               overthrown
               Antioch●s
               at
               the
               Battle
               of
               Thermopylae
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               Civil
               Law
               was
               for
               many
               Ages
               concealed
               among
               the
               most
               sacred
               Areana
               and
               Ceremonies
               of
               the
               immortal
               Gods
               ,
               and
               only
               known
               to
               the
               High-Priests
               ;
               but
               at
               last
               made
               common
               by
               
                 Cn.
                 Flavius
              
               a
               Scribe
               ,
               whose
               Father
               was
               a
               Slave
               man●mitted
               :
               He
               being
               also
               made
               the
               Charioter
               Aedil
               ,
               though
               to
               the
               great
               offence
               and
               indignation
               of
               the
               Nobility
               that
               were
               Freemen
               born
               ,
               first
               ordain'd
               the
               Publication
               of
               Holy-days
               .
               Coming
               to
               visit
               his
               Colleague
               that
               was
               sick
               ,
               ●nd
               none
               of
               the
               Nobles
               ,
               of
               which
               the
               Room
               was
               full
               ,
               rising
               to
               let
               him
               sit
               ,
               he
               commanded
               his
               Seat
               of
               Office
               to
               be
               brought
               him
               ;
               and
               so
               in
               vindication
               of
               his
               own
               Honour
               ,
               and
               scorn
               of
               their
               Contempt
               ,
               sate
               down
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               The
               examination
               of
               Witchcraft
               ,
               formerly
               unknown
               to
               the
               Customs
               and
               Laws
               of
               the
               Romans
               ,
               came
               to
               be
               in
               use
               upon
               the
               detection
               of
               several
               Crimes
               committed
               by
               certain
               ancien●
               Matrons
               ;
               who
               having
               secretly
               poyson'd
               their
               Husbands
               ,
               being
               at
               length
               discovered
               by
               a
               Maid-servant
               ,
               above
               an
               hundred
               and
               seventy
               suffer'd
               death
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               The
               Colledge
               of
               Musicians
               drew
               the
               eyes
               of
               the
               common
               people
               upon
               them
               ,
               being
               wont
               upon
               private
               and
               publick
               Spectacles
               to
               play
               in
               Consort
               ,
               in
               vary-colour'd
               Habits
               and
               Masques
               .
               From
               thence
               they
               took
               farther
               liberty
               .
               Of
               old
               being
               forbid
               to
               diet
               in
               the
               Temple
               of
               Iupiter
               ,
               which
               was
               the
               anti●●t
               Custome
               ,
               in
               great
               discontent
               they
               re●ired
               to
               Tibur
               .
               But
               the
               Senate
               not
               brooking
               the
               want
               of
               their
               service
               at
               the
               s●cred
               F●stivals
               ,
               by
               their
               Ambassadors
               requested
               of
               the
               Tiburtines
               ,
               that
               they
               would
               send
               um
               back
               to
               Rome
               .
               They
               relusing
               to
               go
               ,
               the
               Tiburtines
               invited
               um
               to
               a
               
               great
               Banquet
               ,
               and
               while
               they
               were
               overcome
               with
               Sleep
               and
               Drink
               ,
               put
               um
               in
               Carts
               ,
               and
               sent
               um
               away
               .
               When
               they
               were
               return'd
               ,
               they
               were
               restor'd
               to
               their
               former
               honour
               ,
               and
               their
               priviledges
               of
               Play
               granted
               them
               .
               They
               us'd
               Masks
               ,
               being
               asham'd
               of
               their
               being
               circumvented
               in
               drink
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               The
               plain
               Diet
               of
               the
               Antients
               was
               a
               most
               certain
               sign
               of
               their
               Humanity
               and
               Continency
               .
               For
               then
               the
               greatest
               men
               took
               it
               for
               no
               discredit
               to
               Dine
               and
               Sup
               in
               open
               view
               .
               Nor
               had
               they
               any
               Banquets
               which
               they
               were
               asham'd
               to
               conceal
               from
               the
               eyes
               of
               the
               People
               .
               They
               were
               so
               addicted
               to
               Continence
               ,
               that
               the
               use
               of
               Pulse
               was
               more
               frequent
               than
               Bread.
               And
               therefore
               that
               Cake
               ,
               which
               was
               us'd
               in
               their
               Sacrifices
               ,
               was
               made
               only
               of
               Barley
               and
               Salt.
               The
               Entrails
               were
               sprinkled
               with
               Barley
               ;
               and
               they
               fed
               the
               Pullets
               whence
               they
               took
               their
               Omens
               ,
               with
               Pulse
               .
               For
               of
               old
               ,
               they
               thought
               the
               Offerings
               of
               their
               Diet
               ,
               by
               how
               much
               the
               plainer
               it
               was
               ,
               so
               much
               the
               more
               efficacious
               to
               appease
               the
               Gods.
               
            
             
               6.
               
               Other
               Gods
               they
               ador'd
               ,
               that
               they
               might
               do
               them
               good
               .
               But
               to
               the
               Disease
               Feaver
               they
               built
               a
               Temple
               ,
               that
               she
               might
               do
               them
               the
               less
               hurt
               .
               Among
               which
               there
               was
               one
               in
               the
               Polatium
               ,
               another
               in
               the
               Court
               of
               Marians
               Monuments
               ,
               a
               third
               at
               the
               upper
               end
               of
               the
               Long
               Village
               .
               And
               there
               were
               all
               Remedies
               laid
               up
               ,
               proper
               for
               the
               sick
               .
               These
               were
               found
               out
               by
               experience
               to
               asswage
               the
               heats
               of
               human
               rage
               ,
               besides
               they
               preserv'd
               their
               Health
               by
               the
               most
               certain
               assistance
               of
               Industry
               :
               Frugality
               being
               as
               it
               were
               the
               Mother
               of
               their
               Sanity
               ,
               an
               Enemy
               to
               luxurious
               Banquets
               ,
               and
               altogether
               averse
               from
               riotous
               drinking
               ,
               and
               immoderate
               Venus
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VI.
               Of
               Forreign
               Institutions
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   Frugality
                   of
                   the
                
                 Spartans
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 
                   Their
                   Military
                   Custome
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 Athenian
                 
                   Custome
                   against
                   idle
                   Persons
                
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Their
                 Areopagus
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 
                   Their
                   honour
                   of
                   Vertue
                
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 
                   Their
                   punishment
                   of
                   Ingratitude
                
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 
                   Various
                   Institutions
                   of
                   the
                
                 Massilienses
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 The
                 Ceii
                 
                   poysoning
                   themselves
                
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Law
                   of
                   the
                
                 Massilienses
                 
                   concerning
                   armed
                   Strangers
                
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Custome
                   of
                   the
                
                 Gauls
                 
                   in
                   lending
                
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Custome
                   of
                   the
                
                 Cimbrians
                 and
                 Celt●berians
                 
                   in
                   their
                   first
                   Onsets
                
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 
                   The
                   opinion
                   of
                   the
                
                 Thracians
                 
                   of
                   the
                   misfortunes
                   of
                   Life
                
                 .
              
               
                 13.
                 
                 
                   The
                   mourning
                   of
                   the
                
                 Lycians
                 .
              
               
                 14.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Fidelity
                   of
                   the
                
                 Indian
                 
                   Women
                   to
                   their
                   Husbands
                
                 .
              
               
                 15.
                 
                 
                   Prostitution
                   of
                   the
                
                 Punic
                 Women
                 .
              
               
                 16.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Custome
                   of
                   the
                
                 Persians
                 
                   in
                   Education
                   of
                   Children
                
                 .
              
               
                 17.
                 
                 
                   How
                   the
                
                 Namidian
                 
                   Kings
                   preserved
                   their
                   Authority
                
                 .
              
            
             
               1.
               
               THe
               City
               of
               Sparta
               follow'd
               the
               same
               Rules
               ,
               being
               the
               nearest
               to
               the
               Gravity
               of
               our
               Ancestors
               :
               who
               continuing
               for
               some
               years
               most
               obedient
               to
               the
               severe
               Laws
               of
               Lycurgus
               ,
               would
               by
               no
               means
               permit
               the
               eyes
               of
               their
               Citizens
               to
               behold
               the
               delicacies
               of
               Asia
               ;
               lest
               being
               tempted
               with
               the
               Allurements
               of
               that
               Countrey
               ,
               they
               should
               degenerate
               into
               a
               voluptuous
               Life
               .
               For
               they
               had
               heard
               that
               all
               manner
               of
               Excess
               ,
               all
               kind
               of
               unnecessary
               Pleasures
               did
               there
               abound
               ;
               
               And
               that
               the
               Ionians
               were
               the
               first
               that
               used
               Anointing
               and
               giving
               Crowns
               and
               Garlands
               at
               Feasts
               ,
               and
               brought
               up
               the
               custome
               of
               a
               Second
               Course
               ,
               no
               small
               incitements
               to
               Luxury
               .
               And
               it
               is
               no
               wonder
               ,
               that
               men
               delighting
               in
               Labour
               and
               Patience
               ,
               would
               not
               that
               the
               most
               indissoluble
               Nerves
               of
               their
               Countrey
               should
               be
               weakned
               and
               broken
               by
               the
               contagion
               of
               forreign
               Delicacies
               :
               finding
               it
               easier
               to
               decline
               from
               Vertue
               to
               Luxury
               ,
               than
               to
               recede
               from
               Luxury
               to
               Vertue
               .
               Which
               that
               it
               was
               no
               vain
               fear
               of
               theirs
               ,
               their
               Captain
               Pausanias
               made
               apparent
               ,
               who
               after
               he
               had
               perform'd
               great
               Actions
               ,
               was
               not
               asham'd
               to
               suffer
               his
               Fortitude
               to
               be
               softned
               with
               the
               effeminate
               Behaviour
               and
               Apparel
               of
               Asia
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               Armies
               of
               the
               same
               City
               were
               never
               wont
               to
               joyn
               Battle
               ,
               till
               they
               had
               heated
               their
               Courage
               with
               the
               sound
               of
               their
               Flutes
               ,
               whose
               Tunes
               went
               all
               in
               Anapaestic
               measures
               ,
               whereby
               they
               were
               taught
               to
               assail
               their
               Enemies
               with
               smart
               and
               thick
               Blows
               .
               They
               also
               were
               wont
               to
               use
               Scarlet
               Coats
               ,
               to
               hide
               the
               Blood
               of
               their
               Wounds
               .
               Not
               that
               the
               sight
               thereof
               was
               any
               terrour
               to
               them
               ,
               but
               that
               their
               Enemies
               should
               gain
               no
               heart
               or
               Courage
               thereby
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Remarkable
               was
               the
               Valour
               of
               the
               Lacedaemonians
               in
               War
               ;
               yet
               no
               less
               memorable
               were
               the
               most
               prudent
               Customes
               of
               the
               Athenians
               in
               Peace
               :
               Among
               whom
               Sloath
               was
               ferreted
               out
               of
               her
               lurking
               holes
               ,
               and
               brought
               to
               receive
               punishment
               as
               a
               Criminal
               ,
               in
               their
               publick
               Courts
               of
               Justice
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               There
               was
               also
               among
               them
               a
               most
               sacred
               Councel
               ,
               call'd
               the
               Areopagus
               ,
               where
               diligent
               enquiry
               was
               wont
               to
               be
               made
               what
               course
               of
               life
               every
               one
               took
               ,
               and
               what
               every
               one
               did
               to
               maintain
               themselves
               ;
               that
               men
               might
               be
               induced
               to
               follow
               honesty
               ,
               finding
               so
               severe
               accompt
               was
               taken
               of
               their
               Actions
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               This
               Council
               first
               introduced
               the
               custome
               of
               
               giving
               Crowns
               to
               vertuous
               Citizens
               ,
               encircling
               fir●●
               the
               famous
               Brows
               of
               Pericles
               ,
               with
               two
               little
               wreaths
               of
               Olive
               .
               A
               noble
               Institution
               ,
               whether
               we
               look
               at
               the
               thing
               ,
               or
               the
               Person
               .
               For
               Honour
               is
               the
               most
               fruitful
               nourishment
               of
               Vertue
               ;
               and
               Pericles
               a
               most
               worthy
               person
               for
               Posterity
               to
               take
               the
               example
               of
               giving
               Honour
               to
               desert
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               What
               shall
               we
               say
               of
               that
               most
               memorable
               Institution
               among
               the
               A●benians
               ?
               When
               a
               Servant
               manumitted
               by
               his
               Patron
               ,
               and
               afterwards
               convicted
               by
               him
               of
               Ingratitude
               ,
               the
               Servant
               was
               thereupon
               deprived
               of
               his
               Liberty
               .
               
                 We
                 dismiss
                 thee
              
               ,
               said
               the
               Councel
               ,
               
                 an
                 impious
                 contemner
                 of
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 gift
                 .
              
               Nor
               could
               they
               be
               induced
               to
               believe
               that
               he
               would
               prove
               a
               profitable
               Member
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               who
               was
               so
               wicked
               in
               his
               own
               Family
               .
               
                 Be
                 gone
                 therefore
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 a
                 Servant
                 ,
                 that
                 knowest
                 not
                 the
                 value
                 of
                 being
                 free
                 .
              
            
             
               7.
               
               The
               Massili●ns
               likewise
               to
               this
               day
               retain
               a
               very
               great
               strictness
               in
               Discipline
               ,
               through
               their
               observance
               of
               antient
               Customes
               ,
               eminent
               for
               their
               l●ve
               to
               the
               Romans
               .
               They
               perm●t
               a
               man
               to
               make
               void
               the
               liberty
               which
               he
               has
               given
               to
               his
               Servant
               ,
               if
               they
               finde
               the
               Servant
               to
               have
               deceived
               the
               Master
               three
               times
               .
               The
               fourth
               time
               they
               give
               no
               relief
               to
               the
               Master
               ,
               whose
               own
               fault
               it
               was
               to
               let
               himself
               be
               injur'd
               so
               often
               .
               The
               same
               City
               is
               also
               a
               most
               strict
               observer
               of
               Severity
               ;
               for
               they
               give
               no
               admission
               to
               Mimicks
               to
               come
               upon
               the
               Stage
               ,
               the
               subject
               of
               whose
               Plays
               consisting
               generally
               in
               relations
               of
               Adulteries
               ,
               lest
               the
               Custome
               of
               beholding
               should
               beget
               a
               Custome
               of
               committing
               the
               crime
               .
               They
               shut
               their
               doors
               against
               all
               that
               beg
               under
               pretence
               of
               Religion
               ;
               esteeming
               Simulation
               and
               Superstition
               two
               things
               not
               to
               be
               endur'd
               .
               The
               Sword
               with
               which
               Criminals
               are
               put
               to
               death
               ,
               hath
               been
               there
               ever
               since
               the
               City
               was
               built
               ,
               so
               rusty
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               scarce
               fit
               for
               the
               purpose
               ,
               but
               still
               remains
               to
               shew
               the
               
               great
               veneration
               which
               they
               give
               to
               antient
               Monuments
               .
            
             
               There
               are
               also
               two
               Coffins
               at
               their
               Gates
               ,
               in
               the
               one
               of
               w●ich
               they
               put
               the
               bodies
               of
               Free-men
               ,
               in
               the
               other
               of
               Servants
               ,
               and
               so
               put
               them
               in
               a
               Cart
               to
               be
               carried
               to
               the
               Grave
               :
               the
               Funeral
               is
               performed
               without
               lamentations
               or
               crying
               for
               the
               Dead
               ,
               making
               only
               a
               domestick
               Sacrifice
               ,
               and
               providing
               a
               Collation
               for
               the
               Kindred
               .
               For
               what
               avails
               it
               to
               indulge
               Human
               Passion
               ,
               or
               to
               envy
               the
               Gods
               ,
               because
               they
               would
               not
               share
               their
               Immortality
               with
               us
               ?
               Poyson
               is
               also
               kept
               in
               the
               City
               ,
               and
               is
               given
               to
               those
               who
               give
               sufficient
               reason
               to
               the
               
                 Six
                 Hundred
              
               (
               that
               is
               the
               name
               of
               their
               Senate
               )
               why
               they
               desire
               to
               die
               .
               Manly
               Courage
               being
               temper'd
               with
               Kindness
               ,
               while
               the
               Senate
               takes
               care
               that
               they
               do
               not
               inconsiderately
               make
               away
               themselves
               ,
               yet
               are
               willing
               to
               give
               as
               easie
               a
               Death
               as
               may
               be
               to
               those
               that
               upon
               good
               grounds
               desire
               it
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               Which
               Custome
               I
               believe
               not
               to
               have
               had
               its
               original
               in
               Gaul
               ,
               but
               to
               have
               been
               brought
               ou●
               of
               Greece
               ,
               finding
               it
               to
               have
               been
               observ'd
               in
               the
               Island
               of
               Ceum
               ,
               at
               what
               time
               going
               for
               Asia
               with
               
                 Sextus
                 Pompeius
              
               ,
               I
               came
               to
               the
               City
               of
               Iulida
               .
               It
               happened
               that
               there
               was
               in
               the
               City
               a
               Woman
               of
               very
               great
               Quality
               ,
               but
               very
               aged
               ,
               that
               had
               resolved
               ,
               after
               accompt
               given
               to
               the
               Senate
               why
               she
               desired
               to
               live
               no
               longer
               ,
               to
               make
               her self
               away
               with
               Poyson
               ,
               thinking
               her
               Death
               would
               be
               more
               famous
               through
               the
               presence
               of
               Pompey
               .
               Nor
               could
               he
               ,
               a
               person
               full
               of
               all
               Vertue
               ,
               and
               of
               a
               sweet
               disposition
               ,
               refuse
               her
               Petition
               .
               And
               therefore
               after
               he
               had
               in
               a
               most
               eloquent
               Oration
               ,
               that
               dropt
               from
               his
               lips
               like
               Honey
               ,
               us'd
               all
               the
               perswasions
               that
               might
               be
               to
               disswade
               her
               from
               her
               purpose
               ,
               and
               saw
               he
               could
               not
               prevail
               ,
               he
               permitted
               her
               to
               take
               her
               course
               .
               So
               having
               ●ast
               the
               Ninetieth
               year
               of
               her
               Age
               ,
               with
               a
               great
               magnanimity
               and
               
               chearful
               Countenance
               ,
               throwing
               her self
               upon
               a
               Bed
               ,
               which
               was
               more
               gayly
               trimm'd
               than
               ordinary
               ,
               and
               leaning
               upon
               her
               Elbow
               ,
               beholding
               
                 Pompey
                 ,
                 The
                 Gods
              
               ,
               said
               she
               ,
               
                 whom
                 I
                 leave
                 behind
                 ,
                 not
                 those
                 to
                 which
                 I
                 am
                 going
                 ,
                 give
                 thee
                 thanks
                 ;
                 because
                 thou
                 ●either
                 dost
                 exhort
                 me
                 to
                 live
                 ,
                 nor
                 loath
                 to
                 see
                 me
                 die
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 my self
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 always
                 been
                 in
                 Fortunes
                 favour
                 ,
                 lest
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 desire
                 of
                 life
                 I
                 should
                 finde
                 her
                 frowns
                 ,
                 I
                 am
                 willing
                 to
                 change
                 the
                 remnant
                 of
                 my
                 breath
                 for
                 a
                 happy
                 conclusion
                 ,
                 leaving
                 behind
                 me
                 two
                 Daughters
                 ,
                 and
                 seaven
                 Grand
                 children
                 .
              
               After
               that
               exhorting
               them
               all
               to
               Unity
               ,
               and
               dividing
               her
               Estate
               among
               them
               ,
               giving
               her
               Cloaths
               and
               Domestick
               Sacrata
               to
               her
               Eldest
               Daughter
               ,
               with
               a
               wonderful
               chearfulness
               she
               took
               the
               Cup
               wherein
               the
               Poyson
               was
               mixt
               ,
               in
               her
               right
               hand
               :
               Then
               pouring
               out
               her
               Offerings
               to
               Mercury
               ,
               and
               invoking
               his
               Deity
               to
               grant
               her
               a
               pleasant
               Journey
               to
               the
               best
               part
               of
               the
               Infernal
               Region
               ,
               greedily
               she
               drank
               the
               Potion
               off
               .
               Then
               as
               the
               Poyson
               seized
               her
               particular
               parts
               ,
               she
               told
               us
               ;
               and
               when
               she
               found
               it
               approaching
               to
               her
               Bowels
               and
               Heart
               ,
               she
               call'd
               her
               Daughters
               to
               do
               their
               last
               Duty
               of
               closing
               her
               Eyes
               .
               Our
               People
               admiring
               at
               so
               strange
               a
               sight
               ,
               departed
               with
               tears
               however
               in
               their
               Eyes
               .
            
             
               9.
               
               But
               to
               return
               to
               the
               City
               of
               the
               Massilians
               ,
               from
               whence
               this
               Digression
               made
               us
               wander
               ▪
               There
               is
               no
               person
               to
               enter
               their
               City
               with
               a
               Dart
               :
               But
               going
               forth
               again
               ,
               he
               that
               received
               it
               is
               ready
               to
               return
               it
               agains
               endeavouring
               thereby
               to
               make
               their
               Entertainment
               as
               safe
               as
               courteous
               .
            
             
               10.
               
               Going
               out
               of
               their
               Walls
               ,
               we
               meet
               an
               antient
               Custome
               of
               the
               Gauls
               ,
               who
               were
               wont
               to
               lend
               Money
               ,
               to
               receive
               it
               again
               in
               the
               other
               World
               ;
               being
               perswaded
               of
               the
               truth
               of
               the
               Immortality
               of
               the
               Soul.
               I
               should
               call
               them
               fools
               ,
               but
               that
               they
               were
               of
               the
               same
               opinion
               as
               Pythagoras
               .
            
             
             
               11.
               
               The
               Philosophy
               of
               the
               Gauls
               was
               covetous
               and
               usurious
               ;
               that
               of
               the
               Cimbrians
               and
               Celtiberians
               couragious
               and
               resolute
               ;
               who
               in
               Battle-array
               rejoyced
               that
               they
               should
               gloriously
               and
               happily
               die
               ,
               but
               upon
               their
               Death-beds
               lamented
               that
               they
               should
               perish
               poorly
               in
               shame
               and
               misery
               .
               For
               the
               Celtiberians
               thought
               it
               a
               crime
               to
               survive
               in
               Battle
               ,
               when
               any
               Friend
               was
               slain
               ,
               for
               whose
               preservation
               he
               had
               devoted
               his
               life
               .
            
             
               12.
               
               But
               the
               People
               of
               Thrace
               deservedly
               challenge
               to
               themselves
               the
               praise
               of
               Wisdome
               ,
               who
               at
               the
               Birth
               of
               Children
               weep
               ,
               at
               the
               Funerals
               of
               Men
               rejoyce
               ;
               taught
               by
               no
               other
               Precepts
               than
               the
               true
               condition
               of
               Human
               Nature
               .
               And
               therefore
               ,
               let
               all
               Creatures
               but
               extinguish
               in
               themselves
               the
               love
               of
               Life
               ,
               which
               compels
               them
               to
               act
               and
               suffer
               many
               ugly
               things
               ,
               especially
               when
               it
               lies
               in
               their
               power
               to
               make
               a
               happy
               and
               blessed
               end
               of
               living
               .
            
             
               13.
               
               Wherefore
               the
               Lycians
               ,
               when
               they
               have
               any
               occa●ion
               of
               lamentation
               ,
               put
               on
               Womens
               Apparel
               :
               that
               being
               moved
               with
               the
               deformity
               of
               the
               Habit
               ,
               it
               might
               be
               a
               motive
               to
               them
               to
               make
               a
               quicker
               end
               of
               their
               sorrow
               .
            
             
               14.
               
               But
               why
               should
               I
               insist
               longer
               upon
               the
               praise
               of
               Men
               ,
               though
               most
               couragious
               in
               this
               kind
               of
               prudence
               ?
               Let
               us
               observe
               the
               Indian
               Women
               ,
               where
               it
               was
               the
               Custome
               for
               one
               Man
               to
               have
               many
               Wives
               ▪
               Among
               whom
               so
               soon
               as
               the
               Husband
               died
               ,
               there
               us'd
               to
               be
               great
               strife
               and
               contention
               ,
               which
               was
               the
               best
               belov'd
               by
               the
               dead
               .
               She
               that
               gets
               the
               Victory
               ,
               triumphing
               for
               joy
               ,
               is
               led
               by
               her
               Kindred
               to
               her
               Husbands
               Funeral
               Pile
               ;
               which
               being
               set
               on
               fire
               ,
               with
               a
               chearful
               and
               smiling
               Countenance
               ,
               she
               throws
               herself
               into
               the
               midst
               of
               the
               flames
               ,
               and
               is
               burnt
               with
               her
               Husband
               ,
               accounting
               herself
               most
               happy
               in
               her
               end
               .
               Bring
               forth
               the
               Cimbrian
               boldness
               ,
               adde
               to
               that
               t●e
               
               Celtiberian
               saith
               ,
               to
               this
               joyn
               the
               generous
               wisdom
               of
               Thrace
               ,
               not
               forgetting
               the
               cunning
               custome
               of
               the
               Lycians
               in
               Mourning
               ;
               there
               is
               none
               of
               these
               that
               excels
               the
               Indian
               Funeral
               ,
               into
               which
               the
               pious
               Wife
               ,
               assured
               to
               die
               ,
               enters
               ,
               as
               into
               her
               Nuptial
               Bed.
               
            
             
               15.
               
               To
               their
               glory
               I
               will
               adde
               the
               infamy
               of
               the
               Carthaginian
               Dames
               ,
               that
               by
               comparison
               it
               may
               appear
               more
               odious
               .
               They
               had
               among
               um
               the
               Temple
               of
               Dry
               Venus
               ,
               where
               the
               Matrons
               were
               wont
               to
               meet
               .
               There
               ,
               by
               the
               injury
               of
               their
               Bodies
               ,
               they
               were
               wont
               to
               raise
               themselves
               Portions
               ;
               accounting
               it
               no
               dishonour
               ,
               to
               tie
               the
               honest
               Marriage-Knot
               with
               such
               a
               dishonest
               Band.
               
            
             
               16.
               
               But
               the
               Custome
               of
               the
               Persians
               was
               more
               laudable
               ,
               who
               were
               never
               wont
               to
               see
               their
               Children
               ,
               till
               they
               were
               Seven
               Years
               old
               ;
               that
               so
               they
               might
               the
               more
               easily
               brook
               their
               loss
               ,
               if
               they
               died
               in
               their
               Infancy
               .
            
             
               17.
               
               Nor
               was
               the
               Custome
               of
               the
               Numidian
               Kings
               to
               be
               blam'd
               ,
               who
               were
               never
               accustom'd
               to
               give
               a
               Kiss
               to
               any
               Mortal
               .
               Esteeming
               it
               fitting
               ,
               that
               Soveraign
               Authority
               should
               be
               void
               of
               all
               common
               and
               familiar
               Customes
               ,
               that
               might
               lessen
               the
               Reverence
               due
               to
               Majesty
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VII
               .
               Of
               Military
               Discipline
               .
            
             
               
                 Observed
                 by
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 P.
                 Scipio
                 Emilianus
                 Cos.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Q.
                 Metellus
                 Numidicus
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 P.
                 Rupilius
                 Cos.
                 
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Caius
                 Cotta
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Q.
                 Fulvius
                 Flaccus
                 Censor
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 A.
                 Posthumius
                 Tubertus
                 
                   Dictator
                   ,
                   and
                
                 T.
                 Manlius
                 Torquatus
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Quintus
                 Cincinnatus
                 Dictator
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Q.
                 Papirius
                 Cursor
                 Dict.
                 
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 L.
                 Calpurnius
                 Piso
                 Cos.
                 
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 Q.
                 Metellus
                 Proconsul
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 Q.
                 Fabius
                 Maximus
                 Proconsul
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 P.
                 African
                 
                   the
                   Greater
                
                 .
              
               
                 13.
                 
                 P.
                 African
                 
                   the
                   Less
                
                 .
              
               
                 14.
                 
                 L.
                 Emilius
                 Paulus
                 Pro●
                 .
              
               
                 15.
                 
                 The
                 Roman
                 Senate
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 External
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Carthaginian
                 Senate
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Clearchus
                 
                   Captain
                   of
                   the
                
                 Spartans
                 .
              
            
             
               I
               Now
               come
               to
               the
               principal
               Glory
               ,
               and
               chief
               establishment
               of
               the
               Roman
               Empire
               ,
               remaining
               to
               this
               day
               in
               a
               healthy
               continuance
               of
               inviolable
               Liberty
               ,
               knit
               together
               with
               most
               firm
               and
               lasting
               cords
               of
               her
               Military
               Discipline
               ,
               in
               the
               safeguard
               of
               whose
               bosome
               Peace
               and
               Tranquillity
               securely
               repose
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 Pub.
                 Cornelius
                 Scipio
              
               ,
               who
               received
               his
               Sirname
               from
               the
               ruine
               of
               Carthage
               ,
               being
               sent
               Consul
               into
               Spain
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               curb
               the
               insolent
               spirit
               of
               the
               Citizens
               of
               Numantium
               ,
               grown
               proud
               and
               losty
               through
               the
               remisness
               of
               the
               Captains
               his
               Predecessors
               ,
               the
               same
               moment
               that
               he
               entred
               the
               Camp
               ,
               made
               a
               Law
               ,
               that
               
               they
               should
               throw
               away
               all
               things
               whatsoever
               which
               they
               had
               about
               them
               ,
               that
               was
               only
               for
               bravery
               and
               pleasure
               ,
               and
               otherwise
               ,
               unnecessary
               .
               Whereupon
               there
               were
               above
               two
               thousand
               Whores
               ,
               Sutlers
               and
               Hucks●e●s
               turn'd
               out
               of
               the
               Camp.
               Upon
               which
               the
               Army
               ,
               being
               clear'd
               of
               all
               that
               luggage
               and
               filth
               ,
               that
               lately
               for
               fear
               of
               death
               had
               sham'd
               themselves
               with
               an
               ignominious
               Truce
               ,
               now
               refresh'd
               ,
               and
               recovering
               new
               vigour
               and
               courage
               ,
               in
               a
               short
               time
               laid
               the
               fierce
               and
               haughty
               Numantium
               level
               with
               the
               ground
               .
               Thus
               Mancinus
               miserably
               surrendring
               himself
               ,
               was
               an
               argument
               of
               Discipline
               Neglected
               ;
               Scipio
               gloriously
               triumphing
               ,
               publish'd
               the
               reward
               of
               Discipline
               Revived
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Metellus
               following
               his
               example
               ,
               when
               in
               the
               War
               with
               Iugurth
               he
               took
               the
               command
               of
               the
               Army
               as
               Consul
               ,
               corrupted
               through
               the
               Lenity
               of
               Albinus
               ,
               labour'd
               with
               all
               his
               might
               to
               recover
               the
               antient
               Discipline
               .
               Nor
               did
               he
               aim
               at
               particular
               parts
               ,
               but
               immediately
               reduced
               the
               whole
               into
               Order
               .
               First
               he
               remov'd
               the
               Sutlers
               out
               of
               the
               Camp
               ,
               and
               forbid
               Meat
               ready
               drest
               to
               be
               sold.
               He
               permitted
               none
               of
               the
               Souldiers
               to
               have
               Servants
               or
               Horses
               to
               carry
               their
               Arms
               ,
               or
               to
               fetch
               or
               provide
               um
               Victuals
               .
               Then
               he
               changed
               the
               place
               of
               the
               Camp
               ,
               and
               fortified
               himself
               in
               the
               same
               manner
               ,
               as
               if
               Iugurth
               had
               been
               at
               hand
               ,
               with
               Ditch
               and
               Breast-work
               .
               Now
               what
               was
               the
               event
               of
               Continence
               restored
               ,
               and
               Industry
               revived
               ?
               It
               obtain'd
               frequent
               Victories
               ,
               and
               innumerable
               Trophies
               from
               that
               Enemy
               ,
               whose
               back
               under
               an
               ambitious
               Commander
               ,
               it
               had
               not
               been
               the
               good
               fortune
               of
               the
               Roman
               Souldiers
               to
               see
               before
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Nor
               did
               they
               a
               little
               countenance
               Military
               Discipline
               ,
               who
               not
               regarding
               the
               affectionate
               ties
               of
               Kindred
               ,
               did
               not
               refuse
               to
               revenge
               the
               breach
               and
               neglect
               thereof
               to
               the
               infamy
               of
               their
               Families
               .
               For
               
                 Publius
                 
                 Rupilius
              
               the
               Consul
               ,
               in
               that
               War
               which
               he
               wag'd
               in
               Sicily
               against
               the
               Fugitives
               ,
               banished
               his
               Son-in-Law
               out
               of
               his
               Province
               ,
               for
               loosing
               negligently
               the
               Castle
               of
               Tauron●nitanum
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               
                 Caius
                 Cotta
              
               caus'd
               
                 Pub.
                 Aurelius
                 Peeuniola
              
               ,
               his
               ne●
               Relation
               ,
               to
               be
               publickly
               whipt
               (
               or
               rather
               run
               the
               Gauntler
               )
               &
               to
               serve
               as
               a
               common
               Souldier
               afterwards
               ,
               for
               that
               through
               his
               fault
               ,
               in
               the
               absence
               of
               the
               Consul
               ,
               who
               going
               to
               Messau●
               to
               consult
               the
               Auguries
               ,
               had
               left
               him
               in
               command
               of
               the
               Army
               ,
               the
               Fortification
               was
               burnt
               ,
               and
               the
               Camp
               almost
               taken
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               
                 Quintus
                 Fulvius
              
               Censor
               turn'd
               his
               Brother
               ou●
               of
               the
               Senate
               ,
               for
               that
               he
               had
               pr●sumed
               to
               send
               home
               a
               Cohort
               of
               the
               Legion
               wherein
               he
               was
               a
               Tribune
               ,
               without
               the
               leave
               of
               the
               Consul
               .
               What
               more
               difficult
               for
               a
               man
               to
               do
               ,
               than
               to
               send
               back
               with
               ignomihy
               to
               his
               Country
               a
               person
               nearly
               related
               by
               Family
               and
               Marriage
               ;
               or
               to
               use
               the
               severity
               of
               Stripes
               to
               a
               person
               allied
               in
               a
               long
               series
               of
               Blood
               and
               Kindred
               ;
               or
               to
               beed
               his
               Censors
               ●rown
               upon
               the
               dear
               Relation
               of
               a
               Brother
               ?
            
             
               6.
               
               But
               our
               City
               ,
               which
               hath
               fill'd
               the
               world
               with
               wonderful
               Examples
               of
               all
               sorts
               ,
               with
               a
               double
               face
               beholds
               her
               Axes
               reeking
               with
               the
               Blood
               of
               her
               Commanders
               ,
               lest
               the
               disturbance
               of
               Military
               Disciplin●
               should
               go
               unpunish'd
               ,
               pompous
               abroad
               ,
               but
               the
               cause
               of
               private
               grief
               enough
               ;
               uncertain
               whether
               to
               perform
               the
               office
               of
               congratulating
               or
               comforting
               .
               And
               therefore
               with
               doubtful
               thoughts
               have
               I
               coupled
               you
               two
               together
               ,
               most
               severe
               observers
               of
               Warlike
               Disc●pline
               ,
               
                 Posthumus
                 Tubertus
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Manlius
                 Torquatus
              
               ▪
               For
               I
               apprehend
               a
               fear
               of
               sinking
               under
               that
               weight
               of
               Praise
               which
               ye
               have
               merited
               ,
               and
               discovering
               the
               weakness
               of
               my
               Wit
               ,
               while
               I
               presume
               to
               represe●●
               your
               Vertue
               as
               it
               should
               be
               .
               For
               thou
               ,
               O
               Posthu●●s
               Dictator
               ,
               didst
               cause
               thy
               victorious
               Son
               
                 Aulus
                 P●●●humus
              
               
               to
               be
               beheaded
               ;
               thy
               Son
               whom
               thou
               didst
               beget
               to
               propagate
               the
               succession
               of
               thy
               renowned
               Race
               ,
               and
               the
               secret
               instructions
               of
               thy
               most
               sacred
               traditions
               ,
               the
               allurements
               of
               whose
               infancy
               thou
               hadst
               cherish'd
               in
               thy
               Bosome
               and
               with
               thy
               Kisses
               ,
               whom
               a
               Child
               thou
               hadst
               instructed
               in
               Learning
               ,
               a
               Man
               in
               Arms
               ;
               good
               ,
               couragious
               ,
               and
               obedient
               both
               to
               thee
               and
               to
               his
               Countrey
               ;
               only
               because
               without
               thy
               command
               ,
               without
               thy
               leave
               ,
               he
               had
               overthrown
               his
               enemies
               ,
               thy
               fatherly
               command
               was
               the
               Executioner
               .
               For
               I
               am
               certain
               ,
               thine
               eyes
               ,
               orewhelm'd
               with
               darkness
               in
               the
               brightest
               light
               ,
               could
               not
               behold
               the
               great
               work
               of
               thy
               mind
               .
               But
               thou
               
                 Manlius
                 Torquatus
              
               ,
               Consul
               in
               the
               Latine
               War
               ,
               didst
               command
               thy
               Son
               to
               be
               carried
               away
               by
               the
               Officer
               ,
               and
               to
               be
               slain
               like
               a
               Sacrifice
               ,
               though
               he
               obtain'd
               a
               noble
               Victory
               ,
               for
               that
               he
               had
               presum'd
               to
               fight
               with
               
                 Geminius
                 Metius
              
               Captain
               of
               the
               Tuscans
               ,
               when
               provoked
               to
               the
               Combat
               by
               him
               .
               Esteeming
               it
               better
               ,
               that
               a
               Father
               should
               want
               a
               couragious
               Son
               ,
               than
               thy
               Countrey
               want
               Military
               Discipline
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               Again
               ,
               of
               what
               spirit
               think
               ye
               was
               
                 Quintus
                 Cincinnatus
              
               the
               Dictator
               ,
               at
               that
               time
               when
               the
               Aequi
               being
               vanquished
               ,
               he
               compelled
               Minutius
               to
               lay
               down
               the
               Consulship
               ,
               because
               the
               Enemies
               had
               besieged
               his
               Camp
               ?
               For
               he
               thought
               him
               unworthy
               the
               greatest
               command
               ,
               whom
               not
               his
               Virtue
               ,
               but
               his
               Trenches
               and
               his
               Breast
               works
               secur'd
               ,
               and
               who
               was
               not
               ashamed
               to
               see
               the
               Roman
               Arms
               ,
               trembling
               for
               fear
               ,
               shut
               up
               in
               their
               Turn-pikes
               .
               Thus
               the
               most
               commanding
               twelve
               Fasces
               ,
               with
               whom
               remain'd
               the
               chief
               honour
               of
               the
               Senate
               ,
               of
               the
               Order
               of
               Knighthood
               ,
               of
               all
               the
               People
               ,
               with
               whose
               Nod
               all
               Latium
               ,
               and
               all
               strength
               of
               Italy
               was
               govern'd
               ,
               now
               shatter'd
               and
               broken
               ,
               submitted
               to
               the
               punishing
               authority
               of
               the
               Dictatorship
               .
               And
               lest
               the
               breach
               of
               Military
               Honour
               should
               go
               unpunish'd
               ,
               
               the
               Consul
               ,
               punisher
               of
               all
               Crimes
               ,
               must
               himself
               be
               punished
               .
               By
               these
               Propitiatory
               Sacrifices
               ,
               as
               I
               may
               so
               say
               ,
               O
               Mars
               the
               Father
               of
               our
               Empire
               ,
               when
               we
               degenerated
               from
               thy
               auspicious
               Discipline
               ,
               thy
               Deity
               was
               appeas'd
               :
               By
               the
               infamy
               of
               Kindred
               ,
               Relations
               and
               Brothers
               ,
               by
               the
               murder
               of
               Sons
               ,
               and
               the
               ignominious
               degrading
               of
               Consuls
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               To
               the
               same
               purpose
               is
               that
               which
               follows
               .
               
                 Papirius
                 Cursor
              
               Dictator
               ,
               when
               
                 Q.
                 Fabius
                 Rullianus
              
               Master
               of
               the
               Horse
               had
               contrary
               to
               his
               command
               brought
               forth
               the
               Army
               to
               Battle
               ,
               though
               he
               return'd
               a
               Victor
               over
               the
               Samnites
               ,
               yet
               neither
               mov'd
               with
               his
               Virtue
               ,
               with
               his
               Success
               ,
               nor
               with
               his
               Nobility
               ,
               he
               caus'd
               the
               Rods
               to
               be
               made
               ready
               ,
               and
               the
               Conquerour
               to
               be
               stript
               .
               A
               spectacle
               of
               wonder
               !
               to
               behold
               Rullianus
               ,
               Master
               of
               the
               Horse
               ,
               and
               a
               victorious
               General
               ,
               his
               Cloaths
               pull'd
               off
               ,
               his
               Body
               naked
               ,
               to
               be
               lacerated
               with
               the
               stripes
               of
               an
               Executioner
               ,
               to
               no
               other
               end
               than
               to
               sprinkle
               the
               glorious
               honour
               of
               his
               Victories
               ,
               so
               lately
               obtain'd
               ,
               with
               the
               fresh
               Blood
               of
               those
               Wounds
               ,
               which
               he
               had
               received
               in
               the
               Field
               ,
               drawn
               from
               his
               Body
               by
               the
               knotted
               stripes
               of
               the
               Lictor
               .
               At
               length
               the
               Army
               ,
               mov'd
               by
               his
               Prayers
               ,
               gave
               him
               the
               opportunity
               of
               flying
               into
               the
               City
               ,
               where
               in
               vain
               he
               implored
               the
               aid
               of
               the
               Senate
               ;
               for
               Papirius
               notwithstanding
               persever'd
               in
               requiring
               his
               punishment
               .
               Wherefore
               his
               Father
               ,
               after
               having
               been
               Dictator
               ,
               and
               three
               times
               Consul
               ,
               was
               compell'd
               to
               appeal
               to
               the
               People
               ,
               and
               upon
               his
               Knees
               to
               beg
               the
               assistance
               of
               the
               Tribunes
               in
               the
               behalf
               of
               his
               Son.
               Neither
               by
               this
               means
               could
               the
               Severity
               of
               Papirius
               be
               restain'd
               ;
               but
               being
               intreated
               by
               the
               whole
               City
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               Tribunes
               themselves
               ,
               made
               a
               protestation
               ,
               that
               he
               forgave
               the
               Punishment
               not
               to
               Fabius
               ,
               but
               to
               the
               City
               of
               Rome
               ,
               and
               the
               Authority
               of
               the
               Tribunes
               .
            
             
               9.
               
               
                 L.
                 Calpurnius
                 Piso
              
               also
               being
               Consul
               ,
               being
               in
               
               Sicily
               making
               war
               against
               the
               Fugi●ives
               ,
               when
               
                 C.
                 Titius
              
               Commander
               of
               the
               Horse
               being
               environ'd
               and
               oppress'd
               by
               the
               multitude
               of
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               had
               with
               the
               rest
               of
               his
               Souldiers
               deliver'd
               their
               Arms
               to
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               he
               punisht
               him
               wi●h
               several
               marks
               of
               Ignominy
               :
               He
               commanded
               him
               to
               march
               barefoot
               ,
               in
               the
               first
               Ranks
               ,
               from
               Morning
               till
               Night
               ,
               with
               a
               Jacket
               ,
               the
               skirts
               ▪
               whereof
               were
               cut
               off
               ,
               and
               his
               Cloak
               slit
               from
               top
               to
               bottom
               :
               he
               forbad
               him
               also
               the
               converse
               of
               Men
               ,
               and
               use
               of
               the
               Baths
               ;
               and
               the
               Troops
               which
               he
               commanded
               having
               taken
               away
               their
               Horses
               ,
               he
               divided
               them
               among
               the
               Slingers
               .
               Thus
               to
               his
               great
               honour
               did
               Piso
               revenge
               the
               great
               dishonour
               of
               his
               Countrey
               ,
               having
               brought
               it
               so
               to
               pass
               ,
               that
               they
               who
               out
               of
               a
               desire
               of
               Life
               ,
               and
               deserving
               to
               be
               hanged
               ,
               had
               suffer'd
               their
               Arms
               to
               become
               the
               Trophies
               of
               Fugitives
               ,
               and
               were
               not
               ashamed
               to
               permit
               the
               ignominious
               yoak
               of
               Servitude
               to
               be
               laid
               upon
               their
               Liberty
               by
               the
               hands
               of
               Slaves
               ,
               might
               experience
               the
               bitter
               enjoym●nt
               of
               Life
               ,
               and
               covet
               that
               Death
               which
               they
               had
               so
               effeminately
               avoided
               .
            
             
               10.
               
               Not
               less
               than
               that
               of
               Piso
               was
               the
               proceeding
               of
               
                 Q.
                 Metelius
              
               ;
               who
               at
               the
               Battle
               of
               Contrebia
               having
               placed
               five
               Cohorts
               in
               a
               certain
               station
               ,
               and
               seeing
               them
               retire
               through
               the
               multitude
               of
               their
               Enemies
               ,
               he
               commanded
               them
               immediately
               to
               endeavour
               to
               recover
               their
               ground
               again
               ;
               withal
               severely
               adding
               ,
               that
               if
               any
               of
               them
               flying
               were
               found
               in
               the
               Camp
               ,
               he
               should
               be
               used
               as
               an
               Enemy
               ;
               not
               hoping
               by
               this
               means
               to
               regain
               what
               they
               had
               lost
               ,
               but
               to
               punish
               them
               with
               the
               manifest
               hazards
               of
               the
               ensuing
               Combat
               :
               Yet
               they
               having
               received
               this
               check
               ,
               weary
               as
               they
               were
               ,
               having
               no
               other
               encouragement
               but
               Despair
               ,
               renewed
               the
               fight
               ,
               and
               with
               the
               slaughter
               of
               their
               Enemies
               recover'd
               their
               station
               .
               So
               that
               there
               is
               nothing
               like
               Necessity
               to
               harden
               humane
               Imb●cillity
               .
            
             
             
               11.
               
               In
               the
               same
               Province
               ,
               
                 Q.
                 Fabius
              
               the
               Great
               being
               desirous
               to
               bring
               down
               the
               fierce
               pride
               of
               a
               most
               haughty
               People
               ,
               forc●d
               his
               gentle
               disposition
               for
               a
               time
               to
               lay
               aside
               all
               Clemency
               ,
               and
               to
               use
               himself
               to
               utmost
               Rigoul
               and
               Severity
               .
               For
               he
               cut
               off
               the
               hands
               of
               all
               those
               that
               ran
               out
               of
               any
               Garrison
               of
               the
               Romans
               and
               were
               taken
               :
               That
               the
               sight
               of
               their
               maimed
               Limbs
               might
               breed
               in
               others
               a
               fear
               of
               revolting
               .
               For
               those
               rebellious
               Hands
               cut
               from
               their
               Bodies
               ,
               and
               scatter'd
               upon
               the
               bloody
               Earth
               ,
               taught
               others
               to
               beware
               how
               they
               committed
               the
               like
               Treasons
               .
            
             
               12.
               
               Nothing
               could
               be
               more
               milde
               than
               the
               Elder
               Africanus
               ;
               yet
               for
               the
               establishment
               of
               Military
               Discipline
               ,
               he
               thought
               it
               convenient
               to
               borrow
               something
               of
               Severity
               from
               his
               own
               natural
               Lenity
               .
               For
               having
               taken
               Carthage
               ,
               and
               gotten
               into
               his
               power
               all
               those
               that
               had
               fled
               from
               the
               Romans
               to
               the
               Carthaginians
               ,
               he
               more
               severely
               punisht
               the
               Roman
               than
               the
               Latin
               Fugitives
               .
               For
               the
               first
               ,
               as
               Deserters
               of
               their
               Countrey
               ,
               he
               nail'd
               to
               the
               Cross
               ;
               the
               other
               ,
               as
               perfidious
               Allies
               ,
               he
               only
               beheaded
               .
               I
               shall
               not
               urge
               this
               act
               any
               farther
               ,
               both
               because
               it
               was
               
               Scipio's
               ,
               and
               for
               that
               it
               is
               not
               fitting
               that
               a
               servile
               Punishment
               should
               insult
               over
               Roman
               blood
               ,
               though
               deservedly
               shed
               ,
               especially
               when
               we
               may
               pass
               to
               ot●er
               relations
               not
               dipt
               in
               domestick
               Gore
               .
            
             
               13.
               
               For
               the
               latter
               Africanus
               ,
               the
               Carthaginian
               Power
               being
               destroy'd
               ,
               made
               the
               Fugitives
               of
               other
               Nations
               to
               fight
               with
               Beasts
               in
               the
               publick
               Shews
               which
               he
               made
               for
               the
               people
               .
            
             
               14.
               
               
                 Lu.
                 Emilius
                 Paulus
              
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               vanquished
               Perseus
               ,
               caus'd
               all
               those
               that
               he
               had
               taken
               that
               were
               guilty
               of
               the
               same
               Crime
               to
               be
               thrown
               to
               the
               Elephants
               ,
               that
               by
               them
               they
               might
               be
               trod
               to
               death
               .
               A
               most
               profitable
               Example
               ,
               if
               we
               may
               be
               permitted
               modestly
               to
               judge
               of
               the
               actions
               of
               the
               greatest
               men
               without
               
               reproof
               .
               For
               Military
               Discipline
               requires
               a
               severe
               and
               quick
               way
               of
               punishment
               :
               For
               force
               consists
               of
               Arms
               ,
               which
               when
               they
               grow
               disobedient
               will
               soon
               oppress
               others
               ,
               unless
               they
               be
               brought
               low
               themselves
               .
            
             
               15.
               
               But
               it
               is
               now
               time
               to
               make
               mention
               ,
               not
               of
               what
               has
               been
               act●d
               by
               particular
               men
               ,
               but
               what
               order
               the
               whole
               Senate
               took
               to
               preserve
               and
               defend
               their
               Military
               Discipline
               .
               
                 Lucius
                 Marcius
              
               Tribune
               of
               the
               People
               having
               with
               wonderful
               courage
               got
               together
               the
               remains
               of
               the
               two
               Armies
               of
               P.
               and
               Cn.
               Scipio's
               ,
               which
               the
               victorious
               Carthaginians
               had
               almost
               ruin'd
               ,
               and
               being
               by
               them
               unanimously
               made
               General
               ,
               writing
               to
               the
               Senate
               a
               relation
               of
               his
               transactions
               he
               thus
               begins
               :
               
                 L.
                 Marcius
              
               Propretor
               .
               Which
               usurp'd
               Title
               the
               Senate
               would
               not
               permit
               him
               to
               take
               ,
               knowing
               that
               it
               was
               the
               Custome
               for
               the
               People
               ,
               not
               the
               Armies
               ,
               to
               choose
               the
               General
               .
               Which
               being
               a
               time
               that
               the
               Common-wealth
               was
               in
               great
               danger
               ,
               and
               had
               sustain'd
               great
               Losses
               ,
               one
               would
               have
               thought
               they
               should
               have
               rather
               flatter'd
               the
               Tribune
               ,
               who
               they
               saw
               so
               fairly
               acting
               for
               the
               restauration
               of
               their
               former
               Honour
               .
               But
               no
               Overthrow
               ,
               no
               Merit
               could
               sway
               the
               Senate
               more
               than
               their
               Military
               Discipline
               .
               And
               we
               may
               remember
               what
               a
               couragious
               Severity
               their
               Ancestors
               us'd
               in
               the
               Tarentine
               War
               :
               Wherein
               the
               Forces
               of
               the
               Common-wealth
               being
               very
               much
               weakned
               and
               broken
               ,
               when
               they
               had
               receiv'd
               a
               great
               number
               of
               their
               Captive
               Fellow-Citizens
               ,
               which
               Pyrrhus
               had
               sent
               them
               of
               his
               own
               accord
               ;
               they
               decreed
               ,
               that
               they
               who
               had
               serv'd
               on
               Horseback
               ,
               should
               serve
               among
               the
               Foot
               ;
               and
               they
               who
               had
               served
               as
               Foot
               ,
               should
               be-listed
               among
               the
               Slingers
               .
               Moreover
               ,
               that
               none
               of
               um
               should
               come
               within
               the
               Camp
               ,
               nor
               be
               permitted
               to
               for●ifie
               the
               place
               assign'd
               them
               without
               the
               Camp
               ▪
               nor
               that
               any
               of
               um
               should
               make
               use
               of
               a
               Tent
               
               made
               of
               Skins
               .
               But
               they
               propound●d
               the
               Ancient
               Custome
               of
               Military
               Discipline
               to
               all
               those
               that
               took
               double
               Spoils
               from
               the
               Enemy
               .
               These
               Punishments
               made
               them
               ,
               that
               were
               late
               the
               deformed
               Gifts
               of
               Pyrrhus
               ,
               to
               be
               his
               most
               eager
               and
               fierce
               Enemies
               .
               The
               same
               rigour
               did
               the
               Senate
               use
               toward
               them
               that
               deserted
               the
               Common-wealth
               at
               Cannae
               :
               For
               when
               by
               the
               strictness
               of
               their
               Decree
               they
               had
               reduced
               them
               to
               a
               worse
               condition
               than
               they
               who
               are
               dead
               ,
               and
               at
               the
               same
               time
               had
               received
               Letters
               from
               Marcellus
               that
               they
               would
               send
               um
               to
               him
               ,
               to
               assist
               him
               in
               the
               storm
               of
               Syracuse
               ;
               the
               Senate
               wrote
               b●●k
               ,
               that
               they
               were
               not
               worthy
               to
               be
               admitted
               into
               his
               Camp.
               But
               they
               would
               send
               um
               to
               him
               ,
               provided
               he
               would
               do
               with
               um
               as
               befitted
               the
               honour
               of
               the
               Common-wealth
               ,
               That
               they
               should
               never
               be
               freed
               from
               Service
               ,
               that
               they
               should
               never
               receive
               any
               Military
               Reward
               ,
               nor
               be
               permitted
               to
               return
               into
               Italy
               while
               there
               were
               any
               Enemies
               therein
               .
               Thus
               has
               Vertue
               alwaies
               despis'd
               pusillanimous
               minds
               .
               How
               hainously
               was
               the
               Senate
               offended
               that
               the
               Souldiers
               suff●r'd
               
                 Q.
                 Petellius
              
               the
               Consul
               ,
               most
               couragiously
               fighting
               against
               the
               Ligurians
               ,
               to
               be
               slain
               ?
               For
               they
               would
               neither
               let
               the
               Stipend
               of
               the
               Legion
               go
               on
               ,
               nor
               pay
               them
               any
               Arrears
               ,
               for
               that
               they
               had
               not
               offer'd
               their
               Bodies
               to
               the
               Darts
               of
               their
               Enemies
               for
               the
               safety
               of
               their
               Emperour
               .
               And
               that
               Decree
               of
               so
               noble
               an
               Order
               remains
               a
               glorious
               and
               eternal
               Monument
               of
               Petellius
               same
               ,
               under
               which
               his
               Ashes
               rest
               renowned
               in
               the
               Field
               by
               his
               Death
               ,
               in
               the
               Senate
               by
               their
               Revenge
               .
               With
               the
               same
               Courage
               ,
               when
               Hannibal
               sent
               them
               the
               liberty
               to
               redeem
               Six
               Thousand
               Romans
               which
               he
               had
               taken
               ,
               and
               which
               were
               Prisoners
               in
               his
               Camp
               ,
               they
               scorn'd
               his
               Kindness
               ;
               well
               knowing
               ,
               that
               if
               Six
               Thousand
               Young-men
               had
               resolv'd
               to
               die
               bravely
               ,
               they
               could
               not
               have
               been
               taken
               basely
               .
               So
               that
               it
               
               was
               hard
               to
               say
               ,
               which
               redounded
               most
               to
               their
               Ignominy
               ,
               that
               their
               Countrey
               had
               so
               little
               esteem
               and
               care
               of
               them
               ,
               or
               that
               their
               Enemies
               shewed
               so
               little
               fear
               of
               them
               .
               But
               if
               at
               any
               time
               the
               Senate
               shew'd
               themselves
               severe
               in
               the
               maintenance
               of
               Military
               Discipline
               ,
               certainly
               then
               they
               did
               it
               in
               a
               high
               measure
               ,
               when
               they
               imprison'd
               the
               Souldiers
               that
               had
               rebeliously
               possess'd
               themselves
               of
               Rhegium
               ,
               and
               Iubellius
               their
               Captain
               being
               dead
               ,
               had
               of
               their
               own
               heads
               chosen
               
                 M
                 Caesius
              
               his
               Secretary
               for
               their
               Leader
               ;
               and
               notwithstanding
               that
               
                 M.
                 Fulvius
                 Flaccus
              
               Tribune
               of
               the
               People
               declar'd
               that
               they
               proce●ded
               contrary
               to
               the
               Custome
               of
               their
               Ancestors
               ,
               yet
               persisted
               in
               their
               resolution
               .
               However
               ,
               that
               they
               might
               act
               with
               less
               envy
               ,
               they
               order
               Five
               Hundred
               after
               they
               had
               been
               whipt
               for
               several
               successive
               daies
               to
               be-beheaded
               ,
               ordering
               their
               Bodies
               to
               be
               buried
               ,
               and
               forbidding
               any
               Lamentation
               or
               Mourning
               to
               be
               made
               for
               them
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 Examples
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 This
                 ,
                 Conscript
                 Fathers
                 ,
                 was
                 gentle
                 and
                 full
                 of
                 mildness
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 consider
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Senate
                 in
                 ordering
                 their
                 Warlike
                 Affairs
                 ;
                 whose
                 Captains
                 imprudently
                 managing
                 a
                 War
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 proved
                 successful
                 ,
                 were
                 nevertheless
                 nayl'd
                 to
                 the
                 Cross
                 :
                 Imputing
                 what
                 they
                 did
                 well
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 assisting
                 Favour
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ;
                 what
                 they
                 did
                 amiss
                 ,
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Miscarriage
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Clearchus
                 ,
                 Captain
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 preserv'd
                 his
                 Military
                 Discipline
                 by
                 a
                 famous
                 and
                 notable
                 Saying
                 ,
                 continually
                 pealing
                 into
                 the
                 ears
                 of
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 fear
                 their
                 General
                 far
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 Openly
                 declaring
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 must
                 expect
                 to
                 suffer
                 the
                 same
                 pains
                 flying
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 fearful
                 to
                 receive
                 in
                 fight
                 .
                 Nor
                 did
                 they
                 admire
                 to
                 be
                 
                 thus
                 threatned
                 by
                 their
                 Captain
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 call'd
                 to
                 mind
                 their
                 Mothers
                 language
                 ,
                 who
                 when
                 they
                 went
                 to
                 Battle
                 were
                 wont
                 to
                 admonish
                 um
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 either
                 return
                 alive
                 with
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 be
                 brought
                 back
                 dead
                 with
                 their
                 Arms.
                 Thus
                 instructed
                 within
                 their
                 own
                 houses
                 ,
                 the
                 Spartans
                 us'd
                 to
                 ●ight
                 .
                 But
                 enough
                 of
                 these
                 Forreign
                 Examples
                 ,
                 having
                 more
                 plentiful
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 more
                 ●appy
                 ,
                 to
                 glory
                 in
                 of
                 our
                 own
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               VIII
               .
               Of
               the
               Right
               of
               Triumphing
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   Two
                   Laws
                   .
                   concerning
                   Triumphs
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Contentions
                   of
                
                 C.
                 Lutatius
                 
                   Consul
                   ,
                   and
                
                 Q.
                 V●lerius
                 
                   Praetor
                   about
                   Triumphing
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Cn.
                 Fulvius
                 Flaccus
                 
                   despising
                   his
                   Triumph
                
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   Why
                   Triumph
                   denied
                   to
                
                 Q.
                 Fulvius
                 and
                 L.
                 Opimius
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 
                   Why
                   also
                   to
                
                 Pub.
                 Scipio
                 
                   the
                   Greater
                   ,
                   and
                
                 M.
                 Marcellus
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Banquets
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   Triumphed
                   .
                
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 
                   Of
                   those
                   that
                   never
                   Triumph'd
                   upon
                   a
                   Civil
                   Victory
                   .
                
              
            
             
               MIlitary
               Discipline
               being
               vigorously
               maintain'd
               ,
               was
               that
               which
               won
               all
               Italy
               to
               the
               Roman
               Empire
               ,
               together
               with
               the
               command
               of
               many
               Cities
               ,
               great
               Kings
               ,
               and
               mighty
               Nations
               ;
               open'd
               the
               Streights
               of
               the
               Pontick
               Sea
               ,
               deliver'd
               up
               the
               B●rricadoes
               and
               Fortresses
               of
               the
               Alps
               and
               the
               vast
               Mountain
               Taurus
               ;
               and
               of
               a
               little
               Cottage
               of
               Romulus
               ,
               made
               it
               the
               Pillar
               of
               the
               whole
               World.
               Out
               of
               whose
               bosome
               since
               so
               many
               Triumphs
               have
               flowed
               ,
               it
               seems
               seasonable
               now
               to
               discourse
               of
               the
               Right
               of
               Triumphing
               .
            
             
             
               1.
               
               Some
               Commanders
               have
               requir'd
               Triumphs
               to
               be
               decreed
               them
               for
               light
               Battels
               :
               and
               therefore
               there
               was
               a
               Law
               made
               ,
               that
               no
               Captain
               should
               triumph
               unless
               he
               had
               slain
               Five
               Thousand
               of
               his
               Enemies
               in
               one
               Set
               Field
               .
               For
               our
               Ancestors
               believ'd
               ,
               that
               the
               Glory
               of
               our
               City
               consisted
               not
               in
               the
               Number
               ,
               but
               in
               the
               Glory
               and
               Magnificence
               of
               her
               Triumphs
               .
               And
               lest
               so
               brave
               a
               Law
               might
               come
               to
               be
               obliterated
               by
               too
               greedy
               a
               desire
               of
               the
               Lawrel
               ,
               it
               was
               supported
               with
               another
               Law
               ,
               which
               
                 L.
                 Marius
              
               and
               
                 M.
                 Cato
              
               Tribunes
               of
               the
               People
               brought
               in
               .
               For
               that
               made
               it
               criminal
               for
               any
               Emperour
               to
               multiply
               in
               their
               Letters
               to
               the
               Senate
               ,
               the
               number
               of
               Enemies
               slain
               or
               Citizens
               lost
               .
               And
               they
               were
               also
               commanded
               assoon
               as
               they
               enter'd
               into
               the
               City
               ,
               to
               swear
               before
               the
               City-Questors
               to
               the
               truth
               of
               what
               they
               had
               written
               to
               the
               Senate
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Having
               mention'd
               these
               Laws
               ,
               it
               will
               be
               seasonable
               to
               relate
               what
               was
               adjudged
               thereupon
               ,
               wherein
               the
               Right
               of
               Triumphing
               was
               discuss'd
               and
               debated
               among
               most
               worthy
               Personages
               .
               
                 C.
                 Lutatius
              
               the
               Consul
               and
               
                 Q.
                 Valerius
              
               the
               Praetor
               had
               overthrown
               and
               utterly
               ruin'd
               a
               very
               great
               Navy
               of
               the
               Carthaginians
               near
               the
               Coa●t
               of
               Sicily
               ,
               whereupon
               the
               Senate
               decreed
               a
               Triumph
               to
               Lutatius
               the
               Consul
               .
               But
               when
               Valerius
               requested
               that
               a
               Triumph
               might
               be
               granted
               to
               him
               ,
               Lutatius
               withstood
               it
               ,
               lest
               through
               the
               honour
               of
               Triumph
               ,
               the
               lesser
               Authority
               should
               be
               made
               equal
               to
               the
               greater
               .
               The
               contention
               growing
               higher
               and
               higher
               ,
               Valerius
               sues
               Lutatius
               ,
               pretending
               that
               the
               Carthaginian
               Navy
               was
               not
               overthrown
               by
               his
               Conduct
               .
               Lutatius
               puts
               in
               Sureties
               to
               answer
               .
               The
               Judge
               between
               them
               
                 Atilius
                 Calatinus
              
               meets
               ,
               before
               whom
               Valerius
               pleads
               ,
               that
               the
               Consul
               was
               lame
               and
               lay
               in
               his
               Litter
               ,
               and
               that
               he
               perform'd
               all
               the
               Offices
               of
               the
               General
               .
               Then
               Calatinus
               before
               
               Lutatius
               made
               his
               defence
               :
               Tell
               me
               (
               said
               he
               )
               Valerius
               ,
               if
               you
               two
               were
               of
               contrary
               opinions
               whether
               to
               fight
               or
               not
               ,
               whether
               were
               the
               command
               of
               the
               Consul
               or
               the
               Pretor
               to
               be
               obey'd
               ?
               Valerius
               answered
               ,
               that
               he
               could
               not
               deny
               but
               the
               Consul
               was
               chi●fly
               to
               be
               obey'd
               .
               Again
               ,
               said
               Calatinus
               ,
               if
               the
               Consuls
               and
               your
               Omens
               were
               different
               ,
               which
               were
               first
               to
               be
               follow'd
               ?
               The
               Consuls
               ,
               replied
               Valerius
               .
               Then
               said
               the
               Judge
               ,
               Seeing
               that
               upon
               these
               two
               Questions
               ,
               about
               the
               Chief
               Command
               and
               the
               Priority
               of
               Omens
               ,
               thou
               Valerius
               hast
               confest
               they
               Adversary
               to
               be
               superiour
               in
               both
               ▪
               I
               am
               not
               to
               make
               any
               further
               doubt
               .
               And
               therefore
               ,
               Lutatius
               ,
               though
               you
               have
               as
               yet
               made
               no
               Defence
               ,
               I
               give
               judgment
               on
               your
               behalf
               .
               A
               Noble
               Judge
               ,
               that
               in
               a
               business
               that
               was
               apparent
               ,
               would
               not
               spend
               and
               ●ri●le
               away
               his
               time
               .
               More
               probable
               and
               justifiable
               was
               the
               Cause
               of
               Lutatius
               ,
               who
               defended
               the
               Right
               of
               a
               most
               Soveraign
               Honour
               .
               Yet
               was
               it
               not
               ill
               done
               of
               Valerius
               to
               r●quire
               the
               Reward
               of
               a
               prosperous
               and
               couragiously
               fought
               Battle
               ;
               though
               it
               were
               not
               so
               lawfully
               demanded
               by
               him
               as
               by
               the
               other
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               What
               shall
               we
               say
               to
               
                 Cn.
                 Fulvius
                 Flaccus
              
               ,
               who
               when
               the
               Senate
               had
               decreed
               him
               th●
               Honour
               of
               Triumph
               ,
               so
               much
               coveted
               by
               others
               ,
               yet
               contemn'd
               and
               refus'd
               it
               ?
               Having
               enough
               to
               do
               with
               other
               things
               that
               befel
               him
               .
               For
               he
               no
               sooner
               enter'd
               the
               City
               ,
               but
               he
               was
               vext
               with
               publick
               Pros●cutions
               ,
               and
               at
               length
               was
               sent
               into
               Exile
               ,
               to
               expiate
               the
               offences
               which
               he
               had
               committed
               for
               want
               of
               Religion
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               W●er
               therefore
               were
               
                 Q.
                 Fulvius
              
               and
               
                 L.
                 Opimius
              
               ,
               the
               ●irst
               of
               which
               having
               taken
               Capua
               ,
               and
               the
               latter
               forc'd
               the
               Fregellans
               to
               a
               surrender
               ,
               both
               requested
               of
               the
               S●n●te
               liberty
               to
               Triumph
               .
               Both
               had
               done
               great
               things
               ,
               yet
               both
               missed
               of
               their
               desire
               .
               Not
               out
               of
               any
               envy
               that
               the
               Conscript
               Fathers
               had
               against
               um
               ,
               
               but
               out
               of
               their
               care
               of
               preserving
               the
               Right
               of
               the
               Law
               ;
               whereby
               it
               was
               enacted
               ,
               that
               Triumphs
               should
               be
               only
               decreed
               to
               those
               that
               had
               enlarged
               the
               Empire
               ,
               not
               to
               those
               who
               had
               only
               recovered
               what
               was
               in
               the
               possession
               of
               the
               Roman
               People
               be●ore
               .
               For
               there
               is
               as
               much
               difference
               between
               adding
               what
               was
               not
               ,
               and
               restoring
               what
               was
               ,
               as
               there
               is
               between
               the
               beginning
               of
               a
               good
               Turn
               and
               the
               end
               of
               an
               Injury
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               This
               Law
               whereof
               I
               speak
               was
               so
               carefully
               observed
               ,
               that
               Triumphs
               were
               denied
               to
               
                 P.
                 Scipio
              
               and
               
                 M.
                 Marcellus
              
               ,
               though
               the
               first
               had
               rec●ver●d
               both
               Spains
               ,
               and
               the
               latter
               had
               taken
               Syracuse
               ;
               by
               reason
               that
               they
               were
               sent
               to
               the
               man●gement
               of
               those
               affairs
               ,
               without
               being
               advanc'd
               to
               any
               publick
               Office
               of
               Magistracy
               .
               Spain
               ravish'd
               from
               the
               Empire
               of
               Carthage
               ,
               and
               the
               Head
               of
               Sicily
               cut
               off
               ,
               yet
               could
               not
               the
               Commanders
               joyn
               their
               Triumphal
               Chariots
               .
               But
               to
               whom
               ?
               To
               Scipio
               and
               Marcellus
               ,
               whose
               very
               N●mes
               resembled
               an
               eternal
               Triumph
               .
               But
               the
               Senate
               ,
               though
               they
               coveted
               nothing
               more
               than
               to
               see
               crown'd
               those
               Authors
               of
               solid
               and
               true
               Vertue
               carrying
               upon
               their
               shoulders
               the
               safety
               of
               their
               Countrey
               ,
               thought
               better
               to
               reserve
               them
               for
               a
               more
               justly
               menrited
               Lawrel
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               In
               this
               place
               I
               am
               to
               adde
               ,
               that
               it
               was
               the
               Custome
               for
               the
               General
               that
               triumph'd
               to
               invite
               the
               Consuls
               to
               Supper
               ,
               and
               for
               them
               so
               invited
               not
               to
               go
               ;
               that
               no
               person
               on
               the
               Day
               of
               Triumph
               should
               appear
               of
               greater
               Authority
               ,
               at
               the
               same
               Feast
               ,
               than
               the
               Triumpher
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               But
               though
               any
               Commander
               had
               done
               great
               things
               and
               never
               so
               profitable
               to
               the
               Common-wealth
               in
               a
               Civil
               War
               ,
               yet
               he
               was
               not
               to
               have
               the
               Title
               of
               Imperator
               ,
               neither
               were
               any
               Supplications
               or
               Thanks-givings
               decreed
               for
               him
               ,
               nor
               was
               he
               to
               Triumph
               either
               in
               Chariot
               or
               Ovant
               .
               For
               though
               such
               Victories
               
               were
               necessary
               ,
               yet
               they
               were
               full
               of
               Calamity
               and
               Sorrow
               ,
               not
               obtain'd
               with
               Forraign
               Blood
               ,
               but
               with
               ▪
               the
               slaughter
               of
               their
               Countreymen
               .
               Mournful
               therefore
               were
               the
               Victories
               of
               Nasi●a
               over
               
                 T.
                 Gracchus
              
               ,
               and
               of
               Opimius
               over
               
                 C.
                 Gracchus
              
               .
               And
               therefore
               Catulus
               having
               vanquish'd
               his
               Colleague
               Lepidus
               ,
               with
               the
               havoc●
               of
               all
               his
               Followers
               ,
               return'd
               to
               the
               City
               ,
               shewing
               only
               a
               moderate
               joy
               .
               
                 Caius
                 Antonius
              
               also
               ,
               the
               Conquerour
               of
               Catiline
               ,
               brought
               back
               his
               Army
               to
               their
               Camp
               with
               their
               Swords
               clean
               wash'd
               .
               Cinna
               and
               Marius
               greedily
               drank
               Civil
               Blood
               ,
               but
               did
               not
               presently
               apply
               themselves
               to
               the
               Altars
               and
               Temples
               of
               the
               Gods.
               Sylla
               also
               ,
               who
               made
               the
               greatest
               Civil
               Wars
               ,
               and
               whose
               Success
               was
               most
               cruel
               and
               inhumane
               ,
               though
               he
               triumpht
               in
               the
               height
               of
               his
               power
               ,
               yet
               as
               he
               carried
               many
               Cities
               of
               Greece
               and
               Asia
               ,
               so
               shew'd
               not
               one
               Town
               of
               the
               Roman
               Citizens
               .
            
             
               I
               am
               grieved
               and
               weary
               of
               ripping
               up
               the
               Wounds
               of
               the
               Common-wealth
               .
               The
               Senate
               never
               gave
               to
               any
               one
               ,
               nor
               did
               any
               one
               desire
               it
               ,
               while
               the
               Fathers
               of
               the
               City
               wept
               .
               But
               every
               one
               stretched
               out
               his
               hand
               for
               the
               Oaken
               Garland
               ,
               which
               was
               the
               Reward
               of
               him
               that
               had
               saved
               the
               Life
               of
               a
               Citizen
               .
               Afterwards
               the
               eternal
               glory
               of
               the
               Imperial
               Family
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               IX
               .
               Of
               the
               Severity
               of
               the
               Censors
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Of
                 Camillus
                 and
                 Posthumius
                 
                   towards
                   the
                   Batchelours
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Of
                 Valerius
                 Maximus
                 and
                 C.
                 Junius
                 Brutus
                 toward
                 Antonius
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Of
                 Cato
                 toward
                 Flaminius
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Of
                 Fabricius
                 toward
                 Rufinus
                 .
              
               
                 
                 5.
                 
                 Of
                 M.
                 Ant.
                 and
                 L.
                 Flaccus
                 toward
                 Domitius
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Of
                 Nero
                 and
                 Salmator
                 
                   to
                   themselves
                   and
                   to
                   the
                   People
                   of
                
                 Rome
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Of
                 M●ssa●a
                 and
                 Semproni●s
                 
                   to
                   the
                   four
                   hundred
                   Knights
                
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Of
                 M.
                 Regulus
                 and
                 P.
                 Po●lius
                 
                   toward
                   the
                   remains
                   at
                
                 Cannae
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 
                   Who
                   after
                   they
                   were
                   blemisht
                   came
                   to
                   the
                   Censorship
                   .
                
              
            
             
               THe
               most
               indissoluble
               Cord
               of
               Military
               Discipline
               ,
               and
               the
               strict
               observation
               of
               the
               same
               ,
               admonish
               me
               to
               pass
               from
               thence
               to
               the
               Censorship
               ,
               the
               Mistriss
               and
               Guardian
               of
               Peace
               .
               For
               as
               the
               wealth
               of
               the
               People
               of
               Rome
               ,
               by
               vertue
               of
               their
               Commanders
               ,
               increast
               to
               such
               a
               vastness
               ;
               so
               their
               Modesty
               ,
               Continency
               and
               Conversations
               were
               examin'd
               by
               the
               Censors
               Severity
               .
               A
               work
               equalling
               the
               glory
               of
               Military
               Actions
               .
               For
               what
               avails
               it
               to
               be
               couragious
               abroad
               ,
               and
               live
               ill
               at
               home
               ?
               To
               take
               Cities
               ▪
               conquer
               Nations
               ,
               and
               lay
               violent
               hands
               on
               Kingdoms
               ,
               unless
               there
               be
               Reverence
               ,
               Justice
               and
               Honour
               in
               the
               Courts
               of
               Law
               and
               Council
               ?
               For
               unless
               that
               be
               ,
               Riches
               heaped
               unto
               the
               Sky
               will
               have
               no
               stable
               Foundation
               .
               Necessary
               it
               is
               therefore
               to
               know
               these
               things
               ,
               and
               to
               record
               the
               Acts
               of
               the
               Censors
               Authority
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               Camillus
               and
               Posthumius
               ,
               being
               Censors
               ,
               commanded
               them
               that
               lived
               unmarried
               till
               they
               were
               old
               ,
               to
               bring
               a
               sum
               of
               Money
               into
               the
               Treasury
               by
               way
               of
               Penalty
               :
               deeming
               them
               worthy
               of
               further
               punishment
               ,
               if
               they
               should
               complain
               of
               so
               just
               a
               Constitution
               .
               Justly
               taxing
               them
               for
               not
               observing
               the
               Law
               of
               Na●ure
               in
               begetting
               ,
               seeing
               they
               had
               receiv'd
               Natures
               benefit
               in
               being
               born
               .
               Seeing
               also
               that
               their
               Parents
               ,
               by
               bringing
               them
               up
               ,
               had
               oblig'd
               them
               to
               a
               debt
               of
               continuing
               th●ir
               Off-spring
               .
               To
               this
               they
               added
               ,
               that
               Fortune
               had
               given
               um
               a
               long
               time
               to
               exercise
               that
               Duty
               ,
               and
               yet
               they
               to
               deprive
               themselves
               of
               the
               name
               both
               
               of
               a
               Father
               and
               a
               Husband
               .
               Go
               therefore
               ,
               said
               they
               ,
               and
               pay
               that
               which
               may
               be
               useful
               to
               the
               numerous
               Posterity
               of
               others
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               This
               Severity
               
                 M.
                 Valerius
                 Maximus
              
               and
               
                 C.
                 Iunius
                 Bubulcus
                 Brutus
              
               imitating
               in
               a
               punishment
               of
               the
               same
               nature
               ,
               put
               
                 L.
                 Antonius
              
               out
               of
               the
               Senate
               ,
               for
               that
               he
               had
               repudiated
               a
               Virgin
               ,
               whom
               he
               had
               married
               without
               consulting
               any
               of
               his
               Friends
               .
               But
               whether
               this
               Crime
               were
               greater
               than
               the
               former
               ,
               I
               know
               not
               well
               to
               determine
               :
               though
               this
               may
               ●e
               said
               ,
               that
               by
               the
               former
               the
               sacred
               Rites
               of
               Matrimony
               were
               only
               contemn'd
               ,
               by
               the
               latter
               injur'd
               .
               With
               great
               prudence
               therefore
               the
               Censors
               thought
               him
               ●nworthy
               to
               have
               admission
               into
               the
               Senate
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Thus
               
                 Portius
                 Cato
              
               removed
               
                 L.
                 Flaminius
              
               out
               of
               the
               number
               of
               the
               Senators
               ,
               for
               that
               he
               had
               in
               his
               Province
               caus'd
               a
               condemn'd
               person
               to
               loose
               his
               Head
               ;
               choosing
               the
               time
               of
               execution
               at
               the
               will
               and
               for
               the
               sight
               of
               a
               Woman
               with
               whom
               he
               was
               in
               love
               .
               He
               might
               have
               been
               forborn
               in
               respect
               of
               the
               Consulship
               which
               he
               had
               born
               ,
               and
               the
               authority
               of
               his
               Brother
               
                 T.
                 Flaminius
              
               .
               But
               the
               Censor
               and
               Cato
               to
               shew
               a
               double
               example
               of
               Severity
               ,
               thought
               him
               the
               rather
               to
               be
               degraded
               ,
               because
               he
               had
               with
               so
               notorious
               and
               foul
               a
               crime
               defil'd
               the
               Majesty
               of
               so
               great
               and
               high
               an
               Authority
               ;
               and
               that
               he
               had
               thought
               it
               a
               slight
               matter
               ,
               to
               give
               the
               same
               respect
               to
               the
               eyes
               of
               an
               Harlot
               delighted
               with
               humane
               Blood
               ,
               and
               the
               suppliant
               hands
               of
               King
               Philip.
               
            
             
               4.
               
               Why
               should
               I
               mention
               the
               Censorship
               of
               
                 Fabricius
                 Luscinus
              
               ?
               All
               ages
               have
               told
               us
               ,
               and
               will
               still
               declare
               to
               us
               ,
               that
               
                 Cornelius
                 Rufinus
              
               was
               by
               him
               turn'd
               out
               of
               the
               Senate
               ,
               because
               he
               had
               bought
               some
               Silver
               Houshold-stuff
               ,
               to
               the
               value
               of
               ten
               Pounds
               ,
               as
               affording
               a
               bad
               example
               of
               Luxury
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               
                 M.
                 Antonius
              
               and
               
                 L.
                 Flac●us
              
               remov'd
               Duronius
               
               from
               the
               Senate
               ,
               because
               he
               had
               abrogated
               a
               Law
               ,
               whereby
               the
               costs
               of
               Banquets
               was
               limited
               ,
               with
               very
               good
               reason
               for
               so
               doing
               .
               For
               how
               impudently
               did
               Duronius
               in
               the
               Pulpits
               for
               Orations
               utter
               these
               words
               !
               
                 There
                 are
                 bridles
                 put
                 into
                 your
                 mouths
                 ,
                 most
                 worthy
                 Senators
                 ,
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 to
                 be
                 endured
                 .
                 Ye
                 are
                 bound
                 and
                 b●mper'd
                 in
                 the
                 bitter
                 shackles
                 of
                 Servitude
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Law
                 made
                 ,
                 that
                 ye
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 frugal
                 .
                 Let
                 us
                 abrogate
                 therefore
                 that
                 command
                 ,
                 so
                 deformed
                 with
                 the
                 rust
                 of
                 nasty
                 Antiquity
                 .
                 For
                 what
                 need
                 of
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 that
                 will
                 kill
                 themselves
                 with
                 Luxury
                 ,
                 may
                 not
                 ?
              
            
             
               6.
               
               Let
               us
               now
               produce
               a
               pair
               ,
               linked
               together
               with
               the
               same
               Chain
               of
               Vertue
               ,
               and
               society
               in
               goodness
               ,
               yet
               dissenting
               when
               they
               came
               to
               be
               struck
               with
               the
               hook
               of
               Emulation
               .
               Claudius-Nero
               ,
               and
               
                 Livius
                 Salinator
              
               ,
               in
               the
               second
               
               Punick-war
               ,
               strong
               supports
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               ;
               yet
               how
               divided
               was
               their
               Censorship
               !
               For
               when
               they
               numbered
               the
               Centuries
               of
               the
               Horse
               ,
               of
               which
               number
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               strength
               of
               their
               years
               ,
               they
               themselves
               were
               ,
               when
               they
               came
               to
               the
               Polian
               Tribe
               ,
               the
               Cryer
               seeing
               the
               name
               of
               Salinator
               ,
               b●gan
               to
               doubt
               with
               himself
               whether
               he
               should
               call
               him
               or
               no
               ;
               which
               when
               Nero
               understood
               ,
               he
               caused
               his
               Colleague
               not
               onely
               to
               be
               cited
               ,
               but
               to
               fell
               his
               horse
               ,
               because
               he
               was
               condemned
               by
               the
               judgement
               of
               the
               people
               .
               Salinator
               also
               prosecuted
               Nero
               with
               the
               same
               severity
               ,
               giving
               this
               for
               a
               reason
               :
               Because
               he
               had
               not
               sincerely
               returned
               into
               Friendship
               with
               him
               .
               To
               whom
               if
               any
               of
               the
               Celestial
               Deities
               had
               signified
               that
               they
               in
               a
               long
               series
               of
               posterity
               should
               lay
               the
               foundation
               of
               our
               Guardian
               Princes
               Family
               ,
               they
               would
               soon
               have
               entered
               into
               a
               strict
               League
               of
               indissoluble
               kindness
               ,
               being
               such
               as
               were
               to
               leave
               their
               preserved
               Country
               to
               thirty
               divided
               Off-spring
               .
               But
               Salinator
               adv●ntured
               to
               cast
               thirty
               four
               Tribes
               among
               the
               Aerarii
               ,
               because
               that
               having
               condemned
               him
               ,
               they
               afterwards
               
               made
               him
               Consul
               and
               Censor
               ,
               pretending
               they
               must
               either
               be
               guilty
               of
               very
               great
               rashness
               or
               perjury
               .
               The
               Moetian
               Tribe
               onely
               he
               left
               void
               of
               disgrace
               ,
               who
               by
               their
               Suffrages
               judged
               him
               neither
               to
               merit
               Condemning
               ,
               or
               worthy
               of
               Honour
               .
               How
               constant
               and
               resolute
               a
               Genius
               had
               that
               man
               ?
               who
               neither
               by
               the
               sad
               event
               of
               Condemnation
               ,
               nor
               by
               the
               multiplication
               of
               Honour
               ,
               could
               be
               brought
               to
               carry
               himself
               otherwise
               than
               severely
               in
               the
               Administration
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               !
            
             
               7.
               
               Four
               hundred
               Young-men
               also
               of
               the
               Order
               of
               Knighthood
               ,
               being
               a
               great
               part
               thereof
               ,
               patiently
               underwent
               the
               Censors
               Mark
               of
               disgrace
               ;
               all
               which
               
                 M.
                 Valerius
              
               ,
               and
               
                 P.
                 Sempronius
              
               ,
               taking
               their
               horses
               from
               'um
               ,
               reduced
               into
               the
               Order
               of
               Aerarii
               ,
               for
               that
               being
               commanded
               to
               work
               at
               the
               Entrenchments
               ,
               they
               neglected
               ●o
               go
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               Shameful
               Cowardise
               was
               likewise
               by
               the
               Censors
               severely
               punished
               :
               For
               
                 Attilius
                 Regulus
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Furius
                 Philus
              
               ,
               caused
               the
               
                 Questor
                 Metellus
              
               ,
               and
               several
               Roman
               Knights
               ,
               to
               be
               degraded
               among
               the
               Aerarii
               ,
               taking
               their
               horses
               from
               'um
               ,
               because
               that
               after
               the
               overthrow
               at
               Cannae
               ,
               they
               had
               made
               a
               resolution
               to
               leave
               Italy
               ;
               setting
               a
               great
               mark
               of
               Infamy
               upon
               them
               for
               another
               thing
               .
               For
               being
               taken
               by
               Hannibal
               ,
               and
               afterwards
               by
               him
               sent
               as
               Embassadors
               for
               exchange
               of
               Prisoners
               ,
               because
               they
               could
               not
               obtain
               their
               request
               ,
               they
               would
               not
               return
               :
               but
               it
               was
               convenient
               for
               all
               of
               Roman
               blood
               to
               keep
               their
               Faith
               ,
               wherefore
               Regulus
               the
               Censor
               noted
               them
               for
               Perjury
               ;
               whose
               Father
               rather
               chose
               to
               suffer
               utmost
               torment
               ,
               than
               break
               his
               word
               with
               the
               Carthaginians
               .
               This
               Censorship
               translated
               it self
               out
               of
               the
               City
               into
               the
               Camp
               ,
               which
               would
               that
               the
               Enemy
               should
               neither
               be
               feared
               nor
               deceived
               .
            
             
               9.
               
               Two
               Examples
               ,
               being
               alike
               ,
               we
               have
               thought
               fit
               
               to
               adde
               .
               
                 C.
                 Geta
              
               being
               remov'd
               by
               
                 L.
                 Metell●s
              
               and
               
                 Cn.
                 Domitius
              
               Censors
               from
               the
               Senate
               ,
               was
               afterwards
               made
               Censor
               himself
               .
            
             
               Also
               
                 M.
                 Valerius
                 Messala
              
               having
               been
               disgraced
               by
               the
               Censor
               ,
               was
               afterward
               advanced
               to
               the
               Censors
               place
               .
               For
               such
               Disgrace
               sharpens
               Virtue
               ;
               Shame
               stirring
               them
               up
               to
               use
               all
               their
               endeavors
               to
               become
               worthy
               Citizens
               ,
               to
               whom
               the
               Censorship
               ought
               to
               be
               rather
               offer'd
               ,
               than
               taken
               from
               them
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               X.
               Of
               Majesty
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Q.
                 Metellus
                 Numidicus
                 
                   before
                   the
                   Iudges
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   Elder
                
                 Africanus
                 before
                 Antiochus
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   others
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Of
                 Aemilius
                 Paulus
                 
                   among
                   the
                
                 Macedonians
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   Greater
                
                 Africanus
                 
                   to
                   the
                   King
                
                 Massinissa
                 and
                 Carthaginians
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Of
                 Rutilius
                 
                   the
                   E●ile
                   among
                   the
                   Cities
                   of
                
                 Asia
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Of
                 Marius
                 
                   proscrib'd
                   among
                   the
                
                 Minturnians
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Of
                 Cato
                 Uticensis
                 
                   in
                   the
                   Senate
                
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 
                   The
                   same
                   towards
                   the
                   People
                   of
                
                 Rome
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Of
                 FORRAINERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Harmodius
                 and
                 Aristogiton
                 to
                 Xe●xes
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Xenocrates
                 
                   among
                   the
                
                 Athenians
                 .
              
            
             
               THere
               is
               also
               that
               Majesty
               among
               Illustrious
               Men
               ,
               as
               it
               were
               a
               private
               Censorship
               ,
               without
               the
               Honour
               of
               Tribunals
               ,
               without
               the
               attendance
               of
               Officers
               ,
               powerful
               in
               the
               obtaining
               of
               Greatness
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               For
               what
               greater
               Honour
               could
               be
               given
               to
               any
               one
               ,
               than
               what
               was
               given
               to
               Metellus
               ,
               though
               he
               stood
               
               accus'd
               of
               a
               Crime
               .
               For
               when
               he
               pleaded
               for
               himself
               upon
               a
               charge
               of
               Bribery
               ,
               and
               his
               Accompts
               were
               demanded
               by
               his
               Accusers
               ,
               and
               were
               brought
               forth
               to
               be
               inspected
               ,
               the
               whole
               Council
               refused
               to
               look
               upon
               them
               ,
               lest
               they
               should
               s●em
               to
               doubt
               of
               the
               truth
               of
               any
               thing
               that
               was
               therein
               contained
               .
               For
               the
               Judges
               lookt
               upon
               the
               Life
               of
               so
               great
               a
               man
               ,
               as
               an
               argument
               that
               he
               had
               prudently
               administred
               the
               Common-wealth
               .
               And
               thought
               it
               an
               unworthy
               thing
               ●o
               ballance
               a
               little
               Wax
               and
               a
               few
               Writings
               with
               the
               Integ●ity
               of
               so
               famous
               a
               Person
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               But
               what
               wonder
               ,
               that
               due
               honour
               was
               given
               to
               Metellus
               by
               his
               Fellow-citizens
               ,
               which
               an
               enemy
               did
               not
               refrain
               to
               render
               to
               the
               Elder
               Africanus
               ?
               For
               Antiochus
               ,
               in
               the
               War
               which
               he
               made
               against
               the
               Romans
               ,
               having
               taken
               his
               Son
               Prisoner
               ,
               not
               onely
               honourably
               entertained
               him
               ,
               but
               also
               sent
               him
               to
               his
               Father
               ,
               laden
               with
               Royal
               Gifts
               ,
               though
               he
               were
               then
               almost
               driven
               out
               of
               his
               Kingdom
               by
               him
               .
               But
               the
               enraged
               King
               rather
               chose
               to
               reverence
               the
               Majesty
               of
               so
               great
               a
               man
               ,
               than
               revenge
               his
               own
               misfortune
               .
               To
               the
               same
               Africanus
               being
               retired
               to
               his
               Country-house
               in
               the
               Village
               of
               Liternium
               ,
               several
               Captains
               of
               Pirates
               being
               in
               the
               same
               place
               ,
               came
               to
               see
               him
               :
               He
               believing
               they
               came
               to
               do
               him
               some
               mischief
               ,
               placed
               a
               Guard
               of
               his
               Domestick
               Servants
               upon
               the
               top
               of
               his
               house
               ,
               being
               well
               prepared
               with
               force
               and
               courage
               to
               beat
               them
               off
               ▪
               Which
               when
               the
               said
               Captains
               perceived
               ,
               immediately
               sending
               back
               their
               Souldiers
               ,
               and
               throw●ng
               their
               Arms
               away
               ,
               they
               approach
               to
               the
               Lord
               ,
               declaring
               themselves
               to
               be
               his
               friends
               ,
               requesting
               the
               sight
               and
               company
               of
               so
               great
               a
               man
               ,
               as
               it
               had
               been
               a
               favour
               from
               Heaven
               ,
               and
               desiring
               him
               to
               vouchsafe
               them
               the
               secure
               spectacle
               of
               his
               greatness
               .
               Which
               words
               when
               the
               Servants
               related
               to
               Scipio
               ,
               he
               commanded
               the
               doors
               to
               be
               unlock'd
               ,
               and
               the
               Captains
               to
               be
               let
               in
               ;
               who
               reverencing
               
               the
               Threshold
               as
               it
               had
               been
               some
               sacred
               Altar
               ,
               or
               Religious
               Temple
               ,
               with
               great
               eagerness
               approached
               to
               kiss
               his
               hands
               .
               And
               after
               they
               had
               spent
               a
               long
               time
               in
               admiration
               of
               him
               ,
               leaving
               great
               Gifts
               in
               the
               Porch
               ,
               such
               as
               they
               us'd
               to
               offer
               to
               the
               Immortal
               Gods
               ,
               they
               departed
               to
               their
               Ships
               .
               What
               could
               be
               more
               noble
               than
               this
               effect
               and
               fruit
               of
               Majesty
               ?
               What
               more
               pl●asing
               to
               behold
               or
               enjoy
               ?
               His
               enemy
               appeas'd
               their
               wrath
               with
               admiration
               .
               His
               Presence
               stupified
               the
               joyful
               eyes
               of
               the
               Pyrats
               .
               Should
               the
               Stars
               falling
               from
               Heaven
               offer
               themselves
               to
               men
               ,
               they
               could
               n●t
               be
               capable
               of
               greater
               adoration
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               This
               hapned
               to
               Scipio
               being
               alive
               ;
               this
               other
               to
               
                 Aemilius
                 Paulus
              
               b●ing
               dead
               .
               For
               when
               his
               Funerals
               were
               celebrated
               ,
               and
               that
               by
               chance
               certain
               Princes
               of
               Macedon
               were
               then
               abiding
               at
               Rome
               as
               Embassadors
               to
               the
               Senate
               ,
               they
               willingly
               offer'd
               themselves
               to
               carry
               the
               F●neral
               Bed.
               Which
               will
               seem
               so
               much
               the
               greater
               Honour
               ,
               considering
               that
               the
               forepart
               of
               the
               Bier
               was
               adorn'd
               with
               the
               Trophies
               of
               his
               Macedonian
               Conquests
               .
               For
               how
               great
               must
               be
               the
               honour
               which
               they
               gave
               to
               Paulus
               ,
               whom
               they
               would
               not
               refuse
               to
               carry
               ,
               with
               the
               Ensignes
               of
               their
               own
               calamity
               in
               the
               face
               of
               all
               the
               people
               !
               Which
               Spectacle
               added
               to
               his
               Funeral
               a
               resemblance
               of
               another
               Triumph
               .
               For
               thus
               did
               Macedon
               render
               thee
               ,
               O
               Paulus
               ,
               illustrious
               twice
               in
               our
               City
               ▪
               by
               their
               Spoils
               ,
               safe
               and
               victorious
               ;
               venerable
               in
               his
               Death
               ,
               by
               their
               Shoulders
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               Nor
               was
               it
               a
               small
               honour
               done
               to
               thy
               Son
               
                 Scipio
                 Aemilianus
              
               ,
               whom
               thou
               giving
               in
               Adoption
               ,
               wouldst
               have
               to
               be
               the
               Ornament
               of
               two
               Families
               .
               For
               being
               but
               a
               Young-man
               ,
               and
               sent
               by
               Lucullus
               the
               Consul
               out
               of
               Spain
               into
               Africa
               ,
               the
               Carthaginians
               and
               Massinissa
               made
               him
               Arbitrator
               of
               the
               condition●
               of
               Peace
               ,
               as
               if
               he
               had
               been
               Consul
               and
               Emp●rour
               .
               Carthage
               ignorant
               of
               her
               Destiny
               :
               For
               ●hat
               ve●y
               g●ory
               
               of
               aspiring
               Youth
               ,
               by
               the
               indulgen●e
               of
               Gods
               and
               Men
               ,
               was
               preserv'd
               for
               the
               ruine
               of
               that
               City
               .
               Insomuch
               that
               being
               taken
               ,
               it
               g●ve
               him
               the
               Sirname
               of
               Afric●nus
               ;
               being
               destroyed
               ,
               it
               occasion'd
               the
               rise
               of
               the
               Cornelian
               Family
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               What
               more
               miserable
               than
               Condemnation
               and
               Exile
               ?
               Yet
               the
               Conspiracy
               of
               the
               Publicans
               could
               not
               avail
               to
               diminish
               the
               Authority
               of
               
                 Publius
                 Rutilius
              
               ,
               Who
               going
               into
               Asia
               ,
               all
               the
               Ci●ies
               of
               that
               Pr●vince
               ,
               hearing
               where
               he
               was
               retir'd
               ,
               sent
               their
               Ambas●adors
               to
               attend
               him
               .
               Who
               could
               now
               judge
               him
               an
               Exile
               ,
               but
               rather
               a
               Triumpher
               in
               such
               a
               place
               ?
            
             
               6.
               
               Marius
               also
               ,
               being
               cast
               down
               into
               the
               depth
               of
               utmost
               Misery
               ,
               escapt
               out
               of
               the
               jaws
               of
               danger
               ,
               by
               the
               benefit
               of
               his
               Majesty
               .
               For
               a
               publick
               Slave
               ,
               a
               Cimbrian
               by
               his
               Country
               ,
               being
               sent
               to
               kill
               him
               ,
               as
               he
               lay
               shut
               up
               in
               a
               private
               House
               in
               Minturnum
               ,
               durst
               no●
               attempt
               him
               ,
               with
               his
               Sword
               drawn
               ,
               though
               an
               old
               Man
               ,
               unarm'd
               ,
               and
               almost
               famisht
               ;
               but
               struck
               blind
               with
               the
               brightness
               of
               his
               Countenance
               ,
               he
               flung
               away
               his
               Sword
               ,
               and
               astonish'd
               and
               trembling
               ran
               away
               .
               For
               the
               Slaughter
               of
               the
               Cimbrians
               presented
               it self
               before
               his
               eyes
               ;
               and
               the
               Calamity
               of
               his
               vanquish'd
               Nation
               quell'd
               his
               Courage
               .
               The
               Immortal
               Gods
               deeming
               it
               an
               unworthy
               thing
               ,
               that
               Marius
               should
               be
               slain
               by
               one
               single
               ●erson
               of
               a
               Nation
               ,
               who
               had
               subdued
               the
               whole
               .
               The
               Minturnians
               also
               taken
               with
               the
               Majesty
               of
               his
               Person
               ,
               though
               now
               under
               the
               burthen
               of
               Misery
               ,
               and
               unavoidable
               Destiny
               ,
               yet
               preserv'd
               him
               safe
               :
               Nor
               could
               the
               most
               severe
               Victory
               daunt
               them
               ,
               for
               fear
               lest
               Sylla
               should
               revenge
               their
               preservation
               of
               Marius
               ;
               though
               Marius
               himself
               might
               have
               been
               sufficient
               to
               deter
               them
               from
               preserving
               Marius
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               The
               admiration
               also
               of
               the
               stout
               and
               vertuous
               Life
               of
               
                 Porcius
                 Cato
              
               ,
               render'd
               him
               so
               wonderful
               to
               the
               
               Senate
               ,
               who
               having
               prefix'd
               a
               day
               for
               the
               Publican●
               to
               answer
               ,
               contrary
               to
               
               Caesar's
               will
               ,
               and
               being
               therefore
               by
               his
               command
               carried
               by
               the
               Lictor
               to
               Prison
               ,
               the
               whole
               Senate
               was
               not
               ashamed
               to
               follow
               him
               ;
               which
               thing
               did
               not
               a
               little
               soften
               the
               perseverance
               of
               his
               divine
               Soul.
               
            
             
               8.
               
               At
               another
               time
               ,
               the
               same
               person
               beholding
               the
               Floral
               Plays
               which
               M●ssius
               the
               Aedil
               set
               forth
               ,
               the
               p●ople
               were
               ashamed
               to
               require
               that
               the
               Mimicks
               should
               appear
               naked
               ;
               which
               when
               he
               understood
               from
               Favonius
               ,
               his
               great
               friend
               ,
               that
               sate
               close
               by
               him
               ,
               he
               departed
               out
               of
               the
               Theatre
               ,
               lest
               his
               presence
               should
               int●rrupt
               the
               custome
               of
               the
               Show
               ▪
               Whose
               departure
               the
               people
               loudly
               applauding
               ,
               renewed
               the
               ancient
               custome
               of
               Jes●ing
               in
               the
               Scenes
               ;
               confessing
               that
               they
               attributed
               more
               to
               the
               Majesty
               of
               one
               man
               ,
               than
               they
               claimed
               for
               the
               sake
               of
               the
               Generality
               .
               To
               what
               Riches
               ,
               to
               what
               Power
               ,
               to
               what
               Triumphs
               ,
               was
               this
               priviledge
               granted
               before
               ?
               A
               small
               Patrimony
               ,
               Manners
               restrained
               within
               the
               bounds
               of
               Continence
               :
               a
               small
               train
               of
               Followers
               ,
               ●
               house
               shut
               against
               Ambition
               :
               One
               Image
               of
               his
               Paternal
               Genealogy
               ;
               not
               the
               most
               comely
               Aspect
               ,
               but
               a
               vertue
               hightned
               with
               all
               perfections
               .
               Hence
               it
               was
               ,
               that
               whoever
               would
               Characterize
               a
               just
               and
               famous
               Citizen
               ,
               described
               him
               by
               the
               name
               of
               a
               Cato
               .
            
             
               
                 EXTERNAL
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 We
                 must
                 give
                 some
                 place
                 also
                 to
                 Forraign
                 Examples
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 mix'd
                 with
                 those
                 of
                 our
                 own
                 Nation
                 ,
                 the
                 variety
                 may
                 be
                 the
                 more
                 delightful
                 ▪
                 Xerxes
                 having
                 taking
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 carried
                 away
                 the
                 brazen
                 Statues
                 of
                 Harmodius
                 and
                 Aristogiton
                 ,
                 who
                 endeavoured
                 to
                 free
                 that
                 City
                 from
                 Tyranny
                 ;
                 which
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 after
                 Seleucus
                 taking
                 care
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 their
                 proper
                 places
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 Haven
                 of
                 
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 inviting
                 them
                 that
                 brought
                 them
                 into
                 t●eir
                 City
                 ,
                 laid
                 the
                 Statues
                 upon
                 the
                 sacred
                 Cushions
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
                 Nothing
                 more
                 happy
                 than
                 such
                 a
                 Memory
                 ,
                 that
                 gave
                 so
                 large
                 a
                 Veneration
                 to
                 a
                 little
                 Brass
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 How
                 great
                 Honour
                 was
                 also
                 given
                 by
                 the
                 Ath●nians
                 to
                 Xenocrates
                 ,
                 famous
                 for
                 his
                 equal
                 Piety
                 and
                 Wisdome
                 !
                 who
                 when
                 he
                 approached
                 the
                 Altar
                 ,
                 being
                 necessi●ated
                 to
                 give
                 his
                 testimony
                 in
                 confirmation
                 that
                 all
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 spoken
                 was
                 truth
                 ;
                 all
                 the
                 Judges
                 rose
                 and
                 forbid
                 him
                 openly
                 to
                 take
                 his
                 Oath
                 ,
                 believing
                 it
                 proper
                 to
                 grant
                 that
                 to
                 his
                 Sincerity
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 to
                 remit
                 to
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 place
                 of
                 giving
                 Sentence
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             LIB
             .
             III.
             
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               I.
               Of
               Towardliness
               .
            
             
               
                 Examples
                 whereof
                 among
                 the
                 Romans
                 in
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Emilius
                 Lepidus
                 ,
                 
                   a
                   boy
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Cato
                 of
                 U●ica
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Cassius
                 Longinus
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 EXTERNAL
                 in
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Alcibiades
                 the
                 Athenian
                 .
              
            
             
               I
               Will
               now
               touch
               upon
               some
               certain
               Infancies
               and
               Elements
               of
               Vertue
               ,
               and
               of
               a
               Soul
               that
               in
               process
               of
               time
               is
               to
               advance
               to
               the
               top
               of
               Glory
               :
               Relating
               the
               tast●s
               thereof
               given
               from
               the
               certain
               Experiments
               of
               Towardliness
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 Emilius
                 Lepidus
              
               ,
               yet
               a
               boy
               ,
               going
               into
               the
               field
               ,
               kill'd
               an
               Enemy
               ,
               and
               sav'd
               a
               Citizen
               ;
               in
               memory
               of
               which
               action
               there
               is
               in
               the
               Capitol
               a
               Statue
               garnish'd
               and
               girt
               with
               a
               Senator's
               virile
               Robe
               ,
               by
               order
               of
               the
               Senate
               placed
               there
               ;
               esteeming
               it
               unjust
               ●hat
               he
               should
               not
               be
               of
               age
               for
               Honour
               ,
               that
               was
               so
               ripe
               in
               Vertue
               .
               Lepidus
               pr●vented
               what
               was
               to
               Age
               ordained
               ,
               by
               his
               Celerity
               in
               doing
               bravely
               ;
               carrying
               away
               a
               double
               Honour
               out
               of
               the
               Battel
               ,
               of
               which
               his
               years
               scarce
               admitted
               him
               to
               be
               a
               spectator
               :
               For
               the
               Arms
               of
               men
               preparing
               for
               Combat
               ,
               drawn
               Swords
               ,
               the
               flight
               of
               Darts
               ,
               the
               noise
               of
               Horse-men
               charging
               ,
               the
               furious
               violence
               of
               Armies
               joyning
               ,
               strikes
               terrour
               into
               young
               
               men
               .
               Among
               all
               which
               the
               childhood
               of
               the
               Emilia●
               Family
               was
               ●ble
               to
               deserve
               a
               Crown
               ,
               by
               carrying
               away
               the
               ●poils
               of
               his
               Enemy
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               This
               Courage
               was
               not
               wanting
               in
               the
               Childhood
               of
               
                 M.
                 Cato
              
               :
               For
               he
               being
               bred
               up
               in
               the
               house
               of
               
                 M.
                 Drusus
              
               his
               Uncle
               ,
               the
               Latins
               came
               to
               him
               then
               Tribune
               of
               the
               people
               ,
               requesting
               a
               City
               .
               At
               which
               time
               the
               boy
               being
               requested
               by
               Poppedius
               Prince
               of
               the
               Latins
               ,
               lying
               at
               Drusus
               house
               ,
               to
               speak
               on
               their
               behalf
               to
               his
               Uncle
               ,
               with
               an
               unmov'd
               countenance
               made
               answer
               ,
               He
               would
               not
               :
               and
               being
               again
               and
               again
               importun'd
               ,
               continu'd
               in
               his
               resolve
               .
               Then
               Poppedius
               taking
               him
               up
               into
               the
               highest
               part
               of
               the
               house
               ,
               threatned
               to
               throw
               him
               down
               headlong
               ,
               unless
               he
               would
               yield
               to
               his
               request
               ;
               but
               nothing
               could
               make
               him
               alter
               his
               mind
               :
               Which
               made
               them
               cry
               out
               ,
               
                 Happy
                 is
                 it
                 for
                 us
              
               Latins
               ,
               and
               Allies
               ,
               
                 that
                 this
                 is
                 but
                 a
                 Youth
                 ,
                 from
                 whom
                 ▪
                 were
                 he
                 a
                 Senator
                 ,
                 it
                 were
                 impossible
                 for
                 us
                 to
                 obtain
                 our
                 Petition
                 .
              
               For
               in
               his
               tender
               minde
               Cato
               retain'd
               the
               Gravity
               of
               the
               whole
               Court
               ▪
               and
               by
               his
               perseverance
               frustrated
               the
               Latins
               ,
               who
               had
               a
               desire
               to
               learn
               the
               Laws
               and
               Customs
               of
               our
               City
               .
            
             
               The
               same
               ,
               p●rson
               coming
               in
               his
               Virile
               Robe
               to
               kiss
               the
               hand
               of
               Sylla
               ,
               and
               seeing
               the
               heads
               of
               the
               proscribed
               persons
               brought
               into
               the
               Porch
               of
               his
               house
               ,
               moved
               with
               the
               horridness
               of
               the
               Spectacle
               ,
               asked
               his
               School-master
               Sarpedon
               ,
               Why
               there
               was
               no
               body
               to
               be
               found
               that
               would
               kill
               so
               great
               a
               Tyrant
               ?
               Who
               making
               answer
               ,
               That
               men
               wanted
               not
               will
               ,
               but
               opportunity
               ,
               his
               person
               being
               so
               strongly
               guarded
               ;
               The
               Lad
               d●sired
               he
               might
               have
               a
               Sword
               given
               him
               ,
               affirming
               ,
               He
               could
               easily
               kill
               him
               ,
               as
               being
               wont
               to
               sit
               upon
               his
               bed-side
               .
               His
               master
               perceived
               his
               courage
               ,
               but
               would
               not
               allow
               of
               his
               intention
               ;
               and
               afterwards
               always
               brought
               him
               to
               Sylla
               to
               be
               examined
               .
               Nothing
               than
               this
               more
               admirable
               .
               A
               Lad
               taken
               in
               the
               Work-house
               
               of
               Cruelty
               ,
               fear'd
               not
               a
               Victor
               ,
               who
               at
               that
               time
               murder'd
               Consuls
               ,
               whole
               Towns
               ,
               Legions
               ,
               and
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               the
               Order
               of
               Knighthood
               .
               Had
               Marius
               been
               in
               his
               place
               himself
               ,
               he
               would
               have
               sooner
               consulted
               his
               own
               safety
               ,
               than
               the
               Death
               of
               Sylla
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Whose
               Son
               Faustus
               had
               a
               good
               Cuff
               on
               the
               Ear
               given
               him
               by
               
                 C.
                 Cassius
              
               his
               School
               fellow
               ,
               for
               saying
               in
               vindication
               of
               his
               Father's
               Proscriptions
               ,
               that
               had
               he
               been
               a
               Man
               ,
               he
               would
               have
               done
               the
               s●me
               .
               A
               worthy
               hand
               ,
               that
               would
               not
               emb●ue
               it self
               in
               the
               blood
               of
               his
               Countrey
               .
            
             
               
                 EXTERNAL
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 And
                 to
                 repeat
                 something
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 that
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
                 whose
                 Vertues
                 or
                 whose
                 Vices
                 were
                 most
                 pernicious
                 to
                 his
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 we
                 cannot
                 say
                 ;
                 for
                 with
                 the
                 one
                 he
                 deceiv'd
                 his
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 he
                 oppress'd
                 um
                 :
                 He
                 being
                 a
                 Youth
                 ,
                 and
                 coming
                 to
                 his
                 Uncle
                 Pericles
                 ,
                 and
                 beholding
                 him
                 sitting
                 melancholy
                 in
                 a
                 p●ivate
                 place
                 ,
                 ask●d
                 him
                 ,
                 why
                 he
                 shewed
                 so
                 much
                 trouble
                 in
                 his
                 Countenance
                 .
                 Who
                 replying
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 by
                 command
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 built
                 the
                 Out-gates
                 of
                 the
                 Castle
                 of
                 Minerva
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 give
                 any
                 accompt
                 of
                 the
                 vast
                 Treasure
                 spent
                 in
                 the
                 service
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 therefore
                 he
                 was
                 troubled
                 :
                 Rather
                 should
                 you
                 endeavour
                 ,
                 said
                 the
                 Boy
                 ,
                 to
                 finde
                 out
                 a
                 way
                 ,
                 how
                 y●u
                 should
                 give
                 no
                 accompt
                 .
                 Thus
                 a
                 ▪
                 most
                 great
                 and
                 wise
                 man
                 ,
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 counsel
                 himself
                 ,
                 follows
                 the
                 advice
                 of
                 a
                 Child
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 order'd
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Athenians
                 engaged
                 in
                 a
                 sharp
                 War
                 with
                 their
                 Nei●hbours
                 ,
                 had
                 no
                 time
                 to
                 look
                 after
                 Accompts
                 .
                 But
                 let
                 the
                 Athenians
                 consider
                 ,
                 whether
                 they
                 had
                 most
                 reason
                 to
                 lament
                 or
                 be
                 glad
                 for
                 the
                 Birth
                 of
                 Alcibiades
                 ;
                 whose
                 Stories
                 fluctuate
                 in
                 a
                 doubtful
                 opinion
                 between
                 admimiration
                 and
                 detest●tion
                 of
                 the
                 person
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               II.
               Of
               Fortitude
               .
            
             
               
                 ROMAN
                 Examples
                 whereof
                 are
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 M.
                 Hor●tius
                 Cocles
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 C●elia
                 
                   the
                   Virgin.
                
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Romulus
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 A.
                 Cornelius
                 Cossus
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 M.
                 Marc●llus
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                   the
                   Du●ll●rs
                
                 ,
                 T.
                 Manlius
                 Torq●atus
                 ,
                 M.
                 Valerius
                 C●rvus
                 ,
                 and
                 P.
                 Scipio
                 Aemil●●nus
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 C.
                 Atiliu●
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 The
                 R●man
                 
                   Knights
                   at
                   the
                   Battle
                   of
                
                 Verrugo
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 
                   The
                   same
                   in
                   the
                   Fight
                   against
                   the
                
                 Samnites
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 The
                 Roman
                 
                   Souldiers
                   in
                   holding
                   in
                   the
                
                 Punic
                 ●leet
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 A
                 Roman
                 
                   Souldier
                   at
                   the
                   Battle
                   at
                
                 Cannae
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 Q
                 Licinius
                 Crassus
                 Procons
                 .
              
               
                 13.
                 
                 Q
                 Metellus
                 Scipio
                 Proco●s
                 .
              
               
                 14.
                 
                 M.
                 Cato
                 of
                 U●ica
                 .
              
               
                 15.
                 
                 Porcia
                 .
              
               
                 16.
                 
                 M.
                 Cato
                 
                   Son
                   of
                   the
                   great
                
                 Cato
                 .
              
               
                 17.
                 
                 Scipio
                 N●sica
                 .
              
               
                 18.
                 
                 Emilius
                 Sc●urus
                 .
              
               
                 19.
                 
                 Julius
                 Caesar
                 Procons
                 .
              
               
                 20.
                 
                 
                   Three
                   Soldiers
                
                 ,
                 Vib
                 us
                 Acceus
                 ,
                 Valeriu●
                 Flaccus
                 ,
                 T.
                 Pedanius
                 .
              
               
                 21.
                 
                 Q.
                 Cotius
                 Achilles
                 .
              
               
                 22.
                 
                 C.
                 Attilius
                 .
              
               
                 23.
                 
                 Coesius
                 Scaeva
                 .
              
               
                 24.
                 
                 L.
                 Sicinius
                 Dentatus
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Jub●llius
                 of
                 Campania
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Gobrias
                 the
                 Persian
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Leonid●s
                 the
                 Spartan
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Othryadas
                 the
                 Spartan
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Epaminondas
                 a
                 Th●ban
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Theramenes
                 of
                 Athens
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Theogenes
                 of
                 Numantium
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Wife
                   of
                
                 Asdrubal
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 Harmonia
                 
                   the
                   Daughter
                   of
                   King
                
                 Gelo.
                 
              
            
             
             
               HAving
               done
               with
               the
               beginnings
               and
               growth
               of
               Vertue
               ,
               we
               will
               now
               prosecute
               the
               act
               it self
               ,
               whose
               most
               ponderous
               force
               and
               efficacious
               nerves
               consist
               in
               For●itude
               .
               Nor
               am
               I
               ignorant
               ,
               Great
               Founder
               of
               our
               City
               ,
               Romulus
               ,
               that
               the
               first
               honour
               of
               this
               nature
               ought
               to
               be
               assign'd
               to
               thee
               :
               but
               first
               suffer
               me
               ,
               I
               beseech
               thee
               ,
               to
               prevent
               thee
               with
               an
               Example
               ,
               to
               which
               thou
               thy self
               dost
               owe
               some●hing
               of
               admiration
               ;
               seeing
               that
               without
               the
               benefit
               thereof
               Rome
               it self
               ,
               thy
               own
               work
               ,
               had
               not
               become
               so
               famous
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               The
               Hetrurians
               making
               an
               irruption
               into
               the
               City
               over
               the
               Sublician
               Bridge
               ,
               
                 Horatius
                 Cocles
              
               kept
               the
               farther
               end
               thereof
               ,
               and
               with
               an
               indefatigable
               Fight
               sustain'd
               the
               whole
               body
               and
               force
               of
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               till
               the
               Bridge
               was
               broken
               behind
               him
               ;
               and
               when
               he
               saw
               his
               Countrey
               freed
               from
               imminent
               danger
               ,
               flung
               himself
               armed
               into
               Tibur
               ;
               whose
               Fortitude
               the
               Immortal
               Gods
               admiring
               ,
               rewarded
               him
               with
               a
               safe
               coming
               off
               .
               Being
               neither
               hurt
               with
               the
               height
               of
               the
               Fall
               ,
               nor
               the
               weight
               of
               his
               Armour
               ,
               nor
               touch'd
               with
               the
               Darts
               that
               flew
               upon
               every
               side
               of
               him
               .
               And
               thereby
               he
               drew
               the
               eyes
               of
               all
               his
               Fellow-citizens
               ,
               of
               all
               his
               Enemies
               upon
               his
               own
               single
               person
               ;
               the
               one
               amazed
               with
               admiration
               ,
               the
               other
               in
               a
               trance
               between
               joy
               and
               fear
               .
               And
               separated
               two
               great
               Armies
               closely
               engaged
               ;
               repelling
               one
               ,
               and
               defending
               the
               other
               .
               And
               lastly
               ,
               by
               his
               single
               Strength
               was
               as
               great
               a
               guard
               to
               our
               City
               with
               his
               Shield
               ,
               as
               Tibur
               with
               her
               Channel
               .
               And
               therefore
               the
               Hetrurians
               departing
               might
               well
               say
               ,
               They
               had
               vanquish'd
               the
               Romans
               ,
               but
               were
               beaten
               by
               one
               Horatius
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Clelia
               makes
               me
               almost
               forgetful
               of
               my
               purpose
               :
               Daring
               a
               most
               noble
               Enterprize
               at
               the
               same
               time
               ,
               against
               the
               same
               Enemy
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               same
               Tibur
               .
               For
               being
               given
               in
               Hostage
               among
               other
               Virgins
               to
               Porsenna
               ,
               
               she
               escap'd
               the
               Watch
               in
               the
               Night-time
               ,
               and
               getting
               a
               horse
               ,
               she
               presently
               got
               to
               the
               River
               which
               she
               swam
               over
               ;
               freeing
               her
               Country
               not
               onely
               from
               a
               Siege
               ,
               but
               from
               fear
               of
               danger
               ,
               holding
               out
               a
               Light
               of
               Vertue
               to
               men
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               I
               now
               return
               to
               Romulus
               ,
               who
               being
               provoked
               to
               Combat
               by
               Acro
               King
               of
               the
               Cenicenses
               ,
               ●hough
               he
               believed
               himself
               Superior
               both
               in
               the
               number
               and
               courage
               of
               his
               Souldiers
               ,
               and
               that
               it
               was
               sa●●r
               for
               him
               to
               fight
               with
               his
               whole
               Army
               than
               in
               single
               Combat
               ,
               with
               his
               own
               right
               hand
               he
               sna●ch'd
               away
               the
               Omen
               o●
               Victory
               :
               nor
               did
               fortune
               fall
               his
               undertaking
               ;
               for
               having
               slain
               Acro
               ,
               and
               vanquished
               his
               Enemies
               ,
               he
               brought
               away
               rich
               spoils
               and
               trophies
               ,
               which
               he
               offer'd
               to
               
                 Iupiter
                 Feretrius
              
               .
               For
               which
               let
               this
               suffice
               :
               for
               Vertue
               consecrated
               by
               publick
               Religion
               ,
               needs
               no
               private
               praise
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               Next
               to
               Romulus
               is
               
                 Cornelius
                 Cossus
              
               ,
               who
               consecrated
               his
               spoils
               to
               the
               s●me
               Deity
               ,
               when
               being
               Master
               of
               the
               Horse
               ,
               when
               he
               had
               slain
               the
               Captain
               of
               the
               Fidenates
               in
               battel
               .
               Great
               was
               Romulus
               in
               the
               beginning
               of
               this
               commenced
               Glory
               :
               and
               much
               was
               gained
               by
               Cossus
               ,
               for
               that
               he
               would
               imitate
               Romulus
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Nor
               ought
               we
               to
               separate
               the
               memory
               of
               
                 M.
                 Marcellus
              
               from
               these
               Examples
               ,
               in
               whom
               there
               was
               so
               great
               a
               courage
               ,
               that
               he
               set
               upon
               the
               King
               of
               the
               Gauls
               environ'd
               with
               a
               great
               Army
               neer
               the
               River
               Po
               ,
               onely
               with
               a
               few
               Horsemen
               ,
               whose
               head
               he
               presently
               cut
               off
               ,
               and
               spoild'd
               him
               of
               his
               arms
               ,
               which
               he
               dedicated
               to
               
                 Iupiter
                 Feretrius
              
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               The
               same
               Vertue
               ,
               and
               the
               same
               manner
               of
               Combat
               
                 T.
                 Ma●●ius
                 Torquatus
                 ,
                 Valerius
                 Corvus
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Emilianus
                 Scipio
              
               ,
               made
               use
               o●
               :
               for
               they
               voluntarily
               challeng'd
               the
               Captains
               of
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               and
               slew
               them
               ;
               but
               because
               they
               did
               those
               actions
               under
               the
               command
               of
               others
               ,
               th●y
               did
               not
               dedicate
               their
               spoils
               to
               
                 Iupiter
                 Feretrius
              
               .
               
               The
               same
               
                 Scipio
                 Emilianus
              
               ,
               being
               i●
               Spain
               under
               the
               command
               of
               Lucullus
               ,
               at
               the
               same
               t●me
               that
               Intercaria
               a
               strong
               Town
               was
               besieged
               ,
               was
               the
               first
               that
               got
               upon
               the
               Walls
               .
               Neither
               was
               there
               any
               person
               in
               the
               whole
               Army
               ,
               considering
               his
               Nobility
               ,
               his
               hopeful
               Youth
               ,
               and
               future
               Acts
               ,
               whose
               safety
               ought
               to
               have
               been
               more
               regarded
               and
               consulted
               .
               But
               then
               the
               most
               noble
               Young
               men
               ,
               to
               enlarge
               and
               defend
               their
               Country
               ,
               sustain'd
               the
               greatest
               pains
               and
               perils
               ;
               deeming
               it
               below
               themselves
               to
               excel
               in
               Dignity
               and
               not
               in
               Vertue
               .
               Therefore
               Emilianus
               chose
               a
               Warlike
               life
               ,
               which
               others
               for
               the
               hazard
               thereof
               avoid
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               Among
               these
               ,
               Antiquity
               offers
               a
               most
               famous
               Example
               of
               Fortitude
               .
               The
               Romans
               being
               overthrown
               by
               the
               Army
               of
               the
               Gauls
               ,
               and
               forced
               to
               retire
               into
               the
               Capitol
               ▪
               and
               well
               knowing
               the
               Walls
               of
               their
               Fortresses
               not
               able
               to
               receive
               their
               whole
               number
               ,
               took
               a
               necessary
               resolution
               to
               leave
               their
               old
               people
               in
               the
               open
               City
               ,
               that
               the
               young
               men
               might
               be
               the
               better
               enabled
               to
               defend
               what
               was
               left
               .
               Yet
               at
               that
               most
               miserable
               and
               calamitous
               season
               ,
               was
               not
               our
               City
               forgetful
               of
               their
               pristine
               Vertue
               :
               for
               though
               deprived
               of
               their
               Honour
               ,
               they
               sate
               with
               their
               doors
               open
               ,
               in
               their
               Running-chairs
               ,
               with
               the
               Habits
               of
               their
               Magistracy
               and
               Pri●sthood
               ,
               that
               in
               their
               night
               of
               sorrow
               they
               might
               retain
               the
               Splendor
               and
               Ornaments
               of
               their
               past
               life
               ,
               and
               might
               encourage
               the
               people
               more
               couragiously
               to
               undergo
               the
               burthen
               of
               their
               Calamity
               .
               Their
               Aspect
               was
               Venerable
               in
               the
               sight
               of
               their
               Enemies
               ,
               who
               were
               not
               a
               little
               moved
               at
               the
               Novelty
               of
               what
               they
               saw
               ,
               considering
               the
               magnificence
               of
               their
               Ornaments
               ,
               and
               their
               strange
               kinde
               of
               boldness
               .
               But
               who
               could
               imagine
               ,
               but
               that
               the
               Gauls
               ,
               now
               Victors
               ,
               would
               soon
               have
               turn'd
               their
               admiration
               into
               Laughter
               ,
               and
               into
               all
               manner
               of
               Con●umely
               ?
               There●ore
               
                 Caius
                 Attilius
              
               would
               not
               stay
               to
               expect
               that
               injury
               ;
               
               for
               he
               fiercely
               laid
               his
               Stick
               cross
               the
               pate
               of
               a
               Gaul
               that
               too
               familiarly
               stroaked
               his
               Beard
               ,
               offering
               his
               ●ody
               freely
               to
               the
               Souldier
               that
               out
               of
               madness
               c●me
               rushing
               to
               kill
               him
               .
               Thus
               Vertue
               knows
               not
               how
               to
               be
               taken
               ,
               and
               Patience
               knows
               no
               disgrac●
               .
               To
               yield
               to
               Fortune
               it
               accompts
               sadder
               than
               any
               death
               ;
               and
               it
               invents
               new
               and
               generous
               kinds
               of
               perishng
               ,
               if
               he
               may
               be
               said
               to
               perish
               that
               comes
               to
               such
               an
               end
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               We
               are
               now
               to
               g●ve
               due
               honour
               and
               glory
               to
               the
               Roman
               Youth
               ,
               who
               when
               
                 C.
                 Sempronius
                 Attarinus
              
               ,
               Consul
               ,
               had
               sought
               wi●h
               ill
               success
               at
               the
               batt●l
               o●
               Verrugo
               ,
               against
               the
               Volsci
               ,
               l●s●
               our
               Battel
               just
               upon
               the
               point
               of
               flying
               ,
               should
               receive
               a
               Rout
               ,
               di●mounting
               from
               their
               Horses
               ,
               immediately
               rallied
               into
               Foo●-companies
               ,
               and
               broke
               the
               Enemies
               Ranks
               ;
               who
               being
               thus
               forced
               to
               retire
               ,
               the
               Roman
               Youth
               possess●d
               thems●lves
               of
               the
               next
               Hills
               ,
               and
               so
               ordered
               it
               ,
               that
               th●
               Volsci
               turning
               all
               their
               Force
               upon
               them
               ,
               w●re
               the
               cause
               that
               our
               Legions
               got
               in
               the
               mean
               ●ime
               a
               very
               great
               refr●shment
               to
               confirm
               their
               Courage
               .
               And
               thus
               while
               they
               thought
               of
               obtaining
               the
               Trophies
               ,
               the
               night
               separated
               both
               Armies
               ,
               uncertain
               whether
               they
               parted
               Victors
               or
               vanquish'd
               .
            
             
               9.
               
               A
               noble
               Flower
               of
               the
               Order
               of
               Knighthood
               was
               he
               also
               ,
               by
               whose
               wonderful
               Fortitude
               
                 Fabius
                 Maximus
                 Rullianus
              
               ,
               Master
               of
               the
               Horse
               ,
               was
               acquitted
               o●
               a
               Crime
               whi●h
               he
               was
               like
               to
               have
               fallen
               into
               ,
               of
               loosing
               a
               Battel
               to
               the
               Samni●es
               :
               For
               
                 Papyrius
                 Cursor
              
               being
               gone
               to
               the
               City
               to
               renew
               the
               inspection
               of
               Entrails
               ,
               he
               was
               left
               chief
               Commander
               in
               his
               absence
               :
               And
               although
               he
               were
               doubtful
               of
               leading
               the
               Army
               out
               to
               battel
               ,
               yet
               at
               length
               joyning
               battel
               with
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               he
               fought
               not
               so
               unsuccess●ully
               as
               rashly
               :
               For
               without
               question
               he
               had
               the
               worst
               .
               At
               which
               the
               Young
               Nobility
               pulling
               the
               bridles
               off
               their
               horses
               ,
               spurr'd
               them
               with
               all
               their
               might
               against
               the
               very
               ●aces
               
               of
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               by
               an
               obstinate
               Gallantry
               restoring
               a
               Victory
               wrung
               out
               of
               the
               hands
               of
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               and
               the
               hope
               of
               Rulli●nus
               ,
               which
               his
               Country
               now
               conceived
               of
               ●is
               being
               the
               greatest
               of
               our
               Citizens
               .
            
             
               10.
               
               But
               of
               what
               a
               prodigious
               strength
               were
               those
               Souldiers
               ,
               who
               wading
               the
               slippery
               Sea
               as
               they
               had
               been
               on
               firm
               Land
               ,
               hal'd
               back
               the
               Punick
               Fleet
               by
               main
               strength
               to
               the
               shore
               ,
               though
               endeavouring
               to
               fly
               with
               the
               labour
               of
               all
               their
               Oars
               ?
            
             
               11.
               
               About
               the
               same
               time
               ,
               and
               of
               the
               same
               repute
               was
               that
               Souldier
               ,
               who
               at
               the
               Battel
               of
               Cannae
               ,
               where
               Hannibal
               rather
               brake
               the
               power
               than
               the
               courage
               of
               the
               Romans
               ,
               when
               his
               wounded
               hands
               were
               unable
               to
               hold
               his
               Arms
               ,
               graspimg
               a
               Numidian
               about
               the
               neck
               that
               came
               to
               strip
               him
               ,
               he
               bit
               off
               his
               Ears
               and
               his
               Nose
               ,
               expiring
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               that
               revenge
               .
               An
               odde
               kinde
               of
               Event
               in
               fight
               ,
               where
               the
               party
               killed
               is
               stronger
               than
               he
               that
               kills
               him
               :
               For
               the
               Carthaginian
               liable
               to
               revenge
               ,
               rejoyc'd
               the
               dying
               person
               ,
               and
               the
               Roman
               was
               his
               Revenger
               at
               the
               very
               conclusion
               of
               his
               life
               .
            
             
               12.
               
               
                 Publius
                 Crassus
              
               making
               War
               in
               Asia
               with
               Aristonicus
               ,
               b●ing
               set
               upon
               by
               the
               Thracians
               ,
               of
               which
               he
               had
               a
               great
               number
               for
               his
               assistance
               ,
               between
               Smyrna
               and
               Elea
               ;
               for
               fear
               he
               should
               come
               into
               their
               power
               ,
               he
               avoided
               the
               shame
               by
               resolving
               to
               die
               :
               For
               he
               thurst
               his
               Riding-rod
               into
               the
               eye
               of
               one
               of
               the
               Barbarians
               ,
               who
               enraged
               with
               the
               pain
               thereof
               ,
               thrust
               Crassus
               into
               the
               side
               with
               his
               Cutlace
               ;
               and
               while
               he
               revenges
               himself
               ,
               freed
               the
               Roman
               Emperour
               from
               the
               shame
               of
               having
               lost
               his
               Honour
               .
               Crassus
               shewed
               Fortune
               that
               she
               intended
               to
               have
               punished
               a
               person
               altogether
               unworthy
               of
               so
               great
               an
               Indignity
               ,
               as
               being
               one
               that
               not
               onely
               prudently
               but
               couragiously
               broke
               the
               snares
               which
               she
               had
               laid
               to
               entrap
               his
               Liberty
               ,
               and
               restored
               his
               own
               Dignity
               to
               himself
               ,
               although
               now
               given
               to
               Aristonicus
               .
            
             
             
               13.
               
               The
               same
               resolution
               Scipio
               made
               use
               of
               ,
               who
               having
               unsuccessfully
               endeavour'd
               to
               defend
               the
               cause
               of
               Pompey
               his
               Son-in-Law
               in
               Africa
               ,
               endeavour'd
               to
               fly
               into
               Spain
               ;
               but
               understanding
               that
               the
               Sh●p
               wherein
               he
               was
               ,
               was
               taken
               by
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               he
               ran
               himself
               through
               ,
               and
               so
               ●alling
               down
               upon
               the
               Poop
               ,
               when
               
               Caesar's
               Souldiers
               asked
               for
               their
               Commander
               ,
               he
               made
               answer
               ,
               The
               Commander
               is
               well
               :
               having
               power
               only
               to
               speak
               so
               much
               as
               to
               testifie
               ,
               to
               his
               eternal
               praise
               ,
               the
               Greatness
               of
               his
               Minde
               .
            
             
               14.
               
               Not
               less
               the
               Moniment
               of
               Vtica
               were
               thy
               last
               breathings
               ,
               mighty
               Cato
               ;
               out
               of
               whose
               Wounds
               flowed
               more
               Glory
               than
               Blood.
               For
               with
               a
               fierce
               Constancy
               lying
               upon
               the
               Sword
               ,
               thou
               wert
               a
               most
               noble
               Example
               of
               Instruction
               ,
               That
               to
               all
               good
               Men
               Dignity
               and
               Honour
               without
               Life
               ,
               is
               far
               better
               than
               Life
               without
               Honour
               .
            
             
               15.
               
               Whose
               Daughter
               had
               no
               Womanish
               Spirit
               :
               Who
               knowing
               the
               resolution
               that
               her
               Husband
               Brutus
               had
               taken
               to
               kill
               Caesar
               ,
               the
               night
               before
               the
               day
               wherein
               that
               most
               horrid
               act
               was
               committed
               ,
               assoon
               as
               Brutus
               was
               gone
               out
               of
               the
               Chamber
               ,
               she
               call'd
               for
               a
               Razor
               ,
               pretending
               to
               pare
               her
               Nails
               ;
               and
               as
               if
               she
               had
               let
               it
               fall
               by
               chance
               ,
               gave
               her self
               a
               Wound
               therewith
               .
               Upon
               the
               cry
               of
               the
               Maids
               Brutus
               coming
               in
               ,
               began
               to
               chide
               her
               that
               she
               had
               took
               the
               Barber's
               trade
               out
               of
               his
               hands
               .
               To
               whom
               she
               privately
               whisper'd
               ,
               This
               is
               no
               rash
               action
               of
               mine
               ;
               but
               as
               things
               now
               stand
               ,
               a
               most
               certain
               proof
               of
               my
               Love
               towards
               thee
               .
               For
               I
               was
               resolv'd
               to
               try
               ,
               if
               thy
               purpose
               should
               not
               succeed
               according
               to
               thy
               desire
               ,
               how
               bravely
               and
               patiently
               I
               could
               kill
               my self
               .
            
             
               16.
               
               More
               happy
               in
               his
               Offspring
               was
               the
               Elder
               Cato
               ,
               out
               of
               whose
               Loins
               sprang
               the
               Family
               of
               Porcius
               .
               Who
               being
               in
               battle
               sorely
               press'd
               upon
               by
               his
               Enemy
               ,
               his
               Sword
               fell
               out
               of
               the
               Scabbard
               ▪
               which
               though
               he
               
               saw
               encompass'd
               with
               such
               numbers
               of
               his
               Enemies
               yet
               such
               was
               his
               obstinacy
               to
               recover
               it
               ,
               that
               he
               would
               not
               give
               ov●r
               ,
               ti●l
               he
               had
               done
               it
               :
               so
               that
               at
               length
               he
               seem'd
               not
               to
               have
               wrung
               it
               out
               of
               the
               hands
               of
               da●g●r
               ,
               but
               to
               take
               it
               up
               in
               security
               .
               Which
               fight
               so
               te●rified
               his
               Enemies
               ,
               that
               the
               next
               day
               they
               came
               to
               him
               to
               b●g
               for
               Peace
               .
            
             
               17.
               
               The
               Forritude
               of
               the
               Gown
               may
               be
               mixt
               with
               Warlik
               Actions
               ,
               deserving
               the
               same
               honour
               in
               Courts
               of
               Ju●●ice
               as
               in
               the
               Camp.
               When
               
                 T.
                 Gracchus
              
               ,
               having
               got
               the
               favour
               of
               the
               People
               by
               his
               profuseness
               ,
               endeavour'd
               to
               oppress
               the
               Common-wealth
               ,
               and
               openly
               declar'd
               ,
               that
               the
               Senate
               being
               put
               to
               death
               ,
               all
               things
               ough●
               to
               be
               transacted
               by
               the
               People
               ;
               The
               Senate
               being
               summon'd
               into
               the
               Temple
               of
               Faith
               by
               
                 Mucius
                 Scaevola
              
               Consul
               ,
               began
               to
               consult
               what
               at
               such
               a
               time
               ●o
               do
               :
               and
               all
               being
               of
               opinion
               ,
               that
               the
               Consul
               ought
               to
               govern
               the
               Common-wealth
               by
               force
               of
               Arms
               ,
               Scaevola
               denied
               that
               he
               would
               do
               any
               thing
               by
               force
               .
               Then
               replyed
               
                 Scipio
                 Nasica
              
               ,
               Because
               (
               saith
               he
               )
               the
               Consul
               ,
               while
               he
               follows
               the
               course
               of
               Law
               ,
               doth
               that
               which
               will
               bring
               both
               the
               Law
               and
               all
               the
               Roman
               Empire
               in
               jeopardy
               ;
               I
               as
               a
               private
               person
               offer
               my self
               to
               be
               commanded
               ,
               and
               to
               command
               according
               to
               your
               Will.
               Then
               lapping
               his
               left
               hand
               in
               his
               upper
               Coat
               ,
               and
               lifting
               up
               his
               right
               ,
               he
               openly
               proclaim'd
               ,
               
                 They
                 who
                 desire
                 the
                 safety
                 of
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 ,
                 let
                 um
                 follow
                 me
                 :
              
               at
               which
               words
               being
               followed
               without
               delay
               by
               the
               honest
               part
               of
               the
               Citizens
               ,
               he
               brought
               Gracchus
               to
               the
               Punishment
               which
               he
               deserved
               .
            
             
               18.
               
               Also
               when
               Saturninus
               Tribune
               of
               the
               people
               ,
               the
               Pretor
               Glaucia
               ,
               and
               Equitius
               designed
               Tribune
               of
               the
               people
               ,
               had
               raised
               most
               terrible
               Seditions
               in
               our
               City
               ,
               and
               no
               body
               durst
               oppose
               themselves
               against
               the
               fury
               of
               the
               people
               ;
               
                 Emilius
                 Scaurus
              
               was
               the
               first
               that
               advised
               
                 C.
                 Marius
              
               the
               sixth
               time
               Consul
               ,
               that
               he
               should
               
               defend
               the
               Laws
               and
               Liberty
               by
               the
               Sword
               ;
               and
               presently
               commanded
               Arms
               to
               be
               brought
               ,
               and
               being
               come
               ,
               put
               them
               upon
               his
               aged
               body
               ,
               now
               almost
               quite
               wasted
               with
               Age
               ;
               and
               then
               leaning
               upon
               his
               Dart
               ,
               stood
               before
               the
               door
               of
               the
               Council-house
               ;
               with
               the
               small
               remnants
               of
               his
               life
               ,
               keeping
               the
               Common-wealth
               from
               expi●ing
               :
               For
               the
               constancy
               of
               his
               minde
               encourag'd
               the
               Senate
               and
               the
               whole
               Order
               of
               Knighthood
               to
               revenge
               .
            
             
               19.
               
               But
               as
               we
               have
               hitherto
               related
               the
               Fortitude
               of
               Arms
               and
               Arts
               ,
               let
               us
               remember
               the
               sacred
               Iulius
               ,
               the
               chief
               Glory
               of
               all
               the
               Stars
               ,
               the
               truest
               Pattern
               of
               Vertue
               .
               When
               he
               saw
               his
               men
               almost
               fainting
               through
               the
               innumerable
               multitude
               and
               fury
               of
               the
               Nervae
               ,
               taking
               a
               Shield
               out
               of
               a
               Souldiers
               hand
               ,
               that
               he
               beheld
               fighting
               but
               weakly
               ,
               he
               began
               under
               the
               covert
               thereof
               to
               behave
               himself
               with
               great
               Vigour
               ;
               by
               which
               act
               he
               infus●d
               Courage
               into
               the
               whole
               Army
               ,
               and
               restored
               the
               tottering
               fortune
               of
               the
               Battel
               .
               The
               same
               person
               seeing
               the
               Eagle-bearer
               of
               the
               Martian
               Legion
               with
               his
               back
               turn'd
               in
               a
               posture
               of
               flight
               ,
               catching
               him
               by
               the
               Jaws
               he
               brought
               him
               back
               to
               his
               place
               again
               ;
               and
               then
               stretching
               his
               right
               hand
               toward
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               he
               cry'd
               out
               ,
               
                 Why
                 dost
                 thou
                 go
                 this
                 way
                 ?
                 yonder
                 is
                 the
                 Enemy
                 which
                 thou
                 art
                 to
                 fight
                 with
                 .
              
               Thus
               with
               his
               hands
               one
               Souldier
               ,
               with
               his
               severe
               reprehension
               ,
               corrected
               the
               timorousness
               of
               all
               the
               Legions
               ,
               and
               taught
               them
               who
               were
               ready
               to
               be
               overcome
               ,
               how
               to
               vanquish
               .
            
             
               20.
               
               But
               that
               we
               may
               proceed
               to
               one
               act
               of
               Manly
               Vertue
               :
               When
               Hannibal
               besieged
               the
               Roman
               Army
               in
               
                 Capua
                 ,
                 Vibius
                 Acceus
              
               ,
               Colonel
               of
               the
               Pelignian
               Cohort
               ,
               threw
               an
               Ensigne
               over
               the
               Carthaginian
               Rampire
               ,
               cursing
               himself
               and
               his
               fellow-Souldiers
               if
               ever
               they
               let
               the
               Enemy
               enjoy
               it
               ;
               and
               so
               to
               recover
               it
               again
               ,
               he
               wa●
               the
               first
               that
               made
               the
               Assault
               ,
               the
               whole
               Cohort
               following
               him
               ;
               Which
               when
               
                 Valerius
                 Flaccus
              
               ,
               a
               Tribune
               
               of
               the
               third
               Legion
               ,
               turning
               to
               his
               own
               ,
               said
               ,
               
                 I
                 see
                 we
                 are
                 come
                 here
                 to
                 be
                 Spectators
                 of
                 other
                 mens
                 Vertue
                 ;
                 but
                 for
                 be
                 it
                 from
                 us
                 to
                 suffer
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 the
              
               Romans
               
                 to
                 give
                 place
                 to
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
              
               Latins
               .
               
                 For
                 my
                 own
                 part
                 ,
                 I
                 desire
                 either
                 an
                 honourable
                 death
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 happy
                 Issue
                 of
                 my
                 ven●urousness
                 ;
                 therefore
                 am
                 resolved
                 to
                 fall
                 on
                 though
                 I
                 am
                 alone
                 .
              
               These
               words
               being
               heard
               ,
               Pedanius
               the
               Centu●ion
               catching
               up
               the
               Ensigne
               ,
               and
               holding
               it
               in
               his
               right
               hand
               ,
               This
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 shall
                 be
                 with
                 me
                 within
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Rampire
                 :
                 Let
                 them
                 follow
                 that
                 are
                 unwilling
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 taken
                 .
              
               With
               that
               he
               flew
               into
               the
               Carthaginian
               Camp
               ,
               drawing
               the
               whole
               Legion
               after
               him
               .
               Thus
               the
               couragious
               Temerity
               of
               three
               men
               ,
               made
               Hannibal
               who
               thought
               himself
               Master
               of
               Copua
               ,
               hardly
               to
               be
               safe
               in
               his
               own
               Camp.
               
