Herodian's history of the Roman emperors containing many strange and wonderful revolutions of state in Europe, Asia, and Africa : also, their most remarkable embassies, speeches, antiquities, &c. : together with the most solemn ceremonies us'd at the deification of the Roman emperors : with a character of the ancient Britains / done from the Greek by a gentleman at Oxford.
         History. English
         Herodian.
      
       
         
           1698
        
      
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         94482
         
           
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             Herodian's history of the Roman emperors containing many strange and wonderful revolutions of state in Europe, Asia, and Africa : also, their most remarkable embassies, speeches, antiquities, &c. : together with the most solemn ceremonies us'd at the deification of the Roman emperors : with a character of the ancient Britains / done from the Greek by a gentleman at Oxford.
             History. English
             Herodian.
             Gentleman at Oxford.
          
           [2], 421, [4] p.
           
             Printed for John Hartley ...,
             London :
             1698.
          
           
             Advertisements: p. [2-3] at end.
             Reproduction of original in Library of Congress.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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           Emperors -- Rome -- Early works to 1800.
           Emperor worship -- Rome -- Early works to 1800.
           Rome -- History -- Empire, 30 B.C.-284 A.D.
        
      
    
     
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           HERODIAN's
           HISTORY
           OF
           THE
           Roman
           Emperors
           ,
           Containing
           Many
           Strange
           and
           Wonderful
           Revolutions
           of
           State
           In
           
             Europe
             ,
             Asia
          
           ,
           and
           Africa
           .
           ALSO
           ,
           Their
           most
           Remarkable
           Embassies
           ,
           Speeches
           ,
           Antiquities
           ,
           &c.
           
           Together
           with
           The
           most
           Solemn
           Ceremonies
           us'd
           at
           the
           Deification
           of
           the
           Roman
           Emperors
           .
           With
           a
           Character
           of
           the
           Ancient
           Britains
           .
        
         
           Done
           from
           the
           Greek
           ,
           By
           a
           Gentleman
           at
           Oxford
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           for
           
             John
             Hartley
          
           ,
           over
           against
           Grays-Inn
           in
           Holborn
           .
           1698.
           
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           HERODIAN's
           HISTORY
           .
           BOOK
           I.
           
        
         
           
             The
             PREFACE
             .
          
           
             MOST
             Men
             that
             have
             spent
             their
             Time
             in
             Collecting
             Histories
             ,
             and
             retrieving
             the
             Memory
             of
             Things
             transacted
             long
             ago
             ,
             have
             made
             it
             their
             chief
             Business
             to
             transmit
             to
             future
             Ages
             the
             Fame
             of
             their
             own
             Learning
             ,
             to
             distinguish
             them
             in
             the
             Crowd
             of
             Authors
             .
             For
             which
             Reason
             they
             have
             not
             been
             so
             sollicitous
             about
             the
             Truth
             of
             the
             Things
             delivered
             ,
             as
             that
             they
             might
             be
             handed
             down
             to
             us
             with
             all
             the
             Advantages
             of
             
             Eloquence
             and
             Language
             ;
             perswading
             themselves
             ,
             that
             altho
             in
             reporting
             Matters
             of
             great
             Antiquity
             ,
             some
             Part
             of
             their
             Story
             should
             be
             Fabulous
             ,
             yet
             the
             Reader
             would
             be
             charm'd
             with
             their
             Eloquence
             ,
             nor
             would
             the
             Truth
             of
             what
             they
             related
             be
             call'd
             in
             Question
             .
             Others
             again
             ,
             out
             of
             a
             private
             Pique
             and
             Hatred
             to
             Tyrants
             ,
             or
             in
             flattering
             Princes
             ,
             Private
             Persons
             ,
             or
             Communities
             ,
             have
             stamp'd
             too
             great
             a
             Character
             upon
             mean
             and
             little
             Actions
             .
          
           
             But
             as
             for
             my
             Part
             ,
             I
             report
             Things
             not
             taken
             upon
             Trust
             from
             others
             ,
             having
             few
             Witnesses
             ,
             and
             little
             Authority
             to
             support
             them
             ,
             but
             such
             as
             are
             fresh
             in
             the
             Memories
             of
             all
             Men
             ,
             which
             I
             have
             collected
             with
             great
             Care
             and
             Fidelity
             in
             the
             ensuing
             Memoirs
             ,
             hoping
             that
             the
             Knowledge
             of
             those
             great
             and
             many
             Occurrences
             which
             have
             hapned
             within
             the
             Compass
             of
             a
             few
             Years
             ,
             will
             not
             be
             unwelcom
             to
             Posterity
             .
             For
             if
             we
             look
             back
             as
             far
             as
             the
             Reign
             of
             Augustus
             ,
             from
             whence
             we
             date
             the
             Roman
             Monarchy
             ,
             and
             from
             thence
             down
             to
             the
             Times
             
             of
             Marcus
             ,
             which
             is
             about
             Two
             hundred
             Years
             ,
             we
             shall
             not
             find
             so
             many
             Changes
             in
             the
             Succession
             to
             the
             Empire
             ,
             such
             various
             Events
             of
             Foreign
             and
             Civil
             Wars
             ,
             such
             Commotions
             of
             Nations
             ,
             Reductions
             of
             Towns
             ,
             both
             Roman
             and
             Barbarous
             ,
             such
             Earthquakes
             ,
             Plagues
             ,
             Lives
             of
             Princes
             so
             monstrously
             extravagant
             ,
             that
             former
             Ages
             are
             scarce
             able
             to
             furnish
             a
             Parallel
             .
             Some
             of
             these
             enjoy'd
             the
             Empire
             a
             long
             Time
             ,
             but
             the
             Power
             of
             others
             was
             but
             short-liv'd
             :
             Nay
             ,
             there
             are
             Instances
             of
             those
             that
             were
             only
             just
             declar'd
             Emperors
             ,
             and
             lost
             the
             Power
             the
             same
             Day
             :
             For
             in
             Sixty
             Years
             there
             having
             been
             more
             Emperors
             of
             Rome
             than
             can
             be
             allow'd
             in
             common
             Computation
             for
             so
             short
             a
             Period
             of
             Time
             ,
             many
             Things
             hapned
             which
             may
             deserve
             our
             Admiration
             .
             The
             more
             aged
             Emperors
             ,
             being
             Men
             of
             Experience
             in
             Affairs
             ,
             govern'd
             both
             themselves
             and
             their
             Subjects
             with
             great
             Caution
             and
             Diligence
             ;
             but
             others
             coming
             young
             to
             the
             Crown
             ,
             abandon'd
             themselves
             to
             Ease
             and
             Pleasure
             ;
             and
             
             in
             these
             a
             Spirit
             of
             Innovation
             was
             very
             prevalent
             ;
             and
             from
             this
             Disparity
             in
             their
             Age
             and
             Measures
             of
             Government
             ,
             arose
             great
             Variety
             in
             their
             Actions
             and
             Manners
             .
             These
             Things
             I
             shall
             relate
             in
             Order
             ,
             having
             regard
             to
             the
             Time
             and
             Reign
             wherein
             they
             were
             done
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             AN
             EPITOME
             OF
             THE
             First
             Book
             .
          
           
             THE
             Emperor
             Marcus
             being
             taken
             with
             a
             Fit
             of
             Sickness
             ,
             and
             fearing
             lest
             his
             Son
             Commodus
             should
             degenerate
             from
             the
             Vertue
             of
             his
             Ancestors
             ,
             as
             Princes
             usually
             do
             ,
             he
             commits
             him
             to
             the
             Care
             and
             Guardianship
             of
             his
             Friends
             and
             Relations
             ,
             and
             dies
             .
             Commodus
             succeeds
             him
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             Beginning
             of
             his
             Reign
             all
             things
             are
             duly
             and
             regularly
             administred
             ;
             but
             afterwards
             being
             corrupted
             by
             Flatterers
             ,
             he
             leaves
             the
             Pannonian
             War
             unfinish'd
             ,
             and
             resolves
             for
             Rome
             ,
             notwithstanding
             the
             Disswasions
             of
             Pompeianus
             .
             At
             Rome
             he
             is
             receiv'd
             with
             Publick
             Rejoycings
             ,
             and
             having
             
             visited
             the
             Temples
             ,
             and
             return'd
             Thanks
             to
             the
             Senate
             ,
             he
             goes
             back
             to
             his
             Palace
             .
             Then
             he
             appoints
             Perennius
             ,
             a
             Man
             sordidly
             Covetous
             ,
             to
             the
             Management
             of
             Publick
             Affairs
             ,
             and
             abandons
             himself
             wholly
             to
             his
             Pleasures
             .
             His
             Person
             was
             comely
             ,
             his
             Diversions
             various
             ,
             as
             Hunting
             ,
             Fencing
             ,
             Chariot
             driving
             ,
             &c.
             
             But
             at
             last
             he
             arriv'd
             at
             that
             Pitch
             of
             Madness
             ,
             that
             he
             commanded
             the
             People
             to
             call
             him
             Hercules
             the
             Son
             of
             Jupiter
             :
             And
             having
             call'd
             the
             Months
             after
             his
             own
             Name
             ,
             he
             order'd
             his
             Statues
             to
             be
             erected
             in
             all
             the
             Parts
             of
             the
             City
             .
             Then
             he
             chang'd
             his
             Name
             a
             second
             time
             ,
             and
             took
             up
             the
             Name
             and
             Family
             of
             a
             certain
             Gladiator
             deceas'd
             .
             The
             Calamities
             of
             those
             Times
             were
             look'd
             upon
             as
             Judgments
             from
             Heaven
             ,
             punishing
             the
             Wickedness
             of
             the
             Prince
             in
             the
             Miseries
             of
             the
             People
             :
             Such
             as
             was
             a
             great
             Plague
             ,
             in
             which
             he
             himself
             retir'd
             to
             Laurentum
             ;
             and
             a
             Famine
             ,
             occasion'd
             by
             
             Cleander's
             buying
             up
             the
             Corn.
             His
             Sister
             Lucilla
             first
             form'd
             a
             Design
             against
             his
             Life
             ,
             after
             her
             Perennius
             ,
             then
             Maternus
             ,
             and
             last
             
             of
             all
             his
             Concubine
             Marcia
             ,
             by
             whose
             Advice
             he
             was
             first
             poyson'd
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             strangled
             ,
             in
             the
             Calends
             of
             January
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             First
             Book
             .
          
           
             THE
             Emperor
             Marcus
             had
             a
             great
             many
             Daughters
             ,
             but
             only
             two
             Sons
             ;
             the
             one
             ,
             call'd
             Verissimus
             ,
             died
             very
             young
             ;
             he
             that
             surviv'd
             was
             named
             Commodus
             :
             Him
             his
             Father
             educated
             with
             all
             the
             Care
             imaginable
             ,
             drawing
             together
             from
             the
             most
             remote
             Parts
             ,
             by
             the
             Offers
             of
             considerable
             Pensions
             ,
             Men
             famous
             for
             their
             Learning
             ,
             that
             being
             always
             with
             his
             Son
             ,
             they
             might
             instruct
             him
             in
             whatever
             was
             proper
             for
             him
             to
             know
             .
             His
             Daughters
             ,
             after
             they
             were
             of
             convenient
             Age
             ,
             he
             married
             to
             the
             most
             Considerable
             Men
             in
             the
             Senate
             ,
             not
             so
             much
             regarding
             in
             the
             Choice
             of
             a
             Son-in-Law
             ,
             Ancientness
             of
             Family
             ,
             or
             Largeness
             of
             Fortune
             ,
             as
             Probity
             of
             Manners
             ,
             and
             Innocency
             of
             
             Life
             ;
             looking
             upon
             the
             Endowments
             of
             the
             Mind
             as
             the
             only
             true
             and
             lasting
             Blessings
             .
          
           
             He
             liv'd
             in
             the
             constant
             Practice
             of
             all
             Sorts
             of
             Vertues
             ;
             he
             was
             a
             great
             Lover
             and
             successful
             Studier
             of
             Antiquity
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             he
             surpass'd
             most
             of
             the
             Greeks
             and
             Romans
             of
             his
             Time
             ;
             the
             Truth
             whereof
             is
             attested
             by
             those
             Learned
             Remains
             which
             he
             left
             behind
             him
             ,
             which
             are
             yet
             in
             being
             amongst
             us
             .
             As
             to
             his
             Behaviour
             ,
             he
             was
             extremely
             civil
             and
             courteous
             to
             all
             Men
             ;
             he
             shook
             Hands
             familiarly
             with
             all
             that
             came
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             commanded
             his
             Guards
             not
             to
             deny
             any
             Man
             Access
             to
             him
             that
             desir'd
             it
             .
             He
             is
             the
             only
             Prince
             that
             was
             a
             Philosopher
             ,
             not
             in
             Notion
             and
             Speculation
             ,
             but
             in
             his
             Conversation
             and
             P●●ctice
             ;
             and
             hence
             it
             was
             that
             that
             Age
             produc●d
             so
             many
             Wise
             Men
             ;
             for
             Subjects
             usually
             propose
             their
             Prince
             for
             their
             Imitation
             ,
             and
             still
             Copy
             after
             that
             Great
             Original
             .
          
           
             Whatever
             therefore
             Marcus
             did
             ,
             either
             at
             home
             or
             abroad
             ,
             that
             may
             deserve
             
             the
             Praise
             of
             Courage
             or
             Conduct
             ,
             and
             how
             he
             behav'd
             himself
             against
             the
             Northern
             and
             Eastern
             Nations
             ,
             is
             abundantly
             recorded
             in
             the
             learned
             Labours
             of
             others
             :
             But
             as
             for
             all
             those
             Things
             which
             since
             the
             Death
             of
             Marcus
             ,
             in
             the
             whole
             Course
             of
             my
             Life
             I
             have
             heard
             or
             seen
             ,
             some
             whereof
             I
             have
             had
             more
             particular
             Experience
             of
             ,
             as
             being
             in
             Publick
             Employments
             at
             the
             Time
             ,
             These
             I
             have
             undertaken
             to
             deliver
             down
             to
             Posterity
             .
          
           
             Marcus
             being
             now
             weakned
             with
             Age
             ,
             and
             spent
             with
             the
             Cares
             and
             Fatigues
             of
             Government
             ,
             whilst
             he
             was
             in
             Pannonia
             was
             seiz'd
             with
             a
             violent
             Fit
             of
             Sickness
             ,
             and
             perceiving
             himself
             to
             be
             past
             Hopes
             of
             Recovery
             ,
             was
             very
             sollicitous
             upon
             the
             Account
             of
             his
             Son
             ,
             who
             was
             now
             entring
             upon
             the
             State
             of
             Manhood
             ,
             fearing
             lest
             in
             the
             Heat
             and
             Fervour
             of
             Youth
             ,
             being
             freed
             from
             the
             Influence
             a
             Father's
             Authority
             might
             have
             over
             him
             ,
             and
             set
             at
             large
             from
             every
             Thing
             that
             might
             restrain
             him
             ,
             he
             should
             disdain
             all
             honest
             and
             sober
             Discipline
             ,
             and
             give
             himself
             over
             to
             Intemperance
             
             and
             Riot
             :
             For
             the
             Minds
             of
             Youths
             are
             apt
             to
             fall
             from
             Sobriety
             and
             Vertue
             into
             the
             contrary
             Extremes
             .
          