            
             
               21.
               
               Neither
               was
               
                 Q.
                 Curius
              
               any
               thing
               behinde
               them
               in
               Fortitude
               ;
               who
               for
               his
               stoutness
               was
               ●irnamed
               Achilles
               :
               For
               not
               to
               reckon
               up
               all
               his
               famous
               Actions
               ,
               we
               shall
               make
               appear
               by
               two
               Atchievements
               onely
               ,
               how
               great
               a
               Warriour
               he
               was
               .
               In
               the
               time
               that
               Metellus
               was
               Consul
               ,
               he
               was
               sent
               a
               Legate
               into
               Spain
               ,
               carrying
               on
               the
               Celtiberian
               War
               as
               Lieutenant
               under
               the
               Consul
               :
               hearing
               that
               he
               was
               challenged
               out
               to
               fight
               by
               a
               certain
               Young
               man
               of
               that
               Nation
               ,
               though
               he
               were
               then
               just
               going
               to
               Dinner
               ,
               he
               caused
               his
               Arms
               and
               his
               Ho●se
               to
               be
               privately
               conveyed
               o●t
               of
               the
               Camp
               ,
               lest
               the
               Consul
               should
               ●orbid
               him
               ,
               or
               otherways
               hinder
               him
               ;
               and
               following
               the
               Celtiberian
               ,
               that
               was
               vauntingly
               curvetting
               to
               and
               fro
               about
               the
               field
               ,
               slew
               him
               ,
               and
               taking
               the
               spoils
               of
               his
               dead
               Enemy
               ,
               return'd
               Triumphing
               to
               the
               Camp.
               He
               also
               compelled
               Piresius
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               most
               noble
               and
               stoutest
               among
               the
               Celtiberians
               ,
               who
               also
               gave
               him
               a
               particular
               Challenge
               ,
               to
               yield
               to
               him
               :
               Nor
               was
               the
               noble
               Youth
               asham'd
               to
               give
               him
               his
               own
               Sword
               and
               Souldiers
               Coat
               in
               the
               view
               of
               both
               Armies
               .
               And
               also
               requested
               ,
               that
               so
               soon
               
               as
               there
               was
               Peace
               between
               the
               Celtiberians
               and
               the
               Romans
               ,
               that
               there
               might
               be
               a
               strict
               League
               of
               Friendship
               between
               them
               .
            
             
               22.
               
               Nor
               must
               we
               pass
               by
               
                 C.
                 Attilius
              
               ;
               who
               being
               a
               Souldier
               of
               the
               tenth
               Legion
               ,
               and
               fighting
               on
               
               Caesar's
               b●half
               in
               a
               Sea-engag●ment
               ,
               when
               they
               had
               cut
               off
               his
               r●ght
               hand
               with
               which
               he
               held
               a
               Ship
               of
               the
               Massilians
               took
               hold
               of
               the
               Vessel
               with
               his
               left
               :
               nor
               did
               leave
               fighting
               till
               the
               Ship
               was
               taken
               and
               sunk
               .
               The
               Valour
               also
               of
               Cynaegyrus
               the
               Athenian
               ,
               whose
               per●inacy
               in
               pursuit
               of
               the
               Enemy
               was
               not
               unlike
               this
               ,
               Greece
               ,
               so
               fluent
               in
               extolling
               the
               Praises
               of
               her
               own
               H●ro's
               ,
               has
               sufficiently
               inculcated
               into
               the
               memory
               of
               Posterity
               .
            
             
               23.
               
               The
               Naval-glory
               of
               Attilius
               ,
               requires
               that
               we
               should
               r●hearse
               the
               praise
               of
               
                 Caesius
                 Scaeva
              
               a
               Centurion
               ,
               under
               the
               command
               of
               the
               same
               Empires
               :
               For
               he
               maintaining
               a
               Castle
               which
               was
               committed
               to
               his
               charge
               ,
               and
               which
               a
               Captain
               of
               
               Pompey's
               was
               sent
               to
               take
               with
               a
               great
               number
               of
               men
               ,
               he
               slew
               all
               that
               adventured
               to
               come
               nee●
               ;
               and
               fighting
               afoot
               without
               the
               least
               giving
               back
               ,
               at
               length
               fell
               upon
               a
               vast
               heap
               of
               people
               that
               he
               had
               slain
               .
               His
               head
               ,
               shoulders
               ,
               and
               thighs
               w●re
               cut
               and
               ma●gl●d
               ,
               his
               eyes
               poak●d
               out
               ,
               his
               Targe●
               pi●rc●d
               through
               in
               a
               hundred
               and
               twenty
               places
               .
               Such
               Souldiers
               did
               the
               Discipline
               of
               Divine
               Iulius
               br●ed
               ;
               of
               which
               the
               one
               with
               the
               loss
               of
               his
               right
               hand
               ,
               the
               other
               with
               th●
               loss
               of
               his
               eyes
               ,
               terrified
               their
               En●mies
               :
               The
               one
               after
               his
               loss
               a
               Victor
               ,
               the
               other
               a
               looser
               ,
               yet
               not
               vanquish●d
               .
            
             
               But
               thy
               invincible
               Courage
               ,
               O
               Scaeva
               ,
               in
               every
               part
               of
               the
               nature
               of
               things
               ,
               I
               know
               not
               how
               to
               extol
               with
               adm●ration
               enough
               ,
               because
               by
               thy
               excellent
               Vertue
               thou
               ha●t
               left
               it
               doubtful
               ,
               whether
               thou
               didst
               make
               a
               more
               nob●●
               Fight
               at
               Sea
               ,
               or
               speak
               a
               more
               illustrious
               Speec●
               by
               L●nd
               .
               For
               in
               the
               War
               wherein
               Caesar
               not
               
               content
               to
               limit
               his
               fame
               within
               the
               bounds
               of
               the
               Ocean
               ,
               laid
               his
               celestial
               hands
               upon
               the
               Isle
               of
               Britain
               ,
               being
               carri●d
               with
               Four
               of
               his
               Souldiers
               ,
               and
               set
               ashoar
               upon
               a
               Rock
               near
               the
               Land
               ,
               which
               the
               Enemy
               had
               possest
               with
               a
               very
               strong
               Army
               ,
               after
               the
               Ebb
               ,
               by
               the
               falling
               of
               the
               water
               ,
               had
               made
               the
               passage
               easie
               from
               the
               Island
               to
               the
               Rock
               ,
               which
               was
               divided
               before
               ;
               being
               assaulted
               with
               a
               very
               great
               numb●r
               of
               the
               Barb●rians
               ,
               Seaeva
               only
               keeping
               his
               station
               immoveable
               ,
               the
               Darts
               flying
               about
               his
               ears
               ,
               and
               the
               Enemy
               every
               way
               endeavouring
               to
               assail
               him
               ,
               fix'd
               in
               the
               Bodies
               of
               his
               Adversaries
               as
               many
               Piles
               with
               his
               single
               right
               hand
               ,
               as
               would
               have
               serv'd
               five
               Souldiers
               for
               a
               Battle
               of
               a
               whole
               days
               continuance
               :
               at
               length
               ,
               drawing
               his
               Sword
               and
               beating
               back
               his
               Enemies
               ,
               sometimes
               with
               the
               Point
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               with
               t●e
               Hilt
               ,
               he
               became
               such
               a
               spectacle
               of
               Wonder
               ,
               not
               only
               to
               the
               Romans
               ,
               but
               to
               the
               Britains
               also
               ,
               which
               none
               but
               those
               that
               beheld
               it
               ,
               could
               have
               imagin'd
               .
               At
               length
               ,
               Anger
               and
               Shame
               forc'd
               them
               that
               were
               tir'd
               to
               do
               their
               utmost
               ,
               when
               he
               ,
               run
               through
               the
               Thigh
               ,
               his
               Face
               batter'd
               with
               Stones
               ,
               his
               Head-piece
               bruised
               in
               several
               places
               ,
               commits
               himself
               to
               the
               Sea
               ,
               and
               laden
               with
               two
               Coats
               of
               Mail
               ,
               escap'd
               through
               the
               Waves
               ,
               which
               he
               had
               dyed
               with
               the
               Blood
               of
               his
               Enemies
               .
               Coming
               to
               his
               General
               ,
               not
               having
               lost
               his
               Arms
               ,
               but
               well
               bestow'd
               um
               ,
               when
               he
               deserv'd
               his
               praise
               ,
               he
               begg'd
               his
               pardon
               .
               Great
               in
               fight
               ,
               but
               greater
               in
               the
               remembrance
               of
               Military
               Discipline
               :
               Therefore
               by
               the
               best
               Esteemer
               and
               Discerner
               of
               Virtue
               ,
               both
               thy
               deeds
               and
               words
               were
               rewarded
               with
               the
               honour
               o●
               a
               Centurions
               command
               .
            
             
               24.
               
               But
               let
               the
               Memory
               of
               
                 Luc.
                 Sicinius
                 Dentatus
              
               con●lude
               all
               the
               Roman
               Examples
               of
               the
               Fortitude
               of
               the
               Roman
               Warriours
               ;
               whose
               Deeds
               ,
               and
               the
               Rewards
               of
               his
               Actions
               ,
               may
               be
               thought
               to
               exceed
               the
               limits
               of
               
               belief
               ;
               but
               for
               the
               credit
               of
               the
               Authors
               ,
               among
               whom
               we
               finde
               
                 M.
                 Varro
              
               ,
               who
               attest
               the
               same
               in
               their
               Memorials
               ,
               whom
               they
               affirm
               to
               have
               been
               in
               an
               Hundred
               and
               Twenty
               pitch'd
               Battels
               :
               being
               endued
               with
               that
               Courage
               of
               Mind
               and
               Strength
               of
               Body
               ,
               that
               he
               seem'd
               to
               carry
               away
               the
               greatest
               share
               of
               the
               Victory
               :
               And
               of
               these
               Battles
               there
               were
               Eight
               wherein
               he
               fought
               upon
               Challenges
               ,
               while
               both
               Armies
               lookt
               on
               .
               He
               is
               said
               to
               have
               saved
               fourteen
               Citizens
               ,
               to
               have
               received
               ●orty
               five
               Wounds
               upon
               his
               Breast
               ,
               not
               having
               one
               Scar
               upon
               his
               Back
               .
               He
               followed
               nine
               several
               Triumphal
               Chariots
               of
               several
               Generals
               ,
               drawing
               the
               eyes
               of
               the
               whole
               City
               that
               beheld
               the
               multitude
               and
               pompous
               glory
               of
               his
               Rewards
               .
               For
               he
               had
               eight
               Golden
               Crowns
               ,
               fourteen
               City-Crowns
               ,
               and
               three
               Mural-Crowns
               ,
               together
               with
               one
               Obsidional
               Garland
               ,
               Chains
               one
               hundred
               eighty
               three
               ,
               Bracelets
               one
               hundred
               and
               sixty
               ,
               Spears
               eighteen
               ,
               Trappings
               twenty
               five
               .
               Ornam●nts
               sufficient
               for
               a
               Legion
               ,
               rather
               than
               for
               the
               use
               of
               a
               private
               Souldier
               .
            
             
               
                 FORREIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 That
                 Blood
                 was
                 also
                 confounded
                 out
                 of
                 many
                 Bodies
                 into
                 one
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 admiration
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Town
                 of
                 the
                 Calibes
                 ;
                 where
                 
                   Fulvius
                   Flaccus
                
                 having
                 condemn'd
                 the
                 chief
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 loose
                 their
                 Heads
                 for
                 their
                 Perfidiousness
                 in
                 Campania
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 by
                 Letters
                 from
                 the
                 Senate
                 order'd
                 to
                 see
                 execution
                 done
                 ;
                 
                   Iu●ellius
                   Taurea
                
                 a
                 Campanian
                 freely
                 offer'd
                 himself
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 crying
                 out
                 as
                 loud
                 as
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 Because
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 O
                 Fulvius
                 ,
                 
                   thou
                   art
                   so
                   desirous
                   of
                   shedding
                   blood
                   ,
                   why
                   dost
                   thou
                   delay
                   to
                   sheath
                   thy
                   Sword
                   in
                   my
                   Bowels
                   ,
                   that
                   thou
                   maist
                   have
                   an
                   occasion
                   to
                   boast
                   ,
                   that
                   thou
                   didst
                   once
                   kill
                   a
                   st●uter
                   man
                   than
                   thy self
                   ?
                
                 Who
                 replying
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 gladly
                 do
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 otherwise
                 order●d
                 
                 by
                 the
                 Senate
                 ;
                 
                   Be●old
                   me
                
                 ,
                 then
                 replyed
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 
                   upon
                   whom
                   the
                   Conscript
                   Fathers
                   have
                   laid
                   no
                   commands
                   ,
                   ●utwardly
                   quiet
                   enough
                   ,
                   but
                   meditating
                   a
                   great
                   work
                   in
                   my
                   mind
                   :
                
                 and
                 immediately
                 killing
                 his
                 Wife
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 fell
                 upon
                 his
                 own
                 Sword.
                 What
                 kind
                 of
                 person
                 must
                 we
                 believe
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 so
                 willing
                 with
                 the
                 slaughter
                 of
                 himself
                 and
                 his
                 Relations
                 to
                 testifie
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 rather
                 delude
                 the
                 Cruelty
                 of
                 Fulvius
                 ,
                 than
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 Mercy
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 ?
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Again
                 ,
                 how
                 great
                 was
                 the
                 Courage
                 of
                 Gobrias
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 freed
                 the
                 Persians
                 from
                 the
                 sordid
                 and
                 cruel
                 Tyranny
                 of
                 the
                 Magi
                 ,
                 having
                 thrown
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Magi
                 down
                 in
                 a
                 dark
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 lying
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 weight
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 perceiving
                 that
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Comp●nions
                 in
                 his
                 noble
                 enterprize
                 was
                 afraid
                 to
                 kill
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 hurting
                 him
                 ,
                 cryed
                 out
                 ,
                 
                   Vse
                   not
                   thy
                   Sword
                   ere
                   a
                   whit
                   the
                   less
                   timorously
                   for
                   fear
                   of
                   me
                   ;
                   rather
                   thrust
                   it
                   through
                   us
                   both
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   fellow
                   may
                   die
                   the
                   more
                   speedily
                   .
                
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 In
                 this
                 place
                 we
                 meet
                 with
                 Leonid●s
                 ,
                 a
                 Noble
                 Spartan
                 ,
                 than
                 whose
                 Designe
                 ,
                 Enterprize
                 and
                 Issue
                 there
                 was
                 nothing
                 more
                 courageous
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 placed
                 in
                 the
                 Streights
                 of
                 Thermopylae
                 against
                 the
                 whole
                 force
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 only
                 with
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 of
                 his
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 obstinacy
                 of
                 his
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 he
                 drave
                 Xerxes
                 to
                 desp●ir
                 ,
                 who
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 was
                 a
                 bur●hen
                 both
                 to
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 ;
                 not
                 only
                 terrible
                 to
                 Men
                 ,
                 but
                 one
                 that
                 threatned
                 to
                 chain
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 ●etter
                 the
                 Heavens
                 :
                 but
                 being
                 through
                 the
                 perfidiousn●ss
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 that
                 Country
                 deprived
                 of
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 fall
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 leave
                 the
                 station
                 where
                 his
                 Count●y
                 had
                 set
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 he
                 exhorted
                 his
                 people
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 chearfulness
                 to
                 that
                 Battle
                 where
                 they
                 were
                 sure
                 to
                 perish
                 ,
                 crying
                 out
                 ,
                 
                   Fellow-souldiers
                   ,
                   let
                   us
                   Dine
                   like
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   to
                   Sup
                   in
                   the
                   other
                   world
                   .
                
                 Death
                 was
                 all
                 their
                 hopes
                 ,
                 yet
                 fearless
                 
                 they
                 obeyed
                 their
                 Leader
                 ,
                 as
                 sure
                 of
                 Victory
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 The
                 glorious
                 Battle
                 and
                 Death
                 of
                 O●hryades
                 ,
                 is
                 only
                 seen
                 in
                 the
                 praise
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 in
                 the
                 larger
                 space
                 of
                 Thyarete
                 .
                 Who
                 spoiling
                 the
                 enemy
                 of
                 Victory
                 ,
                 by
                 Letters
                 written
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 Blood
                 ;
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 fate
                 ,
                 would
                 not
                 carry
                 into
                 the
                 bosome
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 the
                 bloody
                 superscrip●ions
                 of
                 his
                 Trophies
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 But
                 a
                 most
                 sad
                 effort
                 ▪
                 follows
                 the
                 most
                 excellent
                 effects
                 of
                 the
                 Spartan
                 Vertue
                 .
                 Epaminondas
                 ,
                 the
                 chief
                 Felicity
                 of
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 first
                 scourge
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 Valour
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 broken
                 the
                 antient
                 glory
                 ,
                 and
                 till
                 that
                 time
                 invincible
                 publick
                 glory
                 of
                 that
                 City
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 two
                 Battles
                 of
                 Mantinea
                 and
                 Leuctra
                 ,
                 being
                 run
                 thro●gh
                 with
                 a
                 Spear
                 ,
                 and
                 fainting
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Blood
                 and
                 Breath
                 ,
                 ask'd
                 those
                 who
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 recover
                 him
                 ,
                 First
                 ,
                 whether
                 his
                 Shield
                 were
                 safe
                 ;
                 and
                 next
                 ,
                 whether
                 the
                 Enemy
                 was
                 quite
                 vanquish'd
                 :
                 Which
                 when
                 he
                 found
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 desire
                 ,
                 Fellow-Souldiers
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   this
                   is
                   not
                   the
                   end
                   ,
                   but
                   a
                   fortunate
                   and
                   anspicious
                   beginning
                   of
                   my
                   life
                   :
                   For
                   your
                
                 Epaminondas
                 
                   u
                   now
                   born
                   ,
                   because
                   he
                   thus
                   dyes
                   .
                   I
                   see
                
                 Thebes
                 
                   by
                   my
                   Conduct
                   and
                   Command
                   the
                   head
                   of
                   all
                
                 Greece
                 .
                 
                   The
                   strong
                   and
                   courageous
                   City
                   of
                
                 Sparta
                 
                   submits
                   ,
                   vanquish'd
                   by
                   our
                   Arms
                   ,
                   and
                
                 Greece
                 
                   freed
                   from
                   her
                   bitter
                   Tyranny
                   .
                   Not
                   having
                   Children
                   ,
                   yet
                   I
                   die
                   not
                   without
                   Children
                   ;
                   I
                   leave
                
                 Leuctra
                 and
                 Mantinea
                 
                   behind
                   me
                
                 .
                 Then
                 comman●ing
                 the
                 Spear
                 to
                 be
                 pull'd
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Body
                 ,
                 he
                 expir'd
                 .
                 Whom
                 if
                 the
                 Immortal
                 Gods
                 had
                 suff●r'd
                 to
                 enjoy
                 his
                 Victories
                 ,
                 a
                 more
                 glorious
                 Redeemer
                 had
                 never
                 enter'd
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 any
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Nor
                 was
                 the
                 Constancy
                 of
                 Theramenes
                 the
                 Athenian
                 inconsiderable
                 ,
                 being
                 compell'd
                 to
                 die
                 in
                 Prison
                 ,
                 where
                 without
                 any
                 signe
                 of
                 fear
                 he
                 drank
                 the
                 Potion
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 thirty
                 Tyrants
                 ;
                 and
                 smiling
                 upon
                 the
                 publick
                 Officer
                 that
                 brought
                 it
                 ;
                 Tell
                 Critias
                 ,
                 quoth
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   I
                   drink
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   take
                   care
                   that
                   
                   thou
                   carry
                   him
                   the
                   Cup
                   ,
                   assoon
                   as
                   thou
                   canst
                   .
                
                 Now
                 this
                 Critias
                 was
                 the
                 cruellest
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Tyrants
                 .
                 Certainly
                 it
                 is
                 as
                 easie
                 to
                 free
                 a
                 mans
                 self
                 from
                 punishment
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 endure
                 punishment
                 :
                 and
                 thus
                 Theramenes
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 died
                 in
                 his
                 Bed
                 ,
                 departed
                 this
                 life
                 ;
                 by
                 his
                 enemies
                 thought
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 punish'd
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 opinion
                 yielding
                 only
                 to
                 common
                 fate
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 But
                 Theramenes
                 receiv'd
                 his
                 Constancy
                 from
                 Learning
                 and
                 Education
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 natural
                 Ferity
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 taught
                 Theogenes
                 the
                 Numantine
                 to
                 take
                 the
                 same
                 course
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 affairs
                 of
                 Numantium
                 being
                 in
                 a
                 low
                 and
                 lost
                 condition
                 ,
                 himself
                 excelling
                 all
                 others
                 in
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 Honour
                 and
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 getting
                 a
                 great
                 quantity
                 of
                 combustible
                 matter
                 together
                 ,
                 he
                 set
                 his
                 own
                 Street
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 fairest
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 ,
                 on
                 fire
                 ,
                 and
                 laying
                 a
                 naked
                 Sword
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 he
                 commanded
                 two
                 persons
                 to
                 fight
                 together
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 him
                 that
                 was
                 kill'd
                 might
                 be
                 cast
                 upon
                 the
                 flames
                 :
                 and
                 having
                 by
                 this
                 strong
                 engagement
                 consum●d
                 every
                 body
                 else
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 he
                 threw
                 himself
                 into
                 ●he
                 fire
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 And
                 that
                 I
                 may
                 rehearse
                 the
                 destruction
                 of
                 a
                 City
                 at
                 eq●al
                 enmity
                 with
                 ours
                 ;
                 when
                 Carthage
                 was
                 taken
                 ,
                 the
                 wife
                 of
                 Asdrubal
                 upbraiding
                 him
                 with
                 Impiety
                 for
                 begging
                 onely
                 his
                 own
                 life
                 at
                 
                 Scipio's
                 hands
                 ,
                 taking
                 h●r
                 Children
                 which
                 she
                 had
                 by
                 him
                 in
                 her
                 right
                 and
                 le●t
                 hand
                 ,
                 willing
                 to
                 die
                 ,
                 she
                 flung
                 her self
                 into
                 the
                 flaming
                 Ruines
                 of
                 her
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 To
                 this
                 Example
                 of
                 Female-fortitude
                 ,
                 I
                 will
                 adde
                 one
                 stout
                 Casual●y
                 of
                 two
                 Virgins
                 .
                 Wh●n
                 through
                 the
                 most
                 pestiferous
                 Sedition
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusans
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Family
                 of
                 King
                 Gelo
                 ,
                 afflicted
                 with
                 endless
                 Calamities
                 ,
                 was
                 reduc●d
                 to
                 one
                 Virgin-daughter
                 ,
                 named
                 Harmonia
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 made
                 several
                 offers
                 of
                 violence
                 upon
                 her
                 ;
                 Her
                 Nurse
                 took
                 a
                 Childe
                 somewhat
                 like
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 h●ving
                 dress'd
                 it
                 in
                 royal
                 Apparel
                 ,
                 
                 exposed
                 her
                 to
                 the
                 fury
                 of
                 her
                 Enemies
                 ▪
                 who
                 when
                 she
                 was
                 about
                 to
                 be
                 slain
                 ,
                 would
                 not
                 declare
                 her
                 condition
                 .
                 Harmonica
                 admiring
                 her
                 condition
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 willing
                 to
                 outlive
                 so
                 much
                 Faith
                 ,
                 called
                 back
                 the
                 Murtherers
                 ,
                 and
                 confessing
                 who
                 she
                 was
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 her
                 own
                 death
                 .
                 Thus
                 a
                 covert
                 Lye
                 was
                 the
                 bane
                 of
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 the
                 open
                 truth
                 the
                 destruction
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               III.
               Of
               Patience
               .
            
             
               
                 ROMAN
                 Examples
                 ,
                 whereof
                 are
                 two
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 C.
                 Mutius
                 Cordus
                 ,
                 
                   first
                   called
                
                 Scaevola
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Pompey
                 
                   Emb●ssadour
                   to
                   King
                   Gentius
                
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 A
                 Macedonian
                 Youth
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Zeno
                 Eleatean
                 ,
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 
                   The
                   other
                
                 Zeno.
                 
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Anaxarchus
                 Abderite
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Theodorus
                 
                   of
                   Syracuse
                
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 The
                 Indians
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 The
                 African
                 
                   slave
                   contemning
                   Death
                   and
                   Torments
                
                 .
              
            
             
               FOrtitude
               hath
               been
               apparent
               to
               the
               eyes
               of
               men
               by
               the
               famous
               Deeds
               bo●h
               of
               men
               and
               women
               :
               and
               by
               her
               incitement
               ,
               Pattence
               appears
               grounded
               upon
               as
               firm
               foundations
               ,
               not
               being
               endued
               with
               a
               l●ss
               generous
               Soul
               ,
               but
               so
               like
               the
               one
               to
               the
               other
               ,
               that
               she
               seems
               to
               have
               rec●ived
               her
               birth
               either
               with
               her
               or
               from
               her
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               For
               what
               has
               a
               greater
               resemblance
               to
               what
               I
               have
               ●ormerly
               related
               ,
               than
               the
               Act
               of
               Mutius
               ,
               who
               grieving
               to
               see
               our
               City
               vexed
               with
               a
               long
               and
               grievous
               
               War
               ,
               by
               Porsenna
               King
               of
               the
               Heturians
               ,
               privately
               got
               armed
               into
               the
               Camp
               ,
               endeavour'd
               to
               have
               slain
               him
               as
               he
               was
               sacrificing
               before
               the
               Altar
               :
               But
               sailing
               in
               the
               Enterprize
               ,
               and
               being
               laid
               hold
               on
               ,
               he
               neither
               concealed
               the
               cause
               of
               his
               coming
               ;
               and
               b●sides
               that
               ,
               with
               a
               wonderful
               patience
               shew'd
               how
               little
               he
               fear'd
               any
               torment
               they
               could
               put
               him
               to
               :
               For
               as
               it
               were
               out
               of
               an
               enmity
               to
               his
               right
               hand
               ,
               because
               he
               could
               not
               use
               it
               in
               the
               slaughter
               of
               the
               King
               ,
               he
               held
               it
               in
               the
               fire
               ,
               enduring
               it
               to
               be
               burnt
               off
               .
               Certainly
               the
               Immortal
               Gods
               never
               beheld
               with
               more
               heedful
               eyes
               any
               Offering
               made
               them
               .
               And
               it
               forced
               Porsenna
               himself
               ,
               forgetful
               of
               the
               danger
               ,
               to
               turn
               his
               Revenge
               into
               Admiration
               .
               Return
               ,
               quoth
               he
               ,
               
                 to
                 thy
                 own
                 Friends
                 ,
                 and
                 tell
                 them
                 how
                 I
                 have
                 given
                 thee
                 thy
                 life
                 for
                 seeking
                 mine
                 .
              
               Whose
               Clemency
               Mutius
               no
               way
               flattering
               ,
               more
               for●y
               to
               see
               him
               live
               ,
               than
               glad
               of
               his
               own
               life
               ,
               return'd
               to
               the
               City
               with
               a
               sirname
               of
               eternal
               glory
               ,
               being
               called
               Scaevola
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Most
               approved
               also
               is
               the
               Vertue
               of
               Pompey
               ;
               who
               being
               sent
               upon
               an
               Embassie
               ,
               and
               taken
               by
               the
               way
               by
               King
               Gentius
               ,
               and
               commanded
               to
               reveral
               the
               Counsels
               of
               the
               Senate
               ,
               thrust
               his
               finger
               into
               a
               burning
               Candle
               :
               which
               patience
               of
               his
               made
               the
               King
               not
               onely
               despair
               of
               getting
               any
               thing
               out
               of
               him
               by
               force
               ,
               but
               also
               very
               desirous
               of
               the
               friendship
               of
               the
               Romans
               .
               But
               lest
               ,
               while
               I
               strive
               to
               enumerate
               more
               Domestick
               Examples
               of
               this
               sort
               ,
               I
               should
               be
               forced
               to
               embroyl
               my self
               in
               the
               relations
               and
               stories
               of
               our
               civil
               Discords
               ,
               which
               as
               th●y
               contain
               the
               Relation
               of
               most
               famous
               men
               ,
               so
               they
               renew
               the
               publick
               Grief
               ,
               I
               shall
               pass
               to
               those
               of
               Forraign
               Nations
               .
            
             
               
                 EXTERNAL
                 .
              
               
                 According
                 to
                 the
                 anci●nt
                 Custome
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 the
                 
                 most
                 eminent
                 Noblemens
                 Sons
                 did
                 always
                 attend
                 upon
                 King
                 Alexander
                 when
                 he
                 sacrificed
                 :
                 Among
                 which
                 there
                 was
                 one
                 who
                 while
                 he
                 stood
                 before
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 holding
                 the
                 Censer
                 ,
                 a
                 live
                 cole
                 fell
                 upon
                 his
                 arm
                 ,
                 which
                 though
                 it
                 burnt
                 his
                 flesh
                 so
                 vehemently
                 that
                 the
                 stink
                 thereof
                 offended
                 the
                 nostrils
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 standers
                 by
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Lad
                 would
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 discover
                 his
                 pain
                 ,
                 fearing
                 to
                 disturb
                 the
                 Sacrifice
                 by
                 letting
                 fall
                 the
                 Censer
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 offend
                 the
                 Kings
                 ears
                 by
                 complaining
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 pleased
                 with
                 the
                 patience
                 of
                 the
                 Youth
                 ,
                 and
                 willing
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 more
                 certain
                 tryal
                 thereof
                 ,
                 prolong'd
                 the
                 Sacrifice
                 beyond
                 his
                 wonted
                 time
                 ;
                 yet
                 nothing
                 would
                 alter
                 the
                 constancy
                 of
                 the
                 Lad.
                 Had
                 Darius
                 cast
                 his
                 eyes
                 upon
                 this
                 wonder
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 have
                 known
                 that
                 Souldiers
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 race
                 were
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 overcome
                 ,
                 while
                 in
                 their
                 tender
                 age
                 he
                 beheld
                 them
                 endu'd
                 with
                 such
                 a
                 strength
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 that
                 vehement
                 and
                 constant
                 Discipline
                 of
                 the
                 Minde
                 ,
                 I
                 mean
                 Philosophy
                 excelling
                 in
                 Learning
                 ,
                 ruler
                 of
                 the
                 venerable
                 Mysteries
                 of
                 Doctrine
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 receiv'd
                 into
                 the
                 breast
                 of
                 men
                 ,
                 they
                 presently
                 lay
                 aside
                 all
                 dishonest
                 and
                 unworthy
                 affections
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 armed
                 with
                 the
                 true
                 weapons
                 of
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 advance
                 themselves
                 above
                 all
                 fear
                 and
                 thought
                 of
                 pain
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 I
                 will
                 begin
                 from
                 Zeno
                 of
                 Eleas
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 a
                 most
                 wise
                 observer
                 of
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 sedulous
                 to
                 kindle
                 Courage
                 and
                 Vigour
                 in
                 the
                 minds
                 of
                 Youth
                 ,
                 purchased
                 Credit
                 to
                 his
                 Pr●cepts
                 by
                 Examples
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Vertue
                 :
                 For
                 departing
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 lived
                 secure
                 in
                 Lib●rty
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 to
                 Agrigentum
                 ,
                 then
                 groaning
                 under
                 a
                 most
                 miserable
                 servitude
                 ,
                 confiding
                 in
                 his
                 Conversation
                 and
                 Manners
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 good
                 hopes
                 to
                 work
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 though
                 a
                 Phalaris
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 ferity
                 of
                 his
                 rude
                 nature
                 .
                 After
                 some
                 time
                 obs●rving
                 that
                 the
                 Custome
                 of
                 Dominion
                 was
                 more
                 prevalent
                 than
                 wholsome
                 Counsels
                 ,
                 he
                 stirr'd
                 
                 up
                 and
                 inflam'd
                 the
                 minds
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 noble
                 Youth
                 with
                 a
                 desire
                 of
                 recovering
                 their
                 Liberty
                 .
                 Which
                 being
                 reveal'd
                 to
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 he
                 call'd
                 the
                 People
                 into
                 the
                 Market-place
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 their
                 presence
                 began
                 to
                 punish
                 Zeno
                 with
                 most
                 exquisite
                 torments
                 ;
                 oftentimes
                 asking
                 him
                 who
                 were
                 his
                 Confederates
                 in
                 the
                 Conspiracy
                 .
                 Zeno
                 would
                 name
                 none
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 the
                 Tyrants
                 chiefest
                 Friends
                 and
                 Relations
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 upbraiding
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 with
                 their
                 sloath
                 and
                 ●ear
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 such
                 a
                 suddain
                 commotion
                 in
                 their
                 minds
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 and
                 stoned
                 him
                 to
                 death
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 not
                 the
                 suppliant
                 Voice
                 ,
                 the
                 miserable
                 Cries
                 of
                 an
                 Old-man
                 upon
                 the
                 Rack
                 ,
                 but
                 his
                 strong
                 and
                 serious
                 exhortation
                 ,
                 that
                 changed
                 the
                 Courage
                 and
                 Fortune
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 A
                 Philosopher
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Name
                 ,
                 being
                 put
                 upon
                 the
                 Rack
                 by
                 Nearchus
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 whose
                 Death
                 he
                 had
                 conspi●'d
                 ,
                 did
                 not
                 only
                 appear
                 a
                 Conquerour
                 of
                 his
                 pain
                 and
                 punishment
                 in
                 concealing
                 his
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 but
                 shewed
                 himself
                 more
                 covetous
                 of
                 revenge
                 ;
                 and
                 there●ore
                 telling
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 something
                 to
                 declare
                 ,
                 which
                 it
                 was
                 fit
                 that
                 no
                 body
                 else
                 should
                 hear
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 t●ereupon
                 loosen'd
                 from
                 the
                 Rack
                 ,
                 and
                 pretending
                 to
                 whisper
                 in
                 the
                 Tyrants
                 ear
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 his
                 time
                 ,
                 caught
                 his
                 Ear
                 in
                 his
                 Teeth
                 ,
                 nor
                 would
                 let
                 go
                 ,
                 till
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 had
                 lost
                 a
                 member
                 of
                 his
                 body
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Anaxarchus
                 imitating
                 the
                 same
                 Patience
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 put
                 upon
                 the
                 Rack
                 by
                 Nicocreon
                 ,
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 could
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 be
                 restrain'd
                 from
                 casting
                 the
                 most
                 bitter
                 taun●s
                 and
                 reproaches
                 imaginable
                 against
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 who
                 at
                 length
                 threatned
                 to
                 cut
                 out
                 his
                 Tongue
                 ;
                 
                   This
                   part
                   of
                   my
                   body
                   nei●her
                   ,
                
                 quoth
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   effeminate
                   Youngman
                   ,
                   shall
                   be
                   in
                   thy
                   power
                   :
                
                 and
                 presently
                 biting
                 it
                 off
                 with
                 his
                 teeth
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 
                 sufficiently
                 chew'd
                 it
                 ,
                 he
                 spit
                 it
                 into
                 the
                 Tyrants
                 mouth
                 gaping
                 for
                 anger
                 .
                 That
                 tongue
                 wonderfully
                 astonish'd
                 the
                 ears
                 of
                 many
                 ,
                 especially
                 of
                 Alexander
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 having
                 before
                 so
                 wisely
                 and
                 eloquently
                 described
                 the
                 condition
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 the
                 scituation
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 the
                 Motion
                 of
                 the
                 Stars
                 ,
                 and
                 lastly
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 World.
                 Yet
                 he
                 fell
                 more
                 gloriously
                 than
                 he
                 liv'd
                 ,
                 seeing
                 such
                 a
                 couragious
                 conclusion
                 approv'd
                 the
                 illustriousness
                 of
                 his
                 profession
                 ,
                 and
                 beautified
                 with
                 such
                 a
                 noble
                 end
                 .
                 And
                 Anaxarchus
                 did
                 not
                 only
                 not
                 forsake
                 living
                 ,
                 but
                 render'd
                 his
                 Death
                 more
                 famous
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 In
                 vain
                 did
                 Hieronymus
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 weary
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 the
                 Executioners
                 with
                 the
                 Tortures
                 of
                 Theodo●us
                 a
                 most
                 eminent
                 person
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 was
                 forced
                 to
                 break
                 his
                 Whips
                 ,
                 loosen
                 the
                 Strings
                 ,
                 take
                 him
                 from
                 the
                 Rack
                 ,
                 and
                 quench
                 the
                 burni●g
                 Plates
                 ,
                 ere
                 he
                 could
                 make
                 him
                 confess
                 his
                 Consederates
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 by
                 accusing
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Tyrants
                 Guard
                 ,
                 upon
                 whose
                 shoulders
                 as
                 upon
                 hinges
                 the
                 whole
                 weight
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 hung
                 ,
                 he
                 sav'd
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 most
                 faithful
                 Friends
                 .
                 And
                 by
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 his
                 Patience
                 not
                 only
                 conceal'd
                 the
                 Secrets
                 of
                 the
                 Conspiracy
                 ,
                 but
                 occasioned
                 his
                 own
                 revenge
                 .
                 For
                 Hieronym●s
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 covetously
                 tears
                 his
                 Enemies
                 flesh
                 ,
                 rashly
                 lost
                 his
                 Friend
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Among
                 the
                 Indians
                 the
                 Exercise
                 of
                 Patience
                 is
                 reported
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 obstinately
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 be
                 some
                 that
                 go
                 naked
                 all
                 their
                 days
                 ,
                 hardening
                 their
                 Bodies
                 in
                 the
                 ●xtreme
                 cold
                 of
                 Caucasus
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 walking
                 thorow
                 fire
                 without
                 any
                 complaint
                 .
                 And
                 by
                 this
                 contempt
                 of
                 pain
                 ,
                 they
                 gain
                 no
                 small
                 honour
                 ,
                 receiving
                 from
                 thence
                 the
                 title
                 of
                 Wisdom
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Such
                 things
                 as
                 these
                 arise
                 from
                 minds
                 high
                 and
                 fraught
                 with
                 knowledg
                 :
                 but
                 this
                 is
                 no
                 less
                 to
                 be
                 admired
                 in
                 a
                 Slave
                 .
              
               
               
                 A
                 Barbarian
                 Slave
                 grieving
                 for
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 his
                 Master
                 ,
                 presently
                 setting
                 upon
                 Asdrubal
                 ,
                 slew
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 being
                 apprehended
                 he
                 was
                 tormented
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 ways
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 constantly
                 retain'd
                 in
                 his
                 mouth
                 the
                 joy
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 in
                 his
                 revenge
                 .
                 Vertue
                 therefore
                 not
                 excited
                 by
                 the
                 trouble
                 of
                 attaining
                 ,
                 suffers
                 her self
                 to
                 be
                 always
                 possess'd
                 by
                 vigorous
                 Ingenuities
                 ;
                 nor
                 affords
                 a
                 taste
                 of
                 her self
                 large
                 or
                 thristy
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 difference
                 of
                 the
                 persons
                 ,
                 but
                 being
                 expos●d
                 equally
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 esteems
                 more
                 what
                 it
                 brings
                 of
                 desire
                 than
                 worth
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 leaves
                 thee
                 to
                 examine
                 the
                 weight
                 thereof
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 consideration
                 of
                 the
                 benefits
                 receiv'd
                 by
                 her
                 ,
                 that
                 thou
                 mayst
                 carry
                 away
                 with
                 thee
                 as
                 much
                 ,
                 as
                 thy
                 Courage
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               IV.
               Of
               those
               who
               being
               meanly
               born
               ,
               have
               advanced
               to
               great
               Honours
               .
            
             
               
                 Among
                 the
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Tullus
                 Hostilius
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Tarquinius
                 Priscus
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Servius
                 Tullius
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Terentius
                 Varro
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 M.
                 Perperna
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 M.
                 Porcius
                 Cato
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORREIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Socrates
                 the
                 Athenian
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Euripides
                 and
                 Demosthenes
                 .
              
            
             
               HEnce
               it
               many
               times
               falls
               out
               ,
               that
               Men
               born
               of
               mean
               Parentage
               arrive
               to
               the
               highest
               pitches
               of
               Honour
               and
               Preferment
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               contrary
               ,
               that
               Men
               of
               most
               Noble
               Extraction
               ,
               falling
               into
               some
               disgrace
               ,
               change
               that
               light
               which
               they
               received
               from
               their
               Ancestors
               into
               darkness
               .
               Which
               will
               appear
               more
               
               apparent
               by
               their
               Examples
               .
               I
               shall
               begin
               with
               those
               whose
               change
               from
               low
               to
               high
               degree
               ,
               affords
               a
               kind
               of
               pl●asing
               Majesty
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               A
               poor
               Country
               Cottage
               entertain'd
               the
               Infancy
               of
               
                 Tullus
                 Hostilius
              
               .
               His
               Youth
               was
               employ'd
               in
               keeping
               sh●ep
               ,
               his
               riper
               years
               govern'd
               the
               Roman
               Empire
               ,
               and
               doubly
               augmented
               it
               ;
               his
               old
               age
               embellished
               with
               most
               excellent
               Ornaments
               ,
               shin'd
               in
               the
               highest
               Pinacle
               of
               Majesty
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               But
               Tullus
               though
               he
               were
               great
               ,
               and
               admirable
               in
               his
               growing
               great
               ,
               yet
               was
               he
               but
               a
               private
               Example
               .
               But
               
                 Tarquinius
                 Priscus
              
               was
               by
               Fortune
               brought
               to
               our
               City
               to
               possess
               the
               Roman
               S●epte●
               :
               A
               Forrainer
               ,
               because
               born
               at
               Corinth
               ;
               to
               be
               scorn'd
               ,
               as
               being
               begot
               by
               Demaratus
               a
               Merchant
               ;
               and
               one
               to
               be
               ashamed
               of
               ,
               because
               his
               Father
               was
               an
               Exile
               :
               But
               by
               the
               prosperous
               event
               of
               his
               Condition
               he
               became
               industrious
               ,
               instead
               of
               ignominious
               ,
               glorious
               instead
               of
               being
               envi'd
               .
               For
               he
               extended
               the
               bounds
               of
               the
               Empire
               ,
               and
               reform'd
               the
               Worship
               of
               the
               Gods
               with
               new
               Sacrifices
               :
               He
               increased
               the
               number
               of
               Senators
               ,
               and
               amplified
               the
               Order
               of
               Knighthood
               .
               And
               what
               was
               the
               perfection
               of
               his
               praises
               ,
               his
               most
               eminent
               Vertues
               were
               such
               ,
               that
               the
               City
               had
               no
               cause
               to
               repent
               that
               she
               had
               rather
               b●rrowed
               a
               King
               from
               her
               Neighbours
               ,
               than
               chosen
               one
               of
               her
               own
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               But
               in
               
                 Servius
                 Tullius
              
               Fortune
               shewed
               her
               greatest
               power
               ,
               by
               giving
               us
               a
               King
               born
               a
               stranger
               to
               this
               City
               ;
               who
               happened
               to
               sway
               the
               Scepter
               many
               years
               ,
               to
               appoint
               a
               Lustrum
               four
               times
               ,
               and
               to
               triumph
               thrice
               .
               Briefly
               ,
               whence
               he
               came
               ,
               and
               how
               far
               he
               proceeded
               ,
               the
               Inscription
               of
               his
               Statue
               sufficiently
               witn●sses
               ,
               being
               ●ntrigu'd
               with
               a
               servile
               Sirname
               ,
               and
               a
               Royal
               Title
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               By
               a
               strange
               rise
               Varro
               ascended
               to
               the
               Consulship
               ,
               from
               his
               Fathers
               Butchers
               stall
               :
               Yet
               Fortune
               thought
               it
               not
               enough
               to
               bestow
               the
               twelve
               Fasces
               upon
               
               one
               brought
               up
               by
               the
               gains
               of
               the
               most
               sordid
               Ware
               ,
               unless
               she
               had
               given
               him
               
                 Emilius
                 Paulus
              
               to
               be
               his
               Colleague
               :
               And
               she
               so
               insinuated
               her self
               into
               his
               favour
               ,
               that
               when
               by
               his
               rashness
               he
               had
               ruined
               the
               Power
               of
               Rome
               ,
               at
               the
               B●ttel
               of
               Cannae
               ▪
               yet
               she
               suffered
               Emilius
               to
               be
               slain
               ,
               but
               brought
               Varro
               safe
               to
               Rome
               :
               Nay
               ,
               she
               brought
               forth
               the
               Senate
               to
               meet
               him
               without
               the
               Gates
               ,
               and
               giving
               him
               thanks
               that
               he
               would
               be
               pleased
               to
               return
               ;
               and
               so
               advanced
               him
               ,
               that
               the
               Dictatorship
               was
               allotted
               to
               the
               Author
               of
               their
               greatest
               Calamity
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Nor
               was
               
                 Marcus
                 Perpern●
              
               a
               small
               disgrace
               to
               the
               Consulship
               ,
               as
               being
               made
               Consul
               before
               he
               was
               a
               Citizen
               ;
               but
               in
               War
               more
               profitable
               to
               the
               Common-wealth
               than
               Varro
               the
               General
               :
               For
               he
               took
               King
               Aristonicus
               ,
               and
               revenged
               the
               slaughter
               of
               Crassus
               and
               his
               Army
               .
               Yet
               was
               his
               death
               ,
               whose
               life
               had
               triumph'd
               ,
               condemned
               by
               the
               Papian
               Law
               :
               for
               they
               compelled
               his
               Father
               ,
               not
               being
               able
               to
               claim
               the
               priviledges
               of
               a
               Roman
               Citizen
               ,
               and
               prosecuted
               therefore
               by
               Sabellius
               ,
               to
               return
               to
               his
               Original
               Station
               .
               Thus
               was
               the
               name
               of
               Perperna
               clouded
               ,
               his
               counterfeit
               Consulship
               a
               kind
               of
               Government
               like
               a
               Mist
               ,
               a
               fading
               Triumph
               ,
               and
               his
               Off-spring
               a
               Sojourner
               in
               a
               strange
               City
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               But
               the
               beginnings
               of
               
                 Porcius
                 Cato
              
               were
               searched
               for
               out
               by
               publick
               Vote
               :
               Who
               render'd
               his
               name
               most
               famous
               at
               Rome
               ,
               which
               was
               scarcely
               known
               in
               Tusculum
               .
               The
               lasting
               Monuments
               of
               the
               Latin
               Tongue
               were
               by
               him
               adorn'd
               ,
               Military
               Discipline
               reform'd
               ,
               the
               Majesty
               of
               the
               Senate
               increased
               ,
               his
               Family
               establish'd
               ,
               to
               which
               the
               last
               Cato
               was
               no
               small
               honour
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 But
                 to
                 joyn
                 Forraign
                 Examples
                 to
                 the
                 Romans
                 ;
                 
                 Socrates
                 not
                 onely
                 by
                 common
                 consent
                 of
                 all
                 persons
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 Oracle
                 of
                 Apollo
                 ,
                 judg'd
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 wisest
                 among
                 men
                 ,
                 was
                 born
                 of
                 Phanarete
                 a
                 Midwife
                 ,
                 and
                 Sophroniscus
                 a
                 Stone-cutter
                 ;
                 yet
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 resplendent
                 Lights
                 of
                 Glory
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 undeservedly
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 the
                 Wits
                 of
                 most
                 learned
                 men
                 were
                 busied
                 in
                 blinde
                 Disputations
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavoured
                 to
                 set
                 down
                 the
                 prove
                 the
                 measures
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 Moon
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Stars
                 ,
                 rather
                 by
                 multiplicity
                 of
                 words
                 ,
                 than
                 certain
                 Arguments
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 they
                 undertook
                 to
                 tell
                 the
                 compass
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 )
                 he
                 diverted
                 men
                 from
                 these
                 unlearned
                 and
                 unnecessary
                 questions
                 ,
                 and
                 taught
                 them
                 to
                 dive
                 into
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 secret
                 Aff●ctions
                 that
                 lay
                 hidden
                 in
                 his
                 breast
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 if
                 Vertue
                 be
                 esteem'd
                 for
                 its
                 self
                 ,
                 much
                 more
                 such
                 a
                 Master
                 as
                 teacheth
                 the
                 best
                 Rules
                 of
                 life
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 What
                 Mother
                 Euripides
                 had
                 ,
                 or
                 what
                 Father
                 Domesthenes
                 had
                 ,
                 was
                 unknown
                 to
                 the
                 Age
                 they
                 lived
                 in
                 :
                 Yet
                 the
                 most
                 certain
                 opinion
                 of
                 the
                 Learned
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Mother
                 of
                 the
                 one
                 sold
                 Pot-herbs
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Father
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 dealt
                 in
                 Knives
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 what
                 can
                 be
                 more
                 famous
                 than
                 the
                 Tragedies
                 of
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Orations
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 ?
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               V.
               Of
               those
               who
               have
               degenerated
               ,
               being
               born
               of
               Noble
               Ancestors
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Son
                   of
                
                 Scipio
                 Africanus
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Q.
                 Fabius
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   him
                   ,
                   sirnamed
                
                 Allobrogicus
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Son
                   of
                
                 Clodius
                 and
                 Fulvia
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Marcus
                 Hortensius
                 Corbio
                 .
              
            
             
               HEre
               follows
               the
               second
               part
               of
               a
               double
               promise
               ,
               to
               be
               made
               good
               by
               relating
               the
               blemishes
               in
               the
               Coats
               of
               Illustrious
               men
               :
               Because
               we
               are
               not
               to
               relate
               the
               stories
               of
               those
               that
               have
               degenerated
               from
               the
               glory
               of
               their
               Ancestors
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               For
               what
               could
               be
               more
               like
               a
               Monster
               than
               the
               Son
               of
               the
               Elder
               
                 Scipio
                 Africanus
              
               ?
               who
               receiving
               his
               beginning
               from
               so
               Illustrious
               a
               Family
               ,
               could
               endure
               to
               suffer
               himself
               to
               be
               taken
               by
               a
               small
               party
               of
               King
               Antiochus
               ;
               when
               it
               had
               been
               better
               for
               him
               to
               have
               died
               a
               voluntary
               death
               ,
               than
               between
               two
               the
               most
               famous
               Sirnames
               ,
               the
               one
               obtained
               by
               the
               destruction
               of
               Africk
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               got
               by
               the
               Conquest
               of
               Asia
               ,
               to
               suffer
               his
               hands
               to
               be
               bound
               by
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               and
               to
               be
               beholding
               to
               his
               mercy
               for
               a
               pitiful
               life
               ,
               over
               whom
               Scipio
               was
               to
               obtain
               ,
               in
               a
               small
               time
               ,
               a
               Triumph
               ,
               most
               glorious
               in
               the
               sight
               of
               Gods
               and
               men
               .
               Coming
               to
               claim
               the
               Pretorship
               ,
               he
               appeared
               in
               the
               field
               with
               such
               a
               spotted
               and
               bedaub'd
               white
               Gown
               ,
               that
               had
               it
               not
               been
               for
               the
               courtesie
               of
               Cicereus
               ,
               who
               was
               his
               Father's
               Secretary
               ,
               he
               would
               not
               have
               obtain'd
               the
               honour
               .
               
               Though
               it
               had
               been
               no
               great
               matter
               whether
               he
               had
               a
               Repulse
               or
               a
               Pretorship
               so
               obtain'd
               ;
               for
               when
               the
               standers
               by
               saw
               what
               a
               soul
               Ga●ment
               he
               had
               on
               ,
               they
               were
               the
               occasion
               that
               he
               neith●r
               durst
               place
               his
               Chair
               ,
               not
               hear
               Causes
               .
               Moreover
               ,
               they
               took
               a
               Ring
               off
               his
               finger
               ,
               upon
               which
               the
               head
               of
               Alexander
               was
               engrav'd
               :
               Good
               Gods
               !
               from
               what
               Thunder
               die
               ye
               suffer
               so
               much
               Darkness
               to
               proceed
               ?
            
             
               2.
               
               Again
               ,
               
                 Q.
                 Fabius
                 Maximus
              
               the
               Son
               of
               
                 Q.
                 Fabius
                 Maximus
              
               ,
               sirnamed
               Allobrogicus
               ,
               what
               a
               luxurious
               and
               dissolute
               life
               did
               he
               lead
               ?
               whose
               other
               Vices
               to
               obliterate
               ,
               yet
               might
               his
               Manners
               be
               seen
               by
               one
               act
               of
               disgrace
               ,
               that
               
                 Q.
                 Pompey
              
               ,
               the
               City-Pretor
               ,
               would
               not
               let
               him
               meddle
               with
               his
               Father's
               goods
               .
               Neither
               was
               there
               any
               person
               in
               so
               great
               a
               City
               ,
               that
               would
               speak
               against
               the
               Decree
               :
               For
               men
               grived
               to
               see
               that
               that
               money
               which
               was
               to
               maintain
               the
               splendour
               of
               the
               Fabian
               Family
               ,
               should
               be
               spent
               in
               Riot
               and
               Excess
               .
               Thus
               he
               whom
               his
               Father's
               indulgence
               left
               his
               Heir
               ,
               the
               publick
               severity
               dis-inherited
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Clodius
               the
               fair
               was
               in
               great
               favour
               with
               the
               people
               ;
               yet
               his
               Wife
               Fulvia
               wearing
               a
               Dagger
               ,
               shew'd
               that
               he
               suffered
               his
               warlike
               Spirit
               to
               be
               subject
               to
               the
               commands
               of
               a
               Woman
               .
               Their
               Son
               called
               also
               by
               the
               name
               of
               Clodius
               the
               Fair
               ,
               beside
               that
               he
               had
               led
               a
               slothful
               and
               effeminate
               life
               in
               his
               Youth
               ,
               was
               also
               infamous
               for
               his
               egregious
               dotage
               upon
               the
               most
               common
               Whores
               ,
               and
               died
               a
               most
               s●ameful
               death
               :
               For
               his
               belly
               being
               eaten
               up
               ,
               he
               surrender'd
               his
               life
               to
               the
               greedy
               appetite
               of
               his
               own
               soul
               in●emperance
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               
                 Hortensius
                 Corbio
              
               also
               the
               Nephew
               of
               
                 Quintus
                 Hortensius
              
               ,
               who
               in
               the
               greatest
               plenty
               of
               ingenious
               and
               illustrious
               Citizens
               ,
               attain'd
               the
               highest
               degree
               of
               Eloquence
               and
               Authority
               ,
               led
               a
               life
               more
               obscure
               and
               fordid
               ,
               than
               all
               the
               Strumpets
               put
               together
               .
               At
               length
               his
               Tongue
               was
               as
               common
               at
               the
               pleasure
               and
               lust
               of
               
               every
               one
               in
               the
               Bawdy-houses
               ,
               as
               his
               Fathers
               Oratory
               was
               diligently
               employ'd
               for
               the
               good
               of
               his
               Fellow-Citizens
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               VI.
               Of
               Illustrious
               men
               ,
               that
               delighted
               more
               than
               ordinary
               in
               rich
               Apparel
               ,
               and
               sumptuous
               adorning
               themselves
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Scipio
                 
                   the
                   Greater
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Asiatic
                 Scipio
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Cornelius
                 Sylla
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 C.
                 Duilius
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 C.
                 Papirius
                 Maso
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 C.
                 Marius
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 M.
                 Cato
                 of
                 Utica
                 .
              
            
             
               I
               Am
               not
               ignorant
               what
               a
               dangerous
               Journey
               I
               have
               undertaken
               :
               Therefore
               I
               will
               recall
               my self
               ,
               lest
               while
               I
               continue
               to
               pursue
               the
               remaining
               Shipwracks
               and
               Miscarriages
               of
               the
               same
               nature
               ,
               I
               should
               intrigue
               my self
               in
               useless
               Relations
               :
               I
               will
               therefore
               retreat
               ,
               and
               suffer
               those
               deformed
               shadows
               to
               lie
               hid
               in
               the
               deep
               Abyss
               of
               their
               own
               shame
               ;
               thinking
               it
               more
               to
               the
               purpose
               to
               declare
               what
               illustrious
               Personages
               have
               given
               themselves
               an
               unusual
               liberty
               in
               their
               Habits
               and
               Dresses
               ,
               the
               Authors
               of
               new
               Customs
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 P.
                 Sci●io
              
               being
               in
               Sic●ly
               ,
               there
               intent
               upon
               the
               reinforcing
               and
               transporting
               his
               Army
               into
               Africa
               ,
               as
               he
               that
               minded
               nothing
               more
               than
               the
               ruine
               of
               Carthage
               ,
               was
               at
               the
               same
               time
               accustomed
               to
               the
               Gymnasium
               ,
               and
               wore
               a
               Pallium
               ,
               or
               long
               Mantle
               ,
               and
               those
               finer
               sort
               of
               shoes
               called
               Crepidae
               .
               Yet
               did
               he
               handle
               the
               Carthaginians
               never
               a
               whit
               the
               more
               softly
               for
               that
               :
               For
               his
               Divertisement
               made
               him
               more
               eager
               ,
               
               seeing
               that
               strong
               and
               active
               Wits
               ,
               the
               more
               they
               use
               Retirement
               ,
               the
               more
               vehement
               they
               are
               in
               Command
               .
               Thereby
               perhaps
               he
               also
               thought
               to
               win
               the
               favour
               of
               the
               young
               Gentry
               ,
               while
               he
               followed
               their
               Customes
               of
               Habit
               and
               Diet.
               For
               to
               those
               Exercises
               he
               applied
               himself
               ,
               when
               he
               had
               much
               and
               long
               tired
               himself
               ,
               and
               had
               constrained
               his
               other
               Limbs
               to
               prove
               their
               Strength
               by
               Military
               Labours
               ,
               wearied
               with
               the
               one
               ,
               recreated
               with
               the
               other
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               We
               likewise
               behold
               the
               Statue
               of
               
                 Lucius
                 Scipio
              
               with
               a
               Chlamys
               or
               a
               short
               Cloak
               about
               his
               Shoulders
               ,
               and
               embroidered
               Slippers
               .
               In
               which
               Habit
               ,
               as
               he
               was
               wont
               to
               wear
               it
               alive
               ,
               they
               cloa●hed
               his
               Essigies
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               
                 Lucius
                 Cornelius
                 Sylla
              
               also
               ,
               when
               he
               was
               Emperour
               ,
               thought
               it
               no
               disgrace
               to
               walk
               the
               streets
               of
               Naples
               mantled
               in
               a
               Short
               Cloak
               ,
               and
               Embroidered
               Shoes
               upon
               his
               Feet
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               
                 C.
                 Duilius
              
               also
               ,
               that
               first
               triumphed
               by
               Sea
               over
               the
               Carthaginians
               ,
               when
               he
               had
               been
               feasting
               ,
               was
               wont
               to
               return
               home
               with
               Wax-Torches
               and
               Minstrels
               going
               before
               him
               ,
               causing
               his
               noble
               Success
               in
               War
               to
               be
               spread
               abroad
               by
               his
               Nocturnal
               Revelling
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               
                 Papirius
                 Maso
              
               also
               ,
               not
               being
               able
               to
               obtain
               a
               Triumph
               ,
               though
               he
               had
               signally
               deserved
               of
               the
               Common-wealth
               ,
               began
               a
               new
               way
               of
               Triumphing
               in
               the
               Alban
               Mountain
               ,
               and
               set
               a
               president
               for
               others
               afterwards
               to
               follow
               .
               For
               when
               he
               was
               present
               at
               any
               Shew
               ,
               he
               used
               a
               Myrtle
               instead
               of
               a
               La●rel
               Crown
               ,
            
             
               6.
               
               Unusual
               also
               was
               the
               act
               of
               
                 Caius
                 Marius
              
               ,
               who
               having
               Triumphed
               over
               Iugurth
               ,
               the
               Cimbrians
               ,
               and
               Teutons
               ,
               was
               alwaies
               used
               to
               drink
               out
               of
               a
               Cantbarus
               ,
               or
               Kan
               .
               Because
               that
               Bacchus
               returning
               in
               triumph
               out
               of
               Asia
               ,
               was
               said
               to
               use
               that
               sort
               of
               Cup
               ;
               that
               while
               
               he
               drank
               ,
               he
               might
               seem
               to
               compare
               his
               Victories
               with
               those
               of
               the
               God.
               
            
             
               7.
               
               
                 Marcus
                 Cato
              
               also
               ,
               being
               Praetor
               ,
               pleaded
               the
               Condemnations
               of
               Scaurus
               ,
               and
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Criminals
               ,
               without
               his
               Tunic
               ,
               only
               in
               his
               Purple
               Gown
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               VII
               .
               Of
               Self-Confidence
               .
            
             
               
                 Among
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 in
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Scipio
                 
                   the
                   Greater
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Scipio
                 Aemilianus
                 Coss.
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Scipio
                 Nasica
                 Coss.
                 
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Livius
                 Salinator
                 Coss.
                 
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 P.
                 Furius
                 Philus
                 Coss.
                 
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Licinius
                 Crassus
                 Procos
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Cato
                 
                   the
                   Greater
                
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Aemilius
                 Sc●urus
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 M.
                 Antonius
                 
                   the
                   Orator
                
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 The
                 Roman
                 Senate
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 Accius
                 
                   the
                   Poet.
                
                 
              
            
             
               
                 FORREIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Euripides
                 
                   the
                   Poet.
                
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Antigenidas
                 
                   the
                   Musician
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Zeuxes
                 
                   the
                   Painter
                
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Phidias
                 
                   the
                   Graver
                
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Epaminondas
                 of
                 Thebes
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Hannibal
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Cotys
                 
                   King
                   of
                
                 Thrace
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Androclidas
                 ,
                 Leonidas
                 ,
                 Agis
                 ,
                 Spartans
                 .
              
            
             
               THese
               ,
               and
               other
               Examples
               like
               these
               ,
               are
               marks
               of
               a
               Vertue
               assuming
               something
               to
               it self
               ,
               by
               a
               new
               custome
               of
               Liberty
               .
               But
               by
               those
               that
               follow
               ,
               it
               shall
               appear
               how
               confident
               Vertue
               is
               of
               her self
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               P.
               and
               
                 Cn.
                 Scipio
              
               being
               with
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               the
               Army
               very
               much
               distrest
               by
               the
               Carthaginians
               ,
               all
               the
               people
               of
               that
               Province
               taking
               put
               with
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               no
               other
               of
               our
               Captains
               daring
               to
               adventure
               thither
               ;
               
                 Publius
                 Scipio
              
               ,
               being
               then
               but
               in
               the
               Twenty
               
               Fourth
               year
               of
               his
               Age
               ,
               proffe●'d
               himself
               .
               Which
               confidence
               of
               his
               afforded
               both
               safety
               and
               victory
               to
               the
               Romans
               .
               And
               the
               same
               confidence
               he
               had
               at
               home
               ,
               he
               us'd
               in
               Spain
               .
               For
               when
               he
               was
               besieging
               the
               City
               of
               Badia
               ,
               he
               caus'd
               all
               those
               that
               came
               to
               his
               Tribunal
               ,
               in
               matters
               of
               Law
               ,
               to
               put
               in
               Sureties
               to
               appear
               at
               a
               certain
               House
               which
               was
               within
               the
               Walls
               of
               the
               Town
               the
               next
               day
               ;
               and
               immediately
               taking
               the
               City
               ,
               at
               the
               same
               time
               and
               place
               that
               he
               had
               appointed
               ,
               he
               caus'd
               his
               Chair
               to
               be
               plac'd
               ,
               and
               there
               sate
               in
               Judgment
               .
               Nothing
               more
               Heroic
               than
               such
               a
               Confidence
               ,
               nothing
               more
               true
               than
               such
               a
               Prediction
               ,
               nothing
               more
               efficacious
               than
               such
               a
               Celerity
               ,
               nothing
               more
               worthy
               than
               such
               an
               Authority
               .
               Not
               less
               courageous
               ,
               nor
               less
               prosperous
               was
               his
               Passage
               into
               Africa
               :
               into
               which
               he
               transported
               his
               Army
               ,
               contrary
               to
               the
               command
               of
               the
               Senate
               .
               In
               which
               thing
               ,
               had
               he
               not
               trusted
               more
               to
               his
               own
               opinion
               ,
               than
               the
               counsel
               of
               the
               Conscript
               Fathers
               ,
               there
               would
               have
               been
               no
               end
               of
               the
               Second
               Punic
               War.
               Equal
               to
               this
               was
               that
               Confidence
               of
               his
               ,
               that
               when
               after
               he
               was
               landed
               in
               Africa
               ,
               he
               had
               taken
               several
               of
               the
               Scouts
               of
               
               Hannibal's
               Army
               ,
               he
               neither
               put
               them
               to
               death
               ,
               nor
               in
               prison
               ,
               nor
               enquir'd
               any
               thing
               into
               the
               state
               and
               condition
               of
               the
               Enemy
               ;
               but
               caus'd
               them
               to
               be
               led
               through
               all
               the
               Companies
               of
               his
               Army
               :
               And
               then
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               ask'd
               them
               whether
               they
               had
               taken
               a
               sufficient
               view
               of
               what
               they
               were
               commanded
               to
               take
               no●●ce
               of
               ,
               causing
               provision
               to
               be
               given
               to
               them
               and
               their
               horses
               ,
               he
               freely
               dismiss'd
               um
               in
               safety
               .
               With
               which
               Confidence
               of
               mind
               he
               dampt
               the
               Courage
               of
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               before
               he
               had
               vanquish'd
               their
               Arms.
               But
               to
               come
               to
               the
               private
               acts
               of
               his
               sublime
               confidence
               ;
               When
               he
               was
               call'd
               to
               an
               accompt
               for
               Fourty
               Thousand
               Sesterces
               of
               the
               Money
               of
               Antiochia
               ,
               he
               took
               the
               Book
               wherein
               his
               Expences
               were
               wrote
               down
               ,
               and
               by
               which
               he
               
               might
               have
               clear'd
               himself
               from
               the
               Accusation
               of
               his
               enemies
               ,
               and
               tore
               it
               publickly
               ;
               disdaining
               that
               any
               doubt
               should
               be
               made
               of
               what
               he
               had
               acted
               ,
               as
               being
               the
               chief
               Commander
               :
               Pleading
               for
               himself
               in
               this
               wise
               ;
               
                 I
                 am
                 not
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 accompt
                 to
                 your
                 Treasury
                 ,
                 most
                 Noble
                 Senators
                 ,
                 having
                 commanded
                 a
                 forreign
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 my
                 Government
                 and
                 Conduct
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 made
                 more
                 plentiful
                 than
                 twice
                 an
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 Sesterces
                 .
                 Neither
                 do
                 I
                 think
                 ye
                 are
                 come
                 to
                 that
                 height
                 of
                 malice
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 doubt
                 of
                 my
                 Innocency
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 I
                 had
                 subdued
              
               Afric●
               
                 wholly
                 under
                 your
                 Iurisdiction
                 ,
                 I
                 brought
                 nothing
                 thence
                 that
                 I
                 could
                 call
                 mine
                 own
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 Sirname
                 .
                 They
                 have
                 not
                 therefore
                 rendered
                 me
                 covetous
                 of
                 the
              
               Punic
               ,
               
                 nor
                 my
                 Brother
                 of
                 the
              
               Asiatic
               
                 Treasure
                 ,
                 seeing
                 we
                 are
                 bot●
                 more
                 wealthy
                 in
                 Envy
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 Money
                 .
              
               Which
               stout
               defence
               of
               Scipio
               the
               whole
               Senate
               approved
               .
            
             
               Like
               this
               was
               another
               act
               of
               his
               .
               When
               finding
               that
               the
               urg●nt
               occasions
               of
               the
               Common-wealth
               required
               Money
               to
               be
               taken
               out
               of
               the
               Publique
               Treasury
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               Questors
               were
               shie
               of
               opening
               it
               ,
               because
               it
               seem'd
               to
               be
               something
               against
               the
               Law
               ;
               being
               a
               private
               person
               he
               demanded
               the
               Keys
               ,
               and
               compell'd
               the
               Law
               to
               yield
               to
               Necessity
               .
               Which
               confidence
               grew
               from
               the
               assurance
               which
               he
               had
               ,
               that
               all
               the
               Laws
               were
               by
               that
               means
               secur'd
               .
               I
               will
               not
               be
               tired
               with
               the
               relation
               of
               his
               Actions
               of
               this
               nature
               ,
               seeing
               that
               he
               himself
               was
               never
               wearied
               in
               the
               exercise
               thereof
               .
               
                 P.
                 Nevius
              
               Tribune
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               or
               as
               some
               relate
               ,
               the
               two
               Petellii
               ,
               had
               prefix'd
               him
               a
               day
               to
               appear
               before
               the
               People
               ;
               who
               appearing
               in
               great
               multitudes
               in
               the
               Forum
               ,
               he
               ascended
               the
               Pulpit
               for
               Orations
               ,
               and
               putting
               a
               Triumphal
               Crown
               upon
               his
               Head
               ;
               
                 This
                 day
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 most
                 Noble
              
               Romans
               ,
               
                 did
                 I
                 compel
              
               Carthage
               ,
               
                 hoping
                 great
                 things
                 ,
                 to
                 submit
                 to
                 your
                 Laws
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 I
                 hold
                 it
                 just
                 that
                 you
                 go
                 with
                 me
                 to
                 the
                 Capitol
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 thanks
                 to
                 the
                 Gods.
              
               Which
               
               most
               splendid
               Speech
               of
               his
               had
               as
               noble
               a
               success
               .
               For
               immediately
               the
               whole
               Senate
               ,
               the
               whole
               Order
               of
               Knights
               ,
               and
               all
               the
               People
               follow'd
               him
               to
               the
               Temple
               of
               Iupiter
               .
               The
               Tribune
               remained
               alone
               to
               plead
               to
               the
               people
               without
               the
               people
               ,
               being
               deserted
               in
               the
               Forum
               with
               great
               contempt
               of
               his
               Calumny
               .
               At
               leng●h
               ,
               to
               avoid
               the
               shame
               ,
               he
               went
               also
               to
               the
               Capitol
               himself
               ;
               and
               of
               an
               Accuser
               ,
               became
               a
               great
               admirer
               of
               Scipio
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               
                 Scipio
                 Aemilianus
              
               ,
               the
               famous
               H●ir
               of
               his
               Fathers
               Courage
               and
               Magn●nimity
               ,
               being
               at
               the
               Siege
               of
               a
               strong
               City
               ▪
               and
               perswad●d
               by
               some
               that
               he
               should
               place
               round
               about
               the
               Walls
               thereof
               sha●p
               Iron
               Spikes
               ,
               and
               stop
               all
               the
               open
               Passages
               with
               Planks
               covered
               with
               Lead
               ,
               and
               stuck
               with
               Spikes
               ,
               to
               hinder
               the
               Sallies
               of
               the
               Enemy
               ;
               made
               answer
               ,
               that
               it
               was
               not
               for
               him
               to
               fear
               those
               that
               he
               sought
               to
               take
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               To
               what
               ever
               side
               of
               Memorable
               Examples
               I
               turn
               me
               ,
               I
               am
               forced
               ,
               
                 nolens
                 volens
              
               ,
               to
               remain
               in
               the
               Family
               of
               the
               
               Scipio's
               .
               For
               how
               can
               we
               in
               this
               place
               pass
               over
               
                 Scipio
                 Nasica
              
               ,
               illustrious
               for
               his
               magnanimous
               Mind
               and
               Saying
               ?
               There
               being
               a
               likelihood
               of
               great
               Scarcity
               ,
               Curatius
               Tribune
               of
               the
               People
               compelled
               the
               Consuls
               ,
               in
               a
               publick
               Assembly
               ,
               to
               propose
               in
               Court
               the
               buying
               of
               Corn
               ,
               and
               sending
               Embassadours
               to
               that
               end
               and
               purpose
               .
               For
               the
               hindering
               of
               which
               design
               ,
               being
               of
               little
               profit
               ,
               Nasica
               began
               to
               make
               opposition
               ;
               upon
               which
               a
               great
               clamour
               arising
               among
               the
               People
               :
               Romans
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 be
                 quiet
                 ,
                 for
                 I
                 understand
                 much
                 better
                 than
                 you
                 do
                 ,
                 what
                 the
                 necessities
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 require
                 .
              
               Which
               words
               o●
               his
               they
               no
               sooner
               heard
               ,
               but
               with
               a
               silence
               full
               of
               veneration
               ,
               they
               made
               it
               appear
               ,
               how
               much
               a
               greater
               resp●ct
               they
               had
               to
               his
               Authority
               ,
               than
               to
               their
               own
               want
               of
               Nourishment
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               The
               stout
               mind
               also
               of
               
                 Livius
                 Salinator
              
               is
               to
               
               be
               delivered
               to
               Eternal
               Memory
               ;
               who
               ,
               when
               he
               had
               defeated
               Asdrubal
               ,
               and
               the
               Army
               of
               the
               Carthaginians
               in
               Vmbria
               ,
               and
               that
               it
               was
               told
               him
               that
               the
               Gauls
               and
               Ligurians
               were
               without
               order
               ,
               and
               without
               their
               Officers
               ,
               scattered
               from
               their
               Colours
               ,
               easie
               to
               be
               overthrown
               with
               a
               small
               party
               ;
               he
               made
               answer
               ,
               That
               those
               were
               to
               be
               spared
               ,
               lest
               the
               Enemy
               should
               want
               Messengers
               of
               their
               great
               defeat
               at
               home
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               This
               was
               a
               warlike
               presence
               of
               minde
               ,
               that
               which
               we
               relate
               ,
               though
               in
               a
               person
               of
               the
               Gown
               ,
               not
               less
               praiseworthy
               ;
               which
               
                 Furius
                 Philus
              
               shewed
               in
               the
               Senate
               :
               For
               he
               compelled
               
                 Quintus
                 Metel●us
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Quintus
                 Pompeius
              
               ,
               men
               of
               Consular
               degree
               ,
               being
               his
               professed
               Enemies
               ,
               and
               upbraiding
               him
               because
               he
               did
               not
               go
               into
               Spain
               ,
               which
               province
               he
               had
               chosen
               ,
               that
               he
               should
               send
               Lieutenants
               thither
               ,
               upon
               his
               departure
               fr●m
               Rome
               to
               march
               along
               with
               him
               ;
               a
               confidence
               not
               onely
               couragious
               ,
               but
               almost
               rash
               ,
               that
               durst
               admit
               so
               neer
               him
               two
               of
               his
               most
               Capital
               Adversaries
               ;
               and
               trust
               the
               management
               of
               Affairs
               in
               the
               breast
               of
               Enemies
               ,
               which
               was
               hardly
               to
               be
               intrusted
               with
               his
               friends
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               The
               act
               of
               this
               person
               ,
               if
               it
               be
               not
               displeasing
               ,
               certainly
               the
               purpose
               of
               
                 L.
                 Crassu●
              
               ,
               who
               was
               the
               most
               Eloquent
               among
               his
               Ancestors
               ,
               cannot
               admit
               of
               reproof
               :
               who
               having
               obtained
               the
               Province
               of
               Galli●
               in
               his
               Consul●●ip
               ,
               in
               which
               Province
               Carbo
               had
               condemn'd
               his
               Father
               ,
               when
               he
               came
               to
               have
               an
               inspection
               into
               
               Carbo's
               actions
               ,
               he
               not
               onely
               not
               remov'd
               him
               from
               his
               Dignity
               ,
               but
               assign'd
               him
               a
               place
               in
               the
               Tribunal
               ,
               and
               ordered
               nothing
               without
               his
               presence
               in
               Council
               :
               So
               that
               sharp
               and
               vehement
               Carbo
               got
               nothing
               by
               his
               Gallick
               Expedition
               ,
               but
               onely
               that
               he
               thereby
               understood
               that
               a
               guilty
               Father
               had
               been
               banished
               by
               a
               just
               and
               honest
               man.
               
            
             
               7.
               
               The
               Elder
               Cato
               being
               often
               called
               to
               plead
               for
               
               himself
               ,
               yet
               never
               convicted
               of
               any
               Crime
               ,
               at
               length
               reposed
               so
               much
               confidence
               in
               his
               Innocency
               ,
               that
               being
               publickly
               questioned
               ,
               he
               made
               Gracchus
               his
               Judge
               ,
               to
               whom
               he
               bare
               a
               singular
               hatred
               ▪
               by
               which
               excellency
               of
               his
               Courage
               he
               abated
               the
               envy
               of
               his
               Prosecutors
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               The
               same
               was
               the
               fortune
               of
               
                 M.
                 Scaurus
              
               ,
               the
               same
               length
               of
               years
               ,
               the
               same
               courage
               of
               minde
               :
               Who
               being
               accused
               before
               the
               Pulpits
               for
               Orations
               ,
               that
               he
               had
               taken
               money
               of
               Mithridates
               to
               betray
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               pleaded
               his
               Cause
               in
               this
               manner
               :
               
                 It
                 is
                 unjust
                 ,
                 O
              
               Romans
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 that
                 I
                 who
                 have
                 lived
                 among
                 one
                 sort
                 of
                 people
                 ,
                 should
                 come
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 my
                 actions
                 among
                 another
                 ;
                 yet
                 I
                 will
                 dare
                 to
                 ask
                 ye
                 all
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 whom
                 could
                 not
                 possibly
                 be
                 present
                 at
                 the
                 Deeds
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 done
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Honours
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 attain'd
                 .
              
               Varius
               Suetonensis
               
                 says
                 that
              
               M.
               Scaurus
               
                 brib'd
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 has
                 betray'd
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 :
                 Whom
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 do
                 you
                 believe
                 ?
              
               The
               people
               mov'd
               with
               admiration
               of
               his
               Saying
               ,
               with
               their
               loud
               Cries
               forced
               Varius
               to
               desist
               from
               his
               violent
               and
               mad
               prosecution
               .
            
             
               9.
               
               Contrariwise
               did
               
                 M.
                 Antonius
              
               ,
               the
               Eloquent
               man
               :
               For
               he
               ,
               not
               by
               refusing
               ,
               but
               by
               embracing
               his
               own
               defence
               ,
               testified
               how
               innocent
               he
               was
               .
               Going
               Questor
               into
               Asia
               ,
               he
               was
               on
               his
               Journey
               as
               far
               as
               Brundusium
               ;
               where
               being
               informed
               by
               Letters
               that
               he
               was
               accused
               of
               Incest
               before
               the
               Pretor
               Cassius
               ,
               whose
               Tribunal
               ,
               because
               of
               his
               severity
               ,
               was
               called
               the
               
                 Rock
                 of
                 the
                 Guilty
              
               ,
               though
               he
               might
               have
               shun'd
               it
               by
               the
               benefit
               of
               the
               Memmian
               Law
               ,
               which
               forbids
               the
               Names
               of
               them
               to
               be
               taken
               who
               are
               absent
               upon
               the
               Affairs
               of
               the
               Publick
               ,
               yet
               he
               return'd
               to
               the
               City
               ;
               by
               which
               advice
               of
               a
               good
               Confidence
               ,
               he
               not
               onely
               obtained
               a
               quick
               absolution
               ,
               but
               a
               honester
               departure
               .
            
             
               10.
               
               These
               that
               follow
               ,
               are
               also
               splended
               Examples
               
               of
               noble
               Confidence
               .
               For
               in
               that
               War
               which
               was
               undertaken
               against
               Pyrrhus
               ,
               when
               the
               Carthaginians
               had
               sent
               a
               Navy
               of
               an
               Hundred
               and
               Thirty
               Ships
               to
               Ostia
               ,
               to
               the
               assistance
               of
               the
               Romans
               ,
               the
               Senate
               were
               pleased
               to
               send
               Messengers
               with
               Instructions
               to
               tell
               their
               Captain
               ,
               that
               they
               did
               not
               use
               to
               enter
               into
               Wars
               which
               they
               were
               not
               able
               to
               carry
               on
               without
               the
               help
               of
               Strangers
               ;
               and
               that
               therefore
               he
               might
               return
               with
               his
               Navy
               to
               Carthage
               .
               The
               same
               Senate
               some
               few
               years
               after
               ,
               when
               the
               Roman
               power
               was
               almost
               broken
               by
               the
               Overthrow
               at
               Cannae
               ,
               sent
               a
               Recruit
               of
               Forces
               to
               the
               Army
               in
               Spain
               ;
               whereby
               they
               shew'd
               ,
               that
               although
               Hannibal
               was
               with
               his
               Army
               at
               the
               Capene
               Gate
               ,
               how
               little
               they
               valued
               his
               approach
               .
               Thus
               to
               carry
               themselves
               in
               Adversity
               ,
               what
               was
               it
               else
               ,
               but
               to
               compel
               Fortune
               ,
               overcome
               with
               shame
               ,
               to
               return
               to
               their
               side
               ?
            
             
               11.
               
               It
               is
               a
               great
               leap
               to
               descend
               from
               the
               Senate
               to
               the
               Poet
               Accius
               .
               But
               that
               we
               may
               pass
               from
               him
               more
               decently
               to
               forreign
               Examples
               ,
               let
               us
               produce
               him
               .
               He
               ,
               when
               
                 Iulius
                 Caesar
              
               a
               great
               and
               powerful
               man
               came
               into
               the
               Colledge
               of
               Poets
               ,
               would
               not
               so
               much
               as
               rise
               :
               not
               that
               he
               was
               forgetful
               of
               his
               Grandeur
               ,
               but
               that
               he
               believed
               himself
               superiour
               in
               comparison
               of
               their
               Studies
               .
               And
               therefore
               not
               guilty
               of
               the
               Crime
               of
               Insolence
               ,
               seeing
               the
               contest
               was
               about
               Volumes
               ,
               not
               Statues
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Nor
                 was
                 Euripides
                 to
                 be
                 accompted
                 insolent
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 People
                 requir'd
                 him
                 to
                 strike
                 out
                 such
                 a
                 Sentence
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 certain
                 Tragedy
                 ,
                 appearing
                 upon
                 the
                 Stage
                 ,
                 told
                 um
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   he
                   composed
                   Fables
                   to
                   teach
                   them
                   ,
                   not
                   by
                   them
                   to
                   be
                   taught
                   .
                
                 That
                 Confidence
                 is
                 certainly
                 to
                 be
                 praised
                 ,
                 which
                 weighing
                 the
                 
                 esteem
                 of
                 a
                 mans
                 self
                 ,
                 arrogates
                 so
                 much
                 to
                 its
                 self
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 keep
                 contempt
                 and
                 insolency
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 therefore
                 his
                 answer
                 to
                 Alcestides
                 The
                 Tragick
                 Poet
                 ;
                 who
                 complaining
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 make
                 above
                 three
                 Verses
                 the
                 last
                 three
                 days
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 labour
                 too
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 other
                 boasted
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 write
                 an
                 Hundred
                 ;
                 
                   The
                   reason
                   is
                
                 ,
                 said
                 
                   Euripides
                   ,
                   because
                   thine
                   are
                   only
                   to
                   last
                   three
                   days
                   ,
                   and
                   mine
                   are
                   to
                   last
                   to
                   eternity
                   .
                
                 For
                 the
                 fluent
                 writing
                 of
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 perish'd
                 within
                 the
                 first
                 bounds
                 of
                 Memory
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 elaborate
                 and
                 constant
                 Stile
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 will
                 be
                 carried
                 through
                 all
                 Ages
                 upon
                 the
                 wings
                 of
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 I
                 will
                 adde
                 an
                 Example
                 upon
                 the
                 same
                 Stage
                 .
                 Antigenidas
                 the
                 Musician
                 ,
                 cried
                 out
                 to
                 a
                 Scholar
                 of
                 his
                 rare
                 in
                 his
                 Art
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 approved
                 by
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 
                   Sing
                   to
                   me
                   and
                   the
                   Muses
                   .
                
                 For
                 perfect
                 Art
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 want
                 the
                 flattery
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 doth
                 not
                 therefore
                 want
                 a
                 just
                 confidence
                 in
                 its
                 self
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 But
                 Zeuxis
                 having
                 painted
                 Helen
                 ,
                 thought
                 it
                 not
                 fit
                 to
                 expect
                 what
                 men
                 would
                 say
                 of
                 his
                 Work
                 ,
                 but
                 presently
                 added
                 these
                 Verses
                 out
                 of
                 
                   Homer
                   ,
                   Iliad
                
                 .
                 3.
                 
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   I
                   cannot
                   blame
                   the
                   man
                   that
                   for
                   her
                   strives
                   ,
                
                 
                   Like
                   an
                   Immortal
                   God
                   she
                   is
                   —
                
              
               
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 Painter
                 did
                 not
                 arrogate
                 so
                 much
                 to
                 his
                 Art
                 ,
                 to
                 think
                 he
                 had
                 drawn
                 so
                 much
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 as
                 Leda
                 might
                 assume
                 through
                 her
                 Celestial
                 Birth
                 ,
                 or
                 Homer
                 express
                 by
                 his
                 divine
                 Wit.
                 
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Phidias
                 also
                 alluded
                 to
                 the
                 Verses
                 of
                 Homer
                 in
                 a
                 
                 notable
                 Saying
                 .
                 For
                 having
                 finish'd
                 the
                 Statue
                 of
                 
                   Iupiter
                   Olympic
                
                 ,
                 than
                 which
                 never
                 humane
                 hand
                 did
                 make
                 a
                 more
                 famous
                 Piece
                 ,
                 being
                 ask'd
                 by
                 his
                 Friend
                 ,
                 whither
                 he
                 directed
                 his
                 mind
                 when
                 he
                 form'd
                 the
                 Face
                 of
                 Iupiter
                 of
                 Ivory
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 seem'd
                 to
                 fetch
                 it
                 from
                 Heaven
                 ;
                 reply'd
                 that
                 he
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 these
                 following
                 Verses
                 ;
                 Iliad
                 .
                 1.
                 
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   —
                   With
                   his
                   black
                   brows
                   he
                   to
                   her
                   nodded
                   ,
                
                 
                   Wherewith
                   displayed
                   were
                   his
                   Locks
                   Divine
                   ,
                
                 
                   Olymyus
                   shook
                   at
                   stirring
                   of
                   his
                   Godhead
                   .
                
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 But
                 now
                 the
                 most
                 renowned
                 Captains
                 suffer
                 me
                 no
                 longer
                 to
                 insist
                 upon
                 mean
                 Examples
                 .
                 For
                 Epaminondas
                 ,
                 when
                 his
                 Citizens
                 in
                 anger
                 commanded
                 him
                 in
                 contempt
                 to
                 take
                 care
                 of
                 paving
                 the
                 Streets
                 in
                 the
                 Town
                 (
                 which
                 was
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 lowest
                 Offices
                 among
                 them
                 )
                 without
                 any
                 hesitation
                 took
                 it
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 promising
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 City
                 most
                 beautiful
                 .
                 By
                 his
                 wonderful
                 Industry
                 making
                 the
                 most
                 vile
                 Office
                 to
                 be
                 coveted
                 for
                 a
                 great
                 honour
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 But
                 Hannibal
                 remaining
                 i●
                 Exile
                 with
                 King
                 Prusias
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 the
                 occasion
                 of
                 his
                 giving
                 Battle
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 other
                 told
                 him
                 that
                 the
                 Entrails
                 portended
                 no
                 good
                 Success
                 ,
                 made
                 this
                 reply
                 ;
                 
                   Hadst
                   thou
                   rather
                
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   believe
                   a
                   little
                   Calves
                   flesh
                   ,
                   than
                   an
                   old
                   General
                   ?
                
                 A
                 brief
                 and
                 concise
                 Answer
                 ,
                 considering
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Words
                 ;
                 considering
                 the
                 sence
                 ,
                 a
                 copious
                 reply
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 great
                 authority
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 that
                 had
                 wrung
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 both
                 Spains
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 reduc'd
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 Gallia
                 and
                 Liguria
                 under
                 his
                 subjection
                 ,
                 had
                 open'd
                 a
                 new
                 Passage
                 through
                 the
                 Alps
                 ,
                 laying
                 at
                 the
                 Kings
                 feet
                 the
                 dire
                 memory
                 of
                 the
                 Thrasymene
                 
                 Lake
                 ,
                 the
                 famous
                 monument
                 of
                 the
                 Punic
                 Victory
                 at
                 
                   Cannae
                   ,
                   Capua
                
                 taken
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 Italy
                 rent
                 and
                 torn
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 endure
                 that
                 his
                 glory
                 ,
                 witnessed
                 by
                 long
                 experiment
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 put
                 in
                 competition
                 with
                 the
                 Liver
                 of
                 one
                 Sacrifice
                 .
                 And
                 certainly
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 what
                 concern'd
                 the
                 exploring
                 of
                 Military
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 and
                 making
                 conjectures
                 of
                 Warlike
                 Conducts
                 ,
                 the
                 breast
                 of
                 Hannibal
                 was
                 far
                 above
                 all
                 the
                 little
                 fires
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Altars
                 of
                 Bithynia
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 judgment
                 of
                 Mars
                 ,
                 himself
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 That
                 saying
                 also
                 of
                 King
                 Cotys
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 mark
                 of
                 a
                 most
                 generous
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 who
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 understood
                 that
                 the
                 Athenians
                 had
                 given
                 him
                 a
                 City
                 ,
                 made
                 answer
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 give
                 them
                 the
                 Law
                 of
                 his
                 Nation
                 .
                 Thereby
                 equalling
                 Thrace
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 lest
                 by
                 accounting
                 himself
                 unable
                 to
                 require
                 such
                 a
                 benefit
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 have
                 been
                 esteem'd
                 to
                 have
                 thought
                 too
                 meanly
                 of
                 his
                 Original
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Nobly
                 was
                 it
                 said
                 also
                 of
                 both
                 the
                 Spartans
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 whom
                 being
                 reproved
                 that
                 he
                 went
                 to
                 battle
                 being
                 lame
                 ,
                 reply'd
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   it
                   was
                   his
                   intention
                   to
                   fight
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   to
                   run
                   .
                
                 The
                 other
                 being
                 told
                 that
                 the
                 Sun
                 us'd
                 to
                 be
                 obscur'd
                 with
                 the
                 Darts
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Persians
                   ;
                   A
                   very
                   good
                   story
                   ,
                
                 quoth
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   for
                   we
                   shall
                   fight
                   the
                   better
                   in
                   the
                   shade
                   .
                
                 Another
                 Person
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 sam●
                 City
                 and
                 Courage
                 ,
                 made
                 answer
                 to
                 his
                 Host
                 ,
                 shewing
                 him
                 the
                 high
                 and
                 broad
                 Walls
                 of
                 his
                 City
                 ;
                 
                   If
                   ye
                   made
                   um
                   for
                   your
                   Women
                   ,
                
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   ye
                   did
                   well
                   ;
                   if
                   for
                   your
                   Men
                   ,
                   't
                   was
                   ignominiously
                   done
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VIII
               .
               Of
               Constancy
               .
            
             
               
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Q.
                 Fulvius
                 Flaccus
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Q.
                 Fabius
                 Maximus
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Q.
                 Calpurnius
                 Piso.
                 
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Metellus
                 Numidia
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Seaevola
                 
                   the
                   Elder
                
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Sempronia
                 
                   Sister
                   of
                   the
                
                 Gracchi
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Pontius
                 
                   the
                   Centurion
                
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Mevius
                 
                   the
                   Centurian
                
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Blassius
                 the
                 Salapian
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Phocion
                 the
                 Athenian
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Socrates
                 the
                 Athenian
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Ephialtes
                 the
                 Athenian
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Dion
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Alexander
                 
                   the
                   Great
                
                 .
              
            
             
               THere
               remains
               the
               labour
               of
               Constancy
               ,
               as
               it
               were
               due
               to
               him
               that
               has
               demonstrated
               an
               open
               and
               couragious
               breast
               endued
               with
               good
               Confidence
               :
               For
               Nature
               has
               provided
               that
               whoever
               believes
               himself
               to
               have
               comprehended
               any
               thing
               orderly
               and
               rightly
               in
               his
               minde
               ,
               should
               stifly
               defend
               it
               ,
               and
               put
               it
               into
               act
               against
               opposition
               ;
               or
               if
               not
               done
               ,
               should
               bring
               it
               to
               effect
               without
               delay
               maugre
               all
               resistance
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               But
               while
               I
               seek
               for
               an
               Example
               of
               what
               I
               propound
               ,
               looking
               about
               me
               at
               a
               distance
               ,
               before
               all
               the
               rest
               ,
               the
               Constancy
               of
               
                 Fulvius
                 Flaccus
              
               offers
               it self
               .
               He
               at
               that
               time
               held
               Capua
               ,
               which
               through
               the
               fallacious
               promises
               of
               Hannibal
               ,
               had
               resolv'd
               by
               their
               vile
               Revolt
               to
               put
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               Italy
               into
               the
               Conquerours
               hands
               .
               Having
               therefore
               made
               a
               true
               value
               of
               the
               Enemies
               Crime
               ,
               he
               purposed
               with
               himself
               wholly
               to
               extirpate
               the
               Senate
               of
               Capua
               ,
               who
               were
               the
               Authors
               of
               that
               wicked
               Decree
               .
               To
               this
               intent
               he
               sent
               them
               all
               to
               Theana
               ,
               and
               Calena
               ,
               laden
               with
               Chains
               ,
               
               into
               two
               several
               Prisons
               ,
               resolving
               to
               execute
               his
               purpose
               ,
               when
               he
               had
               done
               some
               other
               things
               which
               required
               a
               more
               necessary
               speed
               .
               In
               the
               mean
               time
               a
               Rumour
               being
               spread
               of
               more
               favourable
               Proceedings
               being
               intended
               toward
               them
               ,
               left
               they
               should
               escape
               their
               deserved
               punishment
               ,
               he
               took
               horse
               in
               the
               night-time
               ,
               posts
               to
               Theana
               ,
               where
               he
               put
               to
               death
               all
               that
               were
               in
               custody
               there
               ;
               thence
               hasting
               to
               Calena
               ,
               he
               finish'd
               the
               work
               of
               his
               severe
               Resolution
               :
               For
               though
               while
               yet
               the
               Campanians
               were
               bound
               to
               the
               stake
               ,
               he
               had
               received
               Letters
               in
               favour
               of
               them
               ,
               he
               notwithstanding
               kept
               the
               Letters
               as
               he
               re●eived
               them
               in
               his
               left
               hand
               ,
               commanding
               the
               Lictor
               to
               do
               his
               duty
               ;
               nor
               would
               he
               open
               them
               ,
               till
               he
               knew
               it
               was
               too
               late
               to
               obey
               them
               .
               By
               which
               Constancy
               of
               his
               he
               surmounted
               the
               glory
               of
               a
               Victory
               :
               For
               if
               we
               make
               his
               Estimate
               by
               dividing
               the
               praise
               between
               himself
               ,
               we
               shall
               finde
               him
               greater
               in
               Capua
               punish'd
               ,
               than
               in
               Capua
               taken
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               This
               was
               a
               Constancy
               is
               Severity
               ;
               that
               which
               follows
               ,
               a
               most
               admirable
               Constancy
               in
               piety
               ,
               which
               
                 Fabius
                 Maximus
              
               render'd
               indefatigable
               for
               the
               good
               of
               his
               Country
               .
               He
               told
               out
               the
               Money
               to
               Hannibal
               for
               the
               Captives
               ;
               being
               publickly
               defrauded
               of
               it
               ,
               he
               said
               nothing
               .
               The
               Senate
               had
               made
               Minutius
               Master
               of
               the
               Horse
               ,
               equal
               to
               him
               in
               Authory
               ,
               he
               held
               his
               tongue
               .
               And
               although
               provoked
               with
               many
               other
               injuries
               ,
               he
               persisted
               in
               the
               same
               habit
               of
               minde
               ;
               nor
               would
               ever
               give
               his
               passion
               liberty
               to
               be
               angry
               with
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               so
               stedfast
               was
               the
               love
               he
               bare
               to
               his
               Citizens
               .
               In
               his
               managing
               the
               War
               ,
               was
               not
               his
               Constancy
               the
               same
               ?
               The
               Roman
               Empire
               broken
               at
               the
               overthrow
               at
               Cannae
               ,
               seem'd
               scarce
               able
               to
               provide
               another
               Army
               ;
               and
               therefore
               believing
               it
               to
               be
               better
               to
               delay
               and
               weary
               the
               force
               of
               the
               Carthaginians
               ,
               than
               to
               come
               to
               Handy-blows
               with
               all
               his
               power
               ,
               
               though
               provoked
               with
               the
               frequent
               taunts
               of
               Hannibal
               ,
               though
               he
               had
               many
               times
               a
               fair
               opportunity
               of
               well
               succeeding
               offer'd
               ,
               yet
               he
               would
               never
               recede
               from
               his
               own
               wholesome
               deliberations
               ,
               not
               so
               much
               as
               to
               the
               hazard
               of
               a
               Skirmish
               ;
               and
               which
               is
               most
               difficult
               ,
               he
               every
               where
               appear'd
               to
               be
               Superiour
               both
               to
               Anger
               and
               Hope
               .
               And
               therefore
               as
               Scipio
               by
               fighting
               ,
               so
               he
               by
               not
               fighting
               reliev'd
               his
               Country
               :
               For
               the
               one
               ruin'd
               Carthage
               by
               his
               Celerity
               ,
               the
               other
               by
               his
               delay
               took
               care
               that
               Rome
               should
               not
               be
               destroyed
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               By
               the
               following
               Narration
               it
               will
               also
               appear
               ,
               that
               
                 Gaius
                 Piso
              
               being
               Consul
               at
               a
               time
               of
               much
               turbulency
               and
               combustion
               in
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               did
               behave
               himself
               with
               a
               wonderful
               Constancy
               .
               The
               fury
               of
               the
               people
               being
               highly
               moved
               by
               the
               delusions
               of
               
                 M.
                 Palicanus
              
               ,
               a
               seditious
               person
               ,
               endeavour'd
               to
               commit
               a
               most
               foul
               ,
               act
               at
               the
               great
               Assembly
               for
               choosing
               Consuls
               ,
               intending
               to
               have
               given
               into
               his
               hands
               a
               most
               large
               Power
               ,
               whose
               vile
               actions
               requir'd
               rather
               the
               utmost
               severity
               of
               punishment
               ,
               than
               any
               the
               least
               mark
               of
               Honour
               .
               Nor
               was
               the
               furious
               flame
               of
               the
               Tribunes
               Authority
               wanting
               to
               incense
               the
               amazed
               Multitude
               .
               In
               this
               miserable
               and
               shameful
               condition
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               Piso
               being
               plac'd
               before
               the
               Pulpit
               for
               Orations
               ,
               though
               not
               by
               the
               hands
               of
               the
               Tribunes
               ,
               and
               all
               flocking
               about
               him
               ;
               and
               demanding
               of
               him
               whether
               he
               would
               declare
               Palicanus
               Consul
               ,
               now
               chosen
               by
               the
               Suffrages
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               answered
               ;
               First
               ,
               that
               he
               did
               not
               believe
               the
               Commonwealth
               had
               been
               overwhelm'd
               with
               so
               much
               darkness
               ,
               as
               to
               act
               a
               thing
               so
               unworthy
               .
               And
               when
               the
               People
               still
               press'd
               him
               to
               declare
               the
               Election
               ,
               crying
               out
               
                 If
                 it
                 were
                 unworthily
                 done
                 ,
                 let
                 it
                 be
                 so
                 ,
              
               he
               replied
               ,
               
                 I
                 will
                 make
                 no
                 declaration
              
               .
               With
               which
               short
               Answer
               he
               bare
               away
               the
               Consulship
               from
               Palicanus
               ,
               before
               he
               had
               obtain'd
               
               it
               .
               Thus
               Piso
               contemn'd
               many
               terrible
               hazards
               ,
               disdainining
               to
               renounce
               the
               well-grounded
               rigour
               of
               his
               mind
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               Met●llus
               sirnam'd
               Numidian
               ,
               for
               a
               perseverance
               of
               the
               same
               nature
               ,
               endured
               a
               storm
               much
               unworthy
               his
               Majesty
               and
               generous
               Manners
               .
               For
               when
               he
               perceived
               what
               Saturninus
               in
               his
               designes
               of
               mischief
               aim'd
               at
               ,
               and
               what
               ruin
               they
               would
               bring
               to
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               if
               not
               timely
               prevented
               ,
               he
               rather
               chose
               Banishment
               ,
               than
               to
               submit
               to
               his
               Laws
               .
               Could
               there
               be
               any
               person
               thought
               more
               constant
               than
               this
               man
               ?
               Who
               rather
               than
               he
               would
               act
               contrary
               to
               his
               judgment
               ,
               suffer'd
               the
               want
               o●
               his
               own
               Countrey
               ,
               where
               he
               had
               attain'd
               to
               the
               highest
               degrees
               to
               Dignity
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               However
               ,
               though
               I
               prefer
               no
               one
               before
               him
               ,
               yet
               may
               I
               not
               undeservedly
               compare
               with
               him
               Scaevola
               the
               Soothsayer
               .
               Sylla
               having
               now
               quite
               de●eated
               his
               Opposers
               ,
               and
               got
               the
               upper
               hand
               of
               his
               Enemies
               ,
               and
               got
               possession
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               armed
               as
               he
               was
               ,
               compell'd
               the
               Senate
               to
               accomplish
               his
               most
               eager
               desire
               ,
               that
               Marius
               might
               be
               by
               them
               declar'd
               an
               open
               Enemy
               .
               Whose
               Will
               when
               no
               one
               durst
               withstand
               ,
               Scae●ola
               alone
               being
               requir'd
               ,
               refus'd
               to
               give
               his
               opinion
               in
               the
               Case
               .
               And
               when
               Sylla
               began
               with
               a
               frowning
               look
               to
               threaten
               him
               ;
               Though
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 thou
                 shouldst
                 shew
                 me
                 the
                 bands
                 of
                 Souldiers
                 with
                 which
                 thou
                 hast
                 surrounded
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 though
                 thou
                 threaten
                 death
                 never
                 so
                 often
                 ,
                 thou
                 shalt
                 never
                 make
                 me
                 yield
                 ,
                 in
                 hopes
                 to
                 keep
                 warm
                 my
                 little
                 and
                 aged
                 blood
                 ,
                 to
                 declare
              
               Marius
               
                 an
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 by
                 whom
                 this
                 City
                 and
                 all
              
               Italy
               
                 has
                 been
                 preserv'd
              
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               What
               has
               a
               Woman
               to
               do
               with
               publick
               Orations
               ?
               If
               the
               Custome
               of
               our
               Countrey
               be
               observed
               ,
               Nothing
               .
               But
               where
               Domestick
               Peace
               and
               Quiet
               is
               toss'd
               upon
               the
               waves
               of
               Sedit●on
               ,
               the
               Authority
               of
               Antient
               Custome
               gives
               way
               .
               And
               that
               which
               Violence
               
               compels
               ,
               more
               avails
               ,
               than
               that
               which
               Modesty
               perswades
               and
               directs
               .
               And
               therefore
               ,
               O
               Semproni●
               ,
               Sister
               of
               Titus
               and
               
                 Caius
                 Graccbus
              
               ,
               Wife
               of
               
                 Scipio
                 Aemilianus
              
               ,
               I
               will
               not
               comprehend
               thee
               in
               a
               Narrative
               envious
               of
               thy
               worth
               ,
               as
               absurdly
               inserting
               thee
               among
               the
               most
               weighty
               Examples
               of
               Vertue
               :
               but
               be●●use
               that
               being
               brought
               to
               answer
               before
               the
               People
               ,
               by
               a
               Tribune
               of
               the
               Vulgar
               ,
               thou
               hast
               not
               degenerated
               from
               the
               greatness
               of
               thy
               Ancestors
               in
               s●
               vast
               a
               confusion
               ,
               I
               will
               eternize
               thy
               Memory
               .
               Tho●
               wert
               forced
               to
               stand
               in
               that
               place
               ,
               where
               the
               greatest
               Personages
               of
               the
               City
               were
               wont
               to
               be
               affronted
               .
               The
               highest
               in
               Authority
               powr'd
               out
               their
               Threats
               against
               thee
               with
               a
               severe
               and
               cruel
               Brow
               ,
               backt
               with
               the
               Cri●s
               of
               the
               rude
               Multitude
               .
               The
               whole
               Forum
               eagerly
               endeavour'd
               that
               thou
               shouldst
               acknowledge
               with
               a
               Kiss
               Equi●ius
               ,
               whom
               they
               unjustly
               labour
               to
               impose
               upon
               the
               Sempronian
               Stock
               ,
               as
               the
               Son
               of
               Tib●rius
               thy
               Brother
               :
               yet
               didst
               thou
               thrust
               him
               from
               thee
               ,
               a
               Monster
               brought
               out
               of
               I
               know
               not
               what
               pro●undity
               of
               darkness
               ,
               approaching
               with
               an
               execrable
               boldness
               ,
               to
               usurp
               a
               relation
               of
               Consanguinity
               ,
               where
               he
               had
               nothing
               of
               Alliance
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               The
               great
               Luminaries
               of
               our
               City
               will
               not
               take
               it
               amiss
               ,
               if
               in
               the
               number
               of
               their
               flaming
               Lights
               the
               virtue
               of
               the
               C●●turions
               also
               make
               bold
               to
               shew
               it self
               ▪
               For
               as
               humble
               Degree
               ought
               to
               reverence
               Greatness
               ,
               so
               antient
               Nobility
               ought
               rather
               to
               cherish
               than
               despise
               those
               who
               are
               but
               newly
               advanc'd
               ,
               by
               acts
               of
               Vertue
               .
               Wherefore
               then
               ought
               Pontius
               to
               be
               driven
               out
               of
               the
               Company
               of
               these
               Examples
               ,
               who
               being
               upon
               an
               Out-guard
               in
               
               Caesar's
               Army
               ,
               and
               surprized
               by
               a
               Party
               of
               
               Scipio's
               ,
               when
               there
               was
               but
               one
               way
               left
               for
               him
               to
               save
               himself
               ,
               if
               he
               would
               serve
               under
               Pompey
               his
               Son
               in-law
               ,
               fearless
               made
               this
               answer
               :
               Scipio
               ,
               
               
                 I
                 thank
                 thee
                 for
                 thy
                 kindness
                 ,
                 but
                 I
                 have
                 no
                 occasion
                 for
                 my
                 Life
                 upon
                 any
                 such
                 condition
                 .
              
            
             
               8.
               
               
                 C.
                 Mevius
              
               a
               Centurion
               of
               divine
               Augustus
               ,
               a
               person
               of
               mean
               Extraction
               ,
               yet
               of
               a
               heroic
               Minde
               ,
               and
               observing
               the
               same
               Constancy
               of
               Resolution
               ,
               having
               signaliz'd
               himself
               by
               many
               Personal
               acts
               of
               Valour
               in
               the
               War
               with
               
                 Mark
                 Antonie
              
               ;
               being
               at
               length
               taken
               by
               an
               Ambuscado
               of
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               and
               brought
               before
               Antonie
               to
               Alexandria
               ,
               and
               being
               demanded
               what
               punishmment
               he
               deserv'd
               :
               
                 Command
                 me
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 to
                 be
                 killed
                 ,
                 for
                 neither
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 Pardon
                 ,
                 nor
                 present
                 Death
                 shall
                 compel
                 me
                 to
                 cease
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Souldier
                 of
              
               Caesars
               ,
               
                 nor
                 now
                 to
                 begin
                 to
                 take
                 thy
                 part
                 .
              
               But
               the
               more
               constantly
               he
               contemn'd
               his
               Life
               ,
               the
               more
               easily
               he
               obtain'd
               it
               .
               For
               Antonie
               immediately
               set
               him
               at
               Liberty
               for
               his
               Vertue
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Many
                 other
                 Roman
                 Examples
                 remain
                 of
                 this
                 nature
                 ;
                 but
                 I
                 must
                 avoid
                 tediousness
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 suffer
                 my
                 Pen
                 to
                 slip
                 to
                 Forraign
                 presidents
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 first
                 front
                 whereof
                 let
                 Blassius
                 appear
                 ,
                 than
                 whose
                 Constancy
                 there
                 was
                 nothing
                 more
                 stedfast
                 .
                 He
                 designing
                 to
                 restore
                 Salapia
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 was
                 born
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Roman
                 Empire
                 ,
                 being
                 then
                 garrison'd
                 by
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ;
                 to
                 this
                 purpose
                 ,
                 with
                 more
                 desire
                 to
                 compass
                 his
                 Plot
                 ,
                 than
                 hope
                 of
                 obtaining
                 his
                 end
                 ,
                 he
                 boldly
                 adventures
                 to
                 draw
                 in
                 Dafius
                 ,
                 one
                 that
                 most
                 fiercely
                 disagreed
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 administration
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 being
                 wholly
                 devoted
                 to
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 but
                 one
                 without
                 whose
                 assistance
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 bring
                 his
                 designe
                 about
                 .
                 This
                 man
                 presently
                 reports
                 to
                 Hannibal
                 all
                 that
                 had
                 pass'd
                 between
                 him
                 and
                 Blassius
                 ,
                 adding
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 what
                 he
                 thought
                 would
                 increase
                 his
                 own
                 commendation
                 ,
                 and
                 render
                 his
                 enemy
                 more
                 odious
                 .
                 Hannibal
                 
                 calls
                 them
                 both
                 before
                 him
                 ;
                 the
                 one
                 to
                 justifie
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 to
                 defend
                 what
                 he
                 stood
                 accused
                 of
                 .
                 Now
                 it
                 falling
                 out
                 of
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 matter
                 was
                 brought
                 before
                 the
                 Tribunal
                 ,
                 while
                 other
                 matters
                 of
                 more
                 moment
                 were
                 in
                 dispatch
                 ,
                 Blassius
                 with
                 a
                 fair
                 face
                 and
                 low
                 voice
                 earnestly
                 admonish'd
                 Dasius
                 ,
                 to
                 favour
                 and
                 assist
                 the
                 Romans
                 :
                 whereupon
                 Dasius
                 crying
                 out
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 impudently
                 sollicited
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 presence
                 of
                 the
                 Captain
                 by
                 the
                 Prisoner
                 ;
                 which
                 because
                 it
                 seem'd
                 incredible
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 heard
                 only
                 by
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 spoken
                 by
                 an
                 enemy
                 ,
                 the
                 truth
                 was
                 not
                 believ'd
                 .
                 But
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 the
                 wonderful
                 Constancy
                 of
                 Blassius
                 drew
                 Dasius
                 to
                 his
                 par●y
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 he
                 delivered
                 up
                 Salapia
                 to
                 Marcelus
                 ,
                 with
                 Five
                 Hundred
                 Numidians
                 that
                 were
                 there
                 in
                 Garrison
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Phocion
                 the
                 Athenian
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Athenians
                 had
                 had
                 prosperous
                 success
                 in
                 the
                 management
                 of
                 an
                 affair
                 contrary
                 to
                 his
                 advice
                 ,
                 yet
                 so
                 obstinately
                 defended
                 his
                 own
                 opinion
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 told
                 them
                 in
                 his
                 Speech
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 he
                 rejoyced
                 in
                 their
                 Success
                 ,
                 yet
                 his
                 Councel
                 was
                 much
                 the
                 better
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 followed
                 it
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 condemn
                 what
                 he
                 saw
                 well
                 done
                 ,
                 seeing
                 it
                 had
                 succeeded
                 ,
                 what
                 they
                 undertook
                 by
                 ill
                 advice
                 ;
                 accompting
                 the
                 one
                 fortunate
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 wisely
                 advis'd
                 .
                 Fortune
                 makes
                 rashness
                 to
                 be
                 approv'd
                 when
                 it
                 prospers
                 by
                 bad
                 couns●l
                 ,
                 which
                 as
                 it
                 causes
                 more
                 vehement
                 mischief
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 good
                 it
                 brings
                 is
                 the
                 more
                 unexp●cted
                 .
                 The
                 manners
                 of
                 Phocion
                 ,
                 pleasing
                 ,
                 liberal
                 and
                 endued
                 with
                 all
                 sweetness
                 ,
                 were
                 the
                 cause
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 by
                 the
                 consent
                 of
                 all
                 men
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 the
                 Sirname
                 of
                 Good.
                 And
                 therefore
                 Constancy
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 nature
                 seems
                 more
                 rigid
                 ,
                 flow'd
                 more
                 gently
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 mild
                 Breast
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 But
                 the
                 mind
                 of
                 Socrates
                 ,
                 clad
                 with
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 Vi●ility
                 ,
                 produced
                 a
                 more
                 rugged
                 Example
                 of
                 firm
                 Resolution
                 .
                 The
                 whole
                 City
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 being
                 carried
                 
                 away
                 with
                 a
                 most
                 wicked
                 and
                 barbarous
                 errour
                 ,
                 had
                 pronounced
                 a
                 most
                 sad
                 sentence
                 against
                 the
                 ten
                 Praetors
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 overthrown
                 the
                 Navy
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 at
                 Aeginusae
                 .
                 It
                 hapned
                 that
                 Socrates
                 was
                 then
                 in
                 so
                 great
                 Authority
                 ,
                 as
                 at
                 whose
                 discretion
                 the
                 People
                 made
                 their
                 publick
                 Edicts
                 ;
                 who
                 thinking
                 it
                 an
                 unworthy
                 thing
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 many
                 and
                 so
                 well
                 deserving
                 persons
                 should
                 unworthily
                 be
                 taken
                 off
                 by
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 Envy
                 ,
                 oppos'd
                 his
                 own
                 Constancy
                 to
                 the
                 Rashness
                 of
                 the
                 Multitude
                 :
                 Nor
                 could
                 he
                 be
                 compell'd
                 by
                 the
                 Clamours
                 and
                 violent
                 Threats
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 his
                 consent
                 to
                 their
                 publick
                 madness
                 .
                 Which
                 being
                 thus
                 by
                 his
                 opposition
                 hindred
                 from
                 raging
                 in
                 a
                 lawful
                 manner
                 ,
                 resolved
                 unjustly
                 to
                 embrue
                 their
                 hands
                 in
                 the
                 innocent
                 blood
                 of
                 the
                 Praetors
                 .
                 Yet
                 was
                 not
                 Socrates
                 afraid
                 of
                 the
                 Eleventh
                 Fury
                 of
                 his
                 enraged
                 Country
                 ,
                 like
                 enough
                 then
                 to
                 have
                 taken
                 his
                 Life
                 also
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 The
                 next
                 Ex●mple
                 ,
                 though
                 not
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 splendour
                 ,
                 yet
                 is
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 accompted
                 as
                 a
                 certain
                 experiment
                 of
                 Constancy
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 in
                 regard
                 of
                 the
                 Efficacy
                 as
                 the
                 Fidelity
                 of
                 the
                 person
                 .
                 Ephialtes
                 at
                 Athens
                 was
                 commanded
                 to
                 accuse
                 several
                 persons
                 ,
                 and
                 among
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 set
                 down
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 Demostratus
                 ,
                 whose
                 Son
                 was
                 Democrates
                 ,
                 a
                 Youth
                 of
                 excelling
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 him
                 ardently
                 belov'd
                 .
                 The
                 Accuser
                 therefore
                 ,
                 cruel
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 Office
                 ,
                 but
                 considering
                 his
                 private
                 affection
                 miserable
                 and
                 guilty
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Boy
                 came
                 to
                 entreat
                 for
                 mitigation
                 of
                 his
                 Fathers
                 punishment
                 ,
                 prostrating
                 himsel●
                 at
                 h●●
                 Lovers
                 feet
                 ,
                 Ephialtes
                 could
                 not
                 endure
                 to
                 behold
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 which
                 his
                 head
                 cover'd
                 ,
                 weeping
                 and
                 lamenting
                 ,
                 suffer'd
                 him
                 to
                 pour
                 forth
                 his
                 Prayers
                 in
                 vain
                 .
                 Yet
                 nevertheless
                 he
                 condemn'd
                 Demostratus
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 with
                 a
                 sincere
                 fidelity
                 accused
                 ;
                 having
                 got
                 the
                 Victory
                 ,
                 I
                 cannot
                 say
                 whether
                 with
                 greater
                 praise
                 or
                 torment
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 before
                 he
                 inflicted
                 punishment
                 upon
                 the
                 Guilty
                 ,
                 he
                 vanquish'd
                 himself
                 .
              
               
               
                 5.
                 
                 Him
                 Dion
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 exceeds
                 ,
                 though
                 by
                 an
                 example
                 of
                 a
                 various
                 nature
                 .
                 Who
                 being
                 advis'd
                 by
                 certain
                 persons
                 to
                 be
                 more
                 wary
                 of
                 Heraclides
                 and
                 Calippus
                 ,
                 in
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 plac'd
                 a
                 great
                 confidence
                 ,
                 as
                 now
                 plotting
                 designes
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 made
                 answer
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 rather
                 loose
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 than
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 a
                 violent
                 Death
                 ,
                 make
                 no
                 distinction
                 between
                 his
                 Friends
                 and
                 his
                 Enemies
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 The
                 which
                 follows
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 admirable
                 for
                 the
                 thing
                 it self
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 illustrious
                 ,
                 when
                 we
                 consider
                 the
                 Author
                 .
                 Alexander
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 having
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 Battle
                 broken
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 Darius
                 ,
                 being
                 almost
                 scalded
                 with
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Weather
                 and
                 his
                 Travail
                 ,
                 threw
                 himself
                 into
                 Cydnus
                 ,
                 a
                 River
                 running
                 by
                 Tarsus
                 ,
                 eminent
                 for
                 the
                 excellency
                 of
                 the
                 water
                 .
                 Upon
                 a
                 suddain
                 ,
                 with
                 drinking
                 over-much
                 ,
                 his
                 Nerves
                 being
                 stupified
                 with
                 cold
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Arteries
                 benumm'd
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 carried
                 in
                 tha●
                 condition
                 to
                 a
                 Town
                 adjoining
                 to
                 the
                 Camp
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 consternation
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 .
                 While
                 he
                 lay
                 ill
                 at
                 Tarsus
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 extremity
                 of
                 his
                 Sickness
                 ,
                 the
                 hopes
                 of
                 present
                 Victory
                 boyl'd
                 in
                 his
                 Breast
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 calling
                 his
                 Physicians
                 ,
                 he
                 sought
                 for
                 all
                 Remedies
                 to
                 restore
                 his
                 health
                 ;
                 who
                 all
                 pitching
                 upon
                 one
                 Potion
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 and
                 given
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 Philip
                 his
                 Friend
                 and
                 Companion
                 ,
                 he
                 received
                 Letters
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 from
                 Parmenio
                 ,
                 advising
                 him
                 to
                 beware
                 of
                 the
                 treachery
                 of
                 Philip
                 ,
                 whom
                 Darius
                 had
                 certainly
                 corrupted
                 .
                 Nevertheless
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 read
                 the
                 Letters
                 he
                 drank
                 off
                 the
                 Potion
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 gave
                 the
                 Letters
                 to
                 Philip
                 to
                 read
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 constant
                 opinion
                 of
                 the
                 Reality
                 of
                 his
                 Friend
                 ,
                 he
                 received
                 a
                 most
                 worthy
                 Reward
                 from
                 the
                 Immortal
                 Gods
                 ,
                 who
                 would
                 not
                 permit
                 the
                 Remedy
                 of
                 his
                 Health
                 to
                 be
                 disappointed
                 by
                 any
                 surmised
                 Suspition
                 of
                 Treachery
                 in
                 the
                 delivery
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             LIB
             .
             IV.
             
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               1.
               
               Of
               Moderation
               .
            
             
               
                 Among
                 the
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 P.
                 Valerius
                 Poblicola
                 Coss.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Furius
                 Camillus
                 Exile
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Marcius
                 Rutilius
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 L.
                 Quinctius
                 Cincinnatus
                 Cos.
                 
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Q.
                 Fabius
                 Maximus
                 Rullianus
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Elder
                
                 Africanus
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Claudius
                 Marcellus
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Sempronius
                 Gracchus
                 Cos.
                 
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 Claudius
                 Nero
                 Consul
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 P.
                 Scipio
                 Aemilianus
                 Cos.
                 
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 Q.
                 Mucius
                 Scaevola
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 Metellus
                 Macedonian
                 .
              
               
                 13.
                 
                 Metellus
                 Numidian
                 .
              
               
                 14.
                 
                 Cato
                 of
                 Utica
                 .
              
               
                 15.
                 
                 Calpurnius
                 Bibulus
                 Proc.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Architas
                 Tarentine
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Plato
                 Athenian
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Dion
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Thrasybulus
                 the
                 Athenian
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Stasippus
                 of
                 Tagea
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Pittacus
                 Mitylene
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 
                   Seven
                   wise
                   men
                
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Theopompus
                 
                   King
                   of
                
                 Lacedaemon
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 Antiochus
                 
                   King
                   of
                
                 Syria
                 .
              
            
             
               I
               Shall
               pass
               to
               the
               most
               wholesome
               part
               of
               Instruction
               ,
               Moderation
               of
               Mind
               ,
               which
               will
               not
               suffer
               our
               Minds
               to
               be
               diverted
               from
               the
               right
               way
               by
               the
               Assa●lts
               of
               Rashness
               .
               Whence
               it
               falls
               out
               to
               be
               not
               only
               without
               reprehension
               ,
               but
               most
               wealthy
               in
               the
               treasures
               
               of
               praise
               ;
               and
               therefore
               let
               us
               shew
               the
               effects
               thereof
               in
               men
               of
               Fame
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               And
               that
               I
               may
               begin
               from
               the
               Cradle
               of
               Honour
               ,
               
                 P.
                 Valerius
              
               ,
               who
               for
               the
               honour
               he
               bore
               the
               Majesty
               of
               the
               people
               ,
               was
               called
               Poblicola
               ▪
               who
               after
               Kingship
               was
               driven
               out
               of
               Rome
               ,
               seeing
               the
               whole
               stress
               of
               their
               power
               ,
               the
               Ensignes
               of
               their
               Authority
               translated
               to
               himself
               under
               the
               Title
               of
               Consul
               ,
               he
               reduced
               the
               envious
               height
               of
               Magistracy
               to
               a
               Habit
               easily
               to
               be
               endured
               .
               He
               made
               the
               Fasces
               give
               way
               to
               the
               Axes
               ,
               in
               all
               publick
               Assemblies
               laying
               them
               down
               at
               the
               feet
               of
               the
               people
               :
               he
               brought
               the
               number
               of
               the
               Fasces
               to
               be
               less
               by
               one
               half
               ,
               and
               of
               his
               own
               accord
               took
               Lucretius
               to
               be
               his
               Colleague
               in
               Authority
               ;
               before
               whom
               ,
               because
               he
               was
               the
               Elder
               ,
               he
               caused
               the
               Fasces
               to
               be
               carried
               first
               .
               He
               also
               enacted
               a
               Law
               in
               the
               Assemblies
               of
               the
               Hundreds
               ,
               That
               no
               Magistrate
               should
               strike
               or
               kill
               a
               Roman
               Citizen
               ;
               so
               that
               the
               freer
               the
               Condition
               of
               the
               City
               was
               ,
               the
               more
               he
               by
               little
               and
               little
               extenuated
               his
               own
               Authority
               .
               He
               also
               pulled
               down
               his
               own
               house
               ,
               because
               that
               being
               seated
               in
               a
               higher
               part
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               it
               seemed
               to
               have
               the
               resemblance
               of
               a
               Castle
               .
               Thus
               lower
               in
               his
               house
               ,
               did
               he
               not
               appear
               higher
               in
               his
               glory
               ?
            
             
               2.
               
               I
               can
               no
               sooner
               forsake
               Poblicola
               ,
               but
               I
               am
               pleas'd
               in
               coming
               to
               
                 Furius
                 Camillus
              
               :
               Whose
               Translation
               and
               change
               from
               great
               Ignominies
               to
               highest
               Command
               ,
               was
               so
               moderate
               ,
               that
               when
               his
               Fellow-Citizens
               ,
               after
               that
               Rome
               was
               taken
               by
               the
               Gauls
               ,
               required
               his
               assistance
               ,
               being
               then
               an
               Exile
               in
               Ardea
               ,
               he
               had
               no
               sooner
               began
               his
               Journey
               to
               Veii
               ,
               there
               to
               take
               charge
               of
               the
               Army
               ,
               but
               that
               he
               understood
               all
               things
               were
               confirmed
               in
               most
               solemn
               manner
               in
               relation
               to
               his
               being
               made
               Dictator
               .
               Magnificent
               was
               the
               Veientine
               Triumph
               of
               Camillus
               ,
               famous
               was
               his
               Victory
               over
               the
               Gauls
               ,
               but
               much
               more
               admirable
               that
               his
               Pause
               :
               for
               it
               
               was
               a
               harder
               labour
               for
               him
               to
               overcome
               himself
               than
               the
               Enemy
               ;
               neither
               avoiding
               adversity
               with
               too
               much
               haste
               ,
               nor
               meeting
               adversity
               with
               too
               much
               joy
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Equal
               to
               Furius
               in
               Moderation
               ,
               was
               
                 Marcius
                 Rutilius
                 Censorinus
              
               :
               For
               being
               a
               second
               time
               created
               Censor
               ,
               he
               called
               the
               people
               together
               to
               an
               Assembly
               ,
               and
               in
               a
               Speech
               most
               sharply
               reprehended
               them
               ,
               that
               they
               had
               twice
               conferred
               that
               Office
               upon
               him
               ;
               seeing
               that
               their
               Ancestors
               thought
               rather
               fit
               to
               abridge
               and
               confine
               the
               time
               of
               holding
               the
               same
               ,
               as
               being
               too
               great
               for
               one
               man.
               Both
               did
               well
               ,
               bo●h
               Censorinus
               and
               the
               people
               :
               for
               the
               one
               instructed
               them
               to
               bestow
               their
               high
               Honour
               with
               Moderation
               ,
               the
               other
               intrusted
               themselves
               in
               the
               hands
               of
               a
               moderate
               person
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               Go
               to
               !
               
                 L.
                 Quinctius
                 Cincinna●us
              
               ,
               what
               a
               Consul
               was
               he
               ?
               whose
               honour
               when
               the
               Conscript
               Fathers
               would
               have
               continued
               not
               onely
               for
               his
               egregious
               acts
               ,
               but
               because
               the
               people
               intended
               to
               continue
               the
               same
               Tribunes
               again
               the
               next
               year
               ,
               neither
               of
               which
               could
               be
               legally
               done
               ;
               he
               hindered
               the
               endeavours
               of
               both
               ,
               not
               onely
               restraining
               the
               endeavours
               of
               the
               Senate
               ,
               but
               constraining
               the
               Tribunes
               to
               follow
               the
               Example
               of
               his
               own
               Modesty
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               But
               
                 Fabius
                 Maximus
              
               having
               observ'd
               that
               himself
               had
               been
               Consul
               five
               times
               ,
               and
               oftner
               by
               his
               Father
               ,
               Grandfather
               ,
               and
               Great-Grandfather
               ,
               at
               the
               Assembly
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               where
               his
               Son
               was
               created
               Consul
               ,
               pleaded
               very
               hard
               with
               the
               people
               ,
               That
               they
               would
               permit
               a
               vacation
               of
               Honour
               to
               the
               Family
               of
               the
               Fabii
               :
               Not
               that
               he
               did
               mistrust
               the
               Vertues
               of
               his
               Son
               ,
               for
               he
               was
               a
               person
               of
               great
               Honour
               ,
               but
               that
               the
               supream
               Honour
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               should
               not
               remain
               in
               one
               Family
               .
               What
               more
               powerful
               than
               this
               Moderation
               ,
               that
               could
               so
               overcome
               his
               Fatherly
               affections
               ,
               which
               are
               generally
               so
               strong
               in
               Parents
               ?
            
             
             
               6.
               
               There
               was
               no
               Gratitude
               wanting
               among
               our
               Ancestors
               to
               give
               the
               rewards
               due
               to
               the
               Elder
               African
               ;
               seeing
               that
               they
               have
               endeavoured
               to
               adorn
               his
               greatest
               Enterprizes
               with
               equal
               Honours
               .
               Willing
               they
               were
               to
               place
               his
               Statue
               in
               the
               great
               Halls
               of
               Justice
               ,
               and
               Publick
               Assemblies
               ,
               over
               the
               Rostra
               in
               the
               Court
               ;
               and
               in
               the
               Temple
               of
               Iupiter
               himself
               ,
               they
               were
               willing
               to
               adorn
               his
               Statue
               with
               Triumphal
               Habits
               ,
               and
               lay
               it
               upon
               the
               Cushions
               or
               Beds
               of
               the
               Gods
               in
               the
               Capitol
               .
               They
               would
               have
               given
               him
               the
               Consulship
               as
               long
               as
               he
               lived
               ,
               or
               a
               perpetual
               Dictatorship
               .
               But
               he
               not
               enduring
               any
               Act
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               nor
               Edict
               of
               the
               Senate
               to
               pass
               in
               his
               behalf
               ,
               carried
               himself
               with
               more
               Honour
               in
               refusing
               those
               Honours
               ,
               than
               he
               had
               got
               in
               obtaining
               them
               .
            
             
               With
               the
               same
               strength
               of
               mind
               he
               defended
               the
               Cause
               of
               Hannibal
               in
               the
               Senate
               ,
               when
               his
               own
               Citizens
               by
               their
               Ambassadors
               accused
               him
               of
               raising
               Sedition
               among
               um
               .
               Adding
               ,
               that
               it
               did
               not
               become
               the
               Conscript
               Fathers
               to
               meddle
               in
               the
               affairs
               of
               the
               Carthaginians
               ;
               with
               a
               most
               high
               moderation
               consulting
               the
               safety
               of
               the
               one
               ,
               and
               the
               dignity
               of
               the
               other
               ;
               which
               amounted
               to
               a
               Victory
               ,
               while
               both
               seemed
               to
               act
               the
               parts
               of
               an
               Enemy
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               But
               
                 Marcus
                 Marcellus
              
               ,
               who
               was
               the
               first
               that
               taught
               that
               the
               Carthaginians
               could
               be
               vanquished
               ,
               and
               Syracuse
               taken
               ,
               when
               in
               the
               time
               of
               his
               Consulship
               the
               Syracusans
               came
               into
               the
               City
               to
               complain
               against
               him
               ,
               he
               would
               not
               permit
               the
               Senate
               to
               hear
               the
               Cause
               ,
               because
               his
               Colleague
               was
               by
               chance
               absent
               ,
               lest
               the
               Sicilians
               should
               grow
               fearful
               or
               remiss
               in
               their
               Accusation
               :
               But
               assoon
               as
               his
               Partner
               returned
               ,
               he
               himself
               was
               the
               first
               that
               put
               the
               Senate
               in
               mind
               of
               calling
               in
               the
               Syracusans
               ;
               and
               patiently
               heard
               them
               while
               they
               made
               their
               Complaints
               .
               And
               though
               they
               were
               commanded
               by
               Levinus
               to
               depart
               ,
               yet
               he
               
               caused
               them
               to
               stay
               ,
               that
               they
               might
               be
               present
               at
               his
               defence
               .
               Afterwards
               when
               both
               parties
               had
               been
               heard
               ,
               he
               followed
               them
               going
               out
               of
               the
               Court
               ,
               that
               the
               Senate
               might
               be
               the
               more
               free
               in
               passing
               their
               Sentence
               .
               And
               when
               their
               Accusations
               were
               rejected
               ,
               he
               courteously
               embraced
               ●hem
               ,
               suppliantly
               entreating
               him
               to
               receive
               them
               into
               his
               protection
               .
               Moreover
               ,
               having
               drawn
               Sicily
               by
               Lot
               ,
               he
               yielded
               that
               Province
               to
               his
               Colleague
               .
               And
               indeed
               so
               often
               may
               the
               Praises
               of
               Marcellus
               be
               varied
               ,
               as
               he
               made
               use
               of
               various
               degrees
               of
               Moderation
               toward
               his
               Associates
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               How
               admirable
               did
               
                 Tiberius
                 Gracchus
              
               render
               himself
               !
               For
               being
               Tribune
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               though
               he
               bare
               a
               profess'd
               hatred
               to
               the
               
               Scipio's
               both
               African
               and
               Asiatic
               ;
               yet
               when
               the
               
                 Asiatic
                 Scipio
              
               not
               being
               able
               to
               pay
               the
               Money
               wherein
               he
               was
               condemn'd
               ,
               was
               therefore
               by
               the
               Consul
               commanded
               to
               be
               carried
               to
               Prison
               ,
               upon
               his
               appeal
               to
               the
               Colledge
               of
               Tribunes
               ,
               when
               no
               man
               would
               intercede
               for
               him
               ,
               he
               dissenting
               and
               departing
               from
               the
               Colledge
               ,
               made
               a
               Decree
               :
               And
               when
               every
               one
               thought
               that
               in
               the
               writing
               thereof
               he
               would
               have
               us'd
               the
               words
               and
               expressions
               of
               an
               angry
               enemy
               ;
               In
               the
               first
               place
               he
               swore
               that
               he
               was
               not
               friends
               with
               Scipio
               ,
               and
               then
               recited
               this
               Decree
               of
               his
               own
               framing
               :
               
                 That
                 whereas
              
               Cornelius
               Scipio
               
                 had
                 cast
                 into
                 Prison
                 the
                 Captains
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 led
                 before
                 his
                 Chariot
                 on
                 the
                 day
                 of
                 his
                 Triumph
                 ;
                 it
                 was
                 unworthy
                 and
                 unbecoming
                 the
                 Majesty
                 of
                 the
              
               Roman
               
                 People
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 led
                 thither
                 himself
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 suffer
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 .
              
               Then
               willingly
               the
               Roman
               People
               saw
               how
               Gracchus
               had
               deceived
               them
               in
               their
               opinion
               ,
               and
               extoll'd
               his
               Moderation
               with
               deserved
               Praise
               .
            
             
               9.
               
               
                 Claudius
                 Nero
              
               ,
               is
               also
               to
               be
               number'd
               among
               the
               choice
               Examples
               of
               principal
               Moderation
               .
               He
               was
               partner
               in
               glory
               with
               
                 Livius
                 Salinator
              
               in
               the
               defeat
               
               of
               Asdrubal
               .
               Yet
               he
               chose
               rather
               to
               follow
               him
               triumphing
               on
               Horseback
               ,
               than
               to
               accept
               of
               that
               honour
               of
               Triumph
               ,
               which
               the
               Senate
               had
               equally
               decreed
               to
               him
               ;
               because
               the
               action
               was
               perform'd
               in
               
               Salinator's
               Province
               .
               Wherefore
               he
               triumph'd
               without
               a
               Chariot
               ,
               so
               much
               the
               more
               renownedly
               ,
               because
               only
               the
               Victory
               of
               the
               one
               ,
               but
               the
               Moderation
               of
               the
               other
               was
               thereby
               commended
               .
            
             
               10.
               
               Nor
               does
               the
               Younger
               Africanus
               suffer
               us
               to
               pass
               him
               by
               in
               silence
               :
               Who
               being
               Censor
               ,
               when
               he
               muster'd
               the
               Army
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Sacrifice
               then
               wont
               to
               be
               made
               ,
               the
               Scribe
               was
               also
               singing
               a
               solemn
               Hymn
               of
               Praise
               set
               down
               in
               the
               Books
               ,
               the
               Gods
               were
               supplicated
               to
               prosper
               and
               advance
               the
               affairs
               of
               the
               Roman
               People
               :
               
                 They
                 are
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 in
                 a
                 condition
                 good
                 and
                 great
                 enough
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 I
                 desire
                 the
                 Gods
                 to
                 preserve
                 them
                 safe
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 .
              
               And
               therefore
               ordered
               the
               Song
               to
               be
               mended
               accordingly
               in
               the
               publick
               Records
               .
               Which
               Modesty
               the
               Censors
               when
               they
               muster'd
               ever
               after
               us'd
               in
               their
               Prayers
               .
               Prudently
               believing
               ,
               that
               then
               the
               increase
               of
               the
               Roman
               Empire
               was
               to
               be
               fought
               ,
               when
               they
               fought
               for
               Triumphs
               but
               Seven
               Miles
               from
               the
               City
               .
               But
               when
               they
               now
               possessed
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               that
               it
               was
               a
               piece
               of
               over-Covetousness
               to
               desire
               more
               .
               Being
               happy
               if
               they
               lost
               nothing
               of
               what
               they
               had
               already
               won
               .
            
             
               Nor
               did
               his
               Moderation
               appear
               less
               in
               his
               Censorship
               before
               the
               Tribunal
               .
               For
               when
               he
               was
               mustering
               the
               Centuries
               of
               the
               Hors●men
               ,
               when
               he
               saw
               Licinius
               the
               Priest
               appear
               according
               to
               his
               Summons
               ;
               
                 I
                 know
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 that
                 he
                 hath
                 perjur'd
                 hims●●f
                 in
                 a
                 set
                 form
                 of
                 fram'd
                 words
                 for
                 the
                 nonce
                 .
              
               And
               therefore
               if
               any
               one
               would
               accuse
               him
               ,
               he
               would
               be
               a
               witness
               :
               But
               when
               no
               man
               appear'd
               ,
               
                 Deliver
                 thy
                 Horse
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 Priest
                 ,
                 and
                 buy
                 the
                 Censor's
                 mark
                 lest
                 I
                 be
                 forced
                 to
                 act
                 the
                 part
                 of
                 an
                 Accuser
                 ,
                 Witness
                 and
                 Iudge
                 against
                 thee
                 .
              
            
             
             
               11.
               
               Which
               temper
               of
               minde
               is
               also
               taken
               notice
               of
               in
               
                 Q.
                 Scaevola
              
               ,
               a
               most
               excellent
               Personage
               :
               For
               being
               produced
               as
               a
               witness
               against
               a
               Criminal
               ,
               when
               he
               had
               answered
               that
               which
               seemed
               to
               make
               much
               against
               the
               party
               ,
               he
               added
               at
               his
               going
               away
               ,
               that
               they
               ought
               not
               to
               give
               him
               onely
               Credit
               ,
               unless
               many
               others
               did
               aver
               the
               same
               thing
               ;
               for
               that
               to
               believe
               the
               testimony
               of
               one
               ,
               seem'd
               to
               be
               of
               a
               very
               evil
               Example
               :
               Whereby
               he
               produced
               that
               Faith
               which
               was
               due
               to
               his
               Sinc●rity
               ,
               and
               at
               the
               same
               time
               gave
               wholsome
               advice
               for
               the
               Common
               good
               .
            
             
               12.
               
               I
               am
               sensible
               what
               Citizens
               ,
               what
               Deeds
               and
               Sayings
               of
               theirs
               I
               am
               forced
               to
               comprehend
               in
               a
               narrow
               compass
               of
               Oration
               ;
               but
               when
               many
               and
               great
               things
               are
               to
               be
               spoken
               concerning
               the
               renown
               of
               great
               men
               ,
               there
               is
               no
               relation
               comprehending
               infinite
               persons
               and
               transactions
               that
               can
               perform
               both
               .
               And
               therefore
               our
               purpose
               is
               not
               to
               praise
               ,
               but
               to
               record
               them
               all
               ;
               and
               therefore
               the
               two
               Metelli
               ,
               the
               Macedonian
               and
               Numidian
               ,
               two
               the
               greatest
               Ornaments
               of
               their
               Country
               ,
               desire
               leave
               to
               be
               briefly
               remember'd
               .
               The
               
                 Macedonian
                 Metellus
              
               had
               most
               eagerly
               contended
               with
               the
               
                 African
                 Scipio
              
               ;
               and
               this
               Contention
               arising
               out
               of
               an
               Emulation
               of
               each
               others
               Vertue
               ,
               grew
               to
               most
               grievous
               and
               terrible
               hatred
               of
               each
               other
               :
               but
               when
               he
               heard
               it
               reported
               that
               Scipio
               was
               slain
               ,
               he
               ran
               into
               the
               publick
               street
               with
               a
               sad
               Countenance
               and
               confused
               Out-cry
               ,
               crying
               out
               ,
               
                 Arm
                 ▪
                 arm
                 ,
                 Citizens
                 arm
                 ,
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 our
                 City
                 are
                 defaced
                 and
                 ruined
                 :
              
               For
               Scipio
               was
               violently
               slain
               at
               home
               in
               his
               own
               house
               .
               Oh
               unhappy
               Com●onwealth
               in
               the
               death
               of
               Africanus
               ,
               but
               happy
               in
               the
               generous
               and
               kinde
               Lamentation
               of
               Macedonicus
               ▪
               For
               at
               the
               same
               time
               he
               made
               known
               how
               brave
               a
               Prince
               she
               had
               lost
               ,
               and
               how
               brave
               a
               one
               she
               enjoy'd
               .
               He
               ordered
               his
               Sons
               also
               to
               be
               the
               Supporters
               of
               his
               Bier
               ,
               adding
               this
               voice
               of
               Honour
               to
               his
               
               Funeral
               ,
               
                 That
                 it
                 would
                 never
                 be
                 their
                 fortune
                 to
                 perform
                 that
                 Office
                 to
                 a
                 greater
                 man.
              
               Where
               were
               now
               those
               many
               Quarrels
               in
               the
               Court
               ?
               those
               many
               dissentions
               before
               the
               Pulpits
               for
               Orations
               ?
               where
               the
               Gown-co●tests
               of
               so
               great
               Leaders
               and
               Commonwealths-men
               ?
               All
               these
               this
               most
               Venerable
               Moderation
               utterly
               cancell'd
               .
            
             
               13.
               
               But
               the
               
                 Numidian
                 Metellus
              
               driven
               from
               his
               Country
               by
               Popular
               Faction
               ,
               retir'd
               into
               Asia
               ;
               where
               when
               he
               received
               Letters
               as
               he
               was
               at
               Tralles
               beholding
               certain
               sports
               ,
               reporting
               that
               with
               the
               universal
               consent
               of
               Senate
               and
               People
               ,
               his
               return
               to
               his
               own
               Country
               was
               freely
               granted
               him
               ,
               he
               would
               not
               stir
               out
               of
               the
               Th●atre
               till
               the
               Play
               was
               ended
               :
               Not
               shewing
               any
               change
               of
               gladness
               to
               those
               that
               sate
               next
               him
               of
               any
               side
               ,
               but
               confin'd
               his
               great
               joy
               within
               himself
               ,
               carrying
               the
               Countenance
               in
               his
               Exilement
               ,
               as
               at
               his
               Restoration
               .
               So
               indifferently
               did
               he
               behave
               himself
               between
               Adversity
               and
               Prosperity
               ,
               by
               the
               advantage
               of
               his
               Moderation
               .
            
             
               14.
               
               So
               many
               Families
               being
               numbered
               up
               famous
               for
               one
               kind
               of
               Vertue
               ,
               is
               it
               fit
               that
               we
               leave
               out
               the
               Portian
               Name
               ,
               as
               wanting
               their
               share
               in
               this
               part
               of
               Glory
               ?
               The
               younger
               Cato
               will
               not
               so
               permit
               it
               ,
               not
               a
               little
               trusting
               to
               no
               small
               Exemplar
               of
               his
               own
               Moderation
               .
               He
               had
               brought
               the
               Cyprian
               Money
               with
               great
               diligence
               and
               sincerity
               into
               the
               City
               ;
               for
               which
               Office
               the
               Senate
               ordained
               ,
               that
               at
               the
               next
               Praetorian
               Assemblies
               Extraordinary
               consideration
               should
               be
               taken
               :
               but
               he
               would
               not
               suffer
               it
               to
               be
               done
               ,
               affirming
               it
               to
               be
               unjust
               ,
               that
               what
               was
               never
               decreed
               to
               any
               other
               ,
               should
               be
               decreed
               to
               him
               .
               And
               lest
               any
               new
               Custome
               should
               arise
               from
               his
               person
               ,
               he
               rather
               chose
               the
               hazards
               of
               the
               field
               ,
               than
               to
               accept
               the
               kindness
               of
               the
               Senate
               .
            
             
               15.
               
               While
               I
               am
               endeavouring
               from
               hence
               to
               pass
               to
               
               Forraign
               Examples
               ,
               
                 Marcus
                 Bibulus
              
               ,
               a
               person
               of
               great
               Dignity
               ,
               and
               sacred
               for
               his
               high
               Honours
               ,
               lays
               hands
               upon
               me
               ;
               who
               when
               he
               lay
               in
               Syria
               ,
               receiving
               News
               that
               two
               of
               his
               Sons
               ,
               of
               admirable
               hopes
               ,
               were
               both
               slain
               by
               the
               Souldiers
               of
               Gabinius
               ,
               the
               Murtherers
               of
               whom
               were
               afterwards
               sent
               him
               bound
               by
               Cleopatra
               ,
               to
               take
               the
               revenge
               of
               so
               great
               a
               Calamity
               at
               his
               own
               pleasure
               .
               He
               ,
               notwithstanding
               so
               great
               an
               advantage
               was
               offered
               him
               ,
               that
               a
               person
               so
               provoked
               could
               not
               desire
               a
               greater
               ,
               yet
               caused
               his
               Grief
               to
               give
               way
               to
               his
               Moderation
               ,
               sending
               immediately
               back
               to
               Cleopatra
               the
               Butchers
               of
               his
               own
               flesh
               and
               blood
               ;
               telling
               her
               withal
               ,
               That
               the
               power
               of
               Revenge
               did
               not
               belong
               to
               him
               ,
               but
               to
               the
               Senate
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Architas
                 the
                 Tarentine
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 almost
                 drowns
                 himself
                 at
                 Metaponius
                 in
                 the
                 Precepts
                 of
                 Pythagoras
                 ,
                 after
                 long
                 labour
                 and
                 study
                 ,
                 having
                 freighted
                 himself
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 of
                 Learning
                 ,
                 returned
                 into
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 ;
                 where
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 look
                 after
                 his
                 Estate
                 ,
                 he
                 found
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 negligence
                 of
                 his
                 Bayliff
                 ,
                 his
                 Farms
                 very
                 much
                 decay'd
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 beholding
                 his
                 ill-deserving
                 Servant
                 ,
                 
                   I
                   had
                   most
                   certainly
                
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   punish'd
                   thee
                   according
                   to
                   thy
                   desert
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   I
                   am
                   angry
                   with
                   thee
                   .
                
                 And
                 therefore
                 he
                 had
                 rather
                 let
                 him
                 go
                 unpunish'd
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 his
                 anger
                 punish
                 him
                 more
                 than
                 was
                 just
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 Moderation
                 of
                 Architas
                 was
                 over-liberal
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 Plato
                 more
                 temperate
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 over-vehemently
                 provok'd
                 by
                 a
                 Servant
                 that
                 had
                 committed
                 a
                 great
                 Crime
                 ,
                 fearing
                 he
                 should
                 himself
                 exceed
                 the
                 measure
                 of
                 his
                 chastisement
                 ,
                 committed
                 the
                 correction
                 to
                 his
                 Friend
                 Speusippus
                 ;
                 deeming
                 it
                 an
                 unhandsome
                 thing
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 amiss
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 fault
                 of
                 his
                 Servant
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 the
                 correction
                 of
                 Plato
                 should
                 deserve
                 the
                 same
                 reprehension
                 :
                 which
                 makes
                 me
                 no
                 less
                 wonder
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 constantly
                 moderate
                 toward
                 Zenocrates
                 his
                 Scholar
                 .
                 Plato
                 was
                 informed
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 spoken
                 ill
                 of
                 him
                 many
                 times
                 .
                 He
                 without
                 hesitation
                 slighted
                 the
                 accusation
                 .
                 The
                 Informer
                 very
                 seriously
                 asked
                 him
                 ,
                 Why
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 believe
                 him
                 ?
                 who
                 replied
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 credible
                 that
                 he
                 whom
                 he
                 loved
                 so
                 well
                 should
                 not
                 love
                 him
                 as
                 well
                 again
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 when
                 the
                 envie
                 of
                 the
                 Make-bate
                 confirm'd
                 his
                 story
                 with
                 Oaths
                 ,
                 he
                 affirm'd
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 believe
                 him
                 perjur'd
                 ;
                 however
                 ,
                 if
                 Zenocrates
                 did
                 say
                 such
                 things
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 have
                 said
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 thought
                 it
                 convenient
                 to
                 speak
                 so
                 .
                 One
                 would
                 have
                 thought
                 his
                 Soul
                 had
                 not
                 kept
                 her
                 Station
                 in
                 a
                 Mortal
                 Body
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 a
                 Celestial-Tower
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 armed
                 ,
                 that
                 could
                 so
                 invincibly
                 keep
                 off
                 the
                 Incursions
                 of
                 Humane
                 Vices
                 ,
                 keeping
                 the
                 whole
                 number
                 of
                 Vertues
                 in
                 the
                 close
                 Fortress
                 of
                 the
                 breast
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Dion
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 could
                 not
                 deserve
                 equal
                 Commendation
                 with
                 Plato
                 for
                 Learning
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 his
                 Moderation
                 he
                 gave
                 a
                 larger
                 Experiment
                 .
                 He
                 being
                 expelled
                 his
                 Country
                 by
                 Dionysius
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 went
                 to
                 Megara
                 ;
                 where
                 coming
                 to
                 give
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 that
                 City
                 a
                 Visit
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 finding
                 admittance
                 after
                 a
                 long
                 and
                 tedious
                 waiting
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 to
                 his
                 friend
                 ,
                 
                   This
                   is
                   patiently
                   to
                   be
                   endured
                   ,
                   for
                   perhaps
                   when
                   we
                   were
                   in
                   Authority
                   ●ee
                   our selves
                   did
                   something
                   like
                   this
                   .
                
                 By
                 which
                 tranquillity
                 of
                 Minde
                 he
                 made
                 his
                 own
                 Exile
                 more
                 pleasing
                 to
                 himself
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Thrasibulus
                 is
                 next
                 to
                 be
                 recorded
                 :
                 who
                 when
                 the
                 people
                 of
                 Athens
                 were
                 forced
                 to
                 leave
                 their
                 Country
                 through
                 the
                 Cruelty
                 of
                 the
                 Thirty
                 Tyrants
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 live
                 miserably
                 dispersed
                 ,
                 and
                 wandering
                 without
                 any
                 home
                 ,
                 brought
                 them
                 back
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 .
                 How●ver
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 the
                 victorious
                 Restoration
                 of
                 their
                 Liberty
                 more
                 renowned
                 by
                 his
                 most
                 applauded
                 Moderation
                 :
                 
                 For
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 Law
                 ,
                 That
                 no
                 mention
                 should
                 b●
                 made
                 of
                 things
                 past
                 .
                 This
                 Act
                 if
                 Oblivion
                 which
                 the
                 Ath●nians
                 call
                 Amnestia
                 ,
                 restored
                 the
                 shaken
                 and
                 decaying
                 State
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 its
                 former
                 condition
                 of
                 Honour
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Not
                 l●ss
                 admirable
                 is
                 this
                 that
                 follows
                 .
                 Stasippus
                 o●
                 Tegea
                 ,
                 when
                 his
                 friends
                 advis●d
                 him
                 by
                 any
                 means
                 to
                 kill
                 or
                 remove
                 a
                 person
                 that
                 was
                 his
                 Rival
                 in
                 the
                 Admini●●ration
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 though
                 oth●rwise
                 a
                 very
                 just
                 and
                 upright
                 person
                 ,
                 denied
                 to
                 do
                 any
                 such
                 act
                 ,
                 ●earing
                 t●a●
                 the
                 pl●ce
                 in
                 Government
                 ,
                 which
                 a
                 good
                 man
                 now
                 enjoyed
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 poss●ssed
                 by
                 one
                 of
                 a
                 perve●se
                 and
                 ●vil
                 disposition
                 ,
                 coming
                 in
                 his
                 room
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 The
                 br●ast
                 of
                 Pittacus
                 was
                 well
                 endued
                 with
                 Mod●ration
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 b●come
                 an
                 absolute
                 Tyrant
                 over
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 when
                 Alcaeus
                 the
                 Poet
                 not
                 onely
                 prosecuted
                 him
                 with
                 an
                 inveterate
                 hatr●d
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 his
                 sharp
                 Wit
                 ,
                 onely
                 gave
                 him
                 to
                 understand
                 what
                 was
                 in
                 his
                 power
                 to
                 do
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 The
                 mention
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 made
                 of
                 this
                 man
                 ,
                 brings
                 to
                 our
                 consideration
                 the
                 Moderation
                 of
                 the
                 seven
                 Wise
                 men
                 .
                 A
                 certain
                 p●●son
                 had
                 boug●t
                 a
                 Draught
                 of
                 certain
                 Fishermen
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Mil●sium
                 ;
                 who
                 bringing
                 up
                 a
                 go●den
                 Tab●●
                 of
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 o●
                 a
                 very
                 exceeding
                 great
                 weight
                 ,
                 a
                 v●ry
                 great
                 D●spute
                 arose
                 ;
                 these
                 affirming
                 ●he
                 sale
                 onely
                 of
                 Fish
                 ,
                 the
                 person
                 affirming
                 he
                 bought
                 the
                 Draught
                 in
                 general
                 .
                 By
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 nov●lty
                 of
                 the
                 Accident
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 value
                 of
                 the
                 Treasure
                 ,
                 the
                 business
                 was
                 referred
                 to
                 the
                 judgment
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 they
                 thought
                 it
                 convenient
                 to
                 consult
                 the
                 Oracle
                 to
                 whom
                 the
                 Table
                 belonged
                 :
                 the
                 God
                 answered
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 given
                 to
                 him
                 that
                 excelled
                 in
                 Wisdom
                 ,
                 in
                 these
                 words
                 :
                 
                   
                     
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                    
                  
                   
                     Who
                     first
                     in
                     Wisdom
                     all
                     excells
                     ,
                     to
                     him
                     the
                     Tripos
                     give
                     .
                  
                
                 
                 Thereupon
                 the
                 Milesians
                 by
                 consent
                 gave
                 the
                 Table
                 to
                 Thales
                 :
                 he
                 yielded
                 it
                 to
                 
                   Byas
                   ,
                   Byas
                
                 to
                 Pittacus
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 from
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 a●
                 length
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 Solon
                 ,
                 who
                 gave
                 the
                 attribute
                 of
                 chiefest
                 Wisdom
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 the
                 reward
                 ,
                 to
                 Apollo
                 himself
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 And
                 to
                 witness
                 the
                 Moderation
                 of
                 Theopompus
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 the
                 first
                 Author
                 of
                 the
                 creation
                 of
                 the
                 Ephori
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Curb
                 to
                 the
                 Kingly
                 power
                 in
                 Lacedaemon
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Tribunes
                 were
                 a
                 Curb
                 to
                 the
                 Consular
                 Authority
                 in
                 Rome
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 cause
                 repreh●nded
                 by
                 his
                 wife
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 that
                 which
                 would
                 lessen
                 the
                 grandeur
                 of
                 his
                 Children
                 :
                 
                   I
                   shall
                   leave
                   it
                   less
                
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   but
                   more
                   lasting
                
                 .
                 Rightly
                 said
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 power
                 is
                 most
                 lasting
                 that
                 g●ves
                 limits
                 to
                 it self
                 .
                 Therefore
                 Theopompus
                 by
                 binding
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 in
                 legal
                 Fetters
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 he
                 withdrew
                 it
                 from
                 Licentious
                 power
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 he
                 fixed
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 good
                 will
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 But
                 Antiochus
                 being
                 driven
                 by
                 
                   L.
                   Scipio
                
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 limits
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 beyond
                 the
                 M●untain
                 Taurus
                 ,
                 having
                 lost
                 Asia
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 adjacent
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 thought
                 h●mself
                 bound
                 ,
                 without
                 d●ssimulation
                 ,
                 to
                 return
                 thanks
                 to
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 freed
                 from
                 great
                 Cares
                 ,
                 they
                 had
                 con●●n'd
                 him
                 to
                 govern
                 a
                 moderate
                 Territory
                 .
                 And
                 indeed
                 there
                 is
                 nothing
                 so
                 Illustrious
                 or
                 Magnificent
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 tempered
                 by
                 Moderation
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               II.
               Of
               Reconciliation
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 M.
                 Aemilius
                 Lepidus
                 and
                 M.
                 Fulvius
                 Flaccus
                 Censors
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 M.
                 Livius
                 Salinator
                 and
                 C.
                 Claudius
                 Nero
                 Coss.
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Elder
                
                 Africanus
                 and
                 T.
                 Sempronius
                 Gracchus
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 M.
                 Tullius
                 Cicero
                 and
                 A.
                 Gabinius
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 P.
                 Clodius
                 Pulcher
                 ,
                 and
                 T.
                 Cornelius
                 Lentulus
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 L.
                 Caninius
                 Gallus
                 and
                 C.
                 Antonius
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 M.
                 Caelius
                 Rufus
                 and
                 Q.
                 Pompey
                 .
              
            
             
               WHich
               being
               demonstrated
               by
               many
               and
               most
               renowned
               presidents
               ,
               let
               us
               pass
               to
               a
               most
               rare
               Affection
               of
               the
               Mind
               ,
               or
               the
               course
               of
               Hatred
               to
               Friendship
               ,
               and
               let
               us
               pursue
               it
               in
               a
               pleasant
               Style
               .
               For
               if
               the
               boisterous
               Sea
               prove
               calm
               ,
               and
               the
               stormy
               Sky
               appear
               with
               a
               serene
               aspect
               ,
               and
               War
               making
               a
               change
               for
               Peace
               ,
               be
               no
               small
               cause
               of
               comfort
               ▪
               the
               asswagement
               of
               the
               bitterness
               of
               Hatred
               is
               to
               be
               celebrated
               with
               a
               candid
               Narration
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 Marcus
                 Aemilius
                 Lepidus
              
               ,
               twice
               Consul
               ,
               and
               high
               Priest
               ,
               equal
               in
               the
               Splendor
               of
               his
               Honours
               to
               the
               Gravity
               of
               his
               Life
               ,
               bare
               an
               inveterate
               and
               continued
               Hatred
               to
               
                 Fulvius
                 Flaccus
              
               ,
               a
               person
               of
               the
               same
               dignity
               ;
               which
               assoon
               as
               they
               were
               both
               declared
               Censors
               together
               ,
               he
               laid
               aside
               in
               the
               Field
               .
               Believing
               it
               unreasonable
               for
               those
               to
               be
               at
               private
               difference
               ,
               who
               were
               coupled
               together
               in
               Supreme
               publick
               Authority
               .
               
               That
               judgment
               of
               his
               mind
               the
               present
               Age
               hath
               approved
               ,
               and
               the
               old
               Writers
               of
               Annals
               have
               recorded
               to
               us
               as
               a
               thing
               most
               worthy
               of
               applause
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Now
               would
               they
               let
               the
               illustrious
               advice
               of
               
                 Livius
                 Salinator
              
               for
               the
               ending
               of
               Quatrels
               be
               unknown
               to
               Posterity
               .
               For
               though
               he
               went
               into
               Exile
               with
               a
               burning
               hatred
               against
               
                 Claudius
                 Nero
              
               ,
               anger'd
               at
               the
               testimony
               which
               he
               gave
               against
               him
               ;
               yet
               when
               the
               People
               has
               recall'd
               him
               ,
               and
               made
               him
               Farmer
               with
               Nero
               in
               the
               Consulship
               ,
               he
               commanded
               himself
               to
               forget
               his
               own
               disposition
               ,
               which
               was
               most
               fiery
               ,
               and
               the
               heavy
               injury
               which
               he
               had
               received
               .
               Lest
               by
               denying
               to
               take
               the
               Consortsh●p
               of
               Government
               ,
               through
               the
               inward
               disaffection
               of
               his
               mind
               ,
               he
               should
               have
               acted
               the
               part
               of
               an
               evil
               Consul
               ,
               by
               shewing
               his
               hatred
               to
               his
               Enemy
               .
               Which
               inclination
               of
               his
               mind
               to
               a
               better
               disposition
               ,
               in
               an
               unsafe
               and
               difficult
               conjuncture
               of
               affairs
               ,
               wrought
               no
               small
               advantage
               to
               the
               City
               and
               all
               Italy
               ;
               while
               they
               supported
               with
               an
               equal
               strength
               of
               vertue
               ,
               were
               the
               first
               that
               broke
               the
               force
               and
               turn'd
               the
               fortune
               of
               the
               Carthaginians
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               A
               fair
               Example
               also
               we
               finde
               in
               the
               Elder
               African
               and
               
                 T.
                 Gracchus
              
               of
               Enmity
               laid
               aside
               .
               For
               at
               the
               sacred
               Rites
               of
               that
               Table
               ,
               to
               which
               they
               came
               with
               a
               boyling
               Hatred
               each
               to
               other
               ,
               from
               the
               same
               Table
               they
               departed
               entire
               Friends
               .
               For
               Scipio
               ,
               at
               the
               mediation
               of
               the
               Senate
               ,
               not
               contented
               to
               enter
               into
               Friendship
               with
               Gracchus
               in
               the
               Capitol
               ,
               at
               the
               Feast
               of
               Iupiter
               ;
               he
               there
               also
               espoused
               his
               Daughter
               Cornelia
               to
               him
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               This
               gentile
               humour
               appear'd
               chiefly
               in
               
                 M.
                 Cicero
              
               :
               For
               he
               most
               vehemently
               defended
               
                 A.
                 Gabinius
              
               accus'd
               of
               Bribery
               ,
               who
               had
               expell'd
               him
               out
               of
               the
               City
               in
               his
               Consulship
               .
               And
               the
               same
               person
               preserv'd
               
                 P.
                 Vatinius
              
               from
               two
               publick
               Judgements
               ,
               though
               were
               alwaies
               an
               enemy
               to
               his
               Dignity
               :
               As
               
               without
               any
               imputation
               of
               Levity
               ,
               so
               with
               some
               Praise
               .
               For
               with
               better
               pretence
               Injuries
               are
               overcome
               by
               Benefits
               ,
               than
               retaliated
               with
               obstinate
               Animosity
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Which
               act
               of
               
               Cicero's
               seem'd
               so
               laudable
               ,
               that
               
                 P.
                 Pulcher
              
               ,
               his
               utter
               Enemy
               ,
               did
               not
               disdain
               to
               follow
               it
               .
               Who
               being
               accus'd
               of
               Incest
               by
               the
               three
               Lentuli
               ,
               received
               one
               of
               them
               into
               his
               protection
               ,
               at
               the
               same
               time
               accused
               for
               corrupting
               the
               People
               ,
               to
               obtain
               an
               Office
               :
               and
               gave
               his
               mind
               whol●y
               (
               beholding
               the
               Judge
               ,
               the
               Praetor
               ,
               and
               the
               Temple
               of
               Vesta
               )
               to
               act
               all
               Friendship
               for
               the
               same
               Lentulus
               ,
               though
               the
               other
               at
               the
               same
               time
               endeavoured
               to
               ruine
               his
               reputation
               with
               a
               foul
               crime
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               
                 Caninius
                 Gal●us
              
               also
               shew'd
               himself
               wonderful
               in
               Courtesie
               both
               toward
               the
               Criminal
               ,
               and
               to
               his
               Accuser
               :
               For
               to
               Antonius
               ,
               whom
               he
               had
               condemn'd
               ,
               he
               gave
               his
               Daughter
               ;
               and
               Colonius
               ,
               by
               whom
               he
               was
               accused
               ,
               he
               made
               Overseer
               of
               his
               Estate
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               As
               for
               
                 Caelius
                 Rufus
              
               ,
               though
               his
               Life
               were
               infamous
               ,
               yet
               the
               P●y
               that
               he
               shewed
               to
               
                 Q.
                 Pompeius
              
               was
               to
               be
               applauded
               ;
               who
               being
               cast
               at
               a
               publick
               Trial
               by
               himself
               ,
               when
               his
               Mother
               Cornelis
               ,
               would
               not
               restore
               the
               Farms
               ,
               which
               he
               had
               conveyed
               to
               her
               in
               trust
               ,
               at
               the
               request
               of
               Lentulus
               in
               a
               Letter
               ,
               he
               with
               great
               servency
               made
               a
               Journey
               to
               her
               :
               He
               shewed
               the
               Letter
               ,
               which
               testifi●d
               the
               Necessity
               of
               Pompey
               ;
               whereby
               he
               overc●me
               the
               impious
               Covetousness
               of
               Cornelia
               .
               A
               deed
               ,
               for
               its
               most
               comp●ssionate
               Humanity
               ,
               to
               be
               applauded
               even
               in
               Caelius
               himself
               ;
               and
               to
               be
               imitated
               ,
               though
               Rufus
               were
               the
               Author
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               III.
               Of
               Abstinence
               and
               Continence
               .
            
             
               
                 ROMAN
                 Examples
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Scipio
                 African
                 
                   the
                   Elder
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Cato
                 of
                 U●ica
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Nero
                 Claudius
                 Drusus
                 and
                 Antonia
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Cn.
                 Martius
                 Coriola
                 ●r
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Curius
                 Dentatus
                 Cos.
                 
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 C.
                 Fabricius
                 Luscnus
                 os
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Q.
                 Aelius
                 Tubero
                 Cos.
                 
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 L.
                 Aemilius
                 Paulus
                 Procos
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 The
                 Roman
                 Ambassadours
                 Fabius
                 Gurges
                 ,
                 Cn.
                 Fabii
                 Pictores
                 ,
                 and
                 Q.
                 Ogulnius
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 L.
                 Capurnius
                 Piso.
                 
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 Cato
                 
                   the
                   Elder
                
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 Ca●o
                 of
                 Utica
                 .
              
               
                 13.
                 
                 P.
                 Scipio
                 Em●lianus
                 .
              
               
                 14.
                 
                 
                   The
                   People
                   of
                
                 Rome
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 P●ricles
                 the
                 Athenian
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Sophocles
                 the
                 Athenian
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Xenocrates
                 
                   the
                   Academic
                
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Diogenes
                 
                   the
                   Cynic
                
                 .
              
            
             
               WIth
               great
               care
               and
               most
               deliberate
               study
               are
               we
               now
               to
               relate
               ,
               how
               those
               impetuous
               desires
               of
               Lust
               and
               Avarice
               have
               by
               Reason
               and
               Councel
               been
               remov'd
               from
               the
               breath
               of
               great
               Persons
               .
               For
               that
               City
               ,
               that
               Family
               ,
               that
               Kingdom
               easily
               remains
               in
               a
               lasting
               and
               firm
               degree
               of
               Establishment
               ,
               where
               Lust
               and
               Avarice
               challenge
               the
               least
               preroga●ive
               .
               For
               where
               those
               Plagues
               of
               Humane
               kinde
               have
               gotten
               sooting
               ,
               there
               Injury
               prevails
               ,
               and
               Infamy
               rages
               .
               But
               forgetting
               those
               ,
               let
               us
               call
               to
               minde
               Costumes
               contrary
               to
               those
               most
               pestilent
               Vices
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               Scipio
               in
               the
               twenty
               fourth
               year
               of
               his
               Age
               ,
               having
               taken
               
                 New
                 Carthage
              
               in
               Spain
               ,
               and
               conceiving
               
               in
               his
               mind
               prosperous
               hopes
               of
               taking
               the
               greater
               Carthage
               ,
               had
               regained
               into
               his
               power
               many
               Hostages
               ,
               which
               the
               Carthaginians
               kept
               close
               in
               that
               Town
               ,
               and
               among
               the
               rest
               a
               Virgin
               of
               most
               surpassing
               Beauty
               mature
               in
               years
               ,
               though
               he
               were
               young
               ,
               unmarried
               and
               a
               Conquerour
               ,
               yet
               understanding
               that
               she
               was
               of
               a
               Noble
               Family
               among
               the
               Celtiberians
               ,
               and
               affianced
               to
               Indibilis
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               Princes
               of
               that
               Countrey
               ,
               he
               sent
               for
               her
               Parents
               and
               her
               Spouse
               ,
               and
               delivered
               untouch'd
               to
               her
               own
               Friends
               ,
               adding
               to
               her
               Dowry
               the
               Gold
               that
               was
               brought
               for
               her
               Ransome
               .
               Which
               Continency
               and
               Bounty
               of
               his
               so
               moved
               Indibilis
               ,
               that
               he
               wrought
               with
               the
               Celtiberians
               to
               take
               part
               with
               the
               Romans
               ,
               thereby
               approving
               himself
               truly
               grateful
               for
               so
               great
               a
               favour
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               As
               Spain
               was
               a
               witness
               of
               this
               mans
               Abstinence
               ,
               so
               did
               
                 Epirus
                 ,
                 Achaia
              
               ,
               The
               Cyclade
               Islands
               ,
               the
               Sea-Coast
               of
               Asia
               ,
               and
               Cyprus
               ,
               give
               testimony
               to
               the
               Continence
               of
               Cato
               :
               From
               whence
               when
               he
               had
               the
               charge
               of
               sending
               great
               sums
               of
               Money
               ,
               he
               carried
               himself
               as
               free
               from
               Wantonness
               ,
               as
               from
               desire
               of
               Gain
               ,
               though
               he
               had
               opportunity
               enough
               to
               have
               been
               intemperate
               in
               both
               :
               For
               the
               Royal
               Treasure
               was
               all
               at
               his
               charge
               ,
               and
               he
               was
               forced
               every
               where
               to
               take
               up
               his
               Lodgings
               in
               Cities
               the
               most
               fruitful
               of
               all
               pleasures
               .
               And
               this
               is
               testified
               in
               writing
               by
               
                 Minatius
                 Rufus
              
               ,
               his
               faithful
               Companion
               in
               the
               Cyprian
               Expedition
               .
               Though
               I
               rely
               not
               altogether
               upon
               his
               testimony
               ;
               the
               subject
               it self
               is
               a
               suffici●nt
               proof
               ,
               seeing
               that
               Cato
               and
               Continence
               were
               both
               born
               from
               the
               same
               Womb
               of
               Nature
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Most
               certain
               it
               is
               that
               
                 Drusus
                 Germanicus
              
               ,
               the
               glory
               of
               the
               Claudian
               Family
               ,
               a
               rare
               Ornament
               of
               his
               Countrey
               ,
               and
               which
               is
               above
               all
               the
               rest
               ,
               for
               the
               greatness
               of
               his
               Actions
               ,
               considering
               his
               Age
               ,
               near
               approaching
               to
               the
               Grandeur
               of
               his
               Imperial
               Father-in-Law
               
               and
               Brother
               ,
               was
               eminently
               known
               to
               have
               confin'd
               his
               love
               of
               Women
               within
               the
               particular
               and
               single
               affection
               to
               his
               own
               Wife
               .
               Antonia
               also
               ,
               a
               woman
               surpassing
               in
               Praise
               the
               Masculine
               Renown
               of
               her
               Family
               ,
               recompensed
               the
               love
               of
               her
               Husband
               with
               a
               Fidelity
               answerable
               :
               And
               after
               his
               decease
               ,
               in
               the
               Flower
               of
               his
               Age
               and
               Beauty
               ,
               espoused
               her self
               to
               the
               House
               of
               her
               Mother-in-law
               ;
               so
               that
               in
               the
               same
               bed
               the
               Vigorous
               Youth
               of
               the
               one
               extinguished
               ,
               the
               experienced
               Widowhood
               of
               the
               other
               grew
               aged
               .
               And
               so
               let
               this
               Chamber
               put
               an
               end
               to
               these
               Examples
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               Let
               us
               now
               spend
               some
               time
               upon
               Examples
               of
               those
               who
               never
               car'd
               for
               money
               .
               
                 Calus
                 Marcius
              
               a
               young
               Gentleman
               of
               the
               Porcian
               Family
               ,
               descended
               from
               the
               Renowned
               Progeny
               of
               King
               Ancus
               ;
               who
               had
               their
               si●name
               from
               Coriolum
               a
               Town
               of
               the
               Volsci
               by
               them
               taken
               :
               when
               for
               his
               noble
               acts
               of
               Fortitude
               ,
               he
               was
               praised
               at
               the
               head
               of
               the
               Army
               by
               
                 Posthumiu●
                 Cominius
              
               the
               Consul
               ,
               and
               reward
               given
               him
               of
               Military
               gifts
               ,
               besides
               a
               hundred
               Acres
               of
               Land
               ,
               h●s
               choice
               of
               ten
               Captives
               ,
               as
               many
               Horses
               with
               their
               Trapping●
               ,
               a
               Herd
               of
               a
               hundred
               Oxen
               ,
               and
               a
               great
               weight
               of
               Silver
               ;
               yet
               he
               refused
               all
               ,
               accepting
               of
               nothing
               but
               the
               liberty
               of
               one
               Captive
               that
               was
               his
               Host
               ,
               and
               one
               Horse
               for
               service
               :
               Through
               which
               circumspect
               Moderation
               of
               minde
               ,
               it
               is
               hard
               to
               judge
               whether
               he
               merited
               most
               in
               deserving
               or
               refusing
               those
               Rewards
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               But
               
                 M.
                 Curius
              
               ,
               a
               most
               exact
               Rule
               of
               Roman
               Frugality
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               a
               pe●fect
               President
               of
               Fortitude
               ,
               was
               not
               asham'd
               to
               shew
               himself
               sitting
               upon
               a
               Country-form
               before
               the
               fire
               at
               Supper
               in
               a
               Wooden
               platter
               .
               (
               You
               may
               guess
               at
               his
               Dainties
               .
               )
               He
               contemn'd
               the
               Riches
               of
               the
               Samnites
               ,
               the
               Samnites
               admir'd
               his
               Poverty
               :
               For
               when
               they
               brought
               him
               a
               great
               weight
               of
               Gold
               ,
               sent
               him
               by
               their
               Country-men
               for
               a
               Present
               ,
               and
               kindly
               desired
               him
               to
               accept
               of
               it
               ,
               he
               fell
               into
               a
               
               laughter
               ,
               and
               presently
               ,
               quoth
               he
               ,
               
                 You
                 that
                 are
                 come
                 hither
                 upon
                 a
                 needless
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 may
                 not
                 call
                 it
                 idle
                 Embassie
                 ,
                 go
                 tell
                 the
              
               Samnites
               ,
               That
               Curius
               
                 had
                 rather
                 command
                 rich
                 men
                 than
                 be
                 rich
                 himself
                 ;
                 and
                 carry
                 back
                 that
                 pretious
                 gift
                 invented
                 to
                 the
                 evil
                 of
                 mankinde
                 ;
                 and
                 remember
                 th●t
                 I
                 c●n
                 neither
                 be
                 overcome
                 in
                 Battle
                 ,
                 nor
                 be
                 corrupted
                 with
                 Money
                 .
              
               The
               same
               person
               when
               he
               had
               driven
               Pyrrhus
               out
               of
               Italy
               ,
               nevertheless
               would
               not
               touch
               the
               least
               part
               of
               all
               those
               Royal
               spoils
               that
               did
               so
               inrich
               the
               City
               .
               Moreover
               ,
               he
               would
               not
               exceed
               the
               usual
               measure
               of
               Popular
               assign●ment
               ,
               though
               the
               Senate
               gave
               to
               himself
               Fifty
               Acres
               of
               Land
               ,
               to
               the
               people
               but
               Seven
               Acres
               ;
               esteeming
               him
               no
               good
               Citizen
               ,
               that
               could
               not
               be
               contented
               with
               what
               was
               given
               to
               others
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               Of
               the
               same
               opinion
               was
               
                 Fabricius
                 Luscinus
              
               ,
               greater
               than
               any
               person
               of
               his
               time
               in
               Honour
               and
               Authority
               ;
               in
               Estate
               not
               above
               the
               meanest
               :
               Who
               when
               the
               Samnites
               ,
               who
               were
               under
               his
               protection
               ,
               sent
               him
               a
               Present
               of
               Ten
               pound
               of
               coyned
               Silver
               ,
               Five
               pound
               weight
               of
               Gold
               ,
               and
               as
               many
               Servants
               ,
               he
               sent
               them
               back
               to
               Samnium
               ;
               by
               the
               advantage
               of
               his
               Continency
               rich
               without
               Money
               ,
               and
               attended
               without
               a
               Family
               ;
               so
               much
               did
               he
               abound
               in
               Honour
               purchased
               by
               the
               contempt
               of
               those
               things
               .
               Nor
               was
               the
               exp●ctation
               of
               Fabricius
               unanswered
               in
               the
               refusal
               of
               those
               Presents
               :
               For
               the
               Embassadour
               returning
               to
               Pyrrhus
               ,
               and
               hearing
               Cyrnas
               the
               Thessalian
               telling
               the
               King
               of
               a
               certain
               Athenian
               famous
               for
               his
               Wisdom
               ,
               who
               was
               of
               opinion
               that
               men
               should
               do
               nothing
               but
               for
               pleasure's
               sake
               ,
               look'd
               upon
               it
               as
               a
               monstrous
               saying
               ,
               and
               immediately
               decri'd
               that
               kind
               of
               Wisdom
               ,
               both
               before
               Pyrrhus
               and
               the
               Samnites
               .
               For
               though
               the
               Athenians
               did
               glory
               in
               their
               Learning
               ,
               yet
               there
               was
               no
               prudent
               p●r●o●
               but
               would
               rather
               chuse
               to
               follow
               the
               self-denial
               of
               Fabricius
               ,
               than
               the
               Precepts
               of
               
               Epicurus
               :
               which
               the
               event
               prov'd
               true
               :
               For
               that
               City
               which
               indulged
               so
               much
               pleasure
               ,
               lost
               a
               very
               large
               Dominion
               ;
               but
               an
               industrious
               and
               laborious
               Country
               holds
               its
               own
               :
               And
               this
               City
               could
               bestow
               that
               Liberty
               ,
               which
               the
               other
               valu'd
               not
               .
            
             
               7
               One
               might
               easily
               conjecture
               
                 Elius
                 Tubero
              
               ,
               sirnamed
               Carius
               ,
               to
               have
               been
               the
               Disciple
               of
               Curius
               and
               Fabricius
               ,
               to
               whom
               ,
               being
               then
               Consul
               ,
               when
               the
               Etolians
               sent
               a
               vast
               present
               of
               Silver
               Plate
               ,
               not
               onely
               of
               a
               very
               great
               weight
               ,
               but
               also
               most
               exq●isi●●ly
               wrought
               ;
               by
               reason
               that
               their
               Embassadours
               whom
               they
               had
               formerly
               sent
               to
               congratulate
               him
               ,
               upon
               their
               return
               had
               related
               how
               they
               saw
               him
               feeding
               onely
               in
               Earthen
               Dishes
               :
               He
               immediately
               bid
               them
               be
               gone
               with
               their
               Baggage
               ,
               admonishing
               them
               withal
               ,
               that
               they
               should
               not
               think
               that
               Continency
               and
               Poverty
               wanted
               the
               same
               supply
               .
               How
               well
               did
               he
               prefer
               his
               own
               Domestick
               meanness
               before
               the
               Etolian
               Splendour
               ,
               if
               the
               succeeding
               Ages
               would
               have
               followed
               his
               Example
               !
               But
               now
               to
               what
               a
               height
               are
               we
               grown
               ,
               that
               Servants
               refuse
               to
               make
               use
               of
               that
               Houshold-stuff
               ,
               which
               would
               serve
               a
               Consul
               before
               ?
            
             
               8.
               
               But
               after
               the
               overthrow
               of
               
                 Perseus
                 ,
                 Paulus
              
               had
               so
               glutted
               the
               old
               Hereditary
               poverty
               of
               our
               City
               with
               Wealth
               ,
               that
               at
               that
               time
               the
               Roman
               people
               first
               began
               to
               think
               of
               laying
               Taxes
               ;
               yet
               no
               way
               enriched
               his
               own
               Family
               ,
               accompting
               it
               enough
               that
               he
               by
               his
               Victories
               got
               Honour
               ,
               while
               others
               got
               the
               money
               .
            
             
               9.
               
               To
               this
               sound
               judgment
               of
               his
               ,
               
                 Q.
                 Fabius
                 Gurges
                 ,
                 Cn.
                 Fabius
                 Pictores
                 ,
              
               and
               Ogulnius
               ,
               subscribed
               ,
               who
               being
               sent
               Embassadours
               to
               King
               Ptolomy
               ,
               sent
               those
               Gifts
               which
               they
               had
               privately
               receiv'd
               from
               the
               King
               ,
               into
               the
               publick
               Treasury
               ,
               before
               they
               would
               give
               an
               account
               of
               their
               Embassi●
               to
               the
               Senate
               ;
               judging
               that
               there
               was
               nothing
               due
               for
               faithful
               service
               to
               the
               publick
               ,
               but
               the
               reward
               of
               Praise
               .
               But
               now
               the
               
               Senate
               shew'd
               their
               gratitude
               ,
               and
               the
               exact
               discipllne
               of
               our
               Ancestors
               .
               For
               what
               they
               had
               laid
               up
               in
               the
               Treasury
               was
               restor'd
               to
               the
               Embassadours
               not
               only
               by
               the
               Decree
               of
               the
               Senate
               ,
               but
               by
               the
               consent
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               which
               was
               by
               the
               Questors
               with
               the
               same
               willingness
               paid
               .
               Thus
               the
               Liberality
               of
               Ptolomy
               ,
               the
               Abstinence
               of
               the
               Embassadours
               ,
               the
               Equity
               of
               the
               Senate
               and
               People
               ,
               had
               in
               all
               an
               equal
               share
               of
               applause
               .
            
             
               10.
               
               That
               
                 Calpurnius
                 Piso
              
               was
               an
               Imitator
               of
               the
               Fabii
               and
               Ogulnii
               ,
               the
               Story
               makes
               manifest
               .
               The
               Consul
               having
               freed
               Sicily
               from
               the
               bloody
               War
               of
               the
               Fugitives
               ,
               like
               a
               Commander
               rewarded
               those
               with
               Gifts
               ,
               whose
               assistance
               he
               had
               made
               most
               use
               of
               ;
               among
               the
               rest
               he
               gave
               to
               his
               Son
               ,
               who
               had
               behaved
               himself
               valiantly
               ,
               a
               Crown
               of
               Three
               Pound
               weight
               of
               Gold
               ,
               saying
               withal
               ,
               
                 That
                 the
                 chief
                 Magistrate
                 should
                 not
                 take
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 publick
                 Treasure
                 to
                 expend
                 upon
                 his
                 own
                 Family
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 therefore
                 he
                 would
                 leave
                 so
                 much
                 Gold
                 over
                 and
                 above
                 to
                 the
                 Young
                 man
                 in
                 his
                 Will
                 ,
                 to
                 pay
                 for
                 it
                 ;
                 that
                 though
                 he
                 received
                 his
                 Honour
                 publickly
                 ,
                 be
                 should
                 receive
                 the
                 price
                 privately
                 from
                 his
                 Father
                 .
              
            
             
               11.
               
               Let
               us
               see
               if
               wee
               can
               finde
               any
               great
               person
               in
               this
               age
               that
               makes
               use
               of
               Goatskins
               for
               his
               Coverlid
               ,
               and
               while
               he
               rules
               all
               Spain
               ,
               has
               but
               three
               Servants
               to
               attend
               him
               ;
               that
               spent
               no
               more
               than
               Five
               Hundred
               Farthings
               and
               somewhat
               over
               in
               his
               preparation
               for
               his
               Journey
               ;
               that
               drank
               the
               same
               Drink
               ,
               and
               eat
               the
               same
               Meat
               which
               the
               Mariners
               fed
               upon
               ;
               would
               not
               that
               be
               wonderful
               indeed
               ?
               Yet
               all
               this
               did
               the
               Elder
               Cato
               patiently
               endure
               ,
               confining
               himself
               with
               an
               extraordinary
               delight
               to
               a
               pleasing
               custome
               of
               Frugality
               .
            
             
               12.
               
               The
               Younger
               Cato
               was
               born
               at
               a
               great
               distance
               from
               the
               Continence
               of
               the
               antient
               times
               ,
               coming
               into
               the
               world
               at
               such
               a
               time
               ,
               when
               the
               City
               abounded
               in
               
               Riches
               and
               all
               manner
               o●
               Voluptuousnes●
               .
               Yet
               h●
               having
               a
               command
               in
               the
               Civil
               Wars
               ,
               and
               having
               his
               Son
               along
               with
               him
               ,
               nevertheless
               had
               but
               twelve
               Servants
               with
               him
               ;
               in
               number
               more
               than
               the
               former
               Cato
               used
               ,
               but
               the
               alteration
               of
               the
               times
               being
               consider'd
               ,
               fewer
               .
            
             
               13.
               
               I
               am
               not
               a
               little
               delighted
               in
               repeating
               the
               Acts
               of
               Illustrious
               Heroes
               .
               
                 Scipio
                 Aemilianus
              
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               born
               two
               Consulships
               ,
               and
               been
               eminent
               for
               two
               Triumphs
               of
               his
               own
               Conquests
               ,
               yet
               went
               upon
               a
               great
               Embassie
               accompanied
               with
               no
               more
               than
               Seven
               Attendants
               .
               And
               yet
               't
               is
               believed
               he
               might
               have
               purchas'd
               more
               with
               the
               Spoils
               of
               Carthage
               and
               Numantium
               ,
               but
               that
               the
               praise
               of
               his
               great
               deeds
               should
               accrew
               to
               himself
               ,
               the
               Spoils
               to
               his
               Countrey
               .
               And
               therefore
               when
               he
               travell'd
               through
               the
               Countries
               of
               his
               Associates
               and
               Allies
               ,
               and
               other
               forraign
               Nations
               ,
               they
               were
               not
               accompted
               his
               Slaves
               ,
               but
               his
               Victories
               .
               Nor
               did
               men
               consider
               how
               much
               Gold
               and
               Silver
               ,
               but
               how
               much
               weight
               of
               worth
               he
               bare
               about
               him
               .
            
             
               14.
               
               This
               Continence
               appear'd
               in
               the
               very
               breasts
               of
               the
               generality
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               but
               it
               shall
               suffice
               to
               relate
               two
               Examples
               of
               ages
               far
               distant
               one
               from
               another
               .
               Pyrrhus
               when
               he
               saw
               the
               violence
               of
               his
               fury
               at
               a
               stand
               ,
               &
               that
               the
               hearts
               of
               his
               Epirotes
               began
               to
               fail
               ,
               designing
               to
               purchase
               the
               good
               will
               of
               the
               Roman
               People
               ,
               whose
               Vertue
               he
               could
               not
               overcome
               ,
               had
               transported
               almost
               all
               the
               wealth
               of
               his
               Treasures
               into
               our
               City
               .
               But
               when
               his
               Embassadours
               went
               from
               House
               to
               House
               with
               great
               Gifts
               fit
               for
               the
               use
               of
               Men
               and
               Women
               ,
               they
               could
               not
               finde
               a
               door
               open
               to
               them
               .
               Thus
               the
               more
               stout
               than
               prosperous
               defender
               of
               the
               Tarentine
               petulancie
               ,
               was
               repulsed
               and
               defeated
               as
               well
               by
               the
               Customes
               as
               Arms
               of
               the
               City
               ;
               nor
               can
               I
               determine
               which
               was
               the
               greatest
               Victory
               .
               In
               that
               storm
               also
               with
               which
               Marius
               and
               Cinna
               infested
               the
               Common-wealth
               ,
               
               wonderful
               was
               the
               abstinence
               of
               the
               People
               .
               For
               when
               they
               lest
               the
               people
               at
               liberty
               to
               ransack
               the
               houses
               of
               them
               that
               were
               by
               themselves
               proscribed
               ,
               there
               was
               no
               man
               to
               be
               found
               that
               would
               lay
               hands
               upon
               the
               Prey
               of
               civil
               Discord
               .
               For
               every
               one
               abstained
               from
               using
               violence
               toward
               them
               ,
               as
               from
               things
               consecrated
               to
               the
               Gods
               :
               Which
               compassionate
               abstinence
               of
               the
               common
               people
               ,
               was
               a
               tacit
               reproach
               to
               the
               Cruelty
               of
               the
               Victors
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 And
                 lest
                 we
                 should
                 be
                 thought
                 to
                 envy
                 the
                 same
                 applause
                 to
                 strangers
                 ,
                 Pericles
                 Prince
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 having
                 for
                 his
                 Companion
                 in
                 the
                 Pretorship
                 Sophocles
                 the
                 Tragoedian
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 observ'd
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 to
                 utter
                 certain
                 Expressions
                 over-lavish
                 in
                 the
                 praise
                 of
                 a
                 beautiful
                 Boy
                 that
                 pass'd
                 by
                 ,
                 reprehended
                 him
                 in
                 these
                 words
                 :
                 
                   That
                   a
                   Magistrate
                   ought
                   to
                   keep
                   his
                   eyes
                   from
                   lustful
                   desires
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   his
                   hands
                   fr●m
                   unlawful
                   gain
                   .
                
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Socrates
                 himself
                 being
                 now
                 stricken
                 in
                 years
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 demand●d
                 by
                 one
                 whether
                 he
                 yet
                 mind●d
                 his
                 Youthful
                 dalliances
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   Gods
                   have
                   taught
                   me
                   better
                   ,
                
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   for
                   I
                   fl●d
                   from
                   it
                   of
                   my
                   own
                   accord
                   ,
                   as
                   from
                   a
                   furius
                   Contagion
                   .
                
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Of
                 equal
                 Continency
                 was
                 Xenocrates
                 in
                 his
                 old
                 Age
                 ;
                 of
                 whose
                 opinion
                 the
                 following
                 Relation
                 is
                 no
                 small
                 testimony
                 .
                 Phryne
                 ,
                 a
                 noble
                 Curtesan
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 drink
                 ,
                 laid
                 herself
                 upon
                 the
                 bed
                 by
                 him
                 ,
                 having
                 receiv'd
                 a
                 sum
                 of
                 money
                 to
                 try
                 if
                 she
                 could
                 tempt
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 though
                 he
                 neither
                 refused
                 to
                 hear
                 her
                 flattering
                 allurements
                 ,
                 nor
                 to
                 let
                 her
                 stroak
                 and
                 handle
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 let
                 her
                 lie
                 daliying
                 in
                 his
                 bosome
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 at
                 length
                 put
                 her
                 off
                 without
                 prevailing
                 in
                 her
                 designe
                 .
                 An
                 abstemious
                 act
                 of
                 a
                 mind
                 endu'd
                 with
                 wisdom
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 saying
                 of
                 the
                 Curtesan
                 was
                 very
                 facetious
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 
                 young
                 men
                 deriding
                 her
                 that
                 she
                 being
                 so
                 handsome
                 and
                 witty
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 win
                 the
                 aff●ction
                 of
                 an
                 old
                 man
                 ;
                 and
                 refusing
                 to
                 give
                 her
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 engaged
                 ,
                 she
                 made
                 answer
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   Bargain
                   was
                   to
                   deal
                   with
                   a
                   Man
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   a
                   Statue
                   .
                
                 Could
                 this
                 Continence
                 of
                 Xenocrates
                 be
                 more
                 truly
                 demonstrated
                 ,
                 more
                 truly
                 or
                 properly
                 by
                 any
                 one
                 than
                 by
                 the
                 expression
                 of
                 the
                 Curtesan
                 her self
                 ?
                 For
                 Phryne
                 with
                 all
                 her
                 Beauty
                 could
                 not
                 weaken
                 nor
                 move
                 the
                 most
                 constant
                 Abstinence
                 of
                 the
                 Philosopher
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 What
                 think
                 ye
                 of
                 King
                 Alexander
                 ?
                 could
                 he
                 tempt
                 him
                 with
                 his
                 Riches
                 ?
                 You
                 would
                 have
                 thought
                 him
                 a
                 Statue
                 ,
                 though
                 equally
                 assail'd
                 as
                 well
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 as
                 by
                 the
                 Curtesan
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 sent
                 Embassadours
                 to
                 him
                 with
                 a
                 Present
                 of
                 some
                 Talents
                 ,
                 whom
                 being
                 brought
                 into
                 the
                 Academy
                 ,
                 was
                 entertain'd
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 custom
                 ,
                 after
                 his
                 mean
                 and
                 poor
                 fashion
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 the
                 Embassadours
                 asking
                 him
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 have
                 his
                 Money
                 told
                 out
                 ,
                 
                   I
                   had
                   thought
                
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   by
                   your
                   yesterdays
                   entertainment
                   ,
                   that
                   you
                   had
                   understood
                   that
                   my
                   condition
                   does
                   not
                   require
                   Money
                   .
                
                 Thus
                 while
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 desirous
                 to
                 buy
                 the
                 Frien●ship
                 of
                 the
                 Philosopher
                 ,
                 the
                 Philosopher
                 d●nies
                 to
                 sell
                 it
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 The
                 same
                 Alexander
                 having
                 obtained
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 Invincible
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 conquer
                 the
                 Continence
                 of
                 Diogenes
                 the
                 Cyni●●
                 to
                 whom
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 sitting
                 in
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 and
                 bid
                 him
                 tell
                 him
                 wherein
                 he
                 might
                 do
                 him
                 a
                 kindness
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 lay
                 in
                 the
                 shade
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 sordid
                 conversation
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 a
                 stout
                 minde
                 ,
                 quoth
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   thy
                   pr●ffers
                   ,
                   by
                   and
                   by
                   ;
                   but
                   in
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   ,
                   do
                   not
                   stand
                   between
                   me
                   and
                   the
                   Sun.
                
                 Which
                 words
                 carried
                 a
                 deep
                 sense
                 with
                 them
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 Alexander
                 might
                 sooner
                 overcome
                 .
                 Darius
                 with
                 his
                 Arms
                 ,
                 than
                 remove
                 Diogenes
                 from
                 his
                 low
                 estate
                 to
                 love
                 wealth
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 person
                 being
                 told
                 by
                 Aristippus
                 at
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 se●ing
                 him
                 washing
                 Pot-herbs
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 he
                 
                 could
                 but
                 flatter
                 Dionysius
                 he
                 need
                 not
                 eat
                 such
                 trash
                 ,
                 made
                 this
                 retort
                 ,
                 quoth
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   If
                   thou
                   couldst
                   eat
                   this
                   mean
                   fare
                   ,
                   thou
                   needst
                   not
                   flatter
                
                 Dionysius
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               IV.
               Poverty
               praised
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 P.
                 Valerius
                 Poplicola
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Agrippa
                 Menenius
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 C.
                 Fabricius
                 Lusc●nus
                 and
                 Q.
                 Aemilius
                 Papus
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   Of
                   Captains
                   called
                   from
                   the
                   Plough
                   to
                   command
                   Armies
                   .
                
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 C.
                 Attilius
                 Regulus
                 Cos.
                 
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 M.
                 Attilius
                 Regulus
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 L.
                 Quinctius
                 Cincinnatus
                 ,
                 Dictat
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 The
                 Elian
                 Family
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 Elius
                 Tubero
                 ,
                 and
                 L.
                 Paulus
                 Emilius
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 Cn.
                 Cornelius
                 Scipio
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 M.
                 Emilius
                 Scaurus
                 .
              
            
             
               THat
               Children
               are
               the
               greatest
               Ornaments
               to
               Women
               ,
               we
               finde
               written
               by
               
                 Pomponius
                 Rufus
              
               in
               his
               Book
               of
               Collections
               ,
               in
               these
               words
               .
               When
               a
               Campanian
               Lady
               lying
               at
               the
               House
               of
               Cornelia
               ,
               Mother
               of
               the
               Gracchi
               ,
               shewed
               her
               her
               Jewels
               and
               other
               Ornaments
               ,
               which
               were
               the
               fairest
               of
               any
               in
               that
               time
               ,
               Cornelia
               held
               her
               in
               discourse
               till
               her
               Children
               return'd
               from
               School
               .
               
                 And
                 these
              
               ,
               quoth
               she
               ,
               when
               they
               appeared
               ,
               
                 are
                 my
                 Ornaments
              
               .
               For
               he
               hath
               all
               things
               that
               covets
               nothing
               ,
               and
               much
               more
               certainly
               than
               he
               that
               possesses
               all
               things
               .
               For
               great
               Estates
               many
               times
               fail
               ,
               but
               a
               good
               Habit
               of
               Minde
               is
               above
               the
               violence
               of
               Fortune
               .
               And
               therefore
               what
               matters
               it
               ,
               whether
               we
               put
               Riches
               in
               the
               highest
               part
               of
               Felicity
               ,
               or
               Poverty
               in
               the
               lowest
               degree
               of
               Misery
               ?
               Especially
               when
               the
               chearful
               countenance
               of
               Wealth
               is
               full
               of
               many
               conceal'd
               Bitternesses
               ;
               and
               the
               more
               
               rugged
               and
               deformed
               aspect
               of
               Poverty
               many
               times
               abounds
               with
               many
               sure
               and
               solid
               Contents
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               The
               pride
               of
               Tarquin
               having
               put
               an
               end
               to
               Kingly
               Government
               ,
               
                 Valerius
                 Publicola
              
               with
               
                 Iunius
                 Brutus
              
               his
               Colleague
               auspiciously
               began
               the
               Office
               of
               Consuls●ip
               .
               The
               same
               person
               having
               afterwards
               born
               three
               Consulships
               to
               the
               great
               content
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               and
               by
               many
               and
               most
               renowned
               Actions
               having
               enlarged
               the
               Grandeur
               of
               his
               Nobility
               :
               And
               yet
               this
               great
               Pillar
               of
               History
               died
               ,
               not
               leaving
               a
               Patrimony
               sufficient
               for
               the
               expences
               of
               his
               Funeral
               ,
               which
               were
               therefore
               defray'd
               at
               the
               Publick
               charge
               .
               It
               imports
               not
               to
               make
               any
               farther
               search
               into
               the
               Poverty
               of
               so
               great
               a
               Person
               ,
               for
               it
               is
               apparent
               what
               he
               possessed
               when
               he
               lived
               ,
               though
               being
               dead
               he
               wanted
               both
               a
               Bier
               and
               Funeral-Pile
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               We
               may
               well
               guess
               how
               high
               in
               Dignity
               
                 Agrippa
                 Menenius
              
               was
               ,
               whom
               the
               Senate
               and
               People
               chose
               Arbitrator
               of
               their
               differences
               ,
               and
               to
               make
               peace
               between
               um
               .
               For
               how
               great
               ought
               he
               to
               be
               ,
               who
               was
               Umpire
               of
               the
               publick
               Safety
               ?
               This
               man
               ,
               unless
               the
               People
               had
               gathered
               among
               themselves
               the
               sixth
               part
               of
               a
               Penny
               to
               make
               up
               the
               Sum
               ,
               could
               not
               have
               defrayed
               his
               meer
               Funeral-Expences
               ,
               dying
               so
               poor
               that
               he
               wanted
               for
               the
               decency
               of
               Burial
               ;
               and
               therefore
               the
               City
               divided
               by
               pernicious
               Sedition
               ,
               were
               content
               to
               be
               reconcil'd
               by
               the
               Ghosts
               of
               Agrippa
               ,
               who
               though
               they
               were
               poor
               ,
               yet
               they
               had
               observed
               them
               to
               be
               religiously
               sincere
               .
               Who
               as
               he
               had
               nothing
               while
               he
               lived
               that
               could
               be
               publikly
               taxed
               ,
               yet
               being
               deceas'd
               had
               the
               Concord
               and
               Unity
               of
               the
               City
               for
               his
               Patrimony
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               I
               cannot
               deny
               but
               that
               there
               was
               Silver
               in
               the
               Houses
               of
               
                 Caius
                 Fabricius
              
               and
               
                 Q.
                 Emilius
                 Papus
              
               ,
               the
               most
               principal
               men
               of
               their
               times
               .
               But
               Fabricius
               seem'd
               the
               more
               prodigal
               ,
               because
               he
               had
               a
               Horn-fo●t
               
               to
               his
               Drinking-cup
               .
               But
               Papus
               seem'd
               more
               head-strong
               ,
               who
               having
               received
               his
               Goods
               as
               hereditary
               ,
               would
               not
               alienate
               them
               for
               religions
               sake
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               They
               were
               also
               certainly
               very
               rich
               who
               were
               call'd
               from
               the
               Plough
               to
               be
               made
               Consuls
               ;
               for
               pleasures
               sake
               they
               plough'd
               the
               sandy
               and
               barren
               Soil
               of
               Pupinia
               ,
               and
               ignorant
               of
               delicacy
               scatter'd
               those
               vast
               clods
               with
               c●ntinued
               sweat
               and
               labour
               ;
               so
               that
               those
               whom
               the
               dangers
               of
               the
               Common
               wealth
               call'd
               to
               be
               Emperours
               and
               Generals
               ,
               their
               want
               at
               home
               (
               for
               why
               should
               truth
               conceal
               a
               Sirname
               ?
               )
               compell'd
               to
               follow
               the
               call
               of
               Cowherds
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               They
               who
               were
               sent
               by
               the
               Senate
               to
               call
               Atilius
               to
               undertake
               the
               Government
               of
               the
               Roman
               People
               ,
               found
               him
               sowing
               in
               his
               Garden
               ;
               but
               those
               hands
               ,
               hardned
               with
               Countrey-labour
               ,
               establish'd
               the
               safety
               of
               the
               Common-wealth
               ,
               and
               defeated
               mighty
               Armies
               of
               the
               Enemies
               ;
               and
               those
               hands
               that
               lately
               held
               the
               Plough
               ,
               now
               hold
               the
               reins
               of
               the
               Triumphant
               Chariot
               :
               Nor
               was
               he
               asham'd
               ,
               when
               he
               had
               laid
               down
               his
               Ebony
               Staff
               ,
               to
               return
               again
               to
               the
               Plough
               Tail.
               Well
               may
               Atilius
               comfort
               the
               Poor
               ,
               but
               much
               more
               instruct
               the
               Rich
               ,
               how
               little
               the
               troublesome
               care
               of
               gathering
               Riches
               ,
               advantages
               the
               true
               desire
               of
               purchasing
               solid
               Honour
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               Of
               the
               same
               name
               and
               blood
               ,
               
                 Atilius
                 Regulus
              
               ,
               the
               greatest
               glory
               and
               the
               greatest
               calamity
               of
               the
               Punic
               War
               ,
               when
               he
               had
               ruin'd
               the
               wealth
               of
               the
               most
               insolent
               Carthaginian
               by
               the
               success
               of
               many
               Victories
               ,
               and
               understood
               that
               his
               authority
               was
               continued
               for
               the
               next
               year
               ,
               upon
               consid●ration
               of
               his
               worthy
               deeds
               ;
               he
               wrote
               to
               the
               Consuls
               ,
               that
               his
               Bayly
               of
               his
               little
               Farm
               that
               he
               had
               in
               the
               Countrey
               of
               Popinia
               was
               de●d
               ,
               and
               that
               one
               that
               he
               had
               hired
               was
               gone
               away
               with
               his
               Utensils
               of
               Agriculture
               ,
               and
               therefore
               desired
               that
               a
               Succ●ssour
               might
               be
               sent
               him
               ,
               left
               his
               land
               
               lying
               untill'd
               ,
               his
               Wife
               and
               Children
               should
               want
               Bread.
               Which
               when
               the
               Consuls
               had
               r●lated
               to
               the
               Senate
               ,
               they
               caus'd
               his
               ground
               to
               be
               let
               ,
               and
               setled
               a
               Livelihood
               upon
               his
               Wife
               and
               Children
               ,
               and
               ordered
               those
               things
               that
               he
               had
               lost
               to
               be
               redeem'd
               .
               Such
               was
               the
               Example
               of
               
               Atilius's
               vertue
               to
               our
               Treasury
               ,
               that
               every
               Age
               will
               boast
               of
               among
               the
               Romans
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               Equally
               large
               were
               the
               Farms
               of
               
                 L.
                 Quinctius
                 Cincinn●●us
              
               :
               For
               he
               poss●ssed
               only
               seven
               Acres
               of
               Land
               ▪
               and
               of
               these
               he
               had
               lost
               three
               ,
               forfeited
               for
               a
               Fine
               ,
               being
               bound
               to
               the
               Treasury
               ;
               and
               with
               the
               rest
               of
               this
               little
               Land
               he
               paid
               another
               Forfeiture
               for
               his
               Son
               Caeso
               ,
               for
               not
               appearing
               when
               he
               was
               call'd
               to
               answer
               the
               Law.
               And
               yet
               when
               he
               was
               ploughing
               only
               four
               Acres
               of
               this
               Land
               ,
               he
               not
               only
               upheld
               the
               dignity
               of
               his
               Family
               ,
               but
               had
               the
               Dictatorship
               conferr'd
               upon
               him
               .
               He
               accompts
               himself
               to
               live
               splendidly
               now
               ,
               whose
               House
               stands
               upon
               as
               much
               ground
               as
               all
               Cincinnatus
               F●rm
               contain'd
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               What
               shall
               I
               say
               of
               the
               Aelian
               Family
               ?
               How
               ●ic●
               were
               they
               ?
               There
               were
               Sixteen
               of
               that
               name
               ,
               whos●
               little
               Cottage
               stood
               where
               now
               the
               Marian
               Monuments
               stand
               ,
               and
               a
               small
               Farm
               in
               the
               Countrey
               of
               th●
               Veii
               ,
               that
               needed
               fewer
               men
               to
               till
               it
               than
               it
               had
               Owners
               ▪
               and
               in
               the
               Parishes
               call'd
               M●ximus
               and
               Flaminia
               they
               had
               the
               ground
               where
               the
               Theater
               stood
               bestowed
               upon
               them
               for
               their
               vertue
               by
               the
               Publick
               .
            
             
               9.
               
               That
               Family
               had
               not
               one
               scruple
               of
               Silver
               ,
               before
               that
               Paulus
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               utterly
               defeated
               Perses
               ,
               gave
               to
               
                 Aelius
                 Tubero
              
               ,
               his
               Son-in-Law
               ,
               five
               Poun●
               weight
               of
               Gold
               ,
               out
               of
               the
               Spoils
               that
               were
               taken
               .
               I
               omit
               ,
               that
               the
               chief
               person
               of
               the
               City
               gave
               his
               Daughter
               in
               marriage
               to
               one
               whose
               ●amily
               and
               Estate
               was
               so
               exceeding
               low
               .
               And
               he
               himself
               died
               so
               v●ry
               poor
               ,
               that
               unless
               he
               had
               sold
               one
               Farm
               which
               he
               had
               left
               ,
               there
               had
               not
               been
               sufficient
               for
               th●
               Dowry
               of
               his
               
               Wife
               .
               The
               minds
               of
               Men
               and
               Women
               were
               then
               most
               noble
               in
               the
               City
               ,
               and
               the
               worth
               of
               every
               Man
               was
               then
               in
               all
               things
               weighed
               against
               his
               Goods
               and
               Estate
               .
               For
               every
               one
               made
               it
               his
               business
               to
               serve
               his
               Country
               ,
               not
               himself
               :
               And
               they
               rather
               chose
               poverty
               in
               a
               rich
               Empire
               ,
               than
               riches
               in
               a
               poor
               Empire
               .
               And
               to
               this
               noble
               resolution
               that
               reward
               was
               given
               ,
               that
               it
               was
               not
               lawful
               to
               buy
               any
               of
               those
               things
               which
               were
               due
               to
               Vertue
               ;
               and
               the
               wants
               of
               Illustrious
               Men
               were
               supply'd
               out
               of
               the
               publick
               Stock
               .
            
             
               10.
               
               And
               therefore
               ,
               when
               
                 Cneus
                 Scipio
              
               had
               written
               out
               of
               Spain
               to
               the
               Senate
               ,
               desiring
               that
               a
               successor
               might
               be
               sent
               him
               ,
               for
               that
               he
               had
               a
               daughter
               now
               fit
               for
               marriage
               ,
               and
               that
               no
               portion
               could
               be
               provided
               for
               her
               ,
               without
               he
               were
               present
               :
               The
               Senate
               ,
               lest
               the
               Commonwealth
               should
               loose
               a
               good
               Captain
               ,
               performed
               the
               office
               of
               a
               Father
               ,
               and
               having
               with
               the
               advice
               of
               his
               Wife
               and
               Relations
               agreed
               upon
               the
               Portion
               ,
               caused
               it
               to
               be
               paid
               out
               of
               the
               publick
               Treasury
               .
               The
               Portion
               was
               two
               thousand
               pieces
               of
               brass
               mony
               :
               whereby
               not
               only
               appears
               the
               kindness
               of
               the
               
                 Conscript
                 Fathers
              
               ,
               but
               the
               usual
               measure
               of
               the
               ancient
               Estates
               may
               be
               guessed
               at
               .
               For
               they
               were
               so
               small
               ,
               that
               Tatia
               the
               daughter
               of
               Cato
               was
               said
               to
               have
               brought
               her
               Husband
               an
               exceeding
               Portion
               ,
               when
               she
               brought
               him
               ten
               thousand
               pieces
               of
               brass
               mony
               .
               And
               Megullia
               ,
               that
               entred
               her
               husbands
               house
               with
               fifty
               thousand
               pieces
               of
               brass
               mony
               ,
               was
               called
               for
               that
               reason
               ,
               the
               
                 Maid
                 with
                 the
                 Portion
              
               .
               And
               therefore
               the
               Senate
               vindicated
               the
               daughters
               of
               
                 Fabricius
                 Luscinus
              
               ,
               and
               Scipio
               ,
               from
               being
               portionless
               ,
               by
               their
               own
               Liberality
               ,
               seeing
               their
               Parents
               had
               nothing
               to
               give
               them
               but
               their
               wealthy
               honours
               .
            
             
               11.
               
               What
               inheritance
               
                 M.
                 Scaurus
              
               received
               from
               his
               Father
               ,
               he
               himself
               relates
               in
               the
               first
               Book
               that
               he
               hath
               wrote
               concerning
               his
               Life
               .
               For
               ,
               saith
               he
               ,
               
                 he
                 had
                 but
                 
                 ten
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 value
                 ef
                 his
                 Estate
                 ,
                 was
                 but
                 thirty
                 five
                 thousand
                 pieces
                 of
                 mony
                 .
              
            
             
               These
               Examples
               therefore
               we
               ought
               to
               regard
               ,
               and
               quiet
               our
               minds
               with
               the
               Consolation
               thereof
               ,
               who
               are
               always
               complaining
               of
               the
               scantiness
               or
               our
               own
               Fortunes
               ▪
               We
               find
               no
               Silver
               ,
               or
               a
               very
               small
               quantity
               ,
               few
               Servants
               ,
               seven
               Acres
               of
               barren
               Land
               ,
               domestick
               Indigency
               ,
               Funeral
               expences
               publickly
               defray'd
               ,
               Daughters
               without
               Portions
               :
               But
               we
               behold
               famous
               Consulships
               ,
               wonderful
               Dictatorships
               ,
               and
               innumerable
               Triumphs
               .
               Why
               do
               we
               therefore
               with
               continual
               reproaches
               torment
               a
               mean
               Fortune
               ,
               as
               the
               chief
               evil
               of
               human
               kind
               ?
               Who
               though
               with
               not
               superfluously
               flowing
               ,
               yet
               with
               faithful
               breasts
               ,
               nourished
               the
               Poplicolae
               ,
               the
               Emilii
               ,
               the
               Fabricii
               ,
               the
               Curii
               ,
               the
               Scipio's
               ,
               the
               Scauri
               ,
               and
               all
               those
               other
               supports
               of
               Vertue
               equal
               to
               these
               .
               Let
               us
               ●ather
               pull
               up
               our
               spirits
               ,
               and
               comfort
               our
               minds
               ,
               debilitated
               with
               the
               sight
               of
               mony
               ,
               with
               the
               memory
               of
               former
               times
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               I.
               Of
               Bashfulness
               ,
               or
               Modesty
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   people
                   of
                
                 Rome
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 C.
                 Terentius
                 Varro
                 Cos.
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 C.
                 Cicereius
                 Candidate
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 L.
                 Licinius
                 Crassus
                 Candidate
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Pompey
                 
                   the
                   Great
                
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 C.
                 Julius
                 Caesar
                 Dict.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Spurina
                 the
                 Hetrurian
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 Spartan
                 Embassadors
                 .
              
            
             
               FRom
               whence
               it
               seems
               seasasonable
               to
               pass
               away
               to
               Bashfulness
               ;
               for
               this
               instructed
               the
               most
               just
               
               men
               to
               neglect
               their
               own
               private
               Estates
               ,
               and
               to
               have
               regard
               only
               to
               the
               publick
               .
               A
               vertue
               worthy
               ,
               that
               to
               her
               should
               be
               Temples
               rear'd
               and
               consecrated
               ,
               as
               to
               a
               Celestial
               Numen
               ;
               as
               being
               the
               Parent
               of
               all
               good
               Counsel
               ,
               the
               Guardianess
               of
               the
               most
               solemn
               Offices
               ,
               the
               Mistress
               of
               Innocency
               ;
               dear
               to
               her
               own
               ,
               acceptable
               to
               Strangers
               ,
               and
               in
               all
               places
               ,
               and
               at
               all
               times
               ,
               carrying
               a
               favourable
               Aspect
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               But
               that
               we
               may
               return
               from
               the
               praises
               to
               the
               actions
               thereof
               ,
               from
               the
               first
               building
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               to
               the
               time
               that
               Africanus
               and
               
                 T.
                 Longus
              
               were
               Consuls
               ,
               the
               Senate
               and
               People
               sate
               at
               the
               beholding
               all
               Spectacles
               and
               shews
               promiscuously
               together
               :
               yet
               not
               one
               of
               the
               people
               would
               venture
               to
               take
               place
               before
               any
               of
               the
               Senate
               .
               So
               circumspect
               was
               the
               modesty
               of
               our
               Citizens
               ;
               a
               most
               certain
               experiment
               whereof
               appear'd
               on
               that
               day
               ,
               when
               
                 T.
                 Flaminius
              
               being
               by
               the
               Censor
               removed
               from
               the
               Senate
               ,
               was
               contended
               to
               stand
               in
               the
               hindermost
               part
               of
               the
               Theater
               ,
               though
               he
               had
               been
               Consul
               ,
               and
               was
               the
               brother
               of
               Flaminius
               the
               Vanquisher
               of
               Philip
               King
               of
               Macedon
               .
               Which
               the
               people
               no
               sooner
               beheld
               ,
               but
               they
               compelled
               him
               to
               take
               that
               place
               which
               his
               Dignity
               required
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               
                 Terentius
                 Varro
              
               gave
               a
               great
               wound
               to
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               by
               his
               rash
               giving
               battle
               at
               Cannae
               .
               Yet
               by
               his
               refusing
               to
               take
               upon
               him
               the
               Dictatorship
               ,
               which
               after
               that
               was
               decreed
               him
               by
               the
               full
               consent
               of
               the
               Senate
               and
               People
               ;
               by
               his
               bashful
               modesty
               ,
               made
               satisfaction
               for
               the
               fault
               of
               a
               most
               fatal
               overthrow
               :
               and
               through
               his
               modest
               behavior
               ,
               made
               them
               impute
               the
               publick
               Calamity
               ,
               not
               to
               him
               ,
               but
               to
               the
               anger
               of
               the
               Gods.
               
            
             
               3.
               
               Let
               us
               behold
               a
               more
               famous
               piece
               of
               Modesty
               .
               Fortune
               ,
               not
               without
               great
               envy
               ,
               had
               brought
               
                 Cn.
                 Scipio
              
               ,
               the
               son
               of
               the
               elder
               Africanus
               ,
               together
               with
               Cicereius
               the
               Scribe
               ,
               into
               the
               Common
               Hall
               for
               
               Election
               of
               Pretors
               ;
               and
               very
               much
               reprehended
               he
               was
               ,
               that
               he
               had
               abused
               the
               Nobility
               and
               authority
               of
               so
               great
               a
               person
               ,
               by
               appearing
               at
               such
               an
               Assembly
               .
               But
               Cicereius
               turned
               his
               crime
               to
               his
               praise
               .
               For
               when
               he
               saw
               himself
               preferr'd
               by
               all
               the
               Centuries
               before
               Scipio
               ,
               he
               went
               out
               of
               the
               Temple
               ,
               and
               throwing
               off
               his
               Candidates
               Garment
               ,
               came
               in
               again
               and
               gave
               his
               voice
               for
               Scipio
               .
               Being
               more
               willing
               to
               yield
               the
               Pretorship
               to
               the
               memory
               of
               Africanus
               ,
               than
               to
               Challenge
               it
               for
               himself
               .
               Nor
               was
               the
               reward
               of
               his
               Modesty
               small
               ;
               for
               though
               Scipio
               obtained
               the
               Pretorship
               ,
               yet
               Cicereius
               was
               more
               applauded
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               And
               that
               we
               may
               not
               presently
               leave
               the
               Common-Hall
               ,
               when
               
                 L.
                 Crassus
              
               stood
               for
               the
               Consulship
               ,
               and
               was
               by
               all
               perswaded
               a●ter
               the
               manner
               of
               the
               Candidates
               ,
               to
               go
               ●ound
               the
               Forum
               ,
               and
               b●g
               the
               voices
               of
               the
               pe●ple
               ,
               he
               could
               by
               no
               p●rswasions
               be
               induced
               to
               do
               it
               ,
               though
               
                 Q.
                 Sc●vola
              
               his
               Fath●r
               in
               law
               ,
               a
               most
               wise
               and
               grave
               p●●son
               ,
               wer●
               present
               with
               him
               ;
               whom
               he
               therefore
               desired
               to
               depart
               ,
               as
               one
               who
               proffered
               his
               service
               in
               vain
               ;
               more
               regardful
               of
               the
               modesty
               of
               his
               dignity
               ,
               than
               mindful
               of
               the
               respect
               o●
               his
               white
               Robe
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Pompey
               the
               Great
               ,
               being
               overthrown
               at
               the
               Battle
               of
               Pharsalia
               ,
               when
               all
               the
               people
               came
               forth
               to
               meet
               him
               ,
               as
               he
               was
               entring
               into
               the
               City
               of
               
                 Larissa
                 ;
                 Go
              
               ,
               said
               He
               ,
               
                 and
                 perform
                 this
                 office
                 to
                 the
                 Victor
                 .
              
               A
               person
               not
               deserving
               to
               be
               overcome
               ,
               had
               he
               not
               been
               vanquished
               by
               Caesar
               :
               most
               gentle
               in
               Calamity
               ;
               who
               because
               he
               could
               not
               use
               his
               authority
               ,
               made
               use
               of
               his
               modesty
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               Which
               as
               it
               often
               appear'd
               most
               eminent
               in
               
                 Caius
                 Caesar
              
               ,
               so
               most
               remarkably
               at
               his
               death
               :
               For
               being
               assail'd
               with
               the
               points
               of
               many
               parracidical
               weapons
               ,
               when
               his
               divine
               Soul
               was
               separated
               from
               his
               mortal
               Body
               ,
               could
               not
               be
               frighted
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               received
               above
               twenty
               three
               wounds
               ,
               from
               his
               obedience
               to
               Modesty
               .
               
               For
               he
               let
               down
               the
               lower
               part
               of
               his
               Gown
               with
               both
               hands
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               fall
               with
               the
               lower
               part
               of
               his
               Body
               covered
               .
               In
               this
               manner
               not
               men
               ,
               but
               the
               Immortal
               Gods
               ,
               recover
               their
               own
               habitations
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 which
                 follows
                 ,
                 I
                 will
                 ascribe
                 to
                 Forraigners
                 ,
                 as
                 happening
                 before
                 any
                 City
                 was
                 given
                 to
                 Hetruria
                 .
                 There
                 was
                 in
                 that
                 Country
                 one
                 Spurina
                 ,
                 a
                 young
                 man
                 of
                 surpassing
                 beauty
                 ;
                 whose
                 lovely
                 aspect
                 ,
                 alluring
                 the
                 eyes
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 Illustrious
                 Ladies
                 ,
                 and
                 who
                 therefore
                 believing
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 suspected
                 of
                 unchastity
                 by
                 the
                 Husbands
                 and
                 Parents
                 of
                 those
                 women
                 ;
                 with
                 many
                 wounds
                 gash'd
                 and
                 spoyl'd
                 the
                 beauty
                 of
                 his
                 C●●ntenance
                 ;
                 choosing
                 rather
                 deformity
                 for
                 the
                 Guardian
                 of
                 his
                 fidelity
                 ,
                 than
                 that
                 his
                 beauty
                 should
                 be
                 the
                 Incitement
                 of
                 others
                 Lust.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 At
                 Athens
                 ,
                 a
                 very
                 aged
                 person
                 coming
                 into
                 the
                 Theater
                 ,
                 when
                 there
                 were
                 none
                 that
                 would
                 rise
                 to
                 give
                 him
                 place
                 ,
                 he
                 came
                 at
                 length
                 where
                 sate
                 the
                 Embassadors
                 of
                 the
                 Lecedemonians
                 .
                 Who
                 being
                 moved
                 with
                 the
                 age
                 of
                 the
                 person
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 by
                 rising
                 up
                 shew'd
                 their
                 reverence
                 to
                 his
                 aged
                 years
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 gave
                 him
                 leave
                 to
                 sit
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 honourable
                 place
                 among
                 them
                 .
                 Which
                 when
                 the
                 people
                 beheld
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 applause
                 they
                 approved
                 the
                 modesty
                 of
                 a
                 Forraign
                 City
                 :
                 And
                 it
                 is
                 reported
                 that
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Embassadors
                 should
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   the
                
                 Athenians
                 
                   knew
                   what
                   was
                   well
                   done
                   ,
                   but
                   neglected
                   to
                   do
                   it
                   themselves
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VI.
               Of
               Conjugal
               Love.
               
            
             
               
                 Among
                 the
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 T.
                 Gracchus
                 
                   the
                   Elder
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 C.
                 Plautius
                 Numidian
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 M.
                 Plautius
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Julia
                 
                   the
                   Daughter
                   of
                
                 Caesar.
                 
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Porcia
                 
                   the
                   Daughter
                   of
                
                 M.
                 Cato
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Artemisia
                 
                   wife
                   of
                
                 M●●solus
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Hipsicratea
                 .
                 
                   Daughter
                   of
                
                 Mithridates
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Lacaena
                 .
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   Family
                   of
                   the
                
                 Minye
                 .
              
            
             
               FRom
               a
               gentle
               and
               mild
               Affection
               ,
               I
               will
               proceed
               to
               another
               as
               equally
               honest
               ,
               yet
               somewhat
               more
               fervent
               ,
               and
               of
               a
               more
               vehement
               Nature
               ;
               and
               offer
               not
               without
               greatest
               Veneration
               ,
               as
               it
               were
               certain
               Images
               of
               Lawful
               love
               ,
               to
               the
               Contemplation
               of
               the
               Reader
               ,
               effectually
               relating
               the
               actions
               of
               established
               and
               firm
               fidelity
               between
               married
               people
               ,
               difficult
               to
               imitate
               ,
               but
               profitable
               to
               be
               known
               ;
               seeing
               that
               when
               a
               man
               knows
               the
               most
               excellent
               Examples
               ,
               it
               will
               be
               a
               shame
               to
               him
               to
               follow
               the
               meanest
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 Titus
                 Gracchus
              
               having
               caught
               two
               snakes
               in
               his
               own
               house
               ,
               a
               Male
               and
               Female
               ;
               and
               being
               told
               by
               the
               Soothsayer
               ,
               that
               if
               he
               let
               go
               the
               Male
               ,
               it
               portended
               the
               death
               of
               his
               Wife
               ;
               if
               he
               let
               go
               the
               Female
               ,
               his
               own
               suddain
               decease
               ;
               following
               that
               part
               of
               the
               prediction
               that
               portended
               his
               own
               ,
               rather
               than
               the
               death
               of
               his
               Wife
               ,
               he
               caused
               the
               Female
               Snake
               to
               be
               ●●t
               go
               ;
               and
               was
               so
               hardy
               as
               to
               behold
               his
               own
               destruction
               in
               the
               death
               of
               the
               Snake
               kill'd
               before
               his
               
               face
               .
               And
               therefore
               I
               cannot
               determine
               whether
               Cornelia
               were
               more
               happy
               that
               she
               had
               such
               a
               Husband
               ,
               or
               more
               miserable
               in
               his
               loss
               .
               O
               Admetus
               ,
               cruel
               king
               of
               Thessalia
               ,
               and
               by
               a
               great
               Judg
               condemned
               of
               an
               unpardonable
               crime
               !
               who
               w●rt
               so
               content
               to
               change
               thy
               own
               life
               for
               the
               death
               of
               thy
               Wife
               ,
               and
               couldst
               enjoy
               the
               comfort
               of
               this
               light
               ,
               after
               she
               had
               voluntarily
               submitted
               to
               dye
               ,
               only
               to
               prolong
               thy
               days
               :
               having
               a
               heart
               inferior
               to
               a
               womans
               ,
               before
               thou
               hadst
               tryed
               the
               indulgence
               of
               thy
               parents
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               A
               meaner
               Victime
               to
               Misfortune
               than
               
                 T.
                 Gracchus
              
               ,
               though
               of
               the
               Senatorian
               order
               ,
               was
               
                 C.
                 Plaucius
              
               the
               Numidian
               ,
               yet
               as
               to
               affection
               of
               the
               same
               nature
               ,
               equal
               to
               him
               in
               affection
               .
               For
               hearing
               news
               of
               the
               death
               of
               his
               Wife
               ,
               impatient
               of
               grief
               ,
               he
               stab'd
               himself
               with
               his
               Sword
               ;
               but
               by
               the
               timely
               coming
               in
               of
               h●s
               Servants
               being
               hindred
               from
               executing
               his
               purpose
               ,
               and
               the
               wound
               being
               dressed
               and
               bound
               up
               ,
               he
               no
               sooner
               found
               his
               oportunity
               ,
               but
               cutting
               his
               Swathes
               ,
               and
               t●aring
               open
               the
               wound
               again
               ,
               he
               would
               not
               endure
               his
               soul
               opprest
               with
               grief
               to
               remain
               in
               his
               Bowels
               :
               Testifying
               by
               the
               violence
               of
               his
               death
               ,
               what
               a
               Conjugal
               flame
               he
               had
               shut
               up
               in
               his
               brest
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               As
               of
               the
               same
               name
               ,
               so
               endued
               with
               the
               same
               love
               ,
               was
               
                 M.
                 Plautius
              
               .
               Who
               being
               command●d
               to
               return
               with
               the
               Confederate
               Navy
               into
               Asia
               ,
               and
               putting
               into
               Brundusium
               ,
               whither
               his
               Wife
               Orestella
               coming
               to
               visit
               him
               ,
               fell
               sick
               and
               dyed
               :
               after
               she
               was
               laid
               upon
               the
               Funeral
               pile
               ,
               betwixt
               the
               last
               duties
               of
               anointing
               and
               kissing
               her
               ,
               he
               fell
               upon
               his
               naked
               Sword
               :
               whom
               his
               friends
               ,
               as
               he
               was
               in
               his
               Military
               Coat
               ,
               and
               Booted
               ,
               laid
               by
               his
               Wife
               .
               Whose
               Monument
               is
               yet
               to
               be
               seen
               at
               Tarentum
               ,
               with
               this
               Inscription
               ,
               
                 THE
                 LOVERS
                 TOMB
              
               .
               And
               it
               is
               not
               to
               be
               question'd
               but
               that
               if
               there
               were
               any
               sence
               left
               in
               departed
               Souls
               ,
               that
               they
               enter'd
               Elysium
               joyful
               of
               each
               others
               company
               .
            
             
             
               4.
               
               The
               same
               Affection
               is
               noted
               in
               Iulia
               ,
               the
               daughter
               of
               
                 C.
                 Caesar.
              
               Who
               when
               she
               saw
               the
               Garment
               of
               her
               Husband
               Pompey
               the
               Great
               brought
               home
               sprinkled
               with
               Blood
               from
               the
               Common-Hall
               where
               the
               Aedils
               were
               chosen
               ,
               swounded
               away
               ,
               and
               with
               the
               suddainess
               of
               the
               fright
               miscarried
               ;
               and
               presently
               expired
               ,
               to
               the
               great
               detriment
               of
               the
               whole
               world
               :
               Whose
               tranquility
               had
               not
               been
               disturb'd
               with
               so
               severe
               a
               fury
               of
               so
               many
               Civil
               Wars
               ,
               if
               the
               Amity
               of
               Caesar
               and
               Pompey
               had
               remained
               lin●'d
               with
               the
               Bonds
               of
               common
               Affinity
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               All
               Ages
               will
               also
               with
               due
               admiration
               reverence
               thy
               most
               chast
               fires
               ,
               O
               Porcia
               ,
               Daughter
               of
               
                 Marcus
                 Cato
              
               ,
               who
               understanding
               that
               her
               Husband
               Brutus
               was
               overthrown
               and
               slain
               at
               the
               Battle
               of
               Philippi
               ,
               not
               having
               a
               weapon
               ready
               ,
               didst
               swallow
               burning
               Coals
               .
               thy
               feminine
               Soul
               imitating
               the
               masculine
               Death
               of
               thy
               Countries
               welfare
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 There
                 are
                 some
                 Forraign
                 Amours
                 just
                 and
                 honest
                 ,
                 not
                 shadow'd
                 nor
                 obscur'd
                 with
                 the
                 vail
                 of
                 Ignorance
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 sufficient
                 to
                 touch
                 upon
                 a
                 few
                 .
                 How
                 much
                 .
                 Artemisia
                 Queen
                 of
                 Caria
                 bewailed
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 her
                 Husband
                 Mausolus
                 ,
                 might
                 seem
                 a
                 light
                 thing
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 most
                 exquisite
                 honours
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 which
                 she
                 did
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Magnificence
                 of
                 that
                 Monument
                 ,
                 which
                 became
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Seven
                 Wonders
                 of
                 the
                 World.
                 For
                 why
                 shouldst
                 thou
                 labour
                 to
                 recount
                 all
                 those
                 Honours
                 ,
                 or
                 insist
                 upon
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 that
                 Monument
                 ,
                 when
                 she
                 her self
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 satisfied
                 without
                 being
                 the
                 living
                 and
                 breathing
                 Sepulchre
                 of
                 Mausolus
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 testimony
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 repo●t
                 that
                 she
                 drank
                 up
                 his
                 Ashes
                 mixt
                 in
                 a
                 certain
                 drink
                 ?
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Hipsicratea
                 also
                 the
                 Queen
                 so
                 entirely
                 loved
                 Mithridates
                 
                 her
                 Husband
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 let
                 go
                 all
                 the
                 reins
                 of
                 Affection
                 .
                 For
                 whose
                 love
                 she
                 apparell'd
                 her
                 beauty
                 in
                 Mans
                 Apparel
                 ;
                 and
                 accustom'd
                 her self
                 to
                 manlike
                 Exercises
                 ,
                 cutting
                 her
                 Hair
                 ,
                 and
                 betaking
                 her self
                 to
                 her
                 Horse
                 and
                 Arms
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 might
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 partake
                 of
                 his
                 labours
                 and
                 dangers
                 ;
                 and
                 not
                 only
                 so
                 ,
                 but
                 after
                 he
                 was
                 overcome
                 by
                 Pompey
                 ,
                 following
                 him
                 with
                 an
                 indefatigable
                 Body
                 and
                 Minde
                 in
                 his
                 flight
                 through
                 many
                 rough
                 and
                 barbarous
                 Nations
                 .
                 Whose
                 faithful
                 society
                 was
                 a
                 great
                 comfort
                 and
                 asswagement
                 of
                 the
                 Misfortunes
                 and
                 Calamities
                 of
                 distressed
                 Mithridates
                 :
                 For
                 with
                 his
                 Court
                 and
                 Family
                 he
                 seem'd
                 to
                 wander
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 h●s
                 Wife
                 only
                 to
                 live
                 in
                 Exile
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 But
                 why
                 should
                 I
                 rummage
                 Asia
                 ,
                 why
                 the
                 immense
                 Solitudes
                 of
                 Barbarous
                 Countries
                 ,
                 why
                 the
                 lurking
                 Holes
                 of
                 the
                 Pontic
                 Sea
                 ?
                 When
                 Lacedemon
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 splendid
                 glory
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 lays
                 before
                 our
                 eyes
                 a
                 principal
                 Exemplar
                 of
                 
                   Conjugal
                   Fidelity
                
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 compared
                 for
                 the
                 wonder
                 of
                 the
                 action
                 with
                 the
                 most
                 and
                 greatest
                 Miracles
                 of
                 that
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 The
                 Minyans
                 setled
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 Lemnos
                 ,
                 and
                 drawing
                 their
                 Original
                 from
                 the
                 antient
                 Companions
                 of
                 Iason
                 ,
                 through
                 success
                 of
                 time
                 expell'd
                 by
                 the
                 Pelasgi
                 ,
                 wanting
                 the
                 wealth
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 seated
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 high
                 Taygetan
                 Mountains
                 :
                 whom
                 at
                 length
                 the
                 Spartans
                 entertained
                 ,
                 as
                 descended
                 from
                 the
                 Tyndaridae
                 ,
                 which
                 noble
                 pair
                 of
                 Brothers
                 had
                 displayed
                 their
                 splendour
                 in
                 that
                 renowned
                 Ship
                 translated
                 to
                 the
                 Stars
                 ;
                 and
                 thus
                 mingled
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 enjoyed
                 the
                 same
                 Laws
                 and
                 Priviledges
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 good
                 turn
                 they
                 turned
                 to
                 the
                 injury
                 of
                 the
                 well
                 deserving
                 City
                 ,
                 affecting
                 the
                 Kingdome
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 committed
                 to
                 the
                 publick
                 Prison
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 reserv'd
                 for
                 publick
                 punishment
                 .
                 Which
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 to
                 suffer
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Custome
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedaemonian●
                 in
                 the
                 Night-time
                 ,
                 
                 their
                 Wives
                 ,
                 of
                 noble
                 Race
                 ,
                 desiring
                 leave
                 of
                 the
                 Keepers
                 to
                 take
                 leave
                 of
                 their
                 dying
                 Husbands
                 ,
                 entred
                 the
                 Prison
                 ,
                 and
                 changing
                 their
                 Habits
                 ,
                 gave
                 their
                 Husbands
                 liberty
                 ,
                 having
                 covered
                 their
                 Faces
                 under
                 pretenc
                 of
                 sorrow
                 ,
                 to
                 depart
                 .
                 Now
                 what
                 shall
                 I
                 adde
                 more
                 in
                 this
                 place
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 the●
                 were
                 Wives
                 worthy
                 for
                 the
                 Minyans
                 to
                 marry
                 ?
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               VII
               .
               Of
               the
               Bond
               of
               Friendship
               .
            
             
               
                 Among
                 the
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 T.
                 Sempronius
                 Gracchus
                 with
                 C.
                 Blosius
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Sempronius
                 Gracchus
                 with
                 Pomponius
                 and
                 Lucretius
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Lucius
                 Rheginus
                 with
                 Servilius
                 Caepio
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 T.
                 Volumnius
                 with
                 M.
                 Lucullus
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Lucius
                 Petronius
                 with
                 P.
                 Caelius
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Servius
                 Terentius
                 with
                 D.
                 Brutus
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 C.
                 Laelius
                 with
                 Scipio
                 ,
                 and
                 M.
                 Agrippa
                 with
                 Augustus
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAINERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Damon
                 and
                 Pythias
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Alexander
                 
                   the
                   Great
                   with
                
                 Ephestion
                 .
              
            
             
               LEt
               us
               now
               consider
               the
               Bond
               of
               Friendship
               ,
               potent
               and
               mighty
               ,
               and
               no
               way
               inferiour
               to
               the
               strength
               and
               force
               of
               the
               Blood.
               In
               this
               more
               certain
               and
               demonstrable
               ,
               that
               this
               the
               chance
               of
               birth
               a
               for●uitous
               work
               produces
               ;
               the
               other
               the
               uncompell'd
               Will
               contracts
               ,
               upon
               grounds
               and
               reasons
               of
               solid
               judgment
               ,
               And
               therefore
               it
               is
               an
               easier
               thing
               ,
               and
               less
               subject
               to
               reprehension
               ,
               to
               slight
               a
               Kinsman
               than
               a
               Friend
               .
               For
               the
               one
               betokens
               a
               wicked
               ingratefull
               disposition
               ,
               the
               
               other
               only
               a
               levity
               of
               minde
               .
               For
               when
               the
               life
               of
               man
               lies
               as
               it
               were
               in
               a
               solitude
               ,
               without
               the
               guard
               of
               Friendship
               ,
               so
               necessary
               an
               assistance
               ought
               not
               unadvisedly
               to
               be
               chosen
               ,
               but
               being
               once
               approved
               ,
               ought
               not
               in
               any
               measure
               to
               be
               despised
               .
               But
               the
               most
               sincere
               Friendship
               always
               appears
               in
               Adversity
               ;
               where
               whatever
               good
               offices
               are
               performed
               ,
               proceed
               from
               a
               constant
               kindness
               and
               affection
               .
               The
               adoration
               of
               Felicity
               ,
               being
               to
               be
               attributed
               more
               to
               Flattery
               than
               Love
               ,
               is
               full
               of
               Suspicion
               ,
               and
               still
               desires
               more
               than
               it
               expends
               .
               For
               men
               of
               unshaken
               fortunes
               more
               desire
               friends
               ,
               either
               for
               a
               guard
               ,
               or
               for
               their
               society
               .
               For
               affairs
               that
               go
               well
               and
               prosperously
               ,
               as
               being
               favour'd
               with
               heavenly
               Success
               ,
               have
               the
               less
               need
               of
               other
               assistance
               .
               And
               therefore
               their
               Memories
               have
               lasted
               longer
               in
               the
               Book
               of
               M●moires
               ,
               who
               have
               deserted
               their
               Friends
               in
               Adversity
               ,
               than
               their●
               who
               have
               only
               been
               the
               Companions
               of
               Prosperity
               .
               No
               man
               talks
               of
               the
               familiars
               of
               
                 Sardanapalus
                 .
                 Orestes
              
               is
               better
               known
               by
               his
               friend
               Pylades
               ,
               than
               by
               Agamemnon
               his
               Father
               .
               For
               the
               Friendship
               of
               the
               one
               consum'd
               away
               in
               the
               participation
               of
               Luxury
               and
               Delight
               ;
               but
               the
               mutual
               Society
               of
               the
               other
               ,
               in
               a
               sad
               and
               hard
               condition
               ,
               grew
               famous
               by
               the
               trial
               of
               their
               Miseries
               .
               But
               why
               do
               I
               mention
               Forreigners
               ,
               having
               first
               to
               do
               with
               our
               own
               Countrymen
               ?
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 T.
                 Gracchus
              
               was
               esteem'd
               to
               have
               been
               an
               Enemy
               to
               his
               Countrey
               ▪
               and
               not
               undeservedly
               ;
               because
               he
               preferr'd
               his
               own
               Authority
               before
               the
               Welfare
               thereof
               .
               Yet
               in
               this
               evil
               designe
               of
               his
               ,
               how
               faithful
               a
               Friend
               he
               had
               of
               
                 C.
                 Blosius
              
               of
               Cumae
               ,
               will
               be
               worth
               our
               while
               to
               relate
               .
               An
               adjudged
               Enemy
               ,
               suffering
               the
               highest
               Punishment
               ,
               not
               permitted
               the
               honour
               of
               Burial
               ,
               wanted
               not
               however
               his
               kindness
               .
               For
               when
               the
               Senate
               commanded
               Rupilius
               and
               Laenax
               the
               Consuls
               to
               proceed
               against
               all
               those
               that
               had
               been
               partakers
               
               with
               Gracchus
               ,
               and
               that
               Blosius
               presented
               himself
               before
               Laelius
               ,
               to
               beg
               pardon
               for
               himself
               ,
               urging
               his
               familiarity
               with
               Gracchus
               for
               an
               e●cuse
               ;
               when
               Laeli●●
               demanded
               of
               him
               ,
               whether
               if
               Gracchus
               had
               comma●ded
               him
               to
               set
               fire
               on
               the
               Temple
               of
               Iupiter
               ,
               would
               he
               have
               done
               it
               ?
               That
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               Gracchus
               had
               never
               commanded
               :
               He
               had
               done
               enough
               and
               more
               ,
               for
               he
               ventur'd
               to
               defend
               those
               Customes
               which
               the
               Senate
               condemn'd
               .
               But
               that
               which
               follows
               was
               much
               more
               confident
               and
               more
               dangerous
               ;
               for
               being
               still
               prest
               by
               Laelius
               to
               make
               an
               answer
               to
               his
               question
               ,
               he
               resolutely
               persisted
               ,
               affirming
               ,
               that
               if
               Gracchus
               had
               commanded
               him
               to
               burn
               the
               Temple
               ,
               he
               would
               have
               done
               it
               .
               Who
               could
               have
               thought
               he
               had
               been
               so
               wicked
               ,
               had
               he
               held
               his
               peace
               ?
               Who
               would
               not
               have
               accounted
               him
               wise
               ,
               had
               he
               been
               less
               free
               in
               his
               speech
               ,
               considering
               the
               necessity
               of
               the
               time
               ?
               But
               Blosius
               neither
               with
               an
               honest
               Silence
               ,
               nor
               with
               a
               prudent
               Answer
               cared
               to
               preserve
               himself
               ,
               lest
               he
               should
               be
               thought
               to
               have
               silenced
               the
               memory
               of
               his
               unhappy
               Friendship
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               In
               the
               same
               Family
               equ●lly
               prevalent
               Examples
               of
               Friendship
               arise
               .
               For
               when
               all
               the
               Designe●
               and
               Counsels
               of
               Gracchus
               were
               utterly
               defeated
               and
               all
               his
               Conspiracy
               brought
               to
               light
               ;
               being
               deserted
               of
               all
               assistance
               ,
               only
               his
               two
               friends
               Pomponius
               and
               Laetori●●
               ,
               by
               interposing
               their
               own
               bodies
               ,
               covered
               him
               ●rom
               the
               Darts
               that
               fel●
               round
               about
               him
               .
               And
               of
               these
               two
               ,
               Pomponius
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               more
               easily
               escape
               ,
               withstood
               a
               whole
               body
               of
               Souldiers
               that
               eagerly
               pu●sued
               him
               at
               the
               
                 thrice-double
                 Gate
              
               ;
               nor
               could
               he
               be
               moved
               w●ile
               he
               lived
               ,
               till
               at
               length
               having
               received
               many
               Wounds
               ,
               he
               fell
               ,
               and
               (
               ●hough
               I
               am
               apt
               to
               believ●
               unwillingly
               )
               was
               forced
               to
               permit
               them
               passage
               ov●r
               his
               dead
               Carcal●
               .
               Laetorius
               made
               a
               stand
               upon
               the
               Sublician
               Bridge
               ,
               and
               ●ill
               Gracchus
               was
               pass'd
               over
               maintain'd
               
               it
               with
               the
               heat
               of
               his
               Courage
               ,
               till
               at
               length
               overpowr'd
               with
               the
               multitude
               ,
               turning
               his
               sword
               upon
               himself
               ,
               he
               made
               a
               nimble
               jump
               into
               Tiber
               ,
               and
               so
               perisht
               ,
               shewing
               that
               kindness
               to
               the
               friendship
               of
               on●
               person
               by
               his
               voluntary
               death
               ,
               which
               
                 Horatius
                 Cocles
              
               ,
               in
               the
               same
               place
               ,
               had
               shewn
               to
               his
               whole
               Country
               .
               What
               renowned
               Souldiers
               might
               the
               Gracchi
               have
               had
               ,
               would
               they
               have
               followed
               the
               courses
               which
               their
               Fathers
               or
               Mothers
               Father
               had
               done
               ?
               With
               what
               a
               couragious
               fury
               might
               
                 Blosius
                 ,
                 Pomponius
              
               and
               Laetorius
               have
               assisted
               them
               in
               the
               gaining
               Trophies
               and
               Triumphs
               ,
               the
               stout
               Associates
               of
               such
               furious
               enterprizes
               !
               and
               taking
               part
               with
               an
               inauspicious
               friendship
               ▪
               but
               by
               how
               much
               the
               more
               miserable
               ,
               by
               so
               much
               are
               they
               the
               more
               certain
               examples
               of
               a
               generous
               fidelity
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               But
               
                 L.
                 Rheginus
              
               ,
               if
               you
               examine
               him
               as
               to
               his
               sincerity
               due
               to
               the
               publick
               ,
               was
               much
               to
               be
               blam'd
               by
               Posterity
               ;
               If
               you
               look
               upon
               the
               faithful
               pledg
               of
               his
               fidelity
               ,
               we
               are
               to
               leave
               him
               in
               the
               safe
               harbour
               of
               an
               applauded
               Conscience
               .
               Who
               when
               Caepio
               Tribune
               of
               the
               people
               was
               thrown
               into
               Prison
               ,
               by
               reason
               that
               through
               his
               fault
               our
               Army
               was
               d●feated
               by
               the
               Cimbrians
               and
               Teutons
               ,
               remembring
               the
               ancient
               friendship
               between
               them
               ,
               set
               him
               at
               liberty
               ;
               and
               not
               content
               to
               have
               shewn
               himself
               so
               much
               a
               friend
               ,
               accompanied
               him
               also
               in
               his
               flight
               .
               O
               great
               and
               most
               invincible
               Numen
               friendship
               ;
               when
               the
               Common-wealth
               had
               seiz'd
               with
               one
               hand
               ,
               to
               pull
               him
               out
               of
               the
               other
               with
               thy
               own
               arm
               !
               and
               when
               she
               requires
               thee
               to
               be
               real
               ,
               thou
               confin'st
               thy self
               to
               banishment
               .
               So
               gentle
               is
               thy
               Dominion
               ,
               to
               make
               men
               prefer
               punishment
               before
               honour
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               Wonderful
               was
               this
               thy
               work
               ,
               but
               more
               praise-worthy
               that
               which
               follows
               .
               For
               call
               to
               mind
               ,
               how
               thou
               hast
               celebrated
               the
               constant
               love
               of
               
                 T.
                 Volumnius
              
               to
               his
               friend
               without
               any
               dammage
               to
               the
               Common-wealth
               ;
               
               who
               being
               by
               descent
               of
               the
               order
               of
               Knighthood
               ,
               and
               having
               an
               entire
               kindness
               for
               
                 M.
                 Lucullus
              
               ,
               whom
               
                 M.
                 Antony
              
               slew
               for
               taking
               part
               with
               Brutus
               and
               Cassius
               ,
               having
               full
               Liberty
               to
               fly
               ,
               he
               stuck
               close
               to
               his
               dead
               friend
               ;
               giving
               himself
               so
               much
               over
               to
               tears
               and
               Lamentations
               ,
               that
               by
               his
               extream
               Devotion
               to
               his
               friend
               ,
               he
               was
               the
               cause
               of
               his
               own
               death
               .
               For
               by
               reason
               of
               his
               continued
               and
               constant
               sorrow
               ,
               he
               was
               carried
               before
               Antony
               :
               and
               standing
               before
               him
               ,
               
                 Command
                 me
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 O
                 Emperour
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 carried
                 back
                 to
                 the
                 body
                 of
              
               Lucullus
               ,
               
                 and
                 there
                 slain
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 being
                 dead
                 ,
                 I
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 stay
                 behind
                 ,
                 being
                 my self
                 the
                 Author
                 of
                 his
                 unhappy
                 going
                 to
                 war.
              
               What
               more
               faithful
               than
               so
               much
               love
               ▪
               He
               sought
               to
               ease
               his
               sorrow
               for
               his
               fri●nds
               death
               ,
               by
               the
               hatred
               of
               his
               Enemy
               ;
               to
               render
               him
               more
               miserable
               ,
               making
               himself
               more
               envy'd
               .
               Nor
               were
               Antonies
               Ears
               shut
               :
               for
               being
               led
               where
               he
               desired
               ,
               having
               kiss'd
               the
               dead
               body
               of
               Lucullus
               ,
               and
               ●mbrac'd
               his
               sever'd
               head
               ,
               being
               lifted
               up
               to
               his
               breast
               ,
               he
               laid
               down
               his
               own
               neck
               to
               receive
               the
               Victors
               blow
               .
               Let
               Greece
               now
               boast
               of
               Theseus
               yielding
               to
               the
               unlawful
               love
               of
               Pirithous
               ,
               and
               for
               his
               sake
               entring
               into
               the
               Dominions
               of
               Father
               Dis.
               Th●y
               are
               vain
               that
               relate
               it
               ,
               fools
               that
               believe
               it
               .
               To
               see
               the
               mingled
               blo●d
               of
               friends
               ,
               wounds
               sticking
               upon
               wounds
               ;
               and
               death
               sticking
               upon
               death
               ,
               these
               are
               the
               true
               signs
               of
               Roman
               friendship
               ;
               those
               ,
               the
               stories
               of
               a
               people
               accust●med
               to
               fain
               ridiculous
               wonders
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               
                 L.
                 Petronius
              
               also
               claims
               to
               be
               a
               par●aker
               in
               this
               praise
               .
               He
               by
               the
               favour
               of
               Caelius
               ,
               being
               of
               a
               very
               mean
               Extraction
               ,
               came
               to
               be
               advanc'd
               into
               the
               ord●r
               of
               Knights
               ,
               and
               had
               very
               considerable
               military
               imployments
               beside
               .
               For
               which
               ,
               because
               he
               could
               not
               pay
               his
               thanks
               when
               Caelius
               was
               in
               prosperity
               ,
               he
               shew'd
               himself
               nobly
               grateful
               to
               him
               in
               his
               adversity
               .
               Caelius
               was
               made
               Governour
               of
               Placentia
               ,
               by
               Octavius
               t●e
               
               Consul
               :
               Who
               after
               the
               Town
               was
               taken
               by
               
               Cinna's
               Army
               ,
               being
               old
               and
               sickly
               ,
               and
               fearing
               to
               fall
               into
               the
               hands
               of
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               resolved
               to
               dye
               by
               
               Petronius's
               hand
               ;
               who
               finding
               that
               he
               could
               by
               no
               perswasions
               change
               his
               resolution
               ,
               according
               to
               his
               desire
               kill'd
               him
               first
               ,
               and
               then
               joyned
               his
               own
               death
               to
               his
               ;
               that
               he
               might
               not
               supervive
               him
               ,
               by
               whom
               he
               had
               attained
               to
               all
               his
               Honour
               .
               So
               that
               Magnanimity
               occasioned
               the
               D●ath
               of
               the
               one
               ,
               Piety
               the
               Fall
               of
               the
               other
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               We
               are
               to
               joyn
               
                 Ser.
                 Terentius
              
               with
               Petronius
               ,
               though
               it
               fell
               out
               that
               he
               did
               not
               dye
               for
               his
               friend
               ,
               as
               was
               his
               desire
               .
               For
               a
               noble
               Int●ntion
               is
               not
               to
               be
               valued
               by
               the
               issueless
               Event
               .
               For
               he
               was
               slain
               as
               much
               as
               in
               him
               lay
               ,
               and
               Brutus
               escaped
               the
               danger
               ;
               who
               flying
               from
               Mutin●
               ,
               and
               receiving
               intelligence
               of
               certain
               Souldiers
               sent
               by
               Antonius
               to
               kill
               him
               ,
               endeavoured
               in
               a
               certain
               place
               ,
               by
               the
               benefit
               of
               the
               Night
               ,
               to
               steal
               that
               Life
               of
               his
               which
               deserv●d
               just
               Punishment
               .
               There
               Terentius
               assayling
               to
               break
               through
               with
               a
               fai●hful
               Lye
               ,
               favoured
               by
               Darkness
               it self
               ,
               feigned
               himself
               to
               be
               Brutus
               ,
               offering
               his
               Body
               to
               the
               ●ury
               of
               the
               Souldiers
               .
               But
               b●ing
               known
               by
               Furius
               ,
               whose
               charge
               it
               was
               to
               execute
               the
               office
               of
               revenge
               ,
               he
               could
               not
               hinder
               the
               punishment
               of
               his
               friend
               by
               his
               own
               death
               .
               So
               that
               against
               his
               will
               he
               was
               compell'd
               by
               fortune
               to
               live
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               From
               this
               dreadful
               and
               horrid
               face
               of
               Friendship
               ,
               let
               us
               digress
               to
               the
               more
               s●rene
               and
               placid
               countenance
               of
               Affection
               .
               And
               having
               brought
               it
               forth
               where
               all
               things
               are
               full
               of
               Tears
               ,
               Lamentation
               and
               Slaughter
               ,
               let
               us
               place
               it
               in
               the
               Palace
               of
               Prosperity
               ,
               shining
               with
               Beauty
               ,
               Honour
               ,
               and
               abounding
               Wealth
               .
               Come
               forth
               therefore
               from
               those
               Seats
               that
               are
               believed
               to
               be
               consecrated
               to
               the
               Shades
               of
               the
               Bless●d
               ,
               here
               
                 Decimus
                 Lelius
              
               ,
               there
               
                 M.
                 Agrippa
              
               ,
               having
               wisely
               and
               prosperously
               chosen
               the
               one
               the
               greatest
               
               Friend
               of
               the
               Gods
               ,
               the
               other
               of
               Men
               ;
               and
               bring
               along
               with
               thee
               the
               whole
               Society
               ,
               which
               under
               your
               Conduct
               ,
               laden
               with
               Praises
               and
               Rewards
               ,
               receive
               the
               venerable
               Stipends
               of
               sincere
               Fidelity
               :
               For
               succeeding
               Ages
               beholding
               your
               constant
               Minds
               ,
               your
               stout
               Enterprises
               ,
               your
               inexpugnable
               Taciturnity
               ,
               your
               diligent
               and
               watchful
               care
               for
               the
               dignity
               and
               safety
               of
               your
               Friends
               ,
               the
               publick
               testimonies
               of
               your
               mutual
               Love
               ;
               and
               lastly
               ,
               the
               most
               plentiful
               fruits
               thereof
               ,
               the
               more
               willingly
               ,
               the
               more
               religiously
               shall
               be
               busied
               in
               exercising
               and
               admiring
               the
               Laws
               of
               Friendship
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 My
                 desire
                 is
                 to
                 continue
                 still
                 in
                 the
                 Examples
                 of
                 my
                 Native
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 candor
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 City
                 admonishes
                 me
                 to
                 relate
                 the
                 Gallantry
                 of
                 other
                 Nations
                 .
                 Damon
                 and
                 Pythias
                 ,
                 instructed
                 in
                 the
                 sacred
                 Secrets
                 of
                 Pythagorean
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 had
                 contracted
                 such
                 a
                 faithful
                 Friendship
                 between
                 themselves
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 Dionysius
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 would
                 have
                 put
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 that
                 was
                 so
                 suffer
                 had
                 got
                 leave
                 to
                 go
                 home
                 to
                 his
                 house
                 ,
                 to
                 settle
                 his
                 affairs
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 was
                 not
                 afraid
                 to
                 be
                 Surety
                 to
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 for
                 his
                 return
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 now
                 he
                 was
                 free
                 from
                 the
                 peril
                 of
                 Death
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 his
                 Neck
                 but
                 now
                 under
                 the
                 Axe
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 is
                 now
                 in
                 danger
                 ,
                 that
                 was
                 free
                 before
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 all
                 people
                 waited
                 the
                 event
                 of
                 an
                 accident
                 so
                 new
                 and
                 rare
                 .
                 The
                 day
                 prefix'd
                 being
                 come
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 party
                 not
                 returning
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 every
                 one
                 condemning
                 him
                 of
                 folly
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 so
                 rashly
                 undertaken
                 for
                 the
                 other
                 ;
                 though
                 he
                 remain'd
                 certain
                 of
                 the
                 Fidelity
                 of
                 his
                 Friend
                 :
                 At
                 the
                 very
                 Hour
                 and
                 Moment
                 which
                 Dionysius
                 prefixed
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 appeared
                 .
                 The
                 Tyrant
                 admiring
                 the
                 Cour●ge
                 of
                 both
                 ,
                 gave
                 a
                 full
                 
                 pardon
                 to
                 so
                 much
                 Fidelity
                 ;
                 farther
                 desiring
                 them
                 to
                 receive
                 him
                 into
                 the
                 Society
                 of
                 their
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 promising
                 a
                 most
                 strict
                 observance
                 thereof
                 .
                 Such
                 is
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 to
                 beget
                 contempt
                 of
                 Death
                 ,
                 take
                 away
                 the
                 sweet
                 desire
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 tame
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 turn
                 Hatred
                 into
                 Love
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 reward
                 Punishment
                 with
                 Kindness
                 :
                 to
                 which
                 there
                 is
                 almost
                 as
                 much
                 worship
                 due
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Ceremonies
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
                 For
                 they
                 are
                 the
                 Links
                 of
                 publick
                 ,
                 this
                 of
                 private
                 Safety
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 the
                 Temples
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 are
                 sacred
                 Houses
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 faithful
                 Breasts
                 of
                 men
                 are
                 Temples
                 fill'd
                 with
                 a
                 certain
                 holy
                 Spirit
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Which
                 King
                 Alexander
                 certainly
                 believed
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 truth
                 .
                 Who
                 being
                 possess'd
                 of
                 the
                 Camp
                 of
                 Darius
                 ,
                 where
                 all
                 his
                 Relations
                 and
                 Kindred
                 were
                 ,
                 he
                 came
                 with
                 Ephestion
                 most
                 of
                 all
                 belov'd
                 by
                 him
                 covering
                 his
                 side
                 ,
                 to
                 speak
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 At
                 whose
                 approach
                 the
                 Mother
                 of
                 Darius
                 taking
                 heart
                 ,
                 lifting
                 up
                 her
                 Head
                 as
                 she
                 lay
                 prostrate
                 upon
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 saluted
                 Ephestion
                 ,
                 flattering
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 mistaking
                 him
                 for
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 more
                 amiable
                 for
                 his
                 Stature
                 and
                 Beauty
                 .
                 But
                 being
                 made
                 sensible
                 of
                 her
                 errour
                 ,
                 in
                 great
                 fear
                 she
                 sought
                 for
                 words
                 to
                 excuse
                 it
                 .
                 
                   There
                   is
                   no
                   reason
                
                 ,
                 replyed
                 
                   Alexander
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   troubled
                   for
                   this
                   ,
                   for
                   this
                   is
                   another
                
                 Alexander
                 also
                 .
                 Whom
                 shall
                 we
                 congratulate
                 ?
                 him
                 that
                 said
                 it
                 ,
                 or
                 him
                 that
                 heard
                 it
                 ?
                 While
                 the
                 King
                 endued
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Soul
                 ,
                 having
                 already
                 grasp'd
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 his
                 Victories
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 his
                 thoughts
                 ,
                 in
                 so
                 few
                 words
                 made
                 so
                 equal
                 a
                 division
                 of
                 it
                 to
                 his
                 Companion
                 .
                 O
                 the
                 Gift
                 of
                 a
                 Royal
                 Tongue
                 ,
                 as
                 fair
                 to
                 the
                 Receiver
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Giver
                 !
                 Which
                 I
                 reverence
                 as
                 a
                 private
                 man
                 ,
                 having
                 had
                 the
                 experience
                 of
                 the
                 Bounty
                 of
                 a
                 most
                 wise
                 and
                 renowned
                 person
                 toward
                 my self
                 .
                 And
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 doubt
                 but
                 it
                 may
                 become
                 me
                 to
                 think
                 my
                 Pompey
                 to
                 be
                 like
                 Alexander
                 ;
                 while
                 he
                 will
                 have
                 
                 his
                 Ephestion
                 to
                 be
                 another
                 Alexander
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 I
                 should
                 be
                 lyable
                 to
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 errour
                 ,
                 to
                 pass
                 over
                 the
                 Example
                 of
                 constant
                 and
                 kind
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 mention
                 of
                 him
                 :
                 in
                 whose
                 minde
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 breast
                 of
                 most
                 loving
                 Parents
                 ,
                 my
                 prosperous
                 condition
                 of
                 Life
                 hath
                 flourish'd
                 my
                 Misfortunes
                 have
                 remain'd
                 contented
                 .
                 From
                 whom
                 I
                 have
                 received
                 all
                 increase
                 of
                 profit
                 freely
                 offer'd
                 ;
                 by
                 whom
                 I
                 have
                 stood
                 more
                 firmly
                 against
                 mishap
                 ;
                 who
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 prosperous
                 Conduct
                 and
                 good
                 Omens
                 ,
                 hath
                 render'd
                 our
                 Studies
                 more
                 pleasant
                 and
                 delightful
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 I
                 fed
                 the
                 envy
                 of
                 some
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 my
                 best
                 friend
                 ,
                 dividing
                 my
                 kindness
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 ,
                 to
                 some
                 that
                 knew
                 not
                 how
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 But
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Prosperity
                 so
                 modest
                 ,
                 that
                 can
                 escape
                 the
                 teeth
                 of
                 Envy
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 what
                 retirement
                 are
                 some
                 to
                 be
                 avoided
                 ,
                 with
                 what
                 allurements
                 of
                 kindness
                 canst
                 thou
                 restrain
                 their
                 inveteracy
                 ?
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 remedy
                 but
                 they
                 will
                 rejoyce
                 and
                 be
                 tickled
                 at
                 the
                 misfortunes
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 at
                 their
                 own
                 good
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 rich
                 in
                 the
                 Losses
                 ,
                 wealthy
                 in
                 the
                 Calamities
                 ,
                 immortal
                 in
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 other
                 men
                 .
                 But
                 while
                 they
                 insult
                 over
                 the
                 miseries
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 unexperienced
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 let
                 them
                 have
                 a
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 revenger
                 of
                 their
                 Insolency
                 ,
                 the
                 Variety
                 of
                 Human
                 Condition
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VIII
               .
               Of
               Liberality
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Q.
                 Fabius
                 Maximus
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Paula
                 Busa
                 of
                 Canusium
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Q.
                 Considius
                 a
                 Roman
                 Knight
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   The
                   People
                   of
                
                 Rome
                 
                   to
                   King
                
                 Attalus
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 
                   The
                   People
                   of
                
                 Rome
                 
                   to
                   the
                
                 Greeks
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Hiero
                 
                   King
                   of
                
                 Sicily
                 
                   to
                   the
                
                 Romans
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Gillias
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 
                   to
                   his
                   fellow-Citizens
                
                 .
              
            
             
               LEt
               us
               recal
               our
               work
               ,
               that
               had
               straid
               in
               a
               pious
               Digression
               ,
               in
               exposing
               our
               own
               discontents
               ,
               to
               its
               former
               course
               ,
               and
               now
               take
               Liberality
               into
               consideration
               ;
               which
               hath
               two
               probable
               Fountains
               ,
               true
               Judgment
               ,
               and
               honest
               Benevolence
               .
               For
               when
               it
               springs
               from
               these
               ,
               then
               only
               is
               it
               duely
               founded
               :
               A
               Gift
               being
               acceptable
               for
               its
               greatness
               ,
               but
               somewhat
               more
               efficacious
               ,
               when
               it
               is
               seasonable
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               Beyond
               the
               price
               of
               the
               thing
               ,
               we
               find
               a
               most
               inestimable
               moment
               of
               an
               opportunity
               ,
               which
               with
               the
               expence
               of
               a
               small
               sum
               of
               Money
               rendr'd
               
                 Fabius
                 Maximus
              
               highly
               applauded
               so
               many
               Ages
               since
               .
               He
               had
               received
               the
               Captives
               from
               Hannibal
               ,
               upon
               a
               Contract
               for
               so
               much
               Money
               .
               Which
               when
               the
               Senate
               would
               not
               stand
               to
               ,
               sending
               his
               Son
               to
               the
               City
               ,
               he
               sold
               the
               only
               Farm
               which
               he
               had
               in
               the
               world
               ,
               and
               presently
               sent
               Hannibal
               the
               Money
               .
               If
               we
               consider
               the
               Sum
               ,
               but
               small
               ,
               as
               being
               the
               price
               but
               of
               seven
               Acres
               of
               Land
               ,
               and
               those
               lying
               in
               Pupinia
               ;
               but
               considering
               the
               Soul
               of
               the
               Giver
               ,
               a
               most
               large
               sum
               ,
               and
               
               far
               exceeding
               the
               Money
               .
               For
               he
               would
               rather
               want
               his
               Patrimony
               ,
               than
               that
               his
               Countrey
               should
               be
               poor
               in
               Credit
               .
               So
               much
               the
               more
               to
               be
               commended
               ,
               as
               it
               is
               a
               more
               certain
               signe
               of
               a
               real
               meaning
               ,
               to
               stretch
               beyond
               ability
               ,
               rather
               than
               to
               do
               the
               same
               act
               out
               of
               superfluity
               .
               For
               the
               one
               can
               do
               what
               he
               performs
               ,
               the
               other
               more
               than
               he
               is
               able
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Therefore
               a
               Woman
               of
               the
               same
               time
               ,
               Busa
               by
               name
               ,
               the
               richest
               in
               the
               Countrey
               of
               Apulia
               ,
               won
               her self
               an
               ample
               testimony
               of
               Liberality
               ;
               though
               perhaps
               not
               so
               great
               ,
               if
               we
               compare
               her
               flowing
               Riches
               to
               the
               Poverty
               of
               the
               Fabians
               .
               For
               though
               she
               relieved
               about
               Ten
               Thousand
               of
               our
               Citizens
               ,
               the
               remains
               of
               the
               Battle
               of
               Cannae
               ,
               within
               the
               Walls
               of
               Canusium
               ,
               yet
               she
               shewed
               her self
               munificent
               to
               the
               Romans
               ,
               without
               prejudice
               to
               her
               Estate
               .
               But
               Fabius
               for
               the
               good
               of
               his
               Countrey
               exchang'd
               Poverty
               for
               Want.
               
            
             
               3.
               
               We
               finde
               also
               in
               
                 Quinctus
                 Considius
              
               a
               most
               wholesome
               Example
               of
               Liberality
               ,
               not
               without
               some
               profit
               to
               himself
               .
               Who
               when
               the
               Fury
               of
               Catiline
               had
               put
               all
               the
               Commonwealth
               into
               such
               a
               tumult
               ,
               tha●
               the
               Rich
               themselves
               ,
               the
               Rents
               of
               Possessions
               falling
               ,
               were
               not
               able
               to
               pay
               their
               Creditors
               ;
               he
               having
               the
               Sum
               of
               one
               Hundred
               and
               Fifty
               Thousand
               Sesterces
               at
               use
               ,
               would
               not
               suffer
               any
               of
               his
               Debtors
               to
               be
               call'd
               upon
               ,
               either
               for
               Principal
               or
               Interest
               :
               and
               as
               much
               as
               in
               him
               lay
               ,
               sweetned
               the
               bitterness
               of
               publick
               Confusion
               by
               his
               own
               private
               Quiet
               :
               opportunely
               testifying
               ,
               that
               he
               made
               profit
               only
               of
               his
               Money
               ,
               not
               of
               Civil
               Blood.
               Now
               they
               who
               act
               with
               rigour
               in
               business
               of
               this
               nature
               ,
               when
               they
               carry
               bloody
               Money
               home
               ,
               may
               hence
               learn
               to
               know
               ,
               with
               what
               '
               an
               accursed
               and
               impious
               joy
               they
               rejoyce
               ,
               if
               they
               do
               not
               loath
               to
               read
               the
               Decree
               of
               the
               Senate
               ,
               which
               gave
               Considius
               publick
               thanks
               .
            
             
             
               4.
               
               Methinks
               the
               People
               of
               Rome
               seem
               to
               complain
               of
               me
               ,
               that
               while
               I
               am
               reporting
               the
               Munificence
               of
               particular
               persons
               ,
               I
               am
               silent
               of
               theirs
               :
               For
               it
               redounds
               to
               their
               great
               praise
               ,
               that
               it
               should
               be
               reported
               ,
               what
               noble
               minds
               they
               have
               born
               to
               Kings
               ,
               Cities
               and
               Countries
               :
               For
               the
               glory
               of
               all
               renowned
               acts
               flourishes
               and
               revives
               by
               often
               rehearsal
               .
               After
               they
               had
               conquer'd
               Asia
               ,
               they
               g●ve
               it
               as
               a
               Gift
               to
               King
               Attalus
               to
               possess
               ;
               believing
               the
               future
               Empire
               of
               our
               City
               would
               be
               more
               high
               and
               splendid
               ,
               if
               they
               should
               lay
               up
               the
               richest
               part
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               rather
               in
               the
               Treasury
               of
               their
               Gratitude
               than
               Profi●
               .
               A
               Gift
               more
               happy
               than
               the
               Victory
               it self
               .
               For
               to
               have
               possess'd
               much
               ,
               m●ght
               pr●cure
               Envy
               ;
               to
               have
               given
               away
               so
               much
               ,
               could
               never
               want
               a
               glorious
               esteem
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               It
               is
               impossible
               ●o
               praise
               sufficiently
               in
               writing
               th●
               divine
               spirit
               of
               the
               Roman
               People
               .
               For
               a●ter
               Philip
               King
               of
               Macedon
               was
               vanquish'd
               ,
               when
               all
               Greece
               flock'd
               to
               behold
               the
               Isthmian
               Games
               ,
               
                 T.
                 Quinctus
                 Flaminius
              
               ,
               having
               caus'd
               silence
               to
               be
               made
               by
               sound
               of
               Trumpet
               ,
               commanded
               a
               Crier
               to
               proclaim
               these
               words
               :
               
                 The
                 Senate
                 and
                 People
                 of
              
               Rome
               ,
               and
               Q.
               Flamin●us
               
                 their
                 General
                 ,
                 command
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
              
               Greece
               ,
               
                 that
                 were
                 under
                 the
                 Iurisdiction
                 of
                 King
              
               Philip
               ,
               
                 to
                 be
                 free
              
               .
               Which
               being
               heard
               ,
               the
               People
               were
               at
               first
               struck
               with
               a
               sudden
               unexpected
               joy
               ,
               and
               ,
               not
               believing
               what
               they
               had
               heard
               ,
               were
               for
               a
               while
               silent
               .
               But
               upon
               the
               second
               Proclamation
               of
               the
               Crier
               ,
               they
               fill'd
               the
               Skie
               with
               such
               a
               che●rful
               din
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               certainly
               reported
               ,
               that
               the
               Birds
               ,
               which
               at
               that
               instant
               were
               flying
               that
               way
               ,
               f●ll
               down
               amaz'd
               and
               ●errifi●d
               with
               the
               noise
               .
               They
               had
               great
               Souls
               ,
               to
               take
               off
               the
               yoke
               of
               Servitud●
               from
               the
               necks
               of
               so
               many
               Capt●●es
               ,
               and
               to
               give
               Liberty
               to
               so
               many
               noble
               and
               opulent
               Cities
               .
               To
               whose
               Majesty
               it
               belongs
               ,
               t●at
               not
               onely
               what
               they
               fre●ly
               give
               ,
               but
               
               also
               their
               giving
               of
               it
               ,
               be
               memorably
               eterniz'd
               .
               There
               being
               the
               celebration
               of
               gain'd
               applause
               ,
               here
               of
               applause
               repeated
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Hiero
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 overthrow
                 which
                 the
                 Romans
                 receiv'd
                 at
                 the
                 Lake
                 of
                 Thrasymene
                 ,
                 sent
                 to
                 Rome
                 three
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Bushels
                 of
                 Wheat
                 ,
                 two
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Bushels
                 of
                 Barley
                 ,
                 and
                 two
                 hundred
                 and
                 fourty
                 Pound
                 weight
                 of
                 Gold
                 :
                 And
                 not
                 being
                 ignorant
                 of
                 the
                 Modesty
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 in
                 receiving
                 such
                 Gifts
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 presented
                 them
                 a
                 Congratulation
                 of
                 Victory
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 compel
                 them
                 ,
                 moved
                 by
                 Religion
                 ,
                 to
                 accept
                 of
                 his
                 Munificence
                 .
                 Liberal
                 first
                 in
                 his
                 ready
                 will
                 to
                 send
                 ,
                 and
                 prudent
                 in
                 taking
                 care
                 that
                 it
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 sent
                 back
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 I
                 will
                 adde
                 to
                 him
                 Gil●ias
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 ,
                 who
                 may
                 be
                 thought
                 to
                 have
                 had
                 the
                 very
                 bowels
                 of
                 Liberality
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 potent
                 in
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 but
                 more
                 wealthy
                 in
                 the
                 Generosity
                 of
                 his
                 Mind
                 than
                 in
                 his
                 Riches
                 ;
                 and
                 always
                 more
                 busily
                 employed
                 in
                 spending
                 and
                 finding
                 waies
                 to
                 bestow
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 getting
                 Money
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 his
                 House
                 s●em'd
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Shop
                 of
                 Magnificence
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 all
                 Monuments
                 fit
                 for
                 Publick
                 Use
                 were
                 erected
                 ,
                 there
                 all
                 Plays
                 were
                 set
                 out
                 for
                 the
                 delight
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 all
                 preparations
                 for
                 Feasting
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 the
                 scarcity
                 of
                 Corn
                 was
                 supplied
                 .
                 This
                 to
                 the
                 generality
                 ;
                 privately
                 the
                 Sick
                 were
                 reliev'd
                 ,
                 Portions
                 given
                 to
                 poor
                 Maids
                 ,
                 and
                 comfortable
                 Supplies
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 broken
                 by
                 Misfortune
                 ;
                 Guests
                 and
                 Strang●rs
                 courteously
                 received
                 both
                 in
                 City
                 and
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 and
                 liberally
                 presented
                 at
                 their
                 d●parture
                 .
                 One
                 time
                 ,
                 among
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 he
                 fed
                 and
                 clad
                 Five
                 Hundred
                 Gelensian
                 Horsemen
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 by
                 T●mpest
                 forced
                 
                 upon
                 his
                 Territories
                 .
                 What
                 more
                 ?
                 You
                 would
                 have
                 said
                 he
                 had
                 no
                 Mortal
                 Bofome
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 very
                 Breasts
                 of
                 propitious
                 Fortune
                 herself
                 .
                 For
                 what
                 Gillias
                 possess'd
                 ,
                 seemed
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 common
                 Patrimony
                 of
                 all
                 Men.
                 For
                 whose
                 Prosperity
                 and
                 increase
                 of
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Regions
                 continually
                 praid
                 .
                 Place
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 the
                 Chests
                 of
                 some
                 shut
                 up
                 with
                 Locks
                 ,
                 inexorable
                 to
                 all
                 Pity
                 ;
                 do
                 you
                 not
                 think
                 this
                 expense
                 far
                 more
                 laudable
                 ,
                 than
                 that
                 wary
                 Parsimony
                 ?
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             LIB
             .
             V.
             
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               I.
               Of
               Humanity
               and
               Clemency
               .
            
             
               
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Roman
                 -
                 Senate
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 L.
                 Cornelius
                 Scipio
                 ,
                 Cos.
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 T.
                 Quinctius
                 Crispinus
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 M.
                 Claudius
                 Marcellus
                 ,
                 Procos
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Q.
                 Metellus
                 Macedonicus
                 ,
                 Proconsul
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 Scipio
                 Aemilianus
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Elder
                
                 Africanus
                 ,
                 Procos
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 
                   L
                   ▪
                   Aemilius
                
                 Paulus
                 Cos.
                 2.
                 
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 Cn.
                 Pompey
                 
                   the
                   Great
                   ,
                   Procos
                
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Alexander
                 
                   the
                   Great
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Pisistratus
                 the
                 Athenian
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Pyrrhus
                 
                   King
                   of
                
                 Epirus
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Antigonus
                 
                   King
                   of
                
                 Macedon
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 The
                 Companians
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Hannibal
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 .
              
            
             
               WHat
               better
               Companions
               ▪
               could
               I
               have
               found
               out
               for
               Liberality
               ,
               than
               Humanity
               and
               Clemency
               !
               The
               first
               of
               which
               shews
               it self
               in
               want
               ,
               the
               second
               in
               business
               ,
               the
               third
               in
               doubtful
               Fortune
               .
               Now
               when
               we
               know
               not
               which
               to
               esteem
               best
               ▪
               yet
               the
               commendation
               of
               that
               seems
               to
               crave
               precedency
               ,
               which
               takes
               its
               denomination
               from
               the
               Godhead
               it self
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               I
               will
               begin
               with
               the
               most
               humane
               and
               merciful
               Acts
               of
               the
               Senate
               .
               Who
               when
               the
               Embassadors
               of
               the
               Carthaginians
               came
               to
               the
               City
               about
               the
               Redemption
               
               of
               Captives
               ,
               immediately
               without
               receiving
               their
               Money
               ;
               restor'd
               them
               above
               two
               thousand
               seven
               hundred
               and
               fourty
               young
               men
               .
               I
               may
               well
               think
               that
               the
               Ambassadours
               themselves
               were
               amazed
               to
               see
               such
               an
               Army
               of
               Enemies
               set
               at
               Liberty
               ,
               so
               much
               Money
               despised
               ,
               and
               so
               many
               Carthaginian
               Injuries
               forgiven
               ,
               and
               that
               they
               thus
               said
               to
               themselves
               ,
               O
               Munific●nce
               ●qual
               to
               the
               favour
               of
               the
               Gods
               of
               the
               Romans
               !
               and
               happy
               our
               Embassie
               beyond
               our
               wishes
               ,
               For
               we
               h●ve
               received
               a
               kindness
               which
               we
               never
               deserved
               .
               Nor
               was
               this
               a
               smaller
               testimony
               of
               the
               Senate
               ,
               who
               when
               Syphax
               ,
               formerly
               a
               most
               opulent
               K●ng
               of
               Numidia
               ,
               their
               Captive
               ,
               was
               dead
               in
               the
               Prison
               of
               Tibur
               ,
               o●der'd
               him
               to
               be
               inte●d
               at
               the
               Publick
               Expence
               ;
               that
               to
               whom
               they
               had
               given
               Life
               ,
               they
               might
               also
               adde
               the
               honour
               of
               Burial
               .
               The
               same
               Clemency
               th●y
               us'd
               toward
               Pers●us
               ,
               who
               dying
               at
               Alba
               where
               he
               was
               kept
               in
               safe
               custody
               ,
               sent
               down
               a
               Questor
               to
               bury
               him
               at
               the
               Publick
               Charge
               ,
               not
               permitting
               his
               Royal
               Reliques
               to
               lye
               dishonour'd
               .
               These
               things
               they
               perform'd
               to
               Enemies
               and
               Captives
               after
               their
               Death
               .
               The
               n●xt
               were
               their
               Favours
               shewn
               to
               their
               Friends
               in
               prosperity
               and
               living
               .
               After
               the
               end
               of
               the
               Macedonian
               War
               ,
               Musicrates
               ,
               Massinissa's
               Son
               ,
               being
               sent
               back
               to
               Paulus
               ,
               with
               those
               Horsemen
               which
               which
               he
               had
               brought
               to
               the
               assistance
               of
               the
               Romans
               to
               his
               Father
               ,
               his
               Fl●et
               being
               scatter'd
               by
               Tempest
               ,
               and
               himself
               putting
               in
               sick
               at
               Brundusium
               :
               The
               Senate
               no
               sooner
               had
               news
               thereof
               ,
               but
               they
               sent
               a
               Que●●or
               thither
               ,
               not
               only
               to
               defray
               the
               Expences
               of
               him
               and
               his
               Retinue
               ,
               but
               also
               to
               take
               care
               for
               the
               providing
               all
               things
               necessary
               for
               the
               restoration
               of
               his
               Health
               :
               and
               that
               they
               might
               not
               want
               Ships
               to
               carry
               them
               safe
               and
               well
               into
               Africa
               ,
               they
               ordered
               to
               be
               given
               to
               each
               Horseman
               a
               Po●nd
               weight
               of
               Silver
               ,
               and
               to
               every
               Footman
               five
               Hundred
               Sester●es
               .
               Which
               so
               
               ready
               and
               compleat
               Humanity
               of
               the
               Conscript
               Fathe●s
               ,
               might
               perhaps
               have
               so
               far
               prevail'd
               upon
               Massinissa
               ,
               that
               had
               his
               Son
               died
               in
               the
               Expedition
               ,
               he
               had
               the
               less
               grieved
               for
               it
               .
               The
               same
               Senate
               ,
               when
               they
               heard
               that
               Prusias
               King
               of
               Bitbynia
               was
               come
               to
               congratulate
               their
               Victory
               over
               Perseus
               ,
               sent
               
                 Cornelius
                 Scipio
              
               ,
               then
               Questor
               ,
               to
               meet
               him
               as
               far
               as
               Capua
               :
               and
               ordered
               that
               the
               best
               House
               in
               Rome
               should
               be
               hired
               for
               him
               ;
               and
               that
               he
               and
               his
               Retinue
               should
               be
               entertain'd
               the
               Publick
               Charge
               .
               And
               indeed
               in
               the
               reception
               of
               that
               great
               King
               ,
               the
               whole
               City
               seem'd
               to
               have
               the
               countenance
               but
               of
               one
               entire
               Friend
               .
               So
               that
               he
               ,
               who
               came
               an
               entire
               friend
               to
               our
               City
               ,
               return'd
               with
               a
               double
               affection
               for
               us
               .
               Neither
               was
               Egypt
               ignorant
               of
               the
               Roman
               Clemency
               :
               For
               King
               Ptolomy
               being
               thrown
               out
               of
               his
               Kingdom
               by
               his
               younger
               Brother
               ,
               and
               coming
               to
               Rome
               with
               a
               small
               Attendance
               ,
               and
               in
               a
               mean
               Habit
               ,
               to
               crave
               aid
               of
               the
               Senate
               ,
               tooke
               a
               Lodging
               in
               the
               house
               of
               an
               Alexandrian
               Painter
               .
               Which
               when
               the
               Senate
               understood
               ,
               sending
               for
               the
               Young
               man
               ,
               they
               made
               a
               very
               great
               excuse
               ,
               for
               not
               having
               sent
               the
               Questor
               to
               meet
               him
               after
               the
               antient
               Custome
               ,
               and
               for
               not
               providing
               entertainment
               for
               him
               ;
               as
               not
               happening
               through
               their
               negligence
               ,
               but
               through
               his
               suddain
               and
               private
               Entry
               .
               After
               which
               they
               accompanied
               him
               to
               a
               publick
               House
               ,
               desiring
               him
               to
               lay
               by
               his
               mean
               Habit
               ,
               and
               fix
               them
               a
               day
               to
               wait
               on
               him
               .
               They
               also
               took
               care
               to
               send
               him
               Gifts
               by
               the
               Questor
               every
               day
               ;
               and
               by
               these
               degrees
               of
               kindness
               advanced
               him
               from
               Expulsion
               to
               the
               Royal
               Throne
               .
               So
               that
               he
               had
               more
               hope
               in
               the
               assistance
               of
               the
               Roman
               People
               ,
               than
               fear
               of
               his
               own
               Misfortune
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               To
               come
               now
               from
               the
               Conscript
               Fathers
               in
               general
               to
               particular
               Senators
               ;
               
                 Lucius
                 Cornelius
              
               the
               Consul
               in
               the
               first
               Punic
               War
               ,
               when
               he
               had
               taken
               the
               City
               
               Olbia
               ,
               for
               the
               relief
               of
               which
               Anno
               Captain
               of
               the
               Carthaginians
               valiantly
               fighting
               was
               slain
               ,
               buried
               his
               Body
               out
               of
               his
               own
               Tent
               ,
               bestowing
               a
               noble
               Funeral
               upon
               it
               .
               Nor
               was
               he
               asham'd
               to
               appear
               at
               the
               Exequies
               of
               an
               Enemy
               ,
               believing
               that
               his
               Victory
               would
               be
               the
               less
               envied
               both
               by
               Gods
               and
               Men
               ,
               when
               there
               was
               so
               much
               of
               Humanity
               mix'd
               with
               it
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               What
               shall
               I
               say
               of
               
                 Quinctius
                 Crispinus
              
               ,
               whose
               Gentleness
               and
               mild
               Disposition
               ,
               the
               potent
               Affections
               of
               Anger
               and
               Glory
               could
               not
               disturb
               ?
               He
               had
               entertain'd
               with
               great
               civility
               Badius
               of
               Campania
               at
               his
               house
               ,
               and
               with
               great
               care
               recovered
               him
               from
               a
               dangerous
               Sickness
               :
               Who
               after
               the
               revolt
               of
               the
               Campanians
               ,
               provoking
               Crispinus
               to
               f●ght
               with
               him
               at
               the
               head
               of
               the
               Army
               ;
               Crispinus
               ,
               who
               knew
               himself
               to
               be
               above
               him
               both
               in
               Strength
               and
               Courage
               ,
               chose
               rather
               to
               give
               him
               good
               councel
               than
               to
               overcome
               him
               .
               
                 What
                 dost
                 thou
                 go
                 about
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 Madman
                 ,
              
               said
               he
               ?
               
                 Or
                 whither
                 do
                 thy
                 foolish
                 desires
                 carry
                 thee
                 ?
                 Must
                 thou
                 needs
                 rage
                 with
                 a
                 publick
                 Impiety
                 ,
                 that
                 art
                 fallen
                 from
                 private
                 Charity
                 ?
                 Couldst
                 thou
                 finde
                 none
                 among
                 all
                 the
              
               Romans
               ,
               
                 upon
                 whom
                 to
                 exercise
                 thy
                 villanous
                 arms
                 ,
                 but
                 only
              
               Quinctius
               ,
               
                 to
                 whose
                 Houshold-gods
                 thou
                 owest
                 both
                 a
                 return
                 of
                 honour
                 and
                 safety
                 ?
                 The
                 League
                 of
                 Friendship
                 and
                 our
                 Hospitable
                 Gods
                 ,
                 with
                 us
                 sacred
                 Pledges
                 ,
                 though
                 with
                 you
                 of
                 no
                 accompt
                 ,
                 will
                 not
                 suffer
                 me
                 to
                 combat
                 with
                 thee
                 .
                 Nay
                 ,
                 if
                 in
                 the
                 shock
                 of
                 both
                 Armies
                 ,
                 I
                 should
                 have
                 known
                 thee
                 overturned
                 by
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 my
                 Buckler
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 have
                 recalled
                 my
                 Sword
                 from
                 thy
                 Neck
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 it
                 is
                 thy
                 crime
                 ,
                 that
                 thou
                 didst
                 intend
                 to
                 kill
                 a
                 Guest
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 a
                 Guest
                 shall
                 not
                 be
                 mine
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 seek
                 out
                 some
                 body
                 else
                 for
                 the
                 courage
                 of
                 thy
                 right
                 hand
                 ,
                 for
                 mine
                 has
                 learnt
                 to
                 save
                 .
              
               But
               Heaven
               gave
               to
               both
               a
               deserved
               Issue
               ;
               for
               Badius
               was
               slain
               in
               the
               fight
               ,
               Quinctius
               valiantly
               fighting
               came
               safe
               off
               with
               honour
               .
            
             
             
               4.
               