           
             Besides
             ,
             being
             a
             Man
             of
             great
             Reading
             and
             Experience
             ,
             he
             was
             the
             more
             apprehensive
             ,
             in
             regard
             of
             the
             many
             Miscarriages
             of
             Princes
             that
             came
             young
             to
             the
             Crown
             ;
             such
             as
             was
             Dionysius
             ,
             a
             Man
             so
             wholly
             devoted
             to
             sensual
             Pleasures
             ,
             that
             he
             encourag'd
             with
             great
             Rewards
             the
             Invention
             of
             all
             Things
             that
             tended
             to
             the
             Improvement
             thereof
             .
             Such
             were
             the
             Successors
             of
             Alexander
             ,
             whose
             Abuse
             of
             their
             Power
             ,
             and
             Oppression
             of
             their
             Subjects
             ,
             reflected
             a
             lasting
             Infamy
             upon
             his
             Empire
             ;
             especially
             Ptolemy
             was
             so
             scandalously
             wicked
             ,
             that
             contrary
             to
             the
             known
             Laws
             of
             the
             Greeks
             and
             Macedonians
             ,
             he
             committed
             Incest
             with
             his
             Sister
             :
             And
             Antigonus
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             represent
             Bacchus
             in
             all
             his
             Extravagances
             ,
             debas'd
             his
             Scepter
             into
             a
             Thyrse
             ,
             and
             his
             Macedonian
             Diadem
             into
             a
             Chaplet
             of
             Ivy.
             
          
           
             His
             Fears
             were
             also
             encreas'd
             by
             Examples
             of
             a
             later
             Date
             ;
             as
             by
             that
             of
             
             Nero
             ,
             who
             with
             unheard-of
             Impiety
             murther'd
             his
             Mother
             ,
             expos'd
             himself
             publickly
             ,
             and
             turn'd
             Buffoon
             to
             make
             Sport
             for
             the
             People
             :
             As
             likewise
             by
             
             Domitian's
             ,
             who
             equall'd
             the
             greatest
             Tyrants
             in
             Inhumanity
             and
             Cruelty
             .
             Having
             these
             Images
             of
             Tyranny
             in
             his
             Mind
             ,
             he
             was
             distracted
             between
             Hope
             and
             Fear
             :
             But
             the
             Germans
             ,
             a
             Neighbouring
             Nation
             ,
             which
             he
             had
             not
             entirely
             conquer'd
             ,
             encreas'd
             not
             a
             little
             his
             Anxiety
             .
             Some
             of
             these
             had
             been
             perswaded
             to
             enter
             into
             a
             League
             with
             him
             ;
             others
             he
             had
             subdu'd
             by
             force
             of
             Arms
             :
             But
             some
             there
             were
             whom
             the
             Terror
             of
             his
             Arms
             had
             dispers'd
             only
             for
             the
             present
             ;
             these
             he
             thought
             ,
             taking
             advantage
             of
             the
             Minority
             of
             the
             Prince
             ,
             might
             renew
             the
             War
             :
             For
             't
             is
             the
             Custom
             of
             the
             Barbarians
             to
             take
             up
             Arms
             upon
             every
             little
             Opportunity
             or
             advantageous
             Conjuncture
             .
             Lying
             under
             this
             Distraction
             ,
             he
             order'd
             such
             of
             his
             Friends
             and
             Relations
             as
             were
             near
             his
             Person
             to
             be
             sent
             for
             ,
             and
             after
             they
             were
             come
             together
             in
             his
             Presence
             ,
             he
             
             plac'd
             his
             Son
             before
             them
             ,
             and
             raising
             himself
             from
             his
             Bed
             ,
             spoke
             to
             this
             effect
             .
          
           
             I
             don't
             wonder
             ,
             Gentlemen
             ,
             that
             you
             seem
             concern'd
             to
             see
             me
             in
             this
             Condition
             ;
             for
             Humane
             Nature
             is
             apt
             to
             be
             touch'd
             with
             other
             Mens
             Calamities
             ,
             those
             still
             affecting
             us
             the
             most
             sensibly
             to
             which
             we
             are
             Eye-witnesses
             .
             But
             besides
             common
             Humanity
             ,
             there
             are
             other
             Reasons
             for
             your
             Compassion
             at
             this
             Time
             ;
             that
             Love
             and
             Affection
             for
             you
             which
             I
             feel
             so
             plainly
             within
             my self
             ,
             makes
             me
             hope
             ,
             nay
             challenge
             a
             Return
             of
             Kindness
             from
             you
             .
             And
             now
             ,
             Gentlemen
             ,
             is
             the
             Time
             for
             me
             to
             see
             whether
             or
             no
             I
             have
             bestow'd
             that
             Time
             in
             vain
             which
             I
             have
             spent
             in
             honouring
             and
             serving
             you
             ,
             and
             for
             you
             to
             make
             your
             Acknowledgments
             ,
             and
             shew
             that
             you
             are
             not
             unmindful
             of
             the
             good
             Offices
             I
             have
             done
             you
             .
             You
             see
             my
             Son
             ,
             whom
             your selves
             have
             educated
             ,
             entring
             upon
             the
             Estate
             of
             Manhood
             ,
             and
             standing
             in
             need
             of
             a
             Pilot
             to
             direct
             him
             (
             if
             I
             may
             so
             call
             it
             )
             in
             the
             Ocean
             of
             Life
             ,
             lest
             through
             Unexperience
             of
             Affairs
             ,
             he
             be
             betray'd
             
             into
             sinful
             and
             dishonest
             Courses
             .
             I
             entreat
             you
             therefore
             ,
             instead
             of
             one
             ,
             be
             to
             him
             many
             Fathers
             ,
             in
             instructing
             and
             advising
             whatever
             is
             requisite
             for
             him
             to
             know
             or
             to
             do
             :
             For
             it
             is
             not
             in
             the
             Power
             of
             Riches
             to
             satisfie
             the
             boundless
             Appetites
             of
             Tyrants
             ;
             nor
             can
             Troops
             of
             Guards
             ,
             how
             numerous
             soever
             ,
             stave
             off
             Dangers
             from
             a
             Prince
             ,
             that
             has
             not
             gain'd
             the
             Love
             and
             Affections
             of
             his
             People
             .
             Those
             only
             enjoy
             long
             and
             happy
             Reigns
             ,
             that
             are
             rather
             belov'd
             for
             their
             Gentleness
             ,
             than
             fear'd
             for
             their
             Cruelty
             :
             And
             those
             Mens
             Services
             only
             that
             obey
             out
             of
             Choice
             ,
             not
             Necessity
             ,
             are
             free
             from
             the
             Suspicion
             of
             Artifice
             and
             Design
             .
             These
             Men
             are
             Loyal
             at
             the
             bottom
             ,
             and
             never
             depart
             from
             their
             Duty
             unless
             they
             are
             provok'd
             to
             it
             by
             some
             violent
             and
             contumelious
             Usage
             .
             But
             't
             is
             hard
             for
             Men
             to
             set
             Bounds
             to
             their
             Passions
             ,
             where
             there
             are
             none
             to
             their
             Power
             .
             Sound
             therefore
             in
             his
             Ears
             the
             Precepts
             of
             Vertue
             and
             Goodness
             ,
             and
             remind
             him
             often
             of
             the
             Things
             he
             has
             heard
             this
             Day
             ,
             and
             hereby
             you
             will
             make
             your selves
             happy
             in
             a
             Prince
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             same
             Time
             will
             do
             the
             greatest
             Honour
             to
             my
             
             Memory
             ,
             which
             by
             this
             Means
             you
             will
             make
             Immortal
             .
          
           
             After
             he
             had
             spoke
             these
             Words
             ,
             his
             Strength
             fail'd
             him
             ,
             and
             being
             unable
             to
             support
             himself
             in
             that
             Posture
             ,
             he
             sunk
             gently
             into
             Bed.
             This
             affected
             the
             Company
             so
             extremely
             ,
             that
             some
             of
             them
             broke
             out
             into
             undecent
             Out-cries
             .
             He
             liv'd
             afterwards
             a
             Day
             and
             a
             Night
             ,
             and
             then
             died
             ,
             to
             the
             unspeakable
             Grief
             and
             Affliction
             of
             all
             Men
             ,
             leaving
             behind
             him
             the
             Memory
             of
             his
             Vertues
             ,
             which
             all
             Ages
             will
             have
             in
             veneration
             .
             After
             he
             was
             dead
             ,
             and
             the
             Report
             thereof
             was
             spread
             abroad
             ,
             the
             whole
             Soldiery
             and
             Commons
             were
             seiz'd
             with
             a
             general
             Sorrow
             ,
             and
             a
             certain
             Air
             of
             Melancholy
             appear'd
             in
             all
             the
             Parts
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             none
             receiving
             the
             fatal
             News
             without
             Tears
             .
             All
             Men
             bewail'd
             the
             Publick
             Calamity
             ,
             and
             ,
             as
             they
             were
             variously
             influenc'd
             ,
             lamented
             the
             Loss
             of
             their
             Prince
             ,
             under
             the
             different
             Characters
             of
             a
             Kind
             Father
             ,
             a
             Valiant
             General
             ,
             a
             Gentle
             and
             Prudent
             Governour
             ;
             
             and
             so
             many
             were
             the
             excellent
             Qualities
             of
             this
             Emperor
             ,
             that
             they
             justified
             all
             these
             Complaints
             .
          
           
             After
             the
             Ceremonies
             of
             the
             Emperor's
             Interment
             were
             over
             ,
             the
             young
             Prince's
             Friends
             thought
             fit
             to
             bring
             him
             into
             the
             Camp
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             Harangue
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             and
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             usual
             for
             Emperors
             upon
             their
             Accession
             to
             the
             Empire
             ,
             engage
             their
             Hearts
             to
             him
             by
             the
             Magnificence
             of
             a
             Donative
             .
             So
             publick
             Notice
             was
             given
             that
             they
             should
             assemble
             in
             the
             usual
             Place
             ,
             at
             which
             Time
             Commodus
             came
             ,
             and
             having
             sacrific'd
             to
             the
             Gods
             ,
             ascended
             a
             Bench
             of
             State
             ,
             erected
             for
             that
             purpose
             in
             the
             middle
             of
             the
             Camp
             ;
             and
             ,
             his
             Father's
             Friends
             standing
             around
             him
             ,
             many
             of
             which
             were
             Persons
             of
             great
             Learning
             ,
             he
             deliver'd
             himself
             to
             the
             following
             Effect
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     COMMODUS
                     his
                     SPEECH
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     Am
                     perswaded
                     ,
                     Gentlemen
                     ,
                     you
                     are
                     as
                     much
                     affected
                     as
                     I
                     can
                     be
                     with
                     this
                     unhappy
                     Accident
                     .
                     My
                     Father
                     lov'd
                     us
                     all
                     
                     equally
                     ,
                     and
                     while
                     he
                     was
                     alive
                     we
                     all
                     stood
                     upon
                     a
                     Level
                     ;
                     and
                     I
                     remember
                     he
                     was
                     always
                     more
                     pleas'd
                     with
                     calling
                     me
                     Fellow-Soldier
                     than
                     Son
                     ,
                     because
                     this
                     denoted
                     only
                     a
                     Natural
                     Relation
                     ,
                     but
                     that
                     a
                     Communication
                     of
                     Vertue
                     :
                     And
                     carrying
                     me
                     in
                     his
                     Arms
                     when
                     I
                     was
                     a
                     Child
                     ,
                     would
                     often
                     put
                     me
                     into
                     your
                     Hands
                     ,
                     and
                     commit
                     me
                     as
                     it
                     were
                     to
                     your
                     Faith
                     and
                     Protection
                     .
                     For
                     which
                     Reasons
                     I
                     assure
                     my self
                     of
                     your
                     Good-will
                     and
                     Affections
                     ,
                     seeing
                     by
                     the
                     Elder
                     sort
                     of
                     you
                     I
                     have
                     been
                     educated
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     the
                     Younger
                     I
                     have
                     been
                     all
                     along
                     a
                     Fellow-Scholar
                     in
                     Feats
                     of
                     Arms.
                     For
                     my
                     Father
                     having
                     an
                     equal
                     Kindness
                     for
                     us
                     all
                     ,
                     took
                     the
                     same
                     Care
                     of
                     our
                     Institution
                     in
                     every
                     Thing
                     that
                     was
                     honest
                     or
                     praise
                     worthy
                     .
                     Upon
                     his
                     Decease
                     Chance
                     has
                     cast
                     the
                     Sovereignty
                     upon
                     me
                     ,
                     being
                     no
                     Stranger
                     to
                     the
                     Imperial
                     Line
                     ,
                     nor
                     Lording
                     it
                     in
                     a
                     new-gotten
                     Throne
                     ,
                     as
                     those
                     have
                     done
                     that
                     went
                     before
                     me
                     .
                     I
                     am
                     your
                     only
                     Prince
                     that
                     have
                     been
                     born
                     and
                     bred
                     up
                     in
                     the
                     Imperial
                     Court
                     ,
                     untainted
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     may
                     say
                     ,
                     with
                     Private
                     Education
                     :
                     The
                     Royal
                     Purple
                     receiv'd
                     me
                     at
                     my
                     coming
                     into
                     the
                     World
                     ,
                     and
                     I
                     commenc'd
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     Man
                     and
                     Prince
                     .
                     