               And
               now
               the
               Clemency
               of
               
                 M.
                 Marcellus
              
               ,
               how
               famous
               and
               how
               memorable
               an
               Example
               ought
               we
               to
               accompt
               it
               ?
               Who
               after
               he
               had
               taken
               Syracuse
               ,
               from
               the
               Castle
               took
               a
               view
               of
               the
               City
               below
               ,
               once
               flourishing
               ,
               now
               almost
               ruin'd
               in
               Misery
               :
               he
               beholding
               the
               miserable
               state
               thereof
               ,
               could
               not
               refrain
               from
               Tears
               .
               So
               that
               if
               some
               person
               that
               knew
               him
               not
               had
               beheld
               him
               ,
               he
               might
               have
               been
               thought
               the
               Looser
               ,
               not
               the
               Victor
               .
               This
               consolation
               hadst
               thou
               in
               thy
               calamity
               ,
               fair
               City
               ,
               that
               though
               it
               was
               not
               lawful
               for
               thee
               to
               stand
               safe
               ,
               yet
               thy
               fall
               was
               gentle
               under
               such
               a
               Conquerour
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               
                 Quintus
                 Metellu●
              
               warring
               in
               Spain
               against
               the
               Celtiberians
               ,
               lying
               at
               the
               Siege
               of
               Centohricum
               ,
               when
               the
               Engine
               was
               fix'd
               ,
               and
               he
               was
               just
               ready
               to
               beat
               down
               that
               part
               of
               the
               Wall
               which
               was
               fittest
               to
               be
               batter'd
               ,
               preferr'd
               Clemency
               before
               an
               approaching
               Victory
               .
               For
               when
               the
               Gentobricenses
               had
               opposed
               the
               Sons
               of
               Rhetogenes
               ,
               who
               had
               fled
               to
               him
               ,
               against
               all
               the
               shot
               of
               the
               Engine
               ,
               lest
               the
               Children
               should
               be
               cruelly
               kill'd
               in
               the
               fight
               of
               their
               Father
               (
               though
               Rhetogenes
               himself
               bid
               him
               not
               fear
               to
               go
               on
               with
               his
               Battery
               for
               all
               that
               )
               he
               rais'd
               his
               Siege
               .
               By
               which
               act
               of
               Clemency
               ,
               though
               he
               took
               not
               one
               City
               ,
               yet
               he
               took
               the
               hearts
               of
               all
               the
               Celtiberians
               ,
               and
               thereby
               so
               far
               prevailed
               ,
               as
               not
               to
               want
               many
               Hostages
               to
               keep
               them
               faithful
               to
               the
               Roman
               people
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               Splendidly
               also
               did
               the
               Humanity
               of
               the
               Elder
               African
               appear
               ,
               who
               having
               taken
               the
               City
               of
               Carthage
               ,
               sent
               to
               all
               the
               Cities
               of
               Sicily
               ,
               to
               fetch
               the
               Ornaments
               of
               their
               Temples
               ,
               which
               the
               Carthaginians
               had
               taken
               from
               them
               ,
               and
               to
               take
               care
               to
               restore
               them
               to
               their
               proper
               places
               .
               A
               Kindness
               acceptable
               both
               to
               Gods
               and
               Men.
               
            
             
               7.
               
               Equal
               to
               this
               was
               ●he
               Humanity
               of
               his
               Grandfather
               .
               His
               Questor
               selling
               the
               Captives
               
                 at
                 the
                 Spear
              
               ,
               
               sent
               him
               a
               Boy
               of
               a
               very
               excelling
               Beauty
               ,
               and
               very
               well
               habited
               ;
               whom
               when
               he
               understood
               to
               be
               lest
               an
               Orphan
               by
               his
               Father
               ,
               and
               educated
               under
               the
               tuition
               of
               his
               Uncle
               Massanisa
               ,
               and
               that
               without
               his
               leave
               he
               had
               immaturely
               tak●n
               Arms
               against
               the
               Romans
               ;
               he
               not
               only
               thought
               it
               convenient
               to
               pardon
               the
               errour
               of
               the
               Youth
               ,
               but
               to
               give
               that
               respect
               which
               was
               due
               to
               the
               Friendship
               of
               a
               Prince
               so
               deserving
               of
               the
               Roman
               People
               .
               And
               therefore
               having
               bestowed
               a
               Ring
               ,
               a
               Gold
               Button
               ,
               and
               a
               broad
               emboss'd
               Tunick
               ,
               a
               Spanish
               Jacket
               ,
               and
               a
               Horse
               with
               all
               Furniture
               upon
               him
               ,
               he
               sent
               him
               to
               Massanisa
               with
               a
               Convoy
               to
               attend
               him
               .
               The
               Romans
               believing
               these
               to
               be
               the
               greatest
               fruits
               of
               Victory
               ,
               to
               restore
               the
               Temples
               their
               Ornaments
               ,
               and
               Kings
               their
               Kindred
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               Nor
               is
               the
               Memory
               of
               
                 L.
                 Paulus
              
               to
               be
               forgot
               ,
               who
               when
               he
               heard
               that
               Perseus
               ,
               a
               Captive
               now
               ,
               before
               a
               King
               ,
               was
               brought
               before
               him
               ,
               went
               to
               meet
               him
               in
               all
               the
               Ornaments
               of
               a
               Roman
               General
               ,
               and
               with
               his
               right
               hand
               rais'd
               up
               the
               King
               ,
               endeavouring
               to
               cast
               himself
               at
               his
               feet
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Greek
               tongue
               bid
               him
               be
               of
               good
               chear
               ;
               and
               bringing
               him
               into
               his
               Tent
               ,
               caus'd
               him
               to
               sit
               next
               him
               in
               Council
               ,
               not
               thinking
               him
               below
               the
               honour
               of
               his
               Table
               .
               Range
               the
               Army
               in
               view
               ,
               which
               conquer'd
               Perseus
               ,
               and
               the
               Story
               which
               I
               have
               related
               ,
               it
               may
               be
               doubted
               which
               sight
               would
               be
               most
               delectable
               .
               For
               though
               it
               be
               a
               renowned
               thing
               to
               overcome
               an
               Enemy
               ,
               yet
               is
               it
               no
               less
               praise-worthy
               to
               take
               compassion
               of
               him
               in
               misery
               .
            
             
               9.
               
               This
               Humanity
               of
               
                 L.
                 Paulus
              
               teaches
               me
               not
               to
               forget
               the
               Clemency
               of
               
                 Cn.
                 Pompey
              
               :
               Who
               having
               overthrown
               Tigranes
               King
               of
               Armenia
               ,
               who
               not
               only
               made
               cruel
               Wars
               with
               the
               Romans
               himself
               ,
               but
               also
               protected
               Mithridates
               ,
               a
               most
               inveterate
               Enemy
               to
               our
               City
               ,
               would
               not
               suffer
               him
               to
               lye
               prostrate
               at
               his
               
               feet
               ;
               but
               giving
               him
               words
               of
               comfort
               ,
               caus'd
               him
               to
               put
               the
               Diadem
               ,
               which
               he
               had
               cast
               away
               ,
               upon
               his
               Head
               again
               .
               And
               having
               laid
               certain
               commands
               upon
               him
               ,
               restor'd
               him
               to
               his
               former
               Dignity
               .
            
             
               10.
               
               How
               noble
               an
               Example
               of
               Clemency
               afforded
               was
               
                 Cn.
                 Pompey
              
               ,
               how
               miserable
               an
               Example
               of
               Pity
               desired
               !
               For
               he
               that
               had
               impal'd
               the
               Brows
               of
               Tigranes
               with
               Regal
               Ornaments
               ,
               his
               Head
               dispoyl'd
               of
               Three
               Triumphal
               Crowns
               ,
               could
               not
               finde
               a
               Burial-place
               in
               that
               ,
               which
               was
               but
               now
               ,
               his
               own
               world
               :
               But
               cut
               from
               his
               Body
               ,
               wanting
               a
               Funeral
               Pile
               ,
               was
               presented
               as
               a
               Gift
               of
               Egyptian
               Perfidie
               ,
               lamentable
               in
               the
               very
               eyes
               of
               the
               Victor
               .
               For
               assoon
               as
               Caesar
               beheld
               it
               ,
               forgetful
               of
               his
               Enemy
               ,
               he
               put
               on
               the
               Countenance
               of
               a
               Father-in-law
               ;
               and
               then
               ,
               as
               became
               himself
               ,
               he
               caus'd
               the
               Head
               of
               Pompey
               to
               be
               burnt
               with
               most
               pretious
               Odours
               ,
               and
               paid
               his
               Tears
               to
               the
               memory
               of
               him
               and
               his
               Daughter
               .
               For
               if
               the
               mind
               of
               that
               divine
               Prince
               had
               not
               been
               so
               tender
               ,
               He
               that
               a
               little
               before
               was
               accompted
               the
               Pillar
               of
               the
               Roman
               Empire
               (
               so
               Fortune
               turns
               the
               scales
               of
               Humane
               Affairs
               )
               had
               lain
               uninterr'd
               .
               Caesar
               also
               hearing
               of
               the
               Death
               of
               Cato
               ,
               was
               heard
               to
               say
               ,
               
                 That
                 he
                 envied
              
               Cato's
               
                 glory
                 ,
                 as
              
               Cato
               
                 had
                 envied
                 his
              
               ;
               giving
               his
               Estate
               safe
               and
               whole
               to
               his
               Children
               .
               And
               certainly
               it
               would
               have
               been
               no
               small
               part
               of
               
               Caesar's
               divine
               endeavours
               ,
               to
               have
               been
               the
               safety
               of
               Cato
               .
            
             
               11.
               
               And
               certainly
               the
               Soul
               of
               
                 Mark
                 Antonie
              
               did
               not
               want
               the
               knowledg
               of
               equal
               Humanity
               .
               For
               he
               gave
               the
               Body
               of
               
                 Mar.
                 Brutus
              
               to
               his
               Freeman
               to
               bury
               .
               And
               that
               he
               might
               be
               the
               more
               honourably
               burnt
               ,
               caused
               him
               to
               be
               covered
               with
               his
               own
               Imperial
               Robe
               ;
               believing
               him
               as
               he
               lay
               ,
               not
               an
               Enemy
               ,
               but
               a
               Citizen
               ,
               all
               hatred
               now
               forgotten
               .
               And
               when
               he
               understood
               the
               Freeman
               had
               taken
               away
               the
               Imperial
               Garment
               ,
               in
               great
               anger
               he
               commanded
               him
               to
               be
               punished
               ,
               using
               
               first
               this
               Speech
               ;
               
                 Didst
                 thou
                 not
                 know
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 the
                 Funeral
                 of
                 how
                 great
                 a
                 man
                 I
                 committed
                 to
                 thy
                 charge
                 ?
              
               His
               stout
               and
               pious
               Victory
               at
               Philippi
               the
               Gods
               willingly
               beheld
               ,
               nor
               could
               they
               stop
               their
               ears
               at
               these
               words
               of
               generous
               Indignation
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 From
                 commemorating
                 Roman
                 Examples
                 ,
                 being
                 carried
                 into
                 Macedon
                 ,
                 I
                 am
                 compell'd
                 to
                 set
                 forth
                 the
                 Manners
                 of
                 Alexander
                 .
                 Whose
                 Fortitude
                 in
                 War
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 deserved
                 infinite
                 renown
                 ,
                 so
                 his
                 Clemency
                 merited
                 high
                 respect
                 and
                 love
                 .
                 He
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 visits
                 all
                 Nations
                 with
                 an
                 indefatigable
                 swiftness
                 ,
                 being
                 overtaken
                 at
                 a
                 certain
                 place
                 with
                 a
                 storm
                 of
                 Snow
                 ,
                 observ'd
                 a
                 Macedonian
                 Souldier
                 ,
                 decrepit
                 with
                 age
                 ,
                 almost
                 nummed
                 with
                 Cold
                 ,
                 himself
                 sitting
                 in
                 a
                 high
                 Chair
                 near
                 the
                 fire
                 .
                 Who
                 therefore
                 considering
                 not
                 the
                 quality
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 age
                 of
                 both
                 ,
                 descends
                 from
                 his
                 seat
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 those
                 hands
                 with
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 subdued
                 the
                 wealth
                 of
                 Darius
                 ,
                 takes
                 the
                 benumm'd
                 Souldier
                 and
                 leads
                 him
                 to
                 his
                 o●n
                 ●●at
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   that
                   would
                   be
                   wholesome
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   Capital
                   among
                   the
                
                 Persians
                 ,
                 
                   to
                   sit
                   in
                   the
                   Kings
                   Chair
                   .
                
                 What
                 wonder
                 then
                 if
                 they
                 thought
                 it
                 a
                 pleasure
                 to
                 serve
                 such
                 a
                 Captain
                 so
                 many
                 years
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 the
                 safety
                 of
                 a
                 Common
                 Souldier
                 was
                 more
                 dear
                 than
                 the
                 grandeur
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Person
                 ?
                 The
                 same
                 Personage
                 also
                 yielding
                 not
                 to
                 any
                 Mortal
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 Nature
                 and
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 though
                 faint
                 with
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 his
                 distemper
                 ,
                 yet
                 leaning
                 upon
                 his
                 Elbow
                 ,
                 he
                 reacht
                 out
                 his
                 right
                 Hand
                 to
                 all
                 that
                 would
                 take
                 their
                 leaves
                 of
                 him
                 .
                 Who
                 would
                 not
                 run
                 to
                 embrace
                 that
                 hand
                 ,
                 which
                 now
                 opprest
                 by
                 Fate
                 ,
                 sufficed
                 to
                 embrace
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 Humanity
                 as
                 vivacious
                 as
                 his
                 Courage
                 ?
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Humanity
                 is
                 of
                 no
                 robust
                 nature
                 ,
                 yet
                 we
                 may
                 
                 declare
                 the
                 Clemency
                 of
                 Pisistratus
                 ,
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Athens
                 ▪
                 Who
                 when
                 a
                 Youngman
                 inflamed
                 with
                 the
                 Love
                 of
                 his
                 Daughter
                 ,
                 meeting
                 her
                 in
                 the
                 Street
                 ,
                 kist
                 her
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 therefore
                 desired
                 by
                 his
                 Wife
                 to
                 punish
                 him
                 ,
                 made
                 answer
                 ,
                 
                   If
                   we
                   punish
                   those
                   that
                   love
                   us
                   ,
                   what
                   must
                   we
                   do
                   to
                   those
                   that
                   hate
                   us
                   ?
                
                 A
                 worthy
                 Saying
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 we
                 must
                 adde
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 came
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 mouth
                 of
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 he
                 took
                 the
                 affront
                 offered
                 his
                 Daughter
                 ;
                 thus
                 the
                 injury
                 done
                 to
                 himself
                 more
                 commendably
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 incessantly
                 taunted
                 and
                 reviled
                 by
                 his
                 friend
                 Thrasippus
                 at
                 Table
                 ,
                 he
                 so
                 restrained
                 his
                 anger
                 and
                 his
                 tongue
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Guard
                 reviled
                 by
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 :
                 and
                 as
                 he
                 went
                 away
                 ,
                 thinking
                 he
                 had
                 retired
                 sooner
                 than
                 ordinary
                 for
                 fear
                 ,
                 he
                 kindly
                 invited
                 him
                 to
                 stay
                 .
                 Thrasippus
                 being
                 in
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 his
                 drink
                 ,
                 spit
                 all
                 in
                 his
                 face
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 move
                 him
                 to
                 revenge
                 .
                 He
                 pull'd
                 away
                 his
                 Sons
                 also
                 ,
                 desiring
                 to
                 intercede
                 for
                 the
                 abuses
                 of
                 him
                 that
                 was
                 their
                 Father
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 morning
                 when
                 Thrasippus
                 intended
                 to
                 punish
                 himself
                 with
                 a
                 violent
                 death
                 ,
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 came
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 giving
                 him
                 his
                 faith
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 still
                 remain
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 degree
                 of
                 favour
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 kept
                 him
                 from
                 the
                 execution
                 of
                 his
                 purpose
                 .
                 Had
                 he
                 done
                 nothing
                 else
                 worthy
                 of
                 honour
                 or
                 memory
                 ,
                 yet
                 by
                 these
                 very
                 acts
                 of
                 his
                 he
                 had
                 sufficiently
                 recommended
                 himself
                 to
                 Posterity
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Patient
                 and
                 gentle
                 also
                 was
                 the
                 mind
                 of
                 King
                 Pyrrhus
                 ,
                 Who
                 hearing
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Tarentines
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 Feast
                 has
                 spoken
                 largely
                 in
                 his
                 disgrace
                 ,
                 he
                 call'd
                 for
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 present
                 ,
                 and
                 demanded
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 spoken
                 those
                 things
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 told
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 made
                 answer
                 ,
                 
                   If
                   our
                   Wine
                   had
                   not
                   fail'd
                   us
                   ,
                   those
                   things
                   which
                   we
                   spoke
                   of
                   thee
                   ,
                   would
                   have
                   been
                   but
                   baubles
                   and
                   trifles
                   ,
                   to
                   what
                   we
                   should
                   have
                   said
                   .
                
                 This
                 so
                 pleasant
                 excuse
                 of
                 
                 their
                 Drunkenness
                 ,
                 and
                 simple
                 confession
                 of
                 the
                 truth
                 ,
                 turn'd
                 the
                 Kings
                 Anger
                 into
                 laughter
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 Clemency
                 of
                 his
                 he
                 so
                 far
                 prevailed
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 sober
                 Tarentines
                 gave
                 him
                 thanks
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 drunk
                 wish'd
                 him
                 well
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 height
                 of
                 Humanity
                 caused
                 him
                 to
                 send
                 Mico
                 with
                 a
                 Convoy
                 for
                 the
                 greater
                 safety
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Ambassadours
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 heard
                 were
                 coming
                 toward
                 him
                 for
                 the
                 redemption
                 of
                 Captives
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 their
                 more
                 honourable
                 reception
                 ,
                 he
                 himself
                 with
                 a
                 Body
                 of
                 Horse
                 richly
                 attired
                 went
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Camp
                 to
                 meet
                 them
                 .
                 Not
                 so
                 much
                 corrupted
                 with
                 the
                 success
                 of
                 Prosperity
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 hinder
                 all
                 prospect
                 of
                 respect
                 from
                 them
                 with
                 whom
                 he
                 was
                 at
                 greatest
                 Enmity
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Of
                 which
                 mild
                 temper
                 he
                 received
                 the
                 due
                 reward
                 at
                 the
                 last
                 hour
                 of
                 his
                 death
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 invaded
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Argos
                 with
                 most
                 dismal
                 Omens
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Alcyoneus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 King
                 Antigonus
                 had
                 brought
                 his
                 head
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 joy
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 most
                 happy
                 act
                 of
                 Victory
                 to
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 labouring
                 in
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 Antigonus
                 rebuking
                 his
                 Son
                 for
                 insulting
                 over
                 the
                 ruine
                 of
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 man
                 ,
                 forgetful
                 of
                 humane
                 Calamity
                 ,
                 took
                 up
                 his
                 Head
                 from
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 and
                 cover'd
                 it
                 with
                 the
                 Hood
                 wherewith
                 his
                 own
                 head
                 was
                 cover'd
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 and
                 caused
                 it
                 ,
                 being
                 return'd
                 to
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 honourably
                 burnt
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 his
                 Son
                 Helenus
                 was
                 brought
                 a
                 prisoner
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 commanded
                 him
                 to
                 bear
                 a
                 Royal
                 Minde
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 continue
                 his
                 Regal
                 Habit
                 ,
                 and
                 moreover
                 gave
                 him
                 the
                 bones
                 of
                 Pyrrhus
                 ,
                 inclosed
                 in
                 a
                 Golden
                 Chest
                 ,
                 to
                 carry
                 into
                 his
                 Countrey
                 of
                 Epirus
                 to
                 his
                 Brother
                 Alexander
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 The
                 Campanians
                 also
                 ,
                 when
                 our
                 Army
                 was
                 compell'd
                 by
                 the
                 Samnites
                 to
                 pass
                 under
                 Gallowses
                 at
                 Caudium
                 ,
                 entring
                 their
                 City
                 not
                 only
                 unarmed
                 but
                 naked
                 ,
                 received
                 them
                 as
                 kindly
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 enter'd
                 
                 in
                 Triumph
                 ,
                 bearing
                 the
                 Spoils
                 of
                 their
                 enemies
                 before
                 them
                 .
                 Immediately
                 presenting
                 the
                 Consul
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Ensignes
                 of
                 his
                 Honour
                 ,
                 and
                 bestowing
                 upon
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 Cloaths
                 ,
                 Arms
                 ,
                 Horses
                 and
                 Provision
                 ,
                 taking
                 away
                 the
                 want
                 and
                 deformity
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 overthrow
                 .
                 Had
                 they
                 been
                 as
                 constant
                 against
                 Hannibal
                 for
                 the
                 Roman
                 Empire
                 ,
                 they
                 had
                 not
                 given
                 an
                 occasion
                 for
                 the
                 rage
                 of
                 the
                 cruel
                 Axes
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Having
                 made
                 mention
                 of
                 a
                 most
                 bitter
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 with
                 those
                 actions
                 of
                 kindness
                 which
                 he
                 performed
                 to
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 make
                 an
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 subject
                 in
                 hand
                 .
                 For
                 Hannibal
                 having
                 sought
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 
                   Aemilius
                   Paulus
                
                 slain
                 at
                 Cannae
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 diligence
                 ,
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 in
                 him
                 lay
                 ,
                 would
                 not
                 permit
                 it
                 to
                 lye
                 unburied
                 .
                 He
                 also
                 caused
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 
                   T.
                   Gracchus
                
                 ,
                 who
                 fell
                 unhappily
                 into
                 the
                 ambushment
                 of
                 the
                 Lucans
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 honourably
                 buried
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 his
                 bones
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 carried
                 into
                 his
                 own
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 to
                 our
                 Souldiers
                 .
                 When
                 Marcellus
                 was
                 slain
                 in
                 the
                 Countrey
                 of
                 the
                 Brutii
                 ,
                 while
                 with
                 more
                 eagerness
                 than
                 consideration
                 he
                 endeavoured
                 to
                 spy
                 the
                 actions
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 he
                 sought
                 him
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 him
                 upon
                 the
                 Funeral
                 Pile
                 ,
                 clad
                 in
                 a
                 Carthaginian
                 Jacket
                 ,
                 and
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 a
                 Crown
                 of
                 Gold.
                 And
                 therefore
                 the
                 sweetness
                 of
                 Humanity
                 penetrates
                 into
                 the
                 very
                 breasts
                 of
                 rude
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 mollifies
                 the
                 cruel
                 and
                 severe
                 eyes
                 of
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 bends
                 the
                 most
                 insolent
                 pride
                 of
                 Victory
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 it
                 a
                 difficult
                 thing
                 for
                 Clemency
                 to
                 finde
                 an
                 easie
                 passage
                 through
                 hostile
                 Weapons
                 ,
                 and
                 Swords
                 drawn
                 hand
                 to
                 hand
                 .
                 It
                 overcomes
                 Anger
                 ,
                 throws
                 down
                 Rage
                 ,
                 and
                 mingles
                 hostile
                 Blood
                 with
                 hostile
                 Tears
                 .
                 Which
                 produced
                 that
                 admirable
                 Speech
                 of
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 delivering
                 his
                 judgment
                 at
                 the
                 Funerals
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Captains
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 
                   Paulus
                   ,
                   Marcellus
                
                 and
                 Gracchus
                 brought
                 him
                 more
                 honour
                 by
                 their
                 Funerals
                 ,
                 than
                 by
                 their
                 Deaths
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 deceived
                 them
                 with
                 his
                 Punic
                 
                 subtilty
                 ,
                 but
                 honoured
                 them
                 with
                 his
                 Roman
                 Clemency
                 .
                 And
                 you
                 ,
                 brave
                 and
                 pious
                 Souls
                 ,
                 have
                 enjoyed
                 Obsequies
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 repented
                 o●
                 ;
                 for
                 as
                 you
                 fell
                 more
                 desirably
                 in
                 your
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 more
                 nobly
                 for
                 your
                 Countrey
                 ;
                 so
                 ye
                 recover'd
                 the
                 honour
                 of
                 that
                 last
                 office
                 due
                 to
                 ye
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 misfortune
                 ye
                 had
                 lost
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               II.
               Of
               Gratitude
               .
            
             
               
                 Among
                 the
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Roman
                 Senate
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 Roman
                 Youth
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 Roman
                 People
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 M.
                 Minutius
                 Rufus
                 
                   Master
                   of
                   the
                   Horse
                
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Q.
                 Terentius
                 Culeo
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 
                   Citizens
                   redeem'd
                   in
                
                 Greece
                 .
              
               
                 7
                 Q.
                 Metellus
                 Pius
                 Cos.
                 
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Caius
                 Marius
                 Cos.
                 IV.
                 
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 L.
                 Sylla
                 Dictator
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 The
                 Libitines
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Of
                 Forreign
                 Kings
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Darius
                 of
                 Persia.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Mithridates
                 of
                 Pontus
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Attalus
                 of
                 Asia
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Massanisa
                 of
                 Numidia
                 .
              
            
             
               NExt
               let
               us
               take
               a
               view
               of
               the
               grateful
               and
               ingrateful
               effects
               and
               actions
               of
               the
               Minde
               ,
               that
               Vertue
               and
               Vice
               may
               receive
               their
               due
               reward
               ,
               from
               a
               due
               estimate
               of
               the
               value
               of
               either
               .
               However
               ,
               because
               they
               are
               distinguished
               by
               contrary
               ends
               and
               designes
               ,
               we
               also
               intend
               to
               separate
               them
               in
               writing
               :
               And
               therefore
               let
               us
               begin
               with
               those
               things
               ,
               that
               rather
               deserve
               praise
               than
               reprehension
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               And
               that
               we
               may
               take
               our
               rise
               from
               publick
               Acts
               ,
               let
               us
               take
               into
               our
               consideration
               
                 Marcius
                 Coriolanus
              
               ,
               who
               invading
               his
               own
               Country
               ,
               and
               having
               
               brought
               a
               very
               great
               Army
               of
               the
               Volsci
               to
               the
               very
               Gates
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               threatning
               the
               utter
               destruction
               of
               the
               Roman
               Empire
               ;
               yet
               at
               the
               intercession
               of
               his
               Mother
               Vituria
               ,
               and
               his
               Wife
               Volumnia
               ,
               he
               was
               perswaded
               to
               give
               over
               his
               violent
               Enterprise
               .
               In
               memory
               whereof
               the
               Senate
               gave
               very
               great
               Priviledges
               to
               the
               
                 Order
                 of
                 Matrons
              
               .
               For
               they
               order'd
               that
               men
               should
               give
               the
               upper
               hand
               to
               Women
               in
               the
               street
               ,
               as
               acknowledging
               the
               Womens
               Garment
               to
               have
               been
               a
               greater
               safety
               to
               their
               City
               than
               their
               Arms
               :
               They
               added
               also
               a
               new
               distinction
               of
               Coiss
               to
               the
               adornments
               of
               their
               Ears
               ;
               they
               also
               permitted
               them
               to
               wear
               Purple
               and
               Gold
               Laces
               ;
               and
               more
               then
               all
               this
               ,
               they
               erected
               a
               Temple
               and
               an
               Altar
               to
               Womens
               Fortune
               ,
               just
               in
               the
               same
               place
               where
               
               Coriolanus's
               wrath
               was
               appeased
               ,
               to
               testifie
               their
               grateful
               acknowledgment
               of
               so
               great
               a
               benefit
               ,
               by
               their
               religious
               respect
               and
               reverence
               that
               they
               had
               of
               it
               .
            
             
               For
               which
               the
               Senate
               was
               no
               less
               famous
               at
               the
               time
               of
               the
               Second
               Punic
               War
               :
               For
               when
               Capua
               was
               besieged
               by
               Fulvius
               ,
               there
               were
               two
               Women
               in
               the
               Town
               that
               would
               by
               no
               means
               be
               perswaded
               from
               shewing
               eminent
               signes
               of
               good
               Will
               toward
               the
               Romans
               ;
               the
               one
               named
               
                 Vestia
                 Opidia
              
               the
               Mistriss
               of
               a
               good
               Family
               ,
               the
               other
               
                 Cluvia
                 Facula
              
               an
               Harlot
               ;
               one
               which
               dayly
               sacrificed
               for
               the
               success
               of
               the
               Roman
               Army
               ,
               the
               other
               still
               supplied
               the
               necessities
               of
               the
               Roman
               Captives
               .
               The
               Town
               being
               taken
               ,
               the
               Senate
               restor'd
               them
               both
               their
               Liberty
               and
               their
               Goods
               ;
               and
               if
               they
               had
               any
               other
               Boon
               to
               crave
               ,
               bid
               them
               freely
               demand
               it
               ,
               for
               that
               they
               were
               as
               free
               to
               give
               it
               .
               It
               was
               more
               wonderful
               that
               the
               Senate
               had
               leisure
               ,
               in
               a
               time
               of
               so
               much
               Exultation
               ,
               to
               return
               thanks
               to
               two
               mean
               Women
               ,
               than
               that
               they
               took
               upon
               them
               to
               do
               it
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               What
               more
               commendable
               than
               that
               of
               the
               Roman
               
               Youth
               ,
               who
               in
               the
               Consulship
               of
               
                 C.
                 Nantius
              
               and
               Minutius
               lifted
               themselves
               voluntarily
               to
               give
               assistance
               to
               the
               Tusculanes
               ,
               who
               were
               enter'd
               into
               the
               Territories
               of
               the
               Aequi
               ,
               who
               had
               a
               little
               before
               most
               stoutly
               defended
               the
               Roman
               Empire
               .
               A
               new
               thing
               ,
               to
               hear
               the
               whole
               Army
               listing
               themselves
               ,
               lest
               their
               Countrey
               should
               seem
               to
               want
               a
               grateful
               mind
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               A
               great
               Example
               of
               Gratitude
               was
               that
               of
               the
               People
               toward
               
                 Q.
                 Fabius
                 Maximus
              
               :
               Who
               dying
               after
               he
               had
               born
               Five
               Consulships
               ,
               with
               great
               success
               and
               advantage
               to
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               strove
               who
               should
               bring
               in
               most
               Money
               to
               advance
               the
               splendour
               and
               magnificence
               of
               his
               Funeral
               .
               Let
               us
               prize
               the
               Reward
               of
               vertue
               ,
               when
               we
               finde
               brave
               men
               to
               be
               more
               happy
               in
               their
               Burials
               ,
               than
               the
               sloathful
               in
               their
               Lives
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               With
               no
               small
               glory
               was
               another
               piece
               of
               Gratitude
               shewn
               to
               the
               other
               Fabius
               ,
               yet
               living
               .
               For
               when
               Minutius
               ,
               Master
               of
               the
               Horse
               ,
               was
               made
               equal
               in
               Commission
               with
               him
               being
               Dictator
               ,
               by
               an
               Act
               of
               the
               Senate
               ,
               which
               was
               never
               done
               before
               ,
               and
               dividing
               the
               Army
               had
               fought
               apart
               with
               Hannibal
               in
               Samnium
               ;
               yet
               he
               seeing
               the
               great
               Overthrow
               he
               had
               like
               to
               have
               had
               by
               his
               own
               Rashness
               ,
               had
               not
               Fabius
               come
               in
               timely
               to
               his
               relief
               ,
               he
               presently
               acknowledged
               him
               for
               his
               Father
               ,
               and
               commanded
               him
               to
               be
               saluted
               Patron
               and
               Preserver
               by
               his
               own
               Legions
               ;
               and
               laying
               down
               his
               Commission
               of
               Equality
               ,
               submitted
               the
               Mastership
               of
               the
               Horse
               to
               the
               Dictatorship
               ,
               as
               of
               right
               it
               ought
               to
               have
               been
               ;
               correcting
               the
               impudent
               errour
               of
               the
               Vulgar
               ,
               by
               the
               grateful
               signification
               of
               his
               Minde
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               A
               Story
               to
               be
               related
               upon
               as
               good
               grounds
               ,
               is
               ,
               that
               
                 Terentius
                 Culeo
              
               ,
               a
               Pre●●rian
               by
               Birth
               ,
               and
               of
               the
               Senatorian
               Order
               ,
               should
               follow
               as
               he
               did
               the
               Triumphant
               Chariot
               of
               the
               Elder
               Scipio
               ,
               with
               his
               Cap
               in
               
               his
               hand
               bare-headed
               ,
               for
               that
               being
               a
               Captive
               to
               the
               Carthaginians
               ,
               he
               had
               been
               retaken
               by
               him
               .
               And
               therefore
               he
               deservedly
               return'd
               ,
               in
               view
               of
               the
               whole
               people
               ,
               the
               acknowledgment
               of
               a
               Benefit
               received
               from
               him
               ,
               as
               from
               his
               Patron
               ,
               who
               was
               the
               Author
               of
               his
               Liberty
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               But
               when
               Flaminius
               triumph'd
               over
               Philip
               ,
               there
               was
               not
               only
               one
               ,
               but
               two
               thousand
               Roman
               Citizens
               that
               followed
               his
               Chariot
               bare-headed
               ;
               who
               having
               been
               taken
               in
               the
               Punic
               Wars
               ,
               and
               being
               sold
               into
               Greece
               ,
               had
               been
               by
               his
               care
               collected
               together
               and
               restor'd
               to
               their
               former
               Freedome
               .
               The
               Honour
               of
               the
               General
               seem'd
               redoubled
               that
               day
               ,
               who
               at
               the
               same
               time
               let
               the
               People
               see
               their
               Enemies
               by
               him
               overcome
               ,
               their
               Fellow-Citizens
               by
               him
               preserved
               :
               Also
               their
               preservation
               was
               doubly
               acceptable
               to
               all
               ,
               seeing
               that
               so
               many
               ,
               and
               those
               so
               grateful
               persons
               ,
               had
               recovered
               their
               deserved
               Liberty
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               Metellus
               ,
               as
               famous
               for
               his
               Tears
               as
               others
               for
               their
               Victories
               ,
               obtain'd
               the
               name
               of
               Pious
               ,
               for
               his
               passionate
               and
               constant
               Love
               of
               his
               Father
               in
               Exilement
               :
               This
               man
               being
               Consul
               ,
               was
               not
               ashamed
               to
               entreat
               the
               People
               on
               the
               behalf
               of
               
                 Q.
                 Calidius
              
               ,
               Candidate
               for
               the
               Pretorship
               ,
               because
               that
               he
               being
               Tribune
               ,
               was
               author
               of
               the
               Law
               by
               which
               his
               Father
               was
               recall'd
               .
               He
               always
               after
               call'd
               him
               also
               the
               Patron
               of
               his
               House
               and
               Family
               .
               Nor
               did
               he
               thereby
               any
               way
               derogate
               from
               his
               greatness
               which
               he
               had
               obtain'd
               ;
               seeing
               that
               it
               was
               not
               the
               Lowness
               of
               his
               Spirit
               ,
               but
               the
               Gratefulness
               of
               his
               Minde
               ,
               which
               made
               him
               submit
               the
               grandeur
               of
               his
               Dignity
               to
               the
               greatest
               desert
               of
               an
               inferiour
               person
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               And
               therefore
               the
               Gratitude
               of
               
                 C.
                 Marius
              
               was
               not
               only
               eminent
               ,
               but
               seem'd
               to
               be
               the
               effect
               of
               a
               violent
               Passion
               :
               For
               observing
               two
               Cohorts
               of
               the
               Camertians
               to
               have
               bravely
               withstood
               the
               Fury
               of
               the
               
               Cimbrians
               ,
               contrary
               to
               the
               Condition
               of
               the
               League
               ,
               he
               immediately
               made
               them
               free
               of
               the
               City
               .
               Which
               act
               of
               his
               he
               both
               truely
               and
               nobly
               excused
               ,
               saying
               ,
               
                 That
                 in
                 the
                 noise
                 and
                 hurry
                 of
                 Battle
                 ,
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 hear
                 the
                 words
                 of
                 the
                 Civil
                 Law.
              
               And
               indeed
               it
               was
               a
               time
               then
               ,
               wherein
               there
               was
               more
               need
               to
               defend
               ,
               than
               hear
               the
               Law.
               
            
             
               9.
               
               Sylla
               in
               the
               Combat
               of
               Praise
               every
               where
               follows
               the
               footsteps
               of
               Marius
               .
               For
               being
               Dictator
               ,
               he
               not
               only
               uncovered
               his
               Head
               to
               Pompey
               being
               a
               private
               person
               ;
               but
               rising
               in
               his
               Chariot
               ,
               did
               alight
               from
               his
               Horse
               .
               And
               this
               in
               the
               Publick
               Assembly
               he
               declared
               himself
               to
               have
               done
               willingly
               ,
               remembring
               that
               the
               other
               when
               he
               was
               but
               two
               and
               twenty
               years
               of
               Age
               had
               taken
               his
               part
               ,
               with
               his
               Fathers
               Army
               .
               There
               were
               many
               remarkable
               things
               in
               Pompey
               ,
               but
               I
               know
               not
               whether
               any
               thing
               hapned
               to
               him
               more
               remarkable
               than
               this
               ,
               that
               the
               surplusage
               of
               his
               kindness
               caused
               Sylla
               at
               length
               to
               forget
               him
               .
            
             
               10.
               
               And
               while
               we
               talk
               of
               Men
               in
               high
               Splendour
               ,
               let
               there
               be
               some
               place
               for
               meaner
               Gratitude
               .
               For
               Cornutus
               the
               Pretor
               being
               commanded
               to
               bargain
               for
               the
               Funerals
               of
               Hirtius
               and
               Pansa
               ;
               they
               who
               provided
               all
               Necessaries
               for
               Funerals
               ,
               belonging
               to
               the
               Temple
               of
               Libitina
               ,
               promised
               the
               use
               of
               their
               things
               and
               their
               attendance
               gratis
               ;
               because
               they
               were
               slain
               fighting
               for
               their
               Countrey
               .
               And
               by
               their
               constant
               and
               earnest
               desire
               procured
               ,
               that
               the
               ordering
               of
               the
               Funeral
               might
               be
               at
               the
               rate
               of
               Sesterce
               M●n●y
               ,
               though
               at
               their
               own
               charges
               .
               Whose
               praise
               ,
               setting
               the
               Law
               aside
               ,
               their
               condition
               rather
               augments
               than
               extenuates
               ;
               seeing
               them
               the
               only
               contemners
               of
               gain
               ,
               that
               lived
               by
               no
               other
               thing
               than
               gain
               .
            
             
               
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 Examples
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 not
                 their
                 Ashes
                 take
                 it
                 ill
                 ,
                 if
                 Kings
                 of
                 Forraign
                 Nations
                 come
                 next
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 be
                 mentioned
                 after
                 this
                 sordid
                 tribe
                 ,
                 which
                 either
                 was
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 mentioned
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 to
                 be
                 placed
                 in
                 the
                 last
                 part
                 of
                 Domestick
                 Examples
                 .
                 But
                 since
                 honest
                 acts
                 done
                 by
                 the
                 meanest
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 slip
                 our
                 Memory
                 ,
                 while
                 they
                 obtain
                 a
                 distinct
                 and
                 proper
                 place
                 ,
                 they
                 neither
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 added
                 to
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 nor
                 preferr'd
                 before
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Darius
                 being
                 yet
                 a
                 private
                 person
                 ,
                 was
                 mightily
                 taken
                 with
                 a
                 short
                 Vestment
                 of
                 Syloson
                 the
                 Samian
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 more
                 curious
                 viewing
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 Syloson
                 to
                 give
                 it
                 him
                 freely
                 ,
                 who
                 so
                 much
                 desir'd
                 it
                 in
                 his
                 mind
                 .
                 But
                 how
                 great
                 a
                 value
                 he
                 put
                 upon
                 that
                 small
                 Gift
                 ,
                 he
                 soon
                 made
                 known
                 when
                 he
                 enjoyed
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 giving
                 to
                 Syloson
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 and
                 Island
                 of
                 the
                 Samians
                 for
                 his
                 possession
                 .
                 Not
                 that
                 he
                 honour'd
                 the
                 price
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 opportunity
                 and
                 season
                 of
                 the
                 Gift
                 ;
                 and
                 rather
                 consider'd
                 from
                 whom
                 the
                 Gift
                 came
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 whom
                 it
                 was
                 given
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Magnificently
                 grateful
                 also
                 was
                 King
                 Mithridates
                 ,
                 who
                 made
                 an
                 exchange
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Prisoners
                 taken
                 from
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 for
                 one
                 Leonicu●
                 a
                 most
                 stout
                 preserver
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 person
                 from
                 eminen●
                 danger
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 taken
                 in
                 a
                 Sea-fight
                 by
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 :
                 accompting
                 it
                 more
                 noble
                 to
                 give
                 his
                 most
                 bitter
                 Enemies
                 an
                 advantage
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 be
                 unmindful
                 of
                 one
                 that
                 had
                 so
                 well
                 deserved
                 of
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 More
                 liberal
                 yet
                 were
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 gave
                 all
                 Asia
                 for
                 a
                 Gift
                 to
                 King
                 Attalus
                 .
                 Though
                 Attalus
                 was
                 not
                 behinde-hand
                 in
                 the
                 Justice
                 of
                 his
                 last
                 Will
                 and
                 Testament
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 he
                 return'd
                 it
                 to
                 them
                 all
                 back
                 again
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 Munificence
                 of
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Gratitude
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 cannot
                 be
                 set
                 down
                 
                 in
                 so
                 many
                 words
                 of
                 praise
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 vast
                 Cities
                 given
                 in
                 friendship
                 and
                 religiously
                 restor'd
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Nor
                 can
                 I
                 tell
                 whether
                 the
                 breast
                 of
                 Massanisa
                 were
                 not
                 in
                 as
                 high
                 a
                 measure
                 replete
                 with
                 the
                 pledges
                 of
                 Gratitude
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 by
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 
                 Scipio's
                 and
                 the
                 Roman
                 friendship
                 being
                 put
                 into
                 the
                 poss●ssion
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 large
                 Kingdome
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 most
                 constant
                 and
                 loyal
                 Amity
                 continued
                 the
                 memory
                 of
                 that
                 noble
                 Gift
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 end
                 of
                 his
                 life
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 enjoyed
                 to
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 age
                 .
                 Insomuch
                 that
                 not
                 only
                 all
                 Africa
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 other
                 Nations
                 knew
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 more
                 fai●hful
                 to
                 the
                 Family
                 of
                 the
                 Cornelii
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 himself
                 .
                 He
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 were
                 very
                 hard
                 put
                 to
                 it
                 by
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 hardly
                 able
                 to
                 defend
                 his
                 own
                 Kingdome
                 ,
                 deliver'd
                 to
                 
                   Scipio
                   Aemilianus
                
                 ,
                 Nephew
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 Scipio
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Numidian
                 Army
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 sent
                 for
                 into
                 Spain
                 to
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 Lucullus
                 ,
                 preferring
                 former
                 benefits
                 before
                 the
                 present
                 danger
                 .
                 He
                 now
                 near
                 his
                 end
                 ,
                 leaving
                 great
                 Riches
                 and
                 Fifty
                 Sons
                 behind
                 him
                 ,
                 besought
                 
                   M.
                   V.
                   Manlius
                
                 ,
                 then
                 Proconsul
                 in
                 Africa
                 ,
                 to
                 send
                 
                   Scipio
                   Aemilianus
                
                 who
                 then
                 was
                 under
                 his
                 command
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 believing
                 he
                 should
                 die
                 more
                 happy
                 ,
                 could
                 he
                 but
                 commit
                 his
                 last
                 words
                 and
                 breath
                 to
                 his
                 Embraces
                 .
                 But
                 his
                 death
                 preventing
                 the
                 coming
                 of
                 Scipio
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 in
                 charge
                 to
                 his
                 Wife
                 and
                 Children
                 to
                 acknowledge
                 but
                 one
                 people
                 in
                 the
                 world
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 ;
                 and
                 but
                 one
                 Family
                 among
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Scipio's
                 .
                 That
                 he
                 left
                 all
                 entire
                 to
                 Aemilianus
                 ,
                 giving
                 him
                 the
                 sole
                 power
                 of
                 making
                 a
                 division
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 whatever
                 he
                 ordained
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 observe
                 as
                 inviolable
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 left
                 it
                 by
                 Will.
                 Thus
                 died
                 Massanisa
                 ,
                 having
                 prolong'd
                 his
                 life
                 through
                 many
                 and
                 divers
                 varieties
                 of
                 changes
                 to
                 the
                 hundredth
                 year
                 .
                 By
                 these
                 and
                 such
                 other
                 Examples
                 ,
                 is
                 well-doing
                 increased
                 and
                 continued
                 among
                 men
                 .
                 These
                 are
                 the
                 Motives
                 ,
                 these
                 the
                 Incentives
                 ,
                 
                 for
                 which
                 we
                 burn
                 with
                 a
                 desire
                 of
                 well-deserving
                 .
                 And
                 certainly
                 these
                 are
                 the
                 greatest
                 and
                 the
                 most
                 splendid
                 sort
                 of
                 Riches
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 accompted
                 opulent
                 in
                 bestowing
                 Riches
                 .
                 The
                 religious
                 regard
                 whereof
                 since
                 we
                 have
                 so
                 far
                 prosecuted
                 ,
                 let
                 us
                 now
                 shew
                 how
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 contemn'd
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 the
                 better
                 know
                 the
                 difference
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 most
                 acceptable
                 and
                 laudable
                 among
                 men
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               III.
               Of
               Ingratitude
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Senate
                   of
                
                 Rome
                 to
                 Romulus
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 
                   The
                   People
                   of
                
                 Rome
                 toward
                 Camillus
                 
                   and
                   others
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Of
                 Sextilius
                 toward
                 C.
                 Caesar
                 
                   the
                   Oratour
                
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Of
                 Popilius
                 toward
                 M.
                 Cicero
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Of
                 Cn.
                 Pompey
                 
                   the
                   Great
                   toward
                
                 Cn.
                 Carbo
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 Examples
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   Of
                   the
                
                 Carthaginians
                 toward
                 Hannibal
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 
                   Of
                   the
                
                 Spartans
                 toward
                 Lycurgus
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 Athenians
                 to
                 Theseus
                 .
              
            
             
               1.
               
               THe
               Senate
               placed
               by
               the
               Parent
               of
               our
               City
               in
               the
               highest
               degree
               of
               Honour
               ,
               yet
               miserably
               tore
               him
               in
               pieces
               in
               the
               Senate-House
               ;
               and
               thought
               it
               no
               crime
               to
               take
               away
               his
               Life
               ,
               who
               had
               given
               life
               to
               the
               Roman
               Empire
               .
               That
               rude
               and
               fierce
               Age
               contaminated
               with
               the
               Blood
               of
               their
               Founder
               ,
               the
               known
               Piety
               of
               posterity
               cannot
               dissemble
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               This
               ingrateful
               errour
               of
               a
               debauch'd
               minde
               shortly
               after
               caus'd
               the
               sad
               repentance
               of
               our
               City
               .
               
               Camillus
               ,
               the
               most
               triumphant
               Enlarger
               ,
               and
               the
               most
               certain
               Defender
               of
               the
               Roman
               Power
               ,
               yet
               could
               not
               preserve
               himself
               in
               his
               own
               City
               ,
               whose
               safeguard
               he
               had
               establish'd
               ,
               encreas'd
               and
               enlarg'd
               .
               For
               being
               accused
               by
               
                 L.
                 Apuleius
              
               Tribune
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               for
               having
               embezled
               the
               Spoils
               of
               the
               Veientines
               ,
               he
               was
               by
               a
               hard
               ,
               and
               as
               I
               may
               say
               Iron
               Sentence
               ,
               condemn'd
               and
               sent
               into
               Exilement
               .
               And
               at
               such
               a
               time
               ,
               when
               having
               lost
               a
               most
               hopeful
               Son
               ,
               he
               was
               rather
               to
               have
               been
               relieved
               with
               Comfort
               ,
               than
               to
               have
               been
               laden
               with
               Calamities
               .
               But
               his
               Countrey
               unmindful
               of
               the
               extraordinary
               Merits
               of
               so
               great
               a
               Person
               ,
               heap●d
               the
               affliction
               of
               Exilement
               upon
               the
               loss
               of
               his
               Son.
               Poorly
               done
               ,
               for
               Fifteen
               thousand
               Pence
               (
               a
               pitiful
               Sum
               )
               to
               deprive
               themselves
               of
               so
               great
               a
               Prince
               .
               The
               Elder
               African
               ,
               when
               Rome
               was
               almost
               quite
               broken
               by
               the
               Arms
               of
               the
               Carthaginians
               ,
               when
               she
               lay
               bleeding
               to
               death
               ,
               and
               bleeding
               out
               the
               very
               last
               drop
               ,
               restored
               her
               again
               ,
               and
               made
               her
               Mistress
               of
               all
               Africa
               ;
               in
               recompence
               whereof
               ,
               his
               Countrey-men
               continued
               him
               to
               a
               poor
               Village
               near
               a
               stinking
               Lake
               ▪
               of
               which
               he
               seem'd
               to
               be
               sensible
               to
               his
               death
               ,
               causing
               this
               Inscription
               to
               be
               put
               upon
               his
               Tomb
               :
               
                 INGRATEFVL
                 COVNTREY
                 ,
                 THOV
                 HAST
                 NOT
                 SO
                 MVCH
                 AS
                 MY
                 BONES
                 .
              
               What
               more
               unworthy
               the
               necessity
               which
               they
               put
               him
               to
               ,
               what
               more
               just
               than
               his
               complaint
               ,
               or
               more
               moderate
               than
               his
               revenge
               ?
               He
               denied
               his
               ashes
               to
               a
               City
               ,
               which
               he
               had
               preserved
               from
               being
               reduced
               to
               ashe●
               .
               T●erefore
               was
               this
               revenge
               a
               greater
               unkindness
               to
               ungrateful
               Rome
               ,
               than
               the
               violence
               which
               Coriolanus
               offer'd
               to
               it
               .
               For
               he
               onely
               affrighted
               Rome
               ,
               this
               man
               made
               Rome
               ashamed
               :
               not
               being
               willing
               ,
               such
               was
               his
               piety
               ,
               ●o
               complain
               of
               their
               Severity
               ,
               till
               after
               his
               Death
               .
               For
               ,
               no
               question
               ,
               it
               was
               a
               kind
               of
               comfort
               to
               him
               ,
               that
               his
               Brother
               had
               suffered
               the
               same
               before
               ;
               who
               after
               he
               had
               overthrown
               
               Antiochus
               ,
               and
               reduced
               Asia
               under
               the
               subjection
               of
               the
               People
               of
               Rome
               ,
               was
               by
               the
               People
               accused
               of
               converting
               the
               publick
               Money
               to
               his
               own
               private
               use
               ,
               and
               thrown
               into
               prison
               .
            
             
               No
               less
               inferiour
               in
               Vertue
               was
               the
               Younger
               Africanus
               ,
               nor
               yet
               more
               fortunate
               in
               his
               end
               .
               For
               alter
               he
               had
               quite
               reduced
               to
               nothing
               two
               Cities
               ,
               Numantia
               and
               Carthage
               ,
               both
               threatning
               destruction
               to
               the
               Roman
               Empire
               ,
               met
               with
               his
               murtherer
               at
               home
               ,
               but
               not
               with
               one
               to
               revenge
               his
               death
               in
               all
               the
               Forum
               .
               Who
               can
               be
               ignorant
               that
               
                 Scipio
                 Nasica
              
               was
               as
               famous
               for
               Counsel
               ,
               as
               the
               other
               two
               
               Scipio's
               were
               for
               War
               ?
               Who
               kept
               
                 T.
                 Gracchus
              
               from
               strangling
               the
               Common-wealth
               with
               his
               pestiferous
               hands
               ;
               yet
               he
               ,
               because
               of
               the
               low
               esteem
               which
               his
               Citizens
               had
               of
               his
               Virtue
               ,
               under
               the
               specious
               pretence
               of
               an
               Embassie
               ,
               went
               into
               a
               voluntary
               Exilement
               ,
               as
               far
               as
               Pergamus
               ,
               and
               there
               spent
               the
               remainder
               of
               his
               days
               ,
               never
               sought
               after
               by
               his
               ungrateful
               Countrey
               .
            
             
               I
               still
               keep
               in
               the
               same
               name
               ,
               not
               having
               yet
               done
               with
               the
               complaints
               of
               the
               Cornelian
               Family
               .
               For
               
                 P.
                 Lentulus
              
               ,
               a
               most
               famous
               Citizen
               and
               eminent
               Lover
               of
               his
               Countrey
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               overthrown
               
                 C.
                 Gracchus
              
               in
               a
               pitched
               field
               in
               the
               Countrey
               of
               Aventinum
               ,
               as
               a
               reward
               of
               that
               Victory
               ,
               whereby
               he
               preserved
               the
               Laws
               ,
               Peace
               and
               Liberty
               of
               his
               Countrey
               ,
               was
               not
               permitted
               to
               live
               in
               the
               City
               ,
               and
               therefore
               wearied
               with
               envy
               and
               slaunder
               ,
               he
               begg'd
               a
               Lieutenancy
               of
               the
               Senate
               ;
               and
               having
               made
               a
               set
               Speech
               ,
               wherein
               he
               prayed
               to
               the
               Immortal
               Gods
               that
               his
               ingrateful
               Countrey
               might
               never
               have
               occasion
               to
               use
               him
               again
               ,
               he
               went
               into
               Sicily
               ,
               and
               there
               spent
               the
               remainder
               of
               his
               days
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               But
               what
               Satyr
               can
               be
               sharp
               enough
               ,
               what
               words
               severe
               enough
               to
               express
               the
               Ingratitude
               of
               
                 P.
                 Sexillius
              
               ?
               who
               being
               defended
               and
               fairly
               brought
               off
               from
               an
               Accusation
               highly
               Criminal
               by
               
                 C.
                 Caesar
              
               ,
               yet
               betrayed
               
               and
               delivered
               him
               up
               to
               the
               cruelty
               of
               his
               enemy
               ,
               coming
               to
               his
               house
               for
               shelter
               in
               the
               time
               of
               
               Cinna's
               proscription
               .
               Had
               his
               accuser
               implored
               the
               same
               kindness
               upon
               his
               knees
               ,
               it
               had
               bin
               inhumane
               to
               have
               denied
               him
               .
               For
               those
               that
               injuries
               do
               cause
               us
               to
               hate
               ,
               misery
               makes
               us
               to
               compassionate
               .
               But
               Sextilius
               betrayed
               not
               his
               Accuser
               ,
               but
               his
               Protector
               ,
               to
               the
               cut-throat
               hand
               of
               his
               most
               inveterate
               adversary
               :
               if
               for
               fear
               of
               death
               ,
               unworthy
               of
               life
               ,
               if
               for
               hope
               of
               reward
               ,
               most
               worthy
               of
               death
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               To
               repeat
               another
               Example
               of
               the
               same
               nature
               .
               
                 M.
                 Cicero
              
               had
               defended
               
                 C.
                 Popilius
                 Lenas
              
               of
               the
               Countrey
               of
               Picena
               ,
               with
               no
               less
               Care
               than
               Eloquence
               ,
               when
               his
               Cause
               was
               very
               doubtful
               .
               This
               Popilius
               afterwards
               ,
               being
               neither
               in
               word
               or
               deed
               injur'd
               by
               Cicero
               ,
               of
               his
               own
               accord
               begg'd
               of
               
                 M.
                 Antonius
              
               ;
               that
               he
               might
               be
               the
               person
               to
               be
               sent
               by
               him
               to
               cut
               his
               Throat
               in
               his
               Banishment
               ;
               and
               having
               obtain'd
               that
               detestable
               Commission
               ,
               away
               he
               flew
               over-joy'd
               to
               Cajeta
               ;
               and
               that
               very
               person
               ,
               I
               need
               not
               say
               who
               was
               the
               author
               of
               his
               dignity
               and
               safety
               ,
               but
               also
               one
               who
               ought
               to
               have
               been
               respected
               by
               him
               to
               the
               utmost
               ,
               that
               very
               person
               did
               he
               command
               patiently
               to
               lie
               down
               ,
               and
               have
               his
               head
               struck
               off
               .
               And
               thus
               laden
               with
               the
               head
               of
               the
               Roman
               Eloquence
               ,
               and
               the
               most
               famous
               right
               hand
               of
               Peace
               ,
               he
               return'd
               with
               joy
               to
               the
               City
               ,
               as
               if
               he
               had
               brought
               along
               with
               him
               the
               Spoils
               of
               some
               Enemy
               .
               Letters
               are
               too
               imperfect
               to
               set
               forth
               this
               Monster
               ,
               seeing
               there
               is
               not
               another
               Cicero
               living
               to
               bewail
               his
               unhappy
               fate
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               What
               shall
               I
               say
               of
               thee
               ,
               Great
               Pompey
               ,
               I
               know
               not
               :
               While
               I
               consider
               the
               vastness
               of
               thy
               great
               Fortune
               and
               Renown
               ,
               that
               once
               orespread
               the
               Sea
               as
               well
               as
               the
               Land.
               But
               though
               we
               should
               be
               silent
               ,
               the
               Death
               of
               
                 Cn.
                 Carbo
              
               ,
               by
               whom
               thou
               wert
               protected
               in
               thy
               youth
               ,
               when
               contesting
               in
               the
               Forum
               for
               thy
               
               estate
               ,
               slain
               by
               thy
               command
               ,
               will
               never
               be
               forgotten
               :
               by
               which
               ingrateful
               fact
               ,
               thou
               didst
               seem
               to
               stand
               more
               in
               awe
               of
               
               Sylla's
               Power
               ,
               than
               so
               consult
               thine
               own
               Honour
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 But
                 lest
                 other
                 Cities
                 should
                 insult
                 ,
                 after
                 we
                 have
                 confess'd
                 our
                 own
                 Infirmities
                 ;
                 we
                 finde
                 that
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 had
                 an
                 intention
                 to
                 have
                 kill'd
                 or
                 banish'd
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 after
                 that
                 for
                 their
                 honour
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 enlargement
                 of
                 their
                 Empire
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 slain
                 so
                 many
                 of
                 our
                 Generals
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 to
                 pieces
                 so
                 many
                 of
                 our
                 Armies
                 ;
                 that
                 had
                 he
                 but
                 slain
                 so
                 many
                 common
                 Souldiers
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 it
                 had
                 won
                 him
                 renown
                 sufficient
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Lacedaemon
                 never
                 bred
                 a
                 greater
                 or
                 more
                 profitable
                 Citizen
                 than
                 Lycurgus
                 ;
                 being
                 a
                 person
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Pythian
                   Apollo
                
                 did
                 not
                 disdain
                 to
                 speak
                 to
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 consulted
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 and
                 told
                 him
                 ,
                 He
                 knew
                 not
                 whether
                 he
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 accompted
                 a
                 Man
                 or
                 a
                 God.
                 Yet
                 neither
                 the
                 Integrity
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 constant
                 Love
                 which
                 he
                 bare
                 his
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 nor
                 all
                 the
                 wholesome
                 Laws
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 made
                 ,
                 could
                 preserve
                 him
                 from
                 the
                 hatred
                 of
                 his
                 Citizens
                 .
                 For
                 sometimes
                 they
                 threw
                 stones
                 at
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Streets
                 ;
                 they
                 put
                 out
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 utterly
                 banish'd
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Countrey
                 .
                 What
                 may
                 we
                 think
                 of
                 other
                 Cities
                 ,
                 when
                 a
                 City
                 so
                 famous
                 as
                 this
                 for
                 Constancy
                 ,
                 Moderation
                 and
                 Gravity
                 ,
                 proved
                 so
                 ungrateful
                 against
                 a
                 Citizen
                 so
                 well
                 deserving
                 ?
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Take
                 Theseus
                 from
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 either
                 there
                 would
                 have
                 been
                 no
                 such
                 thing
                 as
                 Athens
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 not
                 half
                 so
                 famous
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 reduced
                 his
                 scatter'd
                 Countreymen
                 into
                 one
                 City
                 :
                 and
                 gave
                 the
                 shape
                 and
                 form
                 of
                 a
                 City
                 to
                 a
                 wild
                 and
                 clownish
                 People
                 before
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 was
                 but
                 a
                 Youth
                 ,
                 he
                 quel●'d
                 the
                 usurping
                 Tyranny
                 
                 of
                 Minos
                 :
                 He
                 tam'd
                 the
                 boundless
                 insolency
                 of
                 the
                 Thebans
                 :
                 He
                 assisted
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Hercules
                 ;
                 and
                 where-ever
                 Enormity
                 was
                 grown
                 headstrong
                 and
                 monstrous
                 ,
                 he
                 overcame
                 it
                 by
                 his
                 Vertue
                 and
                 his
                 Power
                 .
                 Yet
                 was
                 he
                 banished
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Island
                 Scyros
                 ,
                 less
                 than
                 the
                 Exile
                 ,
                 became
                 only
                 famous
                 for
                 his
                 Tomb.
                 Solon
                 also
                 that
                 made
                 such
                 wholesome
                 Laws
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 famous
                 withal
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 the
                 Athenians
                 used
                 them
                 still
                 ,
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 still
                 the
                 Lords
                 of
                 great
                 Territories
                 :
                 Who
                 took
                 Salamine
                 a
                 strong
                 Fortress
                 that
                 threatned
                 their
                 ruine
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 distance
                 from
                 them
                 :
                 Who
                 foresaw
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 of
                 Pisistratus
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 durst
                 advise
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 resist
                 him
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 ;
                 in
                 his
                 old
                 age
                 lived
                 an
                 Exile
                 in
                 Cyprus
                 .
                 Nor
                 was
                 it
                 his
                 hap
                 to
                 be
                 buried
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 so
                 well
                 deserved
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 had
                 dealt
                 well
                 by
                 Miltiades
                 ,
                 had
                 they
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Battle
                 of
                 Marathon
                 ,
                 wherein
                 he
                 overcame
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 loss
                 of
                 three
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 sent
                 him
                 presently
                 into
                 Exile
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 kept
                 him
                 in
                 prison
                 till
                 he
                 died
                 :
                 Nay
                 more
                 than
                 that
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 suffer
                 his
                 Body
                 to
                 be
                 buried
                 ,
                 till
                 Cimon
                 his
                 Son
                 had
                 surrender'd
                 himself
                 into
                 the
                 same
                 place
                 .
                 A
                 sad
                 Inheritance
                 for
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Captain
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 himself
                 afterwards
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Captains
                 of
                 that
                 Age.
                 Aristides
                 also
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 Rule
                 of
                 Justice
                 all
                 over
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 greatest
                 example
                 of
                 Continence
                 that
                 ever
                 was
                 ,
                 was
                 commanded
                 to
                 depart
                 his
                 Countrey
                 .
                 Happy
                 Athens
                 ,
                 could
                 they
                 have
                 found
                 out
                 any
                 one
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 either
                 a
                 Good
                 Man
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 Lover
                 of
                 his
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 after
                 this
                 man
                 was
                 gone
                 ,
                 with
                 whom
                 Sanctity
                 itself
                 seem'd
                 to
                 go
                 along
                 !
                 Themistocles
                 was
                 a
                 notable
                 example
                 of
                 all
                 that
                 had
                 experience
                 of
                 the
                 Ingratitude
                 of
                 their
                 Countrey
                 ?
                 For
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 setled
                 Athens
                 in
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 raised
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 most
                 famous
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 wealthy
                 ,
                 the
                 Mistriss
                 of
                 all
                 Greece
                 ,
                 he
                 found
                 his
                 Countrey-men
                 so
                 incens'd
                 against
                 
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 flie
                 to
                 the
                 mercy
                 of
                 Xerxes
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 ruin'd
                 before
                 .
                 Phocion
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 endow'd
                 with
                 two
                 qualities
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 best
                 to
                 appease
                 Wrath
                 and
                 Fury
                 ,
                 I
                 mean
                 Eloquence
                 and
                 Integrity
                 ,
                 was
                 forced
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 to
                 fly
                 his
                 Countrey
                 :
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 dead
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 permitted
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 one
                 turf
                 of
                 Athenian
                 land
                 to
                 cover
                 his
                 bones
                 .
                 Certainly
                 then
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 lookt
                 upon
                 as
                 a
                 publick
                 piece
                 of
                 Madness
                 ,
                 by
                 common
                 consent
                 ,
                 to
                 punish
                 the
                 greatest
                 Vertues
                 as
                 the
                 greatest
                 Crimes
                 :
                 which
                 not
                 being
                 to
                 b●
                 any
                 where
                 endured
                 ,
                 ought
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 more
                 especially
                 exploded
                 and
                 abominated
                 in
                 Athens
                 ;
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Law
                 against
                 Ingratitude
                 .
                 And
                 not
                 without
                 reason
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 looses
                 and
                 abolishes
                 the
                 commerce
                 of
                 doing
                 and
                 receiving
                 Benefits
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 support
                 of
                 human
                 Life
                 ,
                 that
                 neglects
                 to
                 return
                 Kindness
                 for
                 Kindness
                 .
                 How
                 severely
                 therefore
                 are
                 they
                 to
                 be
                 reprehended
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 most
                 just
                 Laws
                 ,
                 but
                 being
                 very
                 wickedly
                 enclined
                 ,
                 rather
                 choose
                 to
                 obey
                 their
                 deprav'd
                 manners
                 ,
                 than
                 their
                 Laws
                 ?
                 So
                 that
                 if
                 it
                 could
                 happen
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 great
                 Persons
                 ,
                 whose
                 misfortunes
                 I
                 have
                 related
                 ,
                 could
                 appeal
                 to
                 any
                 other
                 Cities
                 ,
                 d'
                 ye
                 think
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 quickly
                 have
                 silenced
                 those
                 talkative
                 People
                 ,
                 as
                 ingenious
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 ?
                 Marathon
                 glitters
                 with
                 the
                 Persian
                 Trophies
                 ;
                 Salamis
                 and
                 Artemisium
                 beheld
                 the
                 Ruine
                 of
                 Xerxes
                 Navy
                 :
                 Those
                 Walls
                 that
                 were
                 pull'd
                 down
                 ,
                 rise
                 more
                 glorious
                 from
                 their
                 ruines
                 .
                 But
                 what
                 are
                 become
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 great
                 Men
                 that
                 did
                 these
                 great
                 things
                 ?
                 Answer
                 Athens
                 for
                 thy self
                 .
                 Thou
                 hast
                 suffer'd
                 Theseus
                 to
                 be
                 buried
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 Rock
                 ,
                 Milti●des
                 to
                 die
                 in
                 Prison
                 ,
                 and
                 Cimon
                 his
                 Son
                 to
                 wear
                 his
                 Fathers
                 ●hains
                 ;
                 Themistocles
                 a
                 Victor
                 to
                 prostrate
                 himself
                 at
                 the
                 Knees
                 of
                 that
                 very
                 person
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 vanquished
                 ;
                 Phocion
                 also
                 ,
                 Solon
                 and
                 Aristides
                 ,
                 to
                 forsake
                 their
                 Houshold-gods
                 ,
                 when
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ye
                 give
                 divine
                 Honour
                 to
                 the
                 Bones
                 of
                 Oedipus
                 ,
                 infamous
                 
                 for
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 marrying
                 his
                 Mo●her
                 .
                 Read
                 therefore
                 thy
                 own
                 Law
                 ,
                 which
                 thou
                 art
                 bound
                 by
                 oath
                 to
                 observe
                 ;
                 and
                 since
                 thou
                 wouldst
                 not
                 give
                 due
                 Reward
                 to
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 make
                 just
                 atonements
                 to
                 their
                 injured
                 Ghosts
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 silent
                 ▪
                 but
                 whoever
                 reads
                 the
                 ungrateful
                 acts
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 severe
                 and
                 free
                 to
                 eternity
                 to
                 reproach
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Crime
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               IV.
               Of
               Piety
               toward
               Parents
               .
            
             
               
                 ROMAN
                 Examples
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Cn.
                 Marcius
                 Coriolanus
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Scipio
                 Africanus
                 
                   the
                   Great
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 T.
                 Manlius
                 Torquatus
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 M.
                 Aurelius
                 Cotta
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 C.
                 Flaminius
                 Tribune
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Claudia
                 ,
                 
                   a
                   Vestal
                
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 
                   A
                   Daughter
                   that
                   gave
                   her
                   Mother
                   suck
                   in
                   Prison
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 External
                 Examples
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Pero
                 ,
                 
                   a
                   Daughter
                   ,
                   gave
                   her
                   Father
                   suck
                   in
                   Prison
                   .
                
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Cimon
                 the
                 Athenian
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 
                   Two
                   Brothers
                
                 Spaniards
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Cleobis
                 and
                 Bython
                 ,
                 Amphinomous
                 and
                 Anapus
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Scythians
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Croesus
                 
                   's
                   dumb
                   Son.
                
                 
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Pulto
                 .
              
            
             
               BUt
               leave
               these
               Ingrates
               ,
               and
               talk
               of
               those
               that
               have
               been
               accompted
               pious
               ;
               for
               honest
               subjects
               are
               more
               pleasing
               than
               Stories
               of
               the
               wicked
               .
               Let
               us
               come
               then
               to
               those
               ,
               who
               have
               been
               so
               fortunate
               in
               their
               Offspring
               ,
               as
               never
               to
               repent
               the
               promotion
               of
               Genera●ion
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               Coriolanus
               ,
               a
               person
               of
               a
               vast
               Courage
               and
               deep
               
               in
               Co●nsel
               ,
               and
               well-deserving
               of
               his
               Countrey
               ,
               yet
               almost
               ruin'd
               under
               the
               oppression
               of
               an
               unjust
               Sentence
               ,
               fl●d
               to
               the
               Volsci
               ,
               who
               were
               Enemies
               to
               the
               Romans
               .
               For
               Vertue
               gets
               esteem
               wherever
               it
               goes
               .
               So
               that
               where
               he
               only
               sought
               for
               refuge
               ,
               in
               a
               short
               time
               he
               obtain'd
               the
               chief
               command
               of
               all
               things
               .
               And
               it
               hapned
               that
               he
               ,
               who
               was
               by
               the
               Romans
               refused
               for
               their
               Leader
               ,
               had
               like
               to
               have
               proved
               their
               most
               fatal
               Enemy
               .
               For
               the
               Volsci
               having
               often
               overcome
               our
               Armies
               ,
               by
               his
               Conduct
               and
               Valour
               ,
               came
               up
               and
               begirt
               the
               very
               walls
               of
               Rome
               .
               For
               this
               reason
               the
               People
               that
               were
               so
               haughty
               ,
               as
               not
               to
               value
               their
               own
               happiness
               ,
               were
               forced
               to
               supplicate
               an
               Exile
               ,
               whose
               offence
               they
               would
               not
               pardon
               before
               .
               Emb●ss●dors
               were
               sent
               to
               appease
               him
               ,
               but
               they
               could
               do
               no
               good
               :
               the
               Priests
               went
               in
               their
               r●ligious
               Habits
               ,
               but
               returned
               without
               obtaining
               any
               favour
               :
               The
               Senators
               were
               at
               their
               Wits
               end
               ,
               the
               People
               trembled
               ,
               both
               Men
               and
               Women
               bewail'd
               their
               approaching
               Calamity
               .
               But
               then
               Veturia
               .
               Coriolanus's
               Mo●her
               ,
               ●aking
               along
               with
               her
               Volumnia
               his
               Wife
               ,
               and
               Children
               also
               ,
               went
               to
               the
               Camp
               of
               the
               Volsci
               :
               whom
               assoon
               as
               h●r
               Son
               espied
               ,
               
                 O
                 my
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 thou
                 hast
                 overcome
                 my
                 anger
                 ,
              
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 by
                 vertue
                 of
                 this
                 Womans
                 tears
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 Wombs
                 sake
                 that
                 bare
                 me
                 ,
                 I
                 forgive
                 thee
                 ,
                 though
                 my
                 enemy
              
               ;
               and
               immediately
               he
               withdrew
               his
               Army
               from
               the
               Roman
               Territories
               .
               And
               his
               ●i●ty
               encountred
               and
               overcame
               all
               Obstacles
               ,
               as
               well
               his
               reveng●
               of
               the
               Injury
               received
               ,
               the
               hopes
               of
               Vi●tory
               ,
               as
               the
               fear
               of
               Death
               upon
               his
               return
               .
               And
               thus
               the
               sight
               of
               one
               Parent
               changed
               a
               most
               severe
               War
               into
               a
               timely
               Peace
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               same
               Piety
               inflam'd
               the
               Elder
               Africanus
               ,
               hardly
               past
               the
               age
               of
               Childhood
               ,
               to
               the
               s●ccour
               o●
               his
               Father
               ,
               and
               arm'd
               him
               with
               many
               strength
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               the
               Battle
               .
               For
               he
               saved
               th●
               Consul
               ,
               being
               desp●rately
               wounded
               in
               the
               Battle
               which
               he
               lost
               to
               
               Hannibal
               upon
               the
               River
               Ticinus
               :
               nothing
               terrified
               either
               by
               the
               weakness
               of
               his
               Age
               ,
               the
               rawness
               of
               skill
               in
               War
               ,
               or
               the
               event
               of
               an
               unfortunate
               Fight
               ,
               which
               would
               ,
               have
               dau●t●d
               an
               old
               Soldier
               ;
               he
               thereby
               merited
               a
               Crown
               conspicuous
               for
               its
               double
               Honour
               ;
               he
               having
               recover'd
               from
               the
               jaws
               of
               death
               ,
               a
               Father
               and
               a
               G●neral
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Those
               famous
               Examples
               the
               City
               only
               received
               by
               hearsay
               ;
               these
               they
               beheld
               with
               their
               eyes
               .
               Pomponius
               the
               Tribune
               had
               accused
               
                 T.
                 Manlius
                 Imperiossus
              
               to
               the
               People
               ,
               for
               that
               he
               had
               exce●ded
               his
               Commission
               ,
               out
               of
               hopes
               of
               making
               an
               end
               of
               the
               War
               ,
               and
               for
               sending
               away
               his
               Son
               ,
               which
               was
               a
               person
               of
               very
               great
               hop●s
               ,
               from
               publick
               employment
               ,
               to
               follow
               his
               own
               coun●rey-affairs
               .
               Which
               when
               Manlius
               understood
               ,
               he
               came
               to
               the
               City
               ,
               and
               went
               by
               break
               of
               day
               to
               
               Pomponius's
               House
               ;
               who
               believing
               that
               he
               came
               to
               aggravate
               his
               Fathers
               Crimes
               ,
               by
               whom
               he
               had
               been
               ill
               used
               ,
               commanded
               all
               the
               people
               out
               of
               the
               Chamb●r
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               ●he
               more
               freely
               take
               his
               Examination
               .
               The
               Son
               having
               thereby
               got
               an
               opportunity
               so
               fit
               for
               his
               turn
               ,
               drew
               his
               Sword
               which
               he
               had
               brought
               privat●ly
               under
               his
               Coat
               ,
               compell'd
               the
               threatned
               and
               terrified
               Consul
               to
               swear
               ,
               that
               he
               would
               forbear
               any
               farther
               prosecution
               of
               his
               Father
               :
               So
               that
               Imperiossus
               never
               came
               to
               his
               Trial.
               Piety
               toward
               mind
               Parents
               is
               commendable
               :
               But
               Manlius
               ,
               the
               more
               severe
               to
               him
               his
               Father
               was
               ,
               the
               greater
               praise
               he
               merited
               ,
               by
               the
               assistance
               which
               he
               gave
               him
               ;
               being
               invited
               by
               no
               allurement
               of
               Indulgence
               ,
               but
               only
               natural
               Aflection
               to
               love
               him
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               This
               sort
               of
               Piety
               did
               
                 M.
                 Cotta
              
               imitate
               ,
               the
               very
               same
               day
               that
               he
               put
               on
               the
               Coat
               of
               Manhood
               ;
               when
               assoon
               as
               he
               descended
               out
               of
               the
               Capitol
               ,
               he
               accused
               Carbo
               who
               had
               condemn'd
               his
               Father
               ,
               and
               b●ing
               condemn'd
               prosecuted
               him
               to
               punishment
               ;
               ennobling
               
               his
               early
               Youth
               ,
               and
               first
               attempt
               in
               publick
               business
               ,
               with
               a
               famous
               action
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Paternal
               Authority
               was
               equally
               reverenced
               by
               
                 C.
                 Flaminius
              
               .
               For
               when
               he
               being
               a
               popular
               Tribune
               had
               publish'd
               a
               Law
               for
               dividing
               the
               Gallick
               Land
               to
               every
               particular
               man
               ,
               in
               opposition
               to
               the
               Senate
               ,
               and
               quite
               against
               their
               wills
               ,
               contemning
               both
               their
               threats
               and
               entreaties
               ,
               and
               not
               at
               all
               terrified
               with
               the
               threats
               of
               an
               Army
               ,
               which
               they
               menaced
               to
               raise
               against
               him
               ,
               if
               he
               persisted
               in
               his
               obstinacy
               ;
               was
               got
               into
               the
               Pulpit
               for
               Orations
               ,
               reading
               his
               Law
               to
               the
               Peopl●
               ;
               yet
               when
               his
               Father
               pull'd
               him
               away
               ,
               he
               came
               down
               obedient
               to
               Paternal
               Command
               :
               no
               man
               murmuring
               in
               the
               least
               to
               see
               him
               break
               off
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               his
               Speech
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               These
               were
               great
               eff●cts
               of
               Manly
               Piety
               ;
               but
               I
               cannot
               tell
               whether
               the
               act
               of
               Claudia
               ,
               the
               Vestal
               Virgin
               ,
               were
               not
               as
               forcible
               and
               as
               couragious
               .
               Who
               ,
               when
               she
               saw
               her
               Father
               pull'd
               out
               of
               his
               Triumphal
               Chariot
               ,
               by
               the
               rude
               hand
               of
               a
               Tribune
               ,
               with
               a
               wonderful
               celerity
               interposing
               her self
               between
               ,
               appeased
               the
               highest
               Authority
               in
               the
               City
               ,
               inflamed
               with
               Anger
               and
               Malice
               .
               So
               that
               the
               Father
               rode
               in
               Triumph
               to
               the
               Capitol
               ,
               the
               D●ughter
               to
               the
               Temple
               of
               Vesta
               .
               Nor
               could
               it
               be
               righ●y
               decided
               to
               which
               most
               praise
               was
               due
               ,
               whether
               to
               him
               whom
               Victory
               ,
               or
               her
               whom
               Piety
               attended
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               Pardon
               me
               most
               antient
               Hearths
               ,
               pardon
               me
               eternal
               Fires
               ,
               if
               the
               context
               of
               our
               work
               lead
               us
               from
               your
               most
               sacred
               Temple
               ,
               to
               the
               more
               necessary
               rather
               than
               magnificent
               part
               of
               the
               City
               .
               For
               no
               Misfortune
               ,
               no
               Poverty
               cheapens
               the
               price
               of
               Piety
               .
               Rather
               the
               trial
               of
               it
               is
               more
               certain
               ,
               by
               how
               much
               th●
               more
               miserable
               .
               The
               Pretor
               had
               delivered
               to
               the
               Triumvir
               a
               noble
               Woman
               to
               be
               put
               to
               death
               in
               Prison
               '
               being
               condemned
               for
               some
               hainous
               Crime
               .
               But
               the
               
               Keeper
               ,
               compassionating
               her
               case
               ,
               did
               not
               strangle
               her
               presently
               .
               All
               the
               while
               he
               gave
               her
               Daughter
               liberty
               to
               come
               to
               her
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               diligently
               search'd
               that
               she
               carried
               her
               no
               food
               ,
               believing
               that
               in
               a
               little
               time
               she
               might
               be
               starv'd
               to
               death
               .
               But
               seeing
               her
               live
               many
               days
               without
               any
               alteration
               ,
               he
               began
               to
               consider
               with
               himself
               by
               what
               means
               she
               kept
               herself
               alive
               ;
               thereupon
               more
               diligently
               watching
               her
               Daughter
               ,
               he
               observ'd
               her
               giving
               her
               Breast
               to
               her
               Mother
               ,
               and
               pacifying
               the
               rage
               of
               her
               hunger
               with
               her
               Nipples
               .
               The
               novelty
               of
               which
               wonderful
               sight
               ,
               being
               by
               him
               related
               to
               the
               Triumvir
               ,
               by
               the
               Triumvir
               to
               the
               Pretor
               ,
               by
               the
               Pretor
               to
               the
               Council
               of
               the
               Judges
               ,
               they
               granted
               the
               Woman
               her
               pardon
               .
               What
               will
               not
               Piety
               invent
               ,
               that
               for
               the
               preservation
               of
               a
               Parent
               in
               prison
               ,
               found
               out
               so
               strange
               a
               means
               as
               this
               ?
               For
               what
               more
               unusual
               ,
               what
               more
               unheard-of
               ,
               than
               that
               a
               Mother
               should
               be
               nourished
               by
               the
               Breasts
               of
               a
               Child
               ?
               One
               would
               think
               this
               were
               against
               the
               course
               of
               Nature
               ,
               but
               that
               Nature
               commands
               us
               in
               the
               first
               place
               to
               love
               our
               Parents
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 Examples
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 same
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 said
                 of
                 
                 Pero's
                 Piety
                 ,
                 who
                 preserved
                 her
                 Father
                 Cimon
                 ,
                 fallen
                 into
                 the
                 same
                 misfortune
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Prison
                 ,
                 nourishing
                 him
                 like
                 an
                 Infant
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 decrepit
                 Age
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Milk
                 of
                 her
                 Breasts
                 .
                 Mens
                 eyes
                 are
                 fix'd
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 an
                 amaze
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 behold
                 this
                 piece
                 of
                 Piety
                 represented
                 in
                 painting
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Nor
                 can
                 I
                 forget
                 thee
                 Cimon
                 ,
                 that
                 didst
                 not
                 fear
                 to
                 purchase
                 the
                 Burial
                 of
                 thy
                 Father
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 voluntary
                 surrendring
                 thy
                 own
                 person
                 to
                 imprisonment
                 .
                 For
                 though
                 afterwards
                 it
                 hapn●d
                 ,
                 that
                 thou
                 wert
                 both
                 a
                 famous
                 Citizen
                 and
                 a
                 renowned
                 Captain
                 ,
                 yet
                 didst
                 thou
                 get
                 more
                 honour
                 in
                 theprison
                 than
                 in
                 the
                 Council-Chamber
                 .
                 
                 For
                 other
                 Vertues
                 deserve
                 admiration
                 ,
                 but
                 Piety
                 merits
                 Love.
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Nor
                 must
                 I
                 forget
                 the
                 two
                 Brothers
                 ,
                 whose
                 Courage
                 was
                 more
                 noble
                 than
                 their
                 Birth
                 .
                 Who
                 being
                 born
                 of
                 low
                 Parentage
                 in
                 Spain
                 ,
                 grew
                 famous
                 by
                 their
                 Deaths
                 ,
                 laying
                 down
                 their
                 Lives
                 for
                 the
                 support
                 of
                 their
                 Family
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 having
                 agreed
                 with
                 the
                 
                 Paciaeci
                 ●or
                 twelve
                 thousand
                 Pieces
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 paid
                 to
                 their
                 Parents
                 after
                 their
                 Death
                 ,
                 upon
                 condition
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 kill
                 Epastus
                 ,
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 that
                 Countrey
                 ;
                 not
                 only
                 p●rformed
                 the
                 exploit
                 ,
                 but
                 bravely
                 fell
                 in
                 performing
                 it
                 .
                 With
                 the
                 same
                 hands
                 revengi●g
                 their
                 Countrymen
                 ,
                 punishing
                 Epastus
                 ,
                 providing
                 a
                 maintenance
                 for
                 their
                 antient
                 Parents
                 ,
                 and
                 purchasing
                 renown
                 to
                 themselves
                 .
                 Therefore
                 now
                 they
                 live
                 in
                 their
                 Tombs
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 chose
                 rather
                 to
                 support
                 their
                 Fathers
                 in
                 their
                 old
                 Age
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 preserve
                 their
                 own
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 A
                 more
                 known
                 pair
                 of
                 Brothers
                 were
                 Biton
                 and
                 
                   Cleobis
                   ,
                   Amphinomus
                
                 and
                 Anapus
                 :
                 The
                 first
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 drew
                 their
                 Mothers
                 Chariot
                 to
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Iuno
                 ,
                 to
                 perform
                 the
                 Ceremonies
                 there
                 :
                 The
                 other
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 carried
                 their
                 Father
                 and
                 their
                 Mother
                 upon
                 their
                 Shoulders
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 
                 Aetna's
                 flames
                 :
                 but
                 neither
                 of
                 them
                 lost
                 their
                 Lives
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Nor
                 do
                 I
                 go
                 about
                 to
                 detract
                 from
                 the
                 honour
                 of
                 the
                 Argives
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 cloud
                 the
                 glory
                 of
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 But
                 I
                 hold
                 the
                 light
                 of
                 knowledg
                 to
                 the
                 ignorance
                 of
                 a
                 more
                 obscure
                 Piety
                 :
                 which
                 makes
                 me
                 renew
                 the
                 memory
                 of
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 Scythian
                 Piety
                 .
                 For
                 Darius
                 invading
                 their
                 Territories
                 with
                 a
                 mighty
                 Army
                 ,
                 they
                 retreated
                 before
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 utmost
                 Solitudes
                 of
                 all
                 Asia
                 .
                 Thereupon
                 ,
                 being
                 by
                 his
                 Embassadours
                 questioned
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 would
                 make
                 an
                 end
                 of
                 flying
                 ,
                 or
                 when
                 they
                 would
                 begin
                 to
                 fight
                 ;
                 they
                 made
                 answer
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   they
                   had
                   neither
                   till'd
                   Lands
                   ,
                   nor
                   any
                   Cities
                   which
                   were
                   worth
                   fighting
                   for
                   ,
                   but
                   when
                   they
                   came
                   to
                   the
                   Monuments
                   of
                   their
                   
                   Ancestors
                   ,
                   then
                   be
                   should
                   know
                   how
                   the
                
                 Scythians
                 
                   were
                   wont
                   to
                   fight
                
                 .
                 By
                 which
                 pious
                 answer
                 ,
                 that
                 fierce
                 and
                 barbarous
                 Nation
                 redeem'd
                 themselves
                 from
                 the
                 scandal
                 of
                 Savageness
                 .
                 Therefore
                 is
                 Nature
                 the
                 first
                 and
                 best
                 Mistress
                 of
                 Piety
                 ,
                 which
                 neither
                 wanting
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 Speech
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Letters
                 ,
                 through
                 her
                 own
                 silent
                 and
                 proper
                 Power
                 infuses
                 Charity
                 into
                 the
                 breasts
                 of
                 Children
                 .
                 What
                 is
                 then
                 the
                 profit
                 of
                 Learning
                 ?
                 That
                 their
                 Wits
                 should
                 be
                 more
                 polite
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 more
                 honest
                 .
                 For
                 true
                 Vertue
                 is
                 rather
                 born
                 than
                 acquired
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 For
                 who
                 taught
                 such
                 People
                 as
                 wander
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 in
                 Carts
                 ,
                 that
                 shelter
                 their
                 naked
                 Bodies
                 in
                 the
                 Woods
                 ,
                 and
                 live
                 by
                 destroying
                 Cattle
                 like
                 Dogs
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 Darius
                 such
                 an
                 Answer
                 ?
                 She
                 that
                 taught
                 
                 Croesus's
                 Son
                 ,
                 that
                 was
                 born
                 dumb
                 ,
                 to
                 speak
                 for
                 the
                 preservation
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Sardis
                 being
                 taken
                 by
                 Cyrus
                 ,
                 when
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 not
                 knowing
                 who
                 the
                 person
                 was
                 ,
                 furiously
                 was
                 going
                 about
                 to
                 have
                 kill'd
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 call'd
                 back
                 the
                 Sword
                 that
                 was
                 just
                 at
                 his
                 Throat
                 ,
                 by
                 crying
                 out
                 aloud
                 to
                 the
                 Souldier
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 not
                 kill
                 King
                 Croesus
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 he
                 ,
                 who
                 till
                 that
                 time
                 was
                 mute
                 ,
                 recovered
                 his
                 Speech
                 for
                 the
                 safety
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 The
                 same
                 Charity
                 arm'd
                 a
                 Youngman
                 of
                 Pinna
                 (
                 sirnamed
                 Pulto
                 )
                 in
                 the
                 Italian
                 War
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 strength
                 of
                 Body
                 and
                 Mind
                 :
                 Who
                 being
                 Governour
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 when
                 it
                 was
                 besieged
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Roman
                 General
                 caused
                 his
                 Father
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 forth
                 ,
                 and
                 threatned
                 to
                 put
                 him
                 to
                 death
                 before
                 his
                 face
                 ,
                 unless
                 he
                 would
                 deliver
                 up
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 Sally
                 ,
                 and
                 recovered
                 his
                 Father
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Enemies
                 hands
                 .
                 Doubly
                 famous
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 preserved
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 did
                 not
                 betray
                 his
                 Countrey
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               V.
               Of
               Fraternal
               Benevolence
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 P.
                 Africanus
                 
                   the
                   Great
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 M.
                 Fabius
                 Vibulanus
                 Cs.
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 T.
                 Caesar
                 Augustus
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   A
                   certain
                   Souldier
                
                 .
              
            
             
               NExt
               to
               this
               kind
               of
               Piety
               follows
               
                 Fraternal
                 Benevolence
              
               .
               For
               as
               it
               may
               be
               accompted
               the
               first
               Bond
               of
               Friendship
               ,
               to
               have
               received
               many
               and
               great
               Benefits
               ;
               the
               next
               tye
               is
               ,
               that
               we
               have
               received
               them
               together
               .
               For
               how
               abundantly
               pleasant
               is
               the
               remembrance
               of
               those
               things
               !
               Before
               I
               was
               born
               I
               liv'd
               in
               the
               same
               House
               ,
               My
               Infancy
               lay
               in
               the
               same
               Cradle
               ,
               The
               same
               Persons
               were
               Parents
               to
               both
               ,
               The
               same
               Vows
               were
               made
               for
               both
               ,
               and
               we
               enjoy
               the
               same
               ●●●our
               by
               our
               extraction
               .
               A
               Wife
               is
               dear
               to
               a
               Husba●d
               ,
               Children
               dear
               to
               a
               Parent
               ,
               Friends
               are
               acceptable
               ,
               and
               Acquaintance
               are
               delightful
               ;
               but
               when
               you
               have
               read
               what
               follows
               ,
               there
               is
               no
               Benevolence
               that
               exceeds
               Brotherly
               Loving
               Kindness
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               And
               this
               I
               speak
               by
               the
               testimony
               of
               
                 Scipio
                 Africanus
              
               ,
               who
               though
               he
               had
               contracted
               a
               most
               strict
               Friendship
               with
               Laelius
               ,
               yet
               he
               besought
               the
               Senate
               that
               they
               would
               not
               transfer
               to
               him
               his
               Brothers
               Provincial
               Lot
               which
               they
               had
               taken
               from
               him
               ,
               and
               promised
               to
               go
               himself
               Lieutenant
               to
               his
               Brother
               :
               So
               that
               the
               Elder
               became
               inferiour
               to
               the
               Younger
               Brother
               ,
               the
               stout
               and
               couragious
               to
               the
               faint-hearted
               ,
               the
               renowned
               to
               a
               person
               of
               no
               fame
               ;
               and
               ,
               which
               is
               more
               ,
               he
               that
               was
               already
               Africanus
               ,
               to
               him
               that
               was
               not
               yet
               Asiaticus
               .
               So
               that
               he
               assumed
               one
               of
               the
               most
               noble
               Sirnames
               ,
               and
               gave
               the
               other
               .
               He
               received
               the
               Imperial
               
               Coat
               of
               one
               Triumph
               ,
               and
               gave
               the
               other
               ;
               greater
               by
               assistance
               ,
               than
               his
               Brother
               by
               Superiority
               of
               Command
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               But
               
                 Marcus
                 Fabius
              
               the
               Consul
               having
               overthrown
               the
               Veientes
               and
               Hetrusci
               ,
               in
               a
               most
               remarkable
               Fight
               ,
               would
               not
               accept
               of
               a
               Triumph
               ,
               which
               was
               offer'd
               him
               with
               the
               full
               consent
               of
               the
               Senate
               ,
               and
               eager
               desire
               of
               the
               People
               ;
               because
               his
               Brother
               ,
               a
               person
               of
               Consular
               Dignity
               ,
               was
               kill'd
               bravely
               fighting
               in
               that
               Battle
               .
               How
               great
               was
               the
               zeal
               of
               Fratern●l
               Charity
               that
               was
               lodg'd
               in
               that
               breast
               ,
               that
               could
               not
               be
               extinguish'd
               by
               the
               splendour
               of
               so
               high
               an
               honour
               ?
            
             
               3.
               
               For
               this
               Example
               Antiquity
               is
               famous
               ;
               that
               which
               follows
               has
               been
               no
               small
               Ornament
               to
               our
               Age
               ,
               who
               have
               had
               the
               honour
               to
               see
               the
               Fraternal
               Yo●k
               of
               the
               Claudian
               ,
               and
               now
               also
               the
               Glory
               of
               the
               Iulian
               Family
               .
               For
               so
               great
               a
               Love
               had
               our
               Prince
               and
               Parent
               for
               his
               Brother
               Drusus
               ,
               that
               when
               he
               understood
               at
               Ticinum
               ,
               whither
               he
               came
               a
               Conquerour
               to
               embrace
               his
               Parents
               ,
               that
               his
               Brother
               Drusus
               lay
               dangerous
               sick
               in
               Germany
               ,
               in
               a
               frightful
               amaze
               he
               flew
               out
               of
               Town
               .
               And
               the
               Journey
               which
               he
               made
               appears
               from
               hence
               to
               have
               been
               so
               swi●t
               ,
               as
               if
               he
               had
               rode
               it
               at
               one
               breath
               ;
               for
               passing
               the
               Alpes
               and
               the
               Rhine
               ,
               he
               posted
               day
               and
               night
               ,
               changing
               his
               Horses
               ,
               above
               two
               hundred
               Mil●s
               ,
               through
               several
               barbarous
               Nations
               but
               newly
               conquer'd
               ,
               in
               the
               company
               of
               Antabagius
               only
               ,
               who
               was
               his
               guide
               .
               But
               in
               all
               that
               hazard
               and
               danger
               ,
               when
               he
               had
               forsaken
               the
               company
               of
               Men
               ,
               the
               most
               sacred
               name
               of
               Piety
               ,
               and
               the
               Gods
               that
               are
               the
               favourers
               of
               all
               laudable
               V●rtues
               ▪
               even
               Iupiter
               himself
               ,
               the
               faithful
               Preserver
               of
               the
               Roman
               Empire
               ,
               accompanied
               him
               .
               Drusus
               ,
               also
               faint
               and
               weak
               ,
               at
               that
               very
               moment
               wh●n
               there
               is
               little
               or
               no
               distinction
               to
               be
               made
               between
               Life
               and
               Death
               ,
               ordered
               the
               
               Legions
               with
               their
               Ensignes
               to
               go
               and
               meet
               his
               Brother
               .
               He
               also
               order'd
               a
               Praetorium
               to
               be
               erected
               for
               him
               upon
               the
               right
               hand
               ,
               and
               would
               make
               him
               take
               the
               Consular
               and
               Imperial
               Dignity
               :
               and
               at
               the
               same
               time
               he
               submitted
               to
               the
               Majesty
               of
               his
               Brother
               ,
               and
               the
               stroak
               of
               Death
               .
               Nor
               can
               any
               president
               of
               Fraternal
               Love
               be
               compar'd
               to
               these
               ,
               unless
               it
               be
               the
               Examplar
               of
               Castor
               and
               Pollux
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               However
               it
               cannot
               be
               a
               dishonour
               to
               the
               Memory
               of
               the
               most
               famous
               Emperours
               ,
               to
               mention
               here
               the
               strange
               Love
               of
               a
               certain
               Souldier
               toward
               his
               Brother
               .
               For
               he
               being
               in
               pay
               under
               Pompey
               ,
               and
               having
               slain
               a
               Souldier
               under
               Sertorius
               ,
               that
               press'd
               him
               very
               hard
               ▪
               when
               he
               came
               to
               strip
               him
               ,
               and
               found
               him
               to
               be
               his
               own
               Brother
               ,
               cursing
               the
               Gods
               for
               giving
               him
               the
               Victory
               ,
               he
               carried
               him
               near
               the
               Camp
               ,
               and
               putting
               a
               rich
               Garment
               upon
               him
               ,
               laid
               him
               upon
               a
               Funeral
               Pile
               .
               Which
               assoon
               as
               he
               had
               kindled
               ,
               with
               the
               same
               Sword
               wherewith
               he
               had
               slain
               his
               Brother
               ,
               he
               thrust
               himself
               to
               the
               heart
               ,
               and
               falling
               upon
               his
               Brother
               ,
               was
               burnt
               in
               the
               same
               flames
               .
               He
               might
               have
               liv'd
               Innocent
               ,
               had
               he
               pleaded
               Ignorance
               ;
               but
               he
               rather
               chose
               to
               make
               use
               of
               his
               own
               Piety
               ,
               than
               the
               pardon
               of
               others
               ;
               and
               for
               that
               reason
               to
               accompany
               his
               Brother
               in
               Death
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VI.
               Of
               Piety
               toward
               their
               Countrey
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 L.
                 Junius
                 Brutus
                 
                   first
                   Consul
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 M.
                 Curtius
                 the
                 Roman
                 Knight
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 M.
                 Genutius
                 Cipus
                 Pretor
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Q.
                 Aelius
                 Paetus
                 Pretor
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 P.
                 Decius
                 Consul
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 Decius
                 
                   Brother
                   of
                
                 Publius
                 Consul
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Africanus
                 
                   the
                   Great
                
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 The
                 Roman
                 Citizens
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGN
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Codrus
                 
                   King
                   of
                   the
                
                 Athenians
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Thrasybulus
                 the
                 Athenian
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Themistocles
                 the
                 Athenian
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 The
                 Philaeni
                 ,
                 Brothers
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Aristotle
                 the
                 Stagirite
                 .
              
            
             
               WE
               have
               seen
               Piety
               to
               private
               Relations
               ,
               we
               are
               now
               to
               shew
               it
               toward
               our
               Native
               Countrey
               ;
               to
               whose
               Majesty
               paternal
               Authority
               ,
               almost
               equal
               to
               that
               of
               the
               Gods
               ,
               has
               ever
               submitted
               ,
               and
               to
               which
               Brotherly
               Affection
               willingly
               yields
               ,
               and
               with
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               reason
               too
               .
               For
               a
               Family
               may
               be
               ruin'd
               ,
               and
               yet
               the
               Commonwealth
               be
               safe
               ;
               but
               the
               ruine
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               necessarily
               draws
               with
               it
               the
               destruction
               of
               every
               Family
               .
               But
               how
               can
               we
               express
               in
               words
               ,
               what
               so
               many
               have
               testified
               at
               the
               expence
               of
               their
               own
               Lives
               ?
            
             
               1.
               
               Brutus
               the
               first
               Consul
               meeting
               Aruns
               the
               Son
               of
               Tarquin
               the
               Proud
               ,
               whom
               he
               had
               expell'd
               from
               his
               Kingdom
               ,
               in
               the
               field
               ran
               at
               him
               with
               that
               fury
               ,
               that
               running
               each
               other
               in
               the
               body
               with
               their
               Spears
               ,
               they
               fell
               both
               dead
               at
               the
               same
               time
               .
               I
               may
               very
               well
               
               adde
               ,
               that
               the
               Roman
               People
               paid
               dear
               for
               their
               Liberty
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               But
               when
               the
               Earth
               suddenly
               sunk
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               the
               Forum
               ,
               leaving
               a
               wide
               hole
               ;
               and
               that
               the
               Oracle
               had
               return'd
               for
               answer
               ,
               that
               nothing
               could
               fill
               up
               that
               concavity
               ,
               but
               that
               which
               the
               Roman
               People
               most
               valued
               ;
               Curtius
               a
               young
               Gentleman
               ,
               noble
               in
               Birth
               and
               Minde
               ,
               understanding
               that
               our
               City
               did
               excel
               in
               Vertue
               and
               Warlike
               Prowess
               ,
               putting
               on
               all
               his
               Warlike
               Ornaments
               ,
               and
               getting
               up
               a
               Horseback
               ,
               he
               put
               spurs
               to
               his
               Horse
               ,
               and
               rid
               full
               speed
               into
               the
               dismal
               Precipice
               ,
               upon
               whom
               the
               Citizens
               in
               his
               honour
               c●st
               Fruit
               and
               Grain
               ,
               and
               then
               the
               Earth
               miraculously
               closed
               again
               .
               Many
               wonderful
               things
               did
               afterwards
               adorn
               the
               Forum
               .
               Yet
               never
               did
               any
               one
               come
               near
               the
               Piety
               of
               Curtius
               to
               his
               Countrey
               :
               For
               which
               ,
               as
               deserving
               the
               chief
               place
               of
               Honour
               ,
               I
               will
               adde
               another
               somewhat
               like
               it
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               
                 Genucius
                 Cipus
              
               being
               Pretor
               ,
               and
               just
               coming
               out
               of
               the
               City
               in
               his
               Habit
               of
               General
               ,
               there
               befel
               him
               a
               most
               unheard-of
               Prodigy
               .
               For
               of
               a
               suddain
               somewhat
               started
               out
               of
               his
               Forehead
               like
               Horns
               ▪
               and
               a
               Voice
               answer'd
               ,
               that
               he
               should
               be
               a
               King
               ,
               if
               he
               return'd
               into
               the
               City
               again
               .
               Which
               lest
               it
               should
               happen
               ,
               he
               condemn'd
               himself
               to
               perpetual
               Banishment
               .
               A
               noble
               act
               of
               Piety
               ,
               which
               considering
               the
               honour
               it
               deserves
               ,
               is
               to
               be
               preferr'd
               before
               seven
               Kings
               .
               In
               testimony
               whereof
               ,
               a
               brazen
               Image
               of
               his
               Head
               was
               set
               up
               upon
               the
               Gate
               out
               of
               which
               he
               went.
               
            
             
               4.
               
               Genucius
               bequeath'd
               the
               inheritance
               of
               his
               praise
               ,
               than
               which
               a
               greater
               could
               not
               be
               given
               ,
               to
               Aelius
               the
               Pretor
               .
               For
               when
               a
               Crow
               came
               and
               sate
               upon
               his
               Head
               ,
               as
               he
               was
               fitting
               in
               Judgment
               ,
               the
               Soothsayers
               affirm'd
               ,
               that
               if
               he
               preserv'd
               the
               Crow
               ,
               his
               Family
               should
               flourish
               ,
               but
               the
               condition
               of
               the
               Common-wealth
               be
               most
               miserable
               ;
               but
               the
               Crow
               being
               slain
               ,
               the
               
               quite
               contrary
               would
               happen
               to
               both
               :
               took
               the
               Crow
               and
               wrung
               off
               his
               neck
               in
               the
               view
               of
               all
               the
               Senate
               .
               He
               lost
               seventeen
               Souldiers
               of
               his
               Family
               ,
               all
               stout
               men
               ,
               at
               the
               Battle
               of
               Cannae
               .
               But
               the
               Common-wealth
               soon
               after
               recover'd
               its
               glory
               .
               But
               these
               Examples
               
                 Sylla
                 ,
                 Marius
              
               and
               C●nna
               laugh'd
               at
               as
               ridiculous
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Decius
               ,
               who
               first
               brought
               the
               Consulship
               into
               his
               own
               Family
               ,
               seeing
               the
               Romans
               ready
               to
               fly
               and
               almost
               overthrown
               in
               the
               Latin
               War
               ,
               vowed
               his
               own
               Life
               for
               the
               safety
               of
               the
               Army
               ,
               and
               presently
               ,
               putting
               Spurs
               to
               his
               Horse
               ,
               he
               flew
               into
               the
               midst
               of
               his
               Enemies
               ,
               seeking
               his
               own
               Death
               and
               the
               Safety
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               :
               and
               having
               made
               a
               great
               slaughter
               ,
               at
               length
               orewhelm'd
               with
               the
               multitude
               of
               Piles
               and
               Darts
               ,
               the
               Victime
               fell
               .
               And
               from
               his
               Blood
               and
               Wounds
               sprang
               an
               unlookt
               for
               Victory
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               There
               might
               have
               been
               but
               one
               example
               of
               such
               a
               General
               ,
               had
               he
               nor
               begot
               a
               Son
               answerable
               to
               him
               in
               courage
               .
               For
               he
               in
               his
               fourth
               Consulship
               ,
               with
               the
               same
               devotion
               and
               stoutness
               in
               fight
               ,
               with
               the
               same
               event
               of
               fortune
               ,
               sustain'd
               the
               weak
               and
               sinking
               force
               of
               our
               City
               .
               And
               therefore
               it
               was
               a
               difficult
               thing
               to
               understand
               ,
               whether
               it
               were
               more
               profitable
               for
               the
               Roman
               City
               to
               have
               the
               Decii
               Commanders
               ,
               or
               to
               loose
               them
               :
               For
               living
               ,
               they
               kept
               her
               from
               being
               vanquished
               ,
               but
               by
               their
               death
               it
               overcame
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               The
               Elder
               Scipio
               did
               not
               loose
               his
               Life
               for
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               but
               he
               carefully
               provided
               against
               the
               destruction
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               .
               For
               when
               our
               City
               ,
               after
               the
               Battle
               of
               Cannae
               ,
               expected
               nothing
               else
               but
               to
               be
               the
               Victor
               
               Hannibal's
               prey
               ;
               and
               that
               therefore
               by
               advice
               of
               
                 L.
                 Metellus
              
               ,
               the
               reliques
               of
               the
               broken
               Army
               were
               consulting
               to
               forsake
               Italy
               :
               He
               being
               a
               young
               Tribune
               ,
               and
               drawing
               his
               Sword
               ,
               threatned
               death
               to
               every
               man
               that
               would
               not
               take
               an
               Oath
               never
               
               to
               forsake
               his
               Countrey
               :
               And
               not
               only
               shew'd
               an
               example
               of
               Piety
               himself
               ,
               but
               recall'd
               it
               back
               ,
               when
               it
               was
               just
               forsaking
               the
               breasts
               of
               others
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               To
               come
               from
               particulars
               to
               generals
               ;
               How
               was
               the
               City
               equally
               divided
               in
               their
               flames
               ,
               and
               equally
               inflamed
               with
               the
               Love
               of
               their
               Countrey
               !
               For
               the
               Treasury
               being
               emptied
               in
               the
               Second
               Punic
               War
               ,
               thát
               there
               was
               not
               enough
               for
               the
               performance
               of
               their
               divine
               Ceremonies
               ;
               the
               Publicans
               going
               to
               the
               Censors
               ,
               promised
               to
               let
               out
               their
               Money
               ,
               in
               the
               same
               abundance
               ,
               as
               if
               Money
               had
               abounded
               in
               the
               City
               ,
               and
               not
               require
               a
               Farthing
               profit
               till
               the
               War
               was
               ended
               .
               The
               Masters
               also
               of
               the
               Slaves
               whom
               
                 Sempronius
                 Gracchus
              
               had
               made
               free
               ,
               for
               fighting
               so
               stoutly
               at
               Beneventum
               ,
               forbore
               to
               ask
               any
               Money
               for
               their
               Service
               .
               In
               the
               Camp
               it self
               there
               was
               not
               a
               Knight
               ,
               not
               a
               Centurion
               that
               desir'd
               any
               Pay.
               The
               Men
               and
               Women
               also
               brought
               what
               Gold
               and
               Silver
               they
               had
               ,
               nay
               the
               Children
               also
               brought
               their
               Purple
               Coats
               and
               Golden
               Hearts
               ,
               that
               hung
               about
               their
               Necks
               ,
               which
               were
               the
               ensignes
               of
               their
               Ingenuitles
               ,
               Nor
               would
               any
               one
               take
               advantage
               of
               the
               benefit
               of
               the
               Senates
               Decree
               ,
               whereby
               such
               and
               such
               were
               freed
               from
               Taxes
               .
               For
               they
               were
               not
               ignorant
               ,
               when
               Vei●
               was
               taken
               ,
               when
               the
               Gold
               which
               Camillus
               had
               vowed
               as
               the
               Tenth
               of
               their
               Spoil
               should
               have
               been
               sent
               to
               the
               Oracle
               of
               Apollo
               ,
               but
               could
               not
               be
               purchased
               ,
               that
               the
               Matrons
               brought
               in
               all
               their
               Golden
               Ornaments
               into
               the
               Capitol
               .
               They
               had
               also
               heard
               ,
               that
               the
               Thousand
               Pound
               of
               Gold
               ,
               which
               was
               to
               be
               paid
               to
               the
               Gauls
               ,
               when
               they
               besieged
               the
               Capitol
               ,
               was
               made
               up
               by
               their
               Liberality
               .
               And
               therefore
               out
               of
               their
               own
               Goodness
               ,
               and
               admonished
               by
               the
               Example
               of
               Antiquity
               ,
               they
               thought
               they
               were
               not
               to
               be
               out-done
               .
            
             
               
               
                 FORREIGN
                 Examples
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 But
                 I
                 will
                 touch
                 upon
                 some
                 few
                 Forreign
                 Examples
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 purpose
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Athenians
                   ,
                   Codrus
                
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 his
                 Territories
                 wasted
                 and
                 invaded
                 by
                 vast
                 numbers
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 despairing
                 of
                 humane
                 assistance
                 ,
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Oracle
                 of
                 Apollo
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 Embassadors
                 desired
                 to
                 know
                 ,
                 which
                 way
                 he
                 might
                 avoid
                 that
                 terrible
                 War.
                 The
                 God
                 returned
                 for
                 answer
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 ended
                 when
                 he
                 fell
                 by
                 his
                 Enemies
                 hand
                 .
                 Which
                 was
                 not
                 only
                 spread
                 about
                 among
                 his
                 own
                 People
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 Camp
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 who
                 thereupon
                 commanded
                 that
                 not
                 a
                 man
                 should
                 touch
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 Codrus
                 .
                 Which
                 when
                 the
                 King
                 understood
                 ,
                 he
                 threw
                 off
                 his
                 Royal
                 Robes
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 servile
                 Habit
                 threw
                 himself
                 into
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 a
                 Squadron
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 that
                 were
                 out
                 a
                 forraging
                 ,
                 and
                 wounding
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 scythe
                 ,
                 provoked
                 the
                 souldier
                 to
                 kill
                 him
                 ;
                 by
                 whose
                 Death
                 Athens
                 escaped
                 ruine
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 From
                 the
                 same
                 Fountain
                 of
                 Piety
                 flowed
                 the
                 soul
                 of
                 Thrasybulus
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 being
                 desirous
                 to
                 free
                 his
                 Countrey
                 from
                 the
                 oppression
                 of
                 the
                 Thirty
                 Tyrants
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 going
                 about
                 the
                 enterprize
                 with
                 a
                 small
                 number
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Company
                 said
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 How
                 much
                 will
                 Athens
                 be
                 indebted
                 to
                 thee
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 regain
                 their
                 Liberty
                 by
                 thy
                 means
                 ?
                 
                   The
                   Gods
                   grant
                
                 ,
                 answered
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   that
                   I
                   may
                   have
                   then
                   paid
                   them
                   what
                   I
                   owe
                   them
                   .
                
                 With
                 which
                 Wish
                 he
                 heap'd
                 a
                 greater
                 honour
                 upon
                 his
                 renowned
                 work
                 of
                 destroying
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 But
                 Themistocles
                 ,
                 whose
                 Vertue
                 made
                 him
                 Conquerour
                 ,
                 his
                 Countries
                 injury
                 the
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 not
                 be
                 forced
                 to
                 invade
                 it
                 ,
                 having
                 instituted
                 a
                 sacrifice
                 ,
                 he
                 drank
                 up
                 a
                 full
                 Beaker
                 
                 of
                 Bulls
                 Blood
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 before
                 the
                 Altar
                 a
                 renowned
                 Victime
                 of
                 Piety
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 There
                 follows
                 an
                 Example
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 nature
                 .
                 When
                 Carthage
                 and
                 Cyrene
                 contended
                 most
                 obstinately
                 for
                 a
                 spot
                 of
                 ground
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 it
                 was
                 agreed
                 to
                 send
                 certain
                 Young-men
                 from
                 such
                 a
                 distance
                 ,
                 and
                 where
                 ever
                 they
                 met
                 ,
                 that
                 place
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 bound
                 of
                 both
                 their
                 Territories
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 this
                 Agreement
                 two
                 Carthaginian
                 Brothers
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Philaeni
                 ,
                 were
                 too
                 hard
                 for
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 setting
                 out
                 sooner
                 and
                 making
                 more
                 haste
                 :
                 which
                 when
                 the
                 Young-men
                 of
                 Cyrene
                 understood
                 ,
                 they
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 complain'd
                 of
                 their
                 fallacy
                 ;
                 but
                 at
                 length
                 they
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 recompence
                 the
                 injury
                 by
                 proposing
                 a
                 severe
                 condition
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 proposed
                 to
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 that
                 that
                 place
                 should
                 be
                 the
                 bounds
                 agreed
                 upon
                 ,
                 provided
                 the
                 Philaeni
                 would
                 suffer
                 themselves
                 to
                 be
                 buried
                 there
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 event
                 disappointed
                 their
                 expectation
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 without
                 any
                 delay
                 delivered
                 their
                 bodies
                 to
                 be
                 buried
                 .
                 Who
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 rather
                 desired
                 large
                 bounds
                 to
                 their
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 than
                 large
                 limits
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 lye
                 en●ombed
                 in
                 honour
                 ,
                 the
                 Punic
                 Empire
                 being
                 extended
                 by
                 the
                 resignation
                 of
                 their
                 bones
                 .
                 Where
                 are
                 now
                 the
                 proud
                 Walls
                 of
                 Carthage
                 ?
                 Where
                 is
                 the
                 Maritime
                 Glory
                 of
                 that
                 Port
                 ?
                 Where
                 is
                 t●eir
                 Navy
                 ,
                 so
                 terrible
                 upon
                 every
                 shore
                 ?
                 Where
                 are
                 all
                 their
                 Armies
                 ?
                 Where
                 their
                 numerous
                 Squadrons
                 of
                 Horse
                 ?
                 Where
                 those
                 Souls
                 that
                 were
                 not
                 satisfied
                 with
                 the
                 vast
                 tract
                 of
                 Africa
                 ?
                 All
                 these
                 things
                 Fortune
                 divided
                 between
                 two
                 
                 Scipio's
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 destruction
                 of
                 their
                 Countrey
                 did
                 not
                 abolish
                 the
                 memory
                 of
                 that
                 noble
                 Act
                 perform'd
                 by
                 the
                 Philaeni
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 mortal
                 courage
                 or
                 strength
                 can
                 purchase
                 nothing
                 immortal
                 ,
                 but
                 Vertue
                 alone
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 This
                 Piety
                 was
                 inflamed
                 with
                 youthful
                 Z●al
                 .
                 But
                 Aristotle
                 ,
                 hardly
                 able
                 to
                 maintain
                 the
                 reliques
                 of
                 old
                 Age
                 in
                 his
                 wrinkled
                 Members
                 ,
                 so
                 strong●y
                 laboured
                 
                 sor
                 the
                 safety
                 of
                 his
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 snatch'd
                 it
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 almost
                 levell'd
                 with
                 the
                 ground
                 and
                 in
                 their
                 poss●ssion
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 lay
                 in
                 his
                 little
                 Bed
                 in
                 Athens
                 .
                 So
                 tha●
                 Stagira
                 was
                 no
                 less
                 famous
                 for
                 being
                 subverted
                 by
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 being
                 restor'd
                 by
                 Aristotle
                 .
                 Hence
                 it
                 is
                 apparent
                 ,
                 how
                 kinde
                 ,
                 nay
                 how
                 profuse
                 in
                 their
                 piety
                 to
                 their
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 all
                 ages
                 ,
                 all
                 degrees
                 of
                 men
                 have
                 been
                 :
                 And
                 how
                 the
                 truth
                 os
                 wonder●ul
                 Examples
                 ,
                 evident
                 to
                 the
                 world
                 ,
                 hath
                 subscribed
                 to
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 Nature
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               VII
               .
               Of
               the
               Love
               and
               Indulgence
               of
               Fathers
               to
               their
               Children
               .
            
             
               
                 Among
                 the
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Q.
                 Fabius
                 Maximus
                 Rullianus
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Caesetius
                 Flavus
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Octavius
                 Balbus
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORREIGN
                 Kings
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Seleucus
                 of
                 Sy●ia
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Ariobar●anes
                 of
                 Cappadocia
                 .
              
            
             
               LEt
               the
               Indulgence
               of
               pious
               and
               dear
               Affection
               of
               Parents
               toward
               their
               Children
               set
               sail
               ;
               and
               carried
               with
               a
               fair
               gale
               ,
               return
               home
               laden
               with
               a
               grateful
               portion
               of
               sweetness
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 Fabius
                 Rullianus
              
               after
               he
               had
               been
               Five
               times
               Consul
               ,
               and
               every
               time
               honourably
               discharged
               his
               Office
               ,
               admir'd
               for
               all
               the
               V●rtues
               and
               Merits
               of
               his
               Life
               ,
               did
               not
               disdain
               to
               go
               Lieutenant
               to
               his
               Son
               
                 Fabius
                 Gurges
              
               ,
               then
               marching
               to
               put
               an
               end
               to
               a
               diff●cult
               and
               dangerous
               War
               ,
               going
               into
               the
               Field
               as
               it
               were
               with
               a
               Soul
               without
               a
               Body
               :
               His
               old
               age
               being
               more
               
               proper
               for
               the
               ease
               of
               a
               Bed
               ,
               than
               the
               labour
               of
               Combats
               .
               He
               also
               followed
               the
               Triumphets
               Chariot
               ,
               whom
               he
               had
               formerly
               carried
               in
               his
               own
               :
               and
               appeared
               not
               the
               Companion
               ,
               but
               the
               Author
               of
               the
               Triumph
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Caesetius
               the
               Roman
               Knights
               sate
               was
               not
               altogether
               so
               glorious
               ,
               yet
               his
               Indulgence
               to
               his
               Son
               was
               no
               less
               ;
               who
               being
               commanded
               by
               Caesar
               ,
               now
               Victor
               over
               all
               his
               forreign
               and
               domestick
               Enemies
               ,
               to
               disinherit
               and
               abjure
               his
               Son
               ,
               because
               that
               he
               being
               Tribune
               of
               the
               People
               had
               accused
               Caesar
               to
               the
               People
               of
               affecting
               the
               Empire
               ,
               ventur'd
               to
               give
               him
               this
               Answer
               ,
               
                 Thou
                 shalt
                 rather
                 take
                 from
                 me
                 ,
                 O
              
               Caesar
               ,
               
                 all
                 my
                 Sons
                 ,
                 than
                 compel
                 me
                 to
                 disinherit
                 this
                 one
                 ,
                 by
                 my
                 own
                 act
                 .
              
               But
               he
               had
               two
               sons
               besides
               ,
               that
               were
               hopeful
               Young-men
               ,
               to
               whom
               Cesar
               had
               largely
               promised
               great
               Preferment
               .
               However
               he
               preserv'd
               the
               other
               safe
               ,
               through
               the
               Clemency
               of
               the
               divine
               Prince
               ;
               Yet
               who
               would
               not
               think
               ,
               but
               that
               he
               did
               more
               than
               humane
               Wit
               durst
               do
               ,
               that
               would
               not
               stoop
               to
               him
               ,
               who
               had
               subdued
               all
               the
               World
               under
               his
               command
               ?
            
             
               3.
               
               But
               I
               cannot
               tell
               whether
               
                 Octavius
                 Balbus
              
               were
               not
               more
               kind
               and
               ardently
               affectionate
               toward
               his
               Son.
               For
               he
               being
               proscribed
               by
               the
               Triumvirs
               ,
               and
               being
               got
               out
               of
               a
               Back-door
               of
               his
               House
               ,
               hearing
               a
               false
               report
               that
               his
               son
               was
               kill'd
               at
               home
               ,
               he
               return'd
               to
               the
               slaughter
               which
               he
               had
               avoided
               ,
               and
               delivered
               himself
               up
               to
               be
               murthered
               by
               the
               souldiers
               .
               The
               moment
               wherein
               he
               saw
               his
               son
               safe
               ,
               being
               of
               more
               value
               to
               him
               than
               his
               own
               security
               .
               Oh
               unfortunate
               eyes
               of
               that
               Young-man
               ,
               with
               which
               he
               could
               not
               avoid
               beholding
               a
               most
               loving
               Father
               expiring
               for
               his
               sake
               !
            
             
               
               
                 FORREIGN
                 Examples
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 But
                 let
                 us
                 come
                 to
                 things
                 more
                 pleasant
                 to
                 the
                 ●ar
                 .
                 Antiochus
                 the
                 son
                 of
                 King
                 Seleucus
                 ,
                 distractedly
                 in
                 love
                 with
                 his
                 Mother-in-law
                 S●ratonice
                 ,
                 considering
                 wi●h
                 what
                 unlawful
                 flames
                 he
                 burnt
                 ,
                 cover'd
                 the
                 impious
                 wound
                 of
                 his
                 breast
                 with
                 a
                 pious
                 dissimulation
                 .
                 Thereupon
                 different
                 Affections
                 being
                 included
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Marrow
                 and
                 Bowels
                 ,
                 unlimited
                 D●sires
                 and
                 exc●ssive
                 Modes●y
                 had
                 consumed
                 his
                 Body
                 to
                 nothing
                 .
                 He
                 k●pt
                 his
                 bed
                 ,
                 like
                 one
                 ready
                 to
                 expire
                 .
                 His
                 Relations
                 mourn'd
                 ;
                 the
                 Father
                 was
                 overwhe●m'd
                 with
                 sadness
                 ,
                 lamenting
                 ●he
                 loss
                 of
                 his
                 only
                 son
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 want
                 of
                 succession
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 face
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Court
                 was
                 rather
                 Funest
                 ,
                 than
                 Royal.
                 But
                 this
                 cloud
                 of
                 sadness
                 was
                 soon
                 dispell'd
                 by
                 the
                 foresight
                 of
                 Leptines
                 the
                 Mathematician
                 ,
                 or
                 as
                 others
                 say
                 ,
                 of
                 Erasistratus
                 the
                 Physician
                 ;
                 who
                 sitting
                 upon
                 
                 Antiochus's
                 Bed-side
                 ,
                 observing
                 him
                 to
                 blush
                 when
                 Stratonice
                 entered
                 the
                 Chamber
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 his
                 Pulses
                 beat
                 with
                 more
                 life
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 waxed
                 pale
                 ,
                 and
                 fetch'd
                 deep
                 sighs
                 ,
                 when
                 she
                 departed
                 again
                 :
                 At
                 length
                 sound
                 out
                 the
                 truth
                 ,
                 and
                 declared
                 it
                 to
                 Seleucus
                 .
                 Who
                 without
                 any
                 more
                 ado
                 parted
                 with
                 his
                 dearest
                 Wife
                 to
                 his
                 son
                 :
                 attributing
                 his
                 Love
                 to
                 Chance
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 concealing
                 it
                 to
                 death
                 to
                 his
                 Modesty
                 .
                 Let
                 us
                 now
                 consider
                 Seleucus
                 as
                 a
                 King
                 ,
                 an
                 Old
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Lover
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 it
                 will
                 appear
                 how
                 many
                 and
                 how
                 difficult
                 obstacles
                 did
                 Paternal
                 Indulgence
                 overcome
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Seleucus
                 parted
                 only
                 with
                 his
                 Wife
                 ,
                 but
                 Ariobarzanes
                 parted
                 with
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Cappadocia
                 to
                 his
                 son
                 in
                 
                 Pompey's
                 presence
                 :
                 whose
                 Tri●unal
                 when
                 he
                 ascended
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 him
                 invited
                 sate
                 down
                 also
                 in
                 the
                 Running-Chair
                 ,
                 he
                 beheld
                 his
                 son
                 fitting
                 by
                 the
                 Secret●●y
                 in
                 a
                 seat
                 below
                 his
                 Dignity
                 .
                 Thereupon
                 he
                 
                 presently
                 descended
                 from
                 the
                 Running-Chair
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 his
                 Diadem
                 from
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 put
                 it
                 upon
                 his
                 sons
                 head
                 ,
                 and
                 began
                 to
                 urge
                 him
                 to
                 ascend
                 to
                 the
                 place
                 from
                 whence
                 he
                 came
                 .
                 The
                 Young-man
                 wept
                 ,
                 his
                 Body
                 trembled
                 ,
                 the
                 Diadem
                 fell
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 hand
                 ,
                 nor
                 could
                 he
                 go
                 any
                 further
                 :
                 And
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 almost
                 incredible
                 ,
                 he
                 that
                 parted
                 with
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 was
                 glad
                 ;
                 he
                 that
                 was
                 to
                 accept
                 it
                 ,
                 sad
                 and
                 sorrowful
                 .
                 Nor
                 had
                 that
                 famous
                 contest
                 had
                 an
                 end
                 ,
                 had
                 not
                 Pompey
                 interposed
                 his
                 Authority
                 ;
                 For
                 he
                 called
                 the
                 Prince
                 King
                 ,
                 commanded
                 him
                 to
                 take
                 the
                 Diadem
                 ,
                 and
                 constrain●d
                 him
                 to
                 sit
                 down
                 by
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Running-Chair
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               VIII
               .
               Persons
               severe
               towards
               their
               Children
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 L.
                 Junius
                 Brutus
                 
                   first
                   Consul
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Cassius
                 Viscellinus
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Titus
                 Manlius
                 Torquatus
                 
                   the
                   Lawyer
                
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 M.
                 Aemilius
                 Scaurus
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 A
                 Fulvius
                 .
              
            
             
               1.
               
               THe
               Le●ity
               of
               the
               foregoing
               Parents
               was
               Comical
               ,
               the
               S●verity
               of
               these
               that
               follow
               Tragical
               .
               
                 Lucius
                 Brutus
              
               that
               equall'd
               Romulus
               in
               honour
               ;
               for
               he
               sounded
               Rome
               ,
               and
               this
               the
               Roman
               Liberty
               .
               He
               coming
               to
               the
               Supreme
               Power
               ,
               and
               understanding
               that
               his
               Sons
               endeavour'd
               to
               restore
               Tarquin
               ,
               caus'd
               them
               to
               be
               apprehended
               ,
               and
               to
               be
               whipt
               with
               Rods
               before
               the
               Tribuna
               ;
               ●nd
               after
               tha●
               ,
               caus'd
               ●hem
               to
               be
               tied
               to
               a
               stake
               ,
               and
               then
               ordered
               the
               Serjeant
               ●o
               cut
               off
               their
               Heads
               .
               He
               put
               off
               the
               relation
               of
               a
               Father
               ,
               
               that
               he
               might
               act
               like
               a
               Consul
               :
               and
               rather
               chose
               to
               live
               Childless
               ,
               than
               to
               be
               remiss
               in
               publick
               revenge
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Cassius
               following
               his
               Example
               ,
               though
               his
               Son
               were
               a
               Tribune
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               and
               were
               the
               first
               that
               had
               promulgated
               the
               Agrarian
               Law
               ,
               and
               by
               many
               other
               Popular
               Acts
               had
               won
               the
               hearts
               of
               the
               people
               ,
               when
               he
               had
               laid
               down
               his
               command
               ,
               by
               advice
               of
               his
               Kindred
               and
               Friends
               ,
               condemn'd
               him
               in
               his
               own
               house
               for
               affecting
               the
               Kingdom
               :
               and
               after
               he
               was
               whipt
               ,
               commanded
               him
               to
               be
               put
               to
               death
               ;
               and
               consecrated
               his
               estate
               to
               Ceres
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               
                 Titus
                 Manlius
                 Torquatus
              
               ,
               famous
               for
               his
               many
               great
               Dignities
               ,
               and
               a
               person
               of
               rare
               experience
               in
               the
               Civil
               Law
               and
               the
               Pontifical
               Ceremonies
               ,
               did
               not
               think
               it
               necessary
               to
               consult
               his
               Friend
               in
               an
               act
               of
               the
               same
               nature
               .
               For
               when
               the
               Macedonians
               had
               by
               their
               Embassadours
               complain'd
               to
               the
               Senate
               of
               
                 D.
                 Silanus
              
               his
               Son
               ,
               who
               was
               Governour
               of
               that
               Province
               ,
               he
               besought
               the
               Senate
               ,
               that
               they
               would
               determine
               nothing
               in
               that
               affair
               ,
               till
               he
               had
               heard
               the
               difference
               betwixt
               his
               Son
               and
               the
               Macedonians
               .
               Then
               with
               the
               general
               consent
               of
               the
               Conscript
               Fathers
               ,
               and
               of
               them
               that
               came
               to
               complain
               ,
               he
               sate
               and
               heard
               the
               cause
               in
               his
               own
               House
               ,
               wherein
               he
               spent
               two
               whole
               days
               alone
               ,
               and
               the
               third
               day
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               diligently
               examin'd
               the
               testimonies
               on
               both
               sides
               ,
               he
               pronounced
               this
               Sentence
               :
               Whereas
               it
               
                 hath
                 been
                 proved
                 ,
                 that
              
               Silanus
               ,
               
                 my
                 Son
                 ,
                 has
                 taken
                 Money
                 of
                 our
                 Al●ies
                 ,
                 I
                 think
                 him
                 unworthy
                 to
                 live
                 either
                 in
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 my
                 House
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 command
                 him
                 forthwith
                 to
                 get
                 out
                 of
                 my
                 sight
                 .
                 Silanus
              
               struck
               with
               the
               sharp
               and
               cruel
               Sentence
               of
               his
               Father
               ,
               would
               not
               endure
               to
               live
               any
               longer
               ,
               but
               the
               next
               night
               hang'd
               himself
               .
               Now
               had
               Torquatus
               done
               the
               part
               of
               a
               severe
               Judge
               ;
               he
               had
               made
               satisfaction
               to
               the
               Common-wealth
               ;
               the
               Macedonians
               had
               their
               revenge
               ;
               and
               one
               
               would
               have
               thought
               ,
               that
               the
               Fathers
               rigour
               might
               have
               bin
               mollified
               by
               the
               unfortunate
               end
               of
               his
               Son
               :
               But
               he
               would
               neither
               be
               present
               at
               his
               Funeral
               ,
               nor
               listen
               to
               them
               that
               came
               to
               consult
               him
               about
               his
               Burial
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               But
               
                 M.
                 Seaurus
              
               ,
               the
               Light
               and
               Ornament
               of
               his
               Countrey
               ,
               when
               the
               Roman
               Cavalry
               was
               wors●ed
               by
               the
               Cimbrians
               ,
               and
               deserting
               the
               Proconsul
               C●tul●●
               ,
               took
               their
               flight
               toward
               the
               City
               ,
               sent
               one
               to
               tell
               his
               Son
               ,
               who
               was
               one
               of
               those
               that
               fled
               ,
               that
               he
               had
               rather
               meet
               with
               his
               carcass
               slain
               in
               the
               field
               ,
               than
               see
               him
               guilty
               of
               such
               a
               shameful
               flight
               .
               And
               therefore
               if
               there
               were
               any
               shame
               remaining
               in
               his
               breast
               ,
               degenerate
               as
               he
               was
               ,
               he
               should
               shun
               the
               sight
               of
               his
               enraged
               Father
               :
               For
               by
               the
               remembrance
               of
               his
               youth
               ,
               he
               was
               admonish'd
               what
               kind
               of
               Son
               was
               to
               be
               owned
               or
               contemned
               by
               such
               a
               Father
               as
               Scaurus
               Which
               message
               being
               deliver'd
               him
               ,
               the
               young
               man
               was
               forced
               to
               make
               a
               more
               fatal
               use
               of
               his
               Sword
               against
               himself
               ,
               than
               against
               his
               enemies
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               No
               less
               imperiously
               did
               
                 A.
                 Fulvius
              
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               Senatorian
               Order
               ,
               keep
               back
               his
               Son
               from
               going
               into
               the
               field
               ,
               than
               Scaurus
               chid
               his
               for
               running
               away
               .
               For
               he
               caus'd
               his
               Son
               ,
               eminent
               among
               his
               equals
               ,
               for
               his
               Wit
               ,
               Learning
               and
               Beauty
               to
               be
               put
               to
               death
               ;
               because
               he
               took
               part
               with
               Catiline
               ,
               being
               seduced
               by
               ill
               counsel
               :
               having
               brought
               him
               back
               by
               force
               ,
               as
               he
               was
               going
               to
               Catiline's
               Army
               ,
               and
               uttering
               these
               words
               before
               his
               death
               ,
               
                 That
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 beget
                 him
                 to
                 join
                 with
              
               Catiline
               
                 against
                 his
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 serve
                 his
                 Countrey
                 against
              
               Catiline
               .
               He
               might
               have
               kept
               him
               in
               till
               the
               heat
               of
               the
               War
               had
               been
               over
               ;
               but
               that
               would
               have
               bin
               only
               the
               act
               of
               a
               cautious
               ,
               this
               was
               the
               deed
               of
               a
               severe
               Father
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               IX
               .
               Of
               those
               that
               us'd
               Moderation
               toward
               their
               suspected
               Children
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 L.
                 Gellius
                 Publicola
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Q.
                 Hortensius
                 
                   the
                   Ora●or
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 One
                 Fulvius
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   A
                   certain
                   Parent
                
                 .
              
            
             
               BUt
               to
               temper
               this
               incensed
               and
               sharp
               Severity
               with
               a
               mixture
               of
               Clemency
               ,
               let
               us
               joyn
               acts
               of
               Pardon
               to
               exactness
               of
               Punishment
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 L.
                 Gellius
              
               ,
               a
               person
               that
               had
               gone
               through
               all
               the
               Offices
               of
               Honour
               ,
               even
               to
               the
               Censorship
               ,
               when
               he
               had
               almost
               discovered
               his
               Son
               to
               be
               guilty
               of
               most
               ●ainous
               Crimes
               ,
               as
               lying
               with
               his
               Mother-in-law
               ,
               and
               plotting
               with
               her
               to
               take
               away
               his
               Fathers
               Life
               ,
               did
               ●ot
               presently
               run
               to
               revenge
               himself
               ,
               but
               after
               he
               had
               consulted
               almost
               the
               whole
               Senate
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               charged
               him
               ,
               gave
               him
               the
               liberty
               to
               speak
               for
               himself
               ,
               and
               after
               a
               strict
               Examination
               and
               Trial
               ,
               he
               acquit●ed
               him
               .
               Had
               he
               hasted
               to
               cruelty
               out
               of
               the
               motions
               of
               Anger
               ,
               he
               had
               committed
               a
               greater
               crime
               ,
               than
               that
               which
               he
               sought
               to
               punish
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               
                 Quintus
                 Hor●ensius
              
               ,
               who
               in
               his
               time
               was
               ●he
               Ornament
               of
               the
               Roman
               Eloquence
               ,
               shew'd
               a
               singular
               example
               of
               Patience
               to
               his
               Son.
               For
               when
               he
               knew
               him
               to
               be
               so
               debauch'd
               ,
               that
               he
               could
               not
               endure
               his
               impiety
               ,
               and
               for
               that
               reason
               being
               about
               to
               make
               Messala
               his
               Sisters
               Son
               his
               Heir
               ,
               he
               told
               the
               Senate
               ,
               while
               he
               was
               defending
               him
               from
               an
               accusation
               of
               bribing
               the
               Peoples
               voices
               ,
               that
               if
               they
               condemn'd
               him
               ,
               he
               should
               have
               nothing
               left
               but
               the
               Kiss
               of
               his
               
               Nephews
               .
               Intimating
               by
               those
               words
               which
               he
               inserted
               in
               his
               Oration
               ,
               that
               he
               reserv'd
               his
               Son
               ,
               rather
               in
               the
               torment
               of
               his
               minde
               ,
               than
               among
               his
               pleasures
               :
               Yet
               that
               he
               might
               not
               invert
               the
               order
               of
               Nature
               ,
               he
               left
               his
               Estate
               to
               his
               Son
               ,
               and
               not
               to
               his
               Nephews
               ,
               Moderately
               using
               his
               Affections
               :
               For
               that
               in
               his
               life
               he
               gave
               an
               impartial
               testimony
               of
               his
               manners
               ,
               and
               being
               dead
               he
               did
               him
               the
               honour
               which
               was
               due
               to
               his
               blood
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               The
               same
               thing
               did
               Fulvius
               ,
               a
               man
               of
               great
               Fame
               and
               Dignity
               .
               For
               when
               he
               had
               besought
               the
               Senate
               ,
               that
               his
               Son
               ,
               being
               suspected
               of
               Parricide
               ,
               might
               be
               sought
               for
               by
               the
               Triumvir
               ,
               and
               apprehended
               by
               the
               Sena●es
               Warrant
               ▪
               he
               not
               only
               surceas'd
               to
               prosecute
               him
               ,
               but
               also
               left
               him
               all
               his
               Estate
               after
               his
               decease
               .
               Constituting
               the
               person
               whom
               he
               had
               begot
               ,
               not
               the
               person
               whose
               wickedness
               he
               had
               experienc'd
               ,
               for
               his
               Heir
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               To
               these
               merciful
               Acts
               of
               great
               men
               ,
               I
               will
               adde
               one
               new
               and
               unusual
               Example
               of
               an
               unknown
               Parent
               ▪
               Who
               finding
               that
               his
               Son
               lay
               in
               wait
               for
               his
               life
               ,
               and
               not
               believing
               that
               any
               true-born
               and
               truely-begot●en
               Child
               could
               ever
               harbour
               such
               lewd
               and
               wicked
               thoughts
               ,
               took
               his
               Wife
               one
               day
               aside
               ,
               and
               asked
               her
               very
               seriously
               ,
               whether
               the
               Child
               were
               supposititious
               ,
               or
               whether
               she
               had
               conceived
               him
               by
               another
               ?
               But
               being
               assured
               by
               her
               Oaths
               and
               Asseverations
               ,
               that
               he
               had
               no●
               any
               reason
               to
               be
               in
               that
               manner
               jealous
               ;
               he
               at
               length
               took
               his
               Son
               with
               him
               into
               a
               private
               place
               ,
               deliver'd
               him
               a
               Sword
               which
               he
               had
               secretly
               brought
               along
               wi●h
               him
               ,
               and
               bid
               him
               cut
               his
               throat
               ;
               telling
               him
               withal
               ,
               that
               he
               needed
               make
               use
               neither
               of
               Poyson
               nor
               Thieves
               to
               compleat
               his
               Parricide
               .
               The
               immediate
               thought
               of
               which
               act
               ,
               not
               by
               degrees
               ,
               but
               so
               suddainly
               poss●ss'd
               the
               breast
               of
               the
               young
               man
               ,
               that
               flinging
               away
               his
               Sword
               ,
               
                 Live
                 Father
              
               ,
               said
               he
               
                 live
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 if
                 you
                 are
                 so
                 dutiful
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 permit
                 such
                 a
                 Son
                 to
                 pray
                 ,
                 may
                 you
                 excel
                 me
                 in
                 length
                 of
                 days
                 .
                 But
                 I
                 beseech
                 you
                 withal
                 ,
                 let
                 not
                 this
                 my
                 Love
                 seem
                 the
                 more
                 ignoble
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 proceeds
                 from
                 penitence
                 .
              
               O
               Solitude
               more
               sacred
               than
               Bloodshed
               !
               O
               Woods
               more
               free
               from
               cruelty
               than
               home
               it self
               !
               O
               Sword
               more
               kinde
               than
               nourishment
               !
               O
               more
               happy
               benefit
               of
               Death
               offer'd
               ,
               than
               of
               Life
               bestow'd
               !
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               X.
               Of
               those
               who
               have
               couragiously
               born
               the
               Death
               of
               their
               Children
               .
            
             
               
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 M.
                 Horatius
                 Pulvillus
                 ,
                 Cos.
                 2.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 L.
                 Aemilius
                 Paulus
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Q.
                 Marcius
                 Rex
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORREIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Pericles
                 the
                 Athenian
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Xenophon
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Anaxagoras
                 .
              
            
             
               HAving
               made
               a
               relation
               of
               such
               Parents
               as
               patiently
               brooked
               the
               Injuries
               of
               their
               Children
               ,
               let
               us
               speak
               of
               such
               as
               have
               born
               their
               Death
               couragiously
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 Horatius
                 Pulvillus
              
               being
               to
               dedicate
               a
               Temple
               in
               the
               Capitol
               of
               Iupiter
               ,
               as
               he
               was
               holding
               the
               post
               ,
               and
               ready
               to
               pronounce
               certain
               solemn
               words
               ,
               news
               was
               brought
               him
               that
               his
               Son
               was
               dead
               :
               But
               he
               neither
               took
               his
               hand
               off
               the
               post
               ,
               nor
               made
               the
               least
               interruption
               in
               the
               Dedication
               of
               the
               Temple
               ,
               nor
               altered
               his
               countenance
               from
               the
               publick
               Ceremony
               to
               his
               private
               Grief
               ;
               lest
               he
               might
               seem
               rather
               to
               have
               acted
               the
               part
               of
               a
               Father
               ,
               than
               a
               High-priest
               .
               
                 Bury
                 the
                 carcass
                 then
              
               ,
               said
               he
               .
            
             
             
               2.
               
               A
               great
               Example
               ,
               and
               no
               less
               renowned
               than
               the
               former
               ,
               is
               that
               which
               follows
               .
               
                 Aemilius
                 Paulus
              
               ▪
               the
               pattern
               of
               a
               most
               happy
               ,
               yet
               a
               most
               unfortunate
               Father
               ,
               of
               four
               Sons
               which
               he
               had
               ,
               all
               hopeful
               and
               beautiful
               youths
               ,
               had
               translated
               two
               into
               the
               Cornelian
               Family
               by
               right
               of
               Adoption
               ,
               and
               only
               reserved
               two
               to
               himself
               .
               One
               of
               which
               died
               four
               daies
               before
               his
               Fathers
               Triumph
               .
               The
               other
               alive
               in
               the
               Triumphal
               Chariot
               expir'd
               the
               third
               day
               after
               .
               Thus
               he
               that
               was
               so
               liberal
               in
               bestowing
               Children
               upon
               others
               ,
               was
               himself
               left
               childless
               in
               a
               short
               time
               .
               Which
               Misfortune
               ,
               that
               you
               may
               know
               how
               magnanimously
               he
               brook'd
               it
               ,
               he
               made
               plainly
               apparent
               in
               an
               Oration
               which
               he
               made
               to
               the
               People
               ,
               concerning
               the
               Actions
               which
               he
               had
               done
               for
               them
               ,
               by
               adding
               this
               little
               clause
               :
               
                 When
                 in
                 the
                 highest
                 success
                 of
                 my
                 felicity
                 ,
                 I
                 was
                 afraid
                 ,
                 most
                 noble
              
               Romans
               ,
               
                 that
                 Fortune
                 would
                 do
                 me
                 some
                 mischief
                 or
                 other
                 ;
                 I
                 prayed
                 to
              
               Jupiter
               ,
               Juno
               and
               Minerva
               ,
               
                 that
                 if
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 Calamity
                 threatned
                 the
              
               Roman
               
                 Government
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 exhaust
                 it
                 all
                 upon
                 my
                 Family
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 't
                 is
                 very
                 well
                 ;
                 for
                 according
                 to
                 my
                 wishes
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 so
                 ordered
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 you
                 should
                 rather
                 compassionate
                 my
                 private
                 ,
                 than
                 I
                 bewail
                 your
                 publick
                 losses
                 .
              
            
             
               3.
               
               I
               will
               only
               adde
               one
               Domestic
               Example
               more
               ,
               and
               then
               permit
               my
               Story
               to
               wander
               .
               
                 Q.
                 Marcius
                 Rex
              
               the
               Elder
               ,
               Colleague
               with
               Cato
               in
               the
               Consulship
               ,
               lost
               a
               Son
               of
               eminent
               hopes
               and
               piety
               ,
               and
               which
               added
               to
               his
               calamity
               ,
               his
               onely
               Child
               .
               Yet
               when
               he
               saw
               his
               Family
               ruin'd
               and
               ended
               by
               his
               death
               ,
               he
               so
               suppress'd
               his
               grief
               by
               the
               depth
               of
               his
               prudence
               ,
               that
               immediately
               he
               went
               from
               his
               Sons
               grave
               to
               the
               Senate-house
               ;
               and
               as
               it
               was
               his
               duty
               that
               day
               ,
               immedi●tely
               summon'd
               all
               the
               Senators
               together
               .
               So
               that
               had
               he
               not
               generously
               sustain'd
               his
               sorrow
               ,
               he
               could
               not
               have
               equally
               divided
               the
               light
               of
               one
               day
               between
               
               a
               sad
               and
               mournful
               Father
               ,
               and
               a
               stout
               Consul
               ;
               not
               having
               omitted
               the
               good
               offices
               of
               either
               .
            
             
               
                 FORREIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Pericles
                 Prince
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 in
                 four
                 days
                 having
                 lost
                 two
                 most
                 incomparable
                 Youths
                 ;
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 alteration
                 in
                 his
                 Countenance
                 ;
                 or
                 discomposure
                 in
                 his
                 Speech
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 publick
                 Oration
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 Nay
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 Cu●tome
                 ,
                 he
                 wen●
                 with
                 his
                 Co●onet
                 upon
                 his
                 Head
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 not
                 omit
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 the
                 antient
                 Ceremony
                 for
                 the
                 wound
                 of
                 his
                 Family
                 .
                 Therefore
                 was
                 it
                 not
                 without
                 cause
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 person
                 of
                 his
                 magnanimous
                 spirit
                 ,
                 obtain'd
                 the
                 Sirname
                 of
                 Olympian
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Xenophon
                 ,
                 the
                 next
                 to
                 Plato
                 in
                 the
                 happy
                 degree
                 of
                 Eloquence
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 performing
                 a
                 solemn
                 Sacrifice
                 ,
                 received
                 news
                 that
                 the
                 eldest
                 of
                 his
                 Sons
                 ,
                 named
                 Gryllus
                 ,
                 was
                 slain
                 in
                 the
                 Battle
                 of
                 Mantinea
                 :
                 However
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 forbear
                 the
                 appointed
                 worship
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 was
                 contented
                 to
                 lay
                 aside
                 his
                 Garland
                 ;
                 which
                 yet
                 he
                 put
                 on
                 again
                 upon
                 his
                 head
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 understood
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 fell
                 couragiously
                 fighting
                 ;
                 calling
                 the
                 Gods
                 to
                 which
                 he
                 sacrificed
                 to
                 witness
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 more
                 rejoyced
                 at
                 the
                 noble
                 manner
                 of
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 than
                 sorrow'd
                 for
                 his
                 loss
                 .
                 Another
                 person
                 would
                 have
                 remov'd
                 the
                 Sacrifice
                 ,
                 would
                 have
                 thrown
                 away
                 the
                 Ornaments
                 of
                 the
                 Altars
                 ,
                 and
                 cast
                 away
                 the
                 Incense
                 all
                 bedabl'd
                 with
                 tears
                 .
                 But
                 
                 Xenophon's
                 body
                 stood
                 immove●ble
                 to
                 Religion
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 minde
                 remain'd
                 fix'd
                 in
                 the
                 advice
                 of
                 prudence
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 thought
                 it
                 a
                 thing
                 far
                 more
                 sad
                 to
                 submit
                 to
                 grief
                 ▪
                 than
                 to
                 think
                 of
                 the
                 loss
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 sustain'd
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Neither
                 was
                 Anaxagoras
                 to
                 be
                 suppress'd
                 .
                 For
                 hearing
                 the
                 news
                 of
                 his
                 Sons
                 death
                 :
                 
                   Thou
                   tellest
                   me
                
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   nothing
                   new
                   or
                   unex●ected
                   :
                   For
                   I
                   knew
                   ,
                   that
                   
                   as
                   he
                   was
                   bega●
                   by
                   me
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   mortal
                   .
                
                 These
                 expr●ssions
                 were
                 the
                 voice
                 of
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 season'd
                 with
                 mo●●
                 wholesome
                 Precepts
                 ,
                 which
                 whosoever
                 rightly
                 understand
                 ,
                 will
                 consider
                 ,
                 that
                 Children
                 are
                 so
                 to
                 be
                 begot
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 remember
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Law
                 of
                 Nature
                 has
                 prescrib'd
                 them
                 a
                 Law
                 of
                 receiving
                 and
                 yielding
                 up
                 their
                 breath
                 ,
                 both
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 moment
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 as
                 no
                 man
                 ever
                 died
                 that
                 did
                 not
                 live
                 ,
                 so
                 no
                 man
                 ever
                 lived
                 that
                 must
                 not
                 dye
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             LIB
             .
             VI.
             
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               I.
               Of
               Chastity
               .
            
             
               
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Lucretia
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 L.
                 Virginius
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Pontius
                 Aufidianus
                 a
                 Roman
                 Knight
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 P.
                 Maenius
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Q.
                 Fabius
                 Maximus
                 Servilianus
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 Attilius
                 Philiscus
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Claudius
                 Marcellus
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Q.
                 Metellus
                 Celer
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 T.
                 Veturius
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 C.
                 Pescenti●s
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 Cominius
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 C.
                 Marius
                 .
              
               
                 13.
                 
                 
                   Certain
                   private
                   persons
                   that
                   vindicated
                   private
                   Adulteries
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Hippo
                 a
                 Grecian
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Chiomara
                 ,
                 
                   wife
                   of
                
                 Orgiaguns
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 Teutons
                 wives
                 .
              
            
             
               WHence
               shall
               I
               summon
               thee
               forth
               ,
               fair
               Chastity
               ,
               the
               chief
               support
               of
               Men
               and
               Women
               !
               For
               thou
               inhabitest
               the
               Hearths
               consecrated
               to
               Vesta
               ,
               by
               the
               antient
               Religion
               .
               Thou
               broodest
               upon
               the
               Cushions
               of
               
                 Iupiter
                 Capitoline
              
               .
               Thou
               the
               pillar
               of
               the
               Palatium
               ,
               renderest
               famous
               the
               most
               illustrious
               Houshold-Gods
               ,
               and
               the
               most
               sacred
               Genial
               Bed
               of
               Iuliá
               ,
               by
               thy
               fixed
               habitation
               there
               .
               Thy
               Guardianship
               defends
               the
               honour
               of
               young
               Youth
               .
               And
               out
               of
               respect
               to
               thy
               Deity
               ,
               riper
               age
               continues
               incontaminate
               .
               Under
               thy
               protection
               the
               Matrons
               Stole
               ,
               or
               long
               
               Garment
               is
               reverenc'd
               .
               Come
               hither
               then
               ,
               and
               know
               what
               thou
               thy self
               wouldst
               have
               others
               do
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               Lucretia
               the
               first
               Example
               of
               Roman
               Chastity
               ,
               whose
               manlike
               Soul
               was
               ,
               by
               the
               mistake
               of
               Fortune
               ,
               enclosed
               in
               a
               female
               Body
               ,
               being
               constrain'd
               to
               suffer
               herself
               to
               be
               ravish'd
               by
               
                 Sextus
                 Tarquinius
              
               ,
               the
               son
               of
               him
               sirnamed
               the
               Proud
               ;
               when
               she
               had
               before
               an
               assembly
               of
               her
               Kindred
               and
               Friends
               lamented
               in
               most
               passionate
               expressions
               the
               Injury
               which
               she
               had
               received
               ,
               stabb●d
               herself
               with
               a
               Dagger
               ,
               which
               she
               had
               conceal'd
               under
               her
               Garment
               .
               Whose
               magnanimous
               Death
               gave
               the
               people
               an
               occasion
               to
               alter
               the
               Kingly
               Government
               into
               Consular
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Neither
               would
               Virginius
               brook
               an
               injury
               of
               this
               nature
               ,
               though
               a
               person
               of
               a
               very
               Vulgar
               extraction
               ,
               but
               of
               a
               Patrician
               spirit
               ;
               for
               lest
               his
               Family
               should
               be
               dishonour'd
               ,
               he
               spared
               not
               his
               own
               flesh
               and
               blood
               .
               For
               when
               
                 Appius
                 Claudius
              
               ,
               the
               Decemvir
               ,
               confiding
               in
               his
               power
               ,
               violently
               prosecuted
               the
               defiling
               of
               his
               Daughter
               ,
               he
               brought
               her
               forth
               publickly
               into
               the
               Market-place
               and
               slew
               her
               :
               choosing
               rather
               to
               be
               the
               Murtherer
               of
               a
               chast
               ,
               than
               the
               Father
               of
               a
               contaminated
               Daughter
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Nor
               was
               
                 Pontius
                 Aufidianus
              
               endued
               with
               less
               Courage
               of
               Minde
               ,
               being
               a
               Roman
               Knight
               ,
               who
               finding
               the
               Virginity
               of
               his
               Daughter
               prostituted
               by
               a
               Pedagogue
               to
               
                 Fannius
                 Saturninus
              
               ;
               not
               content
               to
               have
               put
               the
               wicked
               Servant
               to
               death
               ,
               he
               kill'd
               his
               Daughter
               .
               And
               that
               she
               might
               not
               celebrate
               dishonourable
               Nuptials
               ,
               he
               married
               her
               to
               a
               bitter
               funeral
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               What
               shall
               I
               say
               of
               
                 Pub.
                 Maenius
              
               ?
               What
               a
               strict
               Guardian
               of
               Chastity
               was
               he
               !
               For
               he
               punished
               a
               Freeman
               of
               his
               ,
               for
               whom
               he
               had
               a
               great
               kindness
               ,
               only
               because
               he
               had
               kiss'd
               his
               Daughter
               ,
               being
               of
               womans
               estate
               ;
               though
               it
               might
               seem
               not
               to
               have
               bin
               done
               so
               
               much
               out
               of
               Lust
               ,
               as
               by
               a
               mistake
               of
               breeding
               ,
               or
               long
               acquaintance
               .
               But
               he
               thought
               fit
               to
               imprint
               the
               Discipline
               of
               Chastity
               into
               the
               apprehension
               of
               the
               tender
               Maid
               ,
               by
               the
               severity
               of
               his
               servants
               punishment
               ;
               and
               taught
               her
               by
               so
               severe
               an
               Example
               ,
               that
               she
               was
               not
               only
               to
               preserve
               her
               Virginity
               ,
               but
               her
               Lips
               uncontaminated
               for
               her
               Husband
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               But
               
                 Quintus
                 Fabius
                 Maximus
                 Servilianus
              
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               born
               many
               great
               Offices
               with
               renown
               ,
               coming
               to
               the
               Censorship
               ,
               question'd
               his
               only
               Son
               for
               the
               doubtful
               loss
               of
               his
               Chastity
               :
               and
               he
               underwent
               the
               punishment
               ,
               by
               banishing
               himself
               out
               of
               the
               reach
               of
               his
               Father
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               I
               should
               have
               said
               the
               Censor
               had
               been
               too
               rigid
               ,
               but
               that
               
                 P.
                 Attilius
                 Philiscus
              
               ,
               who
               suffered
               his
               body
               to
               be
               made
               use
               of
               by
               his
               Master
               for
               gain
               ,
               prov'd
               so
               severe
               a
               Father
               afterwards
               :
               For
               he
               slew
               his
               Daughter
               ,
               because
               she
               play'd
               the
               whore
               .
               How
               sacred
               then
               ought
               we
               to
               think
               Chastity
               was
               ,
               in
               our
               City
               ,
               where
               the
               Procurers
               of
               Lust
               ,
               did
               so
               cruelly
               chastise
               it
               ?
            
             
               7.
               
               The
               Example
               of
               a
               most
               excellent
               person
               and
               a
               memorable
               act
               follows
               .
               
                 M.
                 Claudius
                 Marcellus
              
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               Aedils
               that
               rode
               in
               the
               moving
               Chair
               of
               State
               ,
               accus'd
               Scantinius
               a
               Tribune
               ,
               and
               summon'd
               him
               to
               answer
               before
               the
               People
               ;
               because
               he
               had
               given
               out
               ,
               that
               his
               Son
               had
               been
               abus'd
               in
               his
               Body
               .
               But
               he
               averring
               that
               he
               could
               not
               be
               compell'd
               ●o
               appear
               ,
               because
               he
               was
               priviledg'd
               ,
               and
               calling
               the
               Tribunal
               power
               to
               his
               assistance
               ;
               the
               whole
               Colledge
               of
               Tribunes
               denied
               to
               inte●cede
               in
               a
               cause
               where
               Chasti●y
               was
               call'd
               in
               question
               .
               Scantinius
               therefore
               being
               cited
               ,
               was
               condemn'd
               by
               that
               very
               witness
               ,
               who
               was
               accus'd
               by
               himself
               .
               For
               it
               is
               said
               ,
               that
               the
               Young-man
               being
               produc'd
               before
               the
               Judgment-seat
               ,
               with
               his
               eyes
               fixed
               upon
               the
               ground
               ,
               observ'd
               a
               most
               resolute
               silence
               ;
               by
               which
               modest
               silence
               he
               most
               of
               all
               prevail'd
               in
               his
               revenge
               .
            
             
             
               8.
               
               
                 Metellus
                 Celer
              
               also
               was
               a
               most
               severe
               chastiser
               of
               Libidinous
               Intent
               ;
               summoning
               
                 Cn.
                 Sergius
                 Silus
              
               to
               answer
               before
               the
               People
               ,
               for
               only
               proffering
               a
               sum
               of
               Money
               to
               the
               Mistriss
               of
               the
               Family
               ,
               and
               condemning
               him
               for
               that
               single
               Crime
               .
               For
               then
               not
               the
               deed
               alone
               ,
               but
               the
               very
               intention
               was
               brought
               into
               question
               ;
               and
               it
               was
               more
               harm
               ,
               to
               have
               willed
               an
               errour
               ,
               than
               it
               was
               profitable
               not
               to
               offend
               .
            
             
               9.
               
               Thus
               far
               the
               Juridical
               Gravity
               :
               here
               follows
               the
               extrajudicial
               .
               
                 T.
                 Veturius
              
               ,
               son
               of
               that
               Veturius
               ,
               who
               was
               delivered
               bound
               to
               the
               Samnites
               for
               making
               a
               dishonourable
               Truce
               with
               them
               ,
               when
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               ruine
               of
               his
               Estate
               ,
               and
               the
               great
               Debts
               of
               his
               family
               ,
               he
               was
               forc'd
               to
               yield
               himself
               in
               his
               youth
               bound
               to
               Plotius
               ,
               and
               was
               by
               him
               severely
               whipp'd
               ,
               because
               he
               would
               not
               permit
               him
               to
               make
               use
               of
               his
               Body
               ,
               complain'd
               thereof
               to
               the
               Consuls
               :
               Who
               acquainting
               the
               Senate
               with
               the
               matter
               ,
               sent
               Plotius
               to
               prison
               .
               For
               they
               endeavour'd
               to
               preserve
               the
               Chasti●y
               of
               the
               Roman
               blood
               safe
               ,
               in
               what
               state
               or
               condition
               soever
               .
            
             
               10.
               
               And
               what
               wonder
               if
               all
               the
               Conscript-Fathers
               made
               this
               decree
               ?
               
                 C.
                 Pescennius
              
               in
               Capital
               matters
               Triumvir
               ,
               loaded
               with
               the
               publick
               chains
               Cornelius
               a
               most
               noted
               souldier
               ,
               and
               one
               that
               had
               been
               ●our
               times
               advanc'd
               to
               be
               a
               Centurion
               of
               the
               Triarii
               ,
               or
               old
               Souldiers
               ;
               because
               he
               had
               had
               private
               familiari●y
               with
               a
               Youth
               born
               of
               free
               Parents
               .
               From
               whence
               appealing
               to
               the
               Tribunes
               ,
               when
               he
               spoke
               nothing
               o●
               the
               Fact
               ,
               but
               only
               said
               ,
               
                 That
                 he
                 was
                 ready
                 to
                 put
                 in
                 bail
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 out
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Boy
                 had
                 made
                 a
                 publick
                 prostitution
                 of
                 his
                 body
                 for
                 Money
              
               ;
               they
               absolutely
               refused
               to
               take
               any
               cognizance
               of
               the
               matter
               .
               Insomuch
               that
               Cornelius
               died
               in
               prison
               .
               For
               the
               Tribunes
               thought
               it
               too
               mean
               a
               thing
               for
               our
               Commonwealth
               to
               make
               bargains
               with
               men
               ,
               how
               stout
               soever
               ,
               and
               
               to
               sell
               Domestick
               pleasure
               at
               the
               price
               of
               Forraign
               danger
               .
            
             
               11.
               
               After
               the
               punishment
               of
               a
               lustful
               Centurion
               ,
               the
               severe
               usage
               of
               
                 Mar.
                 Laetorius
                 Mergus
              
               ,
               a
               Military
               Tribune
               ,
               and
               his
               ignominious
               Death
               ,
               is
               next
               to
               be
               related
               :
               who
               was
               cited
               before
               the
               People
               by
               Cominius
               ,
               one
               of
               their
               Tribunes
               ,
               being
               accus'd
               by
               his
               Muster-master
               for
               a
               force
               upon
               his
               body
               .
               Nor
               would
               Laetorius
               abide
               the
               Tryal
               ;
               but
               first
               of
               all
               privately
               fled
               before
               Judgement
               ,
               and
               then
               slew
               himself
               .
               Yet
               though
               he
               had
               satisfi●d
               Natures
               debt
               by
               his
               Death
               ,
               yet
               was
               he
               by
               the
               People
               condemn'd
               for
               the
               crime
               of
               Unchastity
               ;
               the
               severe
               Discipline
               of
               the
               Camp
               ,
               which
               was
               the
               most
               certain
               Guardian
               of
               the
               cons●crated
               Eagle
               ,
               and
               of
               the
               Roman
               Empire
               ,
               prosecu●ing
               him
               even
               to
               his
               Tomb.
               Because
               he
               had
               committed
               a
               force
               upon
               the
               body
               of
               him
               ,
               whose
               Master
               and
               Commander
               he
               was
               .
            
             
               12.
               
               This
               mov'd
               
                 Caius
                 Marius
              
               ,
               then
               when
               he
               pronounced
               
                 C.
                 Luscius
              
               his
               Sisters
               son
               ,
               and
               a
               Tribune
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               to
               be
               legally
               slam
               by
               
                 C.
                 Plotius
              
               a
               common
               Souldiers
               ;
               because
               he
               durst
               impeach
               him
               before
               the
               people
               ,
               upon
               an
               accusation
               of
               abusing
               his
               Body
               .
            
             
               13.
               
               But
               to
               give
               a
               slight
               account
               of
               those
               ,
               who
               have
               made
               use
               of
               their
               own
               instead
               of
               the
               publick
               Law
               ,
               in
               the
               vindication
               of
               their
               Chastity
               :
               
                 Sempronius
                 Muses
              
               caus'd
               
                 C.
                 Gallius
              
               to
               be
               whipp'd
               ,
               for
               being
               taken
               in
               the
               act
               .
               
                 C.
                 Memmius
              
               also
               caus'd
               
                 L.
                 Octavius
              
               to
               be
               handled
               after
               the
               same
               manner
               for
               the
               same
               fact
               :
               
                 Carbo
                 Accienus
              
               was
               gelt
               by
               
                 Vibienus
                 ,
                 Pontius
              
               by
               
                 P.
                 Cernius
              
               ,
               being
               both
               taken
               in
               the
               Act.
               A
               certain
               person
               also
               took
               
                 Cn.
                 Furius
                 Brochus
              
               in
               the
               fact
               ,
               and
               deliver'd
               him
               over
               to
               be
               abus'd
               by
               the
               whole
               Family
               :
               who
               counted
               it
               no
               detriment
               to
               indulge
               their
               own
               Anger
               .
            
             
               
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 And
                 that
                 I
                 may
                 adde
                 Forraign
                 to
                 Domestick
                 Examples
                 ,
                 a
                 Grecian
                 woman
                 named
                 Hippo
                 ,
                 being
                 taken
                 by
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 flung
                 herself
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 might
                 preserve
                 her
                 Ch●stity
                 :
                 whose
                 body
                 wasting
                 to
                 the
                 Erechtean
                 shore
                 ,
                 was
                 buried
                 by
                 the
                 Sea-side
                 ,
                 and
                 lies
                 cover'd
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 hi●ock
                 to
                 this
                 day
                 .
                 But
                 Greece
                 having
                 committed
                 to
                 eternal
                 memory
                 the
                 honour
                 of
                 her
                 Sanctity
                 ,
                 makes
                 her
                 every
                 day
                 more
                 famous
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 A
                 more
                 vehement
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 which
                 follows
                 a
                 more
                 considerate
                 Example
                 of
                 Chastity
                 .
                 The
                 Army
                 of
                 the
                 Gall●-Graeci
                 being
                 all
                 defea●ed
                 and
                 taken
                 by
                 
                   Cn.
                   M●nlius
                
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Olympus
                 ,
                 the
                 wife
                 of
                 Orgi●gon
                 ,
                 a
                 woman
                 of
                 extraordinary
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 was
                 taken
                 likewise
                 and
                 forc'd
                 by
                 the
                 Centurion
                 ,
                 to
                 whose
                 custody
                 she
                 was
                 committed
                 .
                 When
                 she
                 came
                 to
                 that
                 place
                 ,
                 where
                 by
                 the
                 Co●sul●
                 command
                 the
                 Centurion
                 had
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 friends
                 of
                 the
                 Woman
                 to
                 bring
                 her
                 Ransome
                 ,
                 while
                 the
                 Centurion
                 was
                 weighing
                 the
                 Gold
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 eyes
                 fix'd
                 upon
                 the
                 quantity
                 ,
                 the
                 Gallo-Grecia●
                 in
                 h●r
                 own
                 l●ng●●g●
                 commanded
                 those
                 of
                 her
                 own
                 Nation
                 to
                 kill
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 with
                 the
                 Head
                 cut
                 off
                 in
                 her
                 hand
                 ,
                 sh●
                 went
                 to
                 her
                 Husband
                 ,
                 and
                 casting
                 it
                 ●t
                 her
                 feet
                 ,
                 she
                 r●lated
                 the
                 injury
                 done
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 her
                 own
                 revenge
                 .
                 W●at
                 put
                 of
                 this
                 Woman
                 can
                 any
                 one
                 say
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 pow●r
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 but
                 h●r
                 Body
                 ?
                 for
                 neither
                 could
                 her
                 Minde
                 be
                 vanquished
                 ,
                 nor
                 her
                 Chastity
                 taken
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 But
                 the
                 Wives
                 of
                 the
                 Teut●us
                 besought
                 M●rius
                 their
                 Conquerour
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 sent
                 by
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 Present
                 to
                 the
                 Vestal
                 Virgins
                 ,
                 affirming
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 abstain
                 from
                 the
                 company
                 of
                 m●n
                 a●
                 sacredly
                 as
                 they
                 should
                 .
                 But
                 that
                 r●quest
                 not
                 being
                 granted
                 
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 next
                 night
                 they
                 all
                 hang'd
                 themselves
                 .
                 'T
                 was
                 well
                 the
                 Gods
                 did
                 not
                 in●use
                 the
                 same
                 Courage
                 into
                 their
                 Husbands
                 in
                 the
                 field
                 .
                 For
                 had
                 they
                 imitated
                 the
                 Vertue
                 of
                 their
                 Wives
                 ,
                 they
                 had
                 question'd
                 the
                 Triumphs
                 of
                 the
                 Teutonic
                 Victory
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               II.
               What
               things
               were
               freely
               said
               or
               done
               .
            
             
               
                 Among
                 the
                 Romans
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Embassadors
                   of
                   the
                
                 Privern●tes
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Lucius
                 Marcius
                 Philippus
                 Cos.
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Scipio
                 Aemilianus
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Cn.
                 Calpuroius
                 Piso.
                 
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 M.
                 Cato
                 of
                 Utica
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Cn.
                 Lentulus
                 Marcellinus
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 M.
                 Favonius
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Helvius
                 Mancia
                 Fermianus
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 D●lphilus
                 
                   the
                   Tragedian
                
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 Marcus
                 Castricius
                 the
                 Placentine
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 Servius
                 Sulpitius
                 Galba
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 A.
                 Casellius
                 
                   the
                   Lawyer
                
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Forraigners
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Machaera
                 a
                 Macedonian
                 woman
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 A
                 Syracusan
                 Woman
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Theodorus
                 the
                 Cyrenean
                 .
              
            
             
               As
               I
               did
               not
               invite
               Liberty
               ,
               attested
               as
               well
               by
               the
               Words
               as
               by
               the
               Sayings
               of
               vehement
               Spirits
               ;
               so
               I
               will
               not
               exclude
               it
               coming
               in
               my
               way
               .
               Which
               being
               sci●uated
               between
               Vertue
               and
               Vice
               ,
               if
               it
               keep
               it self
               within
               the
               bounds
               of
               Moderation
               ,
               may
               deserve
               Prais●
               ,
               if
               it
               launch
               out
               further
               than
               the
               limits
               of
               due
               res●ect
               ,
               is
               to
               be
               reprehended
               :
               becoming
               thereby
               more
               grateful
               to
               the
               ears
               of
               the
               Vulgar
               ,
               than
               approv'd
               by
               
               Wisemen
               ;
               and
               is
               more
               secure
               in
               the
               pardon
               of
               others
               ,
               than
               in
               the
               providence
               of
               the
               person
               .
               But
               since
               we
               have
               resolv'd
               to
               prosecute
               all
               the
               parts
               of
               Humane
               Action
               ;
               let
               us
               relate
               the
               S●ory
               upon
               our
               own
               credit
               ,
               and
               let
               others
               judge
               as
               they
               think
               fit
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               Privernum
               being
               taken
               ,
               and
               those
               persons
               put
               to
               death
               ,
               who
               had
               caus'd
               the
               Town
               to
               reb●l
               ▪
               the
               Senate
               mov'd
               with
               indignation
               ,
               consider'd
               what
               th●y
               should
               do
               with
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Inhabitants
               .
               Thus
               their
               safety
               was
               in
               a
               fluctuating
               condition
               ,
               at
               the
               same
               time
               subject
               to
               the
               Victors
               ,
               and
               those
               that
               were
               incens'd
               against
               them
               .
               But
               when
               they
               saw
               there
               was
               no
               way
               but
               to
               submit
               and
               petition
               ,
               they
               could
               not
               forget
               that
               they
               had
               some
               Italian
               blood
               in
               the●r
               Veins
               .
               For
               the
               chief
               in
               Court
               being
               examin'd
               among
               them
               ,
               what
               punishment
               they
               deserv'd
               ;
               made
               answer
               ,
               What
               punishment
               they
               deserv'd
               ,
               who
               thought
               themselves
               worthy
               of
               Liber●y
               .
               He
               had
               taken
               Arms
               in
               words
               ,
               and
               had
               inflam'd
               the
               incens'd
               minds
               of
               the
               Senators
               .
               When
               Plautius
               the
               Consul
               ●avouring
               the
               cause
               of
               the
               Privern●tes
               ,
               p●●
               a
               stop
               to
               his
               stout
               answer
               ,
               and
               ask'd
               him
               ag●in
               ,
               What
               kind
               of
               Peace
               the
               Romans
               should
               make
               with
               them
               ,
               granting
               them
               their
               p●rdon
               ?
               But
               he
               with
               a
               resolute
               Countenan●e
               return'd
               again
               ,
               
                 If
                 ye
                 grant
                 us
                 good
                 Conditions
                 ,
                 let
                 the
                 Peace
                 be
                 perpetual
                 ,
                 if
                 bad
                 ,
                 as
                 short
                 as
                 you
                 please
                 .
              
               By
               w●i●●
               st●●n
               Rep●rtie
               he
               brought
               it
               to
               pass
               ,
               that
               the
               vanquish'd
               were
               not
               only
               pardon'd
               ,
               but
               enjoy'd
               the
               Priviledges
               of
               our
               City
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Thus
               the
               Captain
               of
               the
               Privernates
               spoke
               in
               the
               Senate
               .
               But
               
                 L.
                 Philippus
              
               the
               Co●sul
               did
               not
               forbear
               to
               make
               use
               of
               the
               same
               liberty
               against
               the
               same
               Order
               .
               For
               upbraiding
               their
               sl●ath
               before
               the
               Rostra
               ,
               he
               told
               them
               ,
               
                 The
                 Commonwealth
                 stood
                 in
                 need
                 of
                 another
                 Senate
              
               ;
               and
               was
               so
               far
               from
               repenting
               for
               what
               he
               had
               said
               ,
               that
               he
               c●mmanded
               
                 L.
                 Crassus
              
               ,
               a
               man
               of
               
               great
               Dignity
               and
               Eloquence
               ,
               to
               be
               laid
               hold
               on
               for
               murmuring
               against
               it
               .
               But
               he
               ,
               thrusting
               back
               the
               Lictor
               ,
               
                 Thou
                 art
                 no
                 Consul
                 of
                 mine
                 ,
              
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 because
                 I
                 am
                 no
                 Senator
                 of
                 thine
                 .
              
            
             
               3.
               
               Wha●
               !
               Were
               the
               people
               safe
               from
               the
               assaults
               of
               Liberty
               ?
               No
               ,
               it
               both
               assai●'d
               them
               ,
               and
               found
               them
               patiently
               suffering
               .
               Carbo
               a
               Tribune
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               and
               a
               most
               turbulent
               assertor
               of
               the
               Graccbian
               Sedition
               ,
               and
               a
               most
               absolute
               firebrand
               of
               the
               growing
               Civil
               Wars
               ,
               having
               hal'd
               
                 P.
                 Africanus
              
               from
               the
               very
               Gate
               of
               the
               City
               to
               the
               Rostra
               ,
               as
               he
               return'd
               with
               Triumph
               from
               the
               ruines
               of
               Numantium
               ,
               there
               ask'd
               him
               his
               opinion
               of
               the
               death
               of
               Gracchus
               ,
               whose
               Sister
               he
               had
               married
               :
               that
               by
               the
               authority
               of
               a
               person
               so
               much
               in
               credit
               ,
               he
               might
               adde
               fuel
               to
               the
               fire
               already
               begun
               :
               Not
               doubting
               ,
               but
               that
               in
               regard
               of
               their
               near
               relation
               ,
               he
               would
               have
               spoken
               somewhat
               aff●ctionately
               in
               behalf
               of
               his
               Brother
               that
               was
               put
               to
               death
               ;
               but
               he
               answer'd
               ,
               
                 That
                 he
                 was
                 legally
                 slain
              
               .
               Upon
               which
               saying
               ,
               when
               the
               whole
               Assembly
               incens'd
               with
               the
               Tribun●tian
               fury
               ,
               began
               to
               make
               a
               great
               Clamour
               ,
               
                 Hold
                 your
                 peace
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 you
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
              
               Italy
               
                 is
                 but
                 a
                 stepmother
              
               .
               And
               when
               they
               began
               to
               set
               up
               another
               Cry
               ,
               
                 You
                 shall
                 never
                 make
                 me
                 fear
                 ,
              
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 those
                 free
                 ,
                 whom
                 I
                 brought
                 hither
                 bound
                 .
              
               Thus
               were
               the
               whole
               People
               reproved
               by
               one
               man
               with
               contempt
               .
               What
               an
               honour
               they
               gave
               to
               Vertue
               !
               They
               presently
               were
               mute
               .
               The
               Numantine
               Victory
               fresh
               in
               Memory
               ,
               his
               Fathers
               Macedonian
               Conquest
               ,
               his
               Grand-fathers
               Carthaginian
               Trophies
               ,
               and
               the
               Necks
               of
               two
               Kings
               ,
               Perseus
               and
               Syphax
               ,
               chain'd
               to
               their
               Triumphal
               Chariots
               ,
               stopt
               the
               mouths
               of
               the
               enraged
               Multitude
               .
               Nor
               did
               silence
               proceed
               from
               fear
               ,
               but
               because
               through
               the
               aid
               of
               the
               Cornelian
               and
               Aemilian
               Families
               ,
               many
               fears
               of
               the
               City
               and
               Italy
               were
               put
               to
               an
               end
               ;
               the
               People
               of
               Rome
               were
               not
               free
               ,
               in
               respect
               of
               
               Scipio's
               Liberty
               .
            
             
             
               4.
               
               And
               therefore
               we
               need
               the
               less
               wonder
               that
               the
               vast
               Authority
               of
               Pompey
               contested
               so
               often
               with
               Liberty
               .
               Nor
               was
               it
               without
               great
               applause
               that
               he
               took
               things
               patiently
               ,
               because
               it
               was
               his
               fortune
               to
               be
               a
               laughing-stock
               to
               the
               license
               of
               all
               sorts
               of
               men
               .
               
                 Cn.
                 Piso
              
               when
               he
               had
               indited
               
                 Manilius
                 Crispus
              
               ,
               and
               saw
               him
               ,
               though
               apparently
               guilty
               ,
               to
               be
               protected
               by
               Pompey
               ;
               being
               carried
               on
               with
               a
               youthful
               heat
               and
               desire
               of
               accusation
               ,
               he
               tax'd
               the
               potent
               defendour
               with
               many
               great
               and
               hainous
               Crimes
               :
               Being
               then
               examin'd
               by
               him
               ,
               why
               he
               did
               not
               accuse
               him
               himself
               ?
               
                 Do
                 but
                 thou
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 give
                 Sureties
                 to
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 ,
                 if
                 thou
                 art
                 accused
                 ,
                 that
                 thou
                 wilt
                 not
                 raise
                 a
                 Civil
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 will
                 cause
                 the
                 Iudges
                 to
                 sit
                 upon
                 thy
                 head
                 ,
                 before
                 they
                 sit
                 upon
                 the
                 head
                 of
              
               Manilius
               .
               Thus
               by
               the
               same
               Judgment
               he
               maintain'd
               two
               persons
               guilty
               ;
               Manilius
               by
               his
               Accusation
               ,
               Pompey
               by
               his
               Liberty
               :
               and
               the
               one
               he
               fulfill'd
               by
               Law
               ,
               the
               other
               by
               the
               profession
               of
               his
               good
               will
               ,
               not
               being
               able
               to
               go
               any
               farther
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               What
               therefore
               is
               Liberty
               without
               Cato
               ?
               No
               more
               than
               Cato
               without
               Liberty
               .
               For
               when
               he
               sate
               Judge
               upon
               a
               Senator
               ,
               that
               was
               very
               guilty
               and
               infamous
               ,
               and
               that
               there
               were
               Certificates
               produced
               under
               
               Pompey's
               hand
               ,
               in
               favour
               of
               the
               party
               accus'd
               ,
               he
               presently
               caus'd
               them
               to
               be
               laid
               aside
               ,
               reciting
               the
               Law
               ,
               wherein
               it
               was
               enacted
               that
               no
               Senator
               should
               make
               use
               of
               any
               such
               assistance
               .
               The
               fact
               is
               not
               much
               to
               be
               wonder'd
               at
               ,
               considering
               the
               person
               ;
               for
               what
               might
               seem
               sauciness
               in
               another
               ,
               was
               in
               Cato
               known
               to
               be
               Fidelity
               to
               his
               Countrey
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               
                 Cn.
                 Lentulus
                 Marcellinus
              
               the
               Consul
               ,
               when
               he
               was
               complaining
               in
               a
               set
               Speech
               of
               
               Pompey's
               prodigious
               power
               ,
               and
               that
               all
               the
               people
               began
               to
               cry
               him
               up
               ;
               Shout
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 shout
                 while
                 you
                 may
                 ,
                 brave
              
               Romans
               ,
               
                 shortly
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 lawful
                 for
                 you
                 to
                 do
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 go
                 unpunish'd
                 .
              
               
               Thus
               was
               the
               power
               of
               a
               potent
               Citizen
               nipp'd
               ,
               on
               the
               one
               side
               by
               envious
               complaint
               ,
               on
               the
               other
               side
               by
               a
               sad
               lamentation
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               To
               which
               eminent
               Citizen
               ,
               having
               his
               thigh
               bound
               about
               with
               a
               white
               Shash
               ,
               
                 It
                 matters
                 not
              
               ,
               said
               
                 Favonius
                 ,
                 upon
                 what
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 the
                 Diadem
                 be
                 worn
                 .
              
               Upbraiding
               his
               Kingly
               Power
               ,
               by
               cavilling
               at
               a
               little
               piece
               of
               cloth
               .
               But
               he
               turning
               his
               head
               neither
               one
               way
               nor
               other
               ,
               was
               mighty
               careful
               how
               he
               acknowledged
               his
               power
               by
               any
               chearfulness
               in
               his
               looks
               ,
               or
               how
               he
               shewed
               his
               Anger
               by
               any
               Severity
               :
               and
               by
               that
               patience
               laid
               himself
               open
               to
               the
               meanest
               and
               lowest
               sort
               of
               people
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               
                 Helvius
                 Mancia
                 Formianus
              
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Libertinus
               ,
               when
               he
               was
               very
               old
               accus'd
               Libo
               to
               the
               Censors
               :
               In
               which
               contest
               when
               Pompey
               the
               Great
               upbraided
               him
               with
               his
               low
               condition
               ,
               and
               his
               old
               age
               ,
               and
               told
               him
               withal
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               sent
               from
               the
               Grave
               to
               be
               an
               Accuser
               ;
               
                 Thou
                 tellest
                 no
                 untruth
              
               ,
               Pompey
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 I
                 come
                 from
                 the
                 infernal
                 shades
                 to
                 accuse
              
               Libo
               .
               
                 But
                 when
                 I
                 was
                 there
                 ,
                 I
                 saw
              
               Cn.
               Domitius
               Ahenobarb●s
               
                 all
                 bloody
                 and
                 weeping
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 being
                 of
                 a
                 noble
                 Extraction
                 ,
                 of
                 an
                 upright
                 Life
                 and
                 Conversation
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 Lover
                 of
                 his
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 in
                 the
                 flower
                 of
                 his
                 youth
                 at
                 thy
                 command
                 .
                 I
                 saw
                 there
                 also
              
               Brutus
               ,
               
                 famous
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 degree
                 ,
                 hack'd
                 and
                 hew'd
                 ,
                 complaining
                 that
                 the
                 same
                 calamity
                 befel
                 him
                 ,
                 first
                 through
                 thy
                 perfidy
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 by
                 thy
                 cruelty
                 .
                 I
                 saw
              
               Cn.
               Carbo
               
                 a
                 zealous
                 defender
                 of
                 thy
                 youth
                 and
                 of
                 thy
                 paternal
                 estate
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 third
                 C●nsulship
                 ,
                 laden
                 with
                 those
                 chains
                 which
                 thou
                 didst
                 cause
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 upon
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 upbraiding
                 thee
                 ,
                 that
                 contrary
                 to
                 all
                 equity
                 and
                 justice
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 slain
                 by
                 thee
                 a
                 private
              
               Roman
               
                 Knight
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 greatest
                 Officer
                 in
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 .
                 I
                 saw
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 habit
                 and
                 condition
                 ,
                 a
                 person
                 of
                 the
                 Pretorian
                 Order
                 ,
              
               Perpenna
               ,
               
                 cursing
                 thy
                 Cruelty
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 with
                 o●●
                 
                 ●onsent
                 bewailing
                 their
                 hard
                 fate
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 fall
                 uncondemn'd
                 ,
                 under
                 such
                 a
                 young
                 hangman
                 as
                 thou
                 .
              
               It
               was
               lawful
               for
               a
               Member
               of
               a
               Municipal
               Town
               ,
               that
               still
               had
               a
               twang
               of
               his
               Fathers
               servitude
               ,
               with
               an
               unbridled
               rashness
               and
               an
               unsufferable
               malice
               to
               recal
               to
               minde
               the
               wide
               wounds
               which
               he
               had
               receiv'd
               in
               the
               Civil
               War
               ,
               now
               grown
               dry
               with
               age
               .
               and
               therefore
               at
               that
               time
               he
               was
               in
               the
               st●ongest
               condition
               to
               reproach
               Pompey
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               in
               the
               safest
               .
            
             
               9.
               
               Diphilus
               the
               Tragedian
               ,
               when
               in
               the
               Apollinary
               Plays
               he
               came
               to
               that
               Verse
               ,
               wherein
               there
               is
               this
               Sentence
               ,
               
                 Our
                 misery
                 is
                 ,
                 Magnus
              
               ;
               he
               pronounced
               the
               words
               pointing
               full
               upon
               Pompey
               :
               And
               being
               rebuk'd
               by
               the
               People
               ,
               immediately
               fell
               to
               act
               him
               ,
               as
               a
               person
               that
               carried
               himself
               too
               great
               and
               busie
               in
               Authority
               .
               With
               the
               same
               petulancy
               he
               repeated
               those
               other
               words
               ,
               
                 The
                 time
                 shall
                 come
                 when
                 thou
                 shalt
                 bewail
                 that
                 vertue
                 .
              
            
             
               10.
               
               The
               mind
               of
               
                 Marcus
                 Castricius
              
               was
               also
               inflam'd
               with
               Liberty
               ,
               who
               being
               the
               chief
               Magistrate
               at
               Placentia
               ,
               at
               what
               time
               
                 Cn.
                 Corbo
              
               the
               Consul
               caus'd
               a
               Decree
               to
               be
               made
               ,
               that
               the
               Placentines
               should
               give
               Hostages
               ,
               neither
               obey'd
               his
               Authority
               ,
               nor
               submitted
               to
               Greater
               Men.
               And
               to
               one
               that
               told
               him
               ,
               
                 He
                 had
                 many
                 Swords
              
               ,
               he
               answer'd
               .
               
                 And
                 I
                 years
              
               .
               The
               Legions
               were
               amaz'd
               to
               behold
               such
               stout
               Reliques
               of
               Old
               Age.
               And
               
               Carbo's
               anger
               surceas'd
               of
               it self
               ,
               having
               so
               little
               matter
               to
               rage
               upon
               ,
               knowing
               how
               small
               a
               part
               of
               his
               life
               he
               should
               deprive
               him
               of
               .
            
             
               11.
               
               But
               the
               Accusation
               of
               
                 Ser.
                 Galba
              
               was
               strangely
               presumptuous
               .
               Who
               forbore
               not
               to
               tax
               the
               sacred
               Iulius
               himself
               after
               all
               his
               Victories
               ,
               as
               he
               sate
               in
               the
               Seat
               to
               Judicature
               .
               Caius
               Julius
               Caesar
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 I
                 took
                 up
                 money
                 upon
                 my
                 b●il
                 for
              
               Pompey
               
                 the
                 Great
                 ,
                 thy
                 Son
                 in
                 Law
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 third
                 Consulship
                 :
                 What
                 shall
                 I
                 do
                 ?
                 Must
                 I
                 suffer
                 ?
              
               He
               deserv'd
               to
               have
               been
               turn'd
               out
               of
               
               the
               Court
               ,
               for
               upbraiding
               him
               so
               openly
               with
               the
               sale
               of
               
               Pompey's
               Goods
               .
               But
               he
               more
               mild
               than
               Clemency
               it self
               ,
               caus'd
               
               Pompey's
               Debt
               to
               be
               paid
               him
               out
               of
               his
               own
               Treasury
               .
            
             
               12.
               
               
                 A.
                 Caesellius
              
               a
               famous
               Civilian
               ,
               yet
               '
               how
               sawcie
               and
               impertinent
               !
               For
               no
               Favour
               ,
               no
               Authority
               could
               compel
               him
               to
               make
               a
               Bill
               of
               sale
               of
               those
               Goods
               which
               the
               Triumviri
               had
               given
               away
               .
               By
               that
               Judgment
               of
               his
               excluding
               the
               purchases
               of
               Victory
               out
               of
               all
               course
               and
               form
               of
               Law.
               The
               same
               person
               ,
               when
               he
               had
               spoken
               many
               things
               against
               
               Caesar's
               Faction
               ,
               and
               that
               his
               Friends
               admonish'd
               him
               to
               be
               silent
               :
               
                 There
                 were
                 two
                 things
              
               ,
               he
               answered
               ,
               
                 most
                 bitter
                 to
                 most
                 men
                 ,
                 that
                 gave
                 him
                 the
                 boldness
                 which
                 he
                 took
                 ;
                 that
                 was
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 old
                 Age
                 ,
                 and
                 want
                 of
                 Children
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 A
                 Woman
                 of
                 another
                 Countrey
                 intrudes
                 among
                 so
                 many
                 Men
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 undeservedly
                 condemned
                 by
                 King
                 Philip
                 in
                 his
                 drink
                 ;
                 
                   I
                   would
                   appeal
                   to
                
                 Philip
                 ,
                 said
                 she
                 ,
                 
                   but
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   when
                   he
                   is
                   sober
                   .
                
                 The
                 smart
                 sentence
                 rows'd
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 her
                 present
                 courage
                 she
                 compell'd
                 the
                 King
                 to
                 examine
                 the
                 business
                 more
                 strictly
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 juster
                 Sentence
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 she
                 extorted
                 that
                 Justice
                 which
                 she
                 could
                 not
                 get
                 by
                 fair
                 means
                 :
                 borrowing
                 her
                 assistance
                 rather
                 from
                 her
                 frankness
                 of
                 Speech
                 ,
                 than
                 from
                 her
                 Innocence
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 next
                 now
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 a
                 stout
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 lepid
                 and
                 witty
                 liberty
                 of
                 speech
                 .
                 A
                 very
                 antient
                 Woman
                 ,
                 when
                 all
                 the
                 Syracusans
                 pray'd
                 for
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 Cruelty
                 and
                 Oppression
                 ,
                 pray'd
                 every
                 day
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 for
                 his
                 life
                 and
                 safety
                 .
                 Which
                 when
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 understood
                 ,
                 admiring
                 her
                 undeserved
                 kindness
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 for
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 enquired
                 of
                 her
                 what
                 merit
                 of
                 his
                 made
                 her
                 so
                 careful
                 of
                 
                 him
                 ?
                 Then
                 
                   Truely
                   Sir
                
                 ,
                 said
                 she
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   reason
                   of
                   my
                   designe
                   is
                   very
                   well
                   grounded
                   :
                   For
                   when
                   I
                   was
                   a
                   Girl
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   a
                   very
                   severe
                   Tyrant
                   ruled
                   over
                   us
                   ,
                   I
                   desired
                   his
                   death
                   ;
                   he
                   being
                   slain
                   ,
                   one
                   more
                   cruel
                   came
                   in
                   his
                   place
                   :
                   then
                   I
                   prayed
                   that
                   he
                   might
                   be
                   taken
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   way
                   ▪
                   after
                   whom
                   ,
                   we
                   began
                   to
                   feel
                   thee
                   worse
                   than
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   :
                   And
                   therefore
                   fearing
                   lest
                   if
                   thou
                   shouldst
                   die
                   ,
                   a
                   worse
                   than
                   thee
                   should
                   succeed
                   ,
                   I
                   pray
                   to
                   the
                   Gods
                   for
                   thy
                   safety
                   .
                
                 Which
                 facetious
                 boldness
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 himself
                 had
                 not
                 the
                 face
                 to
                 punish
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Between
                 these
                 and
                 Theodorus
                 the
                 Cyrenean
                 there
                 might
                 be
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 match
                 made
                 for
                 stoutness
                 of
                 mind
                 ;
                 as
                 ver●uous
                 ,
                 though
                 not
                 so
                 fortunate
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 Lysimachus
                 threatned
                 to
                 put
                 him
                 to
                 death
                 ;
                 Truely
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   You
                   think
                   you
                   have
                   a
                   great
                   purchase
                   ,
                   because
                   you
                   understand
                   the
                   vertue
                   of
                   Cantharides
                   .
                
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 being
                 incens'd
                 at
                 his
                 Answer
                 ,
                 commanded
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 nail'd
                 to
                 the
                 Cross
                 ;
                 
                   Fright
                   your
                   Courtiers
                
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   with
                   that
                   Sentence
                   ;
                   for
                   't
                   is
                   all
                   one
                   to
                   me
                   ,
                   whether
                   I
                   stink
                   under
                   ground
                   or
                   above
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               III.
               Of
               Severity
               .
            
             
               
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Roman
                 People
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 P.
                 Mu●ius
                 Scaevola
                 ,
                 
                   Tribune
                   of
                   the
                   People
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Senate
                   of
                
                 Rome
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 M.
                 Curius
                 Dentatus
                 ,
                 Cos.
                 
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 L.
                 Domitius
                 Ahenobarbus
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 M.
                 Horat.
                 Tergeminus
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Senate
                   of
                
                 Rome
                 
                   against
                   Incest
                
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Kinsmen
                   against
                   Witches
                
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 Egnatius
                 Metellus
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 C.
                 Sulpitius
                 Gallus
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 Q.
                 Antistius
                 
                   the
                   Old.
                
                 
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 P.
                 Sempronius
                 Sophus
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Lacedaemonians
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Athenians
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Cambyses
                 
                   King
                   of
                
                 Persia
                 .
              
            
             
               IT
               is
               necessary
               we
               should
               arm
               our selves
               with
               Cruelty
               ,
               while
               we
               treat
               of
               the
               terrible
               and
               horrid
               acts
               of
               Severity
               ;
               that
               having
               laid
               our
               more
               humane
               thoughts
               aside
               ,
               we
               may
               be
               at
               leasure
               to
               give
               ear
               to
               Rigour
               .
               For
               such
               inexorable
               Revenge
               ,
               such
               several
               sorts
               of
               Chastisement
               will
               come
               to
               be
               known
               ,
               as
               ▪
               though
               they
               may
               be
               accounted
               the
               fortresses
               of
               the
               Law
               ,
               yet
               should
               hardly
               be
               inserted
               into
               the
               number
               of
               peaceful
               Pages
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 M.
                 Manlius
              
               was
               thrown
               headlong
               from
               the
               place
               from
               whence
               he
               had
               repulsed
               the
               Gauls
               ▪
               Because
               he
               endeavour'd
               wickedly
               to
               have
               opprest
               that
               Liberty
               ,
               which
               he
               had
               so
               couragiously
               defended
               .
               Of
               which
               sharp
               Sentence
               ,
               this
               was
               the
               Preface
               ;
               
                 I
                 lookt
                 upon
                 thee
                 as
              
               Manlius
               ,
               
                 when
                 thou
                 dravest
                 the
              
               Senones
               
                 headlong
                 down
                 the
                 Rock
                 ;
                 when
                 thou
                 becamest
                 a
                 Changeling
                 ,
                 I
                 lookt
                 upon
                 thee
                 as
                 one
                 of
                 the
              
               Senones
               themselves
               .
               There
               is
               a
               Character
               of
               eternal
               Memory
               fix'd
               upon
               his
               punishment
               .
               For
               ,
               for
               his
               sake
               it
               was
               enacted
               ,
               that
               no
               Patrician
               should
               inhabit
               in
               the
               Capitol
               or
               in
               the
               Castle
               ,
               because
               he
               had
               a
               House
               ,
               where
               now
               stands
               the
               Chappel
               dedicated
               to
               
                 Iuno
                 Moneta
              
               .
               The
               same
               Indignation
               of
               the
               City
               brake
               forth
               against
               
                 Sp.
                 Cassius
              
               :
               to
               whom
               the
               suspicion
               of
               desiring
               Soveraignty
               did
               more
               harm
               ,
               than
               three
               magnificent
               Con●ulships
               and
               two
               pompous
               Triumphs
               did
               him
               good
               .
               For
               the
               Senate
               and
               People
               of
               Rome
               not
               contented
               with
               putting
               him
               to
               Death
               ,
               pull'd
               his
               House
               down
               over
               him
               when
               he
               was
               dead
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               be
               punish'd
               also
               with
               the
               destruction
               of
               his
               Houshold-Gods
               .
               Upon
               the
               Ground
               they
               built
               a
               Temple
               to
               Tellus
               .
               Thus
               the
               Habitation
               of
               a
               powerful
               
               man
               ,
               is
               now
               the
               Monument
               of
               Religious
               Sever●ty
               .
               The
               same
               end
               had
               
                 Sp.
                 Maelius
              
               by
               the
               Sentence
               of
               his
               Countrey
               ,
               for
               the
               same
               crime
               .
            
             
               So
               that
               we
               finde
               how
               great
               an
               antipathy
               the
               Antients
               had
               against
               the
               Enemies
               of
               their
               Liberty
               ,
               by
               the
               very
               Ruines
               and
               Walls
               of
               their
               Houses
               .
               And
               therefore
               the
               Houses
               of
               
                 M.
                 Flaccus
              
               and
               
                 L.
                 Saturnius
              
               ,
               most
               seditious
               Citizens
               ,
               were
               pull'd
               to
               the
               ground
               after
               they
               were
               slain
               .
               At
               length
               
               Flaccus's
               ground
               ,
               after
               it
               had
               long
               remain'd
               unbuilt
               ,
               was
               adorn'd
               by
               
                 Q.
                 Catulus
              
               with
               the
               Cimbrian
               spoils
               .
            
             
               Titus
               and
               
                 Caius
                 Gracchus
              
               were
               eminent
               in
               our
               City
               sor
               their
               Nobility
               ,
               and
               the
               hope
               which
               was
               conceived
               of
               them
               :
               But
               because
               they
               endeavour'd
               the
               subversion
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               their
               Bodies
               lay
               unburied
               ,
               and
               the
               last
               Offices
               due
               to
               Mortality
               were
               wanting
               to
               the
               Sons
               of
               Gracchus
               ,
               and
               ●he
               N●phews
               of
               Africanus
               .
               Their
               familiar
               acquaintance
               also
               ,
               lest
               there
               should
               be
               any
               Friends
               of
               the
               Commonwealths
               Enemies
               left
               ,
               were
               shut
               up
               in
               a
               hollow
               Oak
               ,
               and
               tumbled
               headlong
               to
               the
               bottom
               of
               that
               place
               in
               the
               Prison
               ,
               which
               was
               therefore
               call'd
               Robur
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               same
               thing
               did
               
                 P.
                 Mucius
              
               a
               Tribune
               of
               the
               People
               think
               lawful
               for
               him
               to
               do
               ,
               as
               the
               People
               and
               the
               Senate
               had
               done
               before
               ;
               who
               burnt
               all
               his
               Colleagues
               alive
               ;
               because
               ,
               being
               set
               on
               by
               
                 Sp.
                 Cassius
              
               ,
               they
               strove
               to
               hinder
               the
               Election
               of
               Magistrates
               ,
               to
               the
               publick
               hazard
               of
               the
               common
               Liberty
               .
               Never
               was
               any
               thing
               more
               confidently
               acted
               than
               this
               S●verity
               .
               For
               he
               ,
               a
               single
               Tribune
               ,
               durst
               inflict
               that
               punishment
               upon
               nine
               of
               his
               Colleagues
               ,
               which
               nine
               Tribunes
               durst
               not
               exact
               from
               one
               Tribune
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Severity
               hitherto
               ,
               a
               most
               rigid
               Guardian
               and
               Asser●or
               of
               Liberty
               ,
               was
               equally
               as
               truculent
               also
               in
               the
               preservation
               of
               Discipline
               and
               Dignity
               .
               For
               the
               Senate
               sent
               
                 M.
                 Clodius
              
               to
               the
               Corsi
               ,
               because
               he
               had
               
               concluded
               an
               ignominious
               Peace
               with
               them
               :
               And
               because
               they
               would
               not
               receive
               him
               ,
               caus'd
               him
               to
               be
               put
               to
               Death
               in
               Prison
               .
               When
               once
               the
               Majesty
               of
               the
               Empire
               was
               broken
               ,
               how
               many
               ways
               did
               obstinate
               Anger
               vindicate
               it
               !
               They
               nullified
               the
               Accord
               ,
               they
               deprived
               him
               of
               his
               Liberty
               and
               Life
               ,
               and
               dishonour'd
               his
               Carcass
               with
               the
               ignominious
               contumely
               of
               the
               Prison
               ,
               and
               the
               Gemonian
               Precipice
               .
               And
               indeed
               he
               had
               deserv'd
               this
               extraordinary
               chastisement
               of
               the
               Senate
               .
               But
               
                 Cn.
                 Cornelius
                 Scipio
              
               ,
               the
               son
               of
               Hispallus
               ,
               had
               the
               experience
               of
               it
               ,
               before
               he
               deserved
               it
               .
               For
               the
               Province
               of
               Spain
               falling
               to
               him
               by
               lot
               ,
               they
               made
               a
               Decree
               ,
               that
               he
               should
               not
               go
               thither
               ,
               with
               a
               reason
               added
               ,
               Because
               he
               could
               not
               behave
               himself
               as
               he
               ought
               to
               do
               .
               And
               therefore
               the
               Questor
               Cornelius
               had
               very
               like
               to
               have
               suffer'd
               upon
               the
               Law
               of
               Bribery
               ,
               for
               living
               in
               dishonour
               without
               any
               Provincial
               imployment
               .
               Neither
               was
               the
               Severity
               of
               the
               Senate
               less
               to
               
                 C.
                 Vettienus
              
               ,
               who
               cut
               off
               the
               Fingers
               of
               his
               left
               hand
               ,
               because
               he
               would
               not
               be
               forced
               to
               the
               Italian
               War.
               For
               they
               confiscated
               his
               estate
               ,
               and
               imprisoned
               him
               as
               long
               as
               he
               lived
               ;
               causing
               ●im
               to
               spend
               his
               days
               and
               waste
               that
               life
               ignominiously
               in
               a
               Jail
               ,
               which
               he
               refused
               nobly
               to
               venture
               in
               the
               Field
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               This
               Exemple
               Curius
               the
               Consul
               imitating
               ,
               who
               ●eing
               forced
               to
               proclaim
               a
               suddain
               listing
               of
               Souldi●rs
               ,
               ●hen
               none
               of
               the
               Youngmen
               appeared
               ,
               having
               caused
               ●ots
               to
               be
               made
               for
               all
               the
               Tribes
               ,
               he
               commanded
               the
               first
               Name
               that
               was
               drawn
               to
               be
               cited
               :
               And
               because
               he
               did
               not
               answer
               to
               his
               Name
               ,
               he
               made
               a
               publick
               Sale
               of
               the
               Youngmans
               goods
               .
               Which
               assoon
               as
               the
               Young-man
               had
               notice
               of
               ,
               he
               ran
               to
               the
               Consul's
               Tribunal
               ,
               and
               appeal'd
               to
               the
               Colledge
               of
               Tribunes
               :
               But
               there
               Curius
               making
               a
               Speech
               ,
               and
               declaring
               that
               the
               Common-wealth
               had
               no
               need
               of
               a
               Citizen
               that
               knew
               not
               how
               
               to
               obey
               ;
               and
               so
               sold
               both
               his
               Goods
               and
               the
               Young-man
               too
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               In
               the
               same
               manner
               did
               
                 L.
                 Domitius
              
               stand
               to
               his
               panpudding
               .
               For
               when
               he
               was
               Propraetor
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               there
               being
               a
               Boat
               of
               an
               extraordinary
               size
               presented
               to
               him
               ,
               he
               commanded
               the
               Shepherd
               that
               had
               killed
               him
               to
               be
               brought
               before
               him
               :
               and
               enquiring
               of
               him
               with
               what
               Weapon
               he
               had
               killed
               the
               beast
               ;
               when
               he
               found
               he
               had
               kill'd
               him
               with
               a
               Pike-s●aff
               ,
               he
               ca●sed
               him
               to
               be
               crucified
               :
               having
               publish'd
               a
               Proclamation
               before
               ,
               for
               suppressing
               the
               Robberies
               that
               were
               committed
               in
               the
               Island
               ,
               that
               no
               person
               should
               carry
               a
               Dart.
               Some
               would
               take
               this
               to
               be
               the
               height
               of
               all
               Severity
               ;
               for
               it
               may
               be
               disputed
               on
               both
               sides
               .
               But
               the
               reason
               and
               necessities
               of
               publick
               Government
               will
               not
               suffer
               the
               Pretor
               to
               be
               counted
               over-rigorous
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               Thus
               Severity
               exercis'd
               it self
               in
               the
               punishment
               of
               Men
               :
               Nor
               was
               it
               less
               sedulous
               in
               the
               chastisement
               of
               Women
               .
               Horatius
               ,
               one
               of
               that
               those
               that
               fought
               the
               three
               Curiatii
               ,
               by
               the
               conditions
               of
               the
               Combat
               Victor
               over
               all
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Albans
               ,
               when
               returning
               home
               from
               that
               renowned
               field
               ,
               he
               found
               his
               Sister
               ,
               a
               Virgin
               ,
               bewailing
               the
               death
               of
               one
               of
               the
               Curiatii
               ,
               to
               whom
               she
               was
               betroth'd
               ,
               more
               tenderly
               than
               became
               her
               age
               ,
               ran
               her
               through
               with
               the
               Sword
               with
               which
               he
               had
               so
               well
               merited
               of
               his
               Countrey
               :
               not
               thinking
               them
               chast
               Tears
               ,
               which
               were
               shed
               for
               a
               fond
               and
               immature
               Affection
               .
               For
               which
               fact
               being
               endited
               before
               the
               People
               ,
               his
               Father
               defended
               him
               .
               Thus
               the
               incl●nation
               of
               the
               Virgin
               toward
               the
               memory
               of
               her
               promis'd
               Husband
               ,
               was
               chastiz'd
               by
               a
               fierce
               Broth●r
               ,
               while
               the
               Father
               asserted
               and
               defended
               the
               Chastisement
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               The
               Senate
               afterwards
               following
               the
               same
               Example
               of
               Severity
               ,
               commanded
               
                 Sp.
                 Posthumius
                 Albi●u●
              
               and
               
                 Q.
                 Marcius
                 Philippus
              
               ,
               the
               Consuls
               ,
               to
               enquire
               
               after
               those
               Women
               who
               practis'd
               Incest
               at
               the
               Feast
               of
               Bacchanals
               :
               By
               whom
               when
               many
               were
               condemn'd
               ,
               their
               Kindred
               punish'd
               them
               all
               at
               home
               ;
               and
               the
               ignominy
               of
               publick
               shame
               ,
               was
               corrected
               by
               the
               severity
               of
               the
               chastisement
               :
               Whe●eby
               the
               more
               the
               Women
               had
               sham'd
               our
               City
               by
               their
               lewd
               carriage
               ,
               so
               much
               the
               more
               same
               they
               brought
               to
               it
               by
               the
               Severity
               of
               their
               Punishment
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               But
               Publicia
               who
               poyson'd
               
                 Posthumius
                 Albinu●
              
               the
               Consul
               ,
               and
               Licinia
               who
               poyson'd
               
                 Claudius
                 Asellus
              
               ,
               their
               Husbands
               ,
               were
               strangled
               by
               order
               of
               their
               next
               Relations
               .
               For
               those
               severe
               men
               did
               not
               think
               it
               necessary
               ,
               where
               the
               crime
               was
               so
               evident
               and
               notorious
               ,
               to
               spend
               time
               in
               a
               publick
               Tryal
               .
               And
               therefore
               as
               they
               would
               have
               defended
               the
               Innocent
               ,
               they
               were
               the
               early
               punishers
               of
               the
               Guilty
               .
            
             
               9.
               
               The
               Crime
               of
               these
               was
               great
               ,
               that
               excited
               Severity
               to
               so
               sharp
               a
               Revenge
               :
               but
               
                 Egnatius
                 Metellus
              
               exercised
               his
               Severity
               for
               a
               far
               more
               inconsiderable
               matter
               ,
               who
               beat
               his
               Wife
               to
               death
               for
               drinking
               Wine
               .
               For
               which
               ●act
               he
               was
               so
               far
               from
               being
               accus'd
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               not
               so
               much
               as
               reprehended
               :
               every
               one
               believing
               ,
               that
               for
               good
               examples
               sake
               ,
               she
               had
               undergone
               the
               punishment
               of
               violated
               Sobriety
               very
               justly
               .
               For
               indeed
               ,
               whatever
               woman
               covets
               the
               immoderate
               use
               of
               Wine
               ,
               shuts
               the
               door
               to
               all
               Virtues
               ,
               and
               opens
               it
               to
               all
               Vices
               .
            
             
               10.
               
               Terrible
               also
               was
               the
               Matrimonial
               frown
               of
               
                 C.
                 Sulpitius
                 Gallus
              
               ,
               who
               divorc'd
               his
               Wife
               ,
               because
               he
               understood
               that
               she
               went
               abroad
               with
               her
               head
               unvail'd
               .
               A
               rigid
               Sentence
               ;
               and
               yet
               there
               was
               some
               reason
               for
               it
               .
               For
               the
               Law
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               confines
               thee
               to
               have
               no
               other
               Judges
               of
               thy
               Beauty
               but
               my
               eyes
               ;
               for
               these
               adorn
               thy self
               ,
               be
               thou
               only
               fair
               to
               these
               ,
               and
               do
               thou
               believe
               their
               judgment
               :
               The
               farther
               sight
               of
               thee
               ,
               where
               it
               was
               needless
               ,
               must
               of
               necessity
               be
               suspicious
               and
               criminal
               .
            
             
             
               11.
               
               Nor
               did
               
                 Qu.
                 Antistius
                 Vetus
              
               think
               otherwise
               ,
               who
               divorc'd
               his
               Wife
               ,
               because
               he
               saw
               her
               talking
               in
               the
               street
               with
               a
               certain
               ordinary
               freed
               Woman
               :
               for
               being
               incens'd
               at
               the
               fault
               ,
               he
               prevented
               the
               crime
               ;
               and
               avoided
               the
               injury
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               not
               revenge
               it
               .
            
             
               12.
               
               To
               these
               we
               must
               adde
               
                 P.
                 Sempronius
                 Sophus
              
               ,
               who
               divorc'd
               his
               Wife
               ,
               because
               she
               went
               to
               see
               a
               Play
               without
               making
               him
               acquainted
               therewith
               .
               While
               this
               care
               was
               taken
               of
               old
               to
               prevent
               the
               Crimes
               of
               Women
               ,
               they
               were
               free
               from
               offending
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 But
                 though
                 the
                 Roman
                 Examples
                 might
                 suffice
                 to
                 instruct
                 the
                 whole
                 world
                 ,
                 yet
                 will
                 it
                 not
                 be
                 i●ksome
                 to
                 know
                 what
                 Forraigners
                 have
                 done
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedaemonians
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Books
                 of
                 Archilochus
                 to
                 be
                 thrown
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 City
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 thought
                 them
                 not
                 modest
                 and
                 chast
                 enough
                 to
                 be
                 read
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 have
                 the
                 minds
                 of
                 their
                 Children
                 season'd
                 with
                 those
                 things
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 greater
                 mischief
                 to
                 their
                 Manners
                 than
                 a
                 profit
                 to
                 their
                 Ingenuities
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 they
                 punish'd
                 the
                 greatest
                 Poet
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 greatest
                 in
                 the
                 world
                 ,
                 by
                 exiling
                 his
                 Verses
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 made
                 smutty
                 Satyrs
                 against
                 Lycambis
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 injur'd
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 But
                 the
                 Athenians
                 put
                 Timagoras
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Salutation
                 which
                 he
                 gave
                 Darius
                 ,
                 he
                 flatter'd
                 him
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Countrey
                 :
                 taking
                 it
                 in
                 indignation
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 honour
                 of
                 their
                 whole
                 City
                 should
                 be
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 submitted
                 to
                 the
                 Persian
                 Slavery
                 by
                 the
                 flatteries
                 of
                 one
                 single
                 Citizen
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 But
                 the
                 Severity
                 of
                 Cambyses
                 was
                 more
                 than
                 extraordinary
                 ,
                 who
                 cau●'d
                 the
                 Skin
                 of
                 a
                 certain
                 corrupt
                 Judge
                 to
                 be
                 flea'd
                 from
                 his
                 body
                 ,
                 and
                 nail'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Seat
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 commanded
                 his
                 Son
                 to
                 succeed
                 him
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               IV.
               Of
               things
               gravely
               said
               or
               done
               .
            
             
               
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 T.
                 Manlius
                 Torquatus
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 P.
                 Scipio
                 Aemilianus
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 C.
                 Popilius
                 Laenas
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 P.
                 Rutilius
                 Rusus
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 M.
                 Junius
                 Brutus
                 Proconsul
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORREIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Cinninienses
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Socrates
                 the
                 Athenian
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Alexander
                 
                   the
                   Great
                
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 The
                 Lacedaemonians
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Paedaretus
                 the
                 Spartan
                 .
              
            
             
               TEnacious
               Memory
               keeps
               in
               strict
               remembrance
               the
               great
               and
               most
               excellent
               part
               of
               applause
               which
               those
               things
               deserve
               among
               renowned
               men
               ,
               which
               were
               gravely
               said
               or
               done
               by
               them
               .
               Among
               the
               plentiful
               Examples
               whereof
               ,
               let
               us
               select
               ,
               neither
               with
               too
               sparing
               or
               too
               liberal
               a
               hand
               ,
               those
               which
               may
               rather
               satisfie
               than
               satiate
               expectation
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               When
               our
               City
               was
               in
               a
               st●ange
               confusion
               upon
               the
               Overthrow
               of
               Cannae
               ,
               when
               the
               Safety
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               hung
               with
               a
               slender
               thread
               upon
               the
               fidelity
               of
               our
               Allies
               ;
               That
               they
               might
               continue
               the
               more
               stedfast
               in
               the
               defence
               of
               the
               Roman
               Empire
               ,
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               the
               Senate
               moved
               ,
               that
               the
               Princes
               of
               the
               Latins
               might
               be
               admitted
               among
               them
               .
               As
               Annius
               formerly
               and
               the
               Campanians
               avert'd
               ,
               that
               one
               of
               the
               Consuls
               ought
               to
               belong
               to
               Capua
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               to
               Rome
               :
               so
               sick
               was
               then
               the
               condition
               of
               the
               Roman
               Empire
               .
               Then
               
                 Manlius
                 Torquatus
              
               ,
               of
               the
               race
               of
               him
               who
               had
               overthrown
               the
               Latins
               ,
               near
               the
               River
               
               Veseris
               in
               a
               memorable
               Battle
               ,
               with
               a
               loud
               voice
               declared
               ,
               
                 That
                 if
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Associates
                 durst
                 come
                 to
                 give
                 his
                 vote
                 among
                 the
                 Conscript
                 Fathers
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 kill
                 him
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 hand
                 .
              
               The
               threats
               of
               this
               one
               single
               person
               ,
               both
               restor'd
               the
               pristine
               heat
               to
               the
               languishing
               spirits
               of
               the
               Romans
               ,
               and
               hinder'd
               Italy
               from
               advancing
               themselves
               to
               equal
               Priviledges
               with
               our
               City
               .
               For
               as
               before
               they
               were
               broken
               by
               the
               Arms
               of
               the
               Roman
               People
               ,
               so
               now
               they
               gave
               over
               ,
               vanquish'd
               by
               this
               mans
               words
               .
            
             
               Equal
               to
               this
               was
               the
               Gravity
               of
               Manlius
               :
               For
               when
               the
               Consulship
               was
               conferr'd
               upon
               him
               by
               the
               consent
               of
               all
               men
               ,
               and
               that
               he
               refus'd
               it
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               Infirmity
               of
               his
               Eyes
               ,
               yet
               sor
               all
               that
               was
               vehemently
               urged
               to
               accept
               it
               ;
               Choose
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 some
                 other
                 person
                 upon
                 whom
                 to
                 confer
                 this
                 Honour
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 ye
                 compel
                 me
                 to
                 take
                 it
                 upon
                 me
                 ,
                 neither
                 shall
                 I
                 endure
                 your
                 Customes
                 ,
                 neither
                 will
                 you
                 endure
                 the
                 Severity
                 of
                 my
                 Government
                 .
              
               If
               the
               voice
               of
               a
               private
               person
               was
               so
               heavy
               ,
               what
               would
               the
               Fasces
               of
               the
               Consul
               have
               bin
               ?
            
             
               2.
               
               No
               less
               mean
               was
               the
               Gravity
               of
               
                 Scipio
                 Aemilianus
              
               ,
               both
               in
               the
               Court
               ,
               and
               in
               his
               Assembly-Speeches
               :
               Who
               ,
               when
               Mummius
               was
               his
               companion
               in
               the
               Censorship
               ,
               though
               noble
               ,
               yet
               effeminate
               and
               weak
               ,
               declar'd
               in
               a
               publick
               Speech
               before
               the
               Rostra
               ,
               that
               he
               would
               have
               acted
               for
               the
               Majesty
               of
               the
               Common-wealth
               ,
               whether
               his
               Citizens
               had
               given
               him
               a
               Companion
               or
               not
               .
            
             
               The
               same
               person
               ,
               when
               
                 Ser.
                 Sulpiciu●
                 Galba
              
               and
               
                 Aurelius
                 Cotta
              
               ,
               Consuls
               ,
               contended
               in
               the
               Senate
               whether
               of
               the
               two
               should
               be
               sent
               against
               Viriatus
               into
               Spain
               ,
               and
               that
               there
               hapned
               to
               be
               a
               great
               dissention
               among
               the
               Fathers
               ,
               while
               they
               all
               expected
               him
               to
               declare
               his
               opinion
               ;
               
                 I
                 think
                 it
                 not
                 fit
                 that
                 either
                 of
                 them
                 should
                 be
                 sent
                 ,
              
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 one
                 has
                 nothing
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 never
                 knows
                 when
                 he
                 has
                 enough
                 .
              
               
               Be●ieving
               ,
               that
               want
               and
               covetousness
               were
               Mistresses
               both
               alike
               unfit
               to
               teach
               good
               government
               .
               By
               which
               saying
               he
               obtain'd
               that
               neither
               were
               sent
               into
               the
               Province
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               But
               
                 C.
                 Popilius
              
               being
               sent
               Embassadour
               to
               Antiochus
               ,
               to
               command
               him
               to
               surcease
               the
               War
               which
               he
               wag'd
               against
               Ptolomy
               ;
               when
               he
               came
               to
               him
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               King
               with
               a
               chearful
               and
               friendly
               Countenance
               held
               him
               out
               his
               right
               Hand
               ,
               he
               would
               not
               give
               him
               his
               own
               again
               ,
               but
               deliver'd
               him
               the
               Senates
               Letters
               :
               which
               when
               Antiochus
               had
               read
               ,
               he
               told
               him
               ,
               he
               would
               consult
               his
               Friends
               .
               But
               Popilius
               incens'd
               at
               his
               delay
               ,
               
                 Before
                 thou
                 goest
                 out
                 of
                 this
                 circle
                 ,
              
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 give
                 me
                 the
                 answer
                 which
                 I
                 shall
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 .
              
               You
               would
               not
               have
               thought
               him
               an
               Embassadour
               that
               spoke
               ,
               but
               the
               whole
               body
               of
               the
               Senate
               :
               For
               immediately
               the
               King
               affirm'd
               ,
               that
               he
               would
               give
               no
               farther
               occasion
               for
               Ptolomie
               ,
               to
               complain
               .
               And
               then
               at
               length
               Popilius
               took
               him
               by
               the
               hand
               as
               an
               Associate
               .
               Behold
               the
               force
               of
               a
               concise
               and
               efficacious
               Gravity
               of
               Min●
               and
               Speech
               !
               At
               the
               same
               time
               it
               terrified
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               Syria
               ,
               and
               protected
               Egypt
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               But
               I
               cannot
               tell
               whether
               I
               should
               first
               consider
               the
               Words
               of
               Deeds
               of
               
                 P.
                 Rutilius
              
               ,
               for
               there
               lies
               an
               admirable
               stress
               in
               both
               .
               When
               he
               withstood
               the
               urgent
               request
               of
               a
               certain
               Friend
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               very
               much
               offended
               upraided
               him
               in
               these
               words
               ,
               What
               need
               have
               I
               then
               of
               thy
               friendship
               ,
               if
               thou
               wilt
               not
               do
               for
               me
               what
               I
               desire
               ?
               made
               this
               answer
               ,
               
                 What
                 need
                 I
                 of
                 thine
                 ,
                 if
                 for
                 thy
                 sake
                 I
                 should
                 do
                 any
                 unhandsome
                 action
                 ?
              
               To
               these
               words
               were
               agreeable
               those
               deeds
               ,
               when
               rather
               through
               the
               dissention
               of
               the
               two
               Orders
               ,
               than
               for
               any
               fault
               of
               his
               own
               ,
               he
               was
               arraign'd
               ,
               he
               neither
               put
               on
               forry
               Cloaths
               ▪
               nor
               laid
               aside
               the
               Senatorian
               Ornaments
               ,
               nor
               made
               any
               Supplication
               to
               the
               Judg●s
               ,
               nor
               spoke
               any
               thing
               unworthy
               the
               splendour
               
               of
               his
               past
               years
               :
               But
               so
               order'd
               it
               ,
               that
               his
               Tryal
               was
               rather
               an
               Experiment
               ,
               than
               any
               Impediment
               of
               his
               Gravity
               .
               And
               when
               
               Sylla's
               Victories
               gave
               him
               liberty
               to
               return
               into
               his
               own
               Countrey
               ,
               he
               rather
               chose
               to
               tarry
               in
               Banishment
               ,
               than
               to
               do
               any
               thing
               against
               the
               Laws
               .
               And
               therefore
               more
               justly
               might
               we
               have
               given
               the
               Title
               of
               Happy
               to
               the
               Manners
               of
               so
               grave
               a
               Man
               ,
               than
               to
               the
               prosperous
               Arms
               of
               the
               other
               more
               potent
               Conquerour
               .
               Which
               Sylla
               usurp'd
               ,
               but
               Rutilius
               deserv'd
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               
                 M.
                 Brutus
              
               ,
               the
               Murtherer
               of
               his
               own
               Virtues
               ,
               before
               he
               was
               the
               Parricide
               of
               the
               Parent
               of
               his
               Countrey
               (
               for
               by
               one
               foul
               deed
               he
               overthrew
               them
               all
               ,
               and
               defil'd
               his
               memory
               with
               an
               unexpiable
               detestation
               )
               as
               he
               was
               goingin
               to
               his
               last
               Battle
               ,
               to
               some
               that
               told
               him
               it
               was
               not
               convenient
               to
               fight
               :
               Boldly
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 I
                 go
                 into
                 the
                 Battle
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 day
                 either
                 all
                 things
                 will
                 be
                 well
                 ,
                 or
                 I
                 shall
                 have
                 nothing
                 to
                 care
                 for
                 .
              
               For
               he
               presum'd
               he
               could
               not
               live
               without
               Victory
               ,
               nor
               dye
               without
               Security
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 person
                 beforementioned
                 puts
                 me
                 in
                 mind
                 to
                 relate
                 what
                 was
                 said
                 to
                 
                   Decius
                   Brutus
                
                 in
                 Spain
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 all
                 Lusitania
                 had
                 surrendred
                 it self
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 only
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Cinninia
                 obstinately
                 held
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Consul
                 thought
                 to
                 have
                 bought
                 them
                 out
                 ,
                 they
                 presently
                 made
                 answer
                 to
                 his
                 Commissioners
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   their
                   Ancestors
                   had
                   only
                   left
                   them
                   their
                   Swords
                   to
                   defend
                   their
                   City
                   ,
                   but
                   no
                   Money
                   to
                   purchase
                   their
                   Liberty
                   from
                   a
                   covetous
                   General
                   .
                
                 A
                 Saying
                 more
                 noble
                 for
                 Romans
                 to
                 have
                 spoken
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 have
                 heard
                 from
                 others
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Nature
                 led
                 them
                 into
                 these
                 paths
                 of
                 Severity
                 .
                 But
                 Socrates
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 famous
                 Pillar
                 of
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Learning
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 to
                 plead
                 his
                 own
                 Cause
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 that
                 Lycias
                 had
                 repeated
                 to
                 him
                 an
                 Oration
                 compos'd
                 by
                 himself
                 ,
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 in
                 the
                 Court
                 of
                 Judicature
                 ,
                 humble
                 ,
                 suppliant
                 ,
                 and
                 accommodated
                 to
                 the
                 danger
                 that
                 threatned
                 him
                 ;
                 
                   Take
                   it
                   away
                
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   for
                   if
                   I
                   could
                   be
                   brought
                   where
                   I
                   might
                   repeat
                   it
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   farthermost
                   deserts
                   of
                
                 Scythia
                 ,
                 
                   there
                   I
                   should
                   think
                   I
                   deserved
                   death
                   .
                
                 He
                 contemn'd
                 Life
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 not
                 want
                 Gravity
                 ▪
                 choosiing
                 rather
                 to
                 dye
                 like
                 Socrates
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 live
                 like
                 Lysias
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 As
                 great
                 as
                 he
                 in
                 Wisdome
                 ,
                 Alexand●r
                 ,
                 as
                 great
                 in
                 War
                 ,
                 shewed
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 mind
                 .
                 For
                 Darius
                 having
                 tried
                 his
                 force
                 in
                 two
                 Battles
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 offering
                 him
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdome
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Daughter
                 in
                 Marriage
                 with
                 Ten
                 Hundred
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 ;
                 when
                 Parmenio
                 told
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 he
                 were
                 Alexander
                 he
                 would
                 accept
                 the
                 Condition
                 :
                 He
                 made
                 answer
                 ,
                 
                   And
                   so
                   would
                   I
                   ,
                   were
                   I
                
                 Parmenio
                 .
                 An
                 expression
                 worthy
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 Victories
                 ,
                 and
                 deserving
                 the
                 third
                 which
                 he
                 obtain'd
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 This
                 was
                 the
                 effect
                 of
                 a
                 magnanimous
                 Minde
                 in
                 Prosperity
                 ;
                 That
                 more
                 generous
                 ,
                 whereby
                 the
                 Lacedaemonian
                 Ambassadors
                 testified
                 to
                 his
                 Father
                 the
                 miserable
                 condition
                 of
                 their
                 fortune
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 he
                 impos'd
                 most
                 intolerable
                 Burthens
                 upon
                 their
                 City
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 him
                 answer
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   if
                   he
                   should
                   persist
                   to
                   command
                   them
                   things
                   more
                   grievous
                   than
                   Death
                   ,
                   they
                   would
                   prefer
                   Death
                   before
                   his
                   Commands
                   .
                
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 No
                 less
                 grave
                 was
                 the
                 Saying
                 of
                 that
                 Spartan
                 ,
                 who
                 excelling
                 both
                 in
                 Nobility
                 and
                 Sanctity
                 of
                 Mind
                 ,
                 being
                 put
                 by
                 the
                 Magis●racy
                 which
                 he
                 peti●ion'd
                 for
                 ;
                 
                   I
                   rejoyce
                   exceedingly
                
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   that
                   my
                   Countrey
                   produces
                   men
                   more
                   worthy
                   than
                   my self
                   .
                
                 By
                 which
                 Speech
                 he
                 equall'd
                 the
                 honour
                 he
                 was
                 put
                 by
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               V.
               Of
               Iustice.
               
            
             
               
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   The
                   People
                   of
                
                 Rome
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 
                   The
                   four
                   Tribunes
                   of
                   the
                   People
                   .
                
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Ti.
                 Gracchus
                 Censor
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   Colledge
                   of
                   Tribunes
                   of
                   the
                   People
                   .
                
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Cn.
                 Domitius
                 Ahenobarbus
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Licinius
                 Crassus
                 
                   the
                   Oratour
                
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Cor.
                 Sylla
                 Consuls
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Pittacus
                 of
                 Mitylene
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Aristides
                 the
                 Athenian
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Zeleucus
                 the
                 Locrian
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Charundas
                 the
                 Thurian
                 .
              
            
             
               'T
               Is
               now
               time
               to
               enter
               the
               sacred
               recesses
               of
               Justice
               ,
               where
               alwaies
               the
               respect
               of
               just
               and
               honest
               Actions
               is
               conversant
               with
               Religious
               Observation
               .
               Where
               Modesty
               is
               studied
               ,
               and
               Desire
               gives
               way
               to
               Reason
               ;
               there
               nothing
               is
               reputed
               profitable
               that
               is
               not
               honest
               .
               Of
               which
               our
               City
               among
               all
               Nations
               is
               the
               most
               certain
               and
               principal
               Example
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               When
               Camillus
               the
               Consul
               besieg'd
               the
               Falisci
               ,
               a
               School-master
               brought
               over
               to
               the
               Roman
               Camp
               several
               Youths
               ,
               and
               those
               the
               most
               noble
               in
               the
               City
               ,
               under
               pretence
               of
               taking
               them
               to
               walk
               abroad
               .
               Not
               questioning
               but
               they
               being
               in
               the
               power
               of
               the
               Romans
               ,
               that
               the
               Falisci
               would
               submit
               themselves
               to
               our
               General
               .
               Upon
               which
               affair
               ,
               after
               consultation
               ,
               the
               Senate
               decreed
               that
               the
               Youths
               should
               be
               sent
               home
               ,
               lashing
               their
               Master
               all
               the
               way
               ,
               while
               his
               hands
               were
               ●yed
               behind
               him
               .
               Which
               Justice
               of
               theirs
               overcame
               the
               
               Minds
               of
               those
               ,
               whose
               Walls
               they
               were
               not
               able
               to
               expugn
               .
               For
               the
               Falisci
               overcome
               by
               their
               Kindnesses
               ,
               not
               by
               their
               Arms
               ,
               open'd
               their
               Gates
               to
               the
               Romans
               .
               The
               same
               City
               oftentimes
               rebelling
               ,
               but
               alwaies
               broken
               by
               adverse
               Fortune
               ,
               was
               at
               length
               constrained
               to
               yield
               to
               
                 Q.
                 Lutatius
              
               the
               Consul
               .
               Against
               which
               when
               the
               Roman
               People
               desir'd
               to
               have
               shewn
               the
               extremity
               of
               their
               Revenge
               ,
               when
               they
               understood
               from
               Papyrius
               ,
               who
               by
               the
               Consuls
               command
               had
               writ
               the
               Articles
               of
               Surrender
               ,
               that
               the
               Falisci
               had
               surrender'd
               themselves
               to
               the
               Faith
               ,
               not
               to
               the
               Power
               of
               the
               Romans
               ,
               they
               laid
               aside
               all
               their
               Anger
               ,
               lest
               they
               should
               be
               wanting
               to
               their
               Justice
               ;
               suppressing
               the
               force
               of
               their
               Hatred
               ,
               which
               is
               not
               easily
               overcome
               ;
               and
               the
               pride
               of
               Victory
               ,
               which
               easily
               begets
               Licentiousness
               .
               Another
               time
               when
               
                 P.
                 Claudius
              
               having
               by
               his
               prosperous
               conduct
               taken
               the
               Camerini
               ,
               had
               sold
               them
               under
               the
               Spear
               according
               to
               custome
               ,
               though
               thereby
               they
               saw
               their
               Exchequer
               filled
               with
               Money
               ,
               and
               their
               Empire
               enlarged
               :
               yet
               because
               it
               did
               not
               seem
               to
               be
               done
               according
               to
               the
               Rules
               of
               Honour
               and
               Justice
               ,
               they
               sought
               them
               diligently
               out
               ,
               and
               redeemed
               them
               again
               ;
               assigning
               them
               a
               place
               of
               habitation
               in
               Aventinum
               ,
               and
               restoring
               them
               their
               Lands
               ▪
               They
               gave
               them
               Money
               also
               to
               build
               Chappels
               and
               purchase
               Sacrifices
               ;
               and
               by
               their
               Justice
               gave
               the
               miserable
               an
               occasion
               to
               rejoyce
               in
               their
               destruction
               ,
               being
               so
               rais'd
               again
               .
            
             
               What
               I
               have
               related
               was
               confin'd
               within
               our
               own
               Walls
               and
               the
               neighbouring
               parts
               ;
               what
               I
               now
               relate
               has
               flown
               over
               all
               the
               world
               .
               Timochares
               the
               A●bracian
               promis'd
               Fabritius
               the
               Consul
               ,
               that
               he
               would
               poyson
               Pyrrbus
               by
               the
               assistance
               of
               his
               Son
               ,
               who
               was
               his
               Cupbearer
               .
               Notice
               whereof
               being
               given
               to
               the
               Senate
               ,
               they
               sent
               Embassadors
               to
               give
               Pyrrbus
               intelligence
               of
               it
               ,
               admonishing
               him
               to
               be
               careful
               again●●
               
               such
               kind
               of
               treachery
               .
               Remembring
               that
               their
               City
               was
               built
               by
               the
               Son
               of
               Mars
               ,
               and
               that
               War
               was
               to
               be
               carried
               on
               by
               Arms
               ,
               and
               not
               by
               Poyson
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Admirable
               was
               the
               Justice
               of
               the
               four
               Tribunes
               of
               the
               People
               at
               the
               same
               time
               .
               For
               when
               
                 L.
                 Hortensius
              
               their
               Colleague
               had
               cited
               
                 C.
                 Atratinus
              
               (
               under
               whose
               comand
               they
               had
               rallyed
               the
               Roman
               Army
               ,
               and
               restor'd
               the
               Battle
               against
               the
               Volsci
               at
               the
               Lake
               Verrugo
               )
               to
               appear
               before
               the
               People
               ;
               they
               swore
               ,
               that
               it
               would
               be
               a
               shame
               to
               them
               ,
               if
               their
               General
               should
               be
               guilty
               .
               For
               those
               noble
               Gentlemen
               would
               not
               endure
               to
               behold
               him
               as
               a
               Gown-man
               under
               the
               last
               extremity
               ,
               whose
               Life
               ,
               when
               in
               Arms
               ,
               they
               had
               defended
               with
               their
               own
               Wounds
               and
               Blood.
               Which
               Justice
               of
               theirs
               so
               moved
               the
               Ass●mbly
               ,
               that
               they
               caus'd
               Hortensius
               to
               desist
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Nor
               did
               they
               shew
               themselves
               less
               noble
               in
               that
               which
               follows
               .
               When
               
                 Titus
                 Graccbus
              
               and
               
                 C.
                 Claudius
              
               had
               exasperated
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               by
               carrying
               themselves
               so
               severely
               in
               the
               Censorship
               ,
               Rutilius
               the
               Tribune
               accus'd
               them
               before
               the
               People
               of
               High-Treason
               ;
               moved
               not
               only
               by
               the
               publick
               consternation
               ,
               but
               his
               own
               private
               interest
               ,
               because
               they
               had
               order'd
               a
               part
               of
               his
               wall
               to
               be
               pulled
               down
               for
               the
               benefit
               of
               some
               Publick-place
               .
               In
               which
               Judicature
               ,
               while
               many
               Centuries
               of
               the
               first
               Classis
               openly
               condemn'd
               Claudius
               ,
               but
               all
               consented
               to
               quit
               
                 Graccbus
                 ;
                 Graccbus
              
               cried
               out
               aloud
               ,
               
                 That
                 if
                 his
                 Colleague
                 suffered
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 undergo
                 the
                 same
                 punishment
                 as
                 he
                 did
                 .
              
               Which
               Justice
               of
               his
               diverted
               the
               storm
               from
               both
               their
               heads
               and
               fortunes
               .
               For
               the
               People
               absolved
               Claudius
               ,
               and
               Rutilius
               releas'd
               his
               Action
               against
               Gracc●us
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               The
               Colledge
               of
               Tribunes
               also
               got
               great
               applause
               :
               for
               when
               one
               of
               them
               ,
               
                 L.
                 Cotta
              
               by
               name
               ,
               under
               the
               protection
               of
               his
               sacred
               Authority
               ,
               denyed
               to
               
               pay
               his
               Creditors
               ,
               they
               decreed
               ,
               that
               if
               he
               would
               neither
               pay
               his
               Debts
               nor
               give
               Security
               ,
               they
               would
               assist
               the
               Creditors
               in
               their
               Appeal
               :
               thinking
               it
               unjust
               ,
               that
               the
               publick
               Majesty
               should
               be
               a
               protection
               to
               private
               Knavery
               ,
               Thus
               the
               Tribunitial
               Justice
               drew
               out
               Cotta
               lurking
               in
               the
               Sanctuary
               of
               his
               employment
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Of
               which
               to
               come
               to
               another
               Example
               ,
               
                 Cn.
                 Domitius
              
               Tribune
               of
               the
               People
               cited
               
                 Marc.
                 Scaurus
              
               before
               the
               People
               ,
               being
               then
               Prince
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               to
               ruine
               him
               ,
               if
               fortune
               had
               favour'd
               him
               ;
               or
               at
               least
               to
               eclipse
               his
               renown
               by
               a
               Criminal
               Accusation
               .
               While
               he
               was
               thus
               eagerly
               thirsting
               after
               the
               blood
               of
               Scaurus
               ,
               a
               Servant
               of
               Scaurus
               came
               to
               him
               by
               night
               ,
               and
               promis'd
               him
               to
               discover
               many
               great
               and
               hainous
               Crimes
               ,
               to
               advance
               his
               Accusation
               .
               As
               a
               Master
               and
               an
               Enemy
               he
               consider'd
               and
               weigh'd
               in
               his
               mind
               the
               Impeachment
               with
               different
               thoughts
               ,
               Justice
               overcame
               his
               Hatred
               :
               For
               immediately
               shutting
               his
               own
               ears
               ,
               and
               the
               Impeachers
               mouth
               ,
               he
               caus'd
               him
               to
               be
               carried
               to
               Scaurus
               .
               An
               Accuser
               ,
               I
               will
               not
               say
               ,
               to
               be
               belov'd
               ,
               but
               rather
               to
               be
               applauded
               by
               the
               person
               accus'd
               ;
               whom
               the
               People
               ,
               as
               well
               for
               his
               other
               Vertues
               ,
               as
               also
               for
               this
               reason
               ,
               created
               Consul
               ,
               Censor
               ,
               and
               High-Priest
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               Nor
               did
               
                 L.
                 Crassus
              
               behave
               himself
               otherwise
               as
               to
               the
               same
               Example
               of
               Justice
               .
               He
               had
               alwaies
               born
               a
               most
               perfect
               hatred
               against
               the
               Name
               of
               Carbo
               ,
               as
               his
               profest
               Enemy
               ;
               and
               yet
               when
               a
               Servant
               of
               
               Carbo's
               brought
               him
               a
               Cabinet
               of
               his
               Masters
               ,
               conteining
               several
               Writings
               ,
               which
               he
               might
               have
               made
               use
               of
               to
               his
               ruine
               ,
               he
               sent
               the
               Cabinet
               ,
               lockt
               as
               it
               was
               ,
               and
               his
               Servant
               bound
               ,
               to
               his
               Master
               .
               What
               Justice
               may
               we
               conjecture
               then
               flourished
               among
               Friends
               ,
               when
               Enemies
               and
               Impeachers
               one
               of
               another
               so
               nobly
               behav'd
               themselves
               !
            
             
               7.
               
               Sylla
               desired
               not
               so
               much
               his
               own
               safety
               ,
               as
               the
               
               ruine
               of
               
                 Sulpitius
                 Rufus
              
               ,
               whose
               Tribunitial
               rage
               continually
               vex'd
               him
               .
               But
               when
               he
               was
               banish'd
               ,
               and
               that
               he
               understood
               that
               he
               was
               betray'd
               by
               his
               own
               Servant
               ,
               where
               he
               lay
               skulking
               ;
               that
               the
               Fidelity
               and
               Justice
               of
               his
               Decree
               might
               be
               permanent
               ,
               he
               caus'd
               the
               Freed-man
               for
               his
               perfidiousness
               to
               be
               thrown
               down
               the
               Tarpeian
               Rock
               ,
               together
               with
               his
               freed-mans
               Cap
               ,
               which
               he
               had
               purchased
               by
               his
               Treachery
               .
               A
               most
               insolent
               Victor
               at
               other
               time●
               ,
               now
               most
               just
               in
               his
               Authority
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 But
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 not
                 seem
                 to
                 forget
                 the
                 Justice
                 of
                 Forreigners
                 ,
                 Pittacus
                 of
                 Mitylene
                 was
                 one
                 to
                 whose
                 merits
                 his
                 Citizens
                 were
                 either
                 so
                 much
                 engaged
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 had
                 so
                 much
                 confidence
                 in
                 his
                 Vertues
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 offer'd
                 him
                 the
                 Soveraign
                 Authority
                 of
                 their
                 City
                 ;
                 which
                 he
                 so
                 long
                 kept
                 as
                 the
                 War
                 continued
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 about
                 the
                 Sygaeum
                 ,
                 or
                 possession
                 of
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 ground
                 so
                 called
                 .
                 But
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 by
                 a
                 Victory
                 setled
                 Peace
                 ,
                 he
                 presently
                 resign'd
                 his
                 Authority
                 against
                 the
                 will
                 of
                 the
                 Mitylenians
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 not
                 be
                 the
                 Lord
                 of
                 his
                 City
                 any
                 longer
                 than
                 the
                 necessity
                 of
                 affairs
                 requir'd
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 by
                 the
                 consent
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 People
                 the
                 half
                 of
                 the
                 Land
                 was
                 offered
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 utterly
                 refus'd
                 the
                 Gift
                 ;
                 esteeming
                 it
                 below
                 himself
                 ,
                 to
                 lessen
                 the
                 glory
                 of
                 his
                 Vertue
                 by
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 his
                 Prey
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 I
                 must
                 now
                 relate
                 the
                 Prudence
                 of
                 another
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 may
                 also
                 relate
                 the
                 Justice
                 of
                 another
                 .
                 When
                 Themistocles
                 had
                 given
                 the
                 Athenians
                 wholesom
                 advice
                 to
                 betake
                 themselves
                 to
                 their
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 that
                 Xerxes
                 and
                 his
                 Army
                 were
                 driven
                 out
                 of
                 Greece
                 went
                 about
                 to
                 restore
                 the
                 antient
                 dignity
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 up
                 Treasure
                 secretly
                 to
                 raise
                 his
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 Dominion
                 over
                 all
                 Greece
                 ;
                 he
                 told
                 the
                 People
                 in
                 publick
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 found
                 out
                 something
                 ,
                 which
                 if
                 fortun●
                 would
                 suffer
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 there
                 could
                 nothing
                 happen
                 greater
                 or
                 more
                 for
                 the
                 honour
                 of
                 the
                 Athenian
                 People
                 ▪
                 but
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 a
                 thing
                 to
                 be
                 divulged
                 :
                 and
                 therefore
                 desired
                 them
                 to
                 appoint
                 some
                 person
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 he
                 might
                 privately
                 reveal
                 it
                 .
                 Aristides
                 was
                 deputed
                 .
                 Who
                 when
                 he
                 understood
                 th●●
                 Themistocles
                 intended
                 to
                 have
                 burnt
                 all
                 the
                 Lacedaemonian
                 Navy
                 that
                 lay
                 in
                 the
                 Road
                 of
                 Gytheum
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 being
                 destroyed
                 ,
                 the
                 Dominion
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 might
                 belong
                 to
                 them
                 ;
                 return'd
                 to
                 his
                 fellow
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 told
                 them
                 ,
                 That
                 Themistocles
                 
                   was
                   hammering
                   that
                   which
                   was
                   very
                   profitable
                   ,
                   but
                   very
                   unjust
                   .
                
                 Presently
                 the
                 whole
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 heard
                 it
                 was
                 unjust
                 ,
                 bid
                 him
                 say
                 no
                 more
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 Themistocles
                 to
                 desist
                 from
                 his
                 Enterprize
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Nothing
                 more
                 prevalent
                 than
                 the
                 following
                 Examples
                 of
                 Justice
                 :
                 Zaleucus
                 the
                 Locrian
                 having
                 strengthend
                 his
                 City
                 with
                 most
                 profitable
                 and
                 wholesome
                 Laws
                 ;
                 when
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 condemn'd
                 for
                 Adultery
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Law
                 made
                 by
                 himself
                 ,
                 was
                 to
                 have
                 lost
                 both
                 his
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 City
                 interceded
                 for
                 the
                 Son
                 ,
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 he
                 obstinately
                 refus'd
                 it
                 ▪
                 but
                 at
                 length
                 ,
                 constrain'd
                 by
                 the
                 intreaty
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 first
                 putting
                 out
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Eyes
                 and
                 then
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Sons
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 fight
                 to
                 both
                 .
                 Thus
                 he
                 rendered
                 to
                 the
                 Law
                 the
                 punishment
                 which
                 it
                 claimed
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 most
                 admirable
                 mixture
                 of
                 Justice
                 ;
                 dividing
                 himself
                 into
                 a
                 merciful
                 Father
                 and
                 a
                 just
                 Legislator
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 But
                 something
                 more
                 severe
                 was
                 the
                 Justice
                 of
                 Charundas
                 the
                 Thurian
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 pacified
                 the
                 Harangues
                 of
                 his
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 that
                 were
                 seditious
                 even
                 to
                 blood
                 and
                 violence
                 ,
                 making
                 a
                 Law
                 that
                 if
                 any
                 person
                 entred
                 the
                 Common-hall
                 with
                 his
                 Sword
                 on
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 presently
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 .
                 Some
                 time
                 after
                 ,
                 having
                 been
                 in
                 the
                 Countrey
                 and
                 coming
                 home
                 ,
                 he
                 presently
                 call'd
                 
                 a
                 Hall
                 ,
                 and
                 forgetting
                 himself
                 enter'd
                 the
                 Hall
                 with
                 his
                 Sword
                 on
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 being
                 minded
                 of
                 the
                 breach
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Law
                 ,
                 by
                 one
                 that
                 stood
                 next
                 him
                 ;
                 Well
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   same
                   person
                   shall
                   establish
                   it
                
                 ;
                 and
                 immediately
                 drawing
                 his
                 Sword
                 ,
                 fell
                 upon
                 it
                 and
                 died
                 ,
                 When
                 it
                 was
                 lawful
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 have
                 defended
                 or
                 excused
                 his
                 errour
                 ,
                 he
                 rather
                 chose
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 punishment
                 publick
                 ,
                 than
                 put
                 a
                 slur
                 upon
                 Justice
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               VI.
               Of
               Publick
               Faith.
               
            
             
               
                 Among
                 the
                 Romans
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Roman
                 Senate
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 L.
                 Manlius
                 ,
                 M.
                 At●ilius
                 Cos.
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 Roman
                 Senate
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Elder
                
                 Africanus
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 The
                 Roman
                 Senate
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Saguntines
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 Petellines
                 .
              
            
             
               WHen
               this
               Image
               is
               set
               before
               our
               eyes
               ,
               the
               venerable
               Divinity
               of
               Truth
               stretches
               out
               her
               right
               hand
               ,
               the
               most
               certain
               pledg
               of
               human
               Safety
               .
               Which
               how
               it
               has
               flourished
               in
               our
               City
               ,
               all
               Nations
               have
               been
               sensible
               of
               ,
               and
               we
               shall
               make
               evident
               in
               a
               few
               Examples
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               When
               Ptolomey
               the
               King
               had
               left
               the
               People
               of
               Rome
               to
               take
               the
               tuition
               of
               his
               Son
               upon
               them
               ,
               the
               Senate
               appointed
               
                 M.
                 Aemilius
                 Lepidus
              
               ,
               the
               High-Priest
               ,
               to
               be
               Guardian
               to
               the
               young
               Infant
               ,
               and
               sent
               him
               to
               Alexandria
               for
               that
               purpose
               ;
               making
               use
               of
               the
               s●●ctity
               of
               a
               famous
               and
               most
               upright
               person
               ,
               whose
               publick
               Abilities
               had
               been
               sufficiently
               known
               among
               them
               ,
               lest
               
               the
               credit
               and
               dignity
               of
               the
               City
               should
               have
               been
               any
               way
               injur'd
               .
               This
               became
               not
               only
               the
               preservation
               ,
               but
               the
               ornament
               of
               the
               Royal
               Infancy
               ,
               so
               that
               when
               he
               came
               of
               age
               ,
               he
               knew
               not
               of
               which
               he
               had
               most
               to
               boast
               ,
               whether
               in
               the
               Fortune
               of
               his
               Father
               ,
               or
               the
               Majesty
               of
               his
               Tator
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Famous
               also
               was
               the
               succeed●ng
               piece
               of
               Roman
               Integrity
               .
               A
               great
               Navy
               of
               the
               Carthaginians
               being
               overthrown
               near
               the
               Coast
               of
               Sicilia
               ,
               the
               Captains
               of
               the
               Enemies
               ,
               quite
               out
               of
               heart
               ,
               began
               to
               think
               of
               making
               some
               overtures
               of
               Peace
               .
               But
               when
               it
               was
               argued
               who
               should
               go
               ,
               Amilcar
               refus'd
               ,
               for
               fear
               lest
               the
               Romans
               should
               serve
               him
               as
               the
               Carthaginians
               had
               served
               
                 Cor.
                 Asina
              
               the
               Consul
               ,
               whom
               they
               had
               detain●d
               a
               Prisoner
               in
               Chains
               .
               But
               Hanno
               ,
               better
               understanding
               the
               Roman
               Faith
               ,
               very
               confidently
               profer'd
               himself
               .
               To
               whom
               as
               he
               was
               in
               treaty
               ,
               when
               a
               Tribune
               of
               the
               People
               spoke
               ,
               and
               bid
               him
               take
               heed
               he
               had
               not
               the
               same
               usage
               as
               the
               Consul
               Cornelius
               had
               had
               ;
               both
               the
               Consuls
               commanding
               the
               Tribune
               to
               be
               silent
               :
               Hanno
               ,
               cryed
               they
               ,
               
                 from
                 that
                 fear
                 the
                 reputation
                 of
                 our
                 City
                 frees
                 thee
                 .
              
               It
               had
               made
               them
               famous
               ,
               that
               they
               could
               be
               Masters
               of
               so
               great
               a
               Captain
               of
               their
               Enemies
               ;
               but
               much
               more
               famous
               ,
               that
               they
               would
               not
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               The
               same
               reputation
               the
               Conscript
               Fathers
               observ'd
               in
               defending
               the
               Priviledges
               of
               Embassadors
               .
               For
               when
               
                 M.
                 Aemilius
                 Lepidus
              
               and
               
                 C.
                 Flaminius
              
               were
               Consuls
               ,
               Culeo
               the
               Praetor
               by
               an
               order
               of
               the
               Senate
               caus'd
               
                 L.
                 Minutius
              
               ▪
               and
               
                 L.
                 Manlius
              
               to
               be
               deliver'd
               to
               the
               Carthaginian
               Embassadors
               by
               the
               Heralds
               themselves
               ,
               because
               they
               had
               laid
               violent
               hands
               upon
               them
               .
               The
               Senate
               regarding
               more
               their
               own
               Honour
               ,
               than
               the
               persons
               for
               whose
               sake
               they
               did
               the
               Justice
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               These
               Examples
               the
               Elder
               Africanus
               following
               ,
               when
               he
               had
               taken
               a
               Vessel
               wherein
               were
               several
               persons
               ,
               and
               many
               of
               the
               chiefest
               among
               the
               Carthaginian
               
               Nobility
               ,
               yet
               he
               dismiss'd
               them
               all
               untoucht
               ,
               because
               they
               told
               him
               ,
               they
               were
               sent
               as
               Embassadors
               to
               him
               ▪
               though
               he
               knew
               it
               to
               be
               an
               excuse
               of
               their
               own
               framing
               ,
               to
               avoid
               the
               present
               danger
               ;
               that
               the
               Fa●th
               of
               the
               Roman
               General
               might
               rather
               seem
               to
               be
               deceiv'd
               ,
               than
               implor'd
               in
               vain
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Let
               us
               not
               forget
               that
               noble
               Act
               of
               the
               Senate
               ,
               by
               no
               means
               to
               be
               omitted
               .
               
                 Q.
                 Fabius
              
               and
               
                 Cn.
                 Apronius
              
               Aed●les
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               a
               Tumult
               that
               happen'd
               ,
               had
               sent
               away
               the
               Embassadours
               that
               came
               from
               Apollonia
               to
               Rome
               .
               Which
               so
               soon
               as
               the
               Senate
               understood
               ,
               they
               caus'd
               them
               to
               be
               deliver'd
               up
               to
               the
               Embassadours
               by
               the
               hands
               of
               the
               Heralds
               ,
               and
               sent
               a
               Questor
               to
               convoy
               them
               to
               Brundusium
               ,
               lest
               they
               should
               receive
               any
               injury
               in
               their
               passage
               .
               Could
               such
               a
               Court
               as
               that
               be
               said
               to
               be
               a
               Council
               of
               mortal
               Men
               ,
               and
               not
               rather
               the
               Temple
               of
               Faith
               ?
               Which
               was
               no
               less
               admir'd
               by
               our
               Allies
               ,
               than
               it
               was
               religiously
               observ'd
               in
               our
               City
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 For
                 before
                 the
                 miserable
                 slaughter
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 
                 Scipio's
                 in
                 Spain
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 destruction
                 of
                 as
                 many
                 Armies
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Nation
                 ,
                 the
                 Saguntines
                 being
                 restrain'd
                 within
                 their
                 own
                 Walls
                 by
                 the
                 victorious
                 Arms
                 of
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 could
                 no
                 longer
                 resist
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 power
                 ,
                 they
                 brought
                 forth
                 all
                 their
                 most
                 precious
                 things
                 into
                 the
                 Market-place
                 ,
                 and
                 kindling
                 the
                 Pile
                 ,
                 threw
                 themselves
                 into
                 the
                 common
                 and
                 publick
                 fire
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 not
                 be
                 accompted
                 false
                 to
                 our
                 Alliance
                 .
                 I
                 cannot
                 but
                 believe
                 ,
                 that
                 Faith
                 her self
                 ,
                 surveying
                 humane
                 affairs
                 ,
                 lookt
                 with
                 a
                 sorrowful
                 countenance
                 ,
                 beholding
                 such
                 a
                 religious
                 observance
                 of
                 her
                 Laws
                 condemn'd
                 by
                 such
                 a
                 fatal
                 Event
                 to
                 the
                 Arbitration
                 of
                 unjust
                 Fortune
                 .
              
               
               
                 2.
                 
                 By
                 an
                 act
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 nature
                 ,
                 the
                 Petellines
                 obtain'd
                 the
                 same
                 applause
                 .
                 Who
                 being
                 besieg'd
                 by
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 forsake
                 our
                 Alliance
                 ,
                 sent
                 Ambassadours
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 imploring
                 relief
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 their
                 losses
                 at
                 Cannae
                 ,
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 succour
                 them
                 ,
                 gave
                 them
                 liberty
                 to
                 provide
                 the
                 best
                 they
                 could
                 for
                 their
                 own
                 safety
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 free
                 to
                 accept
                 of
                 Conditions
                 from
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 they
                 ,
                 turning
                 their
                 Women
                 ,
                 aged
                 and
                 infirm
                 people
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 obstinately
                 defended
                 their
                 Walls
                 to
                 the
                 last
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 their
                 whole
                 City
                 expir'd
                 ,
                 before
                 they
                 would
                 lay
                 aside
                 their
                 respect
                 to
                 the
                 Roman
                 Alliance
                 .
                 Nor
                 did
                 Hannibal
                 take
                 Petellia
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 sepulchre
                 of
                 the
                 Petellian
                 Faith.
                 
              
            
          
           
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VII
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 truth
                 of
                 Wives
                 to
                 their
                 Husbands
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Aemilia
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   Wife
                   of
                   the
                   Elder
                
                 Scipio
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Thuria
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   Wife
                   of
                
                 Q.
                 Lucretius
                 Vespillo
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Sulpitia
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   Wife
                   of
                
                 Lentulus
                 .
              
            
             
               1.
               
               THat
               we
               may
               not
               omit
               the
               Truth
               of
               Women
               in
               Matrimony
               ,
               Aemilia
               the
               Wife
               of
               the
               Elder
               Africanus
               ,
               the
               Mother
               of
               Cornelia
               ,
               Mother
               of
               the
               Gracchi
               ,
               was
               so
               dutiful
               and
               patient
               ,
               that
               though
               she
               knew
               her
               Husband
               had
               a
               kindness
               for
               one
               of
               her
               Maids
               ,
               she
               took
               no
               notice
               of
               it
               ;
               because
               she
               would
               not
               blemish
               the
               Conquerour
               of
               Africa
               with
               the
               guilt
               of
               Unchasti●y
               .
               And
               so
               far
               she
               was
               from
               revenge
               ,
               that
               after
               her
               Husbands
               death
               ,
               she
               set
               her
               Maid
               free
               ,
               and
               gave
               her
               in
               marriage
               to
               a
               Freed
               man
               of
               his
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               When
               
                 Q.
                 Lucretius
              
               was
               banished
               by
               the
               Triumvirs
               ,
               
               Thuria
               his
               Wife
               k●pt
               him
               out
               of
               harms
               way
               ,
               between
               the
               head
               of
               the
               Bed
               and
               the
               cieling
               of
               the
               Chamber
               ,
               not
               without
               great
               danger
               to
               her self
               .
               And
               so
               true
               she
               was
               to
               him
               ,
               that
               while
               others
               th●t
               were
               banish'd
               ,
               as
               he
               was
               ,
               wander'd
               in
               pinching
               extremity
               ,
               in
               remote
               Countries
               among
               Enemies
               ,
               he
               all
               the
               while
               lay
               safe
               in
               the
               bosome
               of
               his
               Wife
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Sulpitia
               being
               kept
               up
               very
               strictly
               by
               her
               Mother
               Iulia
               ,
               for
               fear
               she
               should
               follow
               her
               Husband
               
                 Lentulus
                 Crustellio
              
               ,
               banish'd
               by
               the
               Triumvirs
               into
               Sicily
               ;
               nevertheless
               made
               her
               escape
               in
               a
               disguise
               ,
               and
               with
               only
               two
               Maid-servants
               and
               two
               Men-servants
               got
               safe
               to
               him
               .
               Banishing
               her
               se●f
               ,
               that
               sh●
               might
               not
               fail
               in
               her
               duty
               toward
               her
               Husband
               .
            
          
           
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VIII
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Fidelity
                 of
                 Servants
                 to
                 their
                 Masters
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Servant
                   of
                
                 M.
                 Antonius
                 
                   the
                   Oratour
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Servant
                   of
                
                 C.
                 Marius
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Philocrates
                 
                   the
                   Servant
                   of
                
                 C.
                 Gracchus
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Pindarus
                 
                   the
                   Servant
                   of
                
                 C.
                 Cassius
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Family
                   of
                
                 Plotius
                 Plancus
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Servant
                   of
                
                 Urbinius
                 Anapio
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Servant
                   of
                
                 Antius
                 Restio
                 .
              
            
             
               IT
               remains
               that
               we
               relate
               the
               Fidelity
               of
               Servants
               to
               their
               Masters
               ;
               so
               much
               the
               more
               praise-worthy
               by
               how
               much
               it
               was
               least
               expected
               from
               them
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 Marcus
                 Antonius
              
               ,
               a
               most
               celebrated
               Oratour
               in
               the
               days
               of
               our
               Ancestors
               ,
               was
               accus'd
               of
               Ince●t
               ;
               whose
               Accusers
               were
               obstinately
               importunate
               with
               the
               Judges
               that
               his
               Servant
               might
               be
               examin'd
               for
               a
               witness
               ;
               
               because
               they
               pretended
               that
               he
               carried
               the
               Lanthorn
               before
               him
               ,
               when
               he
               went
               to
               commit
               the
               Fact.
               He
               was
               at
               that
               time
               a
               beardless
               Youth
               ,
               and
               saw
               himself
               ready
               to
               be
               sent
               to
               the
               Rack
               ,
               yet
               never
               budg'd
               for
               it
               .
               But
               when
               he
               came
               home
               ,
               and
               saw
               Antonius
               very
               much
               troubled
               about
               the
               business
               ,
               he
               earnes●ly
               begg'd
               of
               his
               Master
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               be
               put
               to
               the
               Rack
               ;
               affirming
               ,
               that
               they
               should
               not
               force
               a
               tittle
               out
               of
               his
               mouth
               to
               do
               him
               a
               prejudice
               .
               And
               with
               a
               wonderful
               patience
               he
               performed
               his
               promise
               :
               For
               being
               lash'd
               with
               many
               stripes
               ,
               set
               upon
               the
               Wooden-horse
               ,
               and
               fear'd
               with
               burning
               plates
               of
               Iron
               ,
               he
               overthrew
               the
               whole
               force
               of
               his
               Masters
               accusation
               ,
               by
               standing
               firm
               to
               his
               preservation
               .
               Fortune
               might
               be
               deservedly
               blam'd
               ,
               for
               having
               imprison'd
               so
               pious
               and
               stout
               a
               Soul
               in
               the
               Body
               of
               a
               Slave
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               But
               the
               Consul
               
                 C.
                 Marius
              
               ,
               whose
               ill
               success
               was
               miserable
               at
               the
               Siege
               of
               Praeneste
               ,
               seeing
               it
               in
               vain
               to
               escape
               through
               a
               little
               Myne
               under
               ground
               ,
               and
               slightly
               wounded
               by
               Thelesinus
               ,
               with
               whom
               he
               had
               designed
               to
               live
               ,
               was
               run
               through
               and
               slain
               by
               his
               Servant
               ,
               to
               free
               him
               from
               the
               cruelty
               of
               Sylla
               ;
               though
               he
               had
               large
               promises
               made
               him
               ,
               to
               deliver
               him
               up
               to
               the
               Victor
               .
               The
               seasonable
               assistance
               of
               whose
               right
               hand
               ,
               no
               way
               seems
               inferiour
               to
               the
               Piety
               of
               those
               who
               have
               protected
               their
               Masters
               in
               safety
               .
               Because
               that
               time
               not
               Life
               ,
               but
               Death
               was
               most
               beneficial
               to
               Marius
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Equally
               illustrious
               was
               the
               following
               Example
               
                 Caius
                 Gracchus
              
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               not
               fall
               into
               the
               power
               of
               his
               Enemies
               ,
               laid
               his
               neck
               to
               be
               cut
               off
               by
               his
               Serva●t
               Philocrates
               .
               Which
               when
               he
               had
               cut
               off
               with
               a
               swi●●
               blow
               ,
               he
               thrust
               the
               Sword
               still
               reaking
               with
               his
               Masters
               blood
               into
               his
               own
               Bowels
               .
               Others
               call
               th●
               Servant
               Euporus
               :
               I
               dispute
               not
               about
               the
               name
               ,
               only
               I
               admire
               the
               stoutness
               of
               a
               se●vile
               Fidelity
               ▪
               the
               nobleness
               of
               whose
               Soul
               had
               the
               generous
               Youth
               imitated
               ,
               
               he
               had
               avoided
               the
               threatning
               danger
               ,
               by
               the
               benefit
               of
               his
               own
               and
               not
               his
               Servants
               hand
               .
               But
               now
               he
               gave
               way
               that
               the
               Carcass
               of
               Philocrates
               should
               lye
               in
               more
               splendour
               than
               that
               of
               Gracchus
               his
               Master
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               Another
               sort
               of
               Fury
               ,
               and
               another
               sort
               of
               Nobility
               ,
               but
               the
               same
               Example
               of
               Fidelity
               .
               For
               Pindarus
               ,
               the
               Freed-man
               of
               Cassius
               ,
               having
               slain
               his
               Master
               by
               his
               command
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               lost
               the
               Battle
               of
               Philippi
               ,
               preserv'd
               him
               from
               the
               insultings
               of
               his
               Enemies
               ;
               nor
               was
               the
               Servant
               ever
               seen
               after
               .
               Which
               of
               the
               Gods
               ,
               Revenger
               of
               the
               most
               hainous
               Crimes
               of
               Mortals
               ,
               so
               benumb'd
               that
               Valour
               ,
               that
               ventur'd
               to
               the
               destruction
               of
               the
               Parent
               of
               the
               Empire
               ,
               that
               it
               should
               so
               abjectly
               trembling
               submit
               it self
               at
               the
               knees
               of
               Pindarus
               ,
               to
               avoid
               punishment
               of
               publick
               Parricide
               ,
               which
               it
               deserv'd
               from
               the
               hands
               of
               a
               most
               pious
               Victor
               ?
               Thou
               ,
               thou
               it
               was
               ,
               most
               divine
               Iulius
               ,
               that
               didst
               exact
               the
               revenge
               due
               to
               thy
               celestial
               wounds
               ,
               compelling
               that
               proud
               Head
               ,
               so
               perfidious
               to
               thee
               ,
               to
               implore
               the
               sordid
               aid
               of
               a
               Slave
               ,
               driven
               to
               that
               extremity
               of
               fury
               ,
               that
               he
               neither
               defir'd
               to
               live
               ,
               nor
               durst
               to
               dye
               by
               his
               own
               hand
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Of
               these
               calamities
               
                 C.
                 Plotius
                 Plancus
              
               ,
               the
               Brother
               of
               
                 Munatius
                 Plancus
              
               both
               Consul
               and
               Censor
               ,
               was
               a
               sad
               partaker
               ;
               who
               lurking
               in
               the
               Territories
               of
               Salernum
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               been
               banish'd
               by
               the
               Triumvirs
               ,
               discover'd
               the
               Sanctuary
               of
               his
               Safety
               by
               his
               effeminate
               way
               of
               living
               ,
               and
               the
               odours
               of
               his
               sweet
               Oyntments
               .
               For
               thereby
               the
               industrious
               care
               of
               those
               that
               persecute
               the
               miserable
               ,
               smelt
               out
               his
               secret
               haunts
               :
               By
               whom
               the
               Servants
               being
               apprehended
               ,
               and
               long
               tortur'd
               ,
               denied
               they
               knew
               where
               their
               Master
               was
               .
               Then
               would
               not
               Plancus
               endure
               that
               Servants
               ,
               so
               faithful
               and
               exemplary
               ,
               should
               be
               any
               longer
               tormented
               ;
               but
               discover'd
               himself
               ,
               and
               offer'd
               his
               Throat
               to
               the
               Souldiers
               weapons
               .
               Which
               
               contest
               of
               mutual
               good
               Will
               ,
               makes
               it
               difficult
               to
               be
               decided
               ,
               whether
               the
               Master
               were
               more
               worthy
               ,
               who
               had
               the
               trial
               of
               such
               a
               constant
               Fidelity
               in
               his
               Servants
               ;
               or
               the
               Servants
               ,
               who
               were
               freed
               from
               the
               severily
               of
               the
               Rack
               ,
               by
               the
               just
               compassion
               of
               their
               Master
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               What
               shall
               I
               say
               to
               the
               Servant
               of
               
                 Vrbi●ius
                 Panopio
              
               ▪
               how
               admirable
               was
               his
               Faith
               ?
               Who
               understanding
               that
               certain
               Souldiers
               ,
               having
               found
               where
               his
               Master
               was
               ,
               by
               the
               treachery
               of
               his
               Servants
               ,
               were
               come
               to
               the
               Town
               of
               Reate
               to
               kill
               him
               ,
               changing
               his
               Garments
               with
               him
               ,
               and
               putting
               on
               his
               own
               Ring
               ,
               he
               put
               his
               Master
               out
               at
               a
               Back-door
               ,
               and
               retiring
               himself
               into
               his
               Masters
               Chamber
               and
               into
               his
               Masters
               Bed
               ,
               suffered
               himself
               patiently
               to
               be
               kill'd
               in
               lien
               of
               Panopio
               .
               The
               act
               is
               soon
               related
               ,
               but
               the
               commenda●ion
               which
               it
               deserves
               is
               not
               so
               easily
               given
               .
               However
               ,
               Panopio
               tessifi●d
               how
               much
               he
               was
               beholding
               to
               his
               Servant
               ,
               by
               ra●sing
               him
               an
               ample
               Monument
               ,
               with
               a
               grate●ul
               I●scription
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               I
               might
               be
               contented
               with
               these
               Examples
               ;
               but
               the
               wonder
               of
               the
               Fact
               compells
               me
               to
               relate
               one
               more
               .
               
                 Antius
                 Reslio
              
               being
               proscrib'd
               by
               the
               Triumviri
               ,
               when
               he
               saw
               all
               his
               Servants
               busie
               upon
               rapine
               and
               ransack
               ,
               in
               a
               temp●stuous
               night
               withdrew
               himself
               from
               his
               House
               .
               Whose
               flight
               being
               observ'd
               by
               a
               Slave
               that
               he
               had
               k●pt
               severely
               in
               Chains
               ,
               and
               one
               that
               he
               had
               burnt
               in
               the
               Forehead
               with
               contumelious
               Letters
               ;
               the
               Slave
               never
               left
               till
               he
               had
               overtaken
               him
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               he
               might
               attend
               him
               in
               his
               misery
               .
               By
               which
               most
               exquisite
               and
               dangerous
               officiousness
               ,
               h●
               compleated
               the
               full
               measure
               of
               a
               most
               signal
               Piety
               .
               For
               when
               they
               ,
               whose
               condition
               was
               better
               at
               home
               ,
               min●ed
               nothing
               but
               the
               ransack
               of
               their
               Master
               ,
               he
               thought
               the
               sa●●ty
               of
               that
               person
               ,
               who
               had
               been
               so
               c●u●l
               to
               him
               ,
               to
               be
               the
               greatest
               profit
               he
               could
               enjoy
               .
               And
               when
               ●it
               had
               been
               enough
               to
               have
               laid
               aside
               his
               〈◊〉
               
               Anger
               ,
               he
               added
               Charity
               .
               Nor
               did
               his
               good
               Will
               end
               here
               ,
               but
               he
               us'd
               a
               Stratagem
               to
               preserve
               his
               Master
               .
               For
               when
               he
               perceiv'd
               the
               Souldiers
               were
               at
               hand
               ,
               he
               hid
               his
               Master
               ,
               and
               making
               a
               Funeral
               Pile
               ,
               got
               a
               poor
               old
               man
               whom
               he
               slew
               and
               threw
               him
               into
               the
               flame
               .
               When
               the
               Souldiers
               ask'd
               him
               for
               Antius
               ;
               pointing
               to
               the
               Pile
               ,
               
                 I
                 have
                 thrown
                 him
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 into
                 that
                 Pile
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 cruelty
                 to
                 me
                 .
              
               The
               Souldiers
               ,
               believing
               the
               probability
               of
               the
               Story
               ,
               went
               their
               way
               ;
               whereby
               Antius
               had
               time
               to
               provide
               for
               his
               safety
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               IX
               .
               Of
               the
               Change
               of
               Manners
               and
               Fortune
               .
            
             
               
                 Among
                 the
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 T.
                 Manlius
                 Torquatus
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 P.
                 Africanus
                 
                   the
                   Elder
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 C.
                 Valerius
                 Flaccus
                 
                   the
                   Flamin
                
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Q.
                 Fabius
                 Maximus
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Q.
                 Lutatius
                 Catulus
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 L.
                 Cornelius
                 Scylla
                 
                   the
                   Happy
                
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 T.
                 Aufidius
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 P.
                 Rupilius
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 P.
                 Ventidius
                 Bassus
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 L.
                 Cornelius
                 Lentulus
                 Lupus
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 Cn.
                 Cornelius
                 Scipio
                 Asina
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 Licinius
                 Crassus
                 
                   the
                   Rich.
                
                 
              
               
                 13.
                 
                 Q.
                 Servilius
                 Caepio
                 .
              
               
                 14.
                 
                 C.
                 Marius
                 .
              
               
                 15.
                 
                 C.
                 Julius
                 Caesar.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Polemon
                 the
                 Athenian
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Themistocles
                 the
                 Athenian
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Conon
                 the
                 Athenian
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Aleib●ades
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Polycrates
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Dionysius
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Syphax
                 
                   King
                   of
                   the
                
                 Numidians
                 .
              
            
             
               A
               Considerate
               Change
               can
               either
               adde
               much
               to
               the
               Trust
               ,
               or
               diminish
               the
               Care
               of
               worthy
               men
               ▪
               
               whether
               we
               consider
               our
               own
               condition
               ,
               or
               the
               nature
               of
               others
               :
               For
               when
               we
               perceive
               some
               to
               have
               risen
               from
               low
               and
               contemptible
               beginnings
               ,
               why
               should
               we
               not
               then
               have
               better
               thoughts
               of
               our selves
               ?
               Knowing
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               a
               foolish
               thing
               ,
               to
               forejudge
               ones
               self
               of
               perpetual
               infelicity
               ,
               and
               to
               change
               our
               hope
               ,
               which
               sometimes
               rightly
               favou●s
               uncertain
               things
               ,
               into
               certain
               desperation
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 Manlius
                 Torquatus
              
               ,
               when
               he
               was
               a
               Youth
               ,
               was
               look'd
               upon
               to
               be
               of
               so
               dull
               and
               heavy
               a
               disposition
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               sent
               into
               the
               Countrey
               by
               his
               Father
               
                 Lucius
                 Manlius
              
               ,
               a
               person
               of
               great
               worth
               ,
               to
               follow
               the
               Plow
               ,
               as
               being
               unfit
               either
               for
               publick
               or
               private
               business
               .
               Afterwards
               he
               pleaded
               for
               his
               Father
               ,
               being
               accus'd
               for
               some
               misdeameanour
               ,
               and
               carried
               the
               Cause
               for
               him
               .
               He
               cut
               off
               his
               Sons
               head
               ,
               though
               a
               Victor
               ,
               because
               he
               had
               fought
               against
               his
               command
               with
               the
               Enemy
               :
               and
               with
               a
               most
               splendid
               Triumph
               ,
               he
               reviv'd
               his
               Countrey
               groaning
               under
               the
               Latin
               War.
               Thus
               ,
               his
               adverse
               Fortune
               clouded
               him
               in
               his
               Youth
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               shine
               more
               glorious
               in
               his
               Elder
               Years
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               
                 Scipio
                 Africanus
              
               the
               Elder
               ,
               whom
               the
               Immortal
               Gods
               decreed
               ●o
               be
               born
               ,
               that
               there
               might
               be
               a
               person
               in
               whom
               Vertue
               might
               shew
               it self
               in
               all
               its
               variety
               ,
               is
               reported
               to
               have
               led
               a
               debauch'd
               life
               in
               his
               younger
               years
               ;
               remote
               from
               the
               crime
               of
               Luxury
               ,
               yet
               more
               soft
               and
               idle
               than
               his
               Punic
               Trophies
               ,
               or
               his
               yoaking
               the
               conquer'd
               Carthaginians
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               
                 C.
                 Valerius
                 Placcus
              
               also
               ,
               in
               the
               time
               of
               the
               Second
               Punic
               War
               ,
               began
               with
               a
               lewd
               course
               of
               life
               :
               But
               being
               chosen
               Flamen
               by
               
                 P.
                 Licinius
              
               the
               High-Priest
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               he
               might
               reclaim
               him
               ;
               applying
               himself
               to
               the
               care
               of
               the
               sacred
               things
               ,
               and
               the
               observation
               of
               the
               religious
               Rites
               ,
               and
               guided
               by
               Religion
               it self
               ,
               the
               Captain
               of
               Frugality
               ,
               he
               became
               as
               
               great
               an
               Example
               of
               Sobriety
               and
               Piety
               ,
               as
               he
               was
               before
               of
               Luxury
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               No
               person
               led
               a
               more
               debauch'd
               Life
               than
               
                 Q.
                 Fabius
                 Maximus
              
               ,
               who
               afterwards
               by
               the
               signal
               Victory
               which
               he
               obtain'd
               against
               the
               Gauls
               ,
               purchas'd
               to
               himself
               and
               his
               posterity
               the
               Sima●e
               of
               Allobrogicus
               .
               Yet
               in
               his
               elder
               years
               ,
               our
               City
               could
               boast
               of
               no
               such
               Ornament
               as
               he
               was
               ,
               no●
               was
               any
               person
               so
               renowned
               as
               he
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Who
               is
               ignorant
               how
               highly
               the
               Authority
               of
               
                 Q.
                 Gatulus
              
               was
               advanc'd
               ,
               at
               that
               very
               time
               when
               there
               was
               a
               crowd
               of
               famous
               men
               living
               ?
               Whose
               younger
               years
               you
               will
               finde
               to
               have
               been
               guilty
               of
               much
               Luxury
               and
               Softness
               .
               Which
               however
               was
               no
               impediment
               to
               him
               ,
               but
               that
               he
               became
               the
               Prince
               of
               his
               Countrey
               ,
               had
               the
               honour
               to
               have
               his
               name
               shine
               in
               the
               Capitol
               ,
               and
               by
               his
               own
               courage
               to
               bury
               a
               Civil
               War
               that
               was
               rising
               with
               a
               mighty
               force
               to
               seize
               the
               Commonwealth
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               But
               
                 L.
                 Sylla
              
               ,
               till
               he
               came
               to
               be
               Questor
               ,
               led
               ●
               life
               infamous
               for
               his
               Whoring
               ,
               Gaming
               and
               Drinking
               .
               Whereupon
               it
               was
               reported
               ,
               that
               Marius
               being
               engag'd
               in
               a
               very
               smart
               War
               in
               Africa
               ,
               complain'd
               that
               they
               had
               sent
               him
               such
               an
               effeminate
               Questor
               .
               But
               his
               Vertue
               ,
               having
               as
               it
               were
               broken
               down
               the
               fences
               of
               wickedness
               ,
               made
               a
               shift
               to
               chain
               the
               hands
               of
               Iugurth
               ,
               quell
               Mithridates
               ,
               withstand
               the
               billows
               of
               the
               War
               of
               our
               Allies
               ,
               break
               the
               power
               of
               Cin●●
               ,
               and
               compel
               him
               that
               had
               despis'd
               him
               ,
               when
               his
               Questor
               in
               Africa
               ,
               to
               fly
               a
               proscrib'd
               Exile
               into
               the
               same
               Province
               for
               safety
               .
               Which
               so
               various
               and
               so
               con●●●ry
               acts
               ,
               he
               that
               shall
               with
               a
               serious
               minde
               consider
               ,
               would
               believe
               there
               were
               two
               
               Sylla's
               in
               one
               man.
               I
               would
               have
               call'd
               him
               a
               
                 vicious
                 youth
              
               ,
               but
               a
               
                 brave
                 man
              
               ,
               had
               he
               not
               himself
               assum'd
               the
               title
               of
               Happy
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               And
               as
               we
               have
               admonish'd
               Nobility
               to
               regard
               
               itself
               by
               the
               benefit
               of
               repentance
               ,
               let
               us
               adde
               a
               few
               Examples
               of
               those
               that
               dar'd
               aspire
               from
               meaner
               beginnings
               .
               
                 T.
                 Aufidius
              
               ,
               who
               once
               had
               the
               gathering
               but
               of
               a
               small
               pittance
               of
               the
               Asiatic
               Tribute
               ,
               afterwards
               rul'd
               all
               Asia
               ,
               as
               Consul
               .
               Nor
               did
               our
               Allies
               disdain
               to
               obey
               his
               Fasces
               ,
               whom
               they
               had
               seen
               flattering
               the
               Tribunals
               of
               Forreigners
               .
               For
               he
               behavd
               himself
               faithfully
               and
               nobly
               :
               plainly
               demonstrating
               ,
               that
               his
               former
               way
               of
               living
               ,
               was
               only
               the
               effect
               of
               Fortune
               ;
               but
               that
               the
               pres●nt
               advancement
               of
               his
               Dignity
               ,
               was
               to
               be
               attributed
               to
               the
               greatness
               of
               his
               parts
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               
                 Publius
                 Rupilius
              
               was
               no
               Toll-gatherer
               in
               Sicilia
               ,
               but
               only
               a
               mean
               Officer
               under
               them
               ;
               so
               miserable
               poor
               ,
               that
               he
               had
               nothing
               to
               keep
               Life
               and
               Soul
               together
               ,
               but
               a
               small
               Office
               that
               depended
               upon
               the
               leave
               of
               the
               vanquish'd
               .
               Yet
               from
               him
               ▪
               Consul
               afterwards
               ,
               all
               Sicilia
               receiv'd
               their
               Laws
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               freed
               them
               from
               the
               terrors
               of
               a
               smart
               War
               of
               the
               Pirats
               and
               Fugitives
               .
               I
               believe
               that
               the
               very
               Ports
               themselves
               ,
               if
               there
               be
               any
               sence
               in
               mute
               things
               ,
               admir'd
               the
               wonderful
               change
               in
               the
               Condition
               of
               that
               man.
               For
               the
               same
               person
               that
               they
               had
               seen
               exacting
               the
               dayly
               Customs
               ,
               the
               same
               person
               they
               saw
               giving
               Laws
               to
               Navies
               and
               Armies
               .
            
             
               9.
               
               To
               this
               increase
               of
               Dignity
               I
               will
               adde
               a
               greater
               .
               When
               Asculum
               was
               taken
               ,
               
                 Cn.
                 Pompeius
              
               ,
               the
               Father
               of
               Pompey
               the
               Great
               ,
               prostituted
               to
               the
               eyes
               of
               the
               People
               
                 P.
                 Ventidius
              
               ,
               a
               beardless
               Youth
               ,
               in
               the
               Triumph
               that
               he
               had
               obtain'd
               .
               Yet
               this
               was
               that
               Ventidius
               ,
               who
               afterwards
               triumph'd
               at
               Rome
               over
               the
               Parthians
               ,
               and
               reveng'd
               the
               death
               of
               Crassus
               ,
               miserably
               foyl'd
               in
               a
               strange
               Countrey
               .
               Thus
               he
               that
               a
               Captive
               dreaded
               imprisonment
               ,
               now
               a
               Victor
               crowns
               the
               Capitol
               with
               his
               success
               .
               And
               this
               is
               farther
               remarkable
               of
               the
               same
               person
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               made
               
               Pretor
               and
               Consul
               both
               in
               one
               and
               the
               same
               year
               .
            
             
               10.
               
               Now
               let
               us
               consider
               the
               diversities
               of
               Chance
               .
               
                 L.
                 Lentulus
              
               was
               depos'd
               by
               the
               Caecilian
               Law
               ,
               of
               his
               Consulship
               ,
               being
               convicted
               of
               Bribery
               ,
               and
               yet
               was
               created
               Censor
               with
               
                 L.
                 Censorinus
              
               .
               Thus
               Fortune
               shuffl'd
               him
               between
               Honour
               and
               Disgrace
               ;
               condemning
               him
               in
               his
               Consulship
               ,
               and
               honouring
               him
               with
               the
               Office
               of
               Censor
               when
               he
               was
               condemn'd
               ;
               neither
               suffering
               him
               to
               enjoy
               a
               lasting
               happiness
               ,
               nor
               long
               to
               abide
               in
               a
               miserable
               condition
               .
            
             
               11.
               
               Thus
               Fortune
               shew'd
               her
               power
               also
               in
               
                 Cn.
                 Cornelius
                 Scipio
                 Asina
              
               .
               Who
               when
               he
               was
               Consul
               ,
               being
               taken
               by
               the
               Carthaginians
               at
               Liparae
               ,
               and
               had
               lost
               all
               by
               the
               right
               of
               War
               ,
               yet
               by
               the
               favour
               of
               Fortune
               recovered
               all
               ,
               and
               was
               again
               created
               Consul
               .
               Who
               would
               have
               thought
               he
               should
               have
               been
               brought
               from
               the
               Fasces
               to
               the
               Fetters
               of
               the
               Carthaginians
               ?
               Who
               would
               have
               thought
               again
               ,
               that
               from
               the
               Punic
               chains
               he
               should
               have
               advanc'd
               himself
               to
               the
               highest
               degrees
               of
               Honour
               ?
               But
               yet
               he
               was
               from
               a
               Consul
               made
               a
               Captive
               ,
               and
               from
               a
               Captive
               became
               Consul
               .
            
             
               12.
               
               What
               ?
               Did
               not
               the
               va●●ness
               of
               Crassus
               Wealth
               give
               him
               the
               Sirname
               of
               Rich
               ?
               Yet
               Poverty
               afterwards
               laid
               upon
               him
               the
               shameful
               title
               of
               a
               Bankrupt
               ;
               his
               Goods
               being
               sold
               by
               his
               Creditors
               ,
               because
               he
               could
               not
               pay
               the
               principal
               ;
               beside
               the
               bitter
               Sarcasme
               wherewith
               every
               one
               that
               met
               him
               ,
               saluted
               him
               ,
               calling
               him
               still
               ,
               Rich
               Crassus
               .
            
             
               13.
               
               
                 Q.
                 Caepio
              
               excels
               Crassus
               in
               s●v●rity
               of
               Fortunes
               inconstancy
               .
               For
               he
               having
               obtain'd
               the
               splendour
               of
               the
               Praetorship
               ,
               the
               renown
               of
               a
               Triumph
               ,
               the
               dignity
               of
               a
               Consulship
               ,
               the
               glory
               of
               the
               High-Priesthood
               ,
               insomuch
               that
               he
               was
               call'd
               
                 The
                 Patron
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
              
               ;
               yet
               died
               in
               Jayl
               ,
               and
               his
               Body
               tortur'd
               and
               dilacerated
               by
               the
               cruel
               hand
               of
               the
               Hangman
               ,
               became
               a
               spectacle
               of
               horror
               to
               the
               Roman
               People
               in
               the
               publick
               place
               of
               Execution
               .
            
             
             
               14.
               
               The
               Life
               of
               Marius
               was
               a
               strange
               contest
               with
               Fortune
               ;
               for
               he
               withstood
               all
               her
               opposition
               with
               a
               stoutness
               of
               mind
               and
               body
               .
               Being
               thought
               unworthy
               the
               low
               honours
               of
               an
               Arpina●e
               (
               for
               whom
               it
               was
               not
               lawful
               to
               aspire
               high
               )
               he
               ventur'd
               to
               stand
               for
               the
               Questorship
               at
               Rome
               .
               And
               by
               his
               patience
               in
               bearing
               repulses
               ,
               he
               rather
               broke
               by
               force
               ,
               than
               was
               admitted
               into
               the
               Senate
               .
               He
               had
               the
               same
               repulses
               when
               he
               stood
               for
               the
               Tribuneship
               and
               Aedileship
               in
               the
               Field
               of
               Mars
               .
               Standing
               for
               the
               Praetorship
               ,
               he
               carried
               the
               lowest
               degree
               ,
               which
               notwithstanding
               he
               obtain'd
               with
               great
               difficulty
               ;
               for
               being
               accus'd
               for
               bribing
               Voices
               ,
               he
               was
               hardly
               acquitted
               by
               the
               Judges
               .
               Yet
               from
               that
               Marius
               ,
               so
               meanly
               born
               at
               Arpinum
               ,
               so
               despised
               at
               Rome
               ,
               and
               so
               abhorr'd
               a
               Candidate
               ,
               sprung
               that
               Marius
               who
               subdu'd
               Africa
               ,
               drove
               King
               Iugurth
               before
               his
               Chariot
               in
               Triumph
               ,
               who
               utterly
               subdued
               the
               Armies
               of
               the
               Tentons
               and
               Cimbrians
               ,
               whose
               two
               Triumphs
               were
               beheld
               in
               the
               City
               ,
               and
               whose
               seaven
               Consulships
               were
               register'd
               in
               the
               Annal-Books
               ;
               who
               had
               the
               luck
               to
               be
               created
               Consul
               returning
               from
               Banishment
               ,
               and
               to
               proscribe
               his
               Proscriber
               .
               What
               more
               mutable
               or
               inconstant
               than
               his
               condition
               ?
               Who
               among
               the
               miserable
               was
               most
               miserable
               ,
               yet
               among
               the
               fortunate
               shall
               be
               found
               most
               fortunate
               .
            
             
               15.
               
               But
               
                 Iulius
                 Caesar
              
               ,
               whose
               Vertues
               gave
               him
               admission
               into
               Heaven
               ,
               at
               the
               beginning
               of
               his
               youth
               going
               into
               Asia
               ,
               being
               taken
               by
               Sea-Rovers
               ,
               was
               forced
               to
               redeem
               himself
               for
               fifty
               Talents
               .
               For
               so
               small
               a
               sum
               as
               that
               ,
               would
               Fortune
               have
               the
               brightest
               Constellation
               in
               the
               world
               sold
               in
               the
               Pyrats
               Market
               .
               Why
               then
               should
               we
               complain
               of
               her
               ,
               when
               she
               spares
               not
               the
               associates
               of
               her
               Divinity
               ?
               But
               the
               celestial
               Numen
               reveng'd
               his
               own
               injury
               :
               For
               presently
               a●ter
               pursuing
               the
               slaves
               ,
               and
               taking
               them
               ,
               he
               crucified
               them
               every
               man.
               