                     Reflect
                     upon
                     these
                     Things
                     ,
                     and
                     love
                     and
                     honour
                     your
                     Emperor
                     ,
                     who
                     is
                     not
                     the
                     Creature
                     of
                     a
                     Faction
                     ,
                     but
                     claims
                     the
                     Empire
                     of
                     the
                     World
                     by
                     Blood
                     and
                     Birth-right
                     .
                     My
                     Father
                     is
                     taken
                     up
                     into
                     Heaven
                     ,
                     and
                     has
                     taken
                     his
                     Place
                     among
                     the
                     Gods.
                     The
                     Care
                     and
                     Administration
                     of
                     Humane
                     Affairs
                     is
                     left
                     in
                     my
                     Hands
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     successful
                     Discharge
                     of
                     so
                     important
                     a
                     Trust
                     will
                     depend
                     entirely
                     upon
                     you
                     .
                     Now
                     if
                     we
                     prosecute
                     with
                     vigour
                     the
                     Remainder
                     of
                     the
                     War
                     ,
                     and
                     enlarge
                     the
                     Roman
                     Empire
                     by
                     our
                     Conquests
                     ,
                     till
                     it
                     stretch
                     it self
                     to
                     the
                     Ocean
                     ,
                     not
                     only
                     each
                     Man
                     will
                     have
                     the
                     Glory
                     of
                     his
                     respective
                     Atchievements
                     ,
                     but
                     we
                     shall
                     all
                     in
                     some
                     measure
                     honour
                     the
                     Memory
                     of
                     our
                     Common
                     Father
                     ,
                     who
                     hears
                     and
                     sees
                     in
                     his
                     exalted
                     State
                     all
                     we
                     say
                     or
                     do
                     here
                     below
                     ;
                     and
                     happy
                     we
                     ,
                     that
                     have
                     such
                     a
                     Witness
                     to
                     our
                     Actions
                     !
                     And
                     know
                     ,
                     Gentlemen
                     ,
                     you
                     have
                     stronger
                     Inducements
                     to
                     be
                     valiant
                     now
                     than
                     ever
                     ;
                     for
                     in
                     my
                     Father's
                     Life
                     time
                     the
                     Glory
                     of
                     all
                     Great
                     Actions
                     was
                     attributed
                     to
                     his
                     Wisdom
                     and
                     Counsels
                     :
                     But
                     under
                     me
                     ,
                     a
                     young
                     unexperienc'd
                     Prince
                     ,
                     your
                     Courage
                     and
                     Bravery
                     will
                     be
                     the
                     most
                     conspicuous
                     ,
                     there
                     being
                     no
                     
                     Abatement
                     to
                     be
                     made
                     upon
                     the
                     score
                     of
                     a
                     General
                     .
                     Besides
                     ,
                     your
                     Valour
                     at
                     this
                     time
                     will
                     have
                     another
                     good
                     Effect
                     ,
                     't
                     will
                     gain
                     Authority
                     to
                     my
                     Youth
                     ,
                     and
                     make
                     me
                     formidable
                     to
                     the
                     Barbarians
                     ,
                     who
                     ,
                     if
                     vigorously
                     repuls'd
                     in
                     the
                     Beginning
                     of
                     my
                     Reign
                     ,
                     will
                     not
                     only
                     be
                     quieted
                     for
                     the
                     present
                     ,
                     but
                     restrain'd
                     also
                     from
                     the
                     like
                     Attempts
                     for
                     the
                     future
                     .
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             Having
             thus
             spoke
             ,
             he
             gave
             great
             Sums
             of
             Money
             to
             endear
             the
             Soldiery
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             return'd
             to
             his
             Palace
             .
          
           
             'T
             was
             but
             a
             short
             time
             that
             the
             late
             Emperor's
             Friends
             had
             the
             Superintendency
             of
             Publick
             Affairs
             ;
             during
             which
             Time
             ,
             they
             were
             always
             with
             the
             young
             Prince
             ,
             giving
             him
             good
             Advices
             and
             Instructions
             ,
             and
             allowing
             him
             no
             more
             Time
             for
             Recreations
             than
             was
             thought
             requisite
             for
             his
             Health
             :
             But
             after
             a
             while
             ,
             some
             of
             the
             Courtiers
             insinuating
             themselves
             into
             his
             Acquaintance
             ,
             endeavour'd
             to
             debauch
             him
             .
             These
             were
             your
             Table-Flatterers
             ,
             that
             make
             Sensual
             Pleasure
             the
             Measure
             of
             Happiness
             .
             
             They
             would
             often
             take
             occasion
             to
             commend
             to
             him
             the
             Way
             of
             Living
             in
             Rome
             ,
             telling
             him
             of
             the
             Plays
             ,
             Musick-meetings
             ,
             and
             other
             Diversions
             of
             the
             Town
             ,
             and
             generally
             of
             the
             Plenty
             of
             all
             Things
             conducing
             to
             the
             Pleasure
             or
             Convenience
             of
             Life
             .
             On
             the
             other
             Hand
             ,
             they
             cry'd
             down
             at
             the
             greatest
             Rate
             imaginable
             the
             Country
             about
             the
             Ister
             ,
             as
             well
             for
             the
             Barenness
             of
             the
             Soil
             ,
             as
             the
             perpetual
             Rigour
             and
             Cloudiness
             of
             the
             Weather
             :
             and
             would
             often
             be
             saying
             to
             him
             ,
             How
             long
             will
             Your
             Majesty
             take
             up
             with
             frozen
             muddy
             Water
             ,
             whilst
             others
             enjoy
             the
             warm
             Baths
             and
             cool
             Streams
             ,
             with
             the
             Air
             ,
             and
             refreshing
             Breezes
             so
             peculiar
             to
             Italy
             ?
             With
             these
             and
             the
             like
             Suggestions
             they
             rais'd
             unruly
             Appetites
             in
             the
             Youth
             :
             So
             he
             call'd
             his
             Friends
             together
             ,
             and
             gave
             them
             to
             understand
             ,
             he
             had
             a
             great
             Inclination
             to
             visit
             his
             Native
             Country
             ;
             but
             was
             asham'd
             to
             discover
             the
             Reasons
             inducing
             him
             thereto
             ,
             and
             pretended
             violent
             Apprehensions
             of
             Danger
             from
             some
             of
             
             the
             Nobility
             ,
             that
             might
             seize
             the
             Imperial
             Palace
             ,
             and
             drawing
             together
             a
             Body
             of
             Men
             ,
             might
             as
             it
             were
             from
             a
             well-fortified
             Castle
             attack
             the
             Empire
             ;
             adding
             withall
             ,
             That
             there
             might
             be
             a
             sufficient
             Force
             rais'd
             out
             of
             the
             People
             for
             the
             effecting
             such
             an
             Enterprise
             .
          
           
             All
             Men
             were
             in
             perfect
             Amazement
             to
             hear
             him
             talk
             in
             this
             manner
             ,
             but
             durst
             not
             speak
             their
             Thoughts
             to
             him
             upon
             so
             tender
             a
             Point
             ;
             till
             Pompeianus
             ,
             the
             eldest
             of
             the
             Company
             ,
             and
             one
             that
             might
             challenge
             more
             Authority
             over
             him
             than
             the
             rest
             ,
             in
             regard
             of
             his
             Alliance
             to
             him
             ,
             having
             marry'd
             his
             eldest
             Sister
             ,
             spoke
             to
             him
             in
             these
             Words
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     POMPEIANUS
                     his
                     SPEECH
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     Don't
                     wonder
                     ,
                     my
                     Lord
                     ,
                     that
                     you
                     desire
                     so
                     passionately
                     to
                     see
                     your
                     Native
                     Country
                     :
                     We
                     our selves
                     desire
                     it
                     as
                     much
                     as
                     you
                     ;
                     but
                     cannot
                     comply
                     with
                     our
                     Inclinations
                     at
                     this
                     time
                     ,
                     because
                     Matters
                     of
                     a
                     more
                     pressing
                     and
                     important
                     Nature
                     require
                     our
                     Stay.
                     As
                     for
                     the
                     Satisfaction
                     of
                     living
                     at
                     
                     Home
                     ,
                     you
                     may
                     enjoy
                     it
                     more
                     securely
                     hereafter
                     ;
                     tho'
                     indeed
                     every
                     Place
                     is
                     Rome
                     where
                     the
                     Emperor
                     has
                     his
                     Court.
                     But
                     to
                     leave
                     the
                     War
                     unprosecuted
                     ,
                     will
                     not
                     only
                     be
                     a
                     Dishonour
                     to
                     our
                     Empire
                     ,
                     but
                     may
                     be
                     also
                     of
                     dangerous
                     Consequence
                     :
                     For
                     it
                     will
                     animate
                     the
                     Barbarians
                     to
                     new
                     Attempts
                     ;
                     who
                     will
                     think
                     us
                     rather
                     influenc'd
                     by
                     our
                     Fears
                     ,
                     than
                     any
                     Regards
                     to
                     our
                     Country
                     ,
                     in
                     this
                     sudden
                     Removal
                     .
                     On
                     the
                     other
                     Hand
                     ,
                     consider
                     how
                     Glorious
                     it
                     will
                     be
                     for
                     you
                     ,
                     after
                     a
                     total
                     Defeat
                     of
                     your
                     Enemies
                     ,
                     and
                     Enlargement
                     of
                     your
                     Empire
                     as
                     far
                     as
                     the
                     Ocean
                     ,
                     to
                     return
                     in
                     Triumph
                     to
                     your
                     Country
                     ,
                     pompously
                     attended
                     by
                     Kings
                     and
                     Nobles
                     in
                     Chains
                     ?
                     These
                     Things
                     made
                     the
                     Ancient
                     Romans
                     so
                     much
                     Celebrated
                     in
                     all
                     Ages
                     .
                     And
                     as
                     for
                     the
                     Jealousie
                     you
                     have
                     entertain'd
                     of
                     some
                     of
                     the
                     Nobility
                     ,
                     't
                     is
                     altogether
                     groundless
                     ,
                     and
                     you
                     need
                     apprehend
                     nothing
                     from
                     that
                     Side
                     ,
                     for
                     here
                     are
                     the
                     most
                     Eminent
                     Persons
                     of
                     the
                     Senate
                     ,
                     here
                     is
                     the
                     Imperial
                     Treasure
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     whole
                     Military
                     Force
                     of
                     the
                     Empire
                     ,
                     bravely
                     venturing
                     Life
                     and
                     Fortune
                     in
                     Defence
                     of
                     it
                     .
                     And
                     besides
                     ,
                     your
                     Father's
                     Memory
                     has
                     confirm'd
                     to
                     you
                     the
                     Love
                     and
                     Loyalty
                     of
                     all
                     Men.
                     
                  
                
              
            
          
           
           
             This
             Speech
             of
             Pompeianus
             diverted
             the
             young
             Prince
             ,
             and
             shook
             his
             Resolutions
             for
             the
             present
             .
             The
             Words
             of
             the
             Old
             Man
             weighed
             much
             with
             him
             ,
             and
             at
             this
             Time
             he
             had
             nothing
             to
             alledge
             to
             justifie
             his
             Intention
             .
             Therefore
             he
             dismiss'd
             his
             Friends
             ,
             and
             told
             them
             he
             would
             consider
             of
             it
             :
             But
             at
             last
             being
             overcome
             by
             the
             Importunity
             of
             his
             Courtiers
             ,
             he
             would
             no
             longer
             consult
             his
             Friends
             ,
             but
             immediately
             sent
             Letters
             to
             Rome
             ,
             to
             signifie
             his
             Resolution
             to
             return
             ;
             and
             having
             appointed
             such
             Persons
             as
             he
             thought
             fit
             ,
             to
             guard
             the
             Banks
             of
             the
             Ister
             ,
             and
             restrain
             the
             Incursions
             of
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             gave
             Publick
             Orders
             to
             prepare
             for
             a
             March.
             
          
           
             After
             his
             Departure
             ,
             the
             Persons
             entrusted
             with
             the
             Affairs
             upon
             the
             Ister
             were
             very
             vigilant
             in
             their
             respective
             Posts
             ,
             and
             in
             a
             short
             Time
             conquer'd
             vast
             Numbers
             of
             the
             Barbarians
             by
             Force
             of
             Arms
             ;
             others
             by
             Offers
             of
             Money
             were
             easily
             brib'd
             into
             an
             Acceptance
             
             of
             Peace
             ;
             for
             the
             Barbarians
             naturally
             love
             Money
             ,
             and
             despise
             Danger
             ,
             and
             live
             by
             Inroads
             and
             Ravages
             upon
             the
             neighbouring
             Territory
             ,
             or
             traffick
             Peace
             for
             Money
             .
             Which
             Commodus
             knowing
             ,
             and
             being
             both
             able
             and
             willing
             to
             purchase
             Security
             and
             Repose
             to
             himself
             at
             any
             Rate
             ,
             comply'd
             with
             them
             in
             all
             their
             Demands
             .
          
           
             After
             the
             Proclamation
             was
             made
             ,
             that
             they
             should
             march
             homewards
             ,
             a
             sort
             of
             a
             confus'd
             Joy
             ran
             through
             the
             whole
             Camp
             ;
             every
             one
             being
             willing
             to
             change
             the
             Toils
             and
             Fatigues
             of
             War
             in
             an
             Enemy's
             Country
             ,
             for
             the
             Pleasures
             and
             Gaieties
             of
             Peace
             at
             Rome
             .
             But
             after
             it
             was
             publickly
             known
             that
             the
             young
             Prince
             was
             returning
             ,
             the
             Romans
             were
             visibly
             transported
             with
             Joy
             ,
             all
             Men
             expecting
             great
             Things
             from
             the
             Presence
             of
             a
             Prince
             ,
             who
             they
             thought
             would
             emulate
             his
             Father's
             Vertues
             .
             His
             Journey
             he
             perform'd
             with
             great
             Expedition
             ,
             being
             entertain'd
             with
             great
             Splendor
             and
             Magnificence
             in
             the
             Towns
             he
             pass'd
             through
             ;
             and
             generally
             his
             
             Presence
             gave
             great
             Content
             and
             Satisfaction
             to
             all
             Men.
             
          
           
             But
             when
             he
             came
             near
             Rome
             ,
             the
             whole
             Senate
             and
             Roman
             People
             went
             out
             in
             full
             Body
             to
             meet
             him
             :
             They
             march'd
             with
             great
             Formality
             ,
             carrying
             Branches
             of
             Laurel
             ,
             and
             all
             sorts
             of
             Flowers
             that
             were
             proper
             for
             the
             Season
             .
             Every
             Man
             strove
             to
             be
             foremost
             in
             this
             Ceremony
             ,
             both
             to
             express
             his
             Affection
             ,
             and
             satisfie
             his
             Curiosity
             ,
             in
             beholding
             the
             Greatest
             of
             Princes
             in
             the
             most
             flourishing
             Scene
             of
             his
             Age.
             And
             the
             Truth
             is
             ,
             the
             Romans
             had
             a
             real
             Affection
             for
             him
             ,
             in
             regard
             he
             was
             not
             only
             a
             Native
             of
             their
             Country
             ,
             but
             had
             his
             whole
             Education
             amongst
             them
             ,
             and
             was
             of
             Noble
             and
             Imperial
             Blood
             for
             Three
             Descents
             ;
             for
             by
             his
             Father's
             Side
             he
             was
             descended
             from
             Persons
             of
             the
             most
             Eminent
             Quality
             in
             the
             Senate
             :
             His
             Mother
             Faustina
             ,
             the
             Empress
             ,
             sprung
             out
             of
             the
             Loins
             of
             Emperors
             ,
             being
             Daughter
             to
             Antoninus
             Surnamed
             Pius
             ,
             and
             Grand-daughter
             to
             Hadrian
             by
             the
             Mothers
             Side
             ,
             and
             Great
             Grand-daughter
             to
             Trajan
             .
          