            
             
               
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 We
                 have
                 been
                 intent
                 in
                 relating
                 our
                 own
                 ,
                 let
                 us
                 be
                 more
                 succinct
                 in
                 the
                 repetition
                 of
                 Forreign
                 Examples
                 .
                 Polemo
                 ,
                 a
                 young
                 Athenian
                 Gentleman
                 ,
                 but
                 infinitely
                 debauch'd
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 that
                 gloried
                 in
                 his
                 shame
                 ,
                 rising
                 from
                 a
                 Banquet
                 ,
                 not
                 after
                 Sun-set
                 ,
                 but
                 after
                 Son-rising
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 went
                 home
                 saw
                 Xenocrates
                 the
                 Philosopher's
                 door
                 standing
                 wide
                 open
                 .
                 Drunk
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 ,
                 richly
                 perfum'd
                 ,
                 gayly
                 clad
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 his
                 Garland
                 upon
                 his
                 Head
                 ,
                 he
                 enter'd
                 the
                 School
                 ,
                 that
                 was
                 full
                 of
                 Grave
                 and
                 Learned
                 Men
                 ;
                 and
                 nothing
                 asham'd
                 of
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 his
                 entry
                 ,
                 he
                 sate
                 down
                 to
                 throw
                 his
                 drunken
                 Jests
                 upon
                 the
                 noble
                 Disputes
                 and
                 wholesom
                 Precepts
                 that
                 were
                 then
                 utter'd
                 .
                 The
                 company
                 being
                 offended
                 ,
                 Xenocrates
                 kept
                 his
                 temper
                 ,
                 and
                 began
                 to
                 dispute
                 of
                 Modesty
                 and
                 Temperance
                 .
                 The
                 Gravity
                 of
                 whose
                 Speech
                 causing
                 Polemo
                 to
                 repent
                 ,
                 he
                 first
                 threw
                 his
                 Garland
                 to
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 presently
                 after
                 he
                 withdrew
                 his
                 arms
                 (
                 
                   a
                   token
                   of
                   Modesty
                   among
                   the
                
                 Athenians
                 )
                 under
                 his
                 Cloak
                 ;
                 shortly
                 after
                 he
                 left
                 his
                 feasting
                 Mirth
                 ;
                 and
                 lastly
                 ,
                 laid
                 aside
                 all
                 his
                 Debauchery
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 cur'd
                 with
                 the
                 wholesome
                 Medicine
                 of
                 one
                 Oration
                 ,
                 of
                 an
                 infamous
                 Glutton
                 became
                 a
                 famous
                 Philosopher
                 .
                 For
                 his
                 minde
                 was
                 only
                 a
                 Pilgrim
                 in
                 wickedness
                 ,
                 not
                 an
                 Inhabitant
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 It
                 troubles
                 me
                 to
                 remember
                 Themistocles
                 in
                 his
                 Youth
                 ;
                 whether
                 I
                 consider
                 his
                 Father
                 that
                 disinherited
                 him
                 ,
                 or
                 his
                 Mother
                 that
                 hang'd
                 herself
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 wicked
                 course
                 of
                 life
                 her
                 Son
                 led
                 ;
                 when
                 he
                 himself
                 afterwards
                 became
                 the
                 most
                 famous
                 person
                 that
                 ever
                 Greece
                 brought
                 forth
                 ;
                 and
                 was
                 the
                 pledge
                 either
                 of
                 hope
                 or
                 despair
                 between
                 Asia
                 and
                 Europe
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 one
                 had
                 him
                 the
                 Patron
                 of
                 her
                 Safety
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 entertain'd
                 him
                 as
                 the
                 Surety
                 of
                 Victory
                 .
              
               
               
                 3.
                 
                 Cimon
                 in
                 his
                 youth
                 was
                 look'd
                 upon
                 as
                 a
                 fool
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Athenians
                 found
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 his
                 foolish
                 commands
                 :
                 Compelling
                 them
                 to
                 condemn
                 themselves
                 of
                 stupidity
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 accus'd
                 him
                 of
                 Folly.
                 
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Two
                 distinct
                 Fortunes
                 ,
                 shar'd
                 Alcibiades
                 between
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 one
                 ,
                 that
                 assign'd
                 him
                 a
                 splendid
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 vast
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 Beauty
                 incomparable
                 ,
                 strength
                 of
                 Body
                 ,
                 a
                 most
                 piercing
                 Wit
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 passionate
                 love
                 of
                 his
                 Countrey-men
                 :
                 The
                 other
                 ,
                 that
                 inflicted
                 upon
                 him
                 Condemnaton
                 ,
                 Banishment
                 ,
                 Sale
                 of
                 his
                 Estate
                 ,
                 Poverty
                 ,
                 the
                 hatred
                 of
                 his
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 violent
                 Death
                 .
                 Neither
                 the
                 one
                 nor
                 the
                 other
                 altogether
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 intermission
                 ,
                 like
                 the
                 ebbing
                 and
                 flowing
                 of
                 the
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Polycrates
                 ,
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Samos
                 ,
                 lived
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 prodigality
                 of
                 Fortunes
                 savours
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 admir'd
                 even
                 to
                 Envy
                 ,
                 not
                 without
                 cause
                 ;
                 his
                 endeavors
                 all
                 prosper'd
                 ;
                 his
                 hopes
                 reap'd
                 the
                 fruit
                 of
                 what
                 they
                 desired
                 ;
                 his
                 wishes
                 were
                 no
                 sooner
                 nam'd
                 than
                 granted
                 ▪
                 To
                 desire
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 perform
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 .
                 Once
                 only
                 Fortune
                 chang'd
                 her
                 countenance
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 threw
                 a
                 Ring
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 highly
                 esteem'd
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 not
                 be
                 said
                 to
                 have
                 undergone
                 no
                 misfortune
                 ;
                 which
                 however
                 he
                 presently
                 recover'd
                 ,
                 the
                 fish
                 being
                 taken
                 that
                 had
                 swallowed
                 it
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 always
                 hold
                 this
                 prosperous
                 course
                 of
                 felicity
                 ,
                 that
                 swell'd
                 his
                 full
                 fails
                 :
                 For
                 Orontes
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 
                 Darius's
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 having
                 taken
                 him
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 crucified
                 upon
                 the
                 highest
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Mycalensian
                 Mountain
                 .
                 From
                 whence
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Samos
                 ,
                 long
                 oppressed
                 by
                 his
                 severe
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 joyful
                 eyes
                 of
                 freemen
                 beheld
                 his
                 ●tinking
                 Arteries
                 ,
                 his
                 members
                 besmear'd
                 with
                 Blood
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 left
                 hand
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 Neptune
                 had
                 restor'd
                 the
                 Ring
                 by
                 the
                 hand
                 of
                 the
                 Fisherman
                 ,
                 the
                 sad
                 spectacle
                 of
                 Misfortune
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Dionysius
                 also
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 enter'd
                 upon
                 the
                 
                 Tyranny
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 Fathers
                 Will
                 ,
                 the
                 Lord
                 of
                 a
                 vast
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 a
                 Captain
                 of
                 Armies
                 ,
                 an
                 Admiral
                 of
                 a
                 Navy
                 ,
                 potent
                 in
                 Horse
                 ,
                 yet
                 was
                 forced
                 to
                 teach
                 School
                 at
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 livelihood
                 :
                 And
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 being
                 now
                 become
                 a
                 School-master
                 ,
                 he
                 wa●n'd
                 his
                 Elders
                 by
                 such
                 a
                 change
                 ,
                 how
                 little
                 they
                 were
                 to
                 trust
                 to
                 Fortune
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Next
                 to
                 him
                 follows
                 Syphax
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 who
                 underwent
                 the
                 same
                 severity
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ;
                 to
                 whom
                 however
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 Rome
                 by
                 
                   Scipio
                   ,
                   Carthage
                
                 by
                 Asdrubal
                 ,
                 made
                 their
                 addresses
                 for
                 his
                 Friendship
                 .
                 But
                 while
                 he
                 stood
                 thus
                 courted
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 Arbiter
                 of
                 Victory
                 between
                 the
                 greatest
                 and
                 most
                 potent
                 People
                 in
                 the
                 world
                 ;
                 In
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 after
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 brought
                 chain'd
                 by
                 Laelius
                 to
                 Scipio
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 lyes
                 prostrate
                 at
                 the
                 feet
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 thought
                 it
                 favour
                 enough
                 before
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 sate
                 upon
                 his
                 Throne
                 ,
                 to
                 take
                 by
                 the
                 hand
                 .
                 Thus
                 meerly
                 vain
                 ,
                 and
                 fragil
                 ,
                 and
                 like
                 the
                 baubles
                 Children
                 play
                 with
                 ,
                 are
                 those
                 great
                 things
                 which
                 we
                 call
                 Human
                 Power
                 and
                 Wealth
                 :
                 On
                 a
                 suddain
                 they
                 abound
                 ,
                 and
                 vanish
                 as
                 soon
                 :
                 In
                 no
                 place
                 or
                 person
                 fix'd
                 upon
                 a
                 stable
                 foundation
                 ;
                 but
                 ●oss'd
                 hither
                 and
                 thither
                 by
                 the
                 uncertain
                 state
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 miserably
                 they
                 precipitate
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 depth
                 of
                 Calamity
                 ,
                 whom
                 but
                 now
                 they
                 had
                 exalted
                 as
                 high
                 as
                 Heaven
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 they
                 are
                 neither
                 to
                 be
                 esteemed
                 nor
                 accompted
                 Felicity
                 ,
                 which
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 they
                 may
                 redouble
                 a
                 desire
                 of
                 enjoying
                 them
                 ,
                 are
                 wont
                 to
                 oppress
                 with
                 a
                 heavier
                 weight
                 ,
                 those
                 that
                 they
                 flatter'd
                 before
                 with
                 their
                 most
                 indulgent
                 favours
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             LIB
             .
             VII
             .
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               I.
               Of
               Hapinness
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Q.
                 Metellus
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Gyges
                 
                   the
                   King
                   of
                
                 Lydia
                 .
              
            
             
               WE
               have
               related
               several
               Examples
               of
               the
               Inconstancy
               of
               Fortune
               ;
               for
               there
               are
               very
               few
               that
               render
               her
               propitious
               .
               Whereby
               it
               is
               evident
               that
               she
               is
               generous
               and
               free
               of
               her
               Adversity
               ,
               but
               very
               sparing
               of
               her
               Prosperity
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               Let
               us
               see
               then
               with
               how
               many
               degre●s
               of
               favour
               she
               prosecuted
               Metellus
               from
               his
               Infancy
               to
               his
               Death
               ,
               with
               an
               incessant
               indulgence
               .
               She
               gave
               him
               his
               bir●h
               in
               the
               Capital
               City
               of
               the
               World
               :
               She
               gave
               him
               most
               noble
               Parents
               :
               She
               furnish'd
               him
               with
               admirable
               parts
               of
               Nature
               ,
               and
               strength
               of
               Body
               :
               She
               married
               him
               to
               a
               Wife
               conspicuous
               for
               her
               Chastity
               &
               Fertility
               :
               She
               grac'●
               him
               with
               the
               Honour
               of
               Consulship
               ,
               the
               Imperatorian
               Dignity
               ,
               and
               the
               Splendour
               of
               a
               renowned
               Triumph
               :
               She
               so
               order'd
               it
               ,
               that
               at
               the
               same
               time
               he
               had
               three
               Sons
               living
               ,
               Consular
               men
               ;
               one
               also
               a
               Censor
               and
               Triumpher
               ;
               and
               the
               fourth
               a
               Pretor
               .
               She
               married
               him
               Three
               Daughters
               ,
               whose
               Issue
               he
               received
               into
               his
               ownbosom
               :
               And
               among
               all
               these
               Children
               born
               ,
               so
               many
               Youths
               coming
               to
               age
               ,
               so
               many
               Nuptial
               Torches
               ,
               such
               an
               abundance
               of
               Honour
               ,
               Empire
               and
               Congratulation
               ,
               not
               one
               Funeral
               ,
               not
               one
               Tear
               ,
               or
               the
               least
               
               cause
               of
               Sadness
               .
               Consider
               the
               Heavens
               ,
               and
               we
               shall
               hardly
               meet
               with
               so
               perdurable
               a
               condition
               there
               ;
               while
               we
               finde
               the
               greatest
               Philosophers
               lodging
               grief
               and
               pain
               in
               the
               very
               breasts
               of
               the
               Gods.
               Nor
               was
               his
               end
               unlike
               the
               course
               of
               his
               Life
               .
               For
               after
               he
               had
               liv'd
               a
               fair
               age
               ,
               an
               easie
               Death
               carried
               him
               off
               from
               the
               last
               farewels
               and
               embraces
               of
               his
               dearest
               Pledges
               ;
               and
               he
               was
               carried
               to
               his
               Funeral-Pile
               upon
               the
               shoulders
               of
               his
               Sons
               and
               Sons-in-Law
               through
               the
               City
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               A
               noble
               Felicity
               this
               ;
               yet
               the
               following
               was
               prefer'd
               by
               the
               D●vinity
               it self
               .
               For
               when
               Gyges
               ,
               puft
               up
               with
               the
               riches
               and
               power
               of
               his
               Kingdom
               of
               Lydia
               ,
               went
               to
               enquire
               of
               
                 Pythian
                 Apollo
              
               ,
               whether
               any
               Mortal
               was
               happier
               than
               he
               ;
               The
               God
               made
               answer
               with
               a
               low
               voice
               ,
               from
               the
               hollow
               retirement
               of
               his
               sacred
               Den
               ,
               that
               
                 Aglaus
                 Sophidius
              
               was
               more
               happy
               than
               he
               .
               He
               was
               the
               poorest
               of
               the
               Arcadians
               ,
               but
               the
               elder
               of
               the
               two
               :
               one
               that
               never
               had
               increas'd
               the
               bounds
               of
               his
               own
               land
               ;
               contented
               with
               the
               Income
               of
               a
               poor
               Farm.
               But
               Apollo
               meant
               the
               true
               ,
               not
               the
               obscure
               end
               of
               a
               happy
               Life
               :
               and
               therefore
               gave
               that
               answer
               to
               one
               that
               insolently
               gloried
               in
               the
               splendour
               of
               his
               fortune
               ,
               That
               he
               rather
               approv'd
               a
               Cottage
               in
               a
               calm
               security
               of
               content
               ,
               than
               the
               cares
               and
               anxieties
               of
               a
               Court
               ;
               a
               few
               clods
               of
               earth
               void
               of
               fear
               ,
               than
               all
               the
               fertile
               Acres
               of
               Lydia
               incumber'd
               with
               continual
               dread
               ;
               and
               one
               or
               two
               yoak
               of
               Oxen
               easily
               maintain'd
               ,
               than
               Armies
               of
               Horse
               and
               Foot
               ,
               burthensome
               even
               to
               vast
               expences
               ;
               and
               a
               small
               Barn
               subject
               to
               no
               mans
               Envy
               ,
               than
               Exchequers
               exposed
               to
               the
               coverous
               desires
               and
               rapacious
               violence
               of
               all
               men
               .
               Thus
               while
               Gyges
               labours
               to
               finde
               a
               God
               to
               favour
               his
               vain
               opinion
               ,
               he
               learns
               wherein
               the
               true
               and
               solid
               Happiness
               confists
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               II.
               Of
               things
               wisely
               said
               or
               done
               .
            
             
               
                 By
                 the
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 App.
                 Claudius
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 P.
                 Scipio
                 Africanus
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Q.
                 Caecilius
                 Metellus
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 L.
                 Fimbria
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Papyrius
                 Cursor
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Senate
                   of
                
                 Rome
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Socrates
                 the
                 Athenian
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Solon
                 the
                 Athenian
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Bion
                 of
                 Prienne
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Plato
                 of
                 A●hens
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Antigonus
                 
                   the
                   King.
                
                 
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Xenocrates
                 
                   the
                   Philosopher
                
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Aristophanes
                 
                   the
                   Comedian
                
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Thales
                 
                   the
                   Philosopher
                
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 Anaxagoras
                 of
                 Clazomene
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 Demas
                 the
                 Athenian
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 Anacharsis
                 the
                 Scythian
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 Agesilaus
                 the
                 Spartan
                 .
              
               
                 13.
                 
                 Hanno
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 .
              
               
                 14.
                 
                 Herennius
                 Pontius
                 the
                 Samnite
                 .
              
               
                 15.
                 
                 The
                 Cretans
                 .
              
            
             
               I
               Will
               now
               treat
               of
               that
               sort
               of
               Felicity
               ,
               which
               is
               altogether
               in
               the
               habit
               of
               the
               Minde
               ,
               and
               is
               not
               to
               be
               obtain'd
               by
               wishes
               ,
               but
               is
               bred
               in
               the
               breasts
               of
               men
               ,
               and
               advances
               it self
               by
               things
               famously
               said
               or
               done
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               It
               is
               reported
               ●hat
               
                 Appius
                 Claudius
              
               was
               often
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               
                 That
                 the
                 People
                 of
              
               Rome
               
                 were
                 better
                 to
                 be
                 trusted
                 with
                 Business
                 than
                 Idleness
                 :
              
               Not
               but
               that
               they
               understood
               the
               pleasure
               of
               a
               calm
               condition
               ,
               but
               because
               he
               found
               that
               potent
               Empires
               were
               excited
               to
               Vertue
               ,
               by
               the
               vicissitude
               and
               agitation
               of
               Human
               Affairs
               .
               And
               certainly
               Business
               ,
               terrible
               to
               name
               ,
               preserv'd
               
               the
               customs
               of
               our
               City
               in
               their
               best
               condition
               but
               Rest
               ,
               that
               has
               a
               softer
               name
               ,
               first
               fill'd
               it
               full
               of
               Vice.
               
            
             
               2.
               
               
                 Scipio
                 Africanus
              
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               
                 That
                 in
                 affairs
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 shameful
                 thing
                 to
                 cry
                 ,
                 I
                 had
                 not
                 thought
                 .
              
               Believing
               that
               the
               transactions
               of
               the
               Sword
               ought
               to
               be
               carried
               on
               with
               a
               serious
               and
               well-examin'd
               deliberation
               .
               For
               that
               Errour
               is
               never
               to
               be
               retriev'd
               ,
               that
               is
               committed
               in
               the
               heat
               of
               War.
               The
               same
               person
               denied
               that
               an
               Enemy
               was
               to
               be
               fought
               with
               ,
               but
               only
               when
               there
               was
               a
               kind
               opportunity
               ,
               or
               a
               pressing
               necessity
               .
               Both
               prudently
               said
               .
               For
               to
               omit
               an
               opportunity
               of
               acting
               with
               success
               ,
               is
               the
               greatest
               madness
               in
               the
               world
               :
               And
               he
               that
               is
               compell'd
               to
               a
               necessity
               of
               giving
               Battle
               ,
               yet
               abstains
               from
               fighting
               ,
               shews
               a
               piece
               of
               sloath
               of
               a
               pestiferous
               consequence
               .
               And
               of
               those
               that
               commit
               these
               absurdities
               ,
               one
               part
               knows
               not
               how
               to
               make
               use
               of
               the
               benefit
               of
               Fortune
               ,
               the
               other
               knows
               not
               how
               to
               resist
               the
               injury
               of
               Fortune
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               It
               was
               also
               both
               a
               grave
               and
               lofty
               Sentence
               ,
               which
               Metellus
               spoke
               in
               the
               Senate
               .
               Who
               upon
               the
               ruine
               of
               Carthage
               plainly
               confess'd
               ,
               That
               he
               knew
               not
               whether
               that
               Victory
               might
               bring
               more
               advantage
               or
               more
               mischief
               to
               the
               Commonwealth
               .
               For
               as
               it
               was
               advantageous
               by
               the
               Peace
               which
               it
               occasion'd
               ,
               so
               by
               removing
               Hannibal
               ,
               it
               had
               done
               harm
               .
               For
               by
               his
               March
               into
               Italy
               ,
               the
               sleeping
               Courage
               of
               the
               Romans
               was
               rows'd
               up
               :
               And
               it
               was
               to
               be
               fear'd
               ,
               that
               being
               freed
               from
               so
               formidable
               a
               Rival
               ,
               it
               would
               relapse
               into
               its
               former
               drowziness
               .
               So
               that
               he
               reckon'd
               it
               to
               be
               as
               great
               a
               mischief
               for
               the
               Nerves
               of
               their
               antient
               strength
               to
               be
               weaken'd
               ,
               as
               for
               their
               Hous●s
               to
               be
               burnt
               ,
               their
               Lands
               to
               be
               laid
               waste
               ,
               and
               their
               Treasures
               to
               be
               emptied
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               How
               prudent
               an
               act
               was
               that
               of
               Fimbria
               the
               
               Consul
               !
               Who
               being
               made
               an
               Arbitrator
               by
               
                 M.
                 Lutatius
                 Pythia
              
               ,
               a
               Roman
               Knight
               ,
               upon
               a
               Security
               that
               he
               had
               given
               to
               an
               Adversary
               of
               his
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               an
               honest
               Man
               ,
               would
               never
               deliver
               his
               judgment
               ,
               lest
               he
               should
               injure
               the
               fame
               of
               a
               person
               unblemish'd
               by
               pronouncing
               against
               him
               ,
               or
               affirm
               him
               to
               be
               a
               good
               man
               ,
               considering
               how
               many
               qualities
               were
               requir'd
               to
               make
               a
               man
               such
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               From
               the
               Civil
               ,
               we
               will
               exhibit
               a
               Military
               Act
               of
               Prudence
               .
               
                 Papirius
                 Cursor
              
               ,
               Consul
               ,
               desirous
               to
               rise
               from
               the
               Siege
               of
               Aquilonia
               to
               give
               the
               Enemy
               battle
               ,
               was
               told
               by
               the
               Augus●
               that
               the
               Entrails
               of
               the
               Fowl
               promis'd
               all
               things
               prosperously
               ,
               when
               there
               was
               no
               such
               thing
               .
               Afterwards
               being
               inform'd
               of
               the
               fallacy
               ,
               he
               took
               it
               however
               for
               a
               good
               Omen
               to
               him
               and
               his
               Army
               ,
               and
               gave
               Battle
               :
               But
               he
               placed
               the
               Impostor
               in
               the
               Fore-front
               ,
               that
               the
               Gods
               ,
               if
               angry
               ,
               might
               revenge
               themselves
               upon
               the
               right
               person
               .
               And
               it
               hapned
               so
               ,
               whether
               by
               Chance
               or
               by
               divine
               Providence
               ,
               that
               the
               first
               Dart
               which
               was
               thrown
               by
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               hit
               the
               Impostors
               Breast
               ,
               and
               struck
               him
               dead
               .
               Which
               when
               the
               Consul
               understood
               ,
               with
               a
               renew'd
               confidence
               ,
               he
               fell
               upon
               the
               Enemy
               and
               took
               Aquilonia
               .
               So
               suddenly
               did
               he
               apprehend
               ,
               wh●ch
               way
               the
               injury
               done
               to
               the
               General
               was
               to
               be
               reveng'd
               ;
               how
               violated
               Religion
               was
               to
               be
               expiated
               ;
               and
               how
               Victory
               was
               to
               be
               obtain'd
               .
               He
               acted
               the
               part
               of
               a
               severe
               Man
               ,
               a
               religious
               Consul
               ,
               and
               a
               stout
               General
               :
               with
               one
               kind
               of
               thought
               forcing
               at
               the
               same
               time
               the
               limi●s
               of
               fear
               ,
               the
               manner
               of
               punishment
               ,
               and
               the
               means
               of
               hope
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               Now
               I
               will
               pass
               to
               the
               Acts
               of
               the
               Senate
               .
               When
               the
               Senate
               sent
               
                 Claudius
                 Nero
              
               and
               
                 Livius
                 Salinator
              
               Consuls
               against
               Hannibal
               ,
               and
               found
               that
               as
               th●y
               were
               equal
               in
               Virtue
               ,
               so
               they
               were
               at
               as
               great
               an
               enmity
               one
               with
               another
               ;
               they
               made
               it
               their
               business
               
               to
               make
               them
               friends
               ,
               that
               they
               might
               not
               neglect
               the
               publick
               for
               their
               private
               dissentions
               .
               For
               unless
               there
               be
               a
               true
               concord
               in
               such
               Commands
               ,
               there
               is
               a
               greater
               desire
               to
               keep
               another
               from
               doing
               good
               ,
               than
               to
               act
               well
               themselves
               :
               But
               where
               there
               is
               an
               inveterate
               Hatred
               ,
               they
               are
               greater
               Enemies
               to
               one
               another
               ,
               than
               the
               Adversary
               they
               go
               to
               fight
               with
               .
               Those
               very
               men
               being
               accused
               by
               
                 Cn.
                 Baebius
              
               ,
               a
               Tribune
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               for
               their
               Severity
               in
               the
               Censorship
               ,
               were
               by
               the
               Decree
               of
               the
               Senate
               freed
               from
               coming
               to
               their
               Tryal
               :
               freeing
               from
               the
               fear
               of
               Judgment
               that
               Honour
               ,
               which
               was
               to
               take
               ,
               not
               to
               give
               an
               accompt
               .
               The
               same
               Wisdome
               of
               the
               Senate
               put
               
                 Ti.
                 Gracchus
              
               the
               Tribune
               to
               Death
               ,
               for
               daring
               to
               promulgate
               the
               Agrarian
               Law
               :
               yet
               most
               prudently
               order'd
               ,
               that
               the
               Land
               should
               be
               divided
               to
               every
               man
               by
               the
               Triumvirs
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               Law.
               Thus
               ,
               at
               the
               same
               time
               ,
               they
               took
               away
               both
               the
               Authors
               and
               the
               Cause
               of
               a
               most
               turbulent
               Sedition
               .
            
             
               How
               prudently
               did
               the
               Senate
               behave
               themselves
               to
               King
               Massinissa
               !
               For
               when
               they
               had
               experienc'd
               the
               faithful
               and
               ready
               service
               which
               he
               had
               done
               them
               against
               the
               Carthaginians
               ,
               they
               made
               a
               Law
               ,
               whereby
               they
               gave
               Massinissa
               a
               freedom
               absolute
               from
               the
               power
               of
               the
               People
               of
               Rome
               .
               By
               which
               act
               ,
               they
               not
               only
               reclaim'd
               the
               kindness
               of
               a
               person
               ,
               who
               had
               so
               well
               deserv'd
               of
               them
               ,
               but
               secur'd
               themselves
               from
               the
               barbarity
               of
               the
               
                 Numidians
                 ,
                 Mauritanians
              
               and
               other
               Nations
               adjoyning
               ,
               who
               before
               would
               never
               rest
               at
               peace
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 I
                 should
                 want
                 time
                 to
                 relate
                 Domestic
                 Examples
                 :
                 For
                 our
                 Empire
                 increases
                 and
                 protects
                 it self
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 by
                 strength
                 of
                 body
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 vigour
                 of
                 minde
                 .
                 Therefore
                 
                 let
                 the
                 Roman
                 Prudence
                 be
                 silently
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 laid
                 up
                 in
                 admiration
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 way
                 to
                 forreign
                 Examples
                 of
                 this
                 nature
                 .
                 Socrates
                 ,
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 terrestrial
                 Oracle
                 of
                 humane
                 Wisdome
                 ,
                 was
                 wont
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   there
                   was
                   nothing
                   more
                   to
                   be
                   ask'd
                   of
                   the
                   Immortal
                   Gods
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   they
                   would
                   be
                   pleased
                   to
                   give
                   us
                   what
                   things
                   were
                   good
                   for
                   us
                   .
                
                 In
                 regard
                 they
                 knew
                 what
                 was
                 profitable
                 for
                 every
                 one
                 ;
                 but
                 for
                 our
                 parts
                 we
                 beg
                 those
                 things
                 oft-times
                 ,
                 which
                 it
                 were
                 better
                 we
                 should
                 be
                 without
                 .
                 For
                 ,
                 oh
                 thou
                 mind
                 of
                 Mortals
                 ,
                 wrapt
                 up
                 in
                 thick
                 clouds
                 of
                 darkness
                 ,
                 how
                 dost
                 thou
                 diffuse
                 thy
                 blind
                 Prayers
                 into
                 wide
                 Errour
                 !
                 Thou
                 covetest
                 Riches
                 ,
                 so
                 pernitious
                 to
                 thousands
                 .
                 Thou
                 desirest
                 Honors
                 ,
                 fatal
                 to
                 Multitudes
                 .
                 Thou
                 grapplest
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 as
                 oftentimes
                 orewhelm'd
                 with
                 calamity
                 .
                 Thou
                 layst
                 hands
                 upon
                 splendid
                 Wedlocks
                 ,
                 which
                 as
                 they
                 ennoble
                 ,
                 as
                 oftentimes
                 overturn
                 whole
                 Families
                 .
                 Cease
                 then
                 foolishly
                 to
                 gape
                 after
                 the
                 future
                 causes
                 of
                 many
                 mischiefs
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 only
                 happinesses
                 to
                 be
                 enjoy'd
                 ▪
                 but
                 submit
                 thy self
                 to
                 the
                 judgment
                 of
                 Heaven
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 that
                 are
                 able
                 to
                 give
                 ,
                 are
                 best
                 able
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 choice
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 was
                 also
                 wont
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   they
                   took
                   a
                   very
                   short
                   and
                   compendious
                   way
                   to
                   Honour
                   ,
                   who
                   so
                   behaved
                   themselves
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   be
                   really
                   such
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   would
                   seem
                   to
                   be
                   .
                
                 Wher●by
                 he
                 openly
                 admonish'd
                 us
                 ,
                 that
                 men
                 should
                 rather
                 follow
                 Virtue
                 it self
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 shadow
                 of
                 Virtue
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 person
                 ,
                 when
                 a
                 Youngman
                 ask'd
                 him
                 Whether
                 he
                 should
                 Marry
                 ,
                 or
                 altogether
                 abstain
                 from
                 Wedlock
                 ,
                 made
                 him
                 answer
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   let
                   him
                   do
                   which
                   he
                   would
                   ,
                   he
                   should
                   be
                   sure
                   to
                   repent
                   .
                   For
                   on
                   the
                   one
                   hand
                   ,
                
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   there
                   is
                   solitude
                   ,
                   want
                   of
                   Children
                   ,
                   extinction
                   of
                   Family
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   mans
                   estate
                   betr'd
                   by
                   a
                   stranger
                   :
                   On
                   the
                   other
                   hand
                   ,
                   perpetual
                   sollicitation
                   ,
                   continual
                   wrangling
                   ,
                   twittings
                   in
                   the
                   teeth
                   about
                   the
                   Dower
                   ,
                   the
                   
                   frowns
                   of
                   Kindred
                   ,
                   the
                   twatling
                   of
                   the
                   Mother-in-Law
                   ,
                   the
                   private
                   friend
                   ,
                   and
                   ambushments
                   of
                   Cuckold●y
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   uncertain
                   hopes
                   of
                   Children
                   .
                
                 Thus
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 suffer
                 the
                 Young-man
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 contexture
                 of
                 bad
                 accidents
                 ,
                 to
                 mak●
                 his
                 choice
                 in
                 a
                 matter
                 of
                 pleasure
                 and
                 delight
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 same
                 person
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 wicked
                 fury
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 had
                 pronounced
                 Sentence
                 against
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 received
                 the
                 venemous
                 Potion
                 given
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 hand
                 of
                 the
                 common
                 Executioner
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 stout
                 and
                 constant
                 resolution
                 ,
                 putting
                 the
                 Cup
                 to
                 his
                 mouth
                 ,
                 made
                 this
                 answer
                 to
                 his
                 Wife
                 Xan●ippe
                 ,
                 crying
                 out
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 tears
                 and
                 lamentations
                 that
                 he
                 died
                 innocently
                 ;
                 
                   What
                   then
                
                 ?
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   had●t
                   thou
                   rather
                   I
                   should
                   have
                   died
                   on
                   offender
                   ?
                
                 Oh
                 profound
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 that
                 !
                 that
                 would
                 not
                 forget
                 it self
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 Exit
                 of
                 Life
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 How
                 wisely
                 did
                 Solon
                 aver
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   no
                   man
                   could
                   be
                   accompted
                   happy
                   ,
                   while
                   he
                   was
                   yet
                   alive
                   !
                
                 being
                 subject
                 to
                 the
                 doubtful
                 chances
                 of
                 fortune
                 ,
                 even
                 to
                 the
                 last
                 gasp
                 .
                 Therefore
                 doth
                 the
                 Funeral-Pile
                 consumm●te
                 the
                 extent
                 of
                 Humane
                 Felicity
                 ,
                 which
                 exposes
                 it self
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 assaults
                 of
                 Misfortune
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 person
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 beheld
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 in
                 a
                 deep
                 affliction
                 ,
                 brought
                 him
                 to
                 a
                 high
                 Tower
                 ,
                 and
                 bid
                 him
                 survey
                 every
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 lower
                 Buildings
                 :
                 which
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 
                   Consider
                   now
                   with
                   thy self
                
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   how
                   many
                   occasions
                   of
                   lamentations
                   formerly
                   there
                   were
                   ,
                   and
                   still
                   are
                   in
                   those
                   meaner
                   roofs
                   ,
                   and
                   will
                   happen
                   hereafter
                   ,
                   and
                   cease
                   to
                   bewail
                   the
                   common
                   inconveniences
                   of
                   Mortals
                   .
                
                 By
                 which
                 act
                 of
                 consolation
                 he
                 shewed
                 ,
                 that
                 Cities
                 were
                 but
                 the
                 miserable
                 cages
                 of
                 human
                 Miseries
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 person
                 was
                 wont
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   if
                   all
                   people
                   were
                   bound
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   heap
                   of
                   their
                   misfortunes
                   in
                   one
                   place
                   ,
                   it
                   would
                   so
                   happen
                   ,
                   that
                   every
                   man
                   would
                   
                   rather
                   carry
                   his
                   own
                   home
                   again
                   ,
                   than
                   bear
                   his
                   share
                   of
                   the
                   common
                   heap
                   .
                
                 From
                 whence
                 he
                 collected
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 accompt
                 those
                 things
                 most
                 intolerably
                 bitter
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 suffer
                 by
                 chance
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Bias
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Enemy
                 had
                 invaded
                 his
                 own
                 native
                 Countrey
                 Prieue
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 all
                 people
                 whom
                 the
                 ravage
                 of
                 War
                 suffered
                 to
                 get
                 safe
                 away
                 were
                 upon
                 their
                 flight
                 ,
                 laden
                 with
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 what
                 they
                 esteem'd
                 most
                 precious
                 ,
                 being
                 asked
                 why
                 he
                 carried
                 away
                 nothing
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Goods
                 ,
                 I
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   carry
                   all
                   my
                   Goods
                   about
                   me
                   .
                
                 For
                 he
                 carried
                 them
                 in
                 his
                 Breast
                 ,
                 not
                 upon
                 his
                 Shoulders
                 ;
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 by
                 the
                 Eye
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 be
                 prized
                 by
                 the
                 Minde
                 :
                 Which
                 b●ing
                 preserv'd
                 in
                 the
                 little
                 Sanctuary
                 of
                 the
                 Minde
                 ,
                 are
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 injur'd
                 ●y
                 the
                 hands
                 either
                 of
                 Gods
                 or
                 Mortals
                 :
                 and
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 always
                 at
                 hand
                 with
                 them
                 that
                 tarry
                 ,
                 so
                 they
                 never
                 desert
                 them
                 that
                 flie
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Short
                 in
                 words
                 ,
                 but
                 abounding
                 in
                 sence
                 was
                 the
                 Sentence
                 of
                 Plato
                 ,
                 who
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   world
                   would
                   then
                   be
                   happy
                   ,
                   when
                   wise
                   men
                   reigned
                   ,
                   or
                   Kings
                   began
                   to
                   be
                   wise
                   .
                
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Of
                 a
                 piercing
                 judgment
                 also
                 was
                 that
                 King
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 report
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Diadem
                 was
                 brought
                 ,
                 before
                 he
                 put
                 it
                 upon
                 his
                 Head
                 ,
                 he
                 held
                 it
                 in
                 his
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 paus'd
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 
                   Oh
                   noble
                   rather
                   tha●
                   fortunate
                   Linnen
                   ,
                
                 cryed
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   which
                   be
                   that
                   knew
                   with
                   what
                   cares
                   ,
                   dangers
                   ,
                   and
                   miseries
                   it
                   was
                   attended
                   ,
                   would
                   not
                   take
                   it
                   up
                   from
                   the
                   ground
                   .
                
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 How
                 much
                 to
                 be
                 applauded
                 was
                 the
                 answer
                 of
                 Xenocrates
                 !
                 who
                 being
                 present
                 at
                 the
                 reviling
                 speeches
                 of
                 another
                 with
                 a
                 seal'd-up
                 silence
                 ,
                 and
                 ask'd
                 why
                 he
                 curb'd
                 his
                 tongue
                 so
                 ,
                 being
                 alone
                 ,
                 made
                 answer
                 ,
                 
                   Because
                   he
                   had
                   once
                   repented
                   him
                   of
                   speaking
                   ,
                   but
                   never
                   of
                   holding
                   his
                   tongue
                   .
                
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 The
                 Precept
                 also
                 of
                 Aristophanes
                 is
                 more
                 exaltedly
                 
                 prudent
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Comedies
                 brings
                 in
                 Pericles
                 the
                 Athenian
                 sent
                 back
                 from
                 Hell
                 ,
                 and
                 prophecying
                 that
                 a
                 Bear
                 was
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 cherish'd
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Admonishing
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 active
                 Wits
                 of
                 noble
                 and
                 stirring
                 youth
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 curb'd
                 :
                 but
                 being
                 fed
                 with
                 over-much
                 favour
                 and
                 profuse
                 indulgence
                 ,
                 let
                 them
                 not
                 be
                 hinder'd
                 from
                 gaining
                 the
                 Supreme
                 Power
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 is
                 vain
                 and
                 unprofitable
                 thing
                 to
                 resist
                 that
                 force
                 which
                 is
                 softer'd
                 by
                 ●hy
                 self
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Wonderfully
                 Thales
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 asked
                 whether
                 the
                 deeds
                 of
                 men
                 escap'd
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ;
                 
                   Not
                   their
                   premeditated
                   acts
                
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 .
                 Intimating
                 that
                 we
                 ought
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 preserve
                 our
                 hands
                 clean
                 ,
                 but
                 our
                 minds
                 pure
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 believe
                 our
                 thoughts
                 to
                 be
                 known
                 to
                 the
                 Gods.
                 
              
               
                 No
                 less
                 prudent
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 follows
                 :
                 The
                 Father
                 o●
                 an
                 only
                 Child
                 consulted
                 Themistocles
                 ,
                 whether
                 he
                 should
                 marry
                 her
                 to
                 a
                 poor
                 learned
                 Man
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 rich
                 Man
                 of
                 no
                 esteem
                 ?
                 To
                 whom
                 ,
                 
                   I
                   had
                   rather
                   choose
                   a
                   man
                   ,
                
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   wanting
                   Money
                   ,
                   than
                   Money
                   wanting
                   a
                   Man.
                
                 By
                 which
                 saying
                 he
                 admonish'd
                 a
                 fool
                 to
                 choose
                 a
                 Son-in-Law
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 Wealth
                 of
                 a
                 Son-in
                 Law.
                 
              
               
                 Much
                 to
                 be
                 applaud●d
                 was
                 the
                 Epistle
                 of
                 Philip
                 ,
                 wherein
                 he
                 chides
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 ingratiate
                 himself
                 with
                 large
                 gifts
                 into
                 the
                 hearts
                 of
                 ●ome
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Macedonians
                   :
                   What
                   reason
                   ,
                   Son
                   ,
                   perswaded
                   thee
                   to
                   this
                   vain
                   hope
                   ,
                   That
                   thou
                   shouldst
                   think
                   those
                   persons
                   will
                   be
                   faithful
                   to
                   thee
                   ,
                   whose
                   kindness
                   thou
                   art
                   forced
                   to
                   purchase
                   with
                   Money
                   ?
                   Love
                   only
                   breeds
                   love
                   .
                
                 Yet
                 was
                 Philip
                 rather
                 a
                 Purchaser
                 ,
                 than
                 a
                 Victor
                 of
                 Greece
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Aristotle
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 sent
                 his
                 Disciple
                 Callisthenes
                 to
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 admonish'd
                 him
                 either
                 to
                 say
                 nothing
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 to
                 talk
                 pleasantly
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 for
                 reproving
                 him
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 prided
                 himself
                 to
                 hear
                 the
                 
                 Macedons
                 ,
                 salute
                 him
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 flattery
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 sought
                 to
                 reclaim
                 him
                 against
                 his
                 will
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 antient
                 Customes
                 of
                 his
                 Forefathers
                 ,
                 being
                 commanded
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 too
                 late
                 repented
                 his
                 neglect
                 of
                 the
                 wholesome
                 counsel
                 that
                 had
                 bin
                 given
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 Aristotle
                 taught
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 became
                 not
                 him
                 to
                 speak
                 either
                 way
                 of
                 himself
                 :
                 For
                 to
                 praise
                 himself
                 was
                 a
                 vanity
                 ;
                 to
                 speak
                 ill
                 of
                 himself
                 ,
                 a
                 folly
                 .
                 A
                 most
                 wholesome
                 Precept
                 was
                 it
                 of
                 his
                 likewise
                 ,
                 That
                 we
                 should
                 consider
                 Pleasures
                 that
                 were
                 passing
                 off
                 .
                 Which
                 by
                 so
                 representing
                 he
                 diminish'd
                 ;
                 for
                 so
                 he
                 exposed
                 them
                 fainting
                 and
                 full
                 of
                 repentance
                 ,
                 which
                 render'd
                 them
                 the
                 less
                 desirable
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 No
                 less
                 prudence
                 was
                 it
                 in
                 Anaxagoras
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 ask'd
                 whom
                 he
                 thought
                 the
                 happiest
                 person
                 :
                 
                   None
                   of
                   those
                
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   whom
                   thou
                   imagin'st
                   happy
                   ;
                   but
                   thou
                   shalt
                   finde
                   him
                   among
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   those
                   whom
                   thou
                   accomptest
                   unfortunate
                   .
                
                 Not
                 the
                 person
                 that
                 abounds
                 in
                 Riches
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 manurer
                 of
                 a
                 small
                 Farm
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 faithful
                 and
                 persevering
                 observer
                 of
                 unambitious
                 Maximes
                 ;
                 more
                 happy
                 in
                 retirement
                 than
                 in
                 outward
                 shew
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 Wise
                 was
                 the
                 saying
                 of
                 Deinas
                 also
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Athenians
                 denying
                 to
                 attribute
                 divine
                 Honours
                 to
                 
                   Alexander
                   ;
                   Take
                   heed
                
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   lest
                   while
                   you
                   are
                   so
                   careful
                   to
                   keep
                   Heaven
                   ,
                   you
                   loose
                   the
                   Earth
                   .
                
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 How
                 subtily
                 did
                 Anacharsis
                 compare
                 the
                 Laws
                 to
                 Spider
                 Webs
                 ?
                 For
                 as
                 they
                 detain'd
                 the
                 weaker
                 Animals
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 go
                 the
                 stronger
                 ;
                 so
                 the
                 other
                 bound
                 the
                 poor
                 and
                 needy
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 go
                 the
                 rich
                 and
                 potent
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 Nothing
                 more
                 pruden●
                 than
                 that
                 act
                 of
                 Agesilaw
                 :
                 For
                 having
                 discovered
                 a
                 Conspiracy
                 against
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 by
                 night
                 ,
                 he
                 presently
                 abrogated
                 the
                 
                 Laws
                 of
                 Lycurg●s
                 ,
                 that
                 forbid
                 the
                 punishment
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 not
                 condemn'd
                 .
                 But
                 having
                 apprehended
                 and
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 the
                 Offenders
                 ,
                 he
                 presently
                 restor'd
                 them
                 again
                 :
                 providing
                 both
                 ways
                 ,
                 that
                 wholesome
                 punishment
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 thought
                 unjust
                 ,
                 nor
                 be
                 prevented
                 by
                 Law.
                 Therefore
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 always
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 necessary
                 ,
                 that
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 they
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 .
              
               
                 13.
                 
                 But
                 I
                 cannot
                 tell
                 whether
                 the
                 Counsel
                 of
                 Hanno
                 were
                 not
                 more
                 eminently
                 prudent
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 Mago
                 related
                 the
                 event
                 of
                 the
                 Battle
                 of
                 Cannae
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 of
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 and
                 produced
                 three
                 Bush●●s
                 of
                 Gold
                 Rings
                 in
                 testimony
                 of
                 the
                 success
                 ,
                 he
                 demanded
                 whether
                 any
                 of
                 their
                 Allies
                 had
                 revolted
                 from
                 the
                 Romans
                 after
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 defeat
                 ?
                 When
                 he
                 heard
                 that
                 none
                 were
                 fallen
                 off
                 to
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 he
                 presently
                 advis'd
                 ,
                 that
                 Embassadours
                 should
                 be
                 sent
                 to
                 Rome
                 to
                 treat
                 of
                 Peace
                 .
                 which
                 Counsel
                 had
                 it
                 bin
                 follow'd
                 ,
                 neither
                 had
                 Carthage
                 bin
                 overcome
                 in
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 not
                 ruin'd
                 in
                 the
                 Third
                 Punic
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 14.
                 
                 Neither
                 did
                 the
                 Samnites
                 pay
                 les●
                 severely
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 Errour
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 neglected
                 the
                 wholesome
                 Counsel
                 of
                 
                   Herennius
                   Pontius
                
                 ;
                 who
                 excelling
                 the
                 rest
                 in
                 Authority
                 and
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 being
                 consulted
                 by
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Commander
                 thereof
                 his
                 own
                 Son
                 ,
                 What
                 they
                 should
                 do
                 with
                 the
                 Roman
                 Souldiers
                 taken
                 at
                 the
                 
                   Caudine
                   Forks
                
                 ,
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   they
                   should
                   be
                   sent
                   home
                   untouch'd
                   .
                
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 being
                 asked
                 the
                 same
                 question
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 answer
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   they
                   should
                   be
                   all
                   destroy'd
                   :
                
                 Either
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 merit
                 the
                 good
                 Will
                 of
                 an
                 Enemy
                 by
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 Benefit
                 ,
                 or
                 impair
                 his
                 force
                 by
                 a
                 considerable
                 loss
                 .
                 B●t
                 the
                 improvident
                 rashness
                 of
                 the
                 Victors
                 ,
                 despising
                 both
                 counsels
                 of
                 profit
                 and
                 advantage
                 ,
                 by
                 putting
                 them
                 
                 under
                 the
                 Yoak
                 ,
                 incens'd
                 them
                 to
                 their
                 ruine
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 many
                 and
                 great
                 Examples
                 of
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 I
                 will
                 adde
                 one
                 small
                 one
                 :
                 The
                 Cretans
                 when
                 they
                 would
                 most
                 vehemently
                 curse
                 those
                 they
                 hate
                 ,
                 wish
                 they
                 may
                 take
                 pleasure
                 in
                 an
                 ill
                 Custome
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Modesty
                 of
                 their
                 Wish
                 ,
                 finde
                 a
                 most
                 efficacious
                 event
                 of
                 their
                 revenge
                 :
                 For
                 to
                 desire
                 any
                 thing
                 in
                 vain
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 persevere
                 in
                 that
                 earnest
                 desire
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 pleasure
                 next
                 to
                 ruine
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               III.
               Of
               things
               craftily
               spoken
               or
               done
               .
            
             
               
                 Among
                 the
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   The
                   President
                   of
                
                 Diana
                 
                   's
                   Temple
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 L.
                 Junius
                 Brutus
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 P.
                 Scipio
                 Africanus
                 
                   the
                   Elder
                
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Q.
                 Fabius
                 Lubeo
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Antonius
                 
                   the
                   Orator
                
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Q.
                 Sertorius
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Q.
                 Fabius
                 Maximus
                 Verrucossus
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 M.
                 Volasius
                 Saturninus
                 Aedil
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 Sentius
                 Saturninus
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 
                   A
                   certain
                   Father
                
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Alexander
                 
                   the
                   Great
                   and
                   an
                   Ass-driver
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 King
                 Darius
                 
                   's
                   Groom
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Bias
                 of
                 Priene
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Anaximenes
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Demosthenes
                 
                   the
                   Orator
                
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 
                   A
                   certain
                
                 Athenian
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Annibal
                 
                   the
                   son
                   of
                
                 Gisgo
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Annibal
                 
                   the
                   son
                   of
                
                 Amilcar
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 The
                 Tusculans
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 Tullius
                 Attius
                 
                   Captain
                   of
                   the
                
                 Volsci
                 .
              
            
             
               THere
               is
               another
               sort
               of
               saying
               and
               doing
               ,
               declining
               from
               Wisdome
               to
               the
               name
               of
               Cunning
               :
               which
               
               would
               not
               meet
               with
               the
               credit
               of
               what
               is
               propounded
               ,
               did
               it
               not
               assume
               the
               force
               of
               Cra●t
               ;
               and
               seeks
               for
               applause
               rather
               in
               a
               hidden
               path
               ,
               than
               in
               an
               open
               way
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               In
               the
               reign
               of
               
                 Servius
                 Tullius
              
               ,
               a
               certain
               Landlord
               in
               the
               Sabine
               Territories
               had
               a
               Cow
               of
               an
               extraordinary
               bigness
               and
               beauty
               .
               Which
               certain
               Authors
               of
               the
               Oracles
               said
               was
               sent
               into
               the
               world
               by
               the
               Immortal
               Gods
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               that
               whoever
               offer'd
               it
               to
               Diana
               of
               Aventinum
               ,
               his
               Countrey
               should
               obtain
               the
               Empire
               over
               the
               whole
               World.
               The
               Master
               rejoycing
               to
               hear
               such
               tydings
               ,
               drave
               the
               beast
               with
               all
               speed
               ,
               and
               presented
               it
               before
               the
               Altar
               of
               Diana
               in
               Aventinum
               ,
               desirous
               to
               give
               the
               Honour
               of
               Supreme
               Empire
               to
               the
               Sabines
               .
               Of
               which
               the
               President
               of
               the
               Temple
               having
               notice
               ,
               put
               it
               into
               the
               Owner's
               head
               ,
               that
               before
               he
               slew
               the
               Sacrifice
               ,
               he
               should
               wash
               himself
               in
               the
               water
               of
               the
               next
               River
               :
               who
               for
               that
               reason
               hastening
               to
               Tybur
               ,
               while
               he
               was
               gone
               ,
               the
               chief
               Priest
               offer'd
               the
               beast
               ,
               and
               by
               a
               pious
               the●t
               o●
               the
               Sacrifice
               ,
               render'd
               our
               City
               the
               Mistress
               of
               so
               many
               Cities
               and
               Nations
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               For
               which
               sharpness
               of
               Wit
               ,
               
                 Iunius
                 Brutus
              
               is
               in
               the
               first
               place
               to
               be
               commended
               .
               For
               when
               he
               found
               all
               the
               Promising
               Nobility
               to
               be
               cut
               off
               by
               King
               Tarquinius
               his
               Uncle
               ,
               and
               that
               his
               Brother
               was
               by
               him
               put
               to
               death
               ,
               because
               of
               the
               forwardness
               of
               his
               Wit
               ,
               counterfeited
               himself
               to
               be
               a
               Fool
               ;
               and
               by
               that
               fallacy
               conceal'd
               his
               own
               vast
               parts
               .
               Going
               also
               to
               the
               Oracle
               of
               Delphos
               with
               the
               Sons
               of
               Tarquin
               ,
               whom
               their
               Father
               sent
               thither
               with
               rich
               Presents
               and
               Sacrifices
               in
               honour
               of
               
                 Pythian
                 Apollo
              
               ,
               he
               carri'd
               Gold
               as
               a
               Present
               to
               the
               Deity
               ,
               hid
               in
               a
               hollow
               s●ick
               ;
               fearing
               that
               it
               was
               not
               safe
               to
               worship
               the
               Celestial
               Deity
               with
               
               an
               open
               Liberality
               .
               After
               that
               ,
               the
               Young-men
               ,
               having
               performed
               their
               Father's
               commands
               ,
               consulted
               Apollo
               ,
               which
               among
               them
               all
               should
               be
               the
               person
               that
               should
               reign
               in
               Rome
               .
               The
               God
               made
               answer
               ,
               
                 That
                 he
                 should
                 obtain
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 ,
                 that
                 gave
                 his
                 Mother
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 kiss
                 .
              
               Then
               Brutus
               threw
               himself
               so
               down
               ,
               as
               if
               he
               had
               fallen
               by
               chance
               ,
               and
               kiss'd
               the
               Earth
               ,
               the
               common
               Mother
               of
               all
               things
               .
               Which
               crafty
               Kiss
               given
               to
               the
               Earth
               ,
               gave
               Liberty
               to
               our
               City
               ,
               and
               the
               first
               place
               in
               our
               Annals
               to
               Brutus
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Scipio
               also
               the
               Elder
               embrac'd
               the
               aid
               of
               Craft
               .
               For
               as
               he
               was
               to
               sayl
               from
               Sicily
               into
               Africa
               ,
               finding
               it
               necessary
               to
               compleat
               a
               Body
               of
               Three
               Hundred
               Horse
               out
               of
               the
               stoutest
               of
               the
               Roman
               Foot
               ;
               though
               he
               had
               not
               time
               to
               exercise
               them
               ,
               what
               the
               streitness
               of
               Time
               denied
               him
               ,
               he
               attained
               by
               the
               Sagacity
               of
               his
               Counsel
               .
               For
               of
               all
               the
               young
               Gentlemen
               ,
               which
               were
               the
               noblest
               and
               the
               richest
               ,
               that
               he
               carried
               with
               him
               out
               of
               Sicily
               unarm'd
               ,
               he
               choose
               out
               Three
               Hundred
               ,
               whom
               he
               order'd
               to
               furnish
               themselves
               with
               gay
               Weapons
               and
               select
               Horses
               ,
               as
               if
               he
               intended
               to
               carry
               them
               along
               with
               him
               to
               the
               storming
               of
               Carthage
               .
               Who
               obeying
               his
               command
               ,
               ●s
               well
               in
               reference
               to
               the
               speed
               ,
               as
               in
               respect
               of
               a
               far
               distant
               and
               dangerous
               War
               ,
               Scipio
               told
               them
               ,
               he
               would
               release
               them
               from
               the
               Expedition
               ,
               upon
               condition
               they
               would
               deliver
               up
               their
               Weapons
               and
               Horses
               to
               his
               Souldiers
               .
               The
               Young-men
               effeminate
               and
               fearful
               ,
               greedily
               accepted
               the
               Condition
               ,
               and
               willingly
               deliver'd
               up
               their
               preparations
               to
               our
               Souldiers
               .
               Whereby
               the
               Subtilety
               of
               the
               Captain
               provided
               ,
               that
               what
               was
               out
               of
               hand
               commanded
               ,
               though
               s●vere
               ar
               first
               ,
               should
               be
               lookt
               upon
               as
               a
               greater
               benefit
               ,
               the
               fear
               of
               service
               being
               remitted
               .
            
             
             
               4.
               
               That
               which
               follows
               is
               also
               to
               be
               related
               .
               
                 Q.
                 Fabius
                 Lubeo
              
               being
               by
               the
               Senate
               appointed
               an
               Arbitrator
               to
               settle
               the
               Bounds
               between
               the
               Nolans
               and
               the
               Neapolitans
               ,
               when
               they
               came
               to
               the
               business
               ,
               admonish'd
               both
               apart
               ,
               that
               laying
               aside
               all
               Covetousness
               ,
               they
               should
               rather
               abate
               ,
               than
               pretend
               ●o
               too
               much
               .
               Which
               when
               both
               sides
               had
               consented
               to
               ,
               mov'd
               thereto
               by
               the
               authority
               of
               the
               person
               ,
               there
               was
               some
               ground
               left
               .
               Thereupon
               the
               Bounds
               being
               se●
               as
               they
               had
               agreed
               to
               ,
               that
               which
               was
               left
               he
               adjudged
               to
               the
               People
               of
               Rome
               .
               But
               though
               neither
               the
               N●lans
               nor
               Neapolitans
               could
               in
               Justice
               complain
               ,
               Sentence
               being
               given
               by
               their
               own
               consent
               ;
               yet
               by
               a
               new
               kind
               of
               mental
               reservation
               ,
               it
               brought
               a
               new
               Tribute
               to
               our
               City
               .
               The
               same
               person
               ,
               being
               according
               to
               Articles
               to
               have
               half
               the
               Navy
               of
               King
               Antiochu●
               ,
               whom
               he
               had
               overthrown
               in
               Battle
               ,
               cut
               all
               the
               Ships
               in
               two
               ,
               and
               so
               depriv'd
               him
               of
               his
               whole
               Navy
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Now
               are
               we
               to
               excuse
               
                 Marcus
                 Antonius
              
               ,
               who
               said
               ,
               
                 That
                 he
                 never
                 publish'd
                 any
                 Oration
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 if
                 any
                 Iudgment
                 of
                 his
                 formerly
                 given
                 should
                 chance
                 to
                 hinder
                 him
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 next
                 defend
                 ,
                 be
                 might
                 aver
                 that
                 he
                 never
                 spake
                 it
                 .
              
               Which
               seem'd
               a
               reasonable
               excuse
               for
               a
               fact
               hardly
               allowable
               .
               For
               he
               was
               still
               ready
               not
               only
               to
               make
               use
               of
               his
               Eloquence
               ,
               but
               to
               injure
               his
               Modesty
               to
               save
               his
               Client
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               But
               Sertorius
               ,
               upon
               whom
               Nature
               had
               with
               an
               equal
               indulgence
               bestow'd
               both
               strength
               of
               Body
               ,
               and
               sagacity
               in
               Counsel
               ,
               being
               compell'd
               to
               be
               Captain
               of
               the
               Lusitanians
               by
               the
               proscription
               of
               Sylla
               ,
               when
               he
               could
               by
               no
               means
               perswade
               them
               but
               that
               they
               would
               fight
               with
               the
               whole
               Army
               of
               the
               Romans
               ,
               by
               his
               crafty
               Counsel
               brought
               them
               to
               do
               as
               he
               intended
               .
               
               For
               he
               place
               in
               the
               sight
               of
               all
               the
               Lusitanians
               two
               Horses
               ,
               one
               a
               stou●
               bea●t
               ,
               th●
               other
               weak
               and
               infirm
               ▪
               After
               that
               he
               caus'd
               the
               Tail
               of
               the
               strong
               Horse
               to
               be
               pull'd
               hair
               by
               hair
               from
               him
               ,
               by
               a
               weak
               old
               man
               ;
               and
               the
               Tail
               of
               the
               weak
               Horse
               ●o
               be
               tor●
               all
               at
               once
               from
               him
               ,
               by
               a
               young
               fellow
               of
               an
               egregious
               strength
               .
               His
               commands
               were
               obey'd
               .
               But
               while
               the
               Young-man
               toyl'd
               himself
               in
               vain
               ,
               the
               decrepit
               old-man
               did
               his
               business
               .
               Then
               to
               let
               the
               Barbarous
               Assembly
               understand
               the
               meaning
               of
               his
               project
               ,
               he
               added
               ,
               
                 That
                 the
              
               Roman
               
                 Army
                 was
                 like
                 the
                 tail
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 ,
                 which
                 might
                 be
                 easily
                 overcome
                 in
                 parts
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 whoever
                 assail'd
                 the
                 body
                 entire
                 ,
                 should
                 sooner
                 loose
                 than
                 gain
                 the
                 Victory
                 .
              
               Thus
               the
               Barbarous
               rough-hewn
               Nation
               ,
               rushing
               on
               to
               their
               own
               destruction
               ,
               saw
               with
               their
               Eyes
               the
               advantages
               which
               their
               Ea●s
               had
               refus'd
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               
                 Fabius
                 Maximus
              
               ,
               whose
               business
               it
               was
               to
               overcome
               by
               abstaining
               from
               fight
               ,
               having
               in
               his
               Camp
               a
               Nolan
               Footman
               of
               prodigious
               strength
               ,
               yet
               suspected
               for
               his
               Fidelity
               ,
               and
               a
               Lucan
               Horseman
               of
               equal
               stoutness
               ,
               both
               captivated
               with
               the
               same
               Curtezan
               ;
               to
               the
               end
               he
               might
               not
               loose
               the
               advantage
               of
               two
               such
               Souldiers
               ,
               dissembled
               his
               suspicion
               to
               the
               one
               ,
               and
               as
               to
               the
               other
               he
               somewhat
               surpassed
               the
               bounds
               of
               true
               Discipline
               .
               For
               by
               praising
               the
               one
               in
               the
               publick
               Tribunal
               ,
               and
               loading
               him
               with
               all
               manner
               of
               commendations
               ,
               he
               made
               him
               constant
               to
               the
               Romans
               ,
               and
               an
               enemy
               to
               the
               Corthaginians
               ;
               and
               the
               other
               he
               suffer'd
               to
               redeem
               his
               Mistress
               privately
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               become
               an
               exact
               Spy
               for
               our
               side
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               I
               will
               come
               now
               to
               those
               that
               saved
               themselves
               by
               Craft
               .
               
                 M.
                 Volusius
              
               a
               banish'd
               Aedile
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               disguising
               himself
               in
               the
               habit
               of
               a
               Priest
               of
               Isis
               ,
               while
               he
               begg'd
               as
               he
               travelled
               upon
               the
               Road
               ,
               kept
               himself
               from
               being
               known
               who
               he
               was
               .
               And
               in
               this
               disguise
               he
               came
               to
               the
               Camp
               of
               
                 M.
                 Bru●us
              
               .
               What
               more
               miserable
               
               than
               Necessity
               ,
               which
               constrain'd
               a
               Magistrate
               of
               the
               People
               of
               Rome
               ,
               laying
               aside
               his
               Robes
               of
               Honour
               ,
               under
               the
               disguise
               of
               a
               forraign
               Religion
               ,
               to
               beg
               from
               Town
               to
               Town
               ?
               But
               all
               ●hese
               were
               either
               too
               desirous
               of
               Life
               ,
               or
               too
               covetous
               of
               the
               Death
               of
               others
               ,
               who
               could
               either
               endure
               such
               things
               themselves
               ,
               or
               compell'd
               others
               to
               undergo
               such
               difficulties
               .
            
             
               9.
               
               Something
               more
               noble
               was
               that
               shift
               ,
               at
               a
               dead
               list
               ,
               of
               
                 Sentius
                 Saturninus
                 Vetulio
              
               ,
               who
               hearing
               his
               name
               among
               those
               that
               were
               proscrib'd
               by
               the
               Triumvirs
               ,
               presently
               laid
               hold
               upon
               the
               Ensigns
               of
               Authority
               born
               before
               the
               Praetor
               ,
               and
               pretending
               himself
               a
               publick
               Lictor
               ,
               or
               Serjeant
               ,
               he
               did
               it
               with
               that
               con●idence
               ,
               that
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               all
               his
               enemies
               ,
               he
               hid
               himself
               from
               their
               sight
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               day
               light
               .
               After
               that
               coming
               to
               Puteoli
               ,
               and
               pretending
               himself
               in
               publick
               employment
               ,
               he
               so
               carried
               himself
               ,
               that
               he
               commanded
               a
               Vessel
               to
               carry
               him
               without
               controul
               into
               Sicily
               ,
               the
               safe
               refuge
               of
               the
               proscrib'd
               Par●y
               at
               that
               time
               .
            
             
               10.
               
               One
               more
               slight
               Example
               ,
               and
               then
               to
               Forraigners
               .
               A
               certain
               person
               ,
               ex●raordinarily
               indulgent
               to
               his
               Son
               ,
               being
               desirous
               to
               retrieve
               him
               from
               a
               dangerous
               and
               unlawful
               Amou●
               ,
               intermix'd
               his
               paternal
               Indulgence
               with
               the
               craft
               of
               wholesome
               Counsel
               .
               For
               he
               desir'd
               him
               before
               he
               went
               to
               his
               Mistress
               ,
               to
               make
               use
               of
               that
               sort
               of
               Venery
               which
               was
               common
               and
               permitted
               .
               Whereupon
               the
               Youngman
               ,
               listening
               to
               his
               Fathers
               entreaties
               ,
               finding
               himself
               satiated
               by
               a
               lawful
               act
               ,
               ceas'd
               to
               prosecute
               any
               farther
               his
               unlawful
               heat
               of
               concupiscence
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Alexander
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 admonish'd
                 by
                 the
                 Oracle
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 whoever
                 
                 he
                 met
                 first
                 coming
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Gate
                 ,
                 met
                 a
                 Driver
                 of
                 Ass●s
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 commanded
                 to
                 be
                 presently
                 carried
                 to
                 ex●cution
                 .
                 The
                 Ass-driver
                 thereupon
                 besought
                 him
                 ,
                 whe●e●ore
                 he
                 went
                 about
                 to
                 put
                 an
                 innocent
                 person
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 done
                 him
                 no
                 offence
                 ?
                 To
                 whom
                 when
                 the
                 King
                 repeated
                 the
                 command
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ;
                 
                   If
                   it
                   be
                   so
                   ,
                   O
                   King
                   ,
                
                 said
                 the
                 Ass-driver
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   Oracle
                   assign'd
                   another
                   to
                   dye
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   me
                   :
                   For
                   the
                   Ass
                   that
                   I
                   drove
                   met
                   thee
                   before
                   I
                   did
                   .
                   Alexander
                
                 pleas'd
                 with
                 the
                 craf●y
                 Repartie
                 of
                 the
                 poor
                 fellow
                 ,
                 and
                 willing
                 to
                 be
                 reclaim●d
                 from
                 his
                 errour
                 ,
                 ●ook
                 an
                 occasion
                 to
                 satisfie
                 Religion
                 with
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 the
                 meaner
                 Animal
                 .
                 Here
                 was
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 mildness
                 joyned
                 with
                 subtilty
                 ;
                 but
                 a
                 more
                 extraordinary
                 subtilty
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 Kings
                 Groom
                 ,
                 is
                 this
                 which
                 follows
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 For
                 the
                 fordid
                 dominion
                 of
                 the
                 Magi
                 being
                 overthrown
                 ,
                 Darius
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 joyning
                 with
                 others
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Dignity
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 noble
                 contract
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 on
                 Horseback
                 by
                 Sun-rising
                 to
                 ride
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 enjoy
                 the
                 Kingdome
                 whose
                 Horse
                 first
                 neigh'd
                 .
                 But
                 while
                 the
                 Competitors
                 for
                 so
                 great
                 an
                 honour
                 only
                 waited
                 upon
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 Darius
                 by
                 the
                 pure
                 invention
                 of
                 Ebar
                 the
                 Master
                 of
                 his
                 Horse
                 ,
                 attain'd
                 his
                 wish
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 coming
                 to
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 put
                 his
                 hand
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 thrust
                 into
                 the
                 privy
                 parts
                 of
                 a
                 Mare
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Nostrils
                 of
                 his
                 Masters
                 Horse
                 ;
                 who
                 provok'd
                 by
                 the
                 Scent
                 ,
                 immediately
                 n●ighed
                 .
                 Which
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Competitors
                 no
                 sooner
                 heard
                 ,
                 but
                 immediately
                 throwing
                 themselves
                 from
                 their
                 ho●ses
                 ,
                 and
                 prostrating
                 themselves
                 upon
                 the
                 ground
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 Persi●ns
                 )
                 they
                 saluted
                 Darius
                 King.
                 How
                 vast
                 an
                 Empire
                 was
                 thus
                 obtain'd
                 by
                 so
                 slight
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 Cunning
                 !
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Bias
                 ,
                 whose
                 wisdome
                 has
                 bin
                 more
                 durable
                 among
                 men
                 ,
                 than
                 this
                 Countrey
                 of
                 Priene
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 one
                 ●ill
                 remains
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 footsteps
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 are
                 hardly
                 
                 now
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 )
                 was
                 wont
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   men
                   ought
                   so
                   to
                   converse
                   in
                   point
                   of
                   Friendship
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   remember
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   might
                   change
                   into
                   the
                   severest
                   Animosity
                   .
                
                 Which
                 Precept
                 at
                 first
                 sight
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 craft
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 congruous
                 to
                 reality
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 delight
                 of
                 familiarity
                 :
                 But
                 look
                 upon
                 it
                 with
                 a
                 more
                 intent
                 consideration
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 found
                 very
                 profitable
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 The
                 safety
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Lampsacum
                 consisted
                 by
                 one
                 act
                 of
                 Subtlety
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 Alexander
                 threatned
                 nothing
                 but
                 the
                 destruction
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 saw
                 his
                 Master
                 Anaximenes
                 coming
                 towards
                 him
                 without
                 the
                 Walls
                 ;
                 for
                 ●ear
                 his
                 prayers
                 should
                 asswage
                 his
                 anger
                 ,
                 he
                 swore
                 not
                 to
                 grant
                 whatever
                 he
                 petition'd
                 for
                 .
                 Then
                 said
                 
                   Anaximene●
                   ,
                   My
                   Petition
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   thou
                   wouldst
                   destroy
                
                 Lampsacum
                 .
                 This
                 quick
                 reply
                 saved
                 a
                 City
                 ,
                 famous
                 for
                 its
                 Antiquity
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 ruine
                 to
                 which
                 it
                 was
                 destin'd
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 The
                 Cunning
                 of
                 Demosthenes
                 was
                 also
                 a
                 notable
                 help
                 to
                 a
                 young
                 Maid
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 received
                 Money
                 to
                 keep
                 from
                 two
                 Guests
                 ,
                 upon
                 that
                 condition
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 should
                 restore
                 the
                 Money
                 when
                 they
                 came
                 both
                 together
                 .
                 After
                 some
                 time
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 a
                 Mourning
                 Habit
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 his
                 Friend
                 had
                 bin
                 dead
                 ,
                 comes
                 and
                 receives
                 the
                 whole
                 Money
                 :
                 Which
                 when
                 she
                 had
                 paid
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 comes
                 and
                 demands
                 his
                 share
                 .
                 The
                 poor
                 Maid
                 was
                 at
                 a
                 loss
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 for
                 the
                 Money
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 Money
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Suit
                 ;
                 and
                 thought
                 of
                 nothing
                 but
                 hanging
                 herself
                 .
                 But
                 opportunely
                 Demosthenes
                 undertaking
                 her
                 Cause
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   woman
                
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   is
                   ready
                   to
                   pay
                   the
                   Money
                   deposited
                   in
                   her
                   custody
                   ;
                   but
                   unless
                   you
                   can
                   bring
                   the
                   other
                   person
                   along
                   with
                   you
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   not
                   for
                   her
                   to
                   do
                   it
                   by
                   the
                   contract
                   .
                   For
                   it
                   was
                   agreed
                   between
                   ye
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Money
                   should
                   not
                   be
                   paid
                   ,
                   till
                   both
                   came
                   together
                   .
                
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Nor
                 was
                 this
                 imprudently
                 acted
                 .
                 A
                 certain
                 Athenian
                 ,
                 
                 hated
                 by
                 all
                 people
                 ,
                 being
                 to
                 plead
                 for
                 his
                 Life
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 upon
                 a
                 suddain
                 began
                 to
                 demand
                 the
                 greatest
                 employment
                 of
                 the
                 Magistracy
                 among
                 them
                 .
                 Not
                 that
                 he
                 thought
                 to
                 obtain
                 his
                 desire
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 People
                 might
                 have
                 wherewithal
                 to
                 blunt
                 the
                 edge
                 of
                 their
                 first
                 Anger
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 usually
                 the
                 sharpest
                 .
                 Nor
                 did
                 his
                 Policy
                 deceive
                 him
                 :
                 for
                 when
                 the
                 People
                 had
                 spent
                 their
                 malice
                 in
                 hissing
                 him
                 out
                 the
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 disgrac'd
                 him
                 by
                 laying
                 him
                 aside
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 plead
                 for
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 their
                 malice
                 turn'd
                 into
                 compassion
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 done
                 enough
                 against
                 him
                 before
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 ventur'd
                 his
                 life
                 among
                 them
                 while
                 they
                 were
                 thirsting
                 after
                 Revenge
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 found
                 their
                 Ears
                 stopp'd
                 against
                 all
                 Mercy
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Like
                 to
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 following
                 piece
                 of
                 Cunning
                 .
                 The
                 Elder
                 Hannibal
                 being
                 overthrown
                 by
                 Duilius
                 in
                 a
                 Sea-fight
                 ,
                 and
                 fearing
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 his
                 Head
                 for
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 his
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 by
                 an
                 admirable
                 act
                 of
                 Subtil●y
                 mitigated
                 his
                 crime
                 :
                 For
                 before
                 the
                 news
                 of
                 his
                 Overthrow
                 got
                 home
                 ,
                 he
                 sends
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 to
                 Carthage
                 in
                 a
                 gentile
                 Habit.
                 Who
                 coming
                 into
                 the
                 Senate
                 House
                 ;
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   has
                   sent
                   me
                   to
                   advise
                   with
                   you
                   ,
                   Whether
                   ,
                   if
                   he
                   meet
                   the
                
                 Roman
                 
                   Admiral
                   and
                   finde
                   him
                   too
                   numerous
                   ,
                   he
                   shall
                   fight
                   or
                   no
                   ?
                
                 When
                 the
                 whole
                 Senate
                 were
                 unanimously
                 for
                 fighting
                 ;
                 Then
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   he
                   has
                   fought
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   overcome
                   .
                
                 And
                 then
                 it
                 was
                 too
                 late
                 to
                 condemn
                 the
                 fact
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 themselves
                 had
                 approv'd
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 The
                 other
                 Hannibal
                 finding
                 Fabius
                 Maximus's
                 delay
                 so
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 his
                 Victories
                 ,
                 to
                 render
                 him
                 suspected
                 of
                 spinning
                 out
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 wasted
                 all
                 other
                 parts
                 of
                 Italy
                 with
                 Fire
                 and
                 Sword
                 ,
                 he
                 only
                 spar'd
                 his
                 Farm.
                 And
                 the
                 crafty
                 act
                 of
                 kindness
                 had
                 taken
                 effect
                 ,
                 had
                 not
                 the
                 piety
                 of
                 Fabius
                 and
                 the
                 wily
                 tricks
                 of
                 Hannibal
                 bin
                 too
                 well
                 known
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Rome
                 .
              
               
               
                 9.
                 
                 The
                 Tusculans
                 also
                 sav'd
                 themselves
                 by
                 the
                 acuteness
                 of
                 their
                 Councils
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 by
                 their
                 frequent
                 Rebellions
                 they
                 merited
                 the
                 total
                 destruction
                 of
                 their
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 
                   Furius
                   Camillus
                
                 was
                 sent
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 purpose
                 with
                 a
                 very
                 powerful
                 Army
                 ,
                 they
                 all
                 came
                 forth
                 to
                 meet
                 him
                 in
                 their
                 Gowns
                 ,
                 bringing
                 him
                 provisions
                 ,
                 and
                 offering
                 him
                 all
                 other
                 acts
                 of
                 P●ace
                 and
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 while
                 their
                 Shops
                 were
                 open
                 as
                 at
                 other
                 times
                 .
                 By
                 which
                 Constancy
                 of
                 theirs
                 ,
                 they
                 not
                 only
                 obtain'd
                 our
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 but
                 became
                 also
                 incorporated
                 with
                 our
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 But
                 wicked
                 was
                 the
                 counsel
                 of
                 Tullus
                 ,
                 Captain
                 of
                 the
                 Volsci
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 eager
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 finding
                 after
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 several
                 Battles
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 own
                 People
                 began
                 to
                 encline
                 to
                 Peace
                 ;
                 by
                 a
                 subtile
                 way
                 of
                 reasoning
                 ,
                 made
                 'em
                 do
                 what
                 he
                 pleased
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 happening
                 that
                 a
                 great
                 multitude
                 of
                 the
                 Volsci
                 went
                 to
                 Rome
                 to
                 behold
                 the
                 Publick
                 Shews
                 ,
                 he
                 told
                 the
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 afraid
                 they
                 would
                 contrive
                 some
                 mischief
                 ,
                 being
                 so
                 numerous
                 ;
                 advis'd
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 careful
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 left
                 the
                 Ci●y
                 himself
                 .
                 This
                 the
                 Consuls
                 related
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 who
                 though
                 they
                 knew
                 no
                 reason
                 for
                 it
                 ,
                 yet
                 upon
                 
                 Tullus's
                 words
                 ,
                 voted
                 the
                 Volsci
                 to
                 depart
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 By
                 which
                 contempt
                 the
                 Volsci
                 incensed
                 were
                 easily
                 induced
                 to
                 Rebellion
                 .
                 Thus
                 with
                 a
                 Lye
                 ,
                 mask'd
                 in
                 Kindness
                 ,
                 did
                 a
                 cunning
                 Captain
                 deceive
                 two
                 Nations
                 :
                 The
                 Romans
                 being
                 moved
                 to
                 abuse
                 the
                 Innocent
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 deceived
                 Volsci
                 to
                 revenge
                 the
                 injury
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               IV.
               Of
               Stratagems
               .
            
             
               
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Tullus
                 Hostilius
                 King.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Sext.
                 Tarquinius
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 
                   The
                   besieged
                   in
                   the
                
                 Capitol
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 M.
                 Livius
                 and
                 C.
                 Claudius
                 ,
                 Consuls
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Q.
                 Metellus
                 
                   sirnamed
                   the
                
                 Macedonian
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Agathocles
                 
                   King
                   of
                
                 Syracuse
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Hannibal
                 .
              
            
             
               BUt
               this
               part
               of
               Subtilty
               is
               to
               be
               applauded
               ,
               as
               being
               free
               from
               all
               reproof
               :
               the
               acts
               whereof
               because
               we
               have
               no
               word
               to
               express
               ,
               we
               are
               forced
               to
               borrow
               the
               word
               Stratagem
               from
               the
               Greek
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               Fidene
               ,
               a
               City
               that
               kept
               the
               growing
               infancy
               of
               our
               City
               waking
               ,
               and
               nourishing
               her
               Vertue
               with
               neighbouring
               Trophies
               and
               Triumphs
               ,
               taught
               her
               to
               aspire
               farther
               ,
               was
               assail'd
               by
               
                 Tullus
                 Hostilius
              
               with
               all
               his
               forces
               .
               At
               that
               time
               
                 Metius
                 Suffetius
              
               ,
               in
               the
               field
               ,
               when
               the
               Battles
               were
               ready
               to
               joyn
               ,
               discover'd
               the
               falsity
               of
               his
               heart
               ,
               which
               he
               had
               a
               long
               time
               kept
               conceal'd
               .
               For
               leaving
               the
               wing
               of
               the
               Roman
               Army
               ,
               he
               drew
               off
               to
               a
               Hill
               ,
               where
               he
               resolv'd
               to
               be
               a
               Spectator
               rather
               than
               an
               Assistant
               ;
               intending
               either
               to
               triumph
               over
               the
               vanquish'd
               ,
               or
               to
               fall
               upon
               the
               weary
               Victors
               .
               No
               question
               but
               it
               discourag'd
               our
               Souldiers
               to
               see
               themselves
               forsaken
               by
               their
               Allies
               ,
               at
               the
               very
               time
               when
               they
               were
               going
               to
               fight
               their
               Enemies
               .
               To
               prevent
               which
               ,
               Tullus
               riding
               swiftly
               about
               the
               Battallions
               ,
               cryed
               out
               ,
               That
               Metius
               
                 had
                 a
                 drawn
                 off
                 by
                 his
                 
                 command
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 back
                 of
                 the
              
               Fidenates
               
                 when
                 he
                 gave
                 the
                 signe
              
               .
               And
               by
               that
               cunning
               of
               an
               expert
               General
               ,
               he
               chang'd
               their
               Fear
               into
               Confidence
               ,
               and
               fill'd
               their
               breasts
               with
               Chearfulness
               instead
               of
               Consternation
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               And
               that
               I
               may
               not
               pr●sently
               leave
               our
               Kings
               ;
               
                 Sextus
                 Tarquinius
              
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Tarquinius
               ,
               fretting
               to
               see
               that
               the
               Gabii
               could
               not
               be
               taken
               by
               his
               Father's
               Army
               ,
               found
               out
               a
               trick
               more
               powerful
               than
               Weapons
               themselves
               ,
               whereby
               he
               over-reach'd
               the
               Town
               ,
               and
               joyn'd
               it
               to
               the
               Roman
               Empire
               .
               For
               he
               betook
               himself
               to
               the
               Gabii
               ,
               counterfeiting
               himself
               to
               be
               fled
               from
               his
               Fathers
               stripes
               and
               severity
               .
               After
               that
               ,
               procuring
               the
               good
               will
               of
               every
               one
               by
               his
               kind
               and
               winning
               behaviour
               ,
               when
               he
               had
               won
               that
               ,
               he
               sent
               his
               Servant
               to
               his
               Father
               ,
               to
               tell
               him
               how
               he
               had
               every
               thing
               in
               his
               hands
               ,
               and
               to
               desire
               him
               to
               know
               what
               he
               should
               do
               .
               The
               old
               mans
               Craft
               was
               answerable
               to
               the
               youngs
               mans
               subtilty
               .
               For
               Tarquin
               pleased
               with
               the
               news
               ,
               yet
               not
               confiding
               in
               the
               Messenger
               ,
               return'd
               no
               answer
               ,
               but
               carrying
               him
               into
               the
               Garden
               ,
               strook
               of
               the
               heads
               of
               the
               highest
               and
               biggest
               Poppies
               ,
               with
               his
               Cane
               .
               The
               young
               man
               understanding
               his
               silence
               ,
               and
               what
               he
               had
               done
               ,
               concluded
               there
               was
               another
               meaning
               in
               the
               thing
               :
               which
               was
               ,
               that
               he
               should
               either
               banish
               or
               put
               to
               death
               all
               the
               Chief
               Heads
               of
               the
               Gabii
               .
               Whereby
               he
               deliver'd
               up
               the
               City
               empty
               of
               defenders
               ,
               and
               yet
               the
               peoples
               hands
               were
               not
               tyed
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Prudently
               also
               and
               prosperously
               was
               it
               provided
               by
               our
               Ancestors
               ,
               when
               our
               City
               being
               taken
               ,
               the
               Capitol
               was
               besieg'd
               by
               the
               Gauls
               ,
               who
               despair'd
               of
               taking
               it
               any
               other
               way
               than
               by
               famishing
               the
               besieg'd
               .
               For
               by
               how
               cunning
               an
               act
               of
               deliberation
               did
               they
               deprive
               the
               Victors
               of
               their
               only
               motive
               to
               that
               obstinacy
               ,
               by
               casting
               Loaves
               of
               Bread
               out
               of
               the
               Capitol
               
               into
               several
               parts
               of
               the
               Besiegers
               Line
               !
               At
               which
               sight
               they
               were
               so
               amaz'd
               and
               thought
               us
               to
               be
               so
               well
               stor'd
               that
               they
               were
               constrain'd
               to
               raise
               their
               Siege
               ,
               Certainly
               Iupiter
               himself
               took
               compassion
               of
               the
               Roman
               Courage
               ,
               which
               then
               borrow'd
               assistance
               from
               craft
               ;
               seeing
               them
               in
               the
               height
               of
               want
               ,
               to
               waste
               the
               support
               of
               Life
               :
               And
               therefore
               he
               prosper'd
               the
               cunning
               Stratagem
               with
               a
               prosperous
               event
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               The
               same
               Iupiter
               afterwards
               became
               propitious
               to
               the
               crafty
               Councils
               of
               our
               Captains
               .
               For
               when
               Hannibal
               harrassed
               one
               side
               of
               Italy
               ,
               and
               Asdrubal
               had
               invaded
               the
               other
               ;
               that
               the
               conjoyned
               forces
               of
               two
               Brothers
               might
               not
               too
               heavily
               and
               sorely
               oppress
               the
               already-too-weak
               condition
               of
               our
               affairs
               ,
               here
               
                 Claudius
                 Nero
              
               supply'd
               his
               vigorous
               Counsel
               ,
               there
               
                 Livius
                 Salinator
              
               providently
               provided
               .
               For
               Nero
               curbing
               Hannibal
               in
               the
               Province
               of
               the
               Lucans
               ,
               making
               a
               shew
               of
               still
               attending
               the
               Enemy
               (
               for
               so
               the
               reason
               of
               War
               requir'd
               )
               with
               long
               and
               speedy
               marches
               ha●tens
               to
               the
               assistance
               of
               his
               Colleague
               .
               Salinator
               being
               then
               in
               Vmbria
               by
               the
               River
               Metaurus
               ,
               and
               resolved
               to
               fight
               the
               next
               day
               ,
               with
               an
               extraordinary
               Policy
               received
               Nero
               by
               night
               .
               For
               he
               order'd
               the
               Tribunes
               to
               b●
               receiv'd
               by
               the
               Tribunes
               ,
               the
               Centurions
               by
               the
               Centurions
               ,
               the
               Ho●semen
               by
               the
               Horsemen
               ,
               the
               Foot
               by
               the
               Footmen
               ;
               and
               so
               without
               any
               tumult
               ,
               he
               i●grafted
               two
               Armies
               into
               one
               ,
               in
               the
               same
               ground
               that
               was
               hardly
               able
               to
               contain
               that
               which
               he
               had
               before
               .
               Whereby
               it
               hapned
               that
               Asdrubal
               knew
               not
               that
               he
               fought
               with
               two
               Consuls
               ,
               before
               he
               was
               by
               both
               overthrown
               .
               And
               thus
               was
               the
               Punic
               faith
               ,
               so
               infamous
               over
               all
               the
               world
               ,
               delud●d
               at
               its
               own
               Weapon
               :
               while
               the
               Roman
               Prudence
               deliver'd
               up
               Hannibal
               to
               the
               Wiles
               of
               
                 Nero
                 ,
                 Asdrubal
              
               to
               the
               D●c●it
               of
               Salinator
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Memorable
               also
               was
               the
               Counsel
               of
               
                 Q.
                 Metel●us
              
               ,
               who
               together
               with
               the
               Proconsul
               warring
               against
               the
               
               Celtiberians
               in
               Spain
               ,
               and
               finding
               himself
               too
               weak
               to
               force
               Contrebia
               the
               Metropolis
               of
               that
               Countrey
               ,
               revolving
               many
               thoughts
               in
               his
               minde
               ,
               at
               length
               he
               found
               a
               way
               to
               bring
               his
               business
               to
               perfection
               .
               He
               made
               tedious
               marches
               ,
               sometimes
               he
               fell
               upon
               this
               Province
               ,
               sometimes
               upon
               another
               ;
               sometimes
               he
               assail'd
               these
               Passages
               of
               the
               Mountains
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               others
               :
               and
               all
               this
               while
               ,
               as
               well
               his
               own
               Officers
               ,
               as
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               were
               amaz'd
               to
               see
               him
               whirl
               from
               one
               place
               to
               another
               in
               that
               manner
               .
               For
               which
               reason
               being
               ask'd
               by
               one
               of
               his
               intimate
               friends
               ,
               why
               he
               made
               such
               a
               loose
               and
               scatter'd
               kind
               of
               War
               ?
               
                 Forbear
                 to
                 enquire
              
               ,
               said
               he
               :
               
                 for
                 if
                 I
                 thought
                 my
                 shirt
                 knew
                 the
                 meaning
                 of
                 this
                 designe
                 of
                 mine
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 cause
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 burnt
                 .
              
               How
               far
               did
               this
               dissimulation
               extend
               ?
               Or
               what
               was
               the
               issue
               of
               it
               ?
               But
               when
               he
               had
               involv'd
               both
               his
               own
               Army
               and
               the
               Enemy
               in
               the
               same
               errour
               ,
               faining
               to
               march
               another
               way
               ,
               he
               suddainly
               turn'd
               back
               upon
               Contrebia
               ,
               and
               so
               supriz'd
               it
               unawares
               .
               So
               that
               if
               he
               had
               not
               suffer'd
               his
               thoughts
               to
               search
               after
               Wiles
               and
               Stratagems
               ,
               he
               might
               have
               lain
               before
               Contrebia
               all
               the
               days
               of
               his
               life
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusans
                 ,
                 was
                 boldly
                 cunning
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 had
                 possess'd
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 City
                 ,
                 he
                 transported
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Africa
                 ,
                 to
                 dispel
                 fear
                 by
                 fear
                 ,
                 and
                 force
                 by
                 force
                 ;
                 and
                 not
                 without
                 success
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 affrighted
                 at
                 his
                 suddain
                 coming
                 ,
                 willingly
                 redeem'd
                 their
                 own
                 security
                 by
                 the
                 safety
                 of
                 the
                 enemy
                 ;
                 So
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 agreed
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Africa
                 should
                 be
                 freed
                 from
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 and
                 Sicily
                 from
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
                 For
                 had
                 he
                 persever'd
                 to
                 preserve
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 still
                 vex'd
                 with
                 the
                 miseries
                 
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 while
                 Carthage
                 had
                 enjoyed
                 the
                 benefits
                 of
                 Peace
                 .
                 But
                 now
                 threatning
                 her
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 ruine
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 rather
                 invades
                 the
                 wealth
                 and
                 fortunes
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 than
                 defends
                 his
                 own
                 ;
                 the
                 more
                 justly
                 he
                 deserted
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 safely
                 he
                 receiv'd
                 it
                 again
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 What
                 did
                 Hannibal
                 at
                 the
                 Battle
                 of
                 Cannae
                 ?
                 Had
                 he
                 not
                 ensnar'd
                 the
                 Roman
                 Army
                 in
                 many
                 intanglements
                 of
                 subtle
                 Stratagem
                 ,
                 before
                 he
                 went
                 to
                 fight
                 ?
                 In
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 he
                 took
                 care
                 to
                 get
                 the
                 Sun
                 and
                 Wind
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 to
                 secure
                 himself
                 from
                 the
                 flying
                 of
                 the
                 Dust.
                 Then
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 time
                 of
                 fight
                 ,
                 he
                 caus'd
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 counterfeit
                 a
                 flight
                 ;
                 which
                 when
                 the
                 Roman
                 Legion
                 follow'd
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 divided
                 from
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 provided
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 cut
                 to
                 pieces
                 by
                 the
                 Ambush
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 laid
                 to
                 entrap
                 them
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 order'd
                 four
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 to
                 go
                 to
                 the
                 Consul
                 like
                 Revolters
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 commanded
                 to
                 lay
                 aside
                 their
                 Weapons
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 retire
                 into
                 the
                 Rear
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 drawing
                 their
                 Swords
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 privately
                 conceal'd
                 between
                 their
                 Vests
                 and
                 Armour
                 ,
                 cut
                 the
                 Hams
                 of
                 the
                 engaged
                 Romans
                 .
                 Thus
                 was
                 the
                 Punic
                 Fortitude
                 surnish'd
                 with
                 Deceit
                 ,
                 Ambushment
                 ,
                 and
                 Fallacy
                 .
                 Which
                 excuses
                 our
                 Courage
                 for
                 being
                 so
                 circumvented
                 :
                 Since
                 we
                 were
                 rather
                 deceiv'd
                 ,
                 than
                 overcome
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               V.
               Of
               Repulses
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Aelius
                 Tubero
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Scipio
                 Nasica
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Aemilius
                 Paulus
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Metellus
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Cornelius
                 Sylla
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Cato
                 of
                 Utica
                 .
              
            
             
               THe
               Condition
               of
               the
               Field
               of
               Mars
               well
               represented
               ,
               may
               also
               instruct
               the
               ambitious
               more
               strenuously
               to
               sustain
               the
               less
               prosperous
               events
               of
               the
               Elections
               .
               While
               the
               repulses
               of
               eminent
               and
               famous
               men
               being
               set
               before
               their
               eyes
               ,
               they
               may
               stand
               for
               honour
               not
               with
               less
               hope
               than
               judicious
               ones
               of
               mind
               ;
               and
               may
               remember
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               no
               crime
               for
               something
               to
               be
               deny'd
               by
               all
               to
               one
               man
               ,
               when
               sometimes
               single
               persons
               have
               thought
               it
               lawful
               to
               resist
               the
               wills
               of
               all
               .
               Knowing
               that
               what
               cannot
               be
               obtained
               by
               Favour
               ,
               must
               be
               sought
               by
               Patience
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 Q.
                 Aelius
                 Tubero
              
               being
               desired
               to
               spread
               the
               Dining-Chamber
               by
               
                 Fabius
                 Maximus
              
               ,
               who
               was
               to
               feast
               the
               people
               in
               the
               name
               of
               
                 P.
                 Africanus
              
               his
               Uncle
               ,
               spread
               the
               Punic
               Beds
               with
               the
               Skins
               of
               Kids
               ;
               and
               instead
               of
               Silver
               Dishes
               ,
               brought
               forth
               Samian
               .
               By
               which
               unseemliness
               he
               so
               offended
               all
               the
               company
               ,
               that
               when
               he
               stood
               for
               Praetor
               ,
               depending
               upon
               
                 L.
                 Paulus
              
               his
               Grandfather
               ,
               and
               
                 P.
                 Africanus
              
               his
               Uncle
               ,
               he
               was
               forc'd
               to
               suffer
               the
               shame
               of
               a
               repulse
               .
               For
               though
               privately
               they
               appr●●ed
               thriftiness
               ,
               yet
               publickly
               they
               were
               very
               curious
               to
               be
               splendid
               .
               And
               therefore
               the
               City
               ,
               not
               believing
               the
               Guests
               of
               one
               Banquet
               ,
               but
               that
               all
               her
               Inhabitants
               had
               layn
               upon
               
               Goat-skins
               ,
               reveng'd
               the
               discredit
               of
               the
               Banquet
               ,
               by
               the
               shame
               of
               not
               giving
               him
               their
               voices
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               
                 Pub.
                 Scipio
                 Nasica
              
               ,
               the
               glory
               of
               the
               Gown
               ,
               who
               being
               Consul
               pronounced
               War
               against
               Iugurth
               ,
               whose
               holy
               hands
               receiv'd
               the
               Idaean
               Matron
               ,
               leaving
               Phrygia
               to
               grace
               our
               Altars
               and
               our
               Habitations
               ;
               who
               by
               the
               strength
               of
               his
               authority
               suppress'd
               many
               fatal
               Seditions
               ;
               who
               was
               Prince
               of
               the
               Senate
               for
               many
               years
               :
               when
               he
               was
               a
               young
               man
               ,
               and
               stood
               to
               be
               the
               Aedil
               in
               the
               Running-chair
               ,
               took
               a
               certain
               person
               by
               the
               hand
               ,
               whom
               he
               grasp'd
               with
               his
               own
               ,
               and
               finding
               his
               friends
               hand
               to
               be
               hard'ned
               with
               labour
               ,
               he
               asked
               him
               ,
               whether
               he
               us'd
               to
               walk
               upon
               his
               hands
               .
               Which
               question
               being
               heard
               by
               the
               standers
               by
               ,
               came
               to
               be
               in
               the
               mouths
               of
               all
               the
               People
               ,
               and
               occasion'd
               Scipio
               to
               be
               repuls'd
               .
               For
               all
               the
               People
               thinking
               he
               had
               upbraided
               them
               with
               the
               poverty
               of
               the
               Rustick
               Tribe
               ,
               discharg'd
               their
               anger
               upon
               his
               contumelious
               Jeast
               .
               Thus
               our
               City
               ,
               by
               recall●ng
               the
               Wits
               of
               the
               Noble
               Youth
               from
               Insolence
               ,
               made
               many
               and
               profitable
               Citizens
               ;
               and
               added
               the
               due
               weight
               to
               honour
               ,
               not
               suffering
               them
               to
               be
               sought
               for
               by
               those
               that
               were
               secure
               of
               them
               beforehand
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               There
               was
               no
               such
               Errour
               to
               be
               found
               in
               
                 Aemilius
                 Paulus
              
               ;
               and
               yet
               sometimes
               he
               stood
               for
               the
               Consulship
               in
               vain
               .
               However
               ,
               the
               sarne
               person
               ,
               when
               he
               had
               wearied
               the
               field
               with
               his
               repulses
               ,
               being
               afterwards
               made
               twice
               Consul
               and
               Censor
               ,
               arriv'd
               to
               the
               highest
               degree
               of
               Honour
               .
               Whose
               Vertue
               injuries
               did
               not
               break
               ,
               but
               sharpen
               ;
               for
               being
               incens'd
               at
               the
               dishonour
               ,
               he
               carried
               to
               the
               field
               a
               more
               eager
               desire
               of
               the
               Supreme
               Dignity
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               overcome
               the
               People
               by
               his
               persevera●ce
               ,
               since
               he
               could
               not
               stir
               them
               by
               the
               splendour
               of
               his
               Nobility
               ,
               and
               the
               endowments
               of
               his
               Minde
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               Only
               a
               few
               ,
               and
               those
               disconsolate
               Friends
               ,
               accompanied
               
               
                 Quint.
                 Caecilius
              
               home
               ,
               asham'd
               and
               full
               of
               grief
               ,
               whom
               afterwards
               the
               whole
               Senate
               and
               People
               follow'd
               brisk
               and
               jovial
               to
               the
               Capitol
               ,
               having
               triumph'd
               over
               the
               false
               Philip.
               The
               greatest
               part
               also
               of
               the
               Achaean
               War
               ,
               to
               which
               Mummius
               lent
               his
               helping
               hand
               ,
               was
               compleated
               by
               this
               person
               .
               Could
               the
               people
               then
               deny
               the
               Consulship
               to
               him
               ,
               to
               whom
               they
               owed
               ,
               or
               were
               likely
               to
               owe
               two
               most
               famous
               Provinces
               ?
               And
               yet
               that
               act
               made
               him
               a
               better
               Citizen
               ;
               for
               he
               thought
               he
               was
               to
               carry
               himself
               the
               more
               industriously
               in
               that
               Consulship
               which
               he
               found
               so
               hard
               to
               be
               obtain'd
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Who
               more
               powerful
               ,
               who
               more
               opulent
               than
               
                 L.
                 Sylla
              
               ?
               He
               dispos'd
               of
               Empires
               and
               Kingdomes
               ;
               he
               abrogated
               old
               Laws
               ,
               and
               made
               new
               ;
               and
               yet
               in
               that
               field
               of
               which
               he
               was
               afterwards
               Master
               ,
               he
               lost
               the
               Praetorship
               which
               he
               stood
               for
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               But
               to
               relate
               the
               greatest
               crime
               of
               the
               Elections
               ,
               
                 M.
                 Portius
                 Cato
              
               ,
               who
               was
               more
               likely
               to
               grace
               the
               Praetorship
               with
               the
               gravity
               of
               his
               manners
               ,
               than
               to
               receive
               addition
               of
               splendour
               from
               it
               ,
               could
               not
               once
               obtain
               it
               at
               the
               peoples
               hands
               .
               Voices
               of
               Madmen
               ,
               how
               well
               were
               they
               paid
               for
               the
               errour
               they
               committed
               !
               For
               the
               honour
               which
               they
               denied
               to
               Cato
               ,
               they
               were
               forced
               to
               give
               to
               Vatinius
               .
               And
               therefore
               to
               speak
               the
               truth
               ,
               the
               Praetorship
               was
               not
               then
               denied
               to
               Cato
               ,
               but
               Cato
               was
               denied
               to
               the
               Praetorship
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VI.
               Of
               Necessity
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   The
                   People
                   of
                
                 Rome
                 
                   after
                   the
                   overthrow
                   at
                
                 Cannae
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 Casilinates
                 
                   in
                   their
                   Siege
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 Praenestines
                 besieged
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   The
                   People
                   of
                
                 Rome
                 
                   in
                   the
                   Wars
                   of
                
                 Marius
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 C.
                 Caesar
                 at
                 Munda
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 The
                 Asiaticks
                 
                   in
                   the
                
                 Parthian
                 War.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Cretans
                 
                   besieged
                   by
                
                 Q.
                 Metellus
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 Numantines
                 
                   besieged
                   by
                
                 P.
                 Scipio
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 Calaguritans
                 .
              
            
             
               MOst
               bitter
               are
               the
               Laws
               of
               abominable
               Necessity
               ,
               and
               most
               severe
               her
               Commands
               ,
               which
               have
               compell'd
               not
               only
               our
               City
               ,
               but
               also
               forraign
               Nations
               to
               suffer
               many
               things
               grievous
               ,
               not
               only
               to
               the
               understanding
               ,
               but
               also
               to
               the
               hearing
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               For
               in
               the
               Second
               Puni●
               War
               ,
               the
               Youth
               of
               Rome
               being
               exhausted
               ,
               the
               Senate
               ,
               at
               the
               motion
               of
               
                 Titus
                 Gracchus
              
               Consul
               elect
               ,
               order'd
               ,
               that
               Servants
               might
               be
               publickly
               bought
               ,
               to
               serve
               against
               the
               Enemy
               .
               Which
               being
               reported
               by
               the
               Tribunes
               to
               the
               people
               ,
               three
               persons
               were
               chosen
               out
               to
               buy
               four
               and
               twenty
               thousand
               Servants
               ;
               who
               swearing
               them
               to
               be
               true
               ,
               faithful
               and
               courageous
               ,
               while
               the
               Carthaginians
               continued
               in
               Italy
               ,
               sent
               them
               away
               to
               the
               Camp.
               Out
               of
               Apulia
               also
               and
               the
               Territories
               of
               Fidicule
               two
               hundr●d
               and
               seventy
               Horsemen
               were
               bought
               to
               supply
               the
               Horse
               .
               How
               great
               is
               the
               violence
               of
               bitter
               Chance
               !
               That
               City
               which
               till
               that
               
               time
               loath'd
               to
               have
               Souldiers
               whose
               heads
               were
               never
               tax'd
               ,
               that
               very
               City
               is
               now
               constrain'd
               to
               hale
               the
               bodies
               of
               Slaves
               from
               their
               servile
               dens
               ,
               and
               Freemen
               from
               the
               Cottages
               of
               Shepherds
               ,
               to
               be
               the
               chief
               strength
               of
               their
               Army
               .
               Generous
               spirits
               therefore
               must
               sometimes
               give
               way
               to
               convenience
               ,
               and
               submit
               to
               the
               power
               of
               Fortune
               ,
               where
               he
               that
               chooses
               not
               the
               safest
               Counsel
               ,
               yields
               to
               him
               that
               follows
               the
               most
               specious
               Advice
               .
               But
               the
               slaughter
               of
               Cannae
               so
               amaz'd
               our
               City
               ,
               that
               by
               the
               industry
               of
               
                 Marcus
                 Iunius
              
               ,
               then
               ordering
               the
               affairs
               of
               the
               Common-wealth
               as
               Dictator
               ,
               the
               spoils
               of
               the
               Enemies
               fix'd
               in
               the
               Temples
               consecrated
               to
               the
               Gods
               ,
               were
               taken
               down
               for
               the
               service
               of
               the
               Wars
               ,
               and
               the
               youth
               of
               the
               Nobility
               were
               forced
               to
               take
               Arms
               ;
               and
               six
               Thousand
               condemn'd
               persons
               were
               also
               listed
               out
               of
               necessity
               .
               Which
               things
               consider'd
               in
               themselves
               ,
               seem
               to
               look
               somewhat
               odly
               ;
               but
               weighed
               in
               the
               balance
               of
               necessity
               ,
               they
               appear
               to
               be
               helps
               fit
               for
               the
               severity
               of
               the
               times
               .
               By
               reason
               of
               the
               same
               Overthrow
               ,
               the
               Senate
               wrote
               back
               in
               answer
               to
               Otacilius
               and
               
                 Cornelius
                 Mammula
              
               ,
               the
               one
               Propraetor
               of
               Sicily
               ,
               the
               other
               of
               Sardignia
               ,
               who
               both
               complain'd
               that
               they
               had
               neither
               Money
               nor
               Provisions
               for
               their
               Armies
               ,
               That
               they
               had
               not
               Money
               in
               the
               Treasury
               for
               distant
               expences
               ,
               and
               therefore
               bid
               them
               take
               the
               best
               course
               they
               could
               to
               provide
               for
               themselves
               .
               Whereby
               the
               Senate
               put
               the
               Government
               quite
               out
               of
               their
               own
               hands
               ,
               and
               abandon'd
               Sicily
               and
               Sardignia
               ,
               two
               the
               kindest
               Nurses
               of
               our
               City
               ,
               the
               strength
               and
               support
               of
               their
               Wars
               ,
               subdu'd
               with
               so
               much
               blood
               and
               sweat
               ,
               in
               a
               few
               words
               ,
               to
               the
               severe
               command
               of
               Necessity
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               Casilinates
               wanting
               Victuals
               ,
               and
               being
               closely
               besieg'd
               by
               Hannibal
               ,
               took
               all
               the
               Leathern
               Thongs
               from
               their
               necessary
               uses
               ,
               and
               the
               Leather
               
               Covers
               from
               their
               Targets
               ,
               and
               boyling
               them
               in
               water
               were
               forc'd
               to
               feed
               upon
               them
               .
               Consider
               but
               the
               bitterness
               of
               the
               Calamity
               ,
               and
               what
               could
               be
               more
               miserable
               ?
               If
               you
               consider
               their
               Constancy
               ,
               what
               greater
               mark
               of
               Fidelity
               ?
               Who
               rather
               than
               they
               would
               desert
               the
               Romans
               ,
               maintain'd
               themselves
               with
               such
               a
               sort
               of
               Diet
               ,
               when
               such
               fat
               Fields
               ,
               and
               such
               a
               fertile
               Soyl
               ,
               joyn'd
               so
               close
               to
               their
               Walls
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               When
               that
               Town
               was
               so
               besieg'd
               ,
               and
               so
               faithfully
               held
               out
               ,
               it
               hapned
               that
               one
               among
               Three
               Hundred
               Praenestines
               having
               taken
               a
               Mouse
               ,
               would
               rather
               fell
               it
               for
               Two
               Hundred
               Denaries
               ,
               than
               eat
               it
               himself
               ,
               notwithstanding
               the
               famishing
               condition
               he
               was
               in
               .
               But
               Providence
               allotted
               both
               to
               the
               Buyer
               and
               the
               Seller
               ,
               the
               end
               which
               they
               both
               deserv'd
               .
               For
               the
               covetous
               person
               being
               starv'd
               to
               death
               ,
               enjoy'd
               not
               the
               spoils
               of
               his
               Avarice
               ;
               but
               he
               that
               was
               at
               so
               great
               an
               expence
               for
               his
               own
               preservation
               ,
               though
               he
               bought
               it
               dear
               ,
               yet
               since
               it
               was
               out
               of
               Necessity
               ,
               liv'd
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               In
               the
               Consulship
               of
               
                 C.
                 Marius
              
               and
               
                 Cn.
                 Carbo
              
               ,
               who
               contended
               in
               a
               Civil
               War
               with
               Sylla
               ,
               and
               at
               what
               time
               the
               Commonwealth
               did
               not
               seek
               for
               Victory
               ,
               but
               that
               the
               Publick
               was
               to
               be
               the
               Victors
               reward
               ;
               by
               a
               Decree
               of
               the
               Senate
               ,
               the
               Gold
               and
               Silver
               Ornaments
               of
               the
               Temples
               were
               melted
               down
               ,
               to
               pay
               the
               Souldiers
               .
               For
               it
               was
               a
               worthy
               contention
               ,
               whether
               the
               one
               should
               be
               permitted
               to
               satiate
               his
               Cruelty
               with
               the
               banishment
               of
               the
               Citizens
               ,
               or
               whether
               the
               Immortal
               Gods
               should
               be
               rob'd
               .
               But
               it
               was
               not
               the
               will
               of
               the
               Conscript
               Fathers
               ,
               but
               thine
               ,
               Dire
               Necessity
               ,
               that
               occasion'd
               that
               order
               to
               be
               made
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               When
               the
               divine
               
               Iulius's
               Army
               besieged
               Munda
               ,
               and
               that
               they
               wanted
               ma●ter
               to
               raise
               their
               Battery
               ,
               that
               they
               made
               up
               the
               height
               ,
               which
               they
               wanted
               ,
               with
               the
               Bodies
               of
               dead
               Men.
               And
               because
               they
               wanted
               Stakes
               ,
               they
               drave
               in
               their
               Piles
               ,
               and
               French-Darts
               
               to
               strengthen
               'em
               ,
               Necessity
               teaching
               them
               a
               new
               way
               of
               Fortification
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               And
               that
               I
               may
               adde
               the
               heavenly
               mention
               of
               the
               Son
               ,
               to
               the
               remembrance
               of
               the
               celestial
               Father
               ;
               when
               Phraates
               King
               of
               the
               Parthians
               threatned
               to
               break
               in
               upon
               our
               Provinces
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               adjoyning
               Regions
               were
               terrified
               at
               the
               news
               of
               their
               coming
               ,
               there
               was
               such
               a
               Famine
               in
               the
               Region
               of
               Bosphorus
               ,
               that
               the
               Souldiers
               exchang'd
               so
               many
               Slaves
               for
               a
               single
               Vessel
               of
               Oyle
               ,
               and
               so
               many
               Slaves
               for
               a
               Bushel
               of
               Wheat
               .
               But
               the
               care
               of
               Augustus
               ,
               under
               whose
               Protection
               the
               world
               then
               was
               ,
               soon
               provided
               a
               Remedy
               for
               that
               Calamity
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Cretans
                 had
                 no
                 such
                 help
                 :
                 who
                 being
                 besieged
                 by
                 Metellus
                 ,
                 and
                 reduced
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 Extremity
                 ,
                 rather
                 tormented
                 than
                 quench'd
                 their
                 thirst
                 with
                 their
                 own
                 and
                 the
                 Urine
                 of
                 their
                 Cattle
                 .
                 For
                 fearing
                 to
                 be
                 overcome
                 ,
                 they
                 suffer'd
                 that
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Victors
                 would
                 not
                 have
                 forced
                 them
                 to
                 have
                 endur'd
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 Numantines
                 being
                 besieged
                 by
                 Scipio
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 had
                 consum'd
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 were
                 constrain'd
                 to
                 feed
                 upon
                 Mans-flesh
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 when
                 their
                 City
                 was
                 taken
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 found
                 with
                 the
                 joynts
                 and
                 members
                 of
                 the
                 slain
                 in
                 their
                 bosomes
                 .
                 But
                 Necessity
                 has
                 no
                 excuse
                 for
                 this
                 ,
                 for
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 necessity
                 for
                 them
                 to
                 live
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 it
                 was
                 so
                 lawful
                 to
                 dye
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 But
                 the
                 horrid
                 impiety
                 of
                 the
                 Calagurritans
                 exceeded
                 the
                 obstinacy
                 of
                 the
                 former
                 :
                 who
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 they
                 might
                 appear
                 the
                 more
                 faithful
                 to
                 the
                 ashes
                 of
                 the
                 slain
                 〈◊〉
                 ,
                 being
                 besieg'd
                 by
                 Pompey
                 ,
                 having
                 devoured
                 all
                 other
                 creatures
                 in
                 their
                 City
                 ,
                 fell
                 to
                 feast
                 
                 upon
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 the
                 Armed
                 Youth
                 might
                 nourish
                 their
                 Bowels
                 with
                 their
                 own
                 bowels
                 the
                 longer
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 afraid
                 to
                 salt
                 up
                 the
                 unfortunate
                 remainders
                 of
                 the
                 dead
                 bodies
                 .
                 Think
                 you
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 an
                 exhortation
                 prevalent
                 enough
                 in
                 the
                 field
                 ,
                 to
                 exhort
                 such
                 Souldiers
                 to
                 fight
                 for
                 the
                 safety
                 of
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 ?
                 It
                 had
                 bin
                 more
                 proper
                 for
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Captain
                 to
                 have
                 punisht
                 such
                 an
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 seek
                 for
                 Victory
                 .
                 For
                 Revenge
                 would
                 have
                 purchased
                 them
                 more
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 than
                 Victory
                 could
                 win
                 them
                 Honour
                 ;
                 in
                 comparison
                 of
                 whom
                 Serpents
                 and
                 wild
                 beasts
                 were
                 gentle
                 and
                 merciful
                 creatures
                 .
                 For
                 those
                 dear
                 pledges
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 dearer
                 to
                 them
                 than
                 their
                 lives
                 themselves
                 ,
                 were
                 the
                 Dinners
                 and
                 Suppers
                 of
                 the
                 Catagurritans
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               VII
               .
               Of
               Wills
               cancell'd
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   A
                   Father
                   that
                   disinherited
                   his
                   Son.
                   
                
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 M.
                 Anneius
                 Carscolanus
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 C.
                 Tettius
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Sulpitia
                 
                   the
                   mother
                   of
                   the
                
                 Trachali
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Terentius
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Naevianus
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Juventius
                 .
              
            
             
               Let
               us
               now
               go
               to
               that
               sort
               of
               business
               ,
               which
               among
               all
               the
               actions
               of
               Men
               ,
               is
               the
               last
               thing
               done
               ,
               and
               their
               chiefest
               care
               :
               And
               let
               us
               consider
               ,
               what
               Wills
               have
               bin
               cancell'd
               after
               they
               were
               legally
               made
               ;
               or
               might
               have
               bin
               cancell'd
               when
               they
               stood
               firm
               ,
               and
               transferr'd
               the
               honour
               of
               Inheritance
               to
               others
               than
               those
               that
               expected
               it
               .
            
             
             
               1.
               
               Which
               that
               I
               may
               do
               according
               to
               the
               order
               which
               I
               have
               proposed
               ,
               I
               will
               begin
               with
               the
               Father
               of
               a
               certain
               Souldier
               ,
               who
               hearing
               a
               false
               report
               of
               the
               death
               of
               his
               Son
               from
               the
               Camp
               ,
               made
               other
               Heirs
               in
               his
               Will
               ,
               and
               died
               .
               The
               Youngman
               returning
               home
               after
               the
               war
               Was
               ended
               ,
               found
               the
               dores
               shut
               against
               him
               ,
               by
               the
               errour
               of
               his
               Father
               ,
               and
               the
               impudence
               of
               his
               Friends
               .
               For
               how
               could
               they
               shew
               themselves
               more
               shameless
               than
               they
               did
               ?
               The
               Souldier
               had
               spent
               the
               flower
               of
               his
               youth
               in
               his
               Countries
               Service
               ,
               had
               undergone
               most
               dreadful
               Labours
               and
               Dangers
               ,
               shewed
               the
               Wounds
               which
               he
               had
               received
               in
               Battle
               ,
               and
               only
               begg'd
               that
               lazy
               Drones
               ,
               a
               very
               burthen
               to
               the
               very
               City
               it self
               ,
               might
               not
               possess
               his
               Ancestors
               Inheritance
               .
               Therefore
               laying
               aside
               his
               Armes
               ,
               he
               was
               forced
               to
               commence
               a
               Gown-war
               in
               the
               Court
               of
               Justice
               .
               A
               hard
               case
               ,
               while
               he
               is
               forc'd
               to
               contend
               for
               his
               Fathers
               estate
               with
               wicked
               Heirs
               before
               the
               Centumviri
               ;
               though
               they
               could
               not
               choose
               but
               give
               their
               Opinions
               for
               him
               ,
               while
               the
               Sentence
               of
               the
               Court
               gave
               him
               the
               day
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               
                 Marcus
                 Anneius
              
               the
               Son
               of
               
                 M.
                 Carseolanus
              
               ,
               a
               famous
               Roman
               Knight
               ,
               adopted
               by
               Sufenas
               his
               Uncle
               ,
               cancell'd
               his
               Fathers
               Will
               ,
               who
               had
               left
               him
               out
               of
               it
               ,
               by
               the
               Sentence
               of
               the
               Centumviri
               ,
               before
               whom
               he
               tryed
               the
               Cause
               ;
               though
               Tullianus
               ,
               the
               familiar
               Friend
               of
               Pompey
               the
               Great
               ,
               who
               was
               a
               witness
               to
               it
               ,
               were
               made
               Heir
               .
               Therefore
               he
               had
               more
               to
               do
               with
               the
               power
               of
               a
               person
               potent
               in
               Court
               ,
               than
               with
               the
               ashes
               of
               his
               Father
               .
               Yet
               though
               both
               did
               what
               they
               could
               to
               hinder
               him
               ,
               he
               obtain'd
               his
               fathers
               Goods
               .
               For
               
                 L.
                 Sextilius
              
               ,
               and
               
                 P.
                 Popilius
              
               ,
               whom
               
                 M.
                 Anneius
              
               ,
               as
               being
               his
               nearest
               Relations
               ,
               had
               made
               Heirs
               of
               the
               same
               part
               which
               was
               given
               to
               Tullianus
               ,
               durst
               not
               contend
               by
               their
               Otahs
               with
               the
               young
               man.
               Though
               they
               might
               have
               bin
               sent
               for
               at
               that
               time
               by
               the
               
               highest
               Authorities
               then
               in
               being
               ,
               to
               have
               defended
               the
               Will.
               And
               it
               was
               some
               pretence
               of
               the
               Heirs
               ,
               that
               
                 M.
                 Auneius
              
               was
               translated
               into
               the
               Family
               of
               Sufenas
               .
               But
               the
               strong
               tye
               of
               procreation
               overcame
               both
               the
               Fathers
               Will
               ,
               and
               the
               Authority
               of
               so
               great
               a
               Personage
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               
                 C.
                 Tettius
              
               ,
               an
               Infant
               born
               of
               Petronia
               the
               Wife
               of
               Tettius
               as
               long
               as
               he
               liv'd
               ,
               being
               disinherited
               by
               his
               Father
               ,
               was
               restored
               to
               his
               Inheritance
               by
               the
               Decree
               of
               the
               divine
               Augustus
               ,
               doing
               like
               a
               Father
               of
               his
               Countrey
               :
               In
               regard
               that
               Tettius
               had
               so
               unjustly
               abrogated
               the
               paternal
               Name
               ,
               by
               giving
               away
               his
               estate
               from
               a
               Son
               ,
               so
               legally
               born
               to
               his
               own
               Right
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               Septicia
               also
               ,
               the
               Mother
               of
               the
               Trachali
               of
               Ariminum
               ,
               being
               angry
               with
               his
               Sons
               ,
               out
               of
               spite
               when
               she
               was
               now
               past
               child-bearing
               married
               Publicius
               an
               old
               man
               ,
               and
               left
               both
               her
               Children
               out
               of
               her
               Will.
               Who
               appealing
               to
               the
               divine
               August●●
               ,
               he
               disapprov'd
               both
               the
               Marriage
               ,
               and
               disannul'd
               the
               Will.
               For
               he
               that
               the
               Sons
               should
               have
               their
               Mothers
               estate
               ,
               and
               commanded
               the
               Husband
               to
               restore
               her
               Dower
               ;
               because
               she
               did
               not
               marry
               out
               of
               hopes
               of
               having
               Children
               .
               I●
               Justice
               her self
               had
               given
               sentence
               in
               this
               case
               ,
               could
               she
               have
               pronounc'd
               a
               juster
               Sentence
               ?
               Thou
               despisest
               those
               whom
               tho●
               hast
               begot
               ;
               thou
               marriest
               past
               Child-bearing
               ;
               tho●
               breakest
               the
               order
               of
               Wills
               out
               of
               a
               violent
               humo●●
               and
               dost
               not
               blush
               to
               give
               all
               thy
               Patrimony
               to
               ●
               person
               ,
               to
               whose
               feeble
               body
               thou
               hast
               prostitute●
               thy
               old
               Age.
               And
               therefore
               ,
               while
               thou
               thus
               b●
               havest
               thy self
               ,
               thou
               art
               cast
               down
               to
               Hell
               by
               th●
               voice
               of
               heavenly
               Thunder
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Famous
               is
               the
               Constitution
               of
               
                 C.
                 C●lp●rui●
                 Piso
              
               ,
               Praetor
               of
               the
               City
               .
               For
               when
               Terentius
               complain'd
               before
               him
               ,
               together
               with
               his
               eight
               Sons
               whom
               he
               had
               bred
               up
               to
               be
               men
               ,
               that
               one
               of
               his
               So●
               
               whom
               he
               had
               parted
               with
               in
               Adoption
               ,
               had
               disinherited
               him
               ;
               gave
               him
               the
               po●●●ssion
               of
               the
               young
               mans
               estate
               ,
               and
               would
               not
               suffer
               the
               Heirs
               to
               go
               to
               Law.
               The
               Paternal
               Majesty
               of
               the
               man
               mov'd
               Calpurnius
               doubtless
               ,
               together
               with
               the
               gift
               of
               Life
               ,
               and
               the
               benefit
               of
               Education
               :
               but
               that
               which
               more
               moved
               him
               ,
               was
               the
               number
               of
               his
               other
               Children
               that
               stood
               by
               ,
               seeing
               seven
               Brothers
               and
               a
               Father
               disinherited
               by
               one
               Child
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               How
               prudent
               was
               the
               Decree
               of
               
                 Mamercus
                 Aemilius
                 Lepidus
              
               the
               Consul
               !
               Genucius
               ,
               a
               certain
               Priest
               of
               Cybele
               ,
               besought
               the
               Praetor
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               
                 Cn.
                 Orestes
              
               ,
               that
               the
               goods
               of
               Naevianus
               might
               be
               restor'd
               to
               him
               ,
               the
               poss●ssion
               whereof
               he
               had
               by
               Will
               obtain'd
               .
               Mamercus
               being
               thereupon
               appeal'd
               to
               by
               Surdinius
               ,
               whose
               Freed-man
               had
               left
               Genucius
               his
               Heir
               ,
               disannull'd
               the
               Praetors
               Sentence
               ,
               saying
               ,
               That
               Genucius
               ,
               
                 who
                 had
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 accord
                 suffered
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 g●lt
              
               (
               for
               so
               are
               all
               the
               Priests
               of
               
                 Cybele
                 )
                 was
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 reckon'd
                 either
                 a
                 man
                 or
                 woman
                 .
              
               A
               Decree
               befitting
               Mamercus
               ,
               befitting
               the
               Prince
               of
               the
               Senate
               ;
               whereby
               he
               provided
               that
               the
               Tribunals
               of
               Magistrates
               should
               not
               be
               polluted
               by
               the
               obscene
               presence
               ,
               and
               scandalous
               voice
               of
               Eunuchs
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               
                 Q.
                 Metellus
              
               was
               a
               much
               more
               severe
               Praetor
               than
               Orestes
               :
               Who
               would
               not
               give
               Vecilius
               ,
               the
               Pandar
               the
               possession
               of
               the
               Goods
               of
               Iuventius
               ,
               left
               him
               by
               Will.
               For
               that
               noble
               and
               grave
               Personage
               did
               not
               think
               the
               condition
               of
               a
               Court
               of
               Judicature
               and
               a
               Brothel-house
               to
               be
               the
               same
               .
               Neither
               would
               he
               approve
               the
               fact
               of
               that
               man
               ,
               who
               had
               thrown
               away
               his
               estate
               upon
               an
               unclean
               stable
               ;
               nor
               give
               the
               same
               right
               to
               one
               that
               made
               a
               publick
               profession
               of
               Dishonesty
               ,
               as
               to
               a
               Citizen
               of
               a
               good
               Conversation
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VIII
               .
               Of
               Testaments
               confirm'd
               ,
               and
               unlookt
               for
               Inheritances
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Sempronius
                 Tuditanus
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Aebucia
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Q
                 Metellus
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Brother
                   of
                
                 Pompeius
                 of
                 Rhegium
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 Q.
                 Caecilus
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 T.
                 Marius
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Valerius
                 Heptachordus
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 T.
                 Barrulus
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 M.
                 Popilius
                 .
              
            
             
               HAving
               contended
               our selves
               with
               these
               Examples
               of
               cancell'd
               Wills
               ,
               let
               us
               give
               a
               hint
               upon
               those
               that
               have
               remain'd
               confirm'd
               ,
               when
               there
               was
               cause
               enough
               for
               them
               to
               have
               bin
               cancell'd
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               How
               publickly
               and
               scandalously
               was
               Tuditanus
               noted
               for
               a
               madman
               !
               being
               one
               that
               threw
               his
               Money
               among
               the
               People
               ,
               and
               trayl'd
               his
               Cloak
               after
               him
               in
               the
               Forum
               ,
               as
               if
               it
               had
               bin
               the
               garment
               of
               a
               Tragedian
               ;
               so
               that
               he
               was
               the
               laughter
               of
               all
               that
               beheld
               him
               ,
               besides
               many
               other
               pranks
               of
               the
               same
               nature
               which
               they
               beheld
               .
               He
               made
               his
               Son
               Heir
               by
               his
               Will
               :
               which
               
                 T.
                 Longus
              
               by
               the
               Judgment
               of
               the
               Centumviri
               in
               vain
               endeavour'd
               to
               have
               disannull'd
               ,
               as
               being
               next
               of
               kin
               .
               For
               the
               Centumviri
               thought
               it
               more
               proper
               to
               consider
               what
               was
               written
               in
               the
               Will
               ,
               than
               who
               had
               wrote
               it
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               conversation
               of
               Tuditanus
               was
               Frantick
               ▪
               but
               Aebucia
               ,
               who
               was
               the
               wife
               of
               
                 L.
                 Menenius
                 Agrippa
              
               .
               made
               a
               Will
               that
               as
               Madness
               it self
               .
               For
               having
               two
               Daughters
               of
               equal
               vertue
               ,
               Plaetoria
               and
               Afrania
               ,
               through
               the
               inclination
               of
               her
               own
               minde
               ,
               rather
               
               than
               for
               any
               offence
               or
               miscarriage
               ,
               she
               only
               made
               Plaetoria
               her
               Heir
               :
               and
               to
               the
               Children
               of
               Afrania
               ,
               out
               of
               her
               vast
               Patrimony
               ,
               she
               left
               only
               twenty
               thousand
               pieces
               of
               Money
               .
               However
               Afrania
               would
               not
               contend
               by
               Oath
               with
               her
               Sister
               ,
               rather
               choosing
               patiently
               to
               honour
               her
               Mothers
               Will
               ,
               than
               to
               violate
               it
               in
               Court
               ;
               shewing
               her self
               thereby
               so
               much
               the
               more
               unworthy
               the
               Injury
               done
               her
               ,
               by
               how
               much
               the
               more
               patiently
               she
               bore
               it
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               
                 Q.
                 Metellus
              
               committed
               a
               womanish
               errour
               ,
               less
               to
               be
               admir'd
               ,
               For
               he
               ,
               though
               there
               were
               several
               eminent
               and
               famous
               young
               men
               ,
               of
               the
               same
               name
               ,
               living
               in
               our
               City
               at
               the
               same
               time
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               Family
               of
               the
               Claudii
               ,
               to
               whom
               he
               was
               most
               nearly
               related
               ,
               were
               then
               very
               numerous
               ,
               left
               Corinates
               onely
               his
               Heir
               ;
               neither
               did
               any
               one
               attempt
               to
               question
               his
               Will.
               
            
             
               4.
               
               Pompeius
               also
               Rheginus
               ,
               a
               Tramontane
               ,
               being
               by
               his
               Brother
               left
               out
               of
               his
               Will
               ,
               and
               that
               to
               prove
               his
               Injustice
               ,
               he
               had
               in
               a
               full
               Assembly
               of
               both
               Orders
               recited
               two
               former
               Wills
               made
               and
               testified
               in
               the
               publick
               place
               of
               Elections
               ,
               by
               which
               this
               Brother
               was
               made
               Heir
               of
               the
               greatest
               part
               ,
               only
               there
               was
               premis'd
               to
               him
               the
               summ
               of
               an
               hundred
               and
               fifty
               Sesterces
               ;
               after
               he
               had
               long
               complain'd
               to
               his
               Friends
               that
               sooth'd
               his
               indignation
               ,
               took
               a
               resolution
               not
               to
               trouble
               the
               ashes
               of
               his
               Brother
               in
               a
               Court
               of
               Judicature
               .
               Yet
               they
               ,
               whom
               he
               had
               made
               his
               Heirs
               ,
               were
               so
               far
               from
               being
               so
               near
               a
               kin
               by
               ●he
               Fathers
               side
               ,
               that
               they
               were
               not
               the
               next
               to
               him
               ;
               but
               strangers
               and
               poor
               .
               So
               that
               the
               Silence
               seem'd
               to
               be
               wicked
               ,
               and
               the
               Pride
               contumelious
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Happy
               in
               their
               Impunity
               ,
               but
               whether
               these
               Wills
               were
               not
               worse
               in
               offending
               ,
               is
               the
               Question
               .
               
                 Quintus
                 Caecilius
              
               by
               the
               diligent
               endeavour
               and
               great
               Liberalitie
               of
               
                 L.
                 Lucullus
              
               ,
               having
               attain'd
               to
               a
               handsome
               
               some
               degree
               of
               Dignity
               ,
               and
               an
               ample
               Patrimony
               when
               he
               had
               fully
               resolv'd
               that
               he
               alone
               should
               be
               his
               Heir
               ,
               and
               on
               his
               Death-bed
               had
               given
               him
               his
               Rings
               from
               off
               his
               Fingers
               ;
               yet
               by
               his
               Will
               adopted
               
                 Pomponius
                 Atticus
              
               ,
               and
               made
               him
               Heir
               to
               all
               his
               Estate
               .
               But
               the
               Roman
               People
               tying
               a
               Halter
               about
               the
               neck
               of
               the
               Carcass
               of
               that
               deceitful
               and
               fallacious
               person
               ,
               dragg'd
               him
               along
               the
               High-way
               .
               Thus
               the
               wicked
               wretch
               had
               a
               Son
               and
               Heir
               ,
               such
               as
               he
               desir'd
               ▪
               but
               a
               Funeral
               and
               a
               Grave
               ,
               such
               as
               he
               deserv'd
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               Neither
               was
               
                 T.
                 Marius
                 Vrbinas
              
               worthy
               of
               any
               other
               ;
               who
               by
               the
               favour
               of
               the
               divine
               Augustus
               the
               Emperour
               ,
               being
               rais'd
               from
               the
               lowest
               condition
               of
               a
               common
               Souldier
               ,
               to
               the
               highest
               commands
               in
               the
               Camp
               ;
               and
               being
               by
               them
               enrich'd
               ,
               not
               onely
               at
               other
               times
               declar'd
               ,
               that
               he
               would
               leave
               his
               fortunes
               to
               him
               that
               had
               bestow'd
               them
               on
               him
               ,
               and
               but
               the
               day
               before
               he
               died
               protested
               the
               same
               thing
               to
               Augustus
               himself
               ;
               when
               as
               he
               had
               not
               so
               much
               as
               mention'd
               his
               name
               in
               his
               will.
               
            
             
               7.
               
               
                 Lucius
                 Valerius
              
               ,
               whose
               sirname
               was
               Heptachordus
               ,
               having
               experienc'd
               the
               enmity
               of
               
                 Cornelius
                 Balbus
              
               in
               Court
               ,
               as
               being
               plagued
               by
               his
               advice
               and
               management
               with
               several
               private
               Suits
               ,
               and
               at
               length
               by
               a
               suborned
               witness
               being
               by
               him
               accus'd
               of
               a
               Capital
               Crime
               ,
               leaving
               out
               his
               Advocates
               and
               Patrons
               ,
               left
               him
               sole
               Heir
               ;
               cow'd
               by
               such
               a
               dread
               ,
               as
               turn'd
               his
               resolutions
               topsie
               turvie
               .
               For
               he
               lov'd
               his
               Ignominie
               ,
               lov'd
               the
               dangers
               ,
               and
               seem'd
               to
               wish
               he
               had
               bin
               condemn'd
               :
               being
               so
               kind
               to
               the
               authour
               of
               those
               mischiefs
               ,
               and
               hating
               his
               defenders
               .
            
             
               8.
               
                 T.
                 Barrulus
              
               open
               his
               Death-bed
               deliv●r'd
               his
               Rings
               to
               
                 Lentulus
                 Spinther
              
               ,
               whose
               kindness
               and
               friendship
               he
               had
               felt
               ,
               as
               to
               his
               only
               Heir
               ;
               yet
               left
               him
               nothing
               at
               all
               .
               How
               strangely
               at
               that
               very
               moment
               
               of
               time
               (
               if
               it
               be
               of
               that
               force
               which
               we
               believe
               it
               to
               be
               )
               did
               Conscience
               punish
               that
               abominable
               creature
               !
               For
               between
               the
               very
               thoughts
               of
               his
               Ingratitude
               and
               Fallacy
               ,
               he
               yielded
               up
               his
               last
               breath
               ,
               as
               if
               some
               Tormenter
               had
               crucified
               his
               soul
               within
               him
               .
               For
               he
               knew
               that
               his
               passage
               from
               life
               to
               death
               was
               hateful
               to
               the
               Gods
               ,
               and
               would
               be
               detested
               by
               the
               Infernal
               Spirits
               .
            
             
               9.
               
               
                 Marcus
                 Popilius
              
               upon
               his
               death-bed
               beheld
               
                 Oppius
                 Gallus
              
               a
               Senator
               ,
               with
               whom
               he
               had
               been
               familiar
               from
               his
               youth
               ,
               as
               the
               Laws
               of
               antient
               friendship
               requir'd
               ,
               and
               gave
               him
               the
               most
               loving
               words
               imaginable
               .
               For
               be
               thought
               him
               only
               worthy
               ,
               of
               all
               that
               stood
               by
               him
               ,
               of
               his
               last
               embrace
               and
               kiss
               :
               moreover
               he
               deliver'd
               him
               his
               Rings
               ,
               to
               ensure
               him
               of
               that
               Inheritance
               which
               he
               was
               never
               likely
               to
               enjoy
               .
               Which
               Rings
               laid
               up
               in
               his
               Purse
               ,
               and
               assigned
               to
               him
               by
               those
               that
               were
               present
               ,
               Oppius
               ,
               (
               a
               diligent
               man
               ,
               but
               a
               mere
               mock
               of
               his
               dying
               friend
               )
               disinherits
               himself
               ,
               and
               returns
               them
               diligently
               to
               his
               Heirs
               .
               What
               could
               be
               more
               dishonest
               or
               more
               unseasonable
               at
               this
               time
               and
               place
               ?
               That
               a
               Senator
               of
               the
               Roman
               people
               ,
               just
               ready
               to
               die
               ,
               not
               only
               as
               a
               man
               to
               the
               world
               ,
               but
               also
               as
               a
               publick
               person
               to
               the
               Senate-house
               ,
               should
               have
               such
               a
               trick
               put
               upon
               him
               ,
               against
               all
               the
               sacred
               Laws
               of
               friendship
               ,
               when
               his
               eyes
               were
               set
               in
               his
               head
               ,
               and
               he
               drawing
               his
               last
               breath
               ?
            
          
        
         
           
           
             LIB
             .
             VIII
             .
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               I.
               Of
               Signal
               Publick
               Iudgments
               .
            
             
               
                 Absolv'd
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 M.
                 Horatius
                 Tergeminus
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Ser.
                 Sulpitius
                 Galba
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 A.
                 Gabinius
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 P.
                 Claudius
                 Pulcher.
                 
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Tuccia
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   Vestal
                
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 L.
                 Calpurnius
                 Piso.
                 
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Q.
                 Flavius
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   Augur
                
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Cosconius
                 Callidianus
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 Atilius
                 Calatinus
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 M.
                 Aemilius
                 Scaurus
                 ,
                 jun.
                 
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 Aurelius
                 Co●●a
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 Callidius
                 of
                 Bononia
                 .
              
               
                 13.
                 
                 
                   The
                   two
                
                 Cloelii
                 of
                 Tarracinum
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Condemn'd
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 L.
                 Scipio
                 Asiatick
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 C.
                 Decianus
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Sex.
                 Titius
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Claudia
                 
                   the
                   daughter
                   of
                
                 App.
                 
                   the
                   blind
                
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 M.
                 Mulvius
                 ,
                 C.
                 Lollius
                 ,
                 L.
                 Sextilius
                 ,
                 Triumvirs
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 P.
                 Villius
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   Triumvir
                
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 M.
                 Aemilius
                 Porcina
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 
                   A
                   certain
                   Father
                   of
                   a
                   Family
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 Two
                 Burnt
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   A
                   Matricide
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 
                   A
                   Mistress
                   of
                   a
                   Family
                
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 ABSOLVED
                 .
              
               
                 NOw
                 that
                 the
                 doubtful
                 motions
                 of
                 Judgments
                 may
                 more
                 easily
                 be
                 endured
                 ,
                 let
                 us
                 relate
                 for
                 what
                 causes
                 they
                 that
                 laboured
                 under
                 Envy
                 ,
                 were
                 either
                 acquitted
                 or
                 condemned
                 .
              
               
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   M.
                   Horatius
                
                 being
                 condemned
                 by
                 Tullus
                 the
                 King
                 for
                 having
                 slain
                 his
                 Sister
                 ,
                 was
                 acquitted
                 by
                 appealing
                 to
                 the
                 people
                 .
                 The
                 one
                 was
                 incens'd
                 by
                 th●
                 Cruelty
                 of
                 the
                 Murther
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 by
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 fact
                 enclin'd
                 to
                 Mercy
                 :
                 believing
                 the
                 immature
                 love
                 of
                 the
                 Virgin
                 more
                 severely
                 than
                 impiously
                 punish'd
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 the
                 brothers
                 arm
                 being
                 sav'd
                 by
                 so
                 stout
                 a
                 correction
                 ,
                 reap'd
                 as
                 much
                 honour
                 from
                 the
                 blood
                 of
                 his
                 near
                 relation
                 ,
                 as
                 from
                 the
                 blood
                 of
                 an
                 enemy
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Before
                 the
                 Roman
                 people
                 shewed
                 themselves
                 fierce
                 preservers
                 of
                 Chastity
                 ;
                 afterwards
                 more
                 mild
                 Judges
                 than
                 Justice
                 it self
                 required
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 
                   Servius
                   Galba
                
                 was
                 severely
                 accused
                 by
                 Libo
                 ,
                 a
                 Tribune
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 being
                 a
                 Praetor
                 in
                 Spain
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Luft●anians
                 ,
                 contrary
                 to
                 his
                 Faith
                 given
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 Cato
                 ,
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 very
                 aged
                 ,
                 in
                 an
                 Oration
                 upon
                 publick
                 Record
                 ,
                 had
                 made
                 good
                 what
                 the
                 Tribune
                 had
                 done
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 party
                 accused
                 had
                 not
                 a
                 word
                 to
                 say
                 for
                 his
                 own
                 defence
                 ;
                 yet
                 when
                 with
                 tears
                 in
                 his
                 eyes
                 he
                 only
                 recommended
                 to
                 the
                 Assembly
                 his
                 little
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 young
                 Son
                 of
                 
                   Sulpitius
                   Gallus
                
                 ,
                 neerly
                 related
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 so
                 appeas'd
                 the
                 wrath
                 of
                 his
                 Judges
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 but
                 just
                 now
                 ready
                 to
                 be
                 condemn'd
                 by
                 the
                 Vote
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 had
                 hardly
                 in
                 an
                 instant
                 one
                 Vote
                 to
                 his
                 prejudice
                 .
                 Pitie
                 ,
                 not
                 Equity
                 ,
                 rul'd
                 that
                 Inditement
                 ;
                 since
                 that
                 Absolution
                 that
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 granted
                 to
                 Innocency
                 ,
                 was
                 given
                 out
                 of
                 respect
                 to
                 the
                 Children
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Like
                 to
                 this
                 was
                 that
                 which
                 follows
                 .
                 
                   Aulus
                   Gabinius
                
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 Infamy
                 ,
                 being
                 by
                 the
                 accusation
                 of
                 
                   C.
                   Memmius
                
                 expos'd
                 to
                 the
                 suffrages
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 past
                 all
                 hope
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Inditement
                 was
                 full
                 ,
                 the
                 Defence
                 weak
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Judges
                 such
                 as
                 with
                 a
                 precipitate
                 malice
                 desired
                 his
                 punishment
                 .
                 
                 The
                 Officers
                 and
                 Imprisonment
                 hovered
                 before
                 his
                 eyes
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 all
                 vanished
                 away
                 by
                 the
                 interposition
                 of
                 propitious
                 Fortune
                 .
                 For
                 Sisenna
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Gabinius
                 ,
                 by
                 an
                 impulse
                 of
                 consternation
                 ,
                 throwing
                 himself
                 a
                 Suppliant
                 at
                 the
                 feet
                 of
                 Memmius
                 ,
                 besought
                 there
                 some
                 asswagement
                 of
                 the
                 Tempest
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 whole
                 fury
                 of
                 the
                 Storm
                 first
                 arose
                 .
                 Whom
                 the
                 Victor
                 beholding
                 with
                 a
                 stern
                 countenance
                 ,
                 and
                 tearing
                 his
                 Ring
                 from
                 his
                 finger
                 ,
                 suffer'd
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 to
                 lye
                 groveling
                 upon
                 the
                 ground
                 .
                 Which
                 sad
                 spectacle
                 wrought
                 that
                 effect
                 ,
                 that
                 Laelius
                 the
                 Tribune
                 by
                 a
                 general
                 consent
                 order'd
                 the
                 prisoner
                 to
                 be
                 set
                 at
                 liberty
                 .
                 Teaching
                 us
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 man
                 ought
                 insolently
                 to
                 abuse
                 the
                 successes
                 of
                 Prosperity
                 ,
                 nor
                 over-weakly
                 to
                 be
                 cast
                 down
                 by
                 Adversity
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Which
                 is
                 made
                 manife●t
                 by
                 the
                 next
                 Example
                 .
                 
                   Publius
                   Claudius
                
                 ,
                 I
                 cannot
                 tell
                 whether
                 to
                 the
                 greater
                 detriment
                 of
                 Religion
                 or
                 his
                 Countrey
                 (
                 in
                 regard
                 he
                 contemn'd
                 the
                 antient
                 Customes
                 of
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 lost
                 a
                 noble
                 Navy
                 of
                 ●other
                 )
                 being
                 expos'd
                 to
                 the
                 anger
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ;
                 when
                 it
                 was
                 thought
                 he
                 could
                 no
                 way
                 avoid
                 the
                 punishment
                 that
                 he
                 deserv'd
                 ,
                 saved
                 himself
                 from
                 Condemnation
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 a
                 suddain
                 storm
                 .
                 By
                 which
                 means
                 the
                 Trial
                 being
                 laid
                 aside
                 ,
                 it
                 pleased
                 the
                 People
                 never
                 to
                 bring
                 it
                 on
                 again
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 the
                 Gods
                 themselves
                 had
                 forbid
                 it
                 .
                 Thus
                 was
                 he
                 saved
                 by
                 a
                 Land-storm
                 ,
                 whom
                 a
                 Sea-tempest
                 had
                 like
                 to
                 have
                 brought
                 to
                 condemnation
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 By
                 the
                 same
                 sort
                 of
                 assistance
                 the
                 Chastity
                 of
                 Tuccia
                 ,
                 a
                 Vetal
                 Virgin
                 ,
                 and
                 accu●'d
                 of
                 Incest
                 ,
                 escaped
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 black
                 cloud
                 of
                 Infamy
                 .
                 Who
                 trusting
                 to
                 the
                 fincerity
                 of
                 her
                 Innocency
                 ,
                 ventur'd
                 the
                 hope
                 of
                 her
                 safety
                 upon
                 a
                 doubtful
                 argument
                 .
                 For
                 ,
                 snatching
                 up
                 a
                 sieve
                 ,
                 Vesta
                 ,
                 said
                 she
                 ,
                 
                   If
                   I
                   have
                   always
                   attended
                   thy
                   Rites
                   with
                   clean
                   and
                   chast
                   hands
                   ,
                   grant
                   that
                   I
                   may
                   take
                   up
                   water
                   out
                   of
                
                 Tiber
                 
                   in
                   this
                   ,
                   and
                   carry
                   it
                   
                   to
                   thy
                   Temple
                   .
                