           
           
             This
             is
             the
             Account
             of
             
             Commodus's
             Parentage
             .
             But
             beside
             the
             Advantages
             of
             Youth
             ,
             his
             Person
             was
             very
             agreeable
             ;
             he
             had
             a
             Manly
             Beauty
             in
             his
             Face
             ,
             with
             a
             fine
             Shape
             and
             Figure
             of
             Body
             :
             His
             Eyes
             were
             languishing
             ,
             and
             yet
             had
             a
             peculiar
             sort
             of
             Lustre
             :
             His
             Hair
             was
             curl'd
             ,
             and
             yellow
             ,
             resembling
             Flame
             ,
             when
             he
             walk'd
             in
             the
             Sun
             ;
             which
             made
             some
             Men
             fansie
             he
             was
             powder'd
             with
             Dust
             of
             Gold.
             Others
             thought
             it
             a
             Testimony
             of
             his
             Divinity
             ,
             looking
             upon
             these
             as
             the
             Glories
             that
             adorn'd
             him
             at
             his
             Nativity
             .
             He
             had
             no
             Beard
             ,
             but
             only
             Down
             upon
             his
             Cheeks
             .
             This
             was
             the
             Figure
             the
             Prince
             made
             when
             the
             People
             receiv'd
             him
             with
             Huzza's
             and
             Shouts
             of
             Joy
             ,
             scattering
             Flowers
             and
             Garlands
             all
             the
             Way
             as
             he
             pass'd
             .
          
           
             After
             he
             had
             enter'd
             Rome
             ,
             and
             visited
             the
             Temples
             ,
             he
             render'd
             Thanks
             to
             the
             Senate
             in
             full
             Assembly
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             Soldiers
             that
             were
             left
             in
             Rome
             ,
             for
             continuing
             steadfast
             in
             their
             Duty
             and
             Allegiance
             during
             his
             Absence
             ,
             and
             then
             retir'd
             
             to
             his
             Palace
             .
             Thus
             for
             a
             few
             Years
             he
             paid
             all
             the
             Deference
             imaginable
             to
             his
             Father's
             Friends
             ,
             and
             transacted
             nothing
             without
             their
             Counsel
             and
             Direction
             .
          
           
             But
             after
             a
             while
             he
             took
             the
             Government
             upon
             himself
             ,
             and
             constituted
             Perennius
             an
             Italian
             ,
             a
             Man
             of
             great
             Military
             Skill
             ,
             Captain
             of
             the
             Praetorian
             Establishment
             .
             This
             Perennius
             let
             the
             Prince
             live
             at
             large
             ,
             allow'd
             ,
             nay
             encourag'd
             him
             in
             the
             greatest
             Riots
             and
             Excesses
             .
             By
             this
             Means
             he
             drew
             all
             the
             Affairs
             of
             the
             Empire
             that
             require
             Diligence
             and
             Application
             to
             himself
             ,
             till
             at
             last
             he
             got
             the
             whole
             .
             Administration
             into
             his
             Hands
             .
             He
             was
             a
             Man
             insatiably
             covetous
             ,
             his
             Desires
             could
             never
             terminate
             in
             what
             he
             possess'd
             ,
             but
             still
             grasp'd
             at
             something
             he
             had
             not
             .
             He
             constantly
             endeavour'd
             by
             Calumnies
             and
             Misrepresentations
             to
             create
             a
             Jealousie
             in
             the
             Prince
             of
             his
             Father's
             Friends
             ,
             especially
             the
             most
             Rich
             and
             Noble
             amongst
             them
             ,
             that
             the
             Prince
             might
             be
             mov'd
             to
             cut
             them
             off
             ,
             and
             
             he
             might
             enrich
             himself
             by
             their
             Fall.
             
          
           
             But
             however
             the
             Prince
             was
             restrain'd
             for
             a
             Time
             by
             the
             Memory
             of
             his
             Father
             ,
             and
             the
             Regard
             he
             had
             to
             his
             Friends
             ;
             but
             an
             unlucky
             Accident
             hapned
             ,
             which
             destroy'd
             all
             the
             Remains
             of
             Vertue
             and
             Moderation
             which
             he
             yet
             retain'd
             ,
             and
             utterly
             perverted
             the
             Biass
             of
             his
             Mind
             .
             The
             Accident
             was
             this
             .
             
               Lucilla
               ,
               Commodus
            
             his
             eldest
             Sister
             ,
             was
             formerly
             married
             to
             
               L.
               Verus
            
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             whom
             Marcus
             had
             made
             his
             Collegue
             with
             him
             in
             the
             Empire
             ,
             thinking
             this
             Alliance
             would
             be
             the
             strongest
             Bond
             of
             a
             lasting
             Amity
             between
             them
             .
             But
             it
             fell
             out
             ,
             that
             Verus
             dy'd
             ,
             and
             her
             Father
             married
             her
             to
             Pompeianus
             ,
             and
             yet
             she
             retain'd
             the
             Port
             and
             Grandeur
             of
             an
             Empress
             .
             So
             it
             was
             ,
             after
             Commodus
             came
             to
             the
             Crown
             ,
             he
             suffer'd
             her
             to
             take
             the
             same
             State
             upon
             her
             ,
             and
             she
             was
             in
             all
             Respects
             honour'd
             as
             Empress
             .
             But
             now
             Commodus
             took
             a
             Wife
             nam'd
             Crispina
             ,
             and
             Lucilla
             was
             oblig'd
             to
             give
             Place
             to
             her
             ,
             which
             gave
             her
             great
             Regrets
             :
             For
             she
             look'd
             upon
             all
             
             Honours
             done
             to
             the
             Empress
             ,
             as
             indirect
             Affronts
             to
             her self
             .
             This
             put
             her
             upon
             Designs
             against
             the
             Government
             ;
             but
             she
             knew
             her
             Husband's
             Love
             of
             Commodus
             too
             well
             to
             communicate
             any
             thing
             of
             that
             Nature
             to
             him
             :
             So
             she
             apply'd
             her self
             to
             Quadratus
             ,
             a
             young
             rich
             Noble-man
             of
             Rome
             ,
             (
             that
             lay
             under
             a
             Suspicion
             of
             intriguing
             with
             this
             Lady
             )
             and
             after
             she
             had
             sounded
             how
             he
             stood
             affected
             ,
             made
             her
             Complaint
             to
             him
             ,
             representing
             how
             she
             had
             been
             injur'd
             and
             disgrac'd
             ;
             till
             at
             last
             she
             perswaded
             him
             to
             enter
             into
             Counsels
             fatal
             both
             to
             themselves
             and
             the
             whole
             Senate
             .
             For
             among
             other
             Senators
             that
             he
             drew
             into
             this
             Combination
             ,
             there
             was
             one
             Quintian
             ,
             a
             Man
             of
             a
             dauntless
             Spirit
             ,
             and
             one
             that
             would
             undertake
             any
             Thing
             ;
             him
             he
             perswaded
             to
             take
             a
             Ponyard
             under
             his
             Clothes
             ,
             and
             observing
             Time
             and
             Place
             proper
             for
             the
             Execution
             of
             his
             Design
             ,
             to
             assassinate
             the
             Emperor
             ;
             adding
             ,
             That
             if
             that
             was
             once
             done
             ,
             what
             remain'd
             would
             easily
             be
             effected
             ,
             by
             distributing
             Money
             among
             the
             People
             .
          
           
           
             In
             order
             to
             the
             doing
             this
             ,
             Quintian
             posted
             himself
             in
             the
             Entrance
             of
             the
             Amphitheatre
             ;
             the
             Darkness
             of
             the
             Place
             he
             thought
             would
             help
             to
             conceal
             him
             ,
             and
             favour
             the
             Design
             .
             So
             when
             the
             Emperor
             came
             by
             ,
             he
             boldly
             assaulted
             him
             with
             his
             drawn
             Sword
             ,
             crying
             aloud
             ,
             
               The
               Senate
               has
               sent
               you
               this
               .
            
             As
             he
             was
             repeating
             these
             Words
             ,
             the
             Emperor's
             Guards
             laid
             hold
             of
             him
             ,
             and
             made
             him
             pay
             dear
             for
             his
             Madness
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             rather
             discover'd
             ,
             than
             accomplish'd
             his
             Design
             .
             This
             was
             the
             first
             Cause
             of
             the
             Emperor's
             Hatred
             of
             the
             Senate
             .
             That
             Saying
             made
             deep
             Impression
             in
             him
             ,
             and
             from
             that
             Time
             he
             look'd
             upon
             all
             the
             Senators
             as
             disaffected
             ,
             still
             keeping
             in
             Mind
             the
             Words
             of
             this
             bold
             Assassine
             .
          
           
             Perennius
             made
             good
             use
             of
             this
             Occasion
             to
             inflame
             the
             Emperor
             against
             them
             .
             He
             had
             always
             advis'd
             him
             to
             cut
             off
             the
             Leading
             Men
             among
             them
             ;
             and
             whoever
             was
             crush'd
             by
             his
             Displeasure
             ,
             he
             still
             grew
             fat
             upon
             his
             Ruines
             ,
             and
             by
             this
             Means
             easily
             became
             
             the
             richest
             Man
             of
             those
             Times
             .
             And
             now
             he
             made
             Inquiry
             into
             this
             Plot
             with
             great
             Rigour
             and
             Severity
             ;
             and
             Lucilla
             ,
             with
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Conspirators
             ,
             and
             all
             such
             as
             were
             suspected
             to
             be
             concern'd
             (
             how
             slight
             soever
             the
             Ground
             of
             the
             Suspicion
             was
             )
             were
             put
             to
             Death
             without
             Mercy
             .
          
           
             And
             now
             Perennius
             having
             taken
             out
             of
             the
             way
             all
             those
             that
             lov'd
             or
             were
             reverenc'd
             by
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             undertook
             himself
             the
             Care
             of
             his
             Person
             ;
             and
             having
             got
             an
             unlimited
             Authority
             into
             his
             Hands
             ,
             began
             to
             aspire
             to
             the
             Empire
             .
             And
             in
             order
             to
             the
             compassing
             his
             ambitious
             Ends
             ,
             by
             his
             Interest
             with
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             he
             advanc'd
             his
             Sons
             to
             the
             Command
             of
             the
             Illyrian
             Army
             ;
             and
             in
             his
             Ministry
             at
             home
             ,
             amass'd
             a
             Treasure
             sufficient
             at
             any
             time
             to
             shake
             the
             Loyalty
             of
             the
             Praetorian
             Soldiers
             ,
             and
             bring
             them
             over
             to
             his
             Party
             .
             His
             Sons
             in
             the
             mean
             time
             made
             secret
             Levies
             ,
             that
             as
             soon
             as
             Perennius
             had
             assassinated
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             they
             might
             follow
             their
             Father's
             Blow
             ,
             and
             seize
             the
             Empire
             .
          
           
           
             This
             Plot
             took
             Air
             very
             strangely
             :
             It
             was
             the
             Time
             when
             the
             Sacred
             Games
             instituted
             to
             the
             Honour
             of
             
               Jupiter
               Capitolinus
            
             were
             to
             be
             celebrated
             .
             This
             drew
             together
             vast
             Multitudes
             of
             People
             ,
             as
             is
             usual
             in
             Rome
             at
             the
             like
             Solemnities
             .
             The
             Emperor
             presides
             at
             these
             Games
             ,
             with
             the
             Priests
             in
             their
             Turns
             .
             Commodus
             had
             seated
             himself
             in
             the
             Emperor's
             Box
             ,
             to
             hear
             the
             most
             celebrated
             Actors
             of
             that
             Age
             :
             But
             when
             the
             Theatre
             was
             full
             ,
             and
             every
             Man
             had
             taken
             his
             Place
             according
             to
             his
             Rank
             ,
             before
             the
             Action
             began
             ,
             there
             stept
             out
             a
             Man
             in
             a
             Philosophers
             Habit
             ,
             half
             naked
             ,
             with
             a
             Staff
             in
             his
             Hand
             ,
             and
             a
             Satchel
             hanging
             from
             his
             Shoulder
             ,
             into
             the
             middle
             of
             the
             Stage
             ,
             and
             commanding
             Silence
             ,
             address'd
             himself
             to
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             and
             told
             him
             ,
             
               That
               this
               was
               not
               a
               Time
               to
               quit
               the
               Cares
               of
               Empire
               ,
               for
               the
               Diversions
               of
               Games
               and
               Publick
               Festivities
               ;
               That
            
             Perennius
             
               his
               Sword
               was
               drawn
               against
               him
               ,
               and
               if
               he
               did
               not
               ward
               off
               the
               Blow
               which
               would
               suddenly
               be
               made
               at
               him
               ,
               it
               would
               certainly
               be
               fatal
               ,
               and
               he
               would
               feel
               it
               before
               
               he
               was
               aware
               ;
               That
            
             Perennius
             
               was
               raising
               Forces
               and
               Money
               to
               be
               employ'd
               against
               him
               ,
               and
               that
               his
               Sons
               by
               secret
               Practices
               had
               sollicited
               the
            
             Illyrian
             
               Army
               to
               revolt
               ▪
               and
               in
               conclusion
               ,
               if
               he
               did
               not
               take
               care
               in
               time
               to
               break
               their
               Measures
               ,
               he
               was
               irrecoverably
               ruin'd
               .
            
          
           
             Whether
             the
             Man
             was
             urg'd
             by
             Divine
             Impulse
             to
             utter
             these
             Words
             ,
             or
             was
             mov'd
             meerly
             by
             the
             Prospect
             of
             Glory
             or
             Reward
             ,
             I
             can't
             determine
             ;
             but
             the
             Adventure
             so
             shock'd
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             not
             able
             to
             speak
             for
             the
             present
             .
             As
             for
             other
             Men
             ,
             tho'
             they
             believ'd
             the
             Man
             might
             have
             Ground
             for
             what
             he
             said
             ,
             yet
             they
             pretended
             to
             give
             no
             Credit
             to
             him
             ;
             and
             Perennius
             in
             great
             Rage
             commanded
             him
             immediately
             to
             be
             apprehended
             and
             burnt
             for
             a
             Mad-man
             ,
             and
             a
             Reporter
             of
             Vain
             Stories
             .
             So
             the
             Philosopher
             suffer'd
             for
             his
             unseasonable
             Liberty
             .
          
           
             However
             ,
             those
             that
             pretended
             to
             be
             zealous
             for
             
             Commodus's
             Interest
             ,
             made
             use
             of
             this
             Occasion
             to
             let
             themselves
             
             into
             Invectives
             against
             Perennius
             ,
             whom
             they
             hated
             before
             for
             his
             intolerable
             Pride
             and
             Insolence
             of
             Behaviour
             .
             And
             it
             pleas'd
             the
             Gods
             that
             Commodus
             should
             escape
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Blow
             levell'd
             against
             him
             should
             return
             upon
             the
             Heads
             of
             Perennius
             and
             his
             Sons
             :
             For
             a
             short
             time
             after
             some
             Soldiers
             came
             privately
             from
             the
             Illyrian
             Camp
             to
             Rome
             ,
             bringing
             along
             with
             them
             Pieces
             of
             Money
             stamp'd
             with
             the
             Image
             of
             Perennius
             ;
             and
             having
             without
             his
             Knowledge
             obtain'd
             Access
             to
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             ,
             (
             tho'
             he
             was
             then
             Captain
             of
             his
             Life-guard
             )
             they
             shew'd
             the
             Pieces
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             made
             a
             large
             Discovery
             of
             the
             whole
             Plot
             ,
             with
             all
             the
             Circumstances
             of
             it
             ,
             and
             were
             well
             rewarded
             for
             so
             signal
             a
             Piece
             of
             Service
             .
          