                 Nature
                 gave
                 way
                 to
                 the
                 ●ash
                 '
                 and
                 bold
                 Imprecation
                 of
                 the
                 Priestess
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 
                   Lucius
                   Piso
                
                 also
                 being
                 accused
                 by
                 
                   Claudius
                   Pulcher
                
                 ,
                 ●or
                 having
                 done
                 great
                 and
                 intolerable
                 injuries
                 to
                 the
                 Roman
                 Alties
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 lucky
                 chance
                 escaped
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 an
                 unquestioned
                 ruine
                 :
                 For
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 about
                 to
                 give
                 severe
                 Judgment
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 there
                 fell
                 a
                 sudden
                 shower
                 ,
                 which
                 filled
                 his
                 mouth
                 full
                 of
                 du●t
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 lay
                 prostrate
                 at
                 the
                 feet
                 of
                 his
                 Judges
                 .
                 Which
                 Spectacle
                 changed
                 the
                 whole
                 Trial
                 from
                 Severity
                 into
                 Pity
                 and
                 Clemency
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 believ'd
                 he
                 had
                 given
                 full
                 satisfaction
                 to
                 their
                 Allies
                 ,
                 by
                 being
                 compell'd
                 to
                 prostrate
                 himself
                 so
                 submissively
                 ,
                 and
                 rise
                 again
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 deformity
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 I
                 will
                 adde
                 two
                 that
                 escaped
                 by
                 their
                 Accusers
                 own
                 fault
                 .
                 
                   Quintus
                   Flavius
                
                 the
                 Augur
                 was
                 accused
                 by
                 Valerius
                 the
                 Aedil
                 ,
                 and
                 proved
                 guilty
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 condemn'd
                 by
                 the
                 Votes
                 of
                 fourteen
                 Tribes
                 ,
                 cryed
                 out
                 he
                 was
                 innocently
                 condemn'd
                 .
                 To
                 whom
                 Valerius
                 made
                 answer
                 with
                 a
                 loud
                 voice
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 car'd
                 not
                 whether
                 he
                 wer●
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 Guilty
                 or
                 Innocent
                 ,
                 so
                 he
                 were
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 .
                 Which
                 violent
                 speech
                 brought
                 over
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Tribes
                 to
                 his
                 Adversaries
                 side
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 cast
                 his
                 enemy
                 :
                 when
                 he
                 certainly
                 thought
                 him
                 ruin'd
                 ,
                 he
                 restor'd
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 lost
                 the
                 victory
                 ,
                 even
                 in
                 the
                 victory
                 it self
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 
                   C.
                   Cosconius
                
                 sound
                 guilty
                 by
                 the
                 Servilian
                 Law
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 many
                 evident
                 and
                 notorious
                 crimes
                 condemned
                 ,
                 was
                 sav'd
                 by
                 one
                 Verse
                 recited
                 in
                 the
                 Sessions-House
                 by
                 
                   Val●●ius
                   Valen●inus
                
                 his
                 Adversary
                 ,
                 signifying
                 by
                 a
                 Poetical
                 Joke
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 defil'd
                 a
                 noble
                 Youth
                 and
                 a
                 free
                 Virgin.
                 For
                 they
                 thought
                 it
                 unjust
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 go
                 away
                 Victor
                 ,
                 who
                 rather
                 deserv'd
                 to
                 give
                 the
                 Palm
                 from
                 himself
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 take
                 it
                 from
                 another
                 .
                 Therefore
                 was
                 Valerius
                 rather
                 condemn'd
                 
                 by
                 the
                 Absolution
                 of
                 Cosconius
                 ,
                 than
                 Coseonius
                 freed
                 at
                 his
                 Trial.
                 
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 I
                 will
                 touch
                 upon
                 those
                 also
                 whose
                 Crimes
                 having
                 ruin'd
                 all
                 their
                 hopes
                 ,
                 have
                 been
                 pardon'd
                 for
                 the
                 renown
                 of
                 their
                 Relations
                 .
                 
                   A.
                   Attilius
                   Calatinus
                
                 being
                 condemn'd
                 for
                 having
                 betrayed
                 the
                 Town
                 of
                 Sora
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 person
                 otherwise
                 infamous
                 ,
                 only
                 a
                 few
                 words
                 of
                 
                   Q.
                   Maximus
                
                 ,
                 his
                 Father-in-law
                 ,
                 sav'd
                 from
                 the
                 threatning
                 danger
                 :
                 wherein
                 he
                 affirmed
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 he
                 sound
                 him
                 guilty
                 of
                 that
                 crime
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 break
                 off
                 his
                 affinity
                 .
                 Presently
                 the
                 People
                 yielded
                 up
                 their
                 own
                 to
                 the
                 judgment
                 of
                 one
                 man
                 ;
                 believing
                 it
                 an
                 unworthy
                 thing
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 believe
                 his
                 Testimony
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 had
                 entrusted
                 in
                 the
                 greatest
                 Dangers
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 
                   M.
                   Aemilius
                   Scourus
                
                 also
                 guilty
                 of
                 Bribery
                 ,
                 made
                 so
                 lame
                 and
                 pitiful
                 defence
                 at
                 his
                 Trial
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Accuser
                 said
                 openly
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 have
                 liberty
                 to
                 name
                 an
                 hundred
                 and
                 twenty
                 witnesses
                 for
                 himself
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 content
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 prisoner
                 acquitted
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 could
                 produce
                 so
                 many
                 in
                 the
                 Province
                 ,
                 from
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 never
                 taken
                 any
                 thing
                 .
                 Yet
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 so
                 fair
                 a
                 condition
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 freed
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 his
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 fresh
                 memory
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 But
                 as
                 the
                 Fame
                 of
                 Great
                 men
                 has
                 prevailed
                 to
                 protect
                 the
                 Guilty
                 ,
                 so
                 has
                 it
                 as
                 little
                 avail'd
                 to
                 oppress
                 them
                 :
                 rather
                 it
                 has
                 bin
                 a
                 safeguard
                 to
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 Prosecution
                 .
                 P.
                 
                   Scipio
                   Aemilianus
                
                 accused
                 
                   L.
                   Cotta
                
                 to
                 the
                 Praetor
                 ;
                 whose
                 cause
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 were
                 full
                 of
                 deep
                 crimes
                 ,
                 was
                 seven
                 times
                 delayed
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 eighth
                 judgment
                 acquitted
                 him
                 .
                 For
                 those
                 wise
                 men
                 were
                 loath
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 thought
                 that
                 his
                 Condemnation
                 had
                 bin
                 ,
                 because
                 his
                 Accuser
                 was
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 person
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 I
                 believe
                 they
                 reason'd
                 thus
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 :
                 We
                 must
                 not
                 admit
                 
                 him
                 that
                 seeks
                 the
                 life
                 of
                 another
                 ,
                 to
                 bring
                 Triumphs
                 ,
                 Trophies
                 and
                 Spoils
                 to
                 the
                 seat
                 of
                 Judgment
                 :
                 Let
                 him
                 be
                 terrible
                 to
                 his
                 Enemy
                 ▪
                 but
                 let
                 not
                 a
                 Citizen
                 ,
                 trusting
                 to
                 his
                 high
                 Merits
                 and
                 great
                 Honour
                 ,
                 prosecute
                 a
                 Citizen
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 Not
                 more
                 eager
                 were
                 those
                 Judges
                 against
                 a
                 most
                 noble
                 Accuser
                 ,
                 than
                 these
                 were
                 mild
                 toward
                 a
                 Criminal
                 of
                 a
                 far
                 lower
                 degree
                 .
                 Callidius
                 of
                 Bononia
                 ,
                 being
                 taken
                 by
                 night
                 in
                 the
                 Husbands
                 Bed
                 chamber
                 ,
                 being
                 brought
                 to
                 answer
                 for
                 the
                 Adultery
                 ,
                 he
                 buoyed
                 himself
                 up
                 among
                 the
                 greatest
                 and
                 most
                 violent
                 waves
                 of
                 Infamy
                 ,
                 swimming
                 like
                 corn
                 in
                 a
                 Shipwrack
                 ,
                 laying
                 hold
                 upon
                 a
                 very
                 flight
                 kind
                 of
                 defence
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 pleaded
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 carried
                 thither
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Love
                 of
                 a
                 Servant-boy
                 .
                 The
                 place
                 was
                 suspected
                 ,
                 the
                 time
                 suspitious
                 ,
                 the
                 Mistress
                 of
                 the
                 house
                 was
                 suspected
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Youth
                 suspected
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 confession
                 of
                 a
                 more
                 intemperate
                 Lust
                 ,
                 freed
                 him
                 from
                 the
                 Crime
                 of
                 Adultery
                 .
              
               
                 13.
                 
                 The
                 next
                 is
                 an
                 example
                 of
                 more
                 concernment
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 two
                 Brothers
                 of
                 Cloelius
                 were
                 brought
                 to
                 answer
                 for
                 Parricide
                 ,
                 whose
                 Father
                 was
                 kill'd
                 in
                 his
                 bed
                 ,
                 while
                 the
                 Sons
                 lay
                 asleep
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Chamber
                 ,
                 and
                 neither
                 Servant
                 nor
                 Freed-man
                 could
                 be
                 found
                 upon
                 whom
                 to
                 fasten
                 the
                 suspicion
                 of
                 the
                 Murther
                 :
                 They
                 were
                 both
                 acquitted
                 ,
                 only
                 for
                 this
                 reason
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 made
                 appear
                 to
                 the
                 Judges
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 both
                 found
                 fast
                 asleep
                 with
                 the
                 door
                 open
                 .
                 Sleep
                 ,
                 the
                 certain
                 mark
                 of
                 innocent
                 security
                 ,
                 sav'd
                 the
                 unfortunate
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 was
                 adjudg'd
                 impossible
                 ,
                 that
                 having
                 murthered
                 their
                 Father
                 ,
                 they
                 could
                 have
                 slept
                 so
                 securely
                 over
                 his
                 wounds
                 and
                 blood
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 PERSONS
                 Condemned
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Now
                 we
                 will
                 briefly
                 touch
                 upon
                 those
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 
                 things
                 beside
                 the
                 question
                 did
                 more
                 harm
                 ,
                 than
                 their
                 own
                 Innocency
                 did
                 good
                 .
                 L.
                 Scipio
                 ,
                 after
                 a
                 most
                 noble
                 Triumph
                 over
                 King
                 Antiochus
                 ,
                 was
                 condemned
                 for
                 taking
                 Money
                 of
                 him
                 .
                 Not
                 that
                 I
                 think
                 he
                 was
                 brib'd
                 to
                 remove
                 beyond
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Taurus
                 ,
                 him
                 that
                 was
                 lately
                 Lord
                 of
                 all
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 just
                 going
                 to
                 lay
                 his
                 victorious
                 hands
                 upon
                 Europe
                 .
                 But
                 being
                 otherwise
                 a
                 man
                 of
                 a
                 most
                 upright
                 l●●e
                 ,
                 and
                 free
                 far
                 enough
                 from
                 any
                 such
                 suspicion
                 ,
                 he
                 could
                 nor
                 resist
                 the
                 envy
                 that
                 haunted
                 the
                 two
                 famous
                 Sirnames
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 Brothers
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Scipio
                 was
                 a
                 person
                 of
                 high
                 splendour
                 .
                 But
                 Decianu●
                 ,
                 a
                 person
                 of
                 unspotted
                 Integrity
                 ,
                 was
                 ruin'd
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 tongue
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 he
                 accused
                 
                   P.
                   Furius
                
                 ,
                 a
                 man
                 of
                 a
                 lewd
                 life
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 in
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Declamation
                 he
                 ventured
                 to
                 complain
                 of
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Saturninus
                 ,
                 did
                 not
                 only
                 not
                 condemn
                 the
                 Guilty
                 ,
                 but
                 suffered
                 the
                 Punishment
                 appointed
                 for
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 same
                 case
                 overthrew
                 
                   C.
                   Titius
                
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 innocent
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 favour
                 with
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Agrarian
                 Law.
                 But
                 because
                 he
                 had
                 the
                 statue
                 of
                 Saturninus
                 in
                 his
                 house
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 College
                 of
                 Magistrates
                 with
                 one
                 general
                 consent
                 ruined
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 We
                 may
                 to
                 these
                 adde
                 Claud●a
                 ,
                 whom
                 though
                 innocent
                 of
                 a
                 crime
                 ,
                 an
                 impious
                 Impreca●ion
                 ruined
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 crowded
                 by
                 the
                 multitude
                 ,
                 as
                 she
                 returned
                 home
                 from
                 the
                 Playes
                 ,
                 she
                 wished
                 that
                 her
                 Brother
                 ,
                 by
                 whom
                 we
                 had
                 the
                 greatest
                 loss
                 of
                 our
                 Naval
                 Forces
                 ,
                 were
                 alive
                 again
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 made
                 often
                 Consul
                 ,
                 he
                 might
                 by
                 his
                 ill
                 conduct
                 rid
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 pesterment
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 We
                 may
                 pass
                 to
                 those
                 whom
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 Condemnation
                 snatched
                 away
                 for
                 flight
                 causes
                 .
                 
                   M.
                   Mulvius
                   ,
                   Cn.
                   Lollius
                   ,
                   L.
                   Sextilius
                
                 Triumvirs
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 come
                 so
                 quickly
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 ought
                 ,
                 to
                 quench
                 a
                 Fire
                 that
                 happend
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Holy
                   way
                
                 ,
                 being
                 cited
                 before
                 
                 the
                 People
                 at
                 a
                 prefixed
                 day
                 by
                 the
                 Tribune
                 ,
                 were
                 condemned
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 
                   Publius
                   Villius
                
                 also
                 ,
                 Nocturnal
                 Triumvi●
                 ,
                 being
                 accused
                 by
                 Aquilius
                 the
                 Tribune
                 ,
                 fell
                 by
                 the
                 Sentence
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 negligent
                 in
                 going
                 his
                 watch
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Very
                 severe
                 was
                 that
                 Sentence
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 deeply
                 fin'd
                 
                   M.
                   Aemilius
                   Porcina
                
                 ,
                 b●ing
                 accused
                 by
                 
                   L.
                   Cassius
                
                 ,
                 for
                 having
                 built
                 his
                 House
                 in
                 the
                 Village
                 of
                 Alsium
                 a
                 little
                 too
                 high
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Nor
                 is
                 that
                 Condemnation
                 to
                 be
                 supprest
                 of
                 one
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 over-fond
                 of
                 his
                 little
                 Boy
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 by
                 him
                 desir'd
                 to
                 buy
                 him
                 some
                 Chitterlings
                 for
                 Supper
                 ;
                 because
                 there
                 were
                 none
                 to
                 be
                 got
                 in
                 the
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 a
                 Plough-Ox
                 ,
                 to
                 satisfie
                 the
                 Boys
                 desire
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 reason
                 he
                 was
                 brought
                 to
                 publick
                 Trial
                 :
                 Innocent
                 ,
                 had
                 he
                 not
                 lived
                 in
                 the
                 antient
                 times
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Neither
                 Quitted
                 nor
                 Condemned
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Now
                 to
                 say
                 something
                 of
                 those
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 qu●stioned
                 for
                 their
                 Lives
                 ,
                 were
                 neither
                 quitted
                 not
                 condemned
                 .
                 There
                 was
                 a
                 Wom●n
                 brought
                 before
                 
                   Popilius
                   Lena●
                
                 the
                 Praetor
                 ,
                 for
                 havi●g
                 beaten
                 her
                 Mother
                 to
                 Death
                 with
                 a
                 Club.
                 But
                 he
                 Praetor
                 adjudged
                 nothing
                 ag●inst
                 her
                 ,
                 nei●her
                 on
                 :
                 way
                 nor
                 other
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 was
                 plain
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 did
                 it
                 to
                 revenge
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 her
                 Children
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 Grand-mother
                 ,
                 angry
                 with
                 her
                 Daughter
                 ,
                 had
                 poyson●d
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 same
                 d●mur
                 made
                 Dolabella
                 Proconsul
                 of
                 Asia
                 .
                 A
                 woman
                 of
                 Smyrna
                 killed
                 her
                 Husband
                 and
                 her
                 Son
                 ,
                 understanding
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 killed
                 another
                 Son
                 of
                 hers
                 ,
                 a
                 hopeful
                 young
                 man
                 ,
                 which
                 she
                 had
                 by
                 a
                 former
                 Husband
                 .
                 Dolabella
                 w●u●d
                 not
                 take
                 cognizance
                 of
                 the
                 Cause
                 ,
                 but
                 sent
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 determined
                 by
                 the
                 Ar●opagi
                 at
                 Athens
                 .
                 Unwilling
                 to
                 set
                 a
                 woman
                 
                 at
                 liberty
                 ,
                 defiled
                 with
                 two
                 Murthers
                 ,
                 nor
                 to
                 punish
                 her
                 whom
                 a
                 just
                 Grief
                 had
                 mov'd
                 to
                 do
                 it
                 .
                 Considerately
                 and
                 mildly
                 did
                 the
                 Roman
                 Magistrate
                 :
                 nor
                 did
                 the
                 Areopagite
                 act
                 less
                 wisely
                 ,
                 who
                 examining
                 the
                 cause
                 ,
                 bound
                 the
                 Accuser
                 and
                 the
                 Criminal
                 to
                 appear
                 an
                 hundred
                 years
                 after
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 same
                 ground
                 as
                 Dolabella
                 acted
                 .
                 Only
                 he
                 by
                 transmitting
                 the
                 Trial
                 ,
                 they
                 by
                 deferring
                 ,
                 delay'd
                 the
                 difficult
                 Sentence
                 ,
                 or
                 Condemnation
                 or
                 Acquittal
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP
               II.
               Of
               remarkable
               private
               Iudgments
               ,
               whereby
               were
               condemned
            
             
               
                 1.
                 T.
                 Claud.
                 Centumalus
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Octacilia
                 Laterensis
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 C.
                 Titinius
                 Minturnensis
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   A
                   certain
                   person
                   for
                   riding
                   a
                   horse
                   farther
                   than
                   hired
                   for
                   .
                
              
            
             
               TO
               Publick
               Judgments
               I
               will
               adde
               private
               ones
               ,
               the
               Equity
               whereof
               in
               the
               Complainants
               will
               more
               delight
               than
               a
               great
               number
               offend
               the
               Reader
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 Claudius
                 Centumalus
              
               being
               commanded
               by
               the
               Augurs
               to
               pull
               down
               some
               of
               the
               height
               of
               his
               House
               ,
               which
               he
               had
               built
               upon
               the
               Caelian
               Mount
               ,
               because
               it
               hindered
               them
               from
               observing
               their
               Auguries
               from
               the
               Tower
               ,
               sold
               it
               to
               
                 Calpurnius
                 Lanatius
              
               ,
               concealing
               the
               command
               of
               the
               Augurs
               .
               By
               whom
               Calpurnius
               being
               compelled
               to
               pluck
               down
               his
               House
               ,
               brought
               
                 Marc●
                 Porcius
                 Cato
              
               ,
               father
               of
               the
               famous
               Cato
               ,
               to
               Claudius
               as
               an
               Arbitrator
               ,
               and
               the
               form
               of
               Writing
               ,
               
                 Whatever
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 give
                 him
                 ,
                 or
                 do
                 in
                 good
                 Equity
                 .
                 
                 Cato
                 ,
              
               understanding
               that
               Claudius
               had
               for
               the
               nonce
               supprest
               the
               Augurs
               Edict
               ,
               presently
               condemned
               him
               to
               Calpurnius
               ;
               with
               all
               the
               Justice
               in
               the
               world
               .
               For
               they
               that
               fell
               according
               to
               Conscience
               and
               Equity
               ,
               ought
               neither
               to
               enhance
               the
               hopes
               of
               the
               Bargain
               ,
               nor
               conceal
               the
               Inconveniencies
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               I
               have
               recited
               a
               Judgment
               famous
               in
               those
               times
               :
               Yet
               what
               I
               am
               about
               to
               relate
               ,
               is
               not
               quite
               buried
               in
               silence
               .
               
                 C.
                 Visellius
                 Varro
              
               being
               taken
               with
               a
               great
               fit
               of
               Sickness
               ,
               suffered
               a
               Judgment
               of
               three
               thousand
               pieces
               of
               Money
               ,
               as
               borrowed
               of
               
                 Otacilia
                 Laterensis
              
               ,
               with
               whom
               he
               had
               lived
               as
               her
               Gallant
               :
               With
               this
               designe
               ,
               that
               if
               he
               died
               ,
               she
               might
               claim
               that
               sum
               of
               the
               Heirs
               ;
               colouring
               the
               Liberality
               of
               his
               Lust
               ,
               under
               the
               title
               of
               a
               Debt
               .
               After
               that
               ,
               Visellius
               ,
               contrary
               to
               Otacilia's
               wishes
               ,
               recovers
               .
               Who
               offended
               that
               she
               had
               lost
               her
               prey
               by
               his
               recovery
               ,
               from
               a
               close
               Friend
               began
               to
               act
               like
               an
               open
               Usurer
               ,
               challenging
               the
               Money
               ,
               which
               as
               shamelesly
               as
               vainly
               she
               gap'd
               for
               by
               a
               void
               contract
               .
               Which
               Aquillius
               ,
               a
               man
               of
               great
               authority
               and
               knowledge
               in
               the
               Civil
               Law
               ,
               being
               chosen
               to
               be
               Judge
               of
               ,
               consulting
               with
               the
               Principal
               Men
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               by
               his
               Prudence
               and
               good
               Conscience
               foyled
               the
               woman
               .
               And
               if
               by
               the
               same
               form
               Varro
               might
               have
               been
               condemned
               ,
               and
               the
               adversary
               absolved
               ,
               no
               question
               but
               he
               would
               have
               willingly
               punish'd
               his
               soul
               and
               unwarrantable
               folly
               .
               Now
               he
               stifled
               the
               calumny
               of
               a
               private
               Action
               ,
               and
               left
               the
               crime
               of
               Adultery
               to
               publick
               Justice
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Much
               more
               stoutly
               and
               with
               a
               souldierlike
               Gallantry
               did
               Marius
               behave
               himself
               in
               a
               Judgment
               of
               the
               same
               nature
               .
               For
               when
               
                 T.
                 Titinius
              
               of
               Minturnum
               married
               Fannia
               his
               wife
               ,
               because
               he
               knew
               her
               to
               be
               unchast
               ,
               and
               having
               divorc'd
               her
               for
               the
               same
               crime
               ,
               would
               have
               kept
               her
               Dower
               :
               he
               b●ing
               chosen
               Judge
               ,
               ●nd
               having
               examined
               the
               business
               ,
               took
               Titinius
               
               aside
               ,
               and
               perswaded
               him
               to
               proceed
               no
               farther
               ,
               but
               to
               return
               the
               woman
               her
               Dower
               ;
               but
               finding
               that
               all
               his
               perswasions
               were
               in
               vain
               ,
               and
               being
               forced
               to
               pronounce
               Sentence
               ,
               he
               fin'd
               the
               woman
               for
               Adultery
               a
               Sesterce
               ,
               and
               Titinius
               the
               whole
               summ
               of
               the
               Portion
               .
               Telling
               them
               ,
               that
               therefore
               he
               had
               observed
               that
               method
               of
               judgment
               ,
               because
               it
               seem●d
               to
               him
               apparent
               ,
               that
               he
               had
               married
               Fannia
               ,
               whom
               he
               knew
               to
               be
               a
               lewd
               woman
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               cheat
               her
               of
               her
               estate
               .
               This
               Fannia
               was
               she
               ,
               who
               afterwards
               ,
               when
               Marius
               was
               proclaimed
               an
               Enemy
               ,
               received
               him
               into
               her
               house
               at
               Minturnum
               ,
               all
               bedaubed
               with
               mud
               and
               durt
               ,
               and
               assisted
               him
               what
               lay
               in
               her
               power
               ;
               remembring
               that
               he
               had
               adjudged
               her
               for
               Unchastity
               ,
               out
               of
               his
               rigorous
               manner
               of
               life
               ,
               but
               that
               he
               had
               saved
               her
               Dower
               ,
               out
               of
               his
               Religion
               and
               Piety
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               That
               Judgment
               was
               also
               much
               talked
               of
               ,
               by
               which
               a
               certain
               person
               was
               condemned
               for
               their
               ,
               because
               having
               borrowed
               a
               Horse
               to
               carry
               him
               to
               Aricia
               ,
               he
               rode
               him
               to
               the
               furthermost
               cliff
               of
               that
               City
               .
               What
               can
               we
               do
               here
               but
               praise
               the
               Modesty
               of
               that
               Age
               ,
               wherein
               such
               minute
               excesses
               from
               Honesty
               were
               punished
               ?
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               III.
               Of
               Women
               that
               pleaded
               Causes
               before
               Magistrates
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Amasia
                 Sentia
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Afrania
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   wife
                   of
                
                 Licinius
                 Buccio
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Hortensia
                 Q.F.
                 
              
            
             
               NOr
               must
               we
               omit
               those
               Women
               ,
               whom
               the
               condition
               of
               their
               Sex
               ,
               and
               the
               Garments
               of
               Modesty
               could
               not
               hinder
               from
               appearing
               and
               speaking
               in
               publick
               Courts
               of
               Judicature
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 Amaesia
                 Sentia
              
               ,
               being
               guilty
               ,
               before
               a
               great
               concourse
               of
               people
               pleaded
               her
               own
               cause
               ,
               Titius
               the
               Praetor
               then
               sitting
               in
               Court
               ;
               and
               observing
               all
               the
               parts
               and
               elegancies
               of
               a
               true
               Defence
               ,
               not
               onely
               diligently
               but
               stoutly
               was
               quitted
               in
               her
               first
               Action
               by
               the
               sentences
               of
               all
               .
               And
               because
               that
               under
               the
               shape
               of
               a
               woman
               she
               carried
               a
               manly
               resolution
               ,
               they
               called
               her
               Androgynon
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Afrania
               ,
               the
               wife
               of
               
                 Licinius
                 Buccia
              
               the
               Senator
               ,
               being
               extremely
               affected
               with
               Law-suits
               ,
               always
               pleaded
               for
               herself
               before
               the
               Praetor
               .
               Not
               that
               she
               wanted
               Advocates
               ,
               but
               because
               she
               abounded
               in
               Impudence
               .
               So
               that
               for
               her
               perpetual
               vexing
               the
               Tribunal
               with
               her
               bawling
               ,
               to
               which
               the
               Court
               was
               ●naccustomed
               ,
               she
               grew
               to
               be
               a
               noted
               Example
               of
               Female
               Calumnie
               .
               So
               that
               the
               name
               of
               Afrania
               was
               given
               to
               all
               contentious
               Women
               .
               She
               dyed
               when
               Caesar
               was
               Consul
               with
               Servilius
               .
               For
               it
               is
               better
               to
               remember
               when
               such
               a
               Monster
               went
               out
               of
               the
               world
               ,
               than
               when
               she
               came
               in
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Hortensia
               ,
               the
               daughter
               of
               
                 Q.
                 Hortensius
              
               ,
               when
               
               the
               order
               of
               Matrons
               was
               too
               heavily
               taxed
               by
               the
               Triumvirs
               ,
               and
               that
               none
               of
               the
               Men
               durst
               undertake
               to
               speak
               in
               their
               behalfs
               ,
               she
               pleaded
               the
               Matrons
               cause
               before
               the
               Triumvirs
               ,
               not
               only
               with
               boldness
               ,
               but
               with
               success
               .
               For
               the
               image
               of
               her
               fathers
               Eloquence
               obtained
               ,
               that
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               the
               Imposition
               was
               remitted
               .
               
                 Q.
                 Hortensius
              
               then
               revived
               in
               the
               Female
               Sex
               ,
               and
               breath'd
               in
               the
               words
               of
               his
               Daughter
               :
               Whose
               force
               and
               vigour
               if
               his
               Posterity
               of
               the
               Male
               Sex
               would
               follow
               ,
               so
               great
               an
               inheritance
               of
               Hortensian
               Eloquence
               would
               not
               be
               cut-off
               by
               one
               action
               of
               a
               woman
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               IV.
               Of
               Rackings
               .
            
             
               
                 Endured
                 by
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Servant
                   of
                
                 M.
                 Agrius
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Alexander
                 
                   the
                   Servant
                   of
                
                 Fannius
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Philip
                 
                   Servant
                   to
                
                 Ful.
                 Flaccus
                 .
              
            
             
               ANd
               that
               we
               may
               finish
               all
               sorts
               of
               Judgments
               ,
               let
               us
               recite
               those
               Tortures
               ,
               to
               which
               either
               no
               credit
               all
               was
               given
               ,
               or
               else
               rashly
               too
               much
               faith
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               The
               Servant
               of
               
                 M.
                 Agrius
              
               was
               accused
               to
               have
               murthered
               the
               servant
               of
               
                 C.
                 Fannius
              
               ,
               and
               for
               that
               reason
               being
               rack'd
               by
               his
               Master
               ,
               he
               constantly
               affirmed
               ,
               that
               he
               did
               commit
               the
               fact
               .
               Thereupon
               being
               delivered
               up
               to
               Fannius
               ,
               he
               was
               put
               to
               death
               .
               In
               a
               little
               while
               after
               ,
               he
               that
               was
               thought
               to
               be
               slain
               ,
               returned
               home
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               On
               the
               other
               side
               ,
               Alexander
               ,
               the
               Servant
               of
               Fannius
               ,
               being
               suspected
               to
               have
               murthered
               
                 C.
                 Fl.
              
               a
               
               Roman
               Knight
               ,
               being
               six
               times
               tortur'd
               denied
               that
               he
               was
               any
               way
               concerned
               in
               it
               .
               But
               as
               if
               he
               had
               confessed
               it
               ,
               he
               was
               condemned
               by
               the
               Judges
               ,
               and
               by
               Calpurnius
               the
               Triumvir
               crucified
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               
                 Fulvius
                 Flaccus
              
               the
               Consul
               pleading
               ,
               Philip
               his
               Servant
               ,
               upon
               whom
               the
               whole
               testimony
               lay
               ,
               being
               eight
               times
               tortur'd
               ,
               would
               not
               utter
               a
               word
               to
               his
               Masters
               prejudice
               .
               And
               yet
               he
               was
               condemned
               as
               guilty
               ,
               when
               one
               eight
               times
               tortur'd
               had
               given
               a
               more
               certain
               argument
               of
               Innocence
               ,
               than
               eight
               once
               tormented
               had
               afforded
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               V.
               Of
               Testimonies
               void
               or
               confirmed
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   Of
                   the
                
                 Caepio
                 
                   's
                   and
                
                 Metelli's
                 against
                 Q.
                 Pompey
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Of
                 Aemilius
                 Scaurus
                 
                   against
                   several
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Of
                 L.
                 Crassus
                 against
                 M.
                 Marcellus
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Of
                 Q.
                 Metellus
                 ,
                 the
                 Luculli
                 ,
                 Hortensii
                 ,
                 and
                 Lepeius
                 ,
                 against
                 Gracchus
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Of
                 M.
                 Cicero
                 against
                 P.
                 Clodius
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Of
                 P.
                 Servilius
                 Isauricus
                 ,
                 
                   against
                   a
                   certain
                   person
                
                 .
              
            
             
               1.
               
               IT
               follows
               that
               I
               relate
               pertinent
               Examples
               concerning
               Witnesses
               .
               Cneus
               and
               
                 Servilius
                 Caepio
              
               ,
               born
               both
               of
               the
               same
               Parents
               ,
               and
               having
               mounted
               through
               all
               the
               degrees
               of
               Honour
               to
               the
               height
               of
               Greatness
               :
               Also
               the
               two
               Brothers
               Q.
               and
               
                 L.
                 Metellus
              
               ,
               of
               the
               Consular
               and
               Censors
               Dignity
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               that
               had
               triumphed
               ,
               giving
               in
               severe
               testimony
               against
               
                 Q.
                 Pompey
                 A.
                 F.
              
               who
               stood
               accused
               of
               Bribery
               :
               the
               credit
               of
               their
               testimony
               was
               not
               quite
               
               abrogated
               ,
               by
               the
               acquittal
               of
               Pompey
               ;
               but
               it
               was
               done
               so
               ,
               that
               an
               Enemy
               might
               not
               seem
               to
               be
               oppressed
               by
               power
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               
                 M.
                 Aemilius
                 Scaurus
              
               ,
               Prince
               of
               the
               Senate
               ,
               prosecuted
               
                 C.
                 Memmius
              
               for
               Bribery
               ,
               with
               smart
               testimony
               .
               He
               followed
               Flavius
               ,
               accused
               by
               the
               same
               Law
               ,
               with
               the
               same
               fierceness
               ;
               he
               profestly
               endeavoured
               to
               ruine
               
                 C.
                 Norbanus
              
               ,
               for
               Treason
               put
               to
               the
               publick
               rack
               :
               yet
               neither
               by
               his
               Authority
               ,
               which
               was
               very
               great
               ,
               nor
               by
               his
               Piety
               ,
               of
               which
               no
               man
               doubted
               ,
               could
               he
               do
               any
               of
               them
               any
               harm
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               
                 L.
                 Crassus
              
               also
               ,
               as
               great
               among
               the
               Judges
               ,
               as
               Scaurus
               among
               the
               Conscript
               Fathers
               :
               For
               he
               governed
               their
               Opinions
               and
               Judgments
               by
               the
               potent
               and
               happy
               salaries
               of
               his
               Eloquence
               ▪
               Prince
               of
               the
               Court
               of
               Judicature
               ,
               as
               the
               other
               of
               the
               Senate
               :
               Yet
               when
               he
               shot
               a
               Thunderbolt
               of
               Testimony
               against
               Marcellus
               ,
               it
               fell
               heavy
               indeed
               ,
               but
               vanished
               in
               smoak
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               Again
               ,
               there
               was
               
                 Q.
                 Metellus
              
               the
               holy
               ,
               the
               Luculli
               ,
               the
               
                 Hortensii
                 ,
                 M.
                 Lepidus
              
               ,
               what
               weight
               did
               they
               not
               onely
               lay
               upon
               the
               lite
               of
               
                 C.
                 Cornelius
              
               accused
               of
               Treason
               ,
               but
               also
               denied
               that
               the
               Commonwealth
               could
               stand
               ,
               so
               long
               as
               he
               were
               safe
               ?
               All
               which
               Ornaments
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               it
               shames
               me
               to
               relate
               it
               ,
               were
               all
               kept
               off
               by
               the
               shield
               of
               Justice
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               What!
               
                 M.
                 Cicero
              
               ,
               who
               by
               the
               warfare
               of
               the
               Law
               attained
               to
               the
               highest
               Honours
               and
               the
               noblest
               place
               of
               Dignity
               ,
               was
               he
               not
               as
               a
               witness
               thrown
               out
               of
               the
               very
               Camp
               of
               his
               Eloquence
               ,
               while
               he
               swore
               that
               Clodius
               was
               at
               his
               house
               in
               Rome
               ?
               for
               by
               that
               one
               argument
               of
               his
               absence
               ,
               the
               Prisoner
               fended
               off
               the
               villany
               which
               he
               had
               committed
               .
               And
               so
               the
               Judges
               rather
               chose
               to
               acquit
               Clodius
               of
               the
               Incest
               ,
               than
               Cicero
               of
               the
               Infamy
               of
               Perjury
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               Among
               so
               many
               Witnesses
               of
               high
               degree
               ,
               I
               
               will
               relate
               one
               ,
               whose
               authority
               is
               confirmed
               by
               a
               new
               manner
               of
               reasoning
               in
               Court.
               
                 Publius
                 Servilius
              
               ,
               a
               Consul
               ,
               a
               Censor
               ,
               a
               Triumpher
               ,
               who
               added
               the
               name
               of
               Isauricus
               to
               that
               of
               his
               Ancestors
               ,
               when
               walking
               by
               the
               Court
               he
               saw
               several
               Witnesses
               produced
               against
               a
               Criminal
               ,
               he
               placed
               himself
               among
               the
               Witnesses
               ,
               and
               to
               the
               great
               admiration
               of
               the
               Parties
               Friends
               and
               Accusers
               ,
               thus
               began
               :
               
                 This
                 person
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 most
                 reverend
                 Iudges
                 ,
                 that
                 pleads
                 ,
                 what
                 Countrey
                 be
                 is
                 of
                 ,
                 or
                 what
                 course
                 of
                 life
                 he
                 leads
                 ,
                 or
                 whether
                 he
                 be
                 deservedly
                 or
                 wrongfully
                 accused
                 ,
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 :
                 But
                 this
                 I
                 know
                 ,
                 that
                 meeting
                 me
                 once
                 in
                 the
              
               Laurentine
               
                 Way
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 was
                 travelling
                 along
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 narrow
                 passage
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 alight
                 from
                 his
                 horse
                 ;
                 which
                 whether
                 it
                 belong
                 to
                 your
                 cognizance
                 ,
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 ,
                 do
                 you
                 consider
                 that
                 ;
                 I
                 thought
                 it
                 not
                 sit
                 to
                 conceal
                 this
                 matter
                 .
              
               Presently
               the
               Judges
               condemned
               the
               Party
               ,
               scarce
               hearing
               any
               other
               Witnesses
               .
               For
               the
               Grandeur
               of
               the
               Speaker
               prevailed
               with
               them
               ,
               and
               his
               Indignation
               at
               the
               contempt
               of
               his
               neglected
               Dignity
               ;
               believing
               that
               he
               ,
               that
               scorn'd
               to
               reverence
               Princes
               ,
               would
               not
               stick
               to
               run
               into
               any
               wickedness
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               VI.
               Of
               those
               who
               committed
               themselves
               what
               they
               revenged
               in
               others
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 C.
                 Lic
                 .
                 Hoplomachus
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 C.
                 Marius
                 ,
                 
                   six
                   times
                   Consul
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 C.
                 Licinius
                 Calvus
                 Stolo
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Q.
                 Varius
                 Ibrida
                 .
              
            
             
               NOr
               must
               we
               pass
               over
               in
               silence
               those
               ,
               who
               committed
               themselves
               what
               they
               condemned
               in
               others
               .
            
             
             
               1.
               
               
                 C.
                 Licinius
              
               sirnamed
               Hoplomachus
               ,
               desired
               of
               the
               Praetor
               that
               his
               Father
               might
               be
               deprived
               of
               his
               estate
               ,
               as
               one
               that
               consumed
               it
               .
               What
               he
               requested
               he
               obtained
               .
               But
               he
               himself
               ,
               in
               a
               short
               time
               after
               ,
               when
               the
               Old-man
               was
               dead
               ,
               presently
               wasted
               a
               great
               sum
               of
               Money
               ,
               and
               several
               Farms
               left
               him
               by
               his
               Father
               .
               Worthy
               that
               vicissitude
               of
               punishment
               ▪
               as
               one
               that
               rather
               chose
               to
               consume
               his
               estate
               ,
               than
               take
               it
               as
               an
               Heir
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               
                 C.
                 Marius
              
               had
               acted
               the
               part
               of
               a
               great
               and
               faithful
               Citizen
               ,
               in
               ruining
               of
               
                 L.
                 Saturninus
              
               ,
               who
               held
               forth
               a
               Cap
               to
               the
               Slaves
               ,
               like
               an
               Ensigne
               ,
               inviting
               them
               to
               take
               up
               Armes
               .
               But
               when
               Sylla
               invaded
               the
               City
               with
               his
               Army
               ,
               he
               himself
               fled
               to
               the
               assistance
               of
               the
               Slaves
               ,
               by
               holding
               forth
               the
               Cap
               ,
               as
               the
               other
               had
               done
               .
               Therefore
               while
               he
               imitates
               a
               fact
               which
               he
               had
               punished
               ,
               he
               found
               another
               Marius
               ,
               to
               ruine
               him
               himself
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               But
               
                 Cains
                 Licinius
                 Stolo
              
               ,
               by
               whom
               the
               Plebeians
               were
               empowred
               to
               sue
               for
               the
               Consulship
               ,
               when
               he
               had
               made
               a
               Law
               that
               no
               man
               should
               possess
               above
               five
               hundred
               Acres
               of
               Land
               ,
               he
               purchas'd
               a
               thousand
               himself
               ;
               and
               to
               cover
               the
               matter
               ,
               made
               over
               the
               hal●
               to
               his
               Son.
               For
               which
               reason
               being
               prosecuted
               by
               
                 Popilius
                 Laenas
              
               ,
               he
               was
               the
               first
               that
               fell
               by
               his
               own
               Law
               :
               And
               taught
               us
               ,
               that
               nothing
               ought
               to
               be
               imposed
               ,
               but
               what
               every
               one
               first
               imposes
               upon
               himself
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               
                 Q.
                 Varius
              
               ,
               because
               of
               the
               obscurity
               of
               the
               place
               where
               he
               was
               born
               ,
               sirnamed
               Ibrida
               ,
               or
               half-Citizen
               ,
               being
               a
               Tribune
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               made
               a
               Law
               against
               the
               Intercession
               of
               the
               Colledge
               of
               Tribunes
               ;
               wherein
               there
               was
               a
               command
               to
               ●nquire
               by
               whose
               ●reachery
               the
               Allies
               were
               stirr'd
               to
               take
               up
               Armes
               ,
               to
               the
               great
               detriment
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               .
               For
               first
               he
               stirred
               up
               the
               War
               of
               the
               Allies
               ,
               and
               then
               the
               Civil
               War.
               
               But
               while
               he
               acts
               the
               part
               of
               pestiferous
               Tribune
               ,
               before
               that
               of
               a
               certain
               Citizen
               ,
               his
               own
               Law
               cut
               him
               off
               ,
               entangled
               in
               his
               own
               domestick
               snares
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               VII
               .
               Of
               Study
               and
               Industry
               .
            
             
               
                 Among
                 the
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 M.
                 Cato
                 
                   the
                   Greater
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Cato
                 of
                 Utica
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 M.
                 Terentius
                 Varro
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 C.
                 Livius
                 Drusus
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Paulus
                 
                   the
                   Senator
                   and
                
                 Pontius
                 Lupus
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Crassus
                 Mutianus
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Q.
                 Roscius
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   Comedian
                
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORREIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Demosthenes
                 of
                 Athens
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Pythagoras
                 of
                 Samos
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Plato
                 of
                 Athens
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Democritus
                 of
                 Abdera
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Carneades
                 the
                 Cyrenaean
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Anaxagoras
                 the
                 Clazomenian
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Archimedes
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Socrates
                 the
                 Athenian
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 Isocrates
                 the
                 Athenian
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 Chrysippus
                 of
                 Tarsus
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 Cleanthes
                 of
                 Assium
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 Sophocles
                 of
                 Athens
                 .
              
               
                 13.
                 
                 Simonides
                 of
                 Ceji.
                 
              
               
                 14.
                 
                 Solon
                 of
                 Athens
                 .
              
               
                 15.
                 
                 Themistocles
                 of
                 Athens
                 .
              
            
             
               WHerefore
               do
               I
               delay
               to
               commemorate
               the
               force
               of
               Industry
               ?
               By
               whose
               active
               spirit
               the
               Stipends
               of
               Warfare
               are
               corroboraetd
               ,
               and
               the
               glory
               of
               the
               Forum
               is
               enflamed
               ;
               all
               Studies
               are
               cherished
               in
               her
               faithful
               breast
               :
               Whatever
               is
               performed
               by
               the
               Hand
               ,
               by
               the
               Minde
               ,
               by
               the
               Tongue
               ,
               by
               her
               is
               added
               to
               the
               heap
               of
               applause
               ;
               which
               being
               an
               admirable
               vertue
               ,
               strengthens
               her self
               yet
               more
               by
               her
               own
               Constancy
               .
            
             
             
               1.
               
               Cato
               in
               the
               fourscore
               and
               sixth
               year
               of
               his
               age
               ,
               while
               he
               persists
               with
               a
               youthful
               vigour
               in
               defending
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               accused
               of
               a
               Capital
               Crime
               by
               his
               Enemies
               ,
               pleaded
               his
               own
               Cause
               :
               Yet
               no
               man
               ever
               observed
               so
               large
               a
               Memory
               ,
               a
               greater
               strength
               of
               Body
               ,
               or
               less
               hesitation
               of
               Speech
               .
               Because
               he
               kept
               all
               those
               things
               in
               equal
               condition
               ,
               and
               perpetually
               exercised
               by
               Industry
               .
               And
               at
               the
               very
               conclusion
               of
               his
               laborious
               life
               ,
               he
               opposed
               his
               own
               most
               eloquent
               Defence
               to
               the
               Accusation
               of
               Galba
               touching
               Spain
               ,
            
             
               The
               same
               person
               desired
               to
               learn
               the
               Greek
               Language
               :
               How
               late
               ,
               we
               may
               thence
               guess
               ,
               in
               that
               he
               was
               an
               old
               man
               before
               he
               learnt
               to
               read
               Latine
               .
               But
               when
               he
               had
               won
               great
               Honour
               by
               his
               Eloquence
               ,
               he
               did
               it
               to
               make
               himself
               skilful
               in
               the
               Civil
               Law.
               
            
             
               2.
               
               Whose
               wonderful
               Offspring
               ,
               nearer
               to
               our
               age
               ,
               Cato
               also
               ,
               burn't
               with
               such
               a
               desire
               of
               learning
               ,
               that
               in
               the
               very
               Court
               it self
               ,
               before
               the
               Senate
               fill'd
               ,
               he
               would
               be
               reading
               Greek
               Books
               .
               By
               which
               Industry
               he
               shewed
               that
               some
               want
               time
               ,
               others
               have
               more
               than
               they
               need
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               But
               
                 Terentius
                 Varro
              
               ,
               an
               Example
               of
               Humane
               Life
               ,
               and
               one
               that
               might
               be
               truly
               call'd
               ,
               
                 A
                 space
                 of
                 years
              
               ;
               not
               so
               much
               for
               his
               years
               ,
               which
               were
               equal
               to
               an
               Age
               of
               Time
               ,
               as
               for
               the
               vivacity
               of
               his
               Style
               .
               For
               in
               the
               same
               Bed
               his
               Breath
               ,
               and
               the
               course
               of
               his
               egregious
               Works
               expired
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               
                 Livius
                 Drusus
              
               ,
               a
               man
               of
               the
               fame
               perseverance
               ,
               who
               defective
               in
               vigour
               of
               Age
               and
               Eye-sight
               ,
               most
               bountifully
               interpreted
               the
               Civil
               Law
               to
               the
               People
               ,
               and
               composed
               most
               profitable
               Monuments
               for
               them
               that
               desire
               to
               learn
               it
               .
               For
               though
               Nature
               might
               make
               him
               old
               ,
               and
               Fortune
               blind
               ,
               yet
               neither
               could
               prevent
               him
               from
               being
               vigorous
               and
               quick-sighted
               in
               minde
               .
            
             
             
               5.
               
               But
               Paulus
               the
               Senator
               ,
               and
               
                 Pontius
                 Lupus
              
               a
               Roman
               Knight
               ,
               famous
               Pleaders
               in
               their
               times
               ,
               having
               both
               lost
               their
               sight
               ,
               with
               the
               same
               Industry
               continued
               at
               the
               Bar.
               Therefore
               were
               they
               also
               more
               frequently
               heard
               ,
               amid
               the
               concourses
               of
               some
               that
               were
               delighted
               with
               their
               Wit
               ,
               and
               of
               others
               that
               admir'd
               their
               Constancy
               .
               For
               they
               that
               are
               disheartned
               by
               such
               Misfortunes
               ,
               generally
               desire
               dismission
               ,
               adding
               voluntary
               to
               fortuitous
               darkness
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               Now
               
                 P.
                 Crassus
              
               ,
               when
               he
               came
               Consul
               into
               Asia
               against
               King
               Aristonicus
               ,
               with
               so
               much
               care
               he
               comprehended
               in
               his
               minde
               the
               knowledge
               of
               the
               Greek
               tongue
               ,
               that
               he
               understood
               it
               ,
               though
               divided
               into
               five
               Dialects
               ,
               in
               all
               its
               parts
               and
               quantities
               .
               Which
               mightily
               won
               him
               the
               love
               of
               the
               Allies
               ,
               while
               he
               answered
               every
               one
               in
               the
               Language
               wherein
               they
               made
               their
               requests
               before
               his
               Tribunal
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               Let
               not
               Roscius
               be
               left
               out
               ,
               a
               notable
               Example
               of
               Theatrical
               Industry
               ,
               who
               never
               exposed
               to
               the
               People
               any
               other
               Action
               or
               Gesture
               ,
               but
               what
               he
               had
               studied
               before
               at
               his
               own
               house
               .
               Therefore
               did
               not
               the
               Art
               of
               Playing
               make
               Roscius
               esteemed
               ,
               but
               Roscius
               made
               the
               Art
               of
               Playing
               esteemed
               ;
               whereby
               he
               obtained
               not
               onely
               the
               favour
               of
               the
               people
               ,
               but
               the
               familiarity
               of
               Princes
               .
               These
               are
               the
               rewards
               of
               an
               intent
               ,
               anxious
               ,
               and
               never-ceasing
               Study
               :
               For
               which
               reason
               the
               person
               of
               a
               Player
               is
               not
               impudently
               inserted
               among
               the
               praises
               of
               so
               many
               great
               men
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Grecian
                 Industry
                 also
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 was
                 very
                 advantageous
                 to
                 ours
                 ,
                 ought
                 to
                 receive
                 the
                 fruit
                 which
                 it
                 deserved
                 from
                 the
                 Latine
                 Tongue
                 .
                 Demosthenes
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 mentioning
                 of
                 whose
                 name
                 arises
                 in
                 the
                 
                 thoughts
                 of
                 the
                 hearers
                 the
                 perfection
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Eloquence
                 ,
                 when
                 in
                 his
                 youth
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 pronounce
                 the
                 first
                 Letter
                 of
                 the
                 Art
                 which
                 he
                 so
                 much
                 affected
                 ,
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 labour
                 vanquished
                 the
                 defect
                 of
                 Pronunciation
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 man
                 ever
                 pronounced
                 it
                 naturally
                 more
                 freely
                 .
                 Then
                 again
                 ,
                 having
                 a
                 shrill
                 squeaking
                 Voice
                 ,
                 harsh
                 to
                 the
                 ear
                 ,
                 he
                 brought
                 it
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 a
                 grave
                 and
                 acceptable
                 Tone
                 .
                 Then
                 being
                 but
                 a
                 weakly
                 man
                 ,
                 he
                 borrowed
                 from
                 labour
                 and
                 practice
                 ,
                 that
                 strength
                 of
                 Body
                 which
                 nature
                 had
                 denied
                 him
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 comprehended
                 several
                 Sentences
                 in
                 one
                 breath
                 ,
                 and
                 pronounced
                 them
                 walking
                 up
                 hill
                 with
                 a
                 swift
                 pace
                 .
                 And
                 standing
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea-side
                 ,
                 made
                 his
                 Declamations
                 to
                 the
                 roaring
                 of
                 the
                 Waves
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 enure
                 his
                 ears
                 with
                 patience
                 to
                 the
                 clamours
                 and
                 noises
                 of
                 tumultuous
                 Assemblies
                 .
                 He
                 is
                 reported
                 also
                 to
                 have
                 accustomed
                 himself
                 to
                 speak
                 much
                 and
                 long
                 with
                 stones
                 held
                 in
                 his
                 mouth
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 speak
                 with
                 more
                 freedom
                 when
                 it
                 was
                 empty
                 .
                 He
                 warred
                 against
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 off
                 Victor
                 ;
                 with
                 a
                 most
                 obstinate
                 strength
                 of
                 minde
                 overcoming
                 her
                 malignity
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 And
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 ascend
                 to
                 a
                 more
                 antient
                 act
                 of
                 Industry
                 ,
                 Phythagoras
                 ,
                 a
                 most
                 perfect
                 work
                 of
                 a
                 wisdome
                 from
                 his
                 Childhood
                 ,
                 and
                 inflamed
                 with
                 a
                 desire
                 of
                 understanding
                 all
                 Honesty
                 and
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 went
                 into
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 where
                 being
                 accustomed
                 to
                 the
                 language
                 ,
                 he
                 search'd
                 the
                 Commentaries
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 antient
                 Priests
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 away
                 the
                 Observations
                 of
                 innumerable
                 Ages
                 .
                 Then
                 travelling
                 into
                 Persia
                 ,
                 he
                 delivered
                 himself
                 up
                 to
                 be
                 taught
                 by
                 the
                 exact
                 prudence
                 of
                 the
                 Magi
                 :
                 From
                 whom
                 he
                 treasur'd
                 up
                 in
                 his
                 docible
                 minde
                 the
                 Motions
                 of
                 the
                 Stars
                 ;
                 their
                 Courses
                 ,
                 their
                 Effects
                 ,
                 Properties
                 ,
                 and
                 Force
                 ,
                 being
                 courteously
                 explained
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 From
                 thence
                 he
                 visited
                 Creet
                 and
                 Laced●mon
                 ,
                 into
                 whose
                 Laws
                 and
                 Manners
                 having
                 made
                 inspection
                 ,
                 he
                 descended
                 to
                 the
                 Olympian
                 Games
                 ;
                 
                 where
                 when
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 admiration
                 of
                 all
                 Greece
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 given
                 evident
                 demonstration
                 of
                 his
                 multiplied
                 knowledge
                 ,
                 being
                 ask●d
                 ,
                 by
                 what
                 Title
                 he
                 went
                 by
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 answer
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 Wise
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 that
                 title
                 belong'd
                 only
                 to
                 the
                 seven
                 most
                 excellent
                 men
                 )
                 but
                 a
                 
                   Lover
                   of
                   Wisdome
                
                 .
                 He
                 also
                 travelled
                 into
                 part
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 then
                 called
                 the
                 bigger
                 Graecia
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 chiefest
                 and
                 richest
                 Cities
                 whereof
                 he
                 shewed
                 the
                 effects
                 of
                 his
                 Studies
                 .
                 Whose
                 burning
                 Funeral-Pile
                 Metaponius
                 beheld
                 with
                 eyes
                 full
                 of
                 veneration
                 :
                 A
                 Town
                 more
                 famous
                 for
                 Pythagoras
                 Tomb
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 monument
                 of
                 its
                 own
                 ashes
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Plato
                 having
                 Athens
                 for
                 his
                 place
                 of
                 Nativity
                 ,
                 and
                 Socrates
                 for
                 his
                 Master
                 ,
                 both
                 place
                 and
                 man
                 fertil
                 in
                 Learning
                 ;
                 fraught
                 also
                 himself
                 with
                 a
                 celestial
                 abundance
                 of
                 Wit
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 accounted
                 the
                 wisest
                 of
                 all
                 Mortals
                 ,
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 Iupiter
                 should
                 descend
                 from
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 a
                 more
                 elegant
                 or
                 happier
                 Eloquence
                 ;
                 yet
                 for
                 all
                 this
                 he
                 travell'd
                 to
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 learnt
                 from
                 the
                 Priests
                 of
                 that
                 Nation
                 ,
                 he
                 manifold
                 secrets
                 of
                 Geometry
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 Celestial
                 Observations
                 .
                 And
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 that
                 the
                 studious
                 Gentlemen
                 of
                 Athens
                 sought
                 for
                 Plato
                 ,
                 whom
                 every
                 one
                 strove
                 to
                 have
                 his
                 Tutor
                 ,
                 he
                 by
                 visiting
                 the
                 riddle-like
                 Banks
                 of
                 Nile
                 ,
                 and
                 vast
                 Regions
                 ,
                 extended
                 Barbarisme
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 winding
                 Canals
                 of
                 a
                 strange
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 of
                 an
                 Ancient
                 Master
                 became
                 a
                 Scholar
                 .
                 No
                 wonder
                 then
                 that
                 he
                 travell'd
                 into
                 Italy
                 ,
                 there
                 from
                 Archytas
                 of
                 
                   Tarentum
                   ,
                   Timaeus
                   ,
                   Arion
                
                 and
                 Caetus
                 of
                 Locri
                 ,
                 to
                 learn
                 the
                 precepts
                 of
                 Pythagoras
                 .
                 For
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 plenty
                 ,
                 so
                 great
                 an
                 abundance
                 of
                 Learning
                 was
                 every
                 where
                 to
                 be
                 collected
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 might
                 easily
                 be
                 dispersed
                 from
                 one
                 place
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 world
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 also
                 under
                 his
                 head
                 at
                 above
                 fourscore
                 
                 years
                 of
                 age
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 lay
                 a
                 dying
                 ,
                 the
                 jeasts
                 of
                 Sophron.
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 last
                 hour
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 was
                 not
                 free
                 from
                 the
                 exercise
                 of
                 Study
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 But
                 Democritus
                 ,
                 for
                 all
                 his
                 vast
                 wealth
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Father
                 could
                 have
                 given
                 a
                 Banquet
                 to
                 the
                 Army
                 of
                 Xerxes
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 minde
                 might
                 be
                 more
                 free
                 for
                 the
                 study
                 of
                 Letters
                 ,
                 keeping
                 a
                 small
                 pittance
                 to
                 himself
                 ,
                 gave
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 his
                 Countrey
                 .
                 Then
                 abiding
                 at
                 Athens
                 for
                 several
                 years
                 ,
                 spending
                 all
                 his
                 time
                 in
                 gaining
                 and
                 practising
                 learning
                 ,
                 he
                 liv'd
                 unknown
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 testifies
                 in
                 a
                 certain
                 Volume
                 .
                 I
                 am
                 in
                 a
                 maze
                 at
                 so
                 much
                 Industry
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 must
                 go
                 on
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Carneades
                 was
                 a
                 labori●us
                 and
                 diuturnal
                 Souldier
                 of
                 Wisdome's
                 :
                 For
                 after
                 the
                 expiration
                 of
                 ninety
                 years
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 one
                 end
                 of
                 Living
                 and
                 Philosophizing
                 He
                 had
                 so
                 addicted
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 works
                 of
                 Learning
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 he
                 ●ate
                 down
                 to
                 eat
                 ,
                 busie
                 in
                 his
                 thoughts
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 forget
                 to
                 reach
                 his
                 meat
                 .
                 But
                 Melissa
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 kept
                 as
                 a
                 Wife
                 ,
                 dutiful
                 to
                 supply
                 his
                 hunger
                 ,
                 never
                 went
                 to
                 interrupt
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 fed
                 him
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 lived
                 only
                 in
                 his
                 Soul
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 encompass'd
                 with
                 a
                 superfluous
                 body
                 .
                 Being
                 to
                 dispute
                 with
                 Chrysippus
                 ,
                 he
                 purged
                 his
                 body
                 before
                 hand
                 with
                 Hellebore
                 ,
                 to
                 explain
                 his
                 own
                 minde
                 more
                 attentively
                 ,
                 and
                 refel
                 his
                 adversary
                 more
                 powerfully
                 .
                 Which
                 Potions
                 he
                 made
                 afterwards
                 to
                 be
                 coveted
                 on
                 purpose
                 by
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 covetous
                 of
                 applause
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 What
                 can
                 we
                 think
                 was
                 the
                 zeal
                 of
                 Anaxagoras
                 for
                 Learning
                 ?
                 Who
                 returning
                 home
                 after
                 a
                 long
                 Travel
                 ,
                 and
                 seeing
                 his
                 estate
                 lye
                 untill'd
                 and
                 waste
                 ;
                 
                   I
                   had
                   not
                   been
                   safe
                
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   had
                   not
                   these
                   decayed
                
                 An
                 expression
                 becoming
                 for-fetch'd
                 Wisdome
                 .
                 For
                 had
                 he
                 labour'd
                 more
                 in
                 the
                 manuring
                 his
                 Lands
                 than
                 his
                 Minde
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 remained
                 Masters
                 of
                 his
                 family
                 at
                 
                 home
                 ,
                 but
                 had
                 not
                 returned
                 into
                 his
                 Country
                 the
                 great
                 Anaxagoras
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 I
                 might
                 say
                 that
                 the
                 Industry
                 of
                 Archimedes
                 was
                 very
                 prontable
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 it
                 g●ve
                 him
                 life
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 if
                 from
                 him
                 again
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 Syracuse
                 was
                 taken
                 ,
                 Marcellus
                 was
                 sensible
                 that
                 his
                 Victory
                 was
                 much
                 delayed
                 by
                 his
                 Engines
                 ,
                 yet
                 infinitely
                 taken
                 with
                 the
                 Prudence
                 of
                 the
                 person
                 ,
                 he
                 commanded
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 to
                 spare
                 his
                 Life
                 ▪
                 assuming
                 perhaps
                 almost
                 as
                 much
                 glory
                 in
                 saving
                 Archimedes
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 destroying
                 Syracuse
                 .
                 But
                 while
                 Archimedes
                 was
                 making
                 Figures
                 with
                 his
                 minde
                 and
                 eyes
                 fixed
                 upon
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 a
                 Souldier
                 ,
                 that
                 was
                 broken
                 into
                 his
                 house
                 to
                 plunder
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 drawn
                 Sword
                 asked
                 him
                 who
                 he
                 was
                 .
                 The
                 Philosopher
                 was
                 so
                 intent
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 return'd
                 him
                 no
                 direct
                 Answer
                 ,
                 but
                 parting
                 dust
                 with
                 his
                 finger
                 ,
                 
                   Have
                   a
                   care
                
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   of
                   spoyling
                   this
                   Circle
                
                 .
                 Thereupon
                 ,
                 as
                 one
                 that
                 slighted
                 the
                 Victor
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 the
                 Souldier
                 cut
                 off
                 his
                 Head
                 ,
                 and
                 blended
                 his
                 blood
                 with
                 the
                 Lineaments
                 of
                 his
                 Art.
                 Thus
                 the
                 same
                 Study
                 gave
                 him
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 deprived
                 him
                 of
                 it
                 again
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Most
                 certain
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 Socrates
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 stricken
                 in
                 years
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 learn
                 Musick
                 ;
                 believing
                 it
                 better
                 to
                 learn
                 that
                 Art
                 ,
                 late
                 than
                 never
                 .
                 How
                 little
                 an
                 accession
                 of
                 knowledge
                 was
                 that
                 to
                 Socrates
                 ?
                 Yet
                 the
                 obstinate
                 Industry
                 of
                 the
                 person
                 ,
                 to
                 so
                 much
                 wealth
                 and
                 treasure
                 of
                 Learning
                 ,
                 would
                 also
                 adde
                 the
                 profitable
                 Elements
                 of
                 Musick
                 .
                 Thus
                 while
                 he
                 thought
                 poor
                 to
                 learn
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 himself
                 rich
                 to
                 teach
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 And
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 reduce
                 the
                 Examples
                 of
                 a
                 long
                 and
                 successful
                 Industry
                 to
                 one
                 head
                 ;
                 Isocrates
                 compos'd
                 that
                 most
                 noble
                 Book
                 ,
                 entitled
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 fourscore
                 and
                 four
                 years
                 of
                 Age
                 ,
                 yet
                 ●
                 work
                 full
                 of
                 life
                 and
                 spirit
                 .
                 By
                 which
                 it
                 appears
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 members
                 of
                 learned
                 men
                 growing
                 old
                 ,
                 yet
                 
                 their
                 Minds
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 Industry
                 ,
                 retain
                 the
                 full
                 vigour
                 of
                 Youth
                 .
                 Nor
                 did
                 he
                 end
                 his
                 days
                 ,
                 till
                 he
                 had
                 five
                 years
                 enjoyed
                 the
                 fruit
                 of
                 the
                 admiration
                 of
                 his
                 work
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 Lesser
                 bounds
                 terminated
                 the
                 life
                 of
                 Chrysippus
                 ,
                 yet
                 was
                 not
                 short-liv'd
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 left
                 behind
                 him
                 the
                 thirty
                 ninth
                 Book
                 of
                 his
                 Logicks
                 ,
                 a
                 book
                 of
                 exact
                 nicety
                 ,
                 begun
                 in
                 the
                 Eightieth
                 Year
                 of
                 his
                 Age.
                 Whose
                 Study
                 in
                 delivering
                 the
                 monuments
                 of
                 his
                 Wit
                 ,
                 took
                 up
                 so
                 much
                 time
                 and
                 labour
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 longer
                 life
                 would
                 be
                 r●quisite
                 to
                 understand
                 the
                 depth
                 of
                 his
                 writings
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 Thee
                 also
                 ,
                 Cleanthes
                 ,
                 so
                 industrious
                 in
                 searching
                 after
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 laboriously
                 delivering
                 Wisdome
                 ,
                 the
                 Deity
                 of
                 Industry
                 could
                 not
                 but
                 admire
                 ;
                 when
                 she
                 beheld
                 thee
                 in
                 thy
                 youth
                 ,
                 maintaining
                 thy self
                 by
                 carrying
                 water
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Day
                 a
                 diligent
                 heares
                 of
                 Chrysippus
                 ,
                 and
                 till
                 the
                 Hundredth
                 year
                 within
                 one
                 ,
                 with
                 attentive
                 care
                 instructing
                 thy
                 Disciples
                 .
                 With
                 a
                 double
                 labour
                 thou
                 hast
                 taken
                 up
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 one
                 Age
                 ,
                 making
                 it
                 uncertain
                 ,
                 whether
                 thou
                 wert
                 a
                 better
                 Scholar
                 or
                 a
                 Master
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 Sopholces
                 had
                 also
                 a
                 glorious
                 combat
                 with
                 Nature
                 ,
                 as
                 liberal
                 of
                 his
                 wonderful
                 Works
                 ,
                 as
                 she
                 was
                 liberal
                 in
                 giving
                 him
                 long
                 Time
                 to
                 compose
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 lived
                 near
                 an
                 Hundred
                 years
                 ,
                 his
                 
                   Oedipus
                   Coloneus
                
                 being
                 written
                 by
                 him
                 just
                 before
                 his
                 death
                 .
                 By
                 which
                 one
                 Tragedy
                 he
                 won
                 the
                 honour
                 from
                 all
                 the
                 Poets
                 in
                 that
                 way
                 :
                 Which
                 Iophon
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Sophocles
                 ,
                 would
                 not
                 have
                 concealed
                 from
                 Posterity
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 caused
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 inscribed
                 upon
                 his
                 Fathers
                 Tomb.
                 
              
               
                 13.
                 
                 Simonides
                 the
                 poet
                 at
                 Fourscore
                 years
                 of
                 Age
                 boasts
                 himself
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 taught
                 Verses
                 ,
                 and
                 contended
                 for
                 the
                 prize
                 at
                 those
                 years
                 .
                 Nor
                 was
                 it
                 but
                 reason
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 long
                 enjoy
                 the
                 fruit
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Wit
                 ,
                 
                 Who
                 was
                 himself
                 to
                 communicate
                 them
                 for
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 eternity
                 .
              
               
                 14.
                 
                 Now
                 for
                 Solon
                 ,
                 how
                 industrious
                 he
                 was
                 ,
                 he
                 has
                 declared
                 in
                 his
                 Verses
                 :
                 Wherein
                 he
                 signifies
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 grew
                 old
                 ,
                 always
                 learning
                 something
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 last
                 day
                 of
                 his
                 life
                 confirmed
                 it
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 his
                 Friends
                 were
                 sitting
                 by
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 discoursing
                 among
                 themselves
                 upon
                 some
                 subject
                 or
                 other
                 ,
                 he
                 lifted
                 up
                 his
                 head
                 ▪
                 then
                 just
                 about
                 to
                 bow
                 to
                 sate
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 asked
                 why
                 he
                 did
                 so
                 ;
                 
                   That
                   when
                   I
                   understand
                
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   what
                   it
                   is
                   you
                   are
                   disputing
                   upon
                   ,
                   I
                   may
                   dye
                   .
                
                 Certainly
                 Sloath
                 had
                 bin
                 banished
                 from
                 among
                 mankinde
                 ,
                 if
                 all
                 men
                 should
                 come
                 into
                 the
                 world
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Spirit
                 that
                 Solon
                 left
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 15.
                 
                 How
                 great
                 was
                 the
                 industry
                 of
                 
                   Themistocles
                   ●
                
                 Who
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 affairs
                 of
                 his
                 Countrey
                 upon
                 his
                 shoulders
                 ,
                 yet
                 was
                 able
                 to
                 remember
                 the
                 particular
                 names
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 fellow-Citizens
                 .
                 And
                 being
                 through
                 high
                 Injustice
                 driv'n
                 from
                 his
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 and
                 compell'd
                 to
                 fly
                 to
                 Xerxes
                 ,
                 whom
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 he
                 had
                 vanquish'd
                 in
                 battle
                 ,
                 before
                 he
                 come
                 into
                 his
                 presence
                 ,
                 he
                 accustom'd
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 Persian
                 language
                 ,
                 that
                 having
                 purcha●●d
                 commendation
                 by
                 labour
                 ,
                 he
                 might
                 render
                 the
                 Tone
                 of
                 his
                 voice
                 familiar
                 ,
                 and
                 customary
                 to
                 the
                 Kings
                 ear
                 .
              
               
                 16.
                 
                 The
                 Applause
                 of
                 both
                 which
                 sorts
                 of
                 Industry
                 ,
                 two
                 Kings
                 divided
                 between
                 them
                 :
                 Cyrus
                 remembring
                 all
                 the
                 names
                 of
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 ;
                 Mithridates
                 learning
                 two
                 and
                 twenty
                 several
                 Tongues
                 spoken
                 within
                 his
                 Dominions
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 address
                 himself
                 to
                 his
                 Army
                 without
                 a
                 Director
                 :
                 the
                 other
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 discourse
                 to
                 the
                 people
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 govern'd
                 ,
                 without
                 an
                 Interpreter
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VIII
               .
               Of
               Ease
               praised
               .
            
             
               
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 P.
                 Aemilianus
                 and
                 C.
                 Laelius
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Mu●ius
                 Scaevola
                 ,
                 Augur
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Socrates
                 of
                 Athens
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Achilles
                 in
                 Homer
                 .
              
            
             
               EAse
               ,
               because
               it
               seems
               to
               be
               contrary
               to
               Industry
               ,
               but
               chiefly
               to
               Labour
               ,
               ought
               to
               be
               briefly
               touch'd
               upon
               :
               Not
               that
               which
               extinguishes
               ,
               but
               which
               recreates
               Vertue
               .
               For
               the
               sloathful
               ought
               to
               avoid
               the
               one
               ,
               and
               the
               brave
               and
               stout
               may
               desire
               the
               other
               .
               They
               ,
               that
               they
               may
               not
               live
               like
               Drones
               ;
               these
               ,
               that
               by
               a
               seasonable
               intermission
               from
               toyl
               ,
               they
               may
               be
               the
               fitter
               for
               Labour
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               The
               famous
               pair
               of
               Friends
               ,
               Scipio
               and
               Laelius
               ,
               united
               together
               not
               only
               by
               the
               bond
               of
               Love
               ,
               but
               by
               an
               association
               of
               all
               other
               Vertues
               ;
               as
               they
               perform'd
               the
               journey
               of
               a
               painful
               life
               with
               equal
               steps
               ,
               so
               they
               generally
               relax'd
               from
               business
               by
               consent
               .
               For
               it
               is
               certain
               ,
               that
               at
               Caieta
               and
               Lourenium
               ,
               they
               used
               to
               gather
               up
               Shells
               and
               little
               Stones
               upon
               the
               Shoar
               .
               And
               this
               
                 L.
                 Crassus
              
               often
               reported
               from
               the
               mouth
               of
               
                 Q.
                 Scaevola
              
               ,
               who
               was
               Son-in-Law
               to
               Laelius
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               As
               for
               Scaevola
               ,
               as
               he
               was
               the
               most
               certain
               witness
               of
               their
               Relaxation
               ,
               so
               he
               himself
               was
               wont
               to
               play
               at
               Ball
               ;
               having
               us'd
               to
               delight
               himself
               in
               that
               sort
               of
               exercise
               ,
               when
               the
               weight
               of
               his
               business
               was
               over
               .
               Sometimes
               he
               was
               wont
               to
               spend
               his
               time
               at
               
               Chess
               and
               Tables
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               bin
               long
               ordering
               the
               Rights
               of
               his
               Citizens
               ,
               and
               the
               Ceremonies
               of
               his
               Gods.
               For
               as
               he
               acted
               Scaevola
               in
               serious
               things
               ,
               so
               he
               shewed
               himself
               but
               only
               Man
               in
               his
               Sports
               and
               Recreations
               ,
               as
               whom
               Nature
               will
               not
               suffer
               to
               abide
               continual
               Labour
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 This
                 Socra●es
                 saw
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 no
                 part
                 of
                 Wisdom
                 was
                 obscure
                 :
                 which
                 made
                 him
                 that
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 blush
                 ,
                 when
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
                 setting
                 a
                 reed
                 between
                 his
                 legs
                 ,
                 laugh'd
                 at
                 him
                 for
                 playing
                 with
                 his
                 little
                 Children
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Homer
                 ,
                 a
                 Poet
                 for
                 a
                 Celestial
                 Wit
                 ,
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 minde
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 fitted
                 the
                 soft
                 Harp
                 to
                 the
                 Martial
                 fingers
                 of
                 Achilles
                 ,
                 to
                 ease
                 their
                 Military
                 pain
                 with
                 the
                 soft
                 recreations
                 of
                 Peace
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               IX
               .
               Of
               the
               force
               of
               Eloquence
               .
            
             
               
                 In
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Mu.
                 Valerius
                 Maximus
                 Dictator
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Marcus
                 Antonius
                 
                   the
                   Orator
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 C.
                 Aurelius
                 Cotta
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 STRANGERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Pisistratus
                 of
                 Athens
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Pericles
                 of
                 Athens
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Hegesias
                 of
                 Cyrene
                 .
              
            
             
               THough
               it
               be
               certain
               that
               the
               force
               of
               Eloquence
               is
               infinitely
               prevalent
               ;
               yet
               is
               it
               convenient
               that
               it
               should
               be
               displayed
               under
               proper
               Examples
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               the
               power
               thereof
               may
               be
               the
               better
               testified
               .
            
             
             
               1.
               
               The
               Kings
               being
               ejected
               ,
               the
               Common-people
               in
               dissention
               with
               the
               Fathers
               ,
               betook
               themselves
               to
               Armes
               ,
               and
               pitch'd
               upon
               the
               Banks
               of
               the
               River
               Anio
               ,
               upon
               the
               holy
               Hill.
               So
               that
               the
               state
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               was
               not
               only
               bad
               ,
               but
               in
               a
               most
               miserable
               condition
               ,
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               body
               being
               divided
               from
               the
               head
               .
               And
               unless
               Eloquence
               had
               befriended
               Valerius
               ,
               the
               hopes
               of
               so
               great
               an
               Empire
               had
               bin
               ruin'd
               in
               its
               Infancy
               .
               For
               he
               by
               an
               Oration
               reduc'd
               the
               people
               ,
               glorying
               in
               a
               new
               and
               unwonted
               freedome
               ,
               to
               their
               obedience
               to
               the
               Senate
               ,
               brought
               them
               to
               take
               sober
               counsels
               ,
               and
               joyn'd
               the
               City
               to
               the
               City
               .
               Therefore
               to
               eloquent
               words
               ,
               Wrath
               ,
               Consternation
               and
               Armes
               gave
               way
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Which
               also
               restrain'd
               the
               Swords
               of
               Marius
               and
               Cinua
               ,
               raging
               with
               an
               impetuous
               des●re
               of
               shedding
               Civil
               blood
               .
               For
               certain
               Sou●dier●
               being
               sent
               by
               their
               Captains
               to
               take
               off
               the
               Head
               of
               
                 M.
                 Antonius
              
               ,
               stupified
               with
               his
               language
               ,
               they
               return'd
               their
               drawn
               Swords
               unstain'd
               with
               blood
               into
               their
               Scabbards
               .
               Who
               being
               gone
               ,
               
                 P.
                 Antronius
              
               ,
               who
               had
               not
               heard
               the
               voice
               of
               
                 Mar.
                 Antonius
              
               to
               the
               Souldiers
               ,
               performed
               the
               severe
               command
               ,
               barbarously
               obsequious
               to
               his
               Masters
               .
               How
               eloquent
               therefore
               may
               we
               think
               him
               to
               be
               ,
               whom
               none
               of
               his
               Enemies
               durst
               adventure
               to
               kill
               ,
               who
               would
               but
               admit
               his
               charming
               language
               to
               his
               ears
               !
            
             
               3.
               
               Divine
               Iulius
               ,
               the
               perfect
               Pillar
               as
               well
               of
               the
               celestial
               Deities
               of
               humane
               Wit
               ,
               demonstrated
               the
               force
               of
               his
               own
               Eloquence
               ,
               saying
               in
               his
               Accusation
               of
               
                 Cn.
                 Dolabella
              
               ,
               whom
               he
               convicted
               of
               Bribery
               ,
               that
               the
               best
               cause
               in
               the
               world
               had
               been
               extorted
               from
               him
               by
               the
               Patron●ge
               of
               
                 C.
                 Cotta
              
               .
               For
               then
               the
               greatest
               force
               of
               Eloquence
               complain'd
               .
               Of
               which
               having
               made
               mention
               ,
               because
               I
               can
               bring
               up
               greater
               Example
               at
               home
               ,
               we
               must
               travel
               abroad
               .
            
             
               
               
                 STRANGERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Pisistratus
                 is
                 reported
                 to
                 have
                 prevail'd
                 so
                 far
                 by
                 speaking
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Athenians
                 taken
                 only
                 with
                 his
                 Oration
                 ,
                 permitted
                 him
                 the
                 Regal
                 Sway
                 :
                 And
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 more
                 ,
                 when
                 Solon
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 Lover
                 of
                 his
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 endeavoured
                 all
                 he
                 could
                 to
                 the
                 contrary
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 But
                 Pericles
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 his
                 happy
                 endowments
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 carefully
                 polish'd
                 and
                 instructed
                 by
                 his
                 Master
                 Anaxageras
                 ,
                 laid
                 the
                 yoak
                 of
                 Servitude
                 upon
                 the
                 free
                 necks
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 swayed
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 carried
                 affairs
                 which
                 way
                 he
                 pleas'd
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 he
                 spoke
                 against
                 the
                 Will
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 his
                 language
                 nevertheless
                 was
                 pleasing
                 and
                 popular
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 calumniating
                 Wit
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Old
                   Comedy
                
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 snarling
                 at
                 his
                 Power
                 ,
                 yet
                 confess'd
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 an
                 Eloquence
                 sweeter
                 than
                 Honey
                 that
                 hung
                 upon
                 his
                 Lips
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 left
                 certain
                 stings
                 in
                 the
                 mindes
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 heard
                 it
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 reported
                 that
                 a
                 certain
                 person
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 very
                 old
                 ,
                 chanc'd
                 to
                 hear
                 the
                 very
                 first
                 Oration
                 of
                 Pericles
                 a
                 young
                 man
                 ,
                 who
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 had
                 heard
                 Pesistratus
                 then
                 decrepit
                 with
                 age
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 contain
                 himself
                 from
                 crying
                 out
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   that
                   Citizen
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   lookt
                   after
                   ,
                   because
                   his
                   Oration
                   was
                   most
                   like
                   to
                   the
                   Oration
                   of
                
                 Pisistratus
                 .
                 Neither
                 did
                 the
                 man
                 sail
                 in
                 his
                 judgment
                 of
                 the
                 Speech
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 presage
                 of
                 his
                 disposition
                 .
                 For
                 what
                 was
                 the
                 difference
                 between
                 Pisistratus
                 and
                 Pericles
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 first
                 held
                 the
                 Government
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Armes
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 governed
                 without
                 force
                 ?
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 What
                 may
                 we
                 think
                 of
                 the
                 Eloquence
                 of
                 Hegesias
                 the
                 Cyrenian
                 ?
                 Who
                 so
                 represented
                 the
                 miseries
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 words
                 taking
                 deep
                 root
                 in
                 the
                 hearts
                 
                 of
                 his
                 hearers
                 ,
                 begot
                 a
                 desire
                 in
                 many
                 to
                 seek
                 a
                 voluntary
                 Death
                 ?
                 And
                 therefore
                 he
                 was
                 forbid
                 by
                 King
                 Ptolomie
                 to
                 dispute
                 any
                 farther
                 upon
                 that
                 subject
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               X.
               Of
               Pronuntiation
               ,
               and
               apt
               Motion
               of
               the
               Body
               .
            
             
               
                 In
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 C.
                 Gracchus
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Q.
                 Hortensius
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 M.
                 Tullius
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 STRANGERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Demosthenes
                 the
                 Athenian
                 .
              
            
             
               BUt
               the
               Ornaments
               of
               Eloquence
               consist
               in
               apt
               Motion
               of
               the
               Body
               ,
               and
               due
               Pronuntiation
               :
               Wherewith
               when
               she
               has
               furnished
               her self
               ,
               she
               assails
               men
               three
               ways
               ;
               by
               invading
               their
               Mindes
               ,
               and
               delivering
               up
               the
               ears
               of
               the
               one
               and
               the
               eyes
               of
               the
               other
               to
               over-persuasion
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               But
               to
               make
               this
               good
               in
               famous
               men
               ;
               
                 C.
                 Gracchus
              
               ,
               more
               happy
               in
               his
               Eloquence
               than
               his
               Designes
               ,
               because
               he
               strove
               with
               a
               turbulent
               Wit
               rather
               to
               disturb
               than
               defend
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               as
               often
               as
               he
               spoke
               to
               the
               People
               ,
               had
               a
               Servant
               that
               understood
               Music
               behinde
               him
               ,
               who
               with
               an
               Ivory
               Pipe
               regulated
               the
               tone
               of
               his
               Voice
               ,
               raising
               the
               note
               when
               it
               was
               too
               low
               ,
               and
               pitching
               it
               lower
               when
               it
               was
               too
               high
               and
               eager
               :
               Because
               heat
               and
               violence
               of
               action
               ,
               did
               not
               suffer
               him
               to
               be
               a
               true
               Judge
               of
               the
               equality
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               
                 Quintus
                 Hortensius
              
               thinking
               there
               was
               very
               much
               to
               be
               ascribed
               to
               a
               decent
               and
               comly
               motion
               of
               the
               Body
               ,
               spent
               more
               time
               in
               practising
               that
               ,
               than
               in
               
               studying
               for
               Eloquence
               .
               So
               that
               it
               was
               hard
               to
               know
               ,
               whether
               the
               Concourse
               were
               greater
               to
               hear
               or
               see
               him
               ;
               So
               mutually
               did
               his
               Aspect
               serve
               his
               words
               ,
               and
               his
               words
               his
               Aspect
               .
               And
               therefore
               it
               is
               certain
               ,
               that
               Roscius
               and
               Aesopus
               ,
               the
               most
               skilful
               Actors
               in
               the
               world
               ,
               would
               be
               always
               in
               Court
               when
               Hortensius
               pleaded
               ,
               to
               carry
               away
               his
               postures
               to
               the
               Stage
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Now
               as
               for
               
                 M.
                 Cicero
              
               ,
               he
               has
               himself
               declar'd
               ,
               how
               great
               a
               value
               he
               set
               upon
               both
               these
               things
               ,
               of
               which
               we
               have
               discours'd
               ,
               in
               his
               Oration
               for
               Gallius
               ,
               reproaching
               Callidius
               the
               Accuser
               ,
               that
               when
               he
               affirm'd
               that
               he
               would
               prove
               by
               Witnesses
               ,
               Writings
               ,
               and
               Examinations
               ,
               that
               the
               Party
               accus'd
               had
               prepared
               poyson
               for
               him
               ,
               he
               did
               it
               with
               a
               smooth
               Countenance
               ,
               a
               faint
               Voice
               ,
               and
               a
               calm
               manner
               of
               speaking
               ,
               whereby
               he
               detected
               as
               well
               the
               fault
               of
               the
               Orator
               ,
               as
               the
               argument
               of
               his
               weak
               cause
               ,
               concluding
               thus
               ;
               
                 Couldst
                 thou
                 do
                 thus
              
               ,
               M.
               Calidius
               ,
               
                 unless
                 thou
                 didst
                 but
                 counterfeit
              
               ?
            
             
               
                 STRANGERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Consentaneous
                 to
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 judgment
                 of
                 Demosthenes
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 ask'd
                 what
                 was
                 the
                 most
                 efficacious
                 part
                 that
                 belong'd
                 to
                 speaking
                 ,
                 answered
                 ,
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 ,
                 or
                 dissimulation
                 of
                 Speech
                 and
                 Gesture
                 .
                 Being
                 again
                 and
                 a
                 third
                 time
                 asked
                 the
                 same
                 question
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 the
                 same
                 answer
                 ;
                 confessing
                 that
                 he
                 owed
                 almost
                 all
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 Therefore
                 was
                 it
                 rightly
                 said
                 of
                 Aeschines
                 ,
                 who
                 leaving
                 Athens
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 Judicial
                 Ignominy
                 put
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 going
                 to
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 there
                 repeated
                 his
                 own
                 Oration
                 against
                 Ctesiphon
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Oration
                 of
                 Demosthenes
                 for
                 him
                 ▪
                 with
                 a
                 loud
                 and
                 pleasing
                 voice
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 all
                 admir'd
                 the
                 Eloquence
                 of
                 both
                 ,
                 but
                 somewhat
                 more
                 that
                 of
                 
                   Demosthenes
                   ;
                   
                   What
                   would
                   ye
                   have
                   said
                   ,
                
                 replied
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   had
                   ye
                   heard
                   him
                   himself
                
                 ?
                 So
                 highly
                 did
                 so
                 great
                 an
                 Orator
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 so
                 inv●terate
                 an
                 enemy
                 ,
                 adore
                 the
                 force
                 and
                 efficacy
                 of
                 his
                 Adversaries
                 Eloquence
                 ;
                 confessing
                 himself
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 competent
                 reader
                 of
                 his
                 works
                 :
                 having
                 experimented
                 the
                 vigour
                 of
                 his
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 his
                 Countenance
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 perswasive
                 Motions
                 of
                 his
                 Body
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 nothing
                 can
                 be
                 added
                 to
                 the
                 work
                 :
                 yet
                 in
                 Demosthenes
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 Demosthenes
                 is
                 absent
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 read
                 rather
                 ,
                 than
                 heard
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XI
               .
               Of
               the
               rare
               effects
               of
               the
               Arts.
               
            
             
               
                 Among
                 the
                 Romans
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   In
                   the
                   Astrology
                   of
                
                 C.
                 Sulpitius
                 Gallus
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 
                   In
                   the
                   Divination
                   of
                
                 Spurina
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Among
                 Strangers
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Pericles
                 
                   's
                   Astrology
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Apelles
                 
                   's
                   painting
                   ,
                   and
                
                 Lysippus
                 
                   the
                   Statuary's
                   Art.
                
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Alcamenes
                 's
                 Vulcan
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Praxiteles
                 's
                 Venus
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Euphranor
                 's
                 Neptune
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Timanthes
                 's
                 Agamemnon
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Nealces
                 
                   's
                   Horse
                
                 .
              
            
             
               THe
               Effects
               also
               of
               the
               Arts
               repeated
               may
               afford
               something
               of
               pleasure
               :
               Whereby
               it
               will
               appear
               immediately
               how
               profitably
               they
               were
               invented
               .
               Things
               worth
               remembrance
               will
               be
               treasur'd
               up
               in
               a
               light
               place
               ;
               and
               the
               labour
               of
               bringing
               them
               forth
               ,
               will
               not
               want
               is
               reward
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               The
               great
               care
               of
               
                 Sulpitius
                 Gallus
              
               to
               furnish
               
               himself
               with
               ●ll
               manner
               of
               Lea●ning
               ,
               was
               very
               profitable
               to
               the
               Commonwealth
               .
               For
               being
               Lieutenant-General
               to
               
                 L.
                 Paulus
              
               ,
               waging
               War
               against
               Perseus
               ,
               and
               the
               Moon
               happening
               to
               be
               ecc●psed
               in
               a
               fair
               Night
               ,
               whereby
               our
               Army
               was
               so
               terrified
               ,
               looking
               upon
               it
               as
               some
               strange
               Prodigy
               ,
               that
               they
               had
               almost
               lost
               all
               their
               Courage
               ;
               he
               by
               a
               skilful
               discourse
               of
               the
               order
               of
               the
               heavenly
               Bodies
               ,
               and
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               Stars
               ,
               rid
               them
               of
               all
               vain
               fears
               .
               So
               that
               the
               Liberal
               Arts
               of
               Gallus
               were
               in
               some
               measure
               the
               oc●asion
               of
               that
               famous
               Victory
               of
               Paulus
               ,
               For
               had
               he
               not
               vanquished
               our
               Souldiers
               fear
               ,
               the
               Roman
               General
               could
               not
               have
               overcome
               his
               Enemies
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               More
               efficacious
               was
               the
               knowledge
               of
               Spurina
               in
               following
               the
               admonitions
               of
               the
               Gods.
               For
               he
               foretold
               to
               
                 C.
                 Caesar
              
               ,
               that
               he
               should
               have
               a
               care
               of
               the
               next
               thirty
               days
               as
               fatal
               ,
               the
               last
               of
               which
               was
               the
               Ides
               of
               March
               :
               Upon
               that
               day
               in
               the
               morning
               ,
               when
               they
               bo●h
               met
               at
               the
               house
               of
               
                 Calvinus
                 Domitius
              
               ,
               cries
               Caesar
               to
               
                 Spurina
                 ,
                 Dost
                 thou
                 know
                 that
                 the
              
               Ides
               of
               March
               
                 are
                 now
                 come
              
               ?
               And
               he
               ,
               
                 Dost
                 thou
                 not
                 know
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 yet
                 p●st
                 ?
              
               The
               one
               had
               cast
               off
               all
               fear
               ,
               believing
               the
               time
               suspected
               to
               be
               over
               ;
               though
               the
               other
               did
               not
               think
               the
               last
               Minute
               to
               be
               void
               of
               danger
               .
               Would
               to
               Heaven
               the
               Diviner
               had
               rather
               fail'd
               in
               his
               Augury
               ,
               than
               that
               the
               Parent
               of
               our
               Countrey
               had
               fail'd
               in
               his
               Security
               !
            
             
               
                 STRANGERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 But
                 to
                 dive
                 into
                 Forreign
                 effects
                 ;
                 When
                 upon
                 the
                 Suns
                 being
                 eclipsed
                 upon
                 a
                 suddain
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 all
                 in
                 a
                 ma●e
                 at
                 the
                 unusual
                 darkness
                 ,
                 believing
                 their
                 own
                 ruine
                 to
                 be
                 foretold
                 by
                 the
                 Celestial
                 Portent
                 ;
                 Pericles
                 went
                 into
                 the
                 crowd
                 ,
                 and
                 discoursed
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 learnt
                 from
                 his
                 Master
                 Anaxagoras
                 ,
                 
                 touching
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 and
                 Moon
                 :
                 nor
                 did
                 he
                 permit
                 his
                 fellow-Citizens
                 to
                 tremble
                 any
                 farther
                 with
                 vain
                 fear
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 How
                 great
                 was
                 the
                 honour
                 that
                 Alexander
                 the
                 King
                 gave
                 to
                 Art
                 ,
                 who
                 would
                 not
                 suffer
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 painted
                 by
                 any
                 other
                 but
                 Apelles
                 ,
                 nor
                 to
                 be
                 cast
                 in
                 Plaister
                 by
                 any
                 other
                 than
                 Lysippus
                 ?
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 Vulcan
                 of
                 Alcamenes
                 ,
                 made
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 hands
                 ,
                 fixes
                 the
                 eyes
                 of
                 all
                 Athens
                 upon
                 it
                 .
                 For
                 among
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 foregoing
                 marks
                 of
                 curious
                 Workmanship
                 ,
                 they
                 admire
                 also
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 stands
                 with
                 one
                 foot
                 ,
                 hiding
                 under
                 his
                 garment
                 his
                 dissembled
                 Lameness
                 :
                 artificially
                 signifying
                 not
                 the
                 deformity
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 certain
                 and
                 proper
                 mark
                 of
                 the
                 God.
                 
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Whose
                 Wife
                 Praxiteles
                 placed
                 in
                 Marble
                 in
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 the
                 Guidians
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 breathing
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Workmanship
                 ,
                 not
                 safe
                 from
                 the
                 lustful
                 embraces
                 of
                 
                   Macareus
                   Perinthian
                
                 .
                 Which
                 renders
                 the
                 errour
                 of
                 a
                 Horse
                 more
                 excusable
                 ,
                 who
                 seeing
                 the
                 Picture
                 of
                 a
                 Mare
                 ,
                 neigh'd
                 after
                 it
                 :
                 and
                 the
                 barking
                 of
                 Dogs
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 a
                 Dog
                 painted
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Bull
                 mov'd
                 to
                 Lust
                 ,
                 upon
                 sight
                 of
                 the
                 brazen
                 Cow
                 in
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 cast
                 to
                 the
                 Life
                 .
                 For
                 why
                 should
                 we
                 wonder
                 to
                 see
                 irrational
                 Creatures
                 deceived
                 by
                 Art
                 ,
                 when
                 we
                 finde
                 a
                 sacrilegious
                 Desire
                 in
                 Man
                 rais'd
                 up
                 at
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 a
                 dumb
                 stone
                 ?
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 But
                 Nature
                 as
                 she
                 suffers
                 Art
                 sometimes
                 to
                 emulate
                 her
                 works
                 ,
                 so
                 sometimes
                 she
                 dismisses
                 it
                 ,
                 quite
                 tir'd
                 with
                 labour
                 in
                 vain
                 ;
                 which
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 the
                 famous
                 Artist
                 Euphranor
                 experimented
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 he
                 painted
                 twelve
                 Gods
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 he
                 finished
                 the
                 Picture
                 of
                 Neptune
                 with
                 the
                 most
                 Majestick
                 Colours
                 he
                 could
                 invent
                 ,
                 intending
                 yet
                 to
                 have
                 outdone
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Picture
                 of
                 Iupiter
                 .
                 But
                 all
                 his
                 Invention
                 being
                 exhausted
                 in
                 the
                 former
                 work
                 ,
                 his
                 last
                 endeavours
                 could
                 not
                 come
                 near
                 his
                 expectation
                 .
              
               
               
                 6.
                 
                 What
                 shall
                 we
                 say
                 of
                 that
                 other
                 famous
                 Painter
                 ,
                 who
                 representing
                 the
                 doleful
                 Sacrifice
                 of
                 Iphigenia
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 placed
                 about
                 the
                 Altar
                 Calebas
                 sad
                 ,
                 Vlysses
                 sorrowful
                 ,
                 and
                 Menelaus
                 lamenting
                 ,
                 by
                 wrapping
                 up
                 of
                 
                 Agamemnon's
                 face
                 did
                 he
                 not
                 confess
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 bitterness
                 of
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 grief
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 exprest
                 by
                 Art
                 ?
                 Therefore
                 his
                 Picture
                 moisten'd
                 with
                 the
                 tears
                 of
                 the
                 Southsayer
                 ,
                 her
                 Friends
                 and
                 Brother
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 it
                 to
                 Affection
                 to
                 judge
                 of
                 the
                 Father's
                 Grief
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 And
                 that
                 I
                 may
                 adde
                 one
                 Example
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Art
                 ;
                 A
                 famous
                 Painter
                 had
                 painted
                 a
                 Horse
                 ,
                 new
                 coming
                 from
                 being
                 hard
                 exercis'd
                 ,
                 so
                 rarely
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 that
                 could
                 be
                 said
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Horse
                 was
                 not
                 alive
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 adde
                 the
                 froath
                 to
                 his
                 Nostrils
                 ,
                 so
                 great
                 an
                 Artist
                 spent
                 many
                 days
                 without
                 any
                 satisfaction
                 to
                 himself
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 vexed
                 to
                 see
                 himself
                 disappointed
                 ,
                 he
                 took
                 up
                 a
                 Spunge
                 that
                 lay
                 next
                 him
                 bedaub'd
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Colours
                 ,
                 and
                 went
                 about
                 to
                 rub
                 out
                 his
                 own
                 work
                 .
                 But
                 Fortune
                 directing
                 his
                 hand
                 first
                 to
                 the
                 Nostrils
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 ,
                 the
                 Spunge
                 did
                 that
                 by
                 chance
                 ,
                 which
                 all
                 his
                 Art
                 could
                 not
                 effect
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 what
                 his
                 own
                 Shadows
                 could
                 not
                 ,
                 Chance
                 compleated
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XII
               .
               That
               we
               must
               yield
               to
               the
               best
               Masters
               of
               Art.
               
            
             
               
                 As
                 was
                 done
                 by
                 the
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Furius
                 and
                 Caesellius
                 
                   in
                   the
                   Praediatorian
                   Law.
                
                 
              
            
             
               
                 By
                 STRANGERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Euclid
                 in
                 Geometry
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Philo
                 in
                 Architecture
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Apelles
                 in
                 Painting
                 .
              
            
             
               NOW
               that
               we
               may
               not
               doubt
               but
               that
               every
               one
               is
               the
               best
               Actor
               and
               Discourser
               in
               his
               own
               Art
               ,
               let
               us
               by
               a
               few
               Examples
               make
               it
               appear
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 Q.
                 Scaevola
              
               ,
               a
               most
               famous
               and
               most
               certain
               Interpreter
               of
               the
               Law
               ,
               as
               often
               as
               he
               was
               consulted
               upon
               the
               Praediatorian
               Stature
               ,
               sent
               his
               Clients
               to
               Furius
               and
               Caesellius
               ,
               who
               studied
               that
               part
               .
               Whereby
               he
               rather
               commended
               his
               own
               Moderation
               ,
               than
               lessen'd
               his
               authority
               ▪
               confessing
               that
               they
               were
               best
               able
               to
               give
               advice
               in
               that
               matter
               ,
               whose
               daily
               practise
               it
               was
               .
               Therefore
               are
               they
               the
               wisest
               Professors
               of
               their
               Art
               ,
               who
               have
               a
               modest
               esteem
               of
               their
               own
               ,
               and
               a
               cunning
               respect
               for
               the
               Studies
               of
               others
               .
            
             
               
                 STRANGERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 This
                 opinion
                 lodg'd
                 in
                 the
                 learned
                 breast
                 of
                 Plato
                 .
                 Who
                 when
                 the
                 Undertakers
                 came
                 to
                 confer
                 with
                 him
                 about
                 the
                 manner
                 and
                 form
                 of
                 the
                 
                   holy
                   Tower
                
                 ,
                 sent
                 them
                 to
                 Euclid
                 the
                 Geometrician
                 ,
                 giving
                 way
                 to
                 his
                 Knowledge
                 and
                 Profession
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Athens
                 glories
                 in
                 its
                 Arsenal
                 ,
                 not
                 without
                 cause
                 :
                 For
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 work
                 worthy
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 for
                 its
                 cost
                 and
                 
                 Elegance
                 .
                 The
                 Architect
                 whereof
                 ,
                 Philo
                 ,
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 have
                 given
                 so
                 eloquent
                 an
                 account
                 in
                 the
                 Theater
                 of
                 his
                 purpose
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 most
                 eloquent
                 of
                 people
                 were
                 sway'd
                 as
                 much
                 by
                 his
                 Eloquence
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 his
                 Art.
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Wonderfully
                 was
                 it
                 done
                 by
                 that
                 Artist
                 ,
                 who
                 suffered
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 corrected
                 by
                 a
                 Cobler
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Shoes
                 and
                 the
                 Latchets
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 began
                 to
                 talk
                 of
                 the
                 Thigh
                 ,
                 forbid
                 him
                 to
                 go
                 beyond
                 the
                 Foot.
                 
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XIII
               .
               Of
               Memorable
               Old
               Age.
               
            
             
               
                 In
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 M.
                 Valerius
                 Corvus
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 L.
                 Metellus
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   High-Priest
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Q.
                 Fabius
                 Maximus
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Perpenna
                 
                   the
                   Censor
                
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Appius
                 Claudius
                 
                   the
                   blind
                
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Women
                 ,
                 Livia
                 ,
                 Terentia
                 and
                 Clodia
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Strangers
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Hiero
                 
                   King
                   of
                
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 &
                 Massanissa
                 
                   King
                   of
                
                 Numidia
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Gorgias
                 Leontinus
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Xenophilus
                 of
                 Chalcis
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Argantinus
                 
                   King
                   of
                   the
                
                 Gaditans
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Aethiopians
                 ,
                 Indians
                 ,
                 and
                 Epimenides
                 the
                 Cnossian
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 The
                 Epii
                 ,
                 
                   a
                   people
                   of
                
                 Aetolia
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Dantho
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   two
                   Kings
                   of
                   the
                
                 Lachnii
                 .
              
            
             
               LEt
               Old
               Age
               ,
               prolonged
               to
               the
               utmost
               ,
               have
               a
               place
               in
               this
               work
               ,
               among
               the
               Examples
               of
               Industry
               ,
               but
               with
               a
               particular
               Title
               and
               Chapter
               .
               That
               we
               may
               not
               seem
               to
               have
               forgotten
               those
               ,
               to
               whom
               the
               Gods
               were
               principally
               indulgent
               .
               Insisting
               upon
               which
               ,
               every
               one
               may
               make
               himself
               more
               happy
               in
               
               respect
               of
               his
               antient
               felicity
               ;
               and
               may
               affirm
               the
               happiness
               of
               our
               age
               ,
               than
               which
               none
               was
               ever
               more
               happy
               ,
               by
               prolonging
               the
               safety
               of
               a
               wise
               and
               great
               Prince
               ,
               to
               the
               longest
               bounds
               of
               humane
               life
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 M.
                 V●lerius
                 Corvus
              
               liv'd
               out
               his
               hundredth
               year
               ;
               between
               whose
               first
               and
               sixth
               Consulship
               were
               forty
               six
               years
               compleat
               .
               Nor
               did
               his
               full
               strength
               of
               body
               not
               only
               not
               fail
               him
               ,
               in
               the
               highest
               employments
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               but
               also
               for
               the
               manuring
               his
               Land
               :
               a
               desireable
               Example
               of
               a
               Commonwealths
               man
               ,
               and
               a
               Master
               of
               a
               Family
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Which
               space
               of
               years
               Metellus
               equall'd
               :
               And
               the
               fourth
               year
               after
               his
               Consular
               Government
               ,
               being
               created
               
                 Pontifex
                 Maximus
              
               when
               he
               was
               very
               old
               ,
               he
               govern'd
               the
               Ceremonies
               of
               Religion
               two
               and
               twenty
               years
               ,
               his
               tongue
               never
               tripping
               in
               pronouncing
               the
               Votes
               ,
               not
               his
               hand
               trembling
               in
               preparing
               the
               Sacrifices
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               
                 Q.
                 Fabius
                 Maximus
              
               threescore
               and
               two
               years
               held
               the
               Priesthood
               of
               the
               Augurship
               ,
               having
               obtain'd
               it
               when
               he
               was
               a
               strong
               man.
               Which
               two
               times
               being
               added
               together
               ,
               will
               easily
               compleat
               the
               age
               of
               an
               hundred
               years
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               What
               shall
               I
               say
               of
               
                 M.
                 Perpenna
              
               ?
               Who
               out-liv'd
               all
               those
               that
               he
               call'd
               over
               in
               the
               Senate
               ,
               when
               he
               was
               Consul
               ;
               and
               only
               saw
               seven
               remaining
               of
               the
               Conscript
               Fathers
               ,
               whom
               as
               Censor
               with
               
                 Lu.
                 Philippus
              
               he
               had
               chosen
               ;
               more
               durable
               than
               the
               greatest
               Order
               in
               the
               world
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               I
               might
               conclude
               the
               life
               of
               Appius
               with
               his
               misfortune
               ,
               because
               he
               lived
               long
               after
               he
               was
               blind
               ;
               but
               that
               he
               had
               five
               Sons
               and
               five
               Daughters
               ,
               and
               a
               multitude
               of
               Clients
               in
               his
               Protection
               ,
               and
               in
               that
               condition
               most
               stou●ly
               govern'd
               the
               Commonwealth
               .
               At
               length
               weary
               with
               living
               ,
               he
               caus'd
               himself
               to
               be
               carried
               into
               the
               Senate-house
               in
               a
               Litte●
               ,
               to
               hinder
               peace
               
               from
               be●ng
               made
               with
               Pyrthus
               upon
               dishonourable
               Conditions
               .
               Can
               this
               man
               be
               thought
               blinde
               ,
               by
               whom
               his
               Countrey
               purely
               discerning
               that
               which
               was
               honourable
               ,
               was
               compell'd
               to
               open
               its
               eyes
               ?
            
             
               6.
               
               Several
               Women
               have
               been
               no
               less
               eminent
               for
               long
               Life
               ,
               whom
               it
               shall
               suffice
               only
               to
               name
               .
               For
               Livia
               the
               wife
               of
               Rutilius
               number'd
               fourscore
               and
               seven
               ,
               Terentia
               the
               wife
               of
               Cicero
               a
               hundred
               and
               three
               ,
               and
               Clodia
               the
               wife
               of
               Aufilius
               ,
               having
               outlived
               fifteen
               Children
               ;
               an
               hundred
               and
               fifteen
               years
               .
            
             
               
                 STRANGERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 I
                 will
                 adde
                 to
                 these
                 ,
                 two
                 Kings
                 ,
                 whose
                 long
                 life
                 was
                 very
                 advantageous
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Rome
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 of
                 
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   Hiero
                
                 ,
                 numbred
                 ninety
                 years
                 .
                 Massanissa
                 King
                 of
                 Numidia
                 ,
                 reigning
                 threescore
                 years
                 ,
                 was
                 superior
                 to
                 all
                 men
                 in
                 vigour
                 of
                 age
                 .
                 Cicero
                 in
                 his
                 Book
                 of
                 
                   Old
                   Age
                
                 ,
                 reports
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 shower
                 or
                 ●old
                 could
                 compel
                 him
                 to
                 cover
                 his
                 head
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 wont
                 also
                 to
                 keep
                 his
                 station
                 for
                 several
                 hours
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 never
                 stir
                 from
                 hard
                 labour
                 ,
                 till
                 he
                 had
                 tired
                 the
                 young
                 men
                 :
                 And
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 requisite
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 do
                 any
                 thing
                 sitting
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 off-times
                 for
                 a
                 whole
                 day
                 sit
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 posture
                 ,
                 without
                 moving
                 his
                 bod●
                 for
                 ease
                 ,
                 either
                 one
                 way
                 or
                 other
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 led
                 his
                 Army
                 a
                 Horseback
                 by
                 day
                 ,
                 he
                 never
                 alighted
                 that
                 night
                 ;
                 omitting
                 none
                 of
                 those
                 labours
                 ,
                 which
                 youth
                 is
                 wont
                 to
                 endure
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 of
                 that
                 extream
                 age
                 .
                 And
                 so
                 vigorous
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 reference
                 to
                 Women
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 beg●t
                 his
                 Son
                 Methymnaius
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 fourscore
                 and
                 six
                 years
                 of
                 age
                 .
                 The
                 Countrey
                 also
                 which
                 he
                 sound
                 untill'd
                 ,
                 by
                 perpetual
                 culture
                 he
                 left
                 very
                 fruitful
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Gorgi●s
                 also
                 of
                 Leo●tiu●●
                 ,
                 the
                 Master
                 of
                 
                 Isocrates
                 ●nd
                 several
                 other
                 great
                 men
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 saying
                 was
                 
                 most
                 happy
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 lived
                 an
                 hundred
                 and
                 seven
                 years
                 ,
                 being
                 asked
                 why
                 he
                 would
                 live
                 〈◊〉
                 long
                 :
                 Because
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   I
                   ayle
                   nothing
                   to
                   accuse
                   my
                   Old
                   Ag●
                   .
                
                 What
                 could
                 be
                 longer
                 or
                 more
                 happy
                 than
                 such
                 a
                 tract
                 of
                 Life
                 ?
                 For
                 being
                 entered
                 into
                 the
                 second
                 Century
                 of
                 years
                 ,
                 be
                 neither
                 found
                 any
                 cause
                 of
                 complaint
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 nor
                 left
                 any
                 behinde
                 him
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Xenophilus
                 of
                 Chalcis
                 wanted
                 two
                 of
                 his
                 years
                 ,
                 yet
                 not
                 inferior
                 in
                 enjoyment
                 of
                 health
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 Aristoxenus
                 the
                 Musician
                 saies
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 Free
                 from
                 all
                 the
                 inconveniencies
                 of
                 old
                 Age
                 ,
                 he
                 died
                 in
                 the
                 full
                 splendour
                 of
                 consummate
                 Learning
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Arganthonius
                 the
                 Gaditane
                 reigned
                 so
                 long
                 ,
                 as
                 would
                 have
                 sufficed
                 another
                 to
                 live
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 govern'd
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 fourscore
                 years
                 ,
                 being
                 forty
                 years
                 of
                 age
                 before
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Throne
                 :
                 For
                 which
                 there
                 are
                 most
                 certain
                 and
                 credible
                 Authors
                 .
                 
                   Asinius
                   Pollio
                
                 ,
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 part
                 of
                 Roman
                 Eloquence
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 third
                 Book
                 of
                 his
                 History
                 ,
                 relates
                 him
                 to
                 have
                 lived
                 an
                 hundred
                 and
                 twenty
                 years
                 :
                 No
                 mean
                 example
                 of
                 sinewy
                 vigour
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 The
                 Ethiopians
                 render
                 the
                 long
                 life
                 of
                 this
                 King
                 less
                 admirable
                 ;
                 whom
                 Herodotus
                 writes
                 to
                 have
                 exceeded
                 an
                 hundred
                 and
                 twenty
                 years
                 :
                 and
                 the
                 Indians
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 Cresius
                 delivers
                 the
                 same
                 .
                 And
                 Epimenides
                 the
                 Gnossian
                 ,
                 whom
                 Theopompus
                 reports
                 to
                 have
                 lived
                 an
                 hundred
                 fifty
                 and
                 seven
                 years
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Hellanicus
                 also
                 avers
                 ,
                 that
                 certain
                 of
                 the
                 Epii
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 a
                 people
                 of
                 Aetolia
                 ,
                 lived
                 two
                 hundred
                 years
                 ;
                 with
                 whom
                 Damasthes
                 agrees
                 ,
                 adding
                 this
                 moreover
                 ,
                 that
                 one
                 Litorius
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 of
                 an
                 exceeding
                 great
                 strength
                 and
                 stature
                 ,
                 compleated
                 three
                 hundred
                 years
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 Volume
                 of
                 the
                 Illyrian
                 Tract
                 ,
                 affirms
                 ,
                 that
                 one
                 Dantho
                 lived
                 full
                 out
                 five
                 hundred
                 years
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 least
                 complaint
                 of
                 Age.
                 But
                 
                 much
                 more
                 liberal
                 is
                 Xenophon
                 ,
                 who
                 gives
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Lachnii
                 eight
                 hundred
                 years
                 of
                 Life
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 his
                 Father
                 might
                 not
                 take
                 it
                 ill
                 ,
                 he
                 allows
                 him
                 six
                 hundred
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XIV
               .
               Of
               the
               Desire
               of
               Honour
               .
            
             
               
                 Among
                 the
                 Romans
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 P.
                 Africanus
                 
                   the
                   Greater
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 D.
                 Brutus
                 Gallaicus
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Cn.
                 Pompey
                 
                   the
                   Great
                
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Sulla
                 
                   the
                   Happy
                
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 
                   A
                   certain
                   Knight
                
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 C.
                 Fabius
                 Pictor
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 STRANGERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Themistocles
                 of
                 Athens
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Alexander
                 
                   the
                   Great
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Aristotle
                 the
                 Stagyrite
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Pausanias
                 of
                 Macedon
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Herostratus
                 .
              
            
             
               HOnour
               ,
               whence
               it
               arises
               ,
               or
               of
               whatsoever
               it
               may
               be
               the
               Habit
               ,
               or
               how
               it
               ought
               to
               be
               purchas'd
               ,
               and
               whether
               it
               may
               not
               be
               neglected
               by
               vertue
               ,
               as
               unnecessary
               ,
               let
               them
               take
               care
               that
               employ
               their
               Contemplations
               upon
               these
               things
               ,
               and
               who
               are
               able
               eloquently
               to
               express
               what
               they
               have
               prudently
               observed
               .
               I
               in
               this
               work
               being
               content
               to
               finde
               out
               Authors
               for
               deeds
               ,
               and
               deeds
               for
               Authors
               ,
               shall
               endeavour
               to
               finde
               out
               by
               proper
               Examples
               ,
               how
               great
               the
               des●●e
               of
               it
               is
               wont
               to
               be
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               The
               Elder
               Africanus
               would
               have
               the
               Effigies
               of
               Ennius
               placed
               among
               the
               Monuments
               of
               the
               Corn●lia●
               Family
               ,
               because
               he
               thought
               his
               Acts
               illustrated
               by
               his
               Wit.
               Not
               ignorant
               ,
               that
               as
               long
               as
               the
               Roman
               Empire
               might
               flourish
               ,
               and
               Africa
               lay
               captive
               at
               the
               feet
               of
               Italy
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               Capitol
               possess'd
               the
               Pillar
               of
               
               the
               whole
               World
               ,
               their
               Remembrance
               could
               not
               be
               extinguished
               ;
               especially
               enlightned
               by
               the
               Beams
               of
               Learning
               :
               A
               man
               more
               worthy
               of
               
               Homer's
               ,
               than
               a
               rude
               and
               unpolish'd
               Eulogy
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               same
               was
               the
               honorable
               minde
               of
               
                 D.
                 Brutus
              
               ,
               a
               famous
               Captain
               in
               his
               time
               ,
               toward
               Accius
               the
               Poet
               :
               With
               whose
               familiar
               Courtship
               and
               acute
               applauses
               being
               mainly
               delighted
               ,
               he
               adorn'd
               the
               Entries
               of
               the
               Temples
               ,
               which
               he
               had
               consecrated
               out
               of
               his
               Spoils
               ,
               with
               his
               Verses
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Neither
               was
               Pompey
               averse
               from
               this
               affectation
               of
               Glory
               ,
               who
               bestowed
               upon
               Theophanes
               the
               Mytelenian
               ,
               a
               Writer
               of
               his
               Acts
               ,
               a
               whole
               City
               ,
               in
               a
               Harangue
               before
               the
               Souldiers
               .
               Prosecuting
               the
               Grandeur
               of
               his
               Gift
               ,
               with
               an
               accurate
               and
               approved
               Oration
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               
                 L.
                 Sulla
              
               ,
               though
               he
               minded
               no
               Writer
               ,
               yet
               he
               so
               vehemently
               assum'd
               to
               himself
               the
               honour
               of
               
               Iugurth's
               being
               brought
               to
               Marius
               by
               King
               Bocchus
               ,
               that
               he
               wore
               that
               Delivery
               in
               his
               Seal
               Ring
               .
               Afterwards
               how
               great
               an
               admirer
               of
               Honour
               ,
               the
               slightest
               footstep
               whereof
               he
               ador'd
               !
            
             
               5.
               
               And
               that
               I
               may
               adde
               to
               Generals
               the
               noble
               minde
               of
               a
               Souldier
               ;
               When
               Scipio
               was
               dividing
               the
               Military
               gifts
               to
               those
               that
               had
               done
               bravely
               ;
               
                 T.
                 Labienus
              
               putting
               him
               i●
               minde
               of
               giving
               a
               Golden
               Bracelet
               to
               an
               eminent
               and
               stout
               Kn●ght
               ;
               which
               the
               General
               resufing
               to
               do
               ,
               that
               the
               honour
               of
               the
               field
               might
               not
               be
               ●solated
               in
               him
               ,
               who
               h●d
               serv'd
               but
               a
               little
               before
               ,
               he
               gave
               the
               Knight
               Gold
               himself
               out
               of
               the
               Gallie
               plunder
               .
               Neither
               did
               Scipio
               put
               it
               up
               silently
               :
               For
               ,
               said
               he
               to
               the
               Knight
               ,
               
                 thou
                 hast
                 the
                 Gift
                 of
                 a
                 rich
                 man.
              
               Which
               when
               he
               had
               taken
               ,
               casting
               the
               Gold
               at
               Labienus
               feet
               ,
               he
               held
               down
               his
               Countenance
               .
               But
               when
               Scipio
               said
               to
               him
               ,
               
                 The
                 General
                 gives
                 thee
                 Silver
                 Bracelets
                 ,
              
               he
               went
               away
               with
               a
               chearful
               Countenance
               .
               
               So
               that
               there
               is
               no
               Humility
               so
               great
               ,
               which
               is
               not
               touched
               wi●h
               a
               desire
               of
               Glory
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               It
               is
               also
               sought
               sometimes
               out
               of
               the
               lowest
               things
               .
               For
               what
               meant
               
                 C.
                 Fabius
              
               ,
               that
               most
               noble
               Commonwealths
               man
               ?
               For
               when
               he
               painted
               the
               walls
               of
               the
               Temple
               of
               Safety
               ,
               which
               
                 C.
                 Iunius
                 Bubulcus
              
               had
               consecrated
               ,
               he
               inscribed
               his
               Name
               upon
               them
               .
               For
               that
               only
               Ornament
               was
               wanting
               to
               a
               Family
               most
               famous
               for
               Consulships
               ,
               Priesthoods
               ,
               and
               Triumph●
               .
               And
               though
               he
               stoopt
               to
               a
               mercenary
               Art
               ,
               yet
               he
               would
               not
               have
               his
               labours
               obliterated
               ,
               how
               mean
               soever
               :
               they
               were
               following
               the
               example
               of
               Phidias
               ,
               who
               included
               his
               own
               face
               upon
               the
               Shield
               of
               Minerva
               ,
               in
               such
               manner
               ,
               that
               if
               it
               were
               pull'd
               away
               ,
               the
               whole
               work
               would
               be
               quite
               spoiled
               .
            
             
               
                 STRANGERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 But
                 better
                 had
                 he
                 done
                 to
                 have
                 imitated
                 Themistocles
                 ,
                 had
                 he
                 bin
                 taken
                 with
                 forraign
                 Examples
                 ;
                 who
                 is
                 reported
                 to
                 have
                 bin
                 so
                 prick'd
                 with
                 the
                 sting
                 of
                 Honour
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 sleep
                 a
                 nights
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 ask'd
                 ,
                 what
                 he
                 did
                 abroad
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 night
                 ,
                 made
                 answer
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   he
                   could
                   not
                   sleep
                   for
                   the
                   Trophies
                   of
                
                 Miltiades
                 .
                 For
                 Marathon
                 rous'd
                 up
                 his
                 noble
                 Minde
                 to
                 ennoble
                 Artemisium
                 and
                 Salamis
                 with
                 Naval
                 Glory
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 person
                 going
                 to
                 the
                 Theater
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 ask'd
                 whose
                 voice
                 was
                 most
                 pleasing
                 to
                 his
                 ears
                 ,
                 made
                 answer
                 ,
                 
                   His
                   that
                   shall
                   sing
                   my
                   acts
                   :
                   ●he
                   best
                   and
                   loudest
                   .
                
                 He
                 added
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 an
                 honourable
                 sweetness
                 to
                 Honour
                 it self
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 Breast
                 of
                 Alexander
                 was
                 insatiable
                 of
                 Applause
                 ;
                 who
                 when
                 Anaxarchus
                 his
                 Companion
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 authority
                 of
                 Democritus
                 ,
                 affirm'd
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 innumerable
                 worlds
                 ;
                 
                   How
                   miserable
                   then
                
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                 
                   am
                   I
                   ,
                   that
                   have
                   not
                   conquered
                   one
                   !
                
                 Man
                 thought
                 his
                 Honour
                 too
                 much
                 confin'd
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 not
                 all
                 that
                 which
                 suffices
                 for
                 the
                 Habitation
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 I
                 will
                 adde
                 the
                 thirst
                 of
                 Aristotle
                 after
                 Honour
                 ,
                 as
                 great
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 a
                 King
                 and
                 a
                 young
                 man.
                 For
                 he
                 had
                 given
                 certain
                 Books
                 of
                 Oratory
                 to
                 Theodectes
                 his
                 Disciple
                 ,
                 to
                 put
                 forth
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 name
                 :
                 and
                 being
                 afterwards
                 vex'd
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 let
                 go
                 the
                 Title
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 insisting
                 upon
                 some
                 things
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 Volume
                 ,
                 he
                 addes
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 discoursed
                 more
                 plainly
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Books
                 of
                 Theodectes
                 .
                 Did
                 not
                 the
                 Modesty
                 of
                 so
                 great
                 and
                 so
                 diffusive
                 a
                 Science
                 withhold
                 me
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 say
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 Philosopher
                 ,
                 whose
                 great
                 parts
                 ought
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 delivered
                 to
                 a
                 Philosopher
                 of
                 a
                 nobler
                 Soul.
                 But
                 Honour
                 is
                 not
                 contemn'd
                 by
                 thos●
                 that
                 desire
                 to
                 introduce
                 the
                 Contempt
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 For
                 to
                 those
                 very
                 Volumes
                 they
                 diligently
                 set
                 their
                 Names
                 ,
                 that
                 what
                 they
                 take
                 away
                 by
                 Profession
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 attain
                 by
                 Usurpation
                 of
                 Memory
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 dissimulation
                 of
                 theirs
                 ,
                 whatever
                 it
                 be
                 ,
                 is
                 more
                 to
                 be
                 endur'd
                 than
                 the
                 purpose
                 of
                 those
                 ,
                 who
                 while
                 they
                 labour
                 for
                 eternal
                 Memories
                 ,
                 strive
                 to
                 become
                 famous
                 by
                 wickedness
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Among
                 which
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 whether
                 Pausanias
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 first
                 mentioned
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 ask'd
                 Hermocrates
                 how
                 he
                 might
                 suddenly
                 become
                 famous
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 other
                 had
                 answered
                 ,
                 By
                 killing
                 some
                 great
                 person
                 ,
                 presently
                 went
                 and
                 slew
                 Philip.
                 And
                 indeed
                 what
                 he
                 covered
                 he
                 had
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 render'd
                 himself
                 as
                 infamously
                 famous
                 for
                 the
                 Murther
                 ,
                 as
                 Philip
                 was
                 eminent
                 for
                 his
                 Vertue
                 to
                 Posterity
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 But
                 this
                 desire
                 of
                 Glory
                 was
                 sacrilegious
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 was
                 one
                 sound
                 out
                 ,
                 who
                 would
                 set
                 on
                 fire
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Diana
                 at
                 Ephesus
                 ,
                 t●at
                 by
                 the
                 destruction
                 of
                 that
                 lovely
                 Pile
                 ,
                 his
                 name
                 might
                 be
                 known
                 to
                 the
                 whole
                 world
                 .
                 Which
                 fury
                 of
                 his
                 minde
                 he
                 discovered
                 
                 upon
                 the
                 Rack
                 .
                 Yet
                 the
                 Ephesians
                 had
                 taken
                 care
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 Decree
                 ,
                 to
                 abolish
                 the
                 memory
                 of
                 the
                 worst
                 of
                 men
                 ,
                 had
                 not
                 the
                 eloquent
                 .
                 Wit
                 of
                 Theopompus
                 comprehended
                 the
                 fact
                 in
                 his
                 History
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XV.
               What
               Magnificent
               things
               befel
               to
               every
               one
               .
            
             
               
                 To
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 P.
                 Africanus
                 
                   the
                   Greater
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 M.
                 Cato
                 
                   the
                   Censor
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 P.
                 Scipio
                 Nasica
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 P.
                 Scipio
                 Aemilianus
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 M.
                 Valerius
                 Corvus
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Q.
                 Mutius
                 Scaevola
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 C.
                 Marius
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Cn.
                 Pompey
                 
                   the
                   Great
                
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 Q.
                 Lutatius
                 Catulus
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 Cato
                 of
                 Utica
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 L.
                 Marcius
                 a
                 Roman
                 Knight
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 Sulpitia
                 Ser.
                 
                   daughter
                   of
                
                 Q.
                 Flaccus
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 STRANGERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Pythagoras
                 Samian
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Gorgias
                 the
                 Leontine
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Amphiaraus
                 
                   the
                   Prophet
                
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Pherenica
                 a
                 G●ecian
                 Woman
                 .
              
            
             
               WHat
               Magnificent
               things
               have
               deservedly
               be●aln
               every
               one
               ,
               being
               put
               to
               publick
               view
               ,
               will
               afford
               delight
               to
               ingenious
               minds
               :
               because
               the
               value
               and
               force
               of
               the
               Rewards
               ,
               and
               the
               contempla●ion
               of
               Honours
               ,
               is
               equally
               to
               be
               considered
               .
               Nature
               affording
               us
               a
               kind
               of
               pleasure
               ,
               when
               we
               see
               Honour
               industriously
               coveted
               ,
               and
               gratefully
               ●epaid
               .
               But
               though
               the
               Minde
               is
               carried
               here
               immediately
               to
               a
               splendid
               House
               ,
               the
               bountiful
               and
               most
               honoured
               Temple
               ,
               it
               will
               be
               better
               restrain'd
               .
               For
               to
               him
               to
               whom
               the
               ascent
               to
               Heaven
               is
               free
               ,
               though
               the
               greatest
               ,
               yet
               they
               are
               
               less
               than
               what
               are
               due
               ,
               which
               are
               bestowed
               on
               Earth
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               To
               
                 Scipio
                 Africanus
              
               the
               Consulship
               was
               granted
               long
               before
               his
               time
               .
               To
               whom
               what
               was
               assign'd
               him
               in
               his
               life-time
               ,
               would
               be
               too
               long
               to
               relate
               ,
               because
               they
               are
               many
               ;
               and
               not
               necessary
               ,
               as
               being
               in
               part
               already
               related
               .
               And
               therefore
               I
               will
               adde
               what
               is
               at
               this
               day
               eminent
               .
               He
               has
               an
               Image
               placed
               in
               Great
               Iupiters
               Temple
               ,
               which
               when
               there
               is
               any
               Funeral
               of
               the
               Cornelian
               Family
               ,
               is
               fetch'd
               from
               thence
               :
               So
               that
               to
               that
               onely
               Image
               is
               the
               Capitol
               like
               a
               Porch
               ,
               or
               place
               where
               those
               Images
               are
               usually
               placed
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               As
               truly
               as
               was
               the
               Senate-House
               it self
               to
               the
               Elder
               
               Cato's
               Image
               ,
               from
               whence
               it
               is
               brought
               forth
               upon
               the
               same
               occasions
               of
               that
               Family
               .
               A
               Grateful
               Order
               ,
               that
               would
               have
               so
               profitable
               a
               Member
               always
               dwell
               with
               them
               ,
               wealthy
               in
               all
               the
               Gifts
               of
               Vertue
               ,
               and
               great
               rather
               by
               his
               own
               Merit
               ,
               than
               by
               the
               benefit
               of
               Fortune
               ;
               by
               whose
               counsel
               Carthage
               was
               ruin'd
               ,
               before
               it
               was
               laid
               waste
               by
               the
               Sword
               of
               Scipio
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               A
               rare
               Example
               of
               Honour
               arises
               also
               from
               
                 Scipio
                 Nasica
              
               .
               For
               by
               his
               Hands
               ,
               and
               into
               his
               House
               ,
               before
               he
               was
               yet
               a
               Questor
               ,
               the
               Senate
               by
               the
               command
               of
               
                 Pythian
                 Apollo
              
               ,
               would
               have
               the
               
                 Mother
                 of
                 the
                 gods
              
               received
               and
               entertained
               ,
               when
               recalled
               ●rom
               Pessinuntes
               .
               Because
               the
               same
               Oracle
               ordered
               those
               Offices
               to
               be
               done
               to
               the
               
                 Mother
                 of
                 the
                 gods
              
               by
               a
               most
               holy
               man.
               Unfold
               all
               the
               Fasti
               ,
               set
               all
               the
               Triumphal
               Chariots
               together
               ,
               and
               you
               shall
               finde
               nothing
               more
               sp●endid
               than
               such
               a
               preeminency
               in
               Manners
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               The
               
               Scipio's
               often
               produce
               their
               Ornaments
               ●o
               be
               remembred
               by
               us
               .
               For
               Aemilianus
               was
               made
               a
               Consul
               by
               the
               People
               ,
               when
               but
               a
               Candidate
               for
               the
               
               Aedil-ship
               .
               Which
               the
               Army
               advised
               the
               Senate
               ought
               to
               be
               done
               .
               So
               that
               it
               is
               hard
               to
               know
               ,
               whether
               the
               Authority
               of
               the
               Conscript
               Fathers
               ,
               or
               the
               Counsel
               of
               the
               Souldiers
               added
               most
               Honour
               to
               him
               .
               For
               the
               Gown
               made
               Scipio
               Consul
               against
               the
               Carthaginians
               ,
               but
               the
               Sword
               desired
               him
               .
               And
               again
               ,
               when
               he
               went
               into
               the
               field
               to
               the
               Election
               of
               the
               Questors
               ,
               to
               give
               his
               voice
               for
               
                 Q.
                 Fabius
              
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               
               Maximus's
               Brother
               ,
               they
               brought
               him
               home
               a
               Consul
               .
               To
               the
               same
               person
               the
               Senate
               gave
               a
               Province
               without
               Lot
               ,
               first
               Africa
               ,
               then
               Spain
               .
               And
               these
               things
               neither
               to
               an
               ambitious
               Senator
               nor
               Citizen
               ;
               as
               the
               most
               severe
               course
               of
               his
               Life
               ,
               and
               his
               clandestine
               Death
               ,
               being
               slain
               by
               treachery
               ,
               decla●'d
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               As
               ●or
               
                 M.
                 Valerius
              
               ,
               the
               Gods
               as
               well
               as
               his
               Fellow-Citizens
               made
               him
               famous
               for
               two
               things
               :
               The
               first
               by
               sending
               a
               Crow
               for
               his
               defence
               ,
               when
               he
               fought
               hand
               to
               hand
               with
               the
               Gaul
               ;
               the
               other
               giving
               him
               the
               Consulship
               at
               three
               and
               twenty
               years
               of
               Age.
               The
               Valerian
               Family
               assumes
               the
               name
               of
               Corvinus
               :
               The
               other
               is
               added
               as
               an
               Ornament
               ,
               glorying
               as
               well
               in
               the
               earliness
               of
               the
               Consulship
               ,
               as
               in
               the
               priority
               of
               being
               made
               so
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               Nor
               was
               the
               Glory
               of
               
                 Q.
                 Scaevola
              
               ,
               whom
               
                 L.
                 Crassus
              
               had
               for
               his
               Colleague
               ,
               le●s
               illust●ious
               ,
               who
               obtain'd
               Asia
               ,
               and
               so
               stoutly
               and
               so
               justly
               held
               it
               ,
               that
               the
               Senate
               by
               their
               Decree
               propounded
               Scaevola
               as
               a
               President
               and
               Example
               for
               others
               ,
               that
               were
               to
               go
               into
               the
               several
               Provinces
               of
               the
               Empire
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               Those
               words
               of
               the
               Younger
               Africanus
               pruduced
               the
               seven
               Consulships
               and
               two
               Triumphs
               of
               
                 ●
                 .
                 Marius
              
               ;
               for
               he
               was
               full
               of
               joy
               to
               his
               dying
               day
               :
               Who
               when
               he
               served
               on
               Horseback
               under
               that
               Captain
               ,
               Scipio
               being
               asked
               at
               Supper
               ,
               if
               any
               thing
               cross
               should
               befal
               him
               ,
               whom
               the
               Commonwealth
               would
               have
               equally
               great
               with
               him
               ;
               the
               General
               looking
               
               upon
               Marius
               ,
               sitting
               a
               little
               below
               him
               ,
               
                 Even
                 th●●
                 man
              
               ,
               answered
               he
               .
               By
               which
               Augury
               it
               cannot
               be
               well
               conjectured
               ,
               whether
               the
               most
               perfect
               Vertue
               more
               certainly
               foresaw
               a
               Rising
               vertue
               ,
               or
               whether
               he
               more
               efficaciously
               inflamed
               him
               to
               it
               .
               For
               that
               Military
               Supper
               portended
               to
               Marius
               the
               most
               splendid
               future
               Suppers
               in
               the
               whole
               City
               .
               For
               when
               the
               Messenger
               brought
               the
               News
               ▪
               at
               the
               beginning
               of
               the
               Night
               ,
               that
               the
               Cimbrians
               were
               overthrown
               ,
               there
               was
               no
               man
               that
               offer'd
               not
               at
               his
               Table
               ,
               as
               it
               had
               been
               the
               Altar
               of
               the
               Immortal
               Gods.
               
            
             
               8.
               
               Now
               what
               large
               and
               new
               Honours
               were
               heap'●
               upon
               Pompey
               ,
               partly
               by
               the
               flattery
               of
               Favour
               ,
               partly
               by
               the
               noise
               of
               Envy
               !
               Being
               a
               Roman
               Knight
               ,
               he
               was
               sent
               Consul
               into
               Spain
               ,
               with
               equal
               command
               to
               
                 Pius
                 Metellus
              
               Prince
               of
               the
               City
               .
               Before
               he
               had
               stood
               for
               any
               Honour
               ,
               he
               triumph'd
               twice
               .
               The
               beginnings
               of
               Magistracy
               he
               took
               from
               the
               chief
               Command
               .
               The
               Third
               Co●sulship
               he
               sway'd
               alone
               ,
               by
               the
               Dec●ee
               of
               the
               Senate
               .
               He
               triumph'd
               at
               once
               over
               
                 Methridates
                 ,
                 Tigranes
              
               ,
               and
               several
               other
               Kings
               ,
               Nations
               ,
               Cities
               ,
               and
               the
               Pirats
               .
            
             
               9.
               
               
                 Q.
                 Catulus
              
               also
               was
               ,
               by
               the
               voice
               of
               the
               People
               of
               Rome
               ,
               within
               a
               little
               advanc'd
               to
               the
               Stars
               .
               For
               being
               as●'d
               by
               him
               in
               the
               Common-hall
               ,
               whether
               they
               persever'd
               to
               repose
               the
               whole
               management
               of
               all
               things
               in
               one
               Pompey
               ,
               they
               cried
               out
               with
               one
               voice
               ,
               
                 In
                 thee
              
               .
               The
               great
               force
               of
               a
               judgment
               of
               Reputation
               ,
               which
               equall'd
               Catulus
               ,
               included
               in
               the
               space
               of
               two
               Syllables
               ,
               to
               the
               great
               Pompey
               ,
               with
               all
               the
               Ornaments
               that
               I
               have
               related
               .
            
             
               10.
               
               The
               reception
               of
               
                 M.
                 Cato
              
               returning
               out
               of
               Cyprus
               ,
               with
               the
               Royal
               Money
               ,
               may
               seem
               wonderful
               :
               To
               whom
               at
               his
               l●nding
               th●
               Consuls
               ,
               and
               other
               Magist●ates
               ,
               the
               Senate
               and
               all
               the
               People
               of
               Rome
               attende●
               ou●
               of
               duty
               .
               Rejoycing
               not
               at
               the
               vast
               
               weight
               of
               Gold
               and
               Silver
               ,
               but
               for
               that
               Cato
               h●d
               brought
               back
               the
               Navy
               safe
               .
            
             
               11.
               
               But
               I
               cannot
               tell
               whether
               the
               Example
               of
               the
               unusual
               Honour
               done
               to
               
                 L.
                 Marcius
              
               be
               not
               one
               of
               the
               chief
               ;
               whom
               the
               two
               Armies
               upon
               the
               death
               of
               P.
               and
               
                 Cn.
                 Scipio
              
               ,
               torn
               and
               shattered
               by
               the
               Victory
               of
               Hannibal
               ,
               chose
               him
               their
               General
               ,
               when
               their
               s●fe●y
               was
               reduced
               to
               the
               last
               gasp
               ,
               leaving
               no
               place
               for
               Ambition
               .
            
             
               12.
               
               Deservedly
               Sulpitia
               deserves
               to
               be
               remembred
               after
               the
               Men
               ,
               the
               Daughter
               of
               
                 Servi●s
                 ●●●●●●dus
              
               ,
               and
               the
               Wife
               of
               
                 Fulvius
                 Flaccus
              
               :
               Who
               when
               the
               Senate
               ,
               upon
               the
               Decemvirs
               inspection
               into
               the
               Sibylls
               Books
               ,
               had
               decreed
               that
               the
               Image
               of
               Venus
               Turn-heart
               should
               be
               consecrated
               ,
               whereby
               the
               minds
               of
               the
               women
               might
               be
               changed
               from
               Lust
               to
               Chastily
               ;
               and
               that
               of
               all
               the
               Matrons
               an
               hundred
               ,
               out
               of
               an
               hundred
               ten
               were
               chosen
               by
               Lot
               ,
               to
               give
               judgment
               concerning
               the
               most
               ch●st
               Women
               ,
               she
               was
               preferr'd
               before
               all
               the
               rest
               .
            
             
               
                 STRANGERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 But
                 because
                 Forraign
                 Honours
                 may
                 be
                 related
                 without
                 any
                 diminution
                 of
                 our
                 Roman
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 let
                 us
                 pass
                 over
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 Hearers
                 of
                 Pythagoras
                 gave
                 him
                 so
                 much
                 Veneration
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 accompted
                 it
                 a
                 Crime
                 to
                 question
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 received
                 from
                 him
                 :
                 And
                 being
                 asked
                 the
                 reason
                 ,
                 they
                 onely
                 answered
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   He
                   had
                   said
                   it
                
                 .
                 A
                 great
                 Man
                 ,
                 but
                 no
                 farther
                 than
                 his
                 School
                 hitherto
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 veneration
                 was
                 given
                 him
                 by
                 Cities
                 .
                 The
                 Crotoniates
                 earnestly
                 desired
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 Senate
                 ,
                 which
                 consisted
                 of
                 a
                 Thousand
                 People
                 ,
                 might
                 take
                 advice
                 of
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 opulent
                 City
                 ,
                 so
                 frequently
                 venerating
                 his
                 House
                 after
                 his
                 death
                 ,
                 made
                 it
                 a
                 Chappel
                 to
                 
                 Ceres
                 .
                 And
                 while
                 that
                 City
                 flourished
                 ,
                 a
                 Goddess
                 was
                 worshipped
                 in
                 the
                 remembrance
                 of
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Man
                 in
                 the
                 remembrance
                 of
                 a
                 Goddess
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Gorgias
                 of
                 Leontium
                 so
                 far
                 excelled
                 all
                 persons
                 of
                 that
                 Age
                 in
                 Learning
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 all
                 Assemblies
                 he
                 was
                 wont
                 to
                 ask
                 ,
                 what
                 subject
                 they
                 would
                 hear
                 him
                 dispute
                 upon
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 reason
                 all
                 Greece
                 set
                 him
                 up
                 a
                 Statue
                 of
                 massie
                 Gold
                 in
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Apollo
                 ;
                 when
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 of
                 his
                 time
                 ,
                 had
                 only
                 gilded
                 Images
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 same
                 Nation
                 by
                 consent
                 strove
                 to
                 honour
                 Amphiaraus
                 ,
                 by
                 reducing
                 the
                 place
                 where
                 he
                 was
                 buried
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 form
                 and
                 state
                 of
                 a
                 Temple
                 ,
                 and
                 ordering
                 Oracles
                 to
                 be
                 there
                 taken
                 .
                 Whose
                 Ashes
                 possess
                 the
                 same
                 Honour
                 as
                 the
                 Pythian
                 Den
                 ,
                 
                 Dodona's
                 Brazen
                 Dove
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Fountain
                 of
                 Hammon
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Nor
                 was
                 that
                 a
                 vulgar
                 Honour
                 done
                 to
                 Phere●i●e
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 alone
                 of
                 all
                 women
                 it
                 was
                 permitted
                 to
                 be
                 present
                 at
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 Wrastling
                 ,
                 when
                 she
                 brought
                 to
                 the
                 Olympic
                 Games
                 her
                 Son
                 Euclea
                 ,
                 begot
                 by
                 Olympionices
                 ,
                 while
                 his
                 Brothers
                 having
                 obtained
                 the
                 same
                 Lawrels
                 ,
                 sare
                 by
                 her
                 sides
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             LIB
             .
             IX
             .
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               I.
               Of
               Luxury
               and
               Lust.
               
            
             
               
                 Roman
                 Examples
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 C.
                 Sergius
                 Orata
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Clodius
                 
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                
                 Aesopus
                 
                   the
                   Tragedian
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 
                   Women
                   opposers
                   of
                   the
                
                 Oppian
                 Law.
                 
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Cn.
                 Domitius
                 and
                 L.
                 Crassus
                 Consuls
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Q.
                 Metellus
                 Pius
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 C.
                 Scribonius
                 
                   Son
                   of
                
                 Curius
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 P.
                 Clodius
                 
                   his
                   judgment
                
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Gemellus
                 
                   a
                   Tribunician
                   Traveller
                
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 L.
                 Catiline
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 STRANGERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Hannibal
                 
                   Son
                   of
                
                 Amilcar
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Vulsinians
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Xerxes
                 the
                 Persian
                 King.
                 
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Antiochus
                 the
                 Syrian
                 King.
                 
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Ptolomey
                 
                   King
                   of
                
                 Egypt
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 The
                 Egyptians
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 The
                 Cyprians
                 .
              
            
             
               LEt
               Luxury
               ,
               a
               flattering
               Crime
               ,
               more
               easie
               to
               accuse
               than
               shun
               ,
               be
               inserted
               into
               this
               Work
               of
               ours
               :
               Not
               to
               receive
               any
               Honour
               ,
               but
               that
               coming
               to
               know
               her self
               ,
               she
               may
               be
               compelled
               so
               Penitence
               .
               Let
               Lust
               be
               joyn'd
               with
               her
               ,
               because
               it
               arises
               from
               the
               same
               Principles
               of
               Vice.
               Nor
               let
               them
               be
               separated
               from
               reprehension
               ,
               or
               amendment
               ,
               that
               are
               
               ●yed
               together
               by
               a
               double
               errour
               of
               the
               Minde
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 C.
                 Sergius
                 Orata
              
               was
               the
               first
               that
               made
               hanging
               〈◊〉
               ;
               which
               cost
               having
               but
               a
               slight
               beginning
               ,
               extended
               it self
               almost
               to
               Seas
               of
               Hot-water
               .
            
             
               The
               same
               person
               ,
               because
               he
               would
               not
               have
               his
               Palace
               subject
               to
               the
               power
               of
               Neptune
               ,
               invented
               peculiar
               Seas
               to
               himself
               ,
               and
               separated
               sholes
               of
               divers
               sorts
               of
               Fish
               within
               the
               large
               circuits
               of
               vast
               Moles
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               no
               Tempest
               whatever
               should
               deprive
               his
               Table
               of
               his
               desired
               Dainties
               .
               He
               also
               burden'd
               the
               (
               till
               then
               )
               desert
               Banks
               of
               the
               Lake
               Lucrinus
               with
               stately
               and
               high
               Buildings
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               keep
               his
               Shell-fish
               fresh
               .
               Where
               while
               he
               plunges
               himself
               too
               deep
               into
               the
               publick
               Water
               ,
               he
               was
               hurried
               to
               the
               Judgment
               .
               Seat
               by
               Considius
               the
               Publican
               .
               Where
               
                 L.
                 Crassus
              
               ,
               pleading
               against
               him
               ,
               said
               ,
               
                 That
                 his
                 friend
              
               Considius
               
                 err'd
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 thought
                 that
              
               Orata
               ,
               
                 being
                 removed
                 from
                 the
                 Lake
                 ,
                 would
                 want
                 Oysters
                 :
                 for
                 if
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 have
                 them
                 there
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 finde
                 them
                 upon
                 the
                 Tiles
                 .
              