           
             Perennius
             was
             ignorant
             of
             the
             whole
             Course
             of
             this
             Business
             ,
             and
             an
             Executioner
             was
             sent
             by
             Night
             to
             take
             off
             his
             Head
             ,
             when
             he
             expected
             nothing
             less
             ;
             which
             was
             done
             :
             And
             a
             Courier
             is
             dispatch'd
             into
             Illyria
             ,
             and
             order'd
             to
             make
             all
             possible
             haste
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             
             prevent
             the
             Fame
             of
             what
             had
             hapned
             at
             Rome
             .
             By
             him
             the
             Emperor
             sent
             Letters
             to
             
             Perennius's
             Son
             ,
             wherein
             he
             made
             great
             Expressions
             of
             his
             Friendship
             ,
             and
             Satisfaction
             in
             his
             Conduct
             ,
             and
             told
             him
             ,
             he
             would
             reward
             his
             Services
             abroad
             with
             better
             Preferment
             at
             home
             .
             The
             Young
             Man
             could
             not
             look
             thorough
             the
             Disguise
             ,
             but
             thought
             the
             Emperor's
             Invitation
             to
             return
             was
             sincere
             :
             For
             he
             heard
             nothing
             of
             the
             Disaster
             of
             his
             Family
             in
             Rome
             ,
             nor
             of
             any
             Thing
             that
             had
             hapned
             there
             ;
             and
             he
             was
             confirm'd
             in
             his
             Belief
             when
             the
             Courier
             told
             him
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             also
             his
             Father's
             Pleasure
             that
             he
             should
             return
             ,
             and
             that
             he
             would
             have
             writ
             to
             him
             upon
             that
             Subject
             ,
             had
             he
             not
             known
             his
             entire
             Resignation
             to
             the
             Emperor
             's
             Will.
             He
             was
             extremely
             regretted
             to
             leave
             his
             Designs
             unaccomplish'd
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             made
             so
             great
             Progress
             in
             them
             ;
             nevertheless
             ,
             in
             confidence
             of
             his
             Father's
             Interest
             at
             Court
             ,
             which
             he
             thought
             continu'd
             still
             ,
             he
             set
             out
             for
             Rome
             .
             But
             when
             he
             came
             into
             Italy
             ,
             he
             was
             dispatch'd
             
             by
             the
             Emperor's
             Order
             .
             This
             was
             the
             End
             of
             these
             Great
             Men.
             
          
           
             And
             now
             Commodus
             constituted
             two
             Captains
             of
             the
             Praetorian
             Band.
             To
             intrust
             so
             great
             Power
             with
             a
             single
             Man
             ,
             he
             thought
             was
             dangerous
             ;
             and
             the
             dividing
             of
             it
             he
             knew
             would
             weaken
             it
             ,
             and
             make
             it
             less
             fit
             to
             encourage
             Attempts
             against
             the
             Government
             ,
             than
             when
             it
             was
             united
             .
             But
             notwithstanding
             this
             Caution
             ,
             another
             Conspiracy
             was
             set
             on
             foot
             in
             a
             short
             time
             :
             The
             Account
             that
             is
             given
             of
             it
             ,
             is
             this
             .
          
           
             Maternus
             ,
             a
             Soldier
             that
             had
             committed
             divers
             Outrages
             ,
             about
             this
             time
             thought
             fit
             to
             leave
             the
             Camp
             ,
             and
             perswaded
             some
             other
             Soldiers
             to
             desert
             with
             him
             :
             Out
             of
             these
             ,
             and
             others
             that
             came
             in
             to
             him
             ,
             he
             soon
             form'd
             a
             Party
             of
             Men
             of
             the
             like
             desperate
             Fortunes
             and
             Tempers
             with
             himself
             .
             With
             these
             he
             first
             plunder'd
             Villages
             ,
             and
             ravag'd
             the
             Country
             around
             :
             But
             after
             he
             had
             furnish'd
             himself
             with
             Money
             for
             greater
             Enterprises
             ,
             and
             had
             drawn
             together
             a
             formidable
             Body
             of
             Men
             ,
             by
             Promise
             
             of
             Reward
             and
             a
             Share
             of
             the
             Booty
             ,
             they
             grew
             from
             a
             contemptible
             Band
             of
             Robbers
             ,
             into
             a
             Just
             and
             Regular
             Army
             .
             And
             now
             they
             attack'd
             and
             storm'd
             the
             greatest
             Towns
             ,
             broke
             open
             the
             Prisons
             ,
             and
             set
             at
             large
             all
             the
             Prisoners
             ,
             without
             distinction
             ;
             most
             of
             which
             ,
             out
             of
             hope
             of
             Impunity
             or
             Reward
             ,
             joyn'd
             themselves
             to
             them
             .
             And
             now
             with
             their
             whole
             Force
             they
             made
             an
             Inroad
             into
             Gaul
             and
             Spain
             ,
             over-ran
             the
             whole
             Country
             ,
             took
             the
             most
             considerable
             Towns
             ,
             burnt
             and
             pillag'd
             them
             ,
             and
             march'd
             off
             with
             the
             Booty
             .
          
           
             When
             Commodus
             heard
             of
             the
             swift
             Advances
             of
             these
             Rebels
             ,
             he
             wrote
             to
             the
             Prefects
             of
             his
             Provinces
             in
             Terms
             of
             Anger
             and
             Indignation
             ,
             accusing
             their
             Conduct
             for
             not
             opposing
             the
             Growth
             of
             this
             Rebellion
             ,
             and
             commanding
             them
             instantly
             to
             levy
             a
             Force
             to
             suppress
             it
             .
             The
             Rebels
             had
             Intelligence
             of
             this
             ,
             and
             that
             an
             Army
             was
             raising
             against
             them
             ,
             and
             therefore
             judg'd
             it
             most
             advisable
             to
             leave
             the
             Country
             where
             they
             had
             committed
             their
             Ravages
             ,
             
             and
             pass
             over
             into
             Italy
             ;
             which
             they
             did
             by
             short
             By-Roads
             ,
             and
             in
             small
             Parties
             .
          
           
             And
             here
             
             Maternus's
             Ambition
             began
             to
             fly
             high
             ,
             and
             to
             have
             the
             Empire
             in
             view
             .
             For
             he
             had
             found
             that
             all
             his
             Designs
             had
             hitherto
             succeeded
             beyond
             expectation
             ;
             and
             he
             knew
             that
             in
             this
             Juncture
             he
             had
             a
             desperate
             Game
             to
             play
             ;
             therefore
             he
             resolv'd
             to
             risque
             at
             all
             ,
             and
             either
             seize
             the
             Empire
             ,
             or
             die
             with
             Glory
             in
             the
             Attempt
             .
          
           
             But
             he
             knew
             the
             Emperor's
             Strength
             ,
             and
             his
             own
             Weakness
             ,
             too
             well
             to
             engage
             with
             him
             upon
             equal
             Terms
             :
             For
             the
             Praetorian
             Soldiers
             ,
             and
             generally
             the
             whole
             Roman
             Commons
             ,
             were
             thought
             well-affected
             to
             Commodus
             ;
             which
             oblig'd
             him
             to
             have
             recourse
             to
             Policy
             and
             Cunning
             :
             so
             he
             form'd
             this
             Stratagem
             .
             In
             the
             beginning
             of
             Spring
             ,
             upon
             a
             Solemn
             Day
             ,
             the
             Romans
             make
             a
             pompous
             Procession
             in
             honour
             of
             Cybele
             ,
             at
             which
             time
             the
             richest
             Furniture
             either
             Prince
             or
             Subject
             is
             Master
             of
             ,
             is
             carry'd
             before
             the
             Goddess
             with
             great
             Solemnity
             .
             This
             
             is
             a
             licentious
             Time
             for
             all
             sorts
             of
             Frollicks
             and
             Gambols
             ,
             which
             at
             this
             Time
             have
             the
             Publick
             Countenance
             ;
             all
             Men
             are
             permitted
             to
             use
             what
             Disguise
             they
             please
             ,
             nor
             is
             any
             Magistrate's
             Habit
             so
             sacred
             ,
             but
             every
             Person
             that
             has
             a
             mind
             may
             take
             it
             upon
             him
             ;
             so
             that
             during
             the
             Festival
             't
             is
             hard
             to
             distinguish
             a
             true
             Magistrate
             from
             a
             Masquerader
             .
             This
             Maternus
             thought
             the
             fittest
             Occasion
             for
             executing
             his
             treasonable
             Purposes
             ;
             for
             he
             fansied
             if
             he
             could
             put
             himself
             and
             his
             Men
             in
             the
             Habit
             and
             Equipage
             of
             the
             Emperor's
             Guards
             ,
             he
             might
             easily
             in
             that
             Huddle
             of
             Ceremony
             crowd
             in
             amongst
             them
             ,
             and
             seeming
             Part
             of
             the
             Emperor's
             Retinue
             ,
             might
             without
             Danger
             of
             Discovery
             assault
             him
             ,
             and
             so
             accomplish
             his
             Design
             .
             But
             before
             the
             Day
             came
             for
             the
             Execution
             of
             this
             Stratagem
             ,
             he
             was
             betray'd
             by
             some
             of
             his
             Accomplices
             ,
             that
             could
             not
             brook
             his
             Advancement
             from
             a
             Fellow-Robber
             ,
             to
             be
             their
             Lord
             and
             Sovereign
             .
             Whereupon
             Maternus
             ,
             and
             all
             those
             that
             were
             engag'd
             in
             the
             same
             
             traiterous
             Designs
             ,
             were
             forthwith
             apprehended
             and
             put
             to
             Death
             .
          
           
             Commodus
             ,
             after
             publick
             Thanksgiving
             and
             Sacrifice
             to
             the
             Gods
             ,
             was
             present
             at
             the
             Celebration
             of
             the
             Festival
             ,
             which
             was
             perform'd
             by
             the
             People
             with
             extraordinary
             Demonstrations
             of
             Joy
             ,
             upon
             the
             Account
             of
             the
             Emperor's
             Deliverance
             .
             The
             Reason
             why
             the
             Romans
             had
             this
             Goddess
             in
             such
             veneration
             ,
             it
             won't
             ,
             I
             think
             ,
             be
             impertinent
             to
             insert
             out
             of
             their
             own
             Histories
             ,
             seeing
             it
             is
             so
             little
             known
             amongst
             the
             Greeks
             .
          
           
             They
             say
             her
             Image
             fell
             originally
             from
             Heaven
             ;
             but
             out
             of
             what
             ,
             or
             by
             whom
             it
             was
             made
             ,
             remains
             uncertain
             ;
             tho'
             the
             Opinion
             has
             generally
             prevail'd
             ,
             that
             it
             could
             not
             be
             made
             by
             Men.
             The
             Tradition
             runs
             ,
             That
             it
             fell
             ,
             and
             was
             first
             found
             in
             Phrygia
             ,
             in
             a
             Place
             call'd
             from
             thence
             Pessinuns
             ;
             but
             I
             find
             this
             Matter
             differently
             related
             from
             other
             Hands
             .
             According
             to
             these
             ,
             there
             was
             heretofore
             an
             Engagement
             here
             between
             Ilus
             the
             Phrygian
             and
             Tantalus
             the
             Lydian
             .
             The
             Occasion
             is
             reported
             variously
             .
          
           
           
             Some
             say
             ,
             it
             was
             for
             taking
             away
             Ganymede
             by
             Force
             :
             Others
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             only
             upon
             a
             Dispute
             about
             a
             Way
             .
             Whatever
             was
             the
             Occasion
             ,
             both
             Sides
             maintain'd
             the
             Fight
             with
             great
             Obstinacy
             ,
             without
             any
             apparent
             Advantage
             to
             either
             .
             The
             Slaughter
             was
             great
             on
             both
             Sides
             ,
             and
             from
             hence
             ,
             say
             they
             ,
             the
             Place
             took
             its
             Name
             .
             And
             here
             it
             was
             that
             Ganymede
             was
             torn
             in
             Pieces
             by
             his
             Brother
             ,
             in
             that
             fatal
             Endeavour
             to
             rescue
             him
             from
             his
             Lover
             ,
             and
             immediately
             disappear'd
             ;
             which
             gave
             Occasion
             to
             the
             Report
             of
             
             Jupiter's
             carrying
             him
             into
             Heaven
             ,
             and
             of
             his
             Consecration
             consequent
             thereupon
             .
             Here
             also
             the
             Phrygians
             celebrated
             their
             Orgia
             upon
             the
             Banks
             of
             the
             River
             Gallus
             ;
             from
             whence
             the
             gelt
             Priests
             of
             this
             Goddess
             receiv'd
             their
             Name
             .
             But
             when
             the
             Roman
             Power
             advanc'd
             towards
             its
             Ascendant
             ,
             and
             they
             had
             receiv'd
             Information
             from
             the
             Oracle
             ,
             that
             the
             Possession
             of
             the
             Pessinuntian
             Goddess
             ▪
             would
             conduce
             to
             the
             effectual
             Establishment
             and
             Encrease
             thereof
             ,
             they
             were
             resolv'd
             to
             demand
             
             her
             Image
             of
             the
             Phrygians
             ,
             and
             immediately
             dispatch'd
             Ambassadors
             with
             Instructions
             to
             that
             purpose
             ,
             enforcing
             their
             Demand
             by
             Pretensions
             of
             Affinity
             ,
             and
             a
             Descent
             from
             a
             Common
             Ancestor
             ,
             
               viz.
               Aeneas
            
             of
             Phrygia
             .
             In
             short
             ,
             the
             Romans
             easily
             obtain'd
             what
             they
             came
             for
             ,
             and
             the
             Goddess
             embark'd
             for
             Rome
             :
             But
             when
             she
             arriv'd
             at
             the
             Mouth
             of
             the
             Tyber
             ,
             which
             serv'd
             the
             Romans
             then
             in
             stead
             of
             a
             Harbour
             ,
             the
             Vessel
             by
             Divine
             Appointment
             stood
             still
             ,
             and
             the
             whole
             united
             Force
             of
             the
             Romans
             could
             not
             haul
             it
             from
             the
             Place
             ,
             till
             a
             Vestal
             Priestess
             perform'd
             what
             the
             rest
             had
             attempted
             in
             vain
             .
             She
             had
             vow'd
             perpetual
             Chastity
             ,
             and
             now
             was
             charg'd
             with
             a
             Violation
             of
             that
             Vow
             ;
             and
             fearing
             the
             Execution
             of
             the
             Law
             upon
             her
             ,
             she
             offer'd
             to
             stand
             to
             the
             Award
             of
             the
             Goddess
             ,
             whether
             or
             no
             she
             was
             guilty
             of
             the
             Fact
             whereof
             she
             stood
             accus'd
             ;
             which
             being
             accepted
             by
             the
             Romans
             ,
             she
             took
             off
             her
             Girdle
             ,
             and
             pray'd
             the
             Goddess
             ,
             if
             she
             knew
             her
             to
             be
             a
             spotless
             Virgin
             ,
             
             and
             that
             the
             Calumny
             she
             lay
             under
             was
             undeserv'd
             ,
             she
             would
             command
             the
             Vessel
             to
             move
             ;
             and
             immediately
             fastning
             her
             Girdle
             to
             it
             ,
             she
             drew
             it
             after
             her
             with
             great
             ease
             ,
             to
             the
             wonder
             and
             amazement
             of
             the
             Spectators
             ,
             who
             look'd
             upon
             it
             as
             an
             unquestionable
             Testimony
             of
             the
             Divinity
             of
             the
             Goddess
             ,
             and
             the
             Innocence
             of
             the
             Maid
             .
             Thus
             much
             I
             thought
             fit
             to
             insert
             about
             the
             Pessinuntian
             Goddess
             ,
             with
             more
             Exactness
             and
             Accuracy
             perhaps
             than
             the
             Thing
             deserv'd
             :
             However
             I
             hope
             the
             Relation
             will
             not
             be
             unpleasant
             to
             those
             that
             are
             unacquainted
             with
             the
             Roman
             Story
             .
          
           
             But
             to
             return
             to
             Commodus
             :
             After
             he
             had
             escap'd
             these
             traiterous
             Designs
             of
             Maternus
             ,
             he
             augmented
             his
             Guards
             ,
             grew
             shie
             ,
             and
             seldom
             appear'd
             in
             Publick
             ,
             liv'd
             for
             the
             most
             part
             in
             his
             Country-Houses
             which
             were
             most
             remote
             from
             the
             City
             ,
             gave
             over
             the
             Exercise
             of
             all
             Imperial
             Jurisdiction
             ,
             and
             laid
             down
             in
             a
             Manner
             the
             very
             Figure
             and
             Character
             of
             an
             Emperor
             .
          
           
           
             At
             this
             Time
             all
             Italy
             was
             visited
             with
             a
             great
             Plague
             ;
             but
             it
             raged
             the
             most
             in
             Rome
             ,
             in
             regard
             it
             was
             a
             Town
             very
             populous
             of
             it self
             ,
             and
             of
             a
             vast
             resort
             of
             Strangers
             from
             all
             Quarters
             ;
             whereupon
             ensu'd
             a
             great
             Mortality
             of
             Men
             and
             Beasts
             .
             The
             Emperor
             by
             the
             Advice
             of
             his
             Physicians
             retir'd
             to
             Laurentum
             ,
             where
             the
             Air
             was
             more
             cool
             and
             temperate
             ,
             and
             the
             Groves
             of
             Laurel
             too
             frequent
             in
             those
             Parts
             ,
             as
             is
             imported
             by
             the
             Name
             of
             the
             Place
             ,
             which
             it
             took
             from
             thence
             ,
             preserve
             the
             Country
             from
             Infection
             by
             the
             Fragrancy
             of
             their
             Smell
             ,
             and
             the
             Delightfulness
             of
             their
             Shade
             .
             And
             upon
             the
             same
             Reason
             the
             People
             in
             the
             City
             ,
             by
             the
             Prescription
             of
             their
             Doctors
             ,
             fill'd
             their
             Noses
             and
             Ears
             with
             sweet
             Ointments
             ,
             and
             always
             carried
             Perfumes
             about
             them
             ;
             for
             they
             fansied
             these
             would
             close
             up
             the
             Pores
             by
             which
             the
             Infection
             was
             to
             enter
             ,
             so
             that
             either
             it
             should
             not
             enter
             at
             all
             ,
             or
             ,
             if
             it
             did
             ,
             it
             might
             be
             expell'd
             or
             vanquish'd
             by
             a
             contrary
             Force
             .
             But
             notwithstanding
             this
             ,
             the
             Plague
             
             grew
             more
             outrageous
             ,
             and
             Men
             and
             Beasts
             dy'd
             in
             great
             Numbers
             .
          
           
             At
             the
             same
             Time
             the
             Romans
             were
             afflicted
             by
             an
             Evil
             of
             a
             different
             Nature
             ,
             viz.
             a
             Famine
             and
             Dearth
             of
             all
             Things
             .
             The
             Occasion
             was
             this
             .
             There
             was
             a
             certain
             Man
             call'd
             Cleander
             ,
             a
             Phrygian
             ,
             and
             one
             that
             had
             been
             publickly
             sold
             by
             the
             Common
             Cryer
             .
             His
             first
             Advance
             was
             to
             be
             the
             Emperor's
             Slave
             ;
             afterwards
             he
             became
             his
             Favourite
             ;
             till
             at
             last
             he
             arriv'd
             to
             so
             great
             a
             Sway
             and
             Interest
             at
             Court
             ,
             that
             he
             got
             to
             himself
             at
             once
             the
             honourable
             Charges
             of
             Gentleman
             of
             the
             Emperor's
             Bed-chamber
             ,
             Captain
             of
             his
             Life-Guard
             ,
             and
             General
             of
             his
             Armies
             .
             And
             now
             his
             Wealth
             and
             Affluence
             of
             all
             Things
             put
             him
             upon
             projecting
             how
             he
             might
             gain
             the
             Empire
             .
             Hereupon
             he
             ingrossed
             prodigious
             Quantities
             of
             Corn
             ,
             and
             lock'd
             them
             up
             in
             his
             Granary
             ,
             that
             when
             the
             Roman
             Army
             and
             People
             should
             be
             reduc'd
             to
             Extremity
             for
             want
             of
             Sustenance
             ,
             so
             seasonable
             and
             surprizing
             a
             Relief
             might
             win
             and
             endear
             them
             to
             
             him
             for
             ever
             .
             He
             built
             also
             a
             famous
             Place
             of
             Exercise
             ,
             and
             maintain'd
             a
             Publick
             Bath
             at
             his
             own
             Charge
             ,
             thinking
             by
             these
             Popular
             Arts
             to
             please
             and
             cajole
             the
             Multitude
             .
          
           
             But
             they
             hated
             him
             upon
             an
             old
             Score
             ,
             for
             his
             insatiable
             Covetousness
             ;
             and
             now
             they
             look'd
             upon
             him
             as
             the
             Author
             of
             their
             late
             Calamities
             ,
             which
             inflam'd
             them
             to
             that
             degree
             ,
             that
             they
             openly
             in
             the
             Theatre
             vented
             their
             Spleen
             against
             him
             in
             Satyrical
             Touches
             and
             Reflections
             upon
             his
             Behaviour
             ,
             till
             at
             last
             the
             whole
             Mobb
             went
             to
             the
             Emperor's
             Palace
             with
             full
             Cry
             against
             him
             ;
             nor
             could
             any
             thing
             appease
             their
             Clamours
             ,
             besides
             the
             delivering
             up
             this
             Minister
             to
             them
             .
          
           
             While
             the
             People
             were
             in
             this
             Ferment
             ,
             and
             the
             Court
             was
             fill'd
             with
             Noise
             and
             Tumult
             ,
             the
             Emperor
             lay
             in
             the
             inmost
             Rooms
             ,
             dissolv'd
             in
             Pleasure
             ,
             and
             ,
             as
             Matters
             were
             manag'd
             by
             Cleander
             ,
             utterly
             ignorant
             of
             the
             present
             Posture
             of
             Things
             :
             When
             upon
             a
             sudden
             ,
             when
             no
             Man
             expected
             it
             ,
             the
             
             Horse-Guards
             issued
             out
             upon
             them
             by
             
             Cleander's
             Order
             ,
             and
             bore
             down
             and
             trampled
             under
             Foot
             the
             defenceless
             Multitude
             ;
             for
             being
             without
             Horses
             and
             unarm'd
             ,
             they
             were
             unable
             to
             sustain
             the
             Impression
             ,
             but
             betook
             themselves
             immediately
             to
             their
             Heels
             ,
             and
             fled
             back
             to
             the
             City
             .
             Great
             Numbers
             were
             slain
             upon
             the
             Spot
             ;
             not
             only
             such
             as
             fell
             by
             the
             Hands
             of
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             or
             were
             trod
             to
             death
             by
             the
             Horses
             ,
             but
             a
             great
             many
             that
             were
             press'd
             to
             Death
             by
             the
             Crowd
             in
             the
             Hurry
             of
             the
             Action
             .
             They
             pursu'd
             them
             to
             the
             Gates
             of
             the
             City
             without
             Resistance
             ,
             and
             made
             a
             very
             great
             Slaughter
             .
          
           
             Those
             that
             were
             left
             in
             the
             City
             being
             advertiz'd
             of
             the
             Misfortune
             of
             their
             Friends
             ,
             planted
             themselves
             upon
             the
             Tops
             of
             their
             Houses
             ,
             and
             threw
             down
             Stones
             and
             Tiles
             upon
             the
             Horse-men
             ,
             and
             in
             a
             Moment
             the
             Scales
             were
             turn'd
             ;
             for
             here
             was
             no
             engaging
             near
             at
             Hand
             ,
             but
             the
             whole
             Multitude
             securely
             and
             advantageously
             posted
             ,
             made
             a
             Battery
             upon
             them
             from
             above
             ,
             till
             at
             last
             being
             
             cruelly
             gall'd
             and
             wounded
             ,
             they
             were
             forc'd
             to
             quit
             their
             Ground
             ,
             and
             retire
             with
             Precipitation
             .
             A
             great
             many
             were
             struck
             down
             dead
             with
             Stones
             ,
             that
             were
             plaid
             upon
             them
             continually
             with
             great
             Vigour
             ,
             which
             afterwards
             rolling
             down
             into
             the
             Streets
             ,
             extremely
             annoy'd
             the
             Horses
             ,
             and
             frequently
             occasion'd
             the
             Overthrowing
             both
             of
             Horse
             and
             Man.
             There
             were
             also
             some
             Foot-Soldiers
             quarter'd
             in
             the
             Town
             ,
             that
             out
             of
             a
             private
             Pique
             to
             the
             Horse-men
             ,
             fell
             in
             with
             and
             reinforc'd
             the
             Mobb
             .
          
           
             While
             all
             things
             were
             thus
             embroil'd
             by
             Civil
             Fury
             ,
             Commodus
             was
             kept
             in
             ignorance
             of
             all
             that
             hapned
             ;
             nor
             durst
             any
             Man
             acquaint
             him
             ,
             for
             fear
             of
             Cleander
             ;
             till
             Fadilla
             ,
             his
             eldest
             Sister
             ,
             who
             had
             free
             Access
             to
             him
             upon
             all
             Occasions
             ,
             ran
             to
             him
             in
             great
             haste
             ,
             with
             her
             Hair
             dishervell'd
             ,
             flung
             her self
             upon
             the
             Ground
             ,
             and
             making
             indeed
             a
             very
             deplorable
             Figure
             ,
             spoke
             to
             him
             in
             these
             Words
             ,
             deliver'd
             with
             all
             the
             Concern
             and
             Passion
             imaginable
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                   
                   
                     FADILLA'S
                     SPEECH
                     .
                  
                   
                     MY
                     Lord
                     ,
                     while
                     you
                     enjoy
                     your
                     Ease
                     ,
                     and
                     know
                     nothing
                     how
                     Affairs
                     are
                     manag'd
                     ,
                     your
                     Sacred
                     Person
                     is
                     brought
                     into
                     imminent
                     Danger
                     .
                     We
                     that
                     are
                     of
                     your
                     Blood
                     and
                     Family
                     ,
                     are
                     in
                     danger
                     of
                     being
                     extirpated
                     and
                     ruin'd
                     ,
                     with
                     the
                     whole
                     Roman
                     People
                     in
                     general
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     great
                     Part
                     of
                     the
                     Army
                     .
                     What
                     we
                     could
                     not
                     expect
                     from
                     Barbarians
                     ,
                     we
                     suffer
                     from
                     your
                     own
                     Ministers
                     .
                     Those
                     to
                     whom
                     you
                     have
                     been
                     the
                     greatest
                     Friend
                     ,
                     are
                     become
                     your
                     most
                     inveterate
                     Enemies
                     .
                     Cleander
                     endeavours
                     to
                     exasperate
                     the
                     Army
                     and
                     Populace
                     against
                     you
                     ,
                     by
                     the
                     first
                     of
                     which
                     he
                     is
                     belov'd
                     and
                     supported
                     as
                     much
                     as
                     he
                     is
                     hated
                     and
                     oppos'd
                     by
                     the
                     other
                     .
                     They
                     are
                     both
                     in
                     Arms
                     ,
                     combating
                     with
                     great
                     Fury
                     and
                     Outrage
                     ,
                     and
                     filling
                     the
                     Streets
                     of
                     Rome
                     with
                     Blood
                     and
                     Slaughter
                     .
                     Whoever
                     is
                     vanquish'd
                     ,
                     't
                     is
                     we
                     and
                     the
                     Community
                     must
                     suffer
                     ,
                     unless
                     you
                     instantly
                     execute
                     Justice
                     on
                     this
                     wicked
                     Minister
                     ,
                     who
                     has
                     been
                     the
                     Cause
                     of
                     this
                     Publick
                     Disorder
                     ,
                     and
                     ,
                     if
                     he
                     be
                     not
                     provented
                     ,
                     
                     will
                     certainly
                     occasion
                     some
                     notable
                     Disaster
                     to
                     the
                     Imperial
                     Family
                     .
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             After
             she
             had
             spoke
             ,
             she
             rent
             her
             Clothes
             ;
             and
             this
             Boldness
             of
             the
             Princess
             inspir'd
             others
             with
             Courage
             to
             come
             in
             and
             confirm
             what
             she
             had
             said
             :
             Which
             gave
             the
             Emperor
             such
             terrible
             Apprehensions
             ,
             that
             he
             thought
             the
             Storm
             did
             not
             menace
             him
             from
             afar
             ,
             but
             was
             that
             Moment
             breaking
             over
             his
             Head.
             So
             immediately
             he
             summons
             Cleander
             to
             appear
             before
             him
             ,
             who
             knew
             nothing
             certainly
             of
             this
             Discovery
             beyond
             Conjecture
             and
             Suspicion
             ;
             and
             after
             he
             was
             come
             ,
             commanded
             him
             instantly
             to
             be
             seiz'd
             ;
             and
             his
             Head
             struck
             off
             ,
             was
             afterwards
             fix'd
             on
             a
             Spear
             ,
             and
             expos'd
             to
             publick
             View
             ,
             to
             the
             unspeakable
             Satisfaction
             of
             the
             People
             .
          
           
             Thus
             this
             Storm
             was
             blown
             over
             ,
             the
             Civil
             Fury
             was
             asswag'd
             ,
             and
             all
             Sides
             laid
             down
             their
             Arms.
             The
             Soldiers
             saw
             their
             Leader
             slain
             ,
             and
             began
             to
             apprehend
             the
             Emperor's
             Displeasure
             ;
             for
             they
             perceiv'd
             now
             that
             he
             had
             been
             
             abus'd
             in
             the
             whole
             Course
             of
             this
             Affair
             ,
             and
             that
             Cleander
             had
             acted
             without
             his
             Authority
             or
             Commission
             .
             The
             Clamors
             of
             the
             People
             were
             appeas'd
             ,
             they
             sat
             down
             contentedly
             under
             their
             Miseries
             ,
             after
             they
             had
             been
             reveng'd
             upon
             the
             Author
             of
             them
             .
             But
             
             Cleander's
             Calamity
             involv'd
             all
             his
             Dependents
             ,
             and
             his
             two
             Sons
             ;
             they
             were
             all
             butcher'd
             without
             Mercy
             ,
             and
             their
             dead
             Bodies
             dragg'd
             about
             the
             City
             ,
             after
             which
             Indignities
             they
             were
             thrown
             into
             the
             Common
             Sewers
             .
             This
             was
             the
             Period
             of
             
             Cleander's
             Greatness
             ,
             and
             of
             all
             those
             that
             were
             supported
             by
             his
             Interest
             :
             And
             I
             am
             apt
             to
             believe
             ,
             Nature
             design'd
             him
             for
             a
             remarkable
             Instance
             of
             the
             Mutability
             of
             our
             Condition
             ,
             and
             has
             shew'd
             in
             him
             how
             Men
             may
             be
             lift
             up
             from
             the
             most
             abject
             State
             ,
             to
             the
             very
             utmost
             Pitches
             of
             Humane
             Greatness
             ,
             and
             how
             easily
             they
             may
             be
             tumbled
             down
             again
             from
             this
             Elevation
             ,
             by
             a
             single
             Turn
             or
             Double
             of
             a
             capricious
             and
             inconstant
             Fortune
             .
          
           
           
             And
             now
             Commodus
             ,
             tho'
             he
             was
             violently
             afrai
             of
             an
             Insurrection
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             yet
             he
             was
             prevail'd
             upon
             by
             his
             Friends
             to
             return
             to
             the
             City
             ,
             where
             he
             was
             receiv'd
             by
             a
             great
             Appearance
             of
             People
             ,
             and
             loud
             Acclamations
             of
             Joy
             ,
             and
             then
             lodg'd
             himself
             in
             the
             Imperial
             Palace
             .
             But
             this
             Series
             of
             Dangers
             he
             had
             encounter'd
             ,
             had
             this
             bad
             Effect
             ,
             that
             it
             created
             in
             him
             a
             Jealousie
             and
             Distrust
             of
             all
             Men
             ,
             which
             betray'd
             him
             to
             a
             merciless
             Disposition
             of
             Mind
             ,
             and
             made
             him
             inclinable
             to
             hearken
             to
             all
             manner
             of
             Calumnies
             and
             Accusations
             ,
             tho
             never
             so
             false
             :
             He
             would
             not
             let
             any
             Man
             have
             the
             least
             Share
             in
             his
             Favour
             ,
             that
             had
             the
             Reputation
             of
             Wisdom
             or
             Vertue
             .
             As
             for
             himself
             ,
             he
             departed
             from
             every
             Thing
             that
             was
             Honourable
             and
             Good
             ,
             suffer'd
             his
             Animal
             Nature
             to
             get
             the
             Ascendent
             over
             his
             Reason
             ,
             which
             was
             sensibly
             impair'd
             by
             his
             immoderate
             indulging
             Sensual
             Pleasure
             .
             In
             conclusion
             ,
             he
             banish'd
             all
             Men
             his
             Court
             ,
             that
             had
             the
             Fame
             of
             being
             moderately
             Learned
             or
             Vertuous
             ,
             under
             
             the
             notion
             of
             being
             Plotters
             and
             Conspirators
             ;
             suffer'd
             himself
             to
             be
             led
             and
             manag'd
             by
             a
             Set
             of
             Rascals
             and
             Buffoons
             ;
             gave
             himself
             over
             to
             Chariot-driving
             ,
             and
             Combating
             with
             Wild
             Beasts
             ,
             which
             he
             pursu'd
             with
             greater
             Application
             than
             was
             suitable
             to
             his
             Dignity
             and
             Character
             ;
             and
             from
             his
             Performances
             of
             this
             Kind
             it
             was
             ,
             that
             his
             Flatterers
             ascrib'd
             to
             him
             the
             Reputation
             of
             Valour
             .
          
           
             At
             this
             Time
             there
             were
             Prodigies
             discover'd
             in
             the
             Heavens
             ,
             Stars
             appear'd
             in
             the
             Day-time
             ,
             some
             of
             which
             of
             an
             oblong
             Figure
             ,
             seem'd
             to
             hang
             in
             the
             Air.
             There
             were
             also
             a
             great
             many
             extravagant
             Births
             of
             various
             Sorts
             of
             Animals
             ,
             contrary
             to
             the
             ordinary
             Measures
             of
             Nature
             .
             In
             some
             of
             these
             ,
             the
             whole
             Frame
             and
             Structure
             of
             the
             Body
             was
             monstrous
             ;
             in
             others
             ,
             the
             Parts
             were
             strangely
             disproportionate
             .
             But
             what
             gave
             the
             greatest
             Wound
             for
             the
             present
             ,
             and
             fill'd
             Men
             with
             the
             most
             dreadful
             Apprehensions
             for
             the
             future
             ,
             was
             the
             Burning
             down
             of
             the
             Temple
             
             of
             Peace
             ,
             being
             the
             most
             beautiful
             and
             stately
             Fabrick
             that
             was
             in
             the
             City
             .
             Before
             this
             dismal
             Accident
             ,
             there
             had
             been
             no
             Rain
             and
             few
             Clouds
             ,
             only
             the
             Earth
             was
             just
             perceiv'd
             to
             tremble
             ;
             and
             whether
             it
             hapned
             by
             Lightning
             in
             the
             Night
             ,
             or
             by
             Fire
             which
             might
             burst
             out
             in
             that
             extraordinary
             Movement
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             is
             uncertain
             :
             But
             however
             it
             was
             ,
             the
             richest
             Temple
             in
             the
             City
             was
             burnt
             to
             the
             Ground
             ,
             with
             all
             the
             Ornaments
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             with
             which
             it
             was
             beautified
             ,
             far
             beyond
             any
             of
             the
             rest
             ;
             for
             it
             was
             look'd
             upon
             as
             a
             very
             secure
             Place
             ,
             and
             was
             at
             that
             time
             the
             universal
             Repository
             for
             Things
             of
             Value
             ;
             so
             that
             by
             this
             Nights
             Calamity
             several
             rich
             Men
             were
             reduc'd
             to
             extreme
             Poverty
             ,
             and
             all
             Men
             lamented
             the
             Publick
             Loss
             ,
             and
             each
             Man
             his
             own
             Particular
             .
          
           
             Besides
             this
             Temple
             ,
             a
             great
             many
             other
             graceful
             and
             magnificent
             Buildings
             perish'd
             in
             the
             Conflagration
             :
             Amongst
             these
             was
             the
             Temple
             of
             Vesta
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             the
             Image
             of
             Pallas
             was
             
             laid
             open
             to
             publick
             View
             .
             To
             this
             the
             Romans
             pay
             a
             singular
             Veneration
             ,
             and
             secret
             it
             from
             the
             Eyes
             of
             the
             People
             .
             The
             Tradition
             is
             ,
             That
             it
             came
             originally
             from
             Troy
             ,
             and
             this
             was
             the
             first
             Time
             it
             was
             seen
             in
             publick
             since
             it
             was
             brought
             into
             Italy
             ;
             for
             no
             sooner
             was
             it
             arriv'd
             ,
             but
             the
             Vestal
             Virgins
             convey'd
             it
             privately
             along
             the
             Sacred
             Way
             ,
             and
             lodg'd
             it
             in
             the
             Imperial
             Palace
             .
             A
             great
             many
             other
             beautiful
             and
             well-built
             Parts
             of
             the
             Town
             were
             laid
             in
             Ashes
             :
             Nor
             could
             the
             Fury
             of
             the
             merciless
             Element
             be
             check'd
             ,
             till
             it
             was
             done
             by
             a
             Shower
             from
             Heaven
             .
             And
             now
             the
             whole
             Business
             was
             imputed
             to
             a
             Superintending
             Providence
             ,
             and
             the
             People
             were
             generally
             perswaded
             that
             the
             Fire
             began
             and
             ended
             by
             Divine
             Appointment
             ;
             and
             it
             was
             a
             common
             Remark
             ,
             That
             this
             Burning
             the
             Temple
             of
             Peace
             portended
             Wars
             to
             ensue
             .
             Nor
             was
             the
             Observation
             vain
             ,
             as
             appear'd
             by
             what
             hapned
             afterwards
             ,
             as
             shall
             be
             related
             in
             order
             .
          
           
           
             This
             Series
             of
             Disasters
             and
             Misfortunes
             coming
             one
             upon
             the
             Neck
             of
             another
             ,
             extremely
             abated
             the
             Affection
             of
             the
             People
             to
             Commodus
             ,
             to
             whose
             Cruelty
             and
             enormous
             Way
             of
             Living
             they
             imputed
             all
             the
             Miseries
             they
             had
             labour'd
             under
             ;
             for
             they
             knew
             of
             all
             his
             Irregularities
             ,
             nor
             did
             he
             endeavour
             to
             conceal
             them
             ;
             but
             what
             he
             was
             censur'd
             for
             acting
             in
             Private
             ,
             he
             boldly
             own'd
             and
             avow'd
             in
             Publick
             ;
             and
             at
             last
             arriv'd
             to
             that
             Degree
             of
             Madness
             and
             Folly
             ,
             that
             he
             grew
             asham'd
             of
             his
             own
             Name
             ,
             and
             in
             stead
             of
             Commodus
             the
             Son
             of
             Marcus
             ,
             commanded
             the
             People
             to
             call
             him
             Hercules
             the
             Son
             of
             Jupiter
             .
             He
             laid
             aside
             too
             the
             Garb
             and
             Ensigns
             of
             Roman
             Majesty
             ,
             wrapt
             himself
             in
             a
             Lions
             Skin
             ,
             carry'd
             a
             Club
             in
             his
             Hand
             ,
             and
             ,
             what
             was
             most
             ridiculous
             ,
             put
             on
             withall
             Purple
             Robes
             flowr'd
             with
             Gold
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             he
             became
             the
             Subject
             of
             the
             Publick
             Scorn
             and
             Derision
             ,
             having
             attempted
             to
             join
             in
             the
             same
             Habit
             the
             Softness
             of
             a
             Woman
             and
             the
             Manly
             Roughness
             of
             a
             Heroe
             .
          
           
           
             In
             this
             Equipage
             he
             appear'd
             every
             Day
             ;
             and
             now
             with
             a
             peculiar
             Strain
             of
             Vanity
             he
             chang'd
             the
             Names
             of
             the
             Months
             ,
             calling
             them
             after
             his
             own
             Sur-names
             ,
             most
             of
             which
             referr'd
             to
             Hercules
             ,
             as
             being
             a
             Heroe
             of
             the
             most
             celebrated
             Valour
             .
             He
             likewise
             commanded
             his
             Statues
             to
             be
             erected
             in
             all
             the
             Parts
             of
             the
             City
             ;
             particularly
             ,
             one
             was
             set
             up
             over
             against
             the
             Senate
             ;
             the
             Posture
             was
             drawing
             a
             Bow
             ;
             for
             he
             affected
             that
             even
             the
             Air
             of
             his
             Statues
             should
             carry
             something
             of
             Terror
             and
             Menace
             in
             it
             .
             This
             Statue
             was
             taken
             down
             after
             his
             Death
             ,
             by
             Order
             of
             the
             Senate
             ,
             and
             the
             Vacancy
             supply'd
             by
             another
             of
             Liberty
             .
          
           
             And
             now
             Commodus
             could
             not
             master
             his
             Vanity
             any
             longer
             ;
             so
             he
             caus'd
             Proclamation
             to
             be
             made
             ,
             that
             he
             would
             entertain
             the
             People
             with
             a
             Publick
             Shew
             ,
             wherein
             he
             would
             encounter
             the
             Wild
             Beasts
             in
             Person
             ,
             and
             kill
             them
             with
             his
             own
             Hands
             ;
             adding
             Defiances
             and
             Challenges
             to
             the
             Roman
             Youth
             ,
             and
             declaring
             that
             he
             would
             fight
             with
             
             any
             that
             durst
             appear
             in
             Single
             Combate
             .
          
           
             The
             Fame
             of
             this
             Entertainment
             drew
             a
             vast
             Resort
             of
             People
             out
             of
             Italy
             and
             the
             adjacent
             Countries
             ,
             all
             Men
             being
             eager
             to
             see
             what
             they
             had
             not
             so
             much
             ▪
             as
             heard
             of
             before
             :
             For
             't
             was
             reported
             that
             Commodus
             levell'd
             a
             Dart
             with
             that
             Dexterity
             and
             Address
             ,
             that
             he
             seldom
             fail'd
             of
             hitting
             his
             Mark.
             He
             had
             Parthians
             with
             him
             on
             purpose
             to
             instruct
             him
             in
             the
             Mystery
             of
             Arching
             ,
             and
             Numidians
             to
             teach
             him
             how
             to
             throw
             the
             Javelin
             ;
             and
             he
             had
             made
             such
             prodigious
             Improvement
             ,
             that
             he
             surpass'd
             them
             both
             in
             their
             respective
             Arts.
             
          
           
             And
             now
             the
             Day
             was
             come
             for
             the
             Grand
             Entertainment
             ,
             the
             Theater
             was
             extremely
             crowded
             ,
             and
             a
             Terrass
             was
             built
             for
             Commodus
             round
             the
             Place
             where
             the
             Beasts
             were
             to
             be
             shewn
             ,
             from
             whence
             ,
             without
             any
             Hazard
             to
             his
             Person
             ,
             he
             might
             dart
             upon
             them
             ,
             to
             the
             infinitely
             greater
             Proof
             of
             his
             Skill
             than
             his
             Courage
             .
             As
             for
             Bucks
             and
             Does
             ,
             and
             other
             Horned
             Beasts
             ,
             except
             Bulls
             ,
             
             he
             gave
             them
             Chace
             himself
             ,
             and
             with
             the
             fatal
             Shaft
             o'ertook
             and
             slew
             them
             in
             their
             Flight
             ;
             but
             Lions
             and
             Panthers
             ,
             with
             the
             more
             generous
             sort
             of
             Salvages
             ,
             he
             shot
             from
             the
             Terrass
             ;
             and
             so
             great
             a
             Master
             was
             he
             of
             this
             Diversion
             ,
             that
             every
             Dart
             gave
             Wounds
             ,
             and
             every
             Wound
             was
             mortal
             ;
             for
             as
             soon
             as
             the
             Beast
             was
             rous'd
             ,
             and
             had
             put
             himself
             in
             posture
             to
             insult
             him
             ,
             he
             immediately
             struck
             him
             in
             the
             Heart
             or
             Head
             ,
             which
             were
             the
             only
             Parts
             he
             aim'd
             at
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             Beast
             infallibly
             dy'd
             .
             And
             now
             we
             had
             an
             Opportunity
             of
             seeing
             what
             before
             we
             had
             only
             admir'd
             in
             Picture
             ;
             for
             whatever
             Beast
             of
             portentous
             Size
             or
             Form
             ,
             the
             South
             or
             the
             North
             ,
             India
             or
             Aethiopia
             ,
             could
             furnish
             ,
             was
             shewn
             and
             slain
             in
             Publick
             by
             the
             Emperor
             upon
             this
             Occasion
             ;
             all
             the
             Spectators
             being
             in
             perfect
             Amazement
             and
             Admiration
             of
             his
             matchless
             Skill
             .
             Sometimes
             he
             would
             take
             a
             Dart
             the
             Point
             whereof
             was
             fashion'd
             in
             the
             Shape
             of
             a
             Half-Moon
             ;
             with
             this
             he
             would
             strike
             a
             Moresco
             Estridge
             ,
             a
             Creature
             
             that
             by
             its
             Swiftness
             of
             Foot
             ,
             and
             Wings
             that
             serve
             it
             in
             stead
             of
             Sails
             ,
             runs
             at
             a
             most
             prodigious
             rate
             ,
             and
             would
             take
             off
             its
             Head
             with
             that
             force
             ,
             that
             the
             Bird
             would
             continue
             its
             Career
             a
             considerable
             time
             after
             .
             And
             when
             a
             Panther
             with
             incredible
             Swiftness
             had
             seiz'd
             a
             Man
             within
             the
             Lists
             ,
             and
             was
             about
             to
             tear
             him
             in
             pieces
             ,
             the
             Emperor
             came
             in
             seasonably
             to
             his
             Rescue
             with
             an
             Arrow
             ,
             that
             struck
             the
             Beast
             dead
             ,
             and
             fav'd
             the
             Man
             from
             the
             Jaws
             of
             Death
             .
             He
             also
             kill'd
             a
             hundred
             Lions
             with
             the
             like
             Number
             of
             Arrows
             ,
             their
             Dead
             Bodies
             fell
             in
             such
             regular
             Order
             ,
             that
             any
             Person
             might
             number
             them
             with
             ease
             ;
             nor
             was
             any
             single
             Shaft
             found
             that
             had
             not
             done
             it
             s
             design'd
             Execution
             .
          
           
             These
             Things
             ,
             tho'
             they
             were
             unbecoming
             the
             Majesty
             of
             an
             Emperor
             ,
             yet
             because
             they
             had
             in
             them
             some
             Shadow
             and
             Resemblance
             of
             Skill
             and
             Bravery
             ,
             were
             not
             unpleasing
             to
             the
             Populace
             :
             But
             when
             he
             came
             naked
             into
             the
             Theater
             ,
             and
             took
             upon
             him
             the
             Figure
             of
             
             a
             Common
             Gladiator
             ,
             this
             was
             an
             ungrateful
             Spectacle
             :
             For
             how
             must
             it
             wound
             the
             Eyes
             of
             every
             true
             Roman
             ,
             to
             see
             so
             Illustrious
             and
             High-born
             a
             Prince
             ,
             and
             Emperor
             of
             Rome
             ,
             after
             so
             many
             Triumphs
             of
             his
             Father
             and
             Ancestors
             ,
             not
             making
             War
             upon
             the
             Barbarous
             Nations
             ,
             nor
             doing
             any
             thing
             worthy
             of
             that
             Empire
             of
             which
             he
             was
             the
             Head
             ,
             but
             debasing
             his
             Imperial
             Dignity
             ,
             by
             taking
             upon
             him
             a
             Habit
             so
             notoriously
             scandalous
             and
             infamous
             ?
             Notwithstanding
             this
             ,
             Commodus
             went
             on
             with
             his
             Fencing
             ,
             and
             easily
             baffl'd
             all
             those
             that
             enter'd
             the
             Lists
             with
             him
             :
             But
             he
             did
             not
             proceed
             beyond
             Wounds
             ,
             all
             the
             Combatants
             submitting
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             confessing
             the
             Power
             of
             a
             Weapon
             in
             the
             Hand
             of
             a
             Prince
             ,
             how
             mean
             soever
             his
             Skill
             was
             in
             using
             it
             .
             And
             now
             he
             was
             so
             entirely
             given
             over
             to
             this
             extravagant
             Humour
             ,
             or
             rather
             Madness
             ,
             that
             he
             design'd
             to
             abandon
             his
             Imperial
             Palace
             ,
             and
             to
             take
             his
             Apartment
             in
             the
             Fencing-School
             .
             He
             thought
             fit
             likewise
             to
             lay
             down
             his
             Name
             of
             Hercules
             ,
             
             and
             to
             take
             up
             that
             of
             a
             certain
             Gladiator
             of
             famous
             Memory
             .
             He
             also
             took
             away
             the
             Head
             of
             the
             Colossus
             ,
             or
             the
             Statue
             of
             the
             Sun
             ,
             for
             which
             the
             Romans
             have
             a
             peculiar
             Veneration
             ,
             and
             set
             up
             his
             own
             in
             the
             Room
             ;
             and
             ,
             rejecting
             the
             ordinary
             Style
             of
             Roman
             Emperors
             ,
             inscrib'd
             upon
             the
             Basis
             ,
             
               The
               Vanquisher
               of
               a
               thousand
               Gladiators
            
             ;
             preferring
             this
             vain
             Character
             to
             all
             the
             Titles
             deriv'd
             to
             him
             from
             his
             Ancestors
             .
          
           
             But
             now
             it
             was
             time
             a
             Stop
             should
             be
             put
             to
             the
             Follies
             and
             Madness
             of
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             and
             that
             Rome
             should
             be
             freed
             from
             his
             Tyranny
             .
             It
             was
             the
             New
             Year
             ,
             the
             First
             Day
             of
             the
             Year
             ,
             at
             which
             Time
             the
             Romans
             celebrate
             a
             Festival
             to
             Janus
             ,
             the
             ancientest
             of
             the
             Italian
             Gods.
             This
             Janus
             is
             reported
             to
             have
             entertain'd
             Saturn
             when
             he
             was
             forc'd
             out
             of
             his
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             liv'd
             here
             incognito
             ,
             for
             fear
             of
             the
             prevailing
             Power
             of
             his
             Son
             Jupiter
             :
             And
             from
             hence
             the
             Country
             was
             call'd
             Latium
             ,
             from
             a
             Word
             of
             Greek
             extraction
             ,
             since
             become
             Latin
             ;
             and
             for
             this
             Reason
             the
             
             Romans
             to
             this
             Day
             celebrate
             the
             Saturnalia
             to
             the
             
               Absconding
               God
            
             ,
             immediately
             after
             the
             Feast
             of
             the
             New
             Year
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             ancient
             Usage
             of
             Italy
             .
             The
             Image
             of
             this
             Janus
             has
             two
             Faces
             ,
             because
             in
             him
             the
             Old
             Year
             ends
             ,
             and
             the
             New
             one
             begins
             .
             During
             this
             Festival
             ,
             Friends
             visit
             and
             entertain
             one
             another
             in
             an
             extraordinary
             manner
             ;
             Presents
             are
             sent
             ,
             and
             Invitations
             pass
             amongst
             Neighbours
             ;
             and
             ,
             in
             short
             ,
             an
             Humour
             of
             Generosity
             ,
             Hospitality
             ,
             and
             Freedom
             reigns
             all
             over
             the
             City
             :
             And
             at
             this
             Time
             it
             is
             the
             Principal
             Magistrates
             appear
             the
             first
             time
             in
             their
             Formalities
             .
             In
             the
             height
             of
             this
             Solemnity
             Commodus
             design'd
             to
             begin
             his
             Procession
             ,
             not
             from
             the
             Imperial
             Palace
             ,
             (
             as
             the
             Custom
             was
             )
             but
             from
             the
             Fencing-School
             ;
             not
             in
             the
             Imperial
             Robes
             ,
             but
             in
             the
             Habit
             and
             Equipage
             of
             a
             Fencing-Master
             ,
             with
             a
             Train
             of
             Gladiators
             at
             his
             Heels
             ;
             and
             thus
             attended
             ,
             he
             design'd
             to
             make
             his
             Appearance
             in
             Publick
             .
          
           
             This
             Resolution
             he
             communicated
             to
             Marcia
             ,
             one
             of
             his
             Concubines
             of
             the
             
             first
             Rate
             ;
             for
             he
             lov'd
             her
             far
             above
             all
             the
             rest
             ,
             and
             paid
             her
             all
             the
             Regard
             and
             Deference
             that
             is
             due
             to
             a
             Wife
             ,
             allowing
             her
             all
             the
             Honours
             of
             an
             Empress
             ,
             except
             that
             of
             having
             Fire
             carry'd
             before
             her
             in
             State.
             She
             presently
             perceiv'd
             how
             ridiculous
             and
             extravagant
             his
             Intention
             was
             in
             all
             the
             Circumstances
             of
             it
             ,
             and
             essay'd
             all
             the
             Ways
             imaginable
             to
             divert
             him
             from
             it
             ,
             flung
             her self
             at
             his
             Feet
             ,
             and
             besought
             him
             with
             Tears
             ,
             that
             he
             would
             not
             entrust
             his
             Person
             with
             such
             a
             Set
             of
             desperate
             Bravo's
             ,
             nor
             do
             a
             Thing
             so
             highly
             inconsistent
             with
             the
             Dignity
             of
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             .
             But
             when
             she
             found
             he
             was
             inflexible
             ,
             and
             all
             her
             Pray'rs
             signified
             nothing
             ,
             she
             departed
             with
             Tears
             in
             her
             Eyes
             .
          
           
             After
             that
             he
             call'd
             to
             him
             Laetus
             the
             Captain
             of
             his
             Life
             Guard
             ,
             and
             Electus
             the
             Gentleman
             of
             his
             Bed-Chamber
             ,
             and
             commanded
             them
             to
             furnish
             up
             an
             Apartment
             for
             him
             in
             the
             Fencing-School
             ,
             imparting
             to
             them
             his
             Intention
             of
             Marching
             from
             thence
             the
             next
             
             Morning
             ,
             to
             perform
             the
             Sacrifices
             customary
             upon
             this
             Occasion
             ,
             and
             of
             appearing
             before
             the
             People
             in
             Armour
             ;
             at
             which
             they
             were
             infinitely
             surpriz'd
             ,
             and
             besought
             ,
             and
             us'd
             their
             utmost
             Endeavours
             to
             dissuade
             him
             from
             doing
             a
             Thing
             so
             unworthy
             of
             his
             high
             Station
             and
             Character
             .
          
           
             But
             this
             only
             serv'd
             to
             incense
             him
             :
             Whereupon
             in
             great
             Rage
             he
             commanded
             them
             to
             withdraw
             ,
             and
             retir'd
             into
             his
             Bed-Chamber
             ,
             as
             if
             he
             had
             design'd
             to
             repose
             himself
             ,
             (
             as
             his
             Custom
             was
             about
             Noon
             )
             and
             there
             took
             his
             Table-book
             ,
             and
             wrote
             down
             the
             Names
             of
             those
             he
             had
             doom'd
             and
             mark'd
             out
             that
             Night
             for
             Destruction
             :
             The
             first
             of
             which
             was
             Marcia
             ,
             and
             after
             her
             Laetus
             and
             Electus
             ,
             with
             a
             great
             many
             other
             eminent
             Personages
             of
             the
             Senate
             :
             For
             he
             design'd
             to
             remove
             all
             his
             Father's
             Friends
             ,
             and
             especially
             those
             that
             were
             venerable
             for
             their
             Age
             and
             Gravity
             ,
             lest
             their
             Presence
             might
             give
             him
             some
             Check
             in
             those
             infamous
             Liberties
             which
             he
             resolv'd
             to
             abandon
             himself
             
             to
             .
             Their
             Riches
             and
             Effects
             he
             intended
             to
             distribute
             amongst
             the
             Soldiers
             and
             Gladiators
             ,
             that
             the
             first
             might
             protect
             ,
             whilst
             the
             latter
             did
             divert
             him
             .
             This
             Table-book
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             wrote
             what
             he
             intended
             ,
             he
             laid
             down
             upon
             his
             Pallet
             ,
             not
             imagining
             that
             any
             Person
             would
             enter
             his
             Chamber
             .
             Now
             there
             was
             about
             the
             Court
             one
             of
             that
             sort
             of
             Boys
             that
             go
             naked
             ,
             and
             are
             trick'd
             up
             with
             Gold
             and
             Jewels
             ,
             being
             kept
             by
             Persons
             of
             Quality
             in
             Rome
             for
             their
             Diversion
             .
             This
             Boy
             was
             a
             Favourite
             of
             the
             Emperor's
             ,
             who
             doted
             upon
             him
             to
             that
             degree
             ,
             that
             he
             frequently
             took
             him
             to
             Bed
             with
             him
             ,
             and
             call'd
             him
             Philo-Commodus
             ,
             the
             very
             Name
             expressing
             his
             peculiar
             Fondness
             of
             him
             .
             This
             Boy
             ,
             when
             Commodus
             was
             Bathing
             ,
             or
             engag'd
             at
             his
             Revels
             ,
             being
             at
             Play
             ,
             ran
             into
             the
             Emperor's
             Chamber
             ,
             as
             he
             us'd
             to
             do
             ,
             and
             taking
             up
             the
             Table-book
             ,
             began
             to
             play
             with
             that
             ,
             and
             running
             out
             of
             the
             Chamber
             again
             with
             the
             Book
             in
             his
             Hand
             ,
             accidentally
             encounter'd
             Marcia
             ,
             who
             had
             also
             a
             Kindness
             
             for
             the
             Lad
             ;
             and
             now
             she
             took
             him
             in
             her
             Arms
             ,
             and
             kiss'd
             and
             caress'd
             him
             ,
             but
             took
             the
             Book
             away
             from
             him
             ,
             for
             fear
             he
             should
             lose
             or
             deface
             something
             that
             contain'd
             Matters
             of
             moment
             .
             She
             knew
             the
             Hand
             very
             well
             ,
             and
             her
             Curiosity
             tempted
             her
             to
             look
             what
             was
             wrote
             in
             it
             :
             But
             when
             she
             found
             how
             fatal
             it
             was
             to
             her self
             ,
             that
             she
             was
             