            
             
               2.
               
               To
               this
               man
               Aesopus
               the
               Tragedian
               ought
               rather
               to
               have
               given
               his
               Son
               in
               Adoption
               ,
               than
               to
               have
               lest
               him
               the
               Heir
               of
               his
               Goods
               ;
               a
               young
               man
               not
               only
               for
               a
               desperate
               ,
               but
               a
               most
               furious
               Luxury
               .
               Of
               whom
               it
               is
               reported
               ,
               that
               he
               gave
               vast
               prices
               for
               Birds
               that
               could
               sing
               or
               talk
               ,
               to
               have
               them
               served
               up
               at
               his
               Table
               instead
               of
               Fig-peckers
               ;
               and
               that
               he
               used
               to
               put
               Pearls
               of
               high
               value
               ,
               dissolv'd
               in
               Vinegar
               ,
               into
               his
               drinks
               ;
               as
               if
               he
               had
               strain'd
               to
               throw
               away
               a
               most
               famous
               Patrimony
               ,
               like
               some
               burthen
               too
               heavy
               for
               his
               shoulders
               .
               Since
               ,
               some
               in
               imitation
               of
               the
               Father
               ,
               others
               of
               the
               Son
               ,
               have
               extended
               their
               hands
               farther
               .
               For
               no
               Vice
               ends
               where
               it
               begins
               .
               This
               it
               is
               that
               f●tches
               out
               Fish
               from
               the
               various
               shoares
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               and
               spreads
               our
               Kitchins
               with
               Oysters
               .
               For
               the
               pleasure
               of
               eating
               and
               drinking
               was
               found
               out
               by
               Art
               and
               Cost
               .
            
             
             
               3.
               
               But
               the
               end
               of
               the
               second
               Pu●i●
               War
               ,
               and
               the
               overcoming
               of
               Philip
               King
               of
               Macedon
               ,
               made
               us
               with
               more
               confidence
               addict
               our selves
               so
               Luxury
               .
               At
               what
               time
               the
               Matrons
               were
               so
               bold
               as
               to
               beset
               the
               House
               of
               the
               Bru●ii
               ,
               who
               by
               the
               abrogation
               of
               the
               Oppian
               Law
               ,
               were
               prepar'd
               to
               intercede
               for
               that
               which
               the
               women
               desir'd
               should
               be
               taken
               away
               ;
               because
               it
               did
               not
               permit
               them
               to
               wear
               a
               coloured
               Garment
               ,
               nor
               to
               have
               about
               them
               above
               half
               an
               Ounce
               of
               Gold
               ,
               nor
               to
               ride
               in
               a
               Chariot
               to
               any
               place
               within
               a
               Mile
               from
               the
               City
               ,
               unless
               it
               were
               to
               the
               Sacrifices
               :
               and
               they
               obtain'd
               ,
               that
               the
               Law
               kept
               for
               above
               twenty
               years
               ,
               should
               be
               abolished
               .
               For
               the
               men
               of
               that
               Age
               did
               not
               foresee
               whither
               the
               obstinate
               Plots
               of
               Women
               would
               tend
               ,
               nor
               how
               far
               a
               boldness
               that
               had
               vanquish'd
               the
               Law
               would
               tend
               .
               For
               could
               they
               have
               look'd
               into
               the
               contrivances
               of
               female
               cunning
               ,
               that
               brings
               in
               something
               of
               sumptuous
               Novelty
               every
               day
               ,
               they
               had
               stopped
               the
               progress
               of
               Luxuy
               at
               its
               first
               entrance
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               But
               what
               do
               I
               talk
               any
               more
               of
               Women
               ?
               whom
               weakness
               of
               Minde
               ,
               and
               the
               affectation
               of
               greater
               employments
               denied
               them
               ,
               incites
               them
               to
               bestow
               all
               their
               time
               in
               trimming
               up
               themselves
               ,
               whe●
               I
               finde
               Men
               fallen
               into
               this
               d●vertisement
               ,
               unknown
               to
               the
               antient
               Continence
               ?
               And
               let
               it
               appear
               to
               their
               reproach
               .
            
             
               
                 Cneus
                 Domitius
              
               ,
               upon
               a
               quarrel
               with
               
                 L.
                 Crassus
              
               his
               Colleague
               ,
               objected
               to
               him
               ,
               that
               he
               had
               Hymettian
               Pillars
               in
               his
               House
               .
               Whom
               Crassus
               immediately
               ask'd
               ,
               what
               he
               valued
               his
               own
               House
               at
               ?
               When
               he
               answer'd
               ,
               
                 Threescore
                 Sesterces
                 .
                 And
                 how
                 much
                 ,
                 think
                 you
                 ,
              
               said
               the
               other
               ,
               
                 if
                 I
                 should
                 cut
                 te●
                 little
                 shr●bs
                 out
                 of
                 it
                 ?
                 Thirty
                 Sesterces
                 ,
              
               said
               the
               other
               .
               
                 Which
                 thou
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 Luxurious
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 ,
              
               replied
               
                 Crassus
                 ,
                 I
                 th●t
                 bought
                 ten
                 Pillars
                 for
                 an
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 pieces
                 of
                 
                 Money
                 ;
                 or
                 thou
                 ,
                 that
                 valuest
                 the
                 shadow
                 of
                 ten
                 small
                 Trees
                 at
                 thirty
                 Sesterces
                 ?
              
               An
               expression
               forgetful
               of
               Pyrrhus
               ,
               unmindful
               of
               Hannibal
               ,
               and
               yawning
               with
               the
               abundance
               of
               Forreign
               Luxury
               ;
               because
               th●y
               had
               rather
               bequeath
               the
               Daintiness
               and
               curiosity
               which
               they
               themselves
               had
               b●gun
               ,
               to
               their
               Posterity
               ,
               than
               retain
               the
               Continence
               which
               their
               Fore-fathers
               had
               left
               them
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               For
               what
               meant
               that
               Prince
               of
               his
               time
               ,
               
                 Metellus
                 Pius
              
               ,
               when
               he
               suffer'd
               himself
               to
               be
               received
               at
               his
               first
               coming
               ,
               with
               Altars
               and
               Frankincense
               ?
               When
               he
               beh●ld
               the
               walls
               of
               the
               Rooms
               spread
               with
               Attalican
               Tapestry
               ,
               as
               a
               sight
               that
               pleased
               him
               ?
               When
               he
               permitted
               long
               Plays
               at
               tedious
               Festivals
               ?
               When
               he
               wore
               his
               Triumphal
               Garment
               at
               the
               celebration
               of
               great
               Banquets
               ,
               and
               contentedly
               received
               Crowns
               let
               down
               from
               open
               places
               ,
               as
               it
               were
               from
               Heaven
               ,
               upon
               his
               celestial
               Head
               ?
               And
               where
               were
               these
               things
               ?
               Not
               in
               Greece
               or
               Asia
               ,
               where
               Severity
               itself
               might
               be
               corrupted
               with
               Luxury
               ;
               but
               in
               a
               wild
               and
               warlike
               Province
               ,
               when
               a
               formidable
               Enemy
               ,
               Sertori●s
               ,
               would
               not
               let
               the
               Roman
               Armies
               lie
               quiet
               ,
               but
               goar'd
               them
               continually
               with
               the
               Lusitanian
               Darts
               .
               So
               much
               had
               he
               forgot
               the
               Numidian
               Camp
               of
               his
               father
               .
               Whence
               it
               appears
               how
               swiftly
               Luxury
               insinuates
               it self
               .
               For
               he
               that
               in
               his
               Youth
               beheld
               the
               antient
               Customes
               ,
               in
               his
               old
               Age
               introduced
               new
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               The
               same
               change
               was
               in
               the
               House
               of
               the
               Curii
               ;
               while
               our
               City
               and
               Judgment-Seat
               beheld
               the
               rigid
               Brow
               of
               the
               Father
               ,
               and
               the
               high
               Debt
               of
               six
               hundred
               Sesterces
               of
               the
               Son
               ,
               contracted
               by
               the
               ignominious
               Injury
               done
               to
               the
               Noble
               Youth
               of
               Rom●
               .
               Therefore
               at
               the
               same
               Time
               ,
               and
               under
               the
               same
               Roof
               ,
               two
               several
               Ages
               lived
               ;
               the
               one
               of
               Frugality
               ,
               the
               other
               of
               vitious
               Prodigality
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               By
               the
               Sentence
               against
               
                 P.
                 Clodius
              
               ,
               what
               strange
               
               Luxury
               appeared
               in
               him
               ,
               what
               a
               savage
               Lust
               ?
               Who
               ,
               though
               guilty
               of
               Incest
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               be
               acquitted
               ,
               bought
               whole
               nights
               of
               the
               Matrons
               and
               noble
               Youth
               at
               vast
               rates
               ,
               to
               pleasure
               his
               Judges
               withal
               .
               In
               which
               horrid
               and
               abominable
               Crime
               ,
               I
               know
               not
               which
               first
               to
               detest
               ;
               whether
               him
               that
               first
               invented
               that
               way
               of
               Corruption
               ;
               or
               they
               that
               suffer'd
               their
               Chastity
               ●o
               mediate
               to
               Perjury
               ;
               or
               they
               that
               valued
               Adultery
               beyond
               Justice
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               Equally
               abominable
               was
               that
               Banquet
               ,
               which
               Gemellus
               a
               Tribunitian
               Traveller
               ,
               of
               good
               Parents
               ,
               but
               one
               that
               had
               betaken
               himself
               to
               a
               Servile
               employment
               ,
               prepar'd
               for
               
                 Metellus
                 Scipio
              
               Consul
               ,
               and
               the
               Tribune●
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               to
               the
               great
               scandal
               of
               the
               City
               .
               For
               having
               set
               up
               a
               Stew
               in
               his
               own
               House
               ;
               he
               prostituted
               therein
               Mucia
               and
               Fulvia
               ,
               both
               taken
               away
               from
               Father
               and
               Mother
               ,
               and
               Saturninus
               a
               Youth
               of
               a
               Noble
               Family
               .
               Bodies
               of
               infamous
               suffering
               ,
               brought
               to
               be
               the
               scorn
               of
               drunken
               Lust
               !
               Banquets
               not
               to
               be
               celebrated
               by
               Consuls
               and
               Tribunes
               ,
               but
               to
               have
               been
               punish'd
               .
            
             
               9.
               
               But
               enormous
               was
               the
               Lust
               of
               Catiline
               :
               For
               being
               mad
               in
               love
               with
               
                 Aurelia
                 Orestilla
              
               ,
               when
               he
               saw
               one
               Impediment
               to
               hinder
               him
               from
               being
               married
               to
               her
               ,
               poyson'd
               his
               own
               and
               only
               Son
               ,
               almost
               of
               age
               ;
               and
               presently
               kindled
               the
               Nuptial
               Torch
               at
               his
               Funeral-Pile
               ,
               bequeathing
               his
               want
               of
               Children
               as
               a
               gift
               to
               his
               new
               Bride
               .
               But
               behaving
               himself
               at
               length
               with
               the
               same
               minde
               as
               a
               Citizen
               ,
               as
               he
               had
               shewed
               himself
               a
               Father
               ,
               he
               fell
               a
               just
               Sacrifice
               to
               the
               Ghost
               of
               his
               Son
               ,
               and
               his
               impiously-invaded
               Country
               .
            
             
               
                 STRANGERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 But
                 the
                 Campanian
                 Luxury
                 ,
                 how
                 profitable
                 was
                 it
                 to
                 our
                 Country
                 ?
                 For
                 embracing
                 invincible
                 Hannibal
                 
                 in
                 the
                 arms
                 of
                 her
                 Allurements
                 ,
                 she
                 fitted
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 vanquished
                 by
                 the
                 Roman
                 Souldiers
                 .
                 She
                 called
                 forth
                 a
                 vigilant
                 Captain
                 ,
                 she
                 invited
                 a
                 couragious
                 Army
                 to
                 long
                 Banquets
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 plenty
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 the
                 fragrancy
                 of
                 Oyntments
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 lascivious
                 so●●ness
                 of
                 Venery
                 ,
                 inveagl'd
                 them
                 to
                 Sleep
                 and
                 Pleasure
                 .
                 And
                 then
                 was
                 the
                 Punic
                 fierceness
                 broken
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 lay
                 encamped
                 among
                 the
                 Persum●rs
                 of
                 Capu●
                 .
                 What
                 then
                 more
                 ignominious
                 than
                 these
                 Vices
                 ,
                 what
                 more
                 hurtful
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 Vertue
                 is
                 worn
                 out
                 ,
                 Victories
                 languish
                 ,
                 Honour
                 stupified
                 is
                 turn'd
                 to
                 In●amy
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 vigour
                 of
                 Body
                 and
                 Minde
                 quite
                 weakned
                 and
                 brok●n
                 ?
                 So
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 hard
                 to
                 say
                 which
                 is
                 worst
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 subdued
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Which
                 in●ested
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Volsinians
                 with
                 sad
                 and
                 direful
                 slaughters
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 rich
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 ado●n'd
                 with
                 Customes
                 and
                 Laws
                 :
                 it
                 was
                 the
                 Head
                 and
                 Metropolis
                 of
                 H●truri●
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 once
                 Luxury
                 crept
                 in
                 ,
                 it
                 fell
                 into
                 an
                 Abyss
                 of
                 Injuries
                 and
                 Infa●●y
                 ,
                 ●ill
                 she
                 became
                 subjected
                 to
                 the
                 insolent
                 power
                 of
                 her
                 Servants
                 .
                 Who
                 at
                 first
                 in
                 a
                 small
                 number
                 da●ing
                 to
                 enter
                 the
                 Senate
                 House
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 overturn'd
                 and
                 master'd
                 the
                 whole
                 Commonwealth
                 .
                 They
                 order'd
                 Wills
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 at
                 their
                 own
                 pleasure
                 .
                 They
                 forbad
                 the
                 Meetings
                 and
                 Feastings
                 of
                 the
                 Free-men
                 ,
                 and
                 married
                 their
                 Masters
                 Daughters
                 .
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 a
                 Law
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 Adulteries
                 committed
                 with
                 Widows
                 and
                 Married-women
                 should
                 go
                 unpunished
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 no
                 Virgin
                 should
                 marry
                 a
                 Freeman
                 ,
                 unless
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 before
                 had
                 had
                 her
                 Virginity
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Xerxes
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 proud
                 imitation
                 of
                 his
                 vas●
                 wealth
                 ,
                 grew
                 to
                 that
                 height
                 of
                 Luxury
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 propounded
                 Rewards
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 should
                 invent
                 any
                 new
                 Pleasure
                 .
                 What
                 a
                 ruine
                 befel
                 a
                 most
                 wide
                 Empire
                 ,
                 too
                 deeply
                 plunged
                 in
                 Pleasure
                 and
                 Voluptuousness
                 !
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Antioch●●
                 the
                 King
                 not
                 a
                 whit
                 the
                 mor●
                 con●inent
                 ;
                 
                 whose
                 blinde
                 and
                 mad
                 Luxury
                 the
                 Army
                 imitating
                 ,
                 had
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 Golden
                 Nails
                 under
                 the
                 soles
                 of
                 their
                 Shoes
                 ;
                 and
                 bought
                 Silver
                 Dishes
                 for
                 their
                 Kitchins
                 ;
                 and
                 had
                 their
                 Tents
                 of
                 Tapestry-work
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 .
                 A
                 booty
                 more
                 desireable
                 by
                 a
                 needy
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 than
                 any
                 delay
                 to
                 a
                 stout
                 Souldier
                 from
                 Victory
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Ptolomey
                 the
                 King
                 liv'd
                 by
                 the
                 accession
                 of
                 his
                 Vices
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 therefore
                 call'd
                 Phys●on
                 :
                 Than
                 whose
                 Wickedness
                 there
                 could
                 be
                 nothing
                 more
                 wicked
                 .
                 He
                 married
                 his
                 elde●t
                 Sister
                 ,
                 married
                 before
                 to
                 thei●
                 common
                 Brother
                 ;
                 then
                 having
                 vi●iated
                 her
                 Daughter
                 ,
                 he
                 divorced
                 the
                 Sister
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 marry
                 the
                 Daughter
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Like
                 to
                 their
                 Kings
                 were
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 who
                 under
                 the
                 command
                 of
                 Archelaus
                 ,
                 sallying
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 City
                 against
                 
                   A.
                   Gabinius
                
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 commanded
                 to
                 entrench
                 themselves
                 ,
                 cry'd
                 out
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   that
                   was
                   a
                   work
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   at
                   the
                   publick
                   Ch●rge
                   .
                
                 And
                 therefore
                 their
                 Courages
                 ,
                 weakned
                 with
                 the
                 softnes●
                 of
                 Pleasures
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 stand
                 the
                 sury
                 of
                 our
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 But
                 more
                 effeminate
                 were
                 the
                 Cyprians
                 ,
                 who
                 suffer'd
                 their
                 Women
                 to
                 lye
                 upon
                 the
                 grou●d
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 Queens
                 to
                 tread
                 upon
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 ascended
                 into
                 their
                 Chariots
                 .
                 For
                 for
                 men
                 ,
                 if
                 men
                 they
                 were
                 ,
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 better
                 not
                 have
                 lived
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 live
                 obedient
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 soft
                 Command
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               II.
               Of
               Cruelty
               .
            
             
               
                 In
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Cor.
                 Sylla
                 Dic●ator
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 C.
                 Marius
                 
                   seven
                   times
                   Consul
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 L.
                 Junius
                 Damasippus
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Munatius
                 Fla
                 us
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 STRANGERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Carthaginians
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Hannibal
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Mithridates
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Numulizinthes
                 
                   King
                   of
                
                 Thrace
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Ptolomey
                 Physcon
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Darius
                 Ochus
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Artaxerxes
                 Ochus
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 The
                 A●henians
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 Perillu●
                 of
                 Sicily
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 Hetrurians
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 
                   Certain
                   Barbarians
                
                 .
              
            
             
               THis
               last
               Society
               of
               men
               carried
               a
               lascivious
               Countenance
               ,
               Eyes
               greedly
               after
               Novelty
               of
               delight
               ,
               and
               a
               Minde
               transported
               through
               all
               the
               allurements
               of
               Pleasure
               .
               But
               the
               horrid
               habit
               of
               Cruelty
               is
               of
               another
               nature
               ;
               savage
               Countenance
               ,
               violent
               Minds
               ,
               terrible
               Utterance
               ,
               Mouths
               full
               of
               Threats
               and
               bloody
               Commands
               ;
               to
               which
               being
               silent
               ,
               is
               but
               to
               increase
               its
               fury
               .
               For
               how
               shall
               she
               set
               bounds
               to
               her self
               ,
               unless
               she
               were
               recall'd
               by
               the
               bridle
               of
               reprehension
               ?
               In
               short
               ,
               since
               it
               is
               her
               business
               to
               make
               herself
               dreaded
               ;
               let
               it
               be
               ours
               ,
               to
               have
               her
               in
               abomination
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 L.
                 Sylla
              
               ,
               whom
               no
               man
               can
               either
               sufficiently
               praise
               or
               dispraise
               ;
               who
               while
               he
               seeks
               after
               Victory
               ,
               represents
               himself
               a
               Scipio
               to
               the
               Roman
               People
               ;
               while
               he
               exercises
               Cruelty
               ,
               a
               meer
               Hannibal
               .
               For
               having
               egregiously
               defended
               the
               cause
               of
               the
               Nobility
               ,
               ●ruelly
               he
               overflow'd
               the
               whole
               City
               ,
               and
               every
               part
               
               of
               Italy
               ,
               with
               rivers
               of
               Civil
               Blood.
               Four
               Legions
               of
               the
               adverse
               party
               ,
               ●rusting
               to
               his
               Faith
               ,
               and
               following
               his
               Banners
               ,
               in
               a
               publick
               Village
               ,
               in
               vain
               imploring
               the
               compassion
               of
               his
               faithless
               arm
               ,
               he
               caused
               to
               be
               cut
               in
               pieces
               .
               Whose
               lamentable
               cries
               pierc'd
               the
               ears
               of
               the
               trembling
               City
               :
               and
               Tibur
               was
               compelled
               to
               wa●t
               away
               their
               memberless
               Bodies
               ,
               impatient
               of
               so
               heavy
               a
               burthen
               .
               Five
               thousand
               Praenestines
               ,
               hope
               of
               safety
               being
               granted
               them
               by
               Cethegus
               ,
               being
               call'd
               sorth
               without
               the
               Walls
               of
               the
               Free-town
               ,
               after
               they
               had
               thrown
               away
               their
               Armes
               ,
               and
               lay
               prostrate
               upon
               the
               ground
               ,
               he
               caus'd
               to
               be
               slain
               ,
               and
               their
               Bodies
               to
               be
               thrown
               about
               the
               fields
               .
               He
               caused
               a
               Record
               to
               be
               made
               of
               four
               thousand
               seven
               hundred
               murder'd
               upon
               the
               dire
               decree
               of
               Proscription
               .
               Nor
               content
               to
               rage
               against
               them
               who
               had
               born
               Armes
               against
               him
               ,
               he
               added
               also
               to
               the
               number
               of
               the
               proscribed
               ,
               several
               peaceable
               Citizens
               ,
               whose
               names
               he
               collected
               by
               the
               Nomenclator
               :
               He
               also
               drew
               his
               Sword
               against
               the
               Women
               ,
               not
               satisfi'd
               with
               the
               slaughter
               of
               the
               men
               .
               That
               was
               also
               a
               signe
               of
               incredible
               Insatiety
               ,
               that
               he
               caused
               the
               Heads
               of
               the
               miserable
               creatures
               ,
               newly
               cut
               off
               ,
               and
               as
               yet
               retaining
               their
               Physiognomies
               and
               Breath
               ,
               to
               be
               brought
               into
               his
               presence
               ,
               that
               what
               he
               could
               not
               devour
               with
               his
               ●eeth
               ,
               he
               might
               with
               his
               eyes
               .
               How
               cruelly
               did
               he
               carry
               himself
               toward
               
                 M.
                 Marius
              
               the
               Praetor
               ,
               who
               being
               dragg'd
               in
               the
               sight
               of
               the
               people
               to
               the
               Sepulcher
               of
               the
               Lutatian
               Family
               ,
               he
               would
               not
               put
               him
               to
               de●th
               ,
               till
               he
               had
               digg'd
               out
               his
               eyes
               ,
               and
               broken
               the
               several
               members
               of
               that
               unfortunate
               persons
               .
               Methinks
               I
               hardly
               seem
               to
               relate
               Truths
               .
               And
               yet
               because
               
                 M.
                 Plaetorius
              
               fell
               into
               a
               Swoon
               upon
               the
               Execution
               of
               Marius
               ,
               he
               presently
               slew
               him
               .
               A
               new
               Punisher
               of
               Pitie
               ,
               with
               whom
               to
               behold
               wickedness
               with
               an
               averse
               minde
               ,
               was
               to
               commit
               a
               Crime
               .
               But
               sure
               he
               
               spar'd
               the
               shades
               of
               the
               Dead
               ?
               No.
               For
               digging
               up
               the
               ashes
               of
               
                 C.
                 Marius
              
               ,
               whose
               Quaestor
               once
               he
               was
               ,
               though
               afterwards
               his
               Enemy
               ,
               he
               scatter'd
               them
               upon
               the
               river
               Anio
               .
               Behold
               by
               what
               acts
               he
               thought
               to
               obtain
               the
               name
               of
               Happy
               !
            
             
               2.
               
               Of
               which
               Cruelty
               however
               
                 C.
                 Marius
              
               mitigates
               the
               envy
               .
               For
               he
               out
               of
               an
               eager
               desire
               of
               prosecuting
               his
               Enemies
               ,
               wickedly
               unsheath'd
               his
               Anger
               ;
               with
               an
               ignoble
               Severity
               dismembring
               the
               honoured
               Body
               of
               
                 L.
                 Caesar
              
               of
               the
               Consular
               and
               Censor's
               Dignity
               ;
               and
               at
               the
               Sepulcher
               of
               a
               most
               abject
               and
               seditious
               person
               :
               For
               that
               mischief
               was
               wanting
               to
               the
               miserable
               Republique
               ,
               That
               Caesar
               should
               fall
               a
               Victime
               to
               Varius
               .
               Hardly
               were
               his
               Victories
               of
               equal
               value
               ;
               which
               when
               he
               forgot
               ,
               he
               became
               more
               criminal
               home
               ,
               than
               praise-worthy
               for
               his
               Victories
               abroad
               .
               The
               same
               person
               ,
               when
               the
               Head
               of
               
                 M.
                 Anthony
              
               ,
               cut
               off
               ,
               was
               brought
               him
               ,
               betray'd
               much
               insolence
               both
               of
               thought
               and
               words
               ,
               as
               he
               held
               it
               in
               his
               joyful
               hands
               ,
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               a
               Banquet
               ;
               suffering
               the
               Sacred's
               of
               the
               Table
               to
               be
               contaminated
               with
               the
               Blood
               of
               a
               most
               famous
               Commonwealths
               man
               and
               Orator
               .
               More
               than
               that
               ,
               he
               received
               
                 P.
                 Annius
              
               ,
               that
               brought
               it
               ,
               reaking
               with
               the
               fresh
               blood
               ,
               into
               his
               Bosome
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Damasippus
               had
               no
               praise
               ;
               and
               therefore
               his
               memory
               may
               be
               the
               more
               severely
               prosecuted
               :
               by
               whose
               commands
               the
               Heads
               of
               the
               principal
               Men
               of
               the
               City
               were
               mingled
               with
               the
               heads
               of
               the
               Sacrifices
               ;
               and
               the
               headless
               Body
               of
               
                 Carbo
                 Arvina
              
               carried
               about
               ,
               nail'd
               to
               the
               Gallows
               .
               So
               that
               the
               Pretorship
               of
               a
               most
               licentious
               man
               could
               do
               much
               ,
               or
               the
               Authority
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               nothing
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               
                 Munatius
                 Flaccus
              
               ,
               a
               more
               stiff
               than
               approved
               defender
               of
               
               Pompey's
               party
               ,
               when
               he
               was
               besieged
               by
               Cesar
               in
               Spain
               ,
               within
               the
               walls
               of
               Attegua
               ,
               he
               
               exercis'd
               his
               savage
               Cruelty
               after
               a
               most
               truculent
               manner
               .
               For
               after
               he
               had
               kill'd
               all
               the
               Citizens
               which
               he
               thought
               well
               affected
               to
               Caesar
               ,
               he
               threw
               them
               headlong
               from
               the
               Walls
               .
               He
               also
               murder'd
               the
               Women
               ,
               calling
               their
               Husbands
               first
               that
               were
               in
               
               Caesar's
               Camp
               to
               the
               walls
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               they
               might
               behold
               the
               slaughter
               of
               their
               Wives
               .
               Nor
               did
               he
               spare
               the
               Children
               laid
               upon
               their
               Mothers
               laps
               ;
               suffering
               the
               tender
               Infants
               to
               be
               some
               dash'd
               against
               the
               stones
               ,
               others
               to
               be
               thrown
               up
               and
               to
               fall
               upon
               the
               stakes
               .
               Which
               things
               ,
               intolerable
               to
               be
               heard
               ,
               were
               executed
               by
               Lusitanians
               ,
               at
               the
               command
               of
               a
               Roman
               ;
               by
               whose
               assistance
               ,
               Flaccus
               well
               fortified
               ,
               withstood
               the
               divine
               Labours
               of
               Caesar
               ,
               with
               a
               doting
               obstinacy
               .
            
             
               
                 STRANGERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Let
                 us
                 pass
                 to
                 those
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 though
                 there
                 be
                 the
                 same
                 grief
                 ,
                 yet
                 there
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 same
                 reason
                 for
                 our
                 City
                 to
                 blush
                 .
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 put
                 
                   Attilius
                   Regulus
                
                 to
                 death
                 after
                 a
                 doleful
                 manner
                 .
                 For
                 having
                 cut
                 off
                 his
                 Eye-brows
                 ,
                 and
                 shut
                 him
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 wooden
                 case
                 ,
                 wherein
                 there
                 was
                 nothing
                 but
                 sharp
                 nails
                 ,
                 they
                 suffer'd
                 him
                 to
                 linger
                 with
                 continual
                 watching
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 long
                 series
                 of
                 pain
                 .
                 A
                 kind
                 of
                 Torment
                 not
                 worthy
                 him
                 that
                 suffer'd
                 ,
                 but
                 becoming
                 the
                 Authors
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 Cruelty
                 they
                 used
                 toward
                 our
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 whom
                 being
                 taken
                 in
                 a
                 Sea-fight
                 ,
                 they
                 fasten'd
                 under
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 crush'd
                 to
                 death
                 by
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 the
                 Reel
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 satiate
                 their
                 barbarous
                 ferity
                 ,
                 by
                 an
                 unusual
                 kinde
                 of
                 death
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Their
                 Captain
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 whose
                 chiefest
                 Vertue
                 consisted
                 in
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 Bridge
                 over
                 the
                 River
                 Vergellus
                 with
                 the
                 bodies
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 led
                 
                 over
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Earth
                 might
                 experiment
                 the
                 wickedness
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Land-forces
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Sea
                 had
                 beheld
                 the
                 barbarity
                 of
                 their
                 Mariners
                 .
                 Those
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 taken
                 prisoners
                 ,
                 picking
                 out
                 the
                 nearest
                 of
                 Kin
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 he
                 compell'd
                 to
                 fight
                 by
                 pairs
                 ,
                 till
                 he
                 made
                 them
                 destroy
                 one
                 another
                 .
                 Those
                 that
                 were
                 tir'd
                 he
                 lest
                 upon
                 the
                 Road
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 lower
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Feet
                 cut
                 off
                 .
                 Deservedly
                 therefore
                 ,
                 though
                 too
                 slow
                 the
                 punishment
                 were
                 ,
                 the
                 Senate
                 forced
                 him
                 ,
                 when
                 a
                 Suppliant
                 to
                 King
                 Prusias
                 ,
                 to
                 a
                 voluntary
                 Death
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 As
                 truely
                 had
                 they
                 reason
                 to
                 abominate
                 Mithridates
                 ,
                 who
                 with
                 one
                 Epistle
                 slew
                 fourscore
                 thousand
                 Roman
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 dispers'd
                 over
                 Asia
                 as
                 Merchant●
                 ,
                 defiling
                 the
                 hospitable
                 Gods
                 of
                 so
                 large
                 a
                 Province
                 ,
                 with
                 blood
                 unjustly
                 shed
                 ,
                 though
                 not
                 unrevenged
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 intolerable
                 torment
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 he
                 compell'd
                 that
                 Vital
                 Spirit
                 to
                 submit
                 ,
                 that
                 contended
                 with
                 the
                 poyson
                 .
                 Thereby
                 attaining
                 those
                 torments
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 made
                 his
                 own
                 friends
                 to
                 suffer
                 at
                 the
                 beck
                 of
                 Gaurus
                 his
                 Eunuch
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 his
                 obedient
                 Lust
                 could
                 deny
                 nothing
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   Numulizinthis
                   Diogiris
                
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 
                 Thrace's
                 Daughters
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 though
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 to
                 be
                 admir'd
                 ,
                 considering
                 the
                 Barbarity
                 of
                 the
                 Nation
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 horridness
                 will
                 not
                 let
                 it
                 be
                 pass'd
                 in
                 silence
                 :
                 who
                 held
                 it
                 not
                 unlawful
                 to
                 cut
                 living
                 men
                 in
                 two
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 ,
                 or
                 for
                 Parents
                 to
                 feed
                 upon
                 the
                 bodies
                 of
                 their
                 Children
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Again
                 
                   Ptolomey
                   Physcon
                
                 comes
                 upon
                 the
                 stage
                 ;
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 ,
                 a
                 most
                 dreadful
                 Example
                 of
                 lastful
                 Madness
                 ,
                 now
                 of
                 Cruelty
                 .
                 For
                 what
                 more
                 horrid
                 than
                 this
                 ?
                 He
                 caus'd
                 his
                 own
                 Son
                 Menephites
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 got
                 upon
                 Cleopatra
                 his
                 Sister
                 and
                 Wife
                 ,
                 a
                 lovely
                 and
                 hopeful
                 Youth
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 kill'd
                 in
                 his
                 presence
                 ;
                 and
                 sent
                 the
                 Head
                 ,
                 Feet
                 and
                 Hands
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 into
                 
                 a
                 Chest
                 ,
                 cover'd
                 over
                 with
                 the
                 Child's
                 Garment
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Birth-day
                 Gift
                 to
                 the
                 Mother
                 .
                 As
                 if
                 altogether
                 ignorant
                 of
                 the
                 mischief
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 and
                 never
                 the
                 more
                 unfortunate
                 ,
                 for
                 having
                 render'd
                 Cleopatra
                 miserable
                 in
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 Children
                 common
                 to
                 both
                 ,
                 and
                 himself
                 odious
                 to
                 all
                 .
                 With
                 so
                 blinde
                 a
                 fury
                 doth
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 Cruelty
                 rage
                 ,
                 when
                 she
                 thinks
                 to
                 strengthen
                 herself
                 by
                 her
                 own
                 acts
                 !
                 For
                 when
                 he
                 understood
                 how
                 he
                 was
                 hated
                 by
                 his
                 people
                 ,
                 he
                 sought
                 a
                 remedy
                 for
                 his
                 fear
                 in
                 wickedness
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 raign
                 more
                 safely
                 when
                 the
                 people
                 were
                 murder'd
                 ,
                 he
                 surrounded
                 the
                 Gymnasium
                 ,
                 full
                 of
                 young
                 people
                 ,
                 with
                 fire
                 and
                 sword
                 ,
                 and
                 slew
                 ,
                 partly
                 by
                 the
                 flame
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 by
                 sword
                 ,
                 every
                 individual
                 person
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 multitude
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 But
                 Ochus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 afterwards
                 call'd
                 Darius
                 ,
                 bound
                 to
                 the
                 Persians
                 by
                 a
                 most
                 bloody
                 Oath
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 not
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 either
                 by
                 Sword
                 ,
                 Poyson
                 ,
                 Starving
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 manner
                 of
                 violente
                 ,
                 any
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 had
                 conspir'd
                 with
                 him
                 against
                 the
                 Seven
                 Magi
                 ,
                 found
                 out
                 a
                 way
                 of
                 Death
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 he
                 might
                 rid
                 himself
                 of
                 those
                 persons
                 that
                 were
                 burthensome
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 save
                 his
                 Oath
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 fill'd
                 a
                 place
                 ,
                 made
                 up
                 with
                 high
                 walls
                 ,
                 full
                 of
                 Ashes
                 ,
                 and
                 putting
                 a
                 leaning
                 rafter
                 underneath
                 ,
                 he
                 placed
                 them
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 highly
                 feasted
                 them
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 when
                 sleep
                 should
                 seize
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 fall
                 into
                 that
                 insidiary
                 heap
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 More
                 open
                 ,
                 but
                 more
                 horrid
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 Cruelty
                 of
                 
                   Ochus
                   Artaxerxes
                
                 ,
                 who
                 buried
                 his
                 Sister
                 and
                 Mother-in-Law
                 Ocha
                 alive
                 :
                 and
                 stab'd
                 his
                 Uncle
                 to
                 Death
                 with
                 Darts
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 deprived
                 him
                 of
                 an
                 hundred
                 Sons
                 and
                 Nephews
                 ;
                 for
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 injury
                 done
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 they
                 had
                 the
                 highest
                 applause
                 among
                 the
                 Persians
                 for
                 Probi●y
                 and
                 Fortitude
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Guided
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 wicked
                 Suspition
                 ,
                 the
                 Citizens
                 
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 Decree
                 unworthy
                 their
                 Honour
                 ,
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 Thumbs
                 of
                 the
                 Aeginensian
                 Youth
                 ;
                 that
                 a
                 People
                 potent
                 in
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 might
                 not
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 contend
                 with
                 them
                 at
                 Sea.
                 I
                 cannot
                 pardon
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 borrowing
                 ●
                 remedy
                 for
                 their
                 fear
                 from
                 Cruelty
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 Cruel
                 also
                 was
                 that
                 Inventor
                 of
                 the
                 Brazen
                 Bull
                 ,
                 wherein
                 when
                 poor
                 Creatures
                 were
                 lock'd
                 ,
                 and
                 fire
                 put
                 under
                 it
                 ,
                 they
                 seem'd
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 their
                 long
                 and
                 tedious
                 torments
                 to
                 low
                 like
                 the
                 beast
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 lamentations
                 and
                 howlings
                 express'd
                 in
                 Humane
                 Sounds
                 ,
                 might
                 not
                 reach
                 the
                 ears
                 of
                 Phalaris
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 to
                 move
                 his
                 compassion
                 .
                 Which
                 because
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 wanting
                 to
                 the
                 miserable
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 Authour
                 deservedly
                 experimented
                 the
                 torment
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Invention
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 Nor
                 were
                 the
                 Hetrurians
                 a
                 little
                 cruel
                 in
                 the
                 Invention
                 of
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 who
                 tying
                 the
                 bodies
                 of
                 the
                 living
                 back
                 to
                 back
                 ,
                 and
                 face
                 to
                 face
                 together
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 part
                 might
                 answer
                 part
                 ,
                 suffer'd
                 them
                 to
                 lye
                 till
                 they
                 were
                 putrified
                 to
                 Death
                 .
                 Most
                 bitter
                 Tormenters
                 of
                 Life
                 and
                 Death
                 at
                 once
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 Like
                 those
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 reported
                 to
                 set
                 men
                 in
                 heaps
                 of
                 the
                 Bowels
                 and
                 Entrails
                 of
                 kill'd
                 beasts
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 to
                 feed
                 and
                 keep
                 them
                 alive
                 ,
                 till
                 being
                 putrified
                 within
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 eaten
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 Vermine
                 that
                 breed
                 in
                 putrified
                 bodies
                 .
                 Can
                 we
                 complain
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 for
                 having
                 made
                 us
                 lyable
                 to
                 many
                 and
                 dire
                 inconveniencies
                 of
                 Sickness
                 ;
                 or
                 take
                 it
                 ill
                 ,
                 that
                 Celestial
                 Strength
                 should
                 be
                 denied
                 to
                 humane
                 condition
                 ,
                 when
                 Mortality
                 hath
                 invented
                 so
                 many
                 Torments
                 to
                 ruine
                 it self
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 impulse
                 of
                 Cruelty
                 ?
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               III.
               Of
               Anger
               and
               Hatred
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 M.
                 Livius
                 Salinator
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 C.
                 Marcius
                 Figulus
                 
                   a
                   Lawyer
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Patricians
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Roman
                 Youth
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Roman
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Roman
                 People
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Q.
                 Metellus
                 
                   Proconsul
                   of
                
                 Macedon
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 L.
                 Cor.
                 Sylla
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Alexander
                 
                   the
                   Great
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Amilcar
                 
                   Son
                   of
                
                 Barchas
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 A●nibal
                 
                   Son
                   of
                
                 Barchas
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Semiramis
                 
                   Queen
                   of
                
                 Assyria
                 .
              
            
             
               ANger
               and
               Hatred
               stir
               up
               great
               Commotions
               in
               the
               breasts
               of
               Men.
               This
               swifter
               in
               its
               motion
               ,
               the
               other
               more
               obstinate
               in
               the
               desire
               of
               Mischief
               .
               Both
               affections
               full
               of
               Consternation
               ,
               and
               never
               without
               the
               violent
               torment
               of
               themselves
               :
               For
               it
               suffers
               pain
               to
               inflict
               mis●ry
               ;
               anxious
               with
               a
               bitter
               cure
               ,
               lest
               revenge
               should
               happen
               to
               miss
               .
               But
               there
               are
               most
               certain
               images
               of
               their
               propriety
               ,
               which
               the
               gods
               would
               have
               conspicuous
               in
               great
               men
               ,
               by
               some
               more
               than
               ordinary
               Act
               or
               Saying
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               When
               
                 Livius
                 Salicator
              
               ,
               waging
               war
               with
               Asdrubal
               ,
               was
               about
               to
               leave
               the
               City
               ,
               being
               admonish'd
               by
               
                 Fabius
                 Maximum
              
               that
               he
               should
               not
               fight
               before
               he
               understood
               the
               courage
               and
               force
               of
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               made
               answer
               ,
               that
               
                 He
                 would
                 not
                 refuse
                 the
                 first
                 opportunity
                 of
                 fighting
                 :
              
               And
               being
               ask'd
               by
               the
               same
               person
               ,
               why
               he
               would
               needs
               be
               so
               hasty
               ;
               
                 That
                 assoon
                 as
                 may
                 be
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 I
                 may
                 either
                 win
                 honour
                 by
                 the
                 overthrow
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 or
                 rejoyce
                 in
                 the
                 ruine
                 of
                 my
                 Fellow-Citizens
                 .
              
               Anger
               and
               Vertue
               divided
               his
               speech
               between
               them
               .
               The
               one
               remembring
               an
               unjust
               rebuke
               ,
               the
               other
               intent
               upon
               the
               honour
               of
               Triumph
               .
               But
               I
               cannot
               tell
               whether
               it
               were
               the
               same
               thing
               to
               say
               this
               ,
               and
               to
               overcome
               in
               the
               same
               manner
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Thus
               far
               Passion
               carried
               a
               man
               of
               a
               fierce
               Soul
               and
               accustom'd
               to
               War.
               But
               
                 C.
                 Figulus
              
               a
               most
               milde
               man
               ,
               famous
               for
               his
               learning
               in
               the
               Civil
               Law
               ,
               was
               thereby
               render'd
               forgetful
               both
               of
               Prudence
               and
               Moderation
               .
               For
               being
               provok'd
               by
               being
               repuls'd
               from
               the
               Consulship
               ,
               so
               much
               the
               rather
               ,
               because
               it
               had
               been
               twice
               given
               his
               Father
               ;
               when
               many
               came
               to
               him
               the
               next
               day
               for
               counsel
               ,
               turn
               'em
               all
               out
               a
               doors
               ▪
               
                 Are
                 ye
                 ready
                 at
                 asking
                 Counsel
                 ,
              
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 and
                 know
                 not
                 how
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Consul
                 ?
              
               Smartly
               and
               deservedly
               spoken
               :
               Yet
               it
               had
               been
               better
               not
               spoken
               .
               For
               what
               wise
               men
               could
               be
               angry
               with
               the
               People
               of
               Rome
               ?
            
             
               3.
               
               Nor
               are
               they
               to
               be
               approved
               ,
               though
               protected
               by
               the
               splendour
               of
               their
               Nobility
               ,
               who
               being
               oftended
               because
               that
               
                 Cn.
                 Flavius
              
               ,
               a
               man
               of
               mean
               extract
               ,
               was
               made
               Praetor
               ,
               took
               off
               their
               Gold
               Rings
               and
               Trappings
               from
               their
               Horses
               ,
               and
               threw
               them
               away
               ;
               shewing
               the
               impotency
               ,
               not
               the
               strife
               of
               vexation
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               These
               were
               the
               motions
               of
               Anger
               in
               single
               or
               but
               few
               persons
               against
               a
               Commonwealth
               :
               There
               are
               also
               the
               same
               in
               the
               Multitude
               against
               the
               Princes
               and
               Captains
               .
               
                 Manlius
                 Torquatus
              
               returning
               after
               a
               most
               r●nowned
               and
               compleat
               Victory
               over
               the
               Latines
               and
               Campanians
               ,
               when
               all
               the
               Old-people
               went
               forth
               to
               meet
               him
               ,
               the
               Youth
               never
               stirr'd
               ;
               because
               he
               had
               put
               his
               Son
               to
               death
               ,
               for
               fighting
               successfully
               against
               the
               Enemy
               .
               His
               equals
               compassionated
               his
               too
               severe
               punishment
               .
               Nor
               do
               I
               defend
               the
               Act
               ,
               but
               onely
               shew
               the
               force
               of
               Anger
               ,
               that
               could
               divide
               the
               
               Ages
               and
               Affections
               of
               a
               whole
               City
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               So
               much
               could
               it
               prevail
               ,
               that
               it
               detain'd
               and
               kept
               back
               all
               the
               foot
               of
               the
               Roman
               People
               ,
               sent
               by
               Fabius
               the
               Consul
               to
               pursue
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               when
               they
               might
               easily
               have
               ruin'd
               and
               cut
               them
               off
               ,
               when
               they
               call'd
               to
               minde
               tha●
               he
               had
               put
               a
               stop
               to
               the
               Agrarian
               Law.
               The
               same
               passion
               rendring
               the
               Army
               offended
               with
               Appius
               their
               Captain
               useless
               ,
               (
               whose
               Father
               standing
               for
               the
               Nobility
               ,
               ,
               oppos'd
               the
               conveniences
               of
               the
               Commonalty
               )
               by
               a
               voluntarily
               flight
               they
               turn'd
               their
               back
               to
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               because
               they
               would
               not
               suffer
               their
               Captain
               to
               triumph
               .
               How
               often
               the
               vanquisher
               of
               Victory
               ?
               despising
               its
               congratulation
               in
               Torquatus
               ;
               in
               Fabius
               ,
               omitting
               the
               greatest
               part
               ;
               in
               Appius
               ,
               preferring
               shameful
               flight
               besore
               it
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               How
               violently
               it
               carried
               it self
               in
               the
               breast
               of
               the
               Roman
               People
               ,
               at
               that
               time
               when
               the
               Dedication
               of
               the
               Temple
               of
               Mercury
               was
               granted
               to
               
                 M.
                 Plaetorius
              
               ,
               a
               Centurion
               ,
               by
               their
               Suffrages
               ▪
               The
               Consuls
               being
               also
               terrified
               ;
               Claudius
               ,
               because
               he
               withstood
               the
               relief
               of
               his
               Debts
               ;
               and
               Servilius
               ,
               because
               he
               had
               but
               weakly
               defended
               their
               cause
               which
               he
               undertook
               .
               Can
               Anger
               be
               denied
               to
               be
               of
               force
               ,
               when
               it
               sets
               the
               Souldier
               above
               the
               General
               ?
            
             
               7.
               
               It
               hath
               not
               only
               pull'd
               down
               Authority
               ,
               but
               commanded
               as
               disorderly
               .
               For
               when
               
                 Q.
                 Metellus
              
               ,
               first
               as
               Consul
               ,
               then
               for
               the
               Consul
               ,
               had
               subdued
               almost
               all
               Spain
               ,
               and
               understood
               that
               Pompey
               the
               Consul
               ,
               his
               enemy
               ,
               would
               be
               sent
               to
               succeed
               him
               ;
               he
               dismissed
               all
               that
               pretended
               to
               be
               acquitted
               from
               service
               ;
               gave
               licence
               to
               the
               Souldiers
               to
               go
               take
               their
               pleasure
               ,
               heyer
               setting
               any
               time
               for
               their
               coming
               again
               .
               He
               left
               the
               Magazines
               upon
               the
               Borders
               free
               to
               the
               plunder
               of
               the
               Enemy
               :
               He
               ordered
               the
               Cretans
               Bows
               and
               Arrows
               to
               be
               broken
               and
               thrown
               into
               the
               River
               :
               He
               sorbid
               any
               Victuals
               to
               be
               given
               to
               the
               Elephants
               .
               By
               which
               acts
               
               as
               he
               gratified
               his
               Passion
               ,
               so
               he
               sufficiently
               sullied
               the
               glory
               of
               his
               great
               Deeds
               :
               and
               lost
               the
               honour
               he
               had
               won
               ,
               being
               a
               greater
               Vanquisher
               of
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               than
               of
               his
               own
               Passion
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               What
               became
               of
               Sylla
               ,
               too
               obedient
               to
               this
               Vice
               !
               After
               he
               had
               shed
               the
               blood
               of
               others
               ,
               did
               he
               not
               shed
               his
               own
               ?
               For
               burning
               with
               indignation
               at
               Pu●oli
               ,
               bec●use
               that
               Granius
               Prince
               of
               the
               Colony
               did
               not
               pay
               in
               so
               quickly
               the
               Money
               to
               the
               
               Decurio's
               ,
               which
               he
               had
               promis'd
               for
               the
               repair
               of
               the
               Capitol
               ,
               with
               a
               concit●●ion
               of
               minde
               more
               than
               ordinary
               ,
               and
               an
               immoderate
               force
               of
               speaking
               ,
               he
               vomited
               up
               his
               last
               breath
               ,
               mixed
               with
               blood
               and
               threats
               .
               Not
               sailing
               by
               old
               Age
               ,
               as
               not
               being
               above
               threescore
               ;
               but
               raging
               with
               an
               Impotency
               ,
               nourished
               by
               the
               miseries
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               .
               So
               that
               it
               is
               a
               doubt
               whether
               Syll●
               or
               
               Sylla's
               Anger
               were
               first
               extinguished
               .
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 it
                 behoves
                 us
                 to
                 fetch
                 Examples
                 from
                 unknown
                 persons
                 ;
                 yet
                 there
                 is
                 something
                 of
                 shame
                 in
                 repro●ching
                 the
                 Vices
                 of
                 great
                 men
                 .
                 But
                 since
                 the
                 faith
                 of
                 our
                 designe
                 admonishes
                 us
                 to
                 comprehend
                 every
                 thing
                 ,
                 the
                 Will
                 must
                 give
                 way
                 to
                 the
                 Work
                 ;
                 that
                 the
                 Conscience
                 of
                 declaring
                 necessary
                 things
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 wanting
                 ,
                 while
                 we
                 justifie
                 the
                 proof
                 of
                 g●eat
                 things
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Alexa●der
                 was
                 kept
                 from
                 Heav'n
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Anger
                 .
                 For
                 what
                 hinder'd
                 but
                 th●t
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 risen
                 thither
                 ,
                 had
                 not
                 Lysim●●hus
                 thrown
                 to
                 a
                 Lion
                 ,
                 Clytus
                 run
                 through
                 with
                 a
                 Speat
                 ,
                 Call●●henes
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 lost
                 him
                 the
                 fame
                 of
                 three
                 of
                 his
                 greatest
                 Victories
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 unjust
                 slaughter
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 friends
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 How
                 excessive
                 the
                 Hatred
                 of
                 Amiloar
                 toward
                 the
                 Roman
                 People
                 !
                 For
                 beholding
                 four
                 Sons
                 of
                 tender
                 
                 Age
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 number
                 of
                 Lions
                 whelps
                 ;
                 
                   He
                   bred
                   them
                
                 ,
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   to
                   the
                   ruine
                   of
                   our
                   Empire
                   .
                
                 Fairly
                 brought
                 up
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 hapned
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 ruine
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Of
                 which
                 Sons
                 Hannibal
                 so
                 followed
                 his
                 Father●
                 steps
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 about
                 to
                 cross
                 the
                 Army
                 over
                 into
                 Spain
                 ,
                 and
                 sacrificing
                 for
                 good
                 success
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 then
                 but
                 nine
                 years
                 of
                 age
                 ,
                 holding
                 his
                 hand
                 upon
                 the
                 Altar
                 ,
                 swore
                 ,
                 that
                 assoon
                 as
                 his
                 Age
                 would
                 permit
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 most
                 bitter
                 Enemy
                 to
                 the
                 Romans
                 ;
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 express
                 to
                 his
                 father
                 how
                 willingly
                 he
                 accompanied
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 then
                 ●foot
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 person
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 shew
                 the
                 Hatred
                 between
                 Rome
                 and
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 happening
                 to
                 stumble
                 ,
                 and
                 raise
                 the
                 dust
                 with
                 his
                 foot
                 ;
                 Then
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   there
                   will
                   be
                   an
                   end
                   of
                   the
                   War
                   between
                   these
                   two
                   Cities
                   ,
                   when
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   is
                   reduced
                   into
                   dust
                   as
                   this
                   is
                   .
                
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 In
                 the
                 breast
                 of
                 a
                 Boy
                 the
                 Force
                 of
                 Hatred
                 was
                 not
                 so
                 prevalent
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 it
                 equally
                 prevailed
                 in
                 a
                 Womans
                 breast
                 .
                 For
                 Semiramis
                 Queen
                 of
                 the
                 Assyrians
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 was
                 related
                 to
                 her
                 ,
                 as
                 she
                 was
                 combing
                 her
                 hair
                 ,
                 that
                 Babylon
                 was
                 revolted
                 ,
                 with
                 one
                 part
                 of
                 her
                 hair
                 loose
                 and
                 distievell'd
                 ,
                 she
                 hasted
                 to
                 its
                 recovery
                 ;
                 nor
                 would
                 she
                 bring
                 her
                 hair
                 ,
                 till
                 she
                 had
                 reduced
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 into
                 order
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 her
                 Statue
                 is
                 placed
                 in
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 posture
                 as
                 she
                 hasten'd
                 to
                 her
                 Revenge
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               IV.
               Of
               Covetousness
               .
            
             
               
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 M.
                 Crassus
                 and
                 Q.
                 Hortensius
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Q.
                 Cassius
                 Longinus
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 L.
                 Septimuleius
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Ptolomey
                 
                   King
                   of
                
                 Cyprus
                 .
              
            
             
               LEt
               Avarice
               be
               brought
               forth
               that
               lurks
               in
               hidden
               places
               ,
               but
               a
               devourer
               of
               o●en
               prey
               ;
               unhappy
               in
               enjoyment
               ,
               but
               most
               through
               Insatiability
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               When
               certain
               persons
               had
               suborn'd
               a
               false
               testimony
               against
               
                 Minucius
                 Basilius
              
               in
               Greece
               ,
               who
               was
               very
               rich
               ,
               to
               confirm
               it
               ,
               they
               put
               into
               his
               Will
               ,
               as
               Heirs
               ,
               two
               of
               the
               most
               potent
               men
               of
               ou●
               City
               ,
               
                 M.
                 Crassus
              
               and
               
                 Q.
                 Hortensius
              
               ,
               to
               whom
               Minutius
               was
               altogether
               unknown
               .
               Though
               the
               fraud
               were
               evident
               ,
               yet
               both
               covetous
               after
               the
               Estate
               ,
               neither
               refus'd
               the
               gi●t
               of
               a
               Forreign
               Crime
               .
               How
               great
               an
               offence
               have
               I
               slightly
               related
               !
               The
               Lights
               of
               the
               Court
               ,
               and
               Ornaments
               of
               the
               Seat
               of
               Judicature
               ,
               what
               they
               ought
               to
               have
               punish'd
               ,
               invited
               by
               the
               ba●t
               of
               dishonest
               gain
               ,
               they
               protected
               by
               their
               Authority
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               But
               it
               was
               of
               greate●
               force
               in
               
                 Q.
                 Cassius
              
               ,
               who
               let
               go
               
                 M.
                 Silius
              
               and
               
                 A.
                 Calpurnius
              
               ,
               being
               apprehended
               in
               Spain
               with
               daggers
               ,
               on
               purpose
               to
               have
               kill'd
               him
               ;
               having
               agreed
               with
               the
               one
               for
               fifty
               ,
               with
               the
               other
               for
               sixty
               Sesterces
               .
               It
               may
               be
               a
               question
               ,
               whether
               if
               they
               had
               given
               him
               as
               much
               more
               ,
               he
               would
               not
               have
               offer'd
               them
               his
               throat
               also
               .
            
             
             
               3.
               
               But
               above
               all
               ,
               the
               Avarice
               of
               
                 L.
                 Septimuleius
              
               was
               most
               notorious
               :
               Who
               being
               a
               familiar
               Friend
               of
               Gracchus
               ,
               not
               only
               cut
               off
               his
               Head
               ,
               but
               carried
               it
               fix'd
               upon
               a
               pole
               through
               the
               City
               ;
               because
               Opimius
               ,
               the
               Consul
               ,
               had
               promis'd
               a
               reward
               in
               Gold
               to
               him
               that
               should
               do
               it
               .
               Some
               report
               ,
               that
               he
               filled
               the
               hollow
               part
               of
               his
               Scull
               with
               melted
               Lead
               ,
               that
               it
               might
               be
               the
               heavier
               .
               Whether
               he
               were
               seditious
               ,
               or
               died
               for
               a
               good
               Example
               ,
               yet
               the
               wicked
               hunger
               of
               his
               friend
               should
               not
               have
               bin
               so
               greedy
               after
               such
               injuries
               to
               the
               dead
               .
            
             
               
                 FORREIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Covetousness
                 of
                 Septimuleius
                 deserved
                 hatred
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Avarice
                 of
                 Ptolomey
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Cyprians
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 laught
                 at
                 .
                 For
                 having
                 by
                 mean
                 devices
                 scrap'd
                 together
                 great
                 Riches
                 ,
                 and
                 saw
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 like
                 to
                 perish
                 for
                 their
                 sake
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 reason
                 having
                 shipped
                 all
                 his
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 was
                 got
                 out
                 to
                 Sea
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 bulging
                 the
                 Vessels
                 he
                 might
                 perish
                 at
                 his
                 own
                 leasure
                 ,
                 and
                 frustrate
                 his
                 Enemies
                 hopes
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 endure
                 the
                 sinking
                 of
                 his
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 ,
                 but
                 carried
                 back
                 the
                 future
                 reward
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Death
                 .
                 Surely
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 possess
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 possess'd
                 by
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 being
                 in
                 his
                 minde
                 a
                 mise●able
                 slave
                 to
                 Money
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               V.
               Of
               Pride
               and
               excess
               of
               Power
               .
            
             
               
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 M.
                 Fulvius
                 Flaccus
                 Cos.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 M.
                 Livius
                 Drusus
                 
                   Tribune
                   of
                   the
                   People
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 C.
                 Pompey
                 
                   the
                   Great
                   ,
                   three
                   times
                   Consul
                   .
                
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 M.
                 Antonie
                 Triumvir
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORREIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Alexander
                 
                   the
                   Great
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Xerxes
                 
                   King
                   of
                
                 Persia.
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Hannibal
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 The
                 Carthaginian
                 and
                 Campanian
                 Se●ate
                 .
              
            
             
               1.
               
               NOw
               that
               Pride
               and
               Excess
               in
               Power
               may
               be
               brought
               upon
               the
               Stage
               ,
               
                 Fulvius
                 Flaccus
              
               Consul
               ,
               Colleague
               with
               
                 M.
                 Plautius
                 Hypsaeus
              
               ,
               being
               about
               to
               make
               Laws
               very
               pernicious
               to
               the
               Common-wealth
               ,
               of
               making
               free
               Citizens
               of
               Rome
               ,
               and
               citing
               such
               before
               the
               People
               ,
               who
               would
               not
               change
               their
               City
               ,
               could
               hardly
               be
               perswaded
               to
               come
               into
               Court.
               Then
               when
               the
               Senate
               partly
               admonish'd
               him
               ,
               partly
               b●sought
               him
               to
               desist
               ,
               he
               gave
               them
               no
               answer
               .
               He
               might
               be
               accompted
               a
               Tyrannical
               Consul
               ,
               who
               had
               thus
               carried
               himself
               against
               one
               Senator
               ,
               as
               Flaccus
               did
               against
               the
               whole
               Body
               of
               so
               Majestick
               an
               Assembly
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Whose
               Majesty
               was
               no
               less
               affronted
               by
               the
               contumely
               of
               
                 M.
                 Drusus
              
               ,
               a
               Tribune
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               who
               made
               nothing
               ,
               because
               Philip
               the
               Consul
               interrupted
               him
               in
               his
               Speech
               ,
               to
               take
               him
               by
               the
               throat
               and
               to
               hale
               him
               to
               Prison
               ,
               not
               by
               the
               hands
               of
               an
               Officer
               ,
               but
               of
               a
               Client
               ;
               with
               that
               violence
               ,
               that
               the
               Blood
               gush'd
               out
               of
               his
               Mouth
               .
               Also
               when
               the
               Senate
               
               sent
               to
               him
               to
               come
               into
               Court
               ;
               Rather
               ;
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 why
                 doth
                 not
                 the
                 Senate
                 come
                 to
                 the
              
               Hostilia
               
                 to
                 me
              
               ?
               I
               am
               ashamed
               to
               adde
               the
               rest
               :
               The
               Tribune
               despis'd
               the
               Authority
               of
               the
               Senate
               ;
               the
               Senate
               obey'd
               the
               Tribunes
               words
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               How
               insolently
               Pompey
               !
               who
               coming
               out
               of
               the
               Bath
               left
               Hypsaeus
               prostrate
               at
               his
               feet
               ,
               accused
               of
               bribing
               for
               Voices
               ,
               a
               Nobleman
               and
               his
               Friend
               ;
               upbraiding
               him
               withal
               with
               a
               contumelious
               Scoff
               ,
               telling
               him
               ,
               that
               he
               came
               to
               spoil
               his
               Supper
               .
               Yet
               he
               was
               not
               ashamed
               to
               require
               Scipio
               ,
               his
               Sons
               Father-in-law
               ,
               condemned
               by
               certain
               Laws
               which
               he
               had
               made
               himself
               ,
               to
               the
               ruine
               of
               many
               Noblemen
               ;
               governing
               the
               Commonwealth
               according
               to
               the
               caresses
               of
               his
               Nuptial
               Bed.
               
            
             
               4.
               
               Vile
               was
               the
               Scoff
               of
               
                 M.
                 Antonie
              
               both
               in
               word
               and
               deed
               ;
               For
               when
               the
               Head
               of
               
                 Caesetius
                 Rufus
              
               ,
               a
               Senator
               ,
               was
               brought
               him
               ,
               being
               a
               Triumvir
               ,
               the
               rest
               turning
               aside
               ,
               he
               caus'd
               it
               to
               be
               brought
               near
               ,
               and
               diligently
               viewed
               it
               .
               And
               when
               all
               the
               standers
               by
               listned
               to
               hear
               what
               he
               would
               say
               ;
               
                 This
                 fellow
              
               ,
               saies
               he
               ,
               
                 I
                 never
                 knew
              
               .
               A
               haughty
               scorn
               of
               a
               Senator
               ,
               but
               the
               excess
               of
               pride
               toward
               a
               man
               slain
               .
            
             
               
                 FORREIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Enough
                 of
                 our
                 own
                 ,
                 now
                 for
                 Forreigners
                 .
                 The
                 Vertue
                 and
                 Felicity
                 of
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Great
                 w●s
                 eclips'd
                 by
                 three
                 most
                 evident
                 degrees
                 of
                 Insolence
                 .
                 For
                 ,
                 contemning
                 his
                 Father
                 Philip
                 ,
                 he
                 acknowledged
                 none
                 but
                 
                   Iupiter
                   Ammon
                
                 for
                 his
                 Father
                 :
                 Laying
                 aside
                 the
                 Customes
                 and
                 Manners
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 he
                 assumed
                 the
                 Garments
                 and
                 Laws
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 :
                 despising
                 Mortals
                 ,
                 he
                 emulated
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 God.
                 Nor
                 was
                 he
                 ashamed
                 to
                 deny
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Son
                 ,
                 a
                 ●ellow-Countryman
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Mortal
                 .
              
               
               
                 2.
                 
                 Xerxes
                 ,
                 in
                 whose
                 name
                 Pride
                 and
                 Impotency
                 inhabit
                 ,
                 how
                 insolently
                 did
                 he
                 use
                 his
                 own
                 power
                 ,
                 when
                 being
                 to
                 proclaim
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 and
                 calling
                 the
                 Princes
                 of
                 Asia
                 together
                 ;
                 
                   That
                   I
                   might
                   not
                   seem
                
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   to
                   take
                   my
                   own
                   advice
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   assembled
                   you
                   :
                   But
                   remember
                   ,
                   tha●
                   it
                   is
                   your
                   part
                   rather
                   to
                   obey
                   than
                   to
                   give
                   Counsel
                   .
                
                 Arrogantly
                 said
                 ,
                 had
                 he
                 return'd
                 a
                 Victor
                 to
                 his
                 Countrey
                 :
                 But
                 so
                 shamefully
                 beaten
                 ,
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 whether
                 more
                 insolently
                 or
                 arrogantly
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 puft
                 up
                 with
                 the
                 success
                 of
                 the
                 Battle
                 of
                 Cannae
                 ,
                 neither
                 admitted
                 any
                 of
                 his
                 Country-men
                 into
                 his
                 Tents
                 ,
                 nor
                 gave
                 answer
                 to
                 any
                 but
                 by
                 an
                 Interpreter
                 ,
                 and
                 despis'd
                 Ma●arbal
                 ,
                 affirming
                 with
                 a
                 loud
                 voice
                 before
                 his
                 Tent
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 saw
                 a
                 way
                 how
                 he
                 might
                 sup
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 days
                 in
                 the
                 Capitol
                 .
                 So
                 unusual
                 a
                 thing
                 it
                 is
                 for
                 Happiness
                 and
                 Moderation
                 to
                 lodge
                 together
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 There
                 was
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 emulation
                 between
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 and
                 Campanian
                 Senate
                 for
                 Insolencie
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 one
                 wash'd
                 in
                 a
                 Bath
                 apart
                 from
                 the
                 Vulgar
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 a
                 different
                 Judgment-Seat
                 .
                 Which
                 Custome
                 retain'd
                 in
                 Capua
                 ,
                 is
                 evident
                 in
                 an
                 Epistle
                 of
                 
                   G.
                   Gracchus
                
                 written
                 to
                 Plautius
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VI.
               Of
               Perfidiousness
               .
            
             
               
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 T.
                 Tatius
                 
                   King
                   of
                   the
                
                 Sabines
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Ser.
                 Sulpitius
                 Galba
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Cn.
                 Domitius
                 Ahenobarbus
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Q.
                 Servilius
                 Caepio
                 ,
                 Cos.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 FORREIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Hannibal
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 .
              
            
             
               LEt
               Perfidiousness
               ,
               a
               close
               and
               crafty
               Mischief
               ,
               be
               fetch'd
               out
               of
               its
               lurking
               holes
               .
               Whose
               most
               efficacious
               properties
               are
               to
               lye
               and
               deceive
               :
               the
               fruit
               it
               reaps
               from
               some
               crime
               committed
               :
               then
               certain
               when
               it
               holds
               Cruelty
               in
               bonds
               ;
               bringing
               as
               much
               mischief
               to
               Mankinde
               ,
               as
               Faith
               and
               Truth
               afford
               quiet
               and
               safety
               .
               Therefore
               let
               it
               be
               as
               much
               dispraised
               ,
               as
               the
               other
               praised
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               In
               the
               reign
               of
               
                 Romulus
                 ,
                 Sp.
                 Tarpeius
              
               was
               Governour
               of
               the
               Tower
               ,
               whose
               Daughter
               ,
               a
               Virgin
               ,
               going
               to
               fetch
               Water
               for
               the
               Ceremonies
               ,
               without
               the
               Walls
               ,
               Tatius
               corrupted
               with
               Money
               to
               let
               in
               his
               armed
               Sabines
               into
               the
               Castle
               ,
               promising
               as
               a
               Reward
               what
               they
               woreupon
               their
               left
               hands
               ;
               which
               were
               Bracelets
               and
               Rings
               of
               Gold
               of
               a
               considerable
               weight
               .
               The
               Sabines
               having
               got
               into
               the
               place
               ,
               when
               the
               Virgin
               demanded
               her
               reward
               ,
               they
               killed
               her
               with
               the
               weight
               of
               their
               Armes
               ;
               As
               it
               were
               performing
               their
               promise
               ,
               in
               regard
               they
               also
               carried
               their
               Armes
               on
               their
               left
               hand
               .
               Let
               there
               be
               no
               blame
               ,
               while
               impious
               Treason
               was
               reveng'd
               with
               a
               quick
               Punishment
               .
            
             
             
               2.
               
               
                 Servius
                 Galba
              
               was
               a
               man
               highly
               perfidious
               .
               For
               having
               assembled
               together
               the
               people
               of
               several
               Cities
               of
               Portugal
               ,
               upon
               pretence
               of
               treating
               for
               their
               good
               ,
               he
               partly
               kill'd
               and
               partly
               sold
               seven
               thousand
               of
               them
               ,
               among
               which
               were
               the
               flower
               of
               their
               Youth
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               pickt
               them
               out
               and
               disarmed
               them
               .
               Thus
               the
               greatness
               of
               his
               Cr●me
               exceeded
               the
               Calamity
               of
               the
               Barbarians
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Too
               great
               a
               desire
               of
               Glory
               made
               
                 Cn.
                 Domitius
              
               ,
               a
               person
               of
               Noble
               Extraction
               and
               Merit
               ,
               to
               become
               perfidious
               .
               For
               being
               offended
               at
               Be●ultus
               ,
               King
               of
               the
               Arverni
               ,
               for
               that
               he
               had
               perswaded
               both
               his
               own
               people
               and
               the
               Allobroges
               ,
               while
               he
               was
               in
               the
               Province
               ,
               to
               flie
               to
               the
               Protection
               of
               Fabius
               his
               Successor
               ;
               Sending
               for
               him
               under
               pretence
               of
               speaking
               with
               him
               ,
               and
               having
               received
               him
               under
               his
               roof
               ,
               he
               caus'd
               him
               to
               be
               setter'd
               ,
               and
               sent
               him
               away
               by
               Sea
               to
               Rome
               .
               Which
               act
               of
               his
               the
               Senate
               could
               neither
               approve
               nor
               disannul
               ,
               lest
               Besultus
               ,
               being
               sent
               back
               into
               his
               Countrey
               ,
               should
               raise
               a
               new
               War.
               Therefore
               they
               sent
               him
               to
               Alba
               to
               be
               secur'd
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               The
               slaughter
               of
               Viriatus
               admits
               a
               double
               accusation
               of
               Perjury
               ;
               as
               to
               his
               friends
               ,
               because
               he
               was
               killed
               in
               their
               hands
               ;
               in
               
                 Q.
                 Servilius
                 Caepio
              
               the
               Consul
               ,
               because
               he
               was
               the
               Author
               of
               the
               fact
               ,
               and
               promis'd
               impunity
               :
               not
               deserving
               ,
               but
               buying
               his
               Victory
               .
            
             
               
                 FORREIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 But
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 take
                 a
                 view
                 of
                 the
                 Fountain
                 of
                 Perfidie
                 it
                 sel●
                 ;
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 pretending
                 to
                 send
                 Xanthippus
                 the
                 Lacedaemonian
                 home
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 served
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 whose
                 assistance
                 they
                 had
                 taken
                 
                   Atilius
                   Regulus
                
                 ,
                 sunk
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 Sea.
                 What
                 was
                 the
                 aim
                 of
                 so
                 much
                 Villany
                 ?
                 That
                 the
                 companion
                 
                 of
                 their
                 Victory
                 should
                 not
                 live
                 ?
                 He
                 lives
                 however
                 to
                 their
                 reproach
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 might
                 have
                 le●t
                 untouch'd
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 loss
                 of
                 their
                 Honour
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Hannibal
                 also
                 by
                 strangling
                 in
                 the
                 smoak
                 and
                 steam
                 of
                 Baths
                 the
                 Nucerini
                 ,
                 who
                 upon
                 his
                 Faith
                 given
                 came
                 out
                 of
                 an
                 impregnable
                 City
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 throwing
                 the
                 Senate
                 of
                 the
                 Acerrani
                 into
                 Wells
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 profess'd
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Rome
                 and
                 Italy
                 ,
                 did
                 he
                 not
                 wage
                 a
                 more
                 severe
                 war
                 against
                 Faith
                 and
                 Honesty
                 ?
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 lies
                 and
                 deceits
                 ,
                 as
                 of
                 famous
                 and
                 noble
                 Arts.
                 By
                 which
                 means
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 otherwise
                 left
                 a
                 real
                 fame
                 behinde
                 him
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 now
                 to
                 be
                 question'd
                 which
                 was
                 most
                 eminent
                 ,
                 his
                 Greatness
                 or
                 his
                 Wickedness
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               VII
               .
               Of
               Seditions
               .
            
             
               
                 The
                 Roman
                 People
                 against
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 C.
                 Marius
                 ,
                 6
                 
                   times
                   Cos.
                
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Q.
                 Metellus
                 
                   the
                   Censor
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 A.
                 Numius
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   Candidate
                
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 A.
                 Sempronius
                 Asellio
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 Roman
                 Souldiers
                 against
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Gratidius
                 
                   the
                   Legate
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Q.
                 Pompey
                 
                   the
                   Consul
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 C.
                 Carbo
                 
                   the
                   L●gate
                
                 .
              
            
             
               BUt
               let
               the
               Acts
               of
               violent
               Sedition
               among
               the
               Gownmen
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               of
               the
               Armed
               ,
               be
               related
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 Lu.
                 Equitius
              
               ,
               who
               feign'd
               himself
               to
               be
               the
               Son
               of
               
                 Ti.
                 Gracchus
              
               ,
               and
               stood
               for
               the
               Tribuneship
               with
               
                 L.
                 Saturninus
              
               against
               Law
               ,
               was
               by
               
                 C.
                 Marius
              
               in
               his
               sixth
               Consulship
               carried
               to
               the
               publick
               Goal
               .
               However
               
               the
               People
               broke
               open
               the
               Gates
               of
               the
               Prison
               and
               taking
               him
               out
               again
               ,
               carried
               him
               upon
               their
               shoulders
               in
               publick
               triumph
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               same
               person
               ,
               because
               
                 Q.
                 Metellus
              
               the
               Censor
               refus'd
               to
               admit
               him
               into
               the
               Roll
               for
               the
               Son
               of
               Gracchus
               ,
               endeavoured
               to
               have
               stoned
               him
               to
               death
               ,
               affirming
               that
               Gracchus
               had
               but
               three
               Sons
               .
               Of
               which
               one
               serv'd
               in
               Sardinia
               ,
               the
               second
               an
               Infant
               at
               Praeneste
               ,
               the
               third
               born
               at
               Rome
               ,
               deceased
               after
               his
               Fathers
               death
               ;
               neither
               ought
               the
               unknown
               rubbish
               of
               a
               noble
               Family
               to
               be
               remembred
               .
               When
               the
               improvident
               Rashness
               of
               the
               provok'd
               Multitude
               extended
               it self
               in
               the
               mean
               time
               impudently
               and
               audaciously
               against
               the
               Consulship
               and
               Censorship
               ,
               and
               assail'd
               their
               Princes
               with
               all
               manner
               of
               Petulancy
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               That
               was
               onely
               Madness
               ;
               this
               a
               bloody
               Sedition
               .
               For
               the
               People
               compell'd
               
                 A.
                 Numius
              
               ,
               the
               Competitor
               of
               Saturninus
               ,
               nine
               Tribunes
               being
               created
               ,
               and
               but
               one
               vacancy
               remaining
               for
               two
               Candidates
               ,
               to
               flie
               to
               his
               own
               house
               :
               and
               then
               dragging
               him
               out
               from
               thence
               ,
               slew
               him
               ;
               that
               by
               the
               slaughter
               of
               an
               honest
               Citizen
               ,
               they
               might
               make
               way
               for
               a
               pernicious
               Disturber
               to
               get
               into
               Authority
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               The
               Consternation
               of
               the
               Creditors
               against
               
                 Sempronius
                 Asellio
              
               the
               Praetor
               ,
               brake
               forth
               into
               a
               most
               intollerable
               Rage
               .
               Whom
               ,
               because
               he
               underook
               the
               cause
               of
               the
               Debts
               ,
               being
               stirr'd
               up
               by
               
                 L.
                 Cassius
              
               the
               Tribune
               ,
               they
               dragg'd
               from
               the
               Altar
               ,
               as
               he
               was
               sacrificing
               before
               the
               Temple
               of
               Concord
               ,
               and
               slew
               him
               in
               his
               Robes
               of
               Authority
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Souldiers
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Sedition
                 of
                 Citizens
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 detested
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 we
                 look
                 into
                 the
                 Camp
                 ,
                 an
                 equal
                 indignation
                 will
                 arise
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Asia
                 was
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Sulpician
                 
                 Law
                 ,
                 decreed
                 to
                 
                   C.
                   Marius
                
                 a
                 private
                 person
                 ,
                 to
                 prosecute
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 Mithridates
                 ,
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 slew
                 Gratidius
                 ,
                 sent
                 by
                 him
                 to
                 
                   L.
                   Sulla
                
                 the
                 Consul
                 ,
                 to
                 receive
                 the
                 Legions
                 from
                 him
                 .
                 Offended
                 ,
                 without
                 doubt
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 commanded
                 by
                 a
                 person
                 of
                 no
                 Honour
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 served
                 under
                 a
                 person
                 of
                 the
                 highest
                 Dignity
                 .
                 But
                 who
                 may
                 endure
                 a
                 Souldier
                 correcting
                 the
                 Decrees
                 of
                 the
                 Commonalty
                 with
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Legate
                 ?
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 That
                 in
                 the
                 behalf
                 of
                 a
                 Consul
                 so
                 violently
                 acted
                 ;
                 this
                 against
                 a
                 Consul
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 
                   Q.
                   Pompey
                
                 Collegue
                 of
                 Sylla
                 ventured
                 to
                 contend
                 with
                 
                   Cn.
                   Pompey
                
                 ,
                 being
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Army
                 by
                 the
                 command
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 corrupted
                 by
                 the
                 delusions
                 of
                 an
                 ambitious
                 Captain
                 ,
                 fell
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 beginning
                 to
                 sacrifice
                 ,
                 and
                 slew
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 himself
                 had
                 been
                 the
                 Victime
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Court
                 ,
                 forced
                 to
                 give
                 way
                 to
                 the
                 Camp
                 ,
                 durst
                 not
                 revenge
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Crime
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 That
                 Army
                 also
                 was
                 wickedly
                 violent
                 who
                 kill'd
                 
                   C.
                   Carbo
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Brother
                 of
                 Carbo
                 thrice
                 Consul
                 ,
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 amend
                 the
                 loose
                 Discipline
                 of
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 crept
                 in
                 through
                 the
                 liberty
                 of
                 the
                 Civil
                 Wars
                 ;
                 and
                 rather
                 chose
                 to
                 be
                 contaminated
                 with
                 the
                 greatest
                 of
                 Crimes
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 alter
                 their
                 loose
                 and
                 depraved
                 Manners
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VIII
               .
               Of
               Rashness
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 P.
                 Africanus
                 
                   the
                   Greater
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 C.
                 Caesar
                 
                   twice
                   Consul
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 Roman
                 Army
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORREIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Hannibal
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 
                   The
                   People
                   of
                
                 Athens
                 .
              
            
             
               SUddain
               also
               and
               vehement
               are
               the
               Instigation
               of
               Rashness
               ;
               by
               the
               stroaks
               whereof
               the
               minds
               of
               men
               are
               disorder'd
               ,
               not
               being
               able
               to
               foresee
               their
               own
               dangers
               ,
               nor
               prosecute
               the
               facts
               of
               others
               with
               a
               due
               consideration
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               For
               how
               rashly
               did
               the
               Greater
               Africanus
               cross
               the
               Sea
               out
               of
               Spain
               ,
               with
               two
               Gallies
               of
               five
               Oars
               .
               to
               Syphax
               the
               King
               ,
               trusting
               his
               own
               and
               his
               Countries
               safety
               in
               the
               faithless
               breast
               of
               one
               Numidian
               !
               So
               that
               in
               one
               moment
               it
               was
               a
               doubtful
               question
               ,
               whether
               Scipio
               should
               be
               the
               Captive
               or
               the
               Conquerour
               of
               Syphax
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               doubtful
               attempt
               also
               of
               
                 C.
                 Caesar
              
               was
               protected
               by
               the
               Heavens
               .
               For
               impatient
               of
               the
               Legions
               crossing
               from
               Brundusium
               to
               Apollonia
               ,
               leaving
               the
               Banquet
               ,
               out
               of
               a
               pretence
               of
               being
               sick
               ,
               he
               went
               aboard
               a
               small
               Ship
               ,
               and
               in
               a
               most
               rigorous
               Tempest
               steers
               out
               of
               the
               River
               into
               the
               very
               mouth
               of
               the
               Adriatic
               Sea
               ;
               and
               commanding
               the
               Ship
               to
               keep
               her
               course
               ,
               long
               tossed
               by
               contrary
               Waves
               ,
               at
               length
               he
               was
               forced
               to
               return
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Now
               what
               a
               most
               execrable
               Rashness
               was
               that
               of
               the
               Souldiers
               ?
               For
               they
               were
               the
               cause
               that
               Albinus
               ,
               a
               person
               famous
               for
               his
               Nobility
               ,
               Conditions
               ,
               
               and
               great
               Honours
               ,
               through
               false
               and
               vain
               suspicio●s
               was
               stoned
               to
               death
               in
               the
               Camp.
               And
               ,
               which
               admits
               of
               no
               excuse
               ,
               denied
               their
               Captain
               ,
               praying
               and
               beseeching
               ,
               the
               power
               of
               answering
               for
               himself
               .
            
             
               
                 FORREIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Therefore
                 I
                 wonder
                 the
                 less
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 severe
                 and
                 cruel
                 Hannibal
                 would
                 not
                 admit
                 the
                 guiltless
                 Pilot
                 to
                 make
                 his
                 defence
                 ;
                 who
                 returning
                 out
                 of
                 Italy
                 from
                 Pe●ilia
                 ,
                 not
                 believing
                 he
                 could
                 reach
                 between
                 It●ly
                 and
                 Sicily
                 so
                 soon
                 ,
                 killed
                 the
                 Pilot
                 ,
                 thinking
                 he
                 had
                 betrayed
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 at
                 length
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 found
                 what
                 the
                 Pilot
                 had
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 true
                 ,
                 pardon'd
                 him
                 too
                 la●e
                 ;
                 when
                 he
                 could
                 pay
                 no
                 respect
                 to
                 his
                 Innocence
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 of
                 a
                 Sepulchre
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 a
                 narrow
                 and
                 tempestuous
                 Frith
                 ,
                 stands
                 an
                 overlooking
                 Statue
                 ,
                 expos'd
                 to
                 the
                 eyes
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 sail
                 to
                 and
                 fro
                 ,
                 in
                 remembrance
                 of
                 Pelorium
                 and
                 the
                 Punic
                 Rashness
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 Athenian
                 City
                 was
                 also
                 mad
                 to
                 Rashness
                 ,
                 which
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 unheard
                 ten
                 of
                 their
                 chief
                 Generals
                 ,
                 returning
                 from
                 a
                 noble
                 Victory
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 because
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 bury
                 the
                 slain
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 tempestuousness
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 :
                 Punishing
                 Necessity
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 should
                 have
                 honoured
                 Vertue
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               IX
               .
               Of
               Errour
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   Of
                   the
                
                 Roman
                 People
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 C.
                 Cassius
                 Longinus
                 ,
                 Proconsul
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Guard
                   of
                
                 Lartis
                 Tolumnius
                 
                   King
                   of
                   the
                
                 Veientes
                 .
              
            
             
               ERrour
               is
               next
               to
               Rashness
               :
               as
               equally
               prejudicial
               ,
               so
               to
               them
               also
               it
               least
               knows
               :
               because
               it
               commits
               mistakes
               not
               willingly
               ,
               but
               out
               of
               false
               imaginations
               :
               which
               being
               far
               spread
               in
               the
               breast
               of
               men
               ,
               if
               I
               should
               omit
               it
               ,
               I
               should
               be
               guilty
               of
               the
               Errour
               which
               I
               blame
               .
               Therefore
               let
               us
               recite
               a
               few
               Mistakes
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 C.
                 Helvius
                 Cinna
              
               ,
               Tribune
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               returning
               home
               from
               
               Caesar's
               Funeral
               ,
               was
               torn
               by
               the
               hands
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               mistaken
               for
               
                 Cornelius
                 Cinna
              
               ,
               upon
               whom
               they
               thought
               to
               have
               sent
               their
               rage
               ;
               provoked
               against
               him
               ,
               because
               that
               being
               
               Caesar's
               Kinsman
               ,
               he
               had
               made
               an
               abusive
               Oration
               against
               him
               that
               was
               impiously
               slain
               .
               And
               so
               far
               irritated
               they
               were
               by
               the
               same
               Errour
               ,
               that
               they
               carried
               the
               Head
               of
               Helvius
               ,
               as
               if
               it
               had
               been
               the
               Head
               of
               Cornelius
               ,
               fix'd
               upon
               a
               Pole
               ,
               about
               the
               Funeral-pile
               of
               Caesar.
               A
               cruel
               expiation
               of
               Duty
               and
               Mistake
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               For
               Errour
               caused
               
                 C.
                 Cassius
              
               to
               punish
               himself
               .
               For
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               that
               various
               and
               unknown
               event
               to
               the
               Captains
               themselves
               ,
               of
               the
               fight
               of
               four
               Armies
               at
               
                 Philippi
                 ;
                 Titinius
              
               the
               Centurion
               being
               sent
               by
               him
               in
               the
               Night
               to
               see
               in
               what
               condition
               Brutus
               was
               ,
               while
               he
               fetch'd
               several
               compasses
               about
               ,
               because
               the
               darkness
               of
               the
               Night
               did
               not
               suffer
               him
               to
               know
               
               whether
               he
               met
               Foes
               of
               Friends
               ,
               it
               was
               long
               before
               he
               return'd
               .
               Cassius
               therefore
               believing
               him
               to
               have
               been
               taken
               by
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               and
               that
               they
               were
               absolute
               Masters
               of
               the
               field
               ,
               hasten'd
               to
               end
               his
               life
               ,
               when
               
               Brutus's
               forces
               were
               in
               part
               safe
               ,
               and
               Masters
               of
               the
               Enemies
               Camp.
               But
               the
               Courage
               of
               Titinius
               is
               not
               to
               be
               forgot
               ,
               who
               stood
               a
               while
               astonish'd
               at
               the
               unexpected
               sight
               of
               his
               Captain
               wallowing
               in
               his
               own
               blood
               ,
               then
               bursting
               into
               tears
               ;
               
                 Though
                 impruden●ly
                 General
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 I
                 was
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 thy
                 death
                 ▪
                 this
                 imprudence
                 shall
                 not
                 go
                 unpunish'd
                 ;
                 receive
                 me
                 a
                 companion
                 to
                 thy
                 fate
              
               ;
               and
               do
               saying
               ,
               threw
               himself
               upon
               the
               liveless
               trunk
               ,
               with
               his
               Sword
               up
               to
               the
               Hilts
               in
               his
               own
               Body
               :
               And
               intermixing
               blood
               with
               blood
               ,
               they
               lay
               a
               double
               sacrifice
               ,
               the
               one
               of
               Piety
               ,
               the
               other
               of
               Errour
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               But
               certainly
               Mistake
               did
               a
               great
               injury
               to
               the
               family
               of
               
                 Lartis
                 Talumnius
              
               King
               of
               the
               Veie●t●s
               :
               who
               after
               he
               had
               through
               a
               lucky
               cast
               at
               Dice
               ,
               cried
               to
               his
               Play-mate
               ,
               Kill
               ;
               the
               Guard
               ,
               mistaking
               the
               word
               ,
               fell
               upon
               the
               Roman
               Embassadours
               ,
               and
               slew
               them
               ,
               as
               they
               were
               just
               entring
               the
               Room
               ;
               interpreting
               Play
               as
               a
               Command
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               X.
               Of
               Revenge
               .
            
             
               
                 In
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   Of
                   the
                
                 Papyrian
                 
                   Tribe
                   of
                   the
                
                 Tusculans
                 against
                 Polias
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   people
                   of
                
                 Utica
                 against
                 Fabius
                 Adrianus
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Thamy●is
                 and
                 Berenices
                 Queens
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 
                   Certain
                   Youths
                   of
                
                 Thessaly
                 .
              
            
             
               THe
               Stings
               of
               Revenge
               as
               they
               are
               sharp
               ,
               so
               they
               are
               just
               ,
               while
               they
               meditate
               to
               repay
               received
               Injuries
               .
               Of
               which
               a
               few
               Examples
               will
               serve
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 M.
                 Flavius
              
               ,
               Tribune
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               reported
               to
               the
               People
               against
               the
               Tusculans
               ,
               that
               by
               their
               advice
               the
               Privernates
               and
               Veliterni
               would
               rebel
               .
               Who
               when
               they
               came
               to
               Rome
               in
               a
               most
               miserable
               and
               supplian●
               manner
               ,
               with
               their
               Wives
               and
               Children
               ,
               it
               hapned
               that
               all
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Tribes
               being
               Mercy
               ,
               the
               Polian
               Tribe
               alone
               gave
               judgment
               that
               they
               should
               be
               first
               whipp'd
               ,
               and
               then
               put
               to
               death
               ;
               and
               the
               multitude
               of
               Women
               and
               Children
               to
               be
               sold
               for
               Slaves
               .
               For
               which
               reason
               the
               Papyrian
               Tribe
               ,
               in
               which
               the
               Tusculans
               being
               received
               into
               the
               City
               ,
               had
               a
               strong
               Vote
               ,
               never
               made
               afterwards
               any
               Candidate
               of
               the
               Polian
               Tribe
               a
               Magistrate
               ;
               that
               no
               Honour
               might
               ●ome
               to
               that
               Tribe
               ,
               which
               as
               much
               as
               in
               them
               lay
               ,
               had
               endeavoured
               to
               deprive
               them
               of
               their
               Lives
               and
               Liberty
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               But
               this
               Revenge
               both
               the
               Senate
               and
               the
               consent
               of
               all
               men
               approved
               .
               For
               when
               Adrianus
               had
               
               sordidly
               tyrannized
               over
               the
               Roman
               Citizens
               at
               U●ica
               ,
               and
               was
               therefore
               by
               them
               bur●t
               alive
               ;
               the
               matter
               was
               never
               question'd
               in
               the
               City
               ,
               nor
               any
               complaint
               made
               against
               it
               .
            
             
               
                 FORREIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Famous
                 Examples
                 of
                 Revenge
                 were
                 both
                 Queens
                 :
                 Thamyris
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 caused
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 Cyrus
                 to
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 commanded
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 thrown
                 into
                 a
                 Tub
                 of
                 humane
                 Blood
                 ;
                 upbraiding
                 him
                 with
                 his
                 insatiable
                 thirst
                 after
                 Blood
                 ,
                 and
                 revenging
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 her
                 Son
                 ,
                 who
                 wa●
                 slain
                 by
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 Berenice
                 ,
                 who
                 taking
                 heavily
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 her
                 Son
                 ,
                 entrapped
                 by
                 the
                 snares
                 of
                 Laodice
                 ,
                 got
                 arm'd
                 into
                 her
                 Chariot
                 ,
                 and
                 following
                 the
                 King
                 Life-guard-man
                 that
                 had
                 done
                 the
                 Mischief
                 ,
                 after
                 she
                 had
                 miss'd
                 him
                 with
                 her
                 Spear
                 ,
                 she
                 ●el●'d
                 him
                 with
                 a
                 Stone
                 ;
                 and
                 driving
                 her
                 Horses
                 over
                 his
                 Body
                 ,
                 rid
                 directly
                 through
                 the
                 bands
                 of
                 the
                 adverse
                 party
                 to
                 the
                 house
                 where
                 she
                 thought
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 the
                 slain
                 Child
                 lay
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 It
                 is
                 a
                 hard
                 thing
                 to
                 judge
                 whether
                 a
                 just
                 Revenge
                 or
                 not
                 were
                 the
                 ruine
                 of
                 Iason
                 of
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 preparing
                 to
                 make
                 war
                 against
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia.
                 For
                 he
                 gave
                 leave
                 to
                 Taxillus
                 the
                 Master
                 of
                 his
                 Games
                 ,
                 complaining
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 abused
                 by
                 certain
                 young
                 men
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 either
                 require
                 thirty
                 Drachma's
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 give
                 them
                 ten
                 Stripes
                 .
                 Which
                 last
                 revenge
                 when
                 he
                 used
                 ,
                 they
                 that
                 were
                 lash'd
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 Iason
                 ,
                 valuing
                 the
                 measure
                 of
                 the
                 punishment
                 by
                 the
                 pain
                 of
                 the
                 Minde
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 .
                 Thus
                 by
                 a
                 small
                 provocation
                 of
                 ingenious
                 Shame
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 Undertaking
                 was
                 subverted
                 .
                 Because
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 opinion
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 as
                 much
                 expected
                 from
                 Iason
                 ,
                 as
                 from
                 Alexander
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XI
               .
               Of
               things
               naughtily
               said
               ,
               and
               wickedly
               done
               .
            
             
               
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Tullia
                 Servilia
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 C.
                 Fimbria
                 
                   Tribune
                   of
                   the
                   People
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 L.
                 Catiline
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Magius
                 Chilo
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 C.
                 Toranius
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Villius
                 Annalis
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 
                   The
                   wife
                   of
                
                 Vettius
                 Salassus
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORREIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Two
                 Spanish
                 Brothers
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Mithridates
                 
                   the
                   King.
                
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Sariaster
                 
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                
                 Tigranes
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 L.
                 
                   Aelius
                   Sejanus
                
                 .
              
            
             
               NOw
               because
               we
               pursue
               the
               good
               and
               bad
               things
               of
               humane
               Life
               ,
               let
               us
               go
               on
               with
               what
               hath
               been
               naughtily
               said
               ,
               and
               wickedly
               done
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               But
               where
               shall
               I
               better
               begin
               than
               from
               Tullia
               ?
               as
               being
               he
               ancientest
               in
               time
               ,
               the
               wickedest
               and
               most
               monstrous
               Example
               of
               Impiety
               .
               Who
               ,
               when
               her
               Charioteer
               ,
               as
               she
               was
               riding
               in
               her
               Chariot
               ,
               stopp'd
               his
               Horses
               ;
               upon
               her
               enquiry
               finding
               that
               the
               dead
               body
               of
               her
               Father
               ,
               
                 Servius
                 Tullius
              
               ,
               lay
               in
               the
               way
               ,
               caus'd
               the
               Charioteer
               to
               drive
               over
               it
               ;
               that
               she
               might
               hasten
               to
               the
               embraces
               of
               Tarquinius
               ,
               who
               had
               slain
               him
               .
               By
               which
               impious
               and
               shameful
               haste
               ,
               she
               not
               only
               stain'd
               herself
               with
               eternal
               Infamy
               ,
               but
               also
               the
               very
               Village
               it self
               ,
               which
               was
               called
               ,
               
                 The
                 wicked
                 Village
              
               ,
               after
               that
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Not
               so
               horrible
               was
               the
               Act
               and
               Saying
               of
               
                 C.
                 Fimbria
              
               ;
               though
               consider'd
               by
               themselves
               ,
               both
               very
               abominable
               .
               He
               had
               order'd
               it
               ,
               that
               Scavola
               should
               
               be
               killed
               at
               the
               Funeral
               of
               
                 C.
                 Marius
              
               ;
               whom
               after
               he
               found
               to
               be
               recovered
               of
               his
               Wound
               ,
               He
               resolv'd
               ●o
               accuse
               to
               the
               People
               .
               Being
               then
               ask'd
               what
               he
               could
               say
               truely
               of
               him
               ,
               whose
               conversation
               was
               not
               to
               〈◊〉
               blamed
               ;
               answered
               ,
               that
               he
               would
               accuse
               him
               ,
               
                 F●●
                 not
                 receiving
                 the
                 Dart
                 any
                 further
                 into
                 his
                 Body
                 .
              
            
             
               3.
               
               
                 L.
                 Catiline
                 ,
                 Cicero
              
               saying
               in
               the
               Senate
               ,
               that
               there
               was
               a
               great
               fire
               kindled
               by
               him
               ;
               
                 I
                 perceive
                 i●
              
               said
               he
               ;
               and
               
                 if
                 I
                 could
                 not
                 ●uench
                 it
                 with
                 Water
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 with
                 Ruine
                 .
              
               What
               can
               we
               think
               ,
               but
               that
               the
               stings
               of
               his
               Conscience
               moved
               him
               to
               finish
               the
               act
               of
               Parricide
               which
               he
               began
               ?
            
             
               4.
               
               The
               Breast
               of
               
                 Magius
                 Chilo
              
               was
               deeply
               troubled
               with
               Madness
               :
               Who
               with
               his
               own
               hand
               snatch'd
               away
               Marcellus's
               Life
               that
               Caesar
               had
               given
               him
               ,
               For
               being
               an
               old
               Souldier
               under
               Pompey
               ,
               he
               took
               it
               ill
               that
               any
               of
               Pompey's
               friends
               should
               be
               preferr'd
               before
               him
               .
               For
               as
               he
               was
               upon
               his
               return
               from
               Mitylene
               to
               th●
               City
               ,
               he
               stabb'd
               him
               with
               a
               Dagger
               in
               the
               Port
               of
               Athens
               .
               An
               Enemy
               of
               Friendship
               ,
               an
               Intercepter
               of
               divine
               Favour
               ,
               and
               the
               Ignominy
               of
               publick
               Faith
               ,
               which
               had
               promis'd
               the
               Life
               of
               so
               great
               a
               person
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               To
               this
               Cruelty
               ,
               to
               which
               there
               seems
               no
               addition
               to
               be
               made
               ,
               
                 C.
                 Caius
                 ●oranius
              
               exceeds
               in
               heinousness
               of
               Parricide
               .
               For
               adhering
               to
               the
               Faction
               ●f
               the
               Triumviri
               ,
               he
               described
               to
               the
               Centurions
               the
               marks
               ,
               the
               age
               and
               lurking
               places
               of
               his
               proscrib'd
               Father
               ,
               a
               famous
               person
               ,
               and
               of
               the
               Praetorian
               Order
               ,
               to
               th●
               end
               they
               might
               finde
               him
               out
               .
               The
               Old-man
               mo●●
               concerned
               for
               the
               life
               and
               advancement
               of
               his
               Son
               ,
               than
               for
               the
               remainder
               of
               his
               days
               ,
               enquired
               of
               the
               Centurions
               whether
               his
               Son
               were
               safe
               ,
               and
               whether
               he
               pleas'd
               his
               Generals
               .
               One
               of
               which
               made
               answer
               ,
               
                 Being
                 shewed
                 by
                 him
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 whom
                 thou
                 so
                 〈◊〉
                 lovest
                 ,
                 we
                 are
                 come
                 to
                 be
                 thy
                 Exec●tione●s
              
               ;
               and
               prese●tly
               ran
               him
               through
               ,
               This
               fell
               that
               unhappy
               man
               ,
               
               more
               miserable
               in
               the
               author
               of
               his
               Death
               ,
               than
               in
               his
               Death
               it self
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               Which
               was
               the
               bitter
               Lo●
               of
               
                 L.
                 Villius
                 Annolis
              
               .
               Who
               coming
               into
               the
               Field
               to
               the
               choice
               of
               his
               Son
               for
               Quaestor
               ,
               and
               knowing
               himself
               to
               be
               proscrib'd
               ,
               flew
               to
               his
               Protection
               But
               the
               wickedness
               of
               the
               Youngman
               was
               the
               cause
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               not
               safe
               in
               his
               Protection
               :
               For
               he
               deliver'd
               him
               up
               to
               the
               Souldiers
               ,
               that
               followed
               his
               steps
               ,
               to
               be
               slain
               in
               his
               presence
               .
               Twice
               a
               Parricide
               ,
               by
               Counsel
               ,
               and
               beholding
               the
               slaughter
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               
                 Vet●ius
                 Sallassus
              
               proscrib'd
               ,
               had
               an
               end
               no
               less
               bitter
               ,
               whom
               being
               hidden
               ,
               what
               shall
               I
               say
               ,
               whether
               his
               Wife
               delivered
               him
               to
               be
               slain
               ,
               or
               slew
               him
               her self
               ?
               For
               how
               can
               we
               think
               the
               Crime
               less
               ,
               where
               the
               hands
               is
               only
               absent
               ?
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 But
                 this
                 fact
                 ,
                 because
                 Forraign
                 ,
                 shall
                 be
                 more
                 calmly
                 deliver'd
                 .
                 
                   Scipio
                   Africanus
                
                 celebrating
                 the
                 Memory
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 and
                 his
                 Uncle
                 at
                 
                   New
                   Carthage
                
                 with
                 a
                 Gladiatory
                 gift
                 ,
                 two
                 Kings
                 Sons
                 ,
                 their
                 Father
                 being
                 dead
                 ,
                 enter'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Sand
                 ;
                 promising
                 there
                 to
                 fight
                 for
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 Combat
                 might
                 make
                 the
                 spectacle
                 more
                 famous
                 .
                 Them
                 when
                 Scipio
                 admonish'd
                 rather
                 to
                 contend
                 in
                 words
                 than
                 blows
                 who
                 should
                 r●ign
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 elder
                 submitted
                 to
                 his
                 advice
                 ;
                 the
                 younger
                 ,
                 trusting
                 to
                 his
                 strength
                 ,
                 persisted
                 in
                 his
                 Madness
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 issue
                 of
                 the
                 Combat
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 more
                 obstinate
                 Impiety
                 was
                 punished
                 with
                 Death
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Mithridates
                 much
                 more
                 wickedly
                 ;
                 who
                 not
                 only
                 made
                 war
                 with
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 Father
                 himself
                 for
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 Wherein
                 ,
                 how
                 he
                 got
                 assistants
                 to
                 help
                 him
                 ,
                 or
                 durst
                 invoke
                 the
                 gods
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 me
                 a
                 wonder
                 .
              
               
               
                 3.
                 
                 But
                 why
                 should
                 we
                 wonder
                 at
                 a
                 thing
                 as
                 not
                 usual
                 with
                 those
                 people
                 ?
                 When
                 Sarla●ter
                 so
                 conspir'd
                 with
                 his
                 friends
                 against
                 Tigranes
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Armenia
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 let
                 themselves
                 blood
                 in
                 their
                 right
                 hands
                 ,
                 and
                 drank
                 it
                 up
                 .
                 Hardly
                 were
                 such
                 a
                 bloody
                 Conspiracy
                 to
                 be
                 endur'd
                 for
                 the
                 safety
                 of
                 a
                 Parent
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 But
                 why
                 do
                 I
                 stay
                 upon
                 these
                 Examples
                 ,
                 when
                 I
                 see
                 all
                 Villanies
                 exceeded
                 by
                 the
                 thought
                 of
                 one
                 Parricide
                 ?
                 And
                 therefore
                 I
                 am
                 transported
                 to
                 dilacerate
                 it
                 with
                 a
                 pious
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 strong
                 affection
                 .
                 For
                 who
                 ,
                 the
                 faith
                 of
                 Friendship
                 being
                 ex●inct
                 ,
                 can
                 finde
                 words
                 enough
                 to
                 s●nd
                 to
                 the
                 Abyss
                 of
                 due
                 execration
                 the
                 person
                 that
                 endeavoured
                 the
                 subversion
                 of
                 all
                 Mankinde
                 ?
                 Couldst
                 thou
                 ,
                 more
                 cruel
                 than
                 the
                 Cruelty
                 of
                 Barbarism
                 it self
                 ,
                 have
                 rul'd
                 the
                 reins
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Empire
                 ,
                 which
                 our
                 Prince
                 and
                 Parent
                 governs
                 with
                 his
                 protecting
                 Arm
                 ?
                 Or
                 while
                 thou
                 wert
                 so
                 mad
                 ,
                 could
                 be
                 world
                 have
                 remained
                 steady
                 ?
                 Thy
                 purpose
                 was
                 to
                 have
                 represented
                 the
                 mad
                 intentions
                 of
                 thy
                 fury
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 have
                 outdone
                 the
                 City
                 taken
                 by
                 the
                 Gauls
                 ,
                 the
                 slaughter
                 of
                 the
                 three
                 hundred
                 Noblemen
                 ,
                 the
                 Battle
                 of
                 Allia
                 ,
                 the
                 Scipio's
                 ruined
                 in
                 
                   Spain
                   ,
                   Thrasymene
                   ,
                   Cannae
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Aemathia
                 ,
                 reaking
                 with
                 Civil
                 Blood.
                 But
                 the
                 Eyes
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 were
                 awake
                 ,
                 the
                 Stars
                 were
                 also
                 watchful
                 ,
                 the
                 Altars
                 ,
                 Bed●
                 and
                 Temples
                 were
                 full
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 Numen
                 .
                 There
                 was
                 nothing
                 permitted
                 to
                 grow
                 drowsie
                 ,
                 that
                 was
                 to
                 watch
                 over
                 the
                 head
                 and
                 safety
                 of
                 Augustus
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 the
                 Author
                 and
                 Defende●
                 of
                 our
                 safety
                 by
                 his
                 divine
                 wisdome
                 provided
                 ,
                 lest
                 his
                 famous
                 works
                 should
                 have
                 been
                 buried
                 in
                 the
                 ruine
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 world
                 .
                 Therefore
                 Peace
                 remains
                 ,
                 the
                 Laws
                 are
                 in
                 force
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 order
                 of
                 publick
                 and
                 private
                 Duty
                 stands
                 fast
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 that
                 endeavoured
                 to
                 subvert
                 all
                 these
                 ,
                 by
                 violating
                 the
                 bonds
                 of
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 trod
                 under
                 
                 foot
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Family
                 by
                 the
                 Roman
                 People
                 ,
                 hath
                 now
                 his
                 punishment
                 i●
                 Hell
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 deserve
                 to
                 be
                 there
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XII
               .
               Of
               Deaths
               not
               Vulgar
               .
            
             
               
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Tullus
                 Hostilius
                 King.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 
                   The
                   two
                   Mothers
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 M●
                 .
                 Juven●ius
                 Thalna
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 Q.
                 Lutelius
                 Catulus
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 L.
                 Cornelius
                 Merula
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Herennius
                 Siculus
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Licinius
                 Macer
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Co●nelius
                 Gall●s
                 and
                 T.
                 Ha●erius
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNE●S
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Coma
                 
                   the
                   Brother
                   of
                
                 Cleon
                 
                   Captain
                   of
                   the
                   Fugitives
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Ae●chylus
                 
                   the
                   Poet.
                
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Homer
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Euripides
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Sophocles
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Philemon
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Pinda●us
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Anac●●on
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 Milo
                 the
                 Cro●oniate
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 Polydamas
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 .
              
            
             
               THe
               first
               and
               last
               day
               contain
               the
               condition
               of
               humane
               Life
               ;
               for
               it
               is
               so
               great
               concern
               with
               what
               lucky
               Omens
               it
               begins
               ,
               and
               how
               it
               ends
               ,
               And
               therefore
               we
               accompt
               him
               happy
               that
               begins
               his
               Life
               with
               prosperity
               ,
               and
               ends
               it
               with
               quietness
               .
               The
               middle
               course
               of
               time
               is
               sometimes
               rugged
               ,
               sometimes
               cal●
               ;
               always
               deceiving
               hope
               ,
               while
               we
               wish
               it
               long
               ,
               and
               yet
               idly
               consume
               it
               .
               For
               by
               using
               it
               well
               ,
               a
               short
               time
               becomes
               long
               ,
               exceeding
               the
               multitude
               of
               years
               in
               the
               number
               of
               famous
               actions
               .
               But
               not
               to
               wander
               
               farther
               ,
               let
               us
               mention
               those
               that
               have
               died
               no
               Vulgar
               Deaths
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 Tullus
                 Hostilius
              
               the
               king
               was
               struck
               with
               Thunder
               ,
               and
               burnt
               together
               with
               his
               whole
               Palace
               .
               A
               singular
               Lot
               of
               Fa●e
               ,
               by
               which
               it
               happen'd
               ,
               that
               the
               Pillar
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               ta●en
               away
               in
               the
               City
               it self
               ,
               was
               reduced
               into
               that
               condition
               by
               the
               flame
               of
               Heaven
               ,
               that
               the
               Citizens
               might
               not
               have
               the
               honour
               of
               bestowing
               the
               last
               Funeral
               Rites
               upon
               it
               ,
               the
               Palace
               being
               both
               Funeral-Pile
               and
               Sepulcher
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               'T
               is
               a
               strange
               thing
               that
               Joy
               should
               do
               the
               same
               as
               Thunder
               ;
               and
               yet
               it
               did
               .
               For
               news
               being
               brought
               of
               the
               slaughter
               at
               Thrasymene
               ;
               One
               Mother
               meeting
               her
               Son
               safe
               in
               the
               Gate
               ,
               expir'd
               in
               his
               arms
               ;
               another
               upon
               the
               false
               news
               of
               her
               Sons
               death
               ,
               fitting
               melancholy
               at
               home
               ,
               at
               the
               first
               sight
               of
               him
               ,
               when
               he
               return'd
               ,
               fell
               down
               dead
               .
               An
               unusual
               accident
               ,
               that
               they
               whom
               Grief
               could
               not
               ,
               Joy
               should
               kill
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               But
               I
               wonder
               the
               less
               because
               they
               were
               Women
               .
               
                 Iuventius
                 Thalna
              
               ,
               Colleague
               with
               
                 T.
                 Gracchus
              
               the
               Consul
               ,
               sacrificing
               in
               Corsica
               ,
               which
               he
               had
               newly
               subdued
               ,
               and
               receiving
               Letters
               that
               Supplications
               we●●
               decreed
               by
               the
               Senate
               ,
               as
               he
               was
               intently
               reading
               them
               ,
               a
               mist
               rose
               before
               his
               eyes
               ,
               and
               he
               fell
               down
               dead
               before
               the
               hearth
               .
               What
               can
               we
               think
               ,
               but
               that
               too
               much
               Joy
               was
               the
               cause
               of
               his
               Death
               ?
               What
               if
               Numantia
               or
               Carthage
               had
               been
               d●●●v●r'd
               to
               him
               !
            
             
               4.
               
               
                 C.
                 Catulus
              
               ,
               a
               Captain
               of
               a
               greater
               Spirit
               ,
               and
               Partaker
               with
               Marius
               in
               the
               Cimbrian
               Triumph
               ,
               by
               order
               of
               the
               Senate
               ,
               had
               an
               end
               more
               violent
               .
               For
               by
               the
               same
               Marius
               afterwards
               command●d
               to
               de●●●
               ,
               covered
               himself
               up
               in
               his
               Bed
               ,
               heated
               vehemently
               hot
               ,
               and
               daub'd
               with
               new
               Lime
               ,
               and
               so
               stifled
               himself
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               At
               which
               time
               also
               
                 L.
                 Cornelius
                 Merula
              
               ,
               of
               Consular
               Dignity
               ,
               and
               Priest
               of
               Iupiter
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               
               not
               be
               a
               scorn
               to
               the
               Insolency
               of
               the
               Victors
               ,
               opening
               his
               Veins
               in
               the
               Temple
               of
               Iove
               ,
               avoided
               the
               denunciation
               of
               his
               Death
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               A
               sharp
               and
               stout
               end
               was
               that
               of
               Herennius
               the
               Sicilian
               ,
               who
               was
               both
               a
               Frie●d
               and
               Southsayer
               to
               
                 C.
                 Gracchus
              
               .
               For
               being
               for
               that
               reason
               carried
               to
               Prison
               ,
               at
               the
               very
               threshold
               of
               Ignominy
               he
               knock'd
               out
               his
               own
               Brains
               against
               the
               post
               of
               the
               door
               ,
               and
               there
               died
               :
               One
               degree
               more
               swift
               than
               Publick
               Justice
               ,
               or
               the
               hand
               of
               the
               Executioner
            
             
               7.
               
               As
               violent
               was
               the
               End
               of
               
                 C.
                 Licinius
                 Macer
              
               ,
               a
               Praetorian
               ,
               the
               Father
               of
               Calvus
               ,
               being
               guilty
               of
               Bribery
               ;
               while
               the
               Suffrages
               were
               separating
               ,
               went
               into
               the
               place
               of
               Judgment
               ,
               and
               seeing
               
                 M.
                 Cicero
              
               ,
               who
               assembled
               the
               Judges
               ,
               preparing
               to
               plead
               ,
               he
               sent
               to
               tell
               him
               ,
               the
               
                 he
                 died
                 not
                 condemned
                 ,
                 but
                 guilty
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 his
                 estate
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 confiscated
              
               ;
               and
               having
               so
               said
               ,
               stopping
               his
               Mouth
               and
               Nostrils
               with
               his
               Handkerchief
               ,
               and
               holding
               his
               Breath
               ,
               he
               prevented
               his
               punishment
               by
               Death
               .
               Which
               being
               known
               ,
               Cicero
               forbore
               to
               pronounce
               Sentence
               .
               Thus
               Illustrious
               person
               freed
               himself
               from
               an
               unusual
               sort
               of
               Death
               ,
               from
               the
               shame
               of
               Condemnation
               ,
               and
               his
               Family
               from
               Want.
               
            
             
               8.
               
               This
               a
               stout
               Death
               ,
               the
               next
               ridiculous
               .
               For
               
                 Cornelius
                 Gallus
              
               ,
               and
               
                 T.
                 Ha●erius
              
               a
               Roman
               Knight
               ,
               expir'd
               at
               their
               Ven●ry
               .
               But
               what
               imports
               it
               to
               reprehend
               the
               Fate
               of
               those
               ,
               whom
               not
               their
               Lust
               ,
               but
               the
               condition
               of
               human●
               frailty
               brought
               to
               an
               end
               ?
               For
               the
               end
               of
               Li●e
               being
               expos'd
               to
               various
               and
               occult
               Causes
               ,
               sometimes
               certain
               accidents
               g●in
               the
               title
               of
               Supreme
               Fate
               ,
               when
               they
               rather
               happen
               at
               the
               time
               of
               Death
               ,
               than
               any
               was
               hasten
               it
               .
            
             
               
                 FORREIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Deaths
                 of
                 Strangers
                 are
                 also
                 very
                 remarkable
                 ;
                 
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 Coma
                 ,
                 the
                 Brother
                 of
                 Cleon
                 the
                 greatest
                 Captain
                 of
                 Thieves
                 in
                 his
                 time
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 being
                 brought
                 to
                 Rupilius
                 the
                 Consul
                 after
                 the
                 taking
                 of
                 Enna
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Thieves
                 kept
                 ,
                 being
                 examined
                 touching
                 the
                 force
                 and
                 designes
                 of
                 the
                 Fugitives
                 ,
                 resuming
                 time
                 to
                 collect
                 himself
                 ,
                 he
                 covered
                 his
                 Head
                 with
                 his
                 Knees
                 bent
                 ,
                 and
                 holding
                 his
                 Breath
                 ,
                 he
                 expir'd
                 in
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 his
                 Keepers
                 ,
                 an
                 in
                 the
                 si●●●
                 of
                 the
                 supreme
                 Command
                 .
                 Let
                 the
                 miserable
                 ●●●en●
                 themselves
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 it
                 is
                 more
                 profitable
                 to
                 dye
                 than
                 live
                 ,
                 with
                 timorous
                 and
                 dubious
                 counsel
                 how
                 to
                 end
                 their
                 Lives
                 :
                 Let
                 them
                 sharpen
                 their
                 Knives
                 ,
                 temper
                 Poysons
                 ,
                 take
                 Halters
                 ,
                 view
                 Precipices
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 required
                 some
                 preparation
                 or
                 exact
                 method
                 to
                 separate
                 the
                 strict
                 society
                 of
                 Soul
                 and
                 Body
                 .
                 Coma
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 none
                 of
                 these
                 ,
                 but
                 his
                 Soul
                 being
                 shut
                 up
                 in
                 his
                 breast
                 ,
                 found
                 its
                 own
                 way
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 Death
                 of
                 Aescbylus
                 ,
                 though
                 not
                 voluntary
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 however
                 related
                 for
                 the
                 novelty
                 .
                 For
                 walking
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 where
                 he
                 liv'd
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 he
                 sate
                 down
                 in
                 a
                 convenient
                 place
                 ;
                 upon
                 whom
                 an
                 Eagle
                 bearing
                 a
                 Tortoise
                 ▪
                 deceived
                 by
                 the
                 baldness
                 of
                 his
                 head
                 ,
                 let
                 fall
                 the
                 Tortoise
                 to
                 break
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 come
                 at
                 the
                 fl●sh
                 .
                 And
                 by
                 that
                 blow
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 a
                 higher
                 Tragedy
                 was
                 stifled
                 in
                 the
                 birth
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Now
                 was
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 
                 Homer's
                 Death
                 vulgar
                 :
                 Who
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 have
                 died
                 for
                 grief
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 answer
                 a
                 question
                 which
                 the
                 Fishers
                 put
                 to
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 More
                 sad
                 was
                 the
                 destiny
                 of
                 Euripides
                 .
                 For
                 returning
                 to
                 the
                 house
                 where
                 he
                 lay
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 from
                 supping
                 with
                 King
                 Archelaus
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 torn
                 to
                 pieces
                 by
                 Dogs
                 .
                 A
                 fate
                 too
                 severe
                 for
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Wit.
                 
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Sophocles
                 b●ing
                 very
                 old
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 rehears'd
                 a
                 Tragedy
                 at
                 the
                 publick
                 place
                 for
                 trial
                 of
                 Wit
                 ,
                 after
                 a
                 long
                 dispute
                 remaining
                 at
                 length
                 Victor
                 by
                 one
                 voice
                 ,
                 died
                 for
                 joy
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 won
                 .
              
               
               
                 6.
                 
                 Philemon
                 was
                 carried
                 off
                 by
                 immoderate
                 laughter
                 .
                 For
                 an
                 Ass
                 eating
                 certain
                 Figs
                 that
                 were
                 prepared
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 call'd
                 the
                 boy
                 to
                 drive
                 him
                 away
                 :
                 who
                 not
                 coming
                 till
                 the
                 Ass
                 had
                 eaten
                 them
                 all
                 up
                 ;
                 
                   Because
                   thou
                   comest
                   so
                   late
                
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   prethee
                   give
                   the
                   Ass
                   some
                   Wine
                   too
                
                 ;
                 and
                 prosecuting
                 his
                 Jeast
                 with
                 a
                 in●emperancy
                 of
                 Laughter
                 ,
                 stopp'd
                 up
                 the
                 passages
                 of
                 the
                 Spirits
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 But
                 Pindarus
                 laying
                 his
                 head
                 in
                 the
                 School
                 on
                 a
                 Boy
                 's
                 lap
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 his
                 only
                 delight
                 ,
                 and
                 composing
                 himself
                 for
                 rest
                 ,
                 was
                 not
                 known
                 to
                 be
                 dead
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 Master
                 of
                 the
                 Exercising-place
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 lay
                 ,
                 going
                 to
                 shut
                 the
                 doors
                 ,
                 sought
                 in
                 vain
                 to
                 wake
                 him
                 .
                 Certainly
                 the
                 same
                 savour
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 granted
                 him
                 his
                 Poetic
                 Eloquence
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 an
                 easie
                 Death
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 As
                 happen'd
                 also
                 to
                 Anacreon
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 outlived
                 the
                 age
                 of
                 man
                 ,
                 whom
                 ,
                 cherishing
                 his
                 old
                 age
                 with
                 the
                 juice
                 of
                 Raisins
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 thick
                 moisture
                 of
                 one
                 Grape
                 sticking
                 in
                 his
                 Throat
                 ,
                 carried
                 off
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 I
                 will
                 adde
                 those
                 ,
                 whose
                 Exit
                 and
                 Intent
                 were
                 alike
                 .
                 Milo
                 the
                 Crotoniate
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 travelling
                 ,
                 seeing
                 an
                 Oak
                 clest
                 with
                 Wedges
                 ,
                 trusting
                 to
                 his
                 strength
                 ,
                 went
                 to
                 the
                 Oak
                 ,
                 and
                 thought
                 with
                 his
                 hands
                 to
                 pull
                 one
                 from
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Wedges
                 falling
                 out
                 ,
                 the
                 Oak
                 closed
                 again
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 kept
                 him
                 ,
                 till
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Palms
                 and
                 Victories
                 he
                 had
                 won
                 ,
                 the
                 wild
                 beasts
                 came
                 and
                 devoured
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 Polydamas
                 also
                 ,
                 the
                 Wrastler
                 ,
                 being
                 forced
                 by
                 s●ress
                 of
                 weather
                 to
                 shelter
                 himself
                 in
                 a
                 Cave
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 weakned
                 and
                 ready
                 to
                 fall
                 ,
                 while
                 his
                 Companions
                 ran
                 away
                 ,
                 he
                 only
                 stood
                 still
                 ,
                 thinking
                 to
                 have
                 upheld
                 the
                 weight
                 with
                 his
                 Shoulders
                 .
                 But
                 being
                 opprest
                 with
                 a
                 weight
                 more
                 powerful
                 than
                 humane
                 streng●h
                 ,
                 the
                 shelter
                 which
                 he
                 sought
                 from
                 the
                 shower
                 ,
                 b●●●me
                 the
                 Sepulch●r
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 mad
                 ●ate
                 ▪
                 
                 These
                 Examples
                 may
                 te●ch
                 us
                 ,
                 that
                 Vigour
                 of
                 Minde
                 and
                 vast
                 Strength
                 of
                 Body
                 are
                 not
                 always
                 companions
                 .
                 Nature
                 not
                 affording
                 two
                 such
                 great
                 Benefits
                 together
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 same
                 person
                 should
                 at
                 once
                 be
                 the
                 most
                 strong
                 and
                 the
                 most
                 wise
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XIII
               .
               Of
               Desire
               of
               Life
               .
            
             
               
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Mu.
                 Aquilius
                 
                   Consular
                   Legate
                
                 ▪
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Cn.
                 Carbo
                 
                   thrice
                   Consul
                
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 D.
                 Junius
                 Brutus
                 Procensul
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORRAIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Xerxes
                 
                   King
                   of
                
                 Persia.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Massinissa
                 
                   King
                   of
                   the
                
                 Numidians
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Alexander
                 
                   King
                   of
                   the
                
                 Phereans
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Dionysius
                 
                   the
                   Tyrant
                
                 :
              
            
             
               NOw
               because
               we
               have
               touch'd
               upon
               some
               casual
               ,
               some
               couragious
               ,
               some
               rash
               terminations
               of
               Life
               ;
               we
               may
               now
               adde
               some
               that
               are
               low-spirited
               and
               esseminate
               .
               That
               by
               the
               comparison
               it
               may
               appear
               ,
               how
               Death
               may
               be
               sometimes
               not
               only
               more
               stoutly
               ,
               but
               more
               prudently
               desired
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 Mu.
                 Aquilius
              
               ,
               when
               he
               might
               have
               bravely
               died
               ,
               chose
               rather
               to
               be
               an
               ignominious
               slave
               to
               Mithridates
               .
               Whether
               shall
               we
               say
               the
               best
               deserved
               the
               Pontic
               punishment
               ,
               or
               the
               Roman
               Empire
               ?
               Since
               he
               permitted
               private
               Ignominy
               to
               be
               the
               publick
               Shame
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               
                 Cn.
                 Carbo
              
               is
               a
               grea●
               blot
               to
               the
               Latine
               Annals
               ,
               who
               in
               his
               third
               Consulship
               ,
               being
               sent
               to
               be
               put
               to
               death
               in
               Sicily
               by
               Pompey
               ,
               humbly
               and
               with
               tears
               in
               his
               eyes
               begg'd
               of
               the
               Souldiers
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               have
               
               time
               to
               ease
               himself
               before
               he
               suffered
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               enjoy
               that
               miserable
               moment
               of
               a
               pitiful
               Life
               :
               and
               so
               long
               be
               delayed
               ,
               till
               his
               head
               was
               sordidly
               cut
               off
               as
               he
               sate
               .
               The
               words
               relating
               so
               much
               Pus●●lanimi●y
               ,
               are
               at
               variance
               among
               themselves
               ,
               neither
               friendly
               to
               silence
               ,
               because
               they
               deserve
               not
               to
               be
               conceal'd
               ;
               nor
               familiar
               to
               rehearsal
               ,
               when
               the
               subject
               nauseates
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Brutus
               with
               how
               much
               shame
               did
               he
               buy
               an
               unhappy
               and
               small
               moment
               of
               Life
               !
               For
               being
               taken
               by
               Furius
               ,
               whom
               Antonius
               had
               sent
               to
               apprehend
               him
               ,
               not
               only
               withdrew
               his
               Neck
               from
               the
               Sword
               ;
               but
               being
               admonish'd
               to
               hold
               still
               ,
               he
               swore
               in
               these
               words
               ,
               
                 As
                 I
                 live
                 ,
                 I
                 will
                 hold
                 it
                 forth
                 .
              
               O
               contemptible
               delay
               of
               fate
               !
               O
               stolid
               and
               silly
               Oath
               !
               But
               th●se
               are
               thy
               deliriums
               ,
               out
               of
               an
               immoderate
               desire
               of
               the
               sweets
               of
               Life
               ,
               expelling
               that
               measure
               of
               Reasons
               ,
               which
               teaches
               to
               love
               Life
               ,
               yet
               not
               to
               fear
               Death
               .
            
             
               
                 FORREIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Thou
                 the
                 same
                 sweetness
                 of
                 Life
                 didst
                 compel
                 Xerxes
                 to
                 shed
                 tears
                 for
                 the
                 armed
                 Youth
                 of
                 all
                 Asi●
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 would
                 be
                 none
                 remaining
                 in
                 less
                 than
                 an
                 hundred
                 years
                 .
                 Who
                 thereby
                 seem'd
                 to
                 me
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 bewail'd
                 others
                 ,
                 to
                 deplore
                 his
                 own
                 condition
                 .
                 Happy
                 rather
                 in
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 his
                 Riches
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 the
                 deep
                 Reflexion
                 of
                 his
                 thoughts
                 .
                 For
                 who
                 but
                 meanly
                 prudent
                 would
                 bewail
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 born
                 mortal
                 ?
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 I
                 will
                 relate
                 others
                 now
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 others
                 in
                 suspicion
                 ,
                 sought
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 more
                 exquisite
                 care
                 of
                 themselves
                 .
                 Nor
                 will
                 I
                 begin
                 from
                 the
                 most
                 misserable
                 ,
                 but
                 one
                 that
                 was
                 accompted
                 the
                 most
                 happy
                 among
                 a
                 few
                 .
                 Massiniss●
                 the
                 King
                 reposing
                 but
                 little
                 faith
                 in
                 Men
                 ,
                 secur'd
                 himself
                 with
                 a
                 guard
                 of
                 Dogs
                 .
                 What
                 meant
                 so
                 large
                 an
                 Empire
                 ?
                 What
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 
                 number
                 of
                 Children
                 ?
                 What
                 the
                 Roman
                 Friendship
                 so
                 strictly
                 allied
                 to
                 him
                 ?
                 If
                 to
                 secure
                 all
                 these
                 ,
                 he
                 thought
                 nothing
                 more
                 powerful
                 than
                 the
                 barking
                 and
                 biting
                 of
                 Dogs
                 ?
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Alexander
                 was
                 more
                 unhappy
                 than
                 this
                 King
                 ;
                 whose
                 minde
                 on
                 the
                 one
                 side
                 Love
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 Fear
                 tormented
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 infinitely
                 enamour'd
                 of
                 his
                 Wife
                 Thebe
                 ,
                 going
                 to
                 her
                 from
                 a
                 Banquet
                 into
                 her
                 Chamber
                 ,
                 he
                 caus'd
                 a
                 Barbarian
                 Fugitive
                 to
                 go
                 before
                 him
                 with
                 his
                 Sword
                 drawn
                 .
                 Nor
                 did
                 he
                 put
                 himself
                 to
                 bed
                 ,
                 till
                 he
                 was
                 diligently
                 search'd
                 by
                 those
                 about
                 him
                 .
                 A
                 mix'd
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 anger
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 neithe●
                 command
                 his
                 Lust
                 no●
                 his
                 Fear
                 .
                 Of
                 Whose
                 Fear
                 the
                 cause
                 and
                 end
                 was
                 the
                 same
                 .
                 
                   For
                   Thebe
                   slew
                   Alexander
                
                 ,
                 provoked
                 by
                 his
                 Adultery
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Dionysius
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 how
                 long
                 a
                 story
                 might
                 he
                 make
                 of
                 this
                 fear
                 ?
                 Who
                 prolonged
                 a
                 Tyranny
                 of
                 two
                 and
                 forty
                 years
                 ,
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 :
                 He
                 removed
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 and
                 substituted
                 in
                 their
                 places
                 men
                 brought
                 from
                 the
                 most
                 fierce
                 of
                 Nations
                 ,
                 and
                 stout
                 Servants
                 pick'd
                 out
                 of
                 wealthy
                 Families
                 for
                 his
                 Guard
                 ;
                 and
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 a
                 Barber
                 ,
                 taught
                 his
                 Daughters
                 to
                 shave
                 :
                 into
                 whose
                 hands
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 ripe
                 Age
                 ,
                 not
                 daring
                 to
                 commit
                 Iron
                 ,
                 he
                 order'd
                 his
                 Beard
                 and
                 Hair
                 to
                 be
                 burnt
                 off
                 with
                 the
                 flame
                 of
                 the
                 skins
                 of
                 Walnuts
                 .
                 Nor
                 was
                 he
                 a
                 more
                 secure
                 Husband
                 than
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 Father
                 .
                 For
                 having
                 married
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 ●ime
                 Aristomache
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 Cloris
                 of
                 Locris
                 ,
                 he
                 never
                 lay
                 with
                 either
                 till
                 they
                 were
                 searched
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 entrench'd
                 his
                 Bed
                 ,
                 like
                 a
                 Camp
                 ,
                 into
                 which
                 he
                 went
                 over
                 a
                 wooden
                 Bridge
                 ,
                 leaving
                 the
                 outward
                 Chamber-door
                 open
                 to
                 his
                 Guards
                 ,
                 and
                 carefully
                 locking
                 the
                 inner
                 himself
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XIV
               .
               Of
               Similitude
               of
               Form.
               
            
             
               
                 ROMANS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Cn.
                 Pompey
                 
                   the
                   Great
                   ,
                   with
                
                 Vibius
                 and
                 Publicius
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Cn.
                 Pompey
                 Strabo
                 with
                 Menogenes
                 
                   the
                   Cook.
                
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 P.
                 Scipio
                 Nasica
                 with
                 Serapius
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 P.
                 Lentulus
                 and
                 Qu.
                 Metellus
                 
                   Consuls
                   ,
                   with
                
                 Spinther
                 and
                 Pamphilus
                 
                   the
                   Players
                
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 M.
                 M●ssila
                 and
                 C.
                 Curio
                 with
                 Menoges
                 and
                 Bubul●ius
                 Scenics
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORREIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Antiochus
                 
                   King
                   of
                
                 Syria
                 with
                 Artemon
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Hybras
                 
                   the
                   Orator
                   with
                   a
                   Servant
                   of
                   the
                
                 Cymaeaus
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 A
                 Sicilian
                 
                   Fisher
                   with
                   a
                
                 Roman
                 Praetor
                 .
              
            
             
               COncerning
               the
               likeness
               of
               Countenance
               and
               Proportion
               ,
               the
               more
               Learned
               dispute
               sub●ily
               .
               And
               some
               are
               of
               opinion
               ,
               that
               it
               answers
               to
               the
               original
               and
               composition
               of
               the
               blood
               .
               Nor
               do
               they
               draw
               a
               mean
               Argument
               from
               other
               Creatures
               ,
               which
               are
               like
               those
               that
               beget
               them
               .
               Others
               deny
               this
               to
               be
               the
               Constitution
               of
               Nature
               ,
               but
               an
               Accidental
               Chance
               of
               Conception
               .
               And
               therefore
               many
               times
               the
               beautiful
               bring
               forth
               deformed
               ,
               the
               strong
               produce
               weak
               Children
               .
               But
               because
               the
               Question
               is
               doubtful
               ,
               let
               us
               produce
               a
               few
               Examples
               of
               noted
               Likeness
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               Vibius
               of
               a
               good
               Family
               ,
               and
               Publicius
               the
               Freed-man
               were
               so
               like
               Pompey
               the
               Gr●at
               ,
               that
               changing
               their
               condition
               ,
               they
               might
               have
               been
               saluted
               for
               him
               ,
               and
               he
               for
               them
               .
               Certainly
               ,
               wherever
               Vibius
               or
               Publicius
               came
               ,
               all
               mens
               eyes
               were
               upon
               them
               ;
               every
               
               one
               remarking
               the
               form
               of
               a
               mighty
               Citizen
               i●
               persons
               of
               mean
               degree
               .
               Which
               kind
               of
               Mockery
               became
               almost
               hereditary
               to
               him
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               For
               his
               Father
               also
               was
               so
               exceeding
               like
               Men●genes
               his
               Cook
               ,
               that
               a
               man
               fierce
               in
               Courage
               and
               potent
               in
               Arms
               could
               not
               avoid
               that
               sordid
               name
               upon
               himself
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               
                 Cornel●us
                 Scipio
              
               a
               young
               man
               ,
               illustrious
               for
               his
               Nobility
               ,
               abounding
               in
               many
               ●amous
               Sirnames
               of
               his
               Family
               ,
               could
               not
               scape
               the
               servile
               Appellation
               of
               Ser●pio
               ;
               being
               so
               like
               a
               Killer
               of
               the
               Sacrifices
               who
               was
               of
               that
               Name
               .
               Nor
               could
               the
               Probity
               of
               his
               Life
               ,
               nor
               the
               Antiquity
               of
               his
               Family
               ,
               any
               way
               prevail
               against
               the
               Scandal
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               A
               most
               generous
               Colleagueship
               was
               that
               of
               Lentulus
               and
               Metellus
               .
               Yet
               both
               were
               look'd
               upon
               as
               Players
               ,
               so
               like
               they
               were
               to
               two
               Hist●io's
               upon
               the
               Stage
               .
               For
               the
               one
               got
               the
               sirname
               of
               Spinth●r
               ,
               an
               Actor
               of
               the
               Second
               Parts
               ;
               and
               if
               the
               other
               had
               not
               had
               the
               sirname
               of
               
               Nepos
               ●rom
               his
               Ance●tors
               ,
               he
               had
               had
               the
               sirname
               of
               Pamphilus
               ,
               an
               Actor
               of
               Third
               Parts
               ,
               whom
               he
               so
               much
               resembled
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               But
               
                 M.
                 Messala
              
               ,
               of
               Consular
               Dignity
               ,
               was
               forced
               to
               receive
               the
               sirname
               of
               Menogenes
               ;
               and
               Curio
               ,
               abounding
               in
               wealth
               ,
               that
               of
               Barbuleius
               :
               the
               one
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               likeness
               of
               their
               Faces
               ;
               the
               other
               ,
               because
               of
               the
               likeness
               of
               their
               Gate
               .
            
             
               
                 FORREIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 These
                 are
                 enough
                 for
                 Domesticks
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 particularly
                 remarkable
                 in
                 reference
                 to
                 the
                 persons
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 obscure
                 in
                 relation
                 to
                 common
                 knowl●dge
                 .
                 There
                 was
                 one
                 Artemon
                 by
                 name
                 ,
                 and
                 related
                 to
                 the
                 Royal
                 Family
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 affirm'd
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 like
                 to
                 King
                 Antiochus
                 :
                 Whom
                 Laodice
                 having
                 murder'd
                 her
                 Husband
                 ,
                 to
                 conceal
                 the
                 fact
                 ,
                 laid
                 in
                 her
                 Husbands
                 
                 Bed
                 ,
                 to
                 counterfeit
                 the
                 King
                 as
                 sick
                 .
                 And
                 by
                 his
                 Countenance
                 and
                 Voice
                 deceived
                 all
                 people
                 that
                 were
                 admitted
                 to
                 see
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 believed
                 that
                 Laodice
                 and
                 her
                 Children
                 were
                 recommended
                 by
                 dying
                 Antiochus
                 to
                 their
                 care
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Hybreas
                 of
                 Mylasa
                 ,
                 an
                 Oratour
                 of
                 a
                 smart
                 and
                 copious
                 Eloquence
                 ,
                 was
                 so
                 like
                 a
                 Servant
                 of
                 the
                 Cymean●
                 ,
                 that
                 swept
                 the
                 Wrastling-School
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 eyes
                 of
                 Asia
                 took
                 him
                 for
                 his
                 own
                 Brother
                 ;
                 so
                 like
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 Lineaments
                 of
                 Face
                 and
                 Members
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 But
                 he
                 that
                 was
                 ●n
                 Sicily
                 so
                 like
                 the
                 Praetor
                 ,
                 was
                 of
                 a
                 petulant
                 disposition
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Proconsul
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   he
                   wonder'd
                   how
                   he
                   should
                   come
                   to
                   be
                   so
                   like
                   him
                   ,
                   when
                   his
                   Father
                   had
                   never
                   been
                   in
                   that
                   Countrey
                   ;
                   But
                   mine
                   ,
                
                 answered
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 
                   went
                   frequently
                   to
                
                 Rome
                 .
                 Revenging
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 the
                 injury
                 done
                 to
                 his
                 Mothers
                 Chastity
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 Suspition
                 thrown
                 upon
                 the
                 Mother
                 of
                 the
                 Proconsul
                 :
                 yet
                 more
                 boldly
                 than
                 become
                 a
                 man
                 that
                 was
                 under
                 the
                 Lash
                 and
                 Axe
                 of
                 Authority
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XV.
               Of
               those
               who
               by
               lying
               have
               thrust
               themselves
               into
               Families
               which
               they
               never
               belong'd
               ●o
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 L.
                 Equitius
                 Firmanus
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Erophilus
                 the
                 Farrier
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 
                   The
                   false
                   son
                   of
                
                 Octavia
                 Augustus's
                 Sister
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   The
                   false
                   son
                   of
                
                 Sertorius
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Trebellius
                 Calca
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 C.
                 Asinius
                 Dio
                 ,
                 false
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FORREIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Rubria
                 of
                 Millain
                 false
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Ariarathes
                 
                   the
                   false
                   King
                   of
                
                 Cappadocia
                 .
              
            
             
               THe
               former
               was
               a
               tolerable
               piece
               of
               Impudence
               ,
               and
               ●nly
               dangerous
               to
               himself
               .
               Tha●
               which
               follows
               is
               no
               way
               to
               be
               endur'd
               ,
               and
               not
               only
               privately
               ,
               but
               publickly
               dangerous
               .
            
             
             
               1.
               
               For
               that
               I
               my
               not
               omit
               Equiti●
               ;
               a
               Monster
               out
               of
               Firmum
               in
               Piceni
               ,
               whose
               manifest
               lye
               in
               counterfeiting
               himself
               the
               Son
               of
               
                 T.
                 Gracchus
              
               ,
               by
               the
               turbulent
               mistake
               of
               the
               Vulgar
               ,
               was
               defended
               by
               the
               power
               of
               the
               Tribune
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Herophilus
               the
               Farrier
               ,
               by
               claiming
               Marius
               seven
               times
               Consul
               for
               his
               Grandfather
               ,
               so
               set
               himself-forth
               ,
               that
               most
               of
               the
               Colonies
               of
               the
               Veterane
               Souldiers
               ,
               and
               noble
               free
               Towns
               ,
               ●dopted
               him
               for
               their
               Pat●on
               .
               Nay
               when
               Caesar
               ,
               having
               overcome
               young
               Pompey
               in
               Spain
               ,
               had
               admitted
               the
               people
               into
               his
               Garden
               ,
               he
               was
               saluted
               in
               the
               next
               space
               between
               the
               Pillars
               by
               the
               Multitude
               .
               And
               had
               not
               Caesar
               prudently
               prevented
               the
               storm
               ,
               the
               Commonwealth
               had
               suffer'd
               as
               much
               by
               him
               as
               by
               Equitius
               .
               But
               being
               banished
               out
               of
               Italy
               by
               him
               ,
               after
               he
               was
               taken
               into
               Heav●●
               ,
               the
               other
               return'd
               into
               the
               City
               ,
               and
               durst
               a●●●●pt
               to
               plot
               the
               killing
               of
               ●he
               Senate
               .
               For
               which
               re●son
               being
               by
               the
               command
               of
               the
               Fathers
               put
               to
               Death
               i●
               Prison
               ,
               he
               had
               the
               late
               reward
               of
               a
               quick
               intention
               to
               do
               mischief
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Neither
               was
               the
               Deity
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               Augustus
               himself
               ,
               ruling
               the
               world
               ,
               exempt
               from
               this
               kinde
               of
               Imposture
               :
               There
               being
               a
               certain
               person
               that
               durst
               to
               affirm
               himself
               born
               of
               the
               womb
               of
               his
               most
               dear
               Sister
               Octavi●
               ;
               saying
               ,
               that
               for
               the
               infirmity
               of
               his
               body
               ,
               he
               was
               put
               out
               to
               the
               person
               that
               bred
               him
               ,
               and
               his
               Son
               taken
               in
               it
               his
               stead
               .
               Thus
               at
               the
               same
               time
               endeavouring
               to
               d●prive
               a
               most
               sacred
               Family
               of
               the
               Memory
               of
               their
               ●rue
               Blood
               ,
               and
               to
               contaminate
               it
               with
               the
               contagion
               of
               a
               Lye.
               But
               while
               he
               soar'd
               to
               the
               utmost
               degree
               of
               boldness
               ,
               he
               was
               by
               Caesar
               condemn'd
               to
               the
               Gallies
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               There
               was
               also
               one
               who
               affirm'd
               himself
               to
               be
               the
               Son
               of
               
                 Q.
                 Sertorius
              
               ,
               whose
               Wife
               would
               by
               no
               means
               be
               compell'd
               to
               acknowledge
               him
               .
            
             
             
               5.
               
               
                 Tubellius
                 Cal●s
              
               ,
               how
               steds●stly
               did
               he
               justifie
               himself
               to
               be
               Clodius
               ▪
               And
               while
               he
               contended
               for
               his
               Estate
               ,
               was
               so
               favourably
               receiv'd
               by
               the
               Court
               of
               Judicature
               ,
               that
               the
               tumult
               o●
               the
               people
               would
               hardly
               give
               way
               for
               a
               just
               and
               legal
               Sentence
               .
               However
               ,
               the
               Constancy
               of
               the
               judges
               would
               not
               give
               way
               ,
               either
               to
               the
               Calumnies
               of
               the
               Claimer
               ,
               nor
               the
               fury
               of
               the
               People
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               Much
               more
               stoutly
               was
               that
               done
               by
               him
               ,
               who
               when
               
                 L.
                 Sylla
              
               rul'd
               in
               chief
               ,
               br●ke
               into
               the
               house
               of
               
                 Asiuius
                 Dio
              
               ,
               and
               expell'd
               his
               Son
               out
               of
               doors
               ,
               clamouring
               that
               it
               was
               he
               that
               was
               
               Dio's
               Son.
               But
               when
               
               Caesar's
               Equity
               had
               freed
               the
               Commonwealth
               from
               
               Sylla's
               Tyranny
               ,
               a
               juster
               Prince
               steering
               the
               helm
               of
               Government
               ,
               the
               Impostor
               died
               in
               Jail
               .
            
             
               
                 FORREIGNERS
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 While
                 the
                 same
                 Prince
                 governed
                 ,
                 the
                 Rashness
                 of
                 a
                 Woman
                 was
                 punish'd
                 at
                 Milan
                 ,
                 upon
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Imposture
                 .
                 For
                 attesting
                 herself
                 to
                 be
                 one
                 Rubria
                 ,
                 and
                 claiming
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 an
                 Estate
                 that
                 belong'd
                 not
                 to
                 her
                 ;
                 though
                 she
                 wanted
                 neither
                 favour
                 nor
                 Witnesses
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 invincible
                 Constancy
                 of
                 Caesar
                 disappointed
                 he●
                 of
                 her
                 hopes
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 same
                 person
                 compell'd
                 to
                 just
                 punishment
                 a
                 Barb●rian
                 ,
                 affecting
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Cappadocia
                 ,
                 and
                 affirming
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 Ariarathes
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 certainly
                 known
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 slain
                 by
                 
                   Mark
                   Antony
                
                 ;
                 th●ugh
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 he
                 had
                 deluded
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 and
                 People
                 of
                 the
                 East
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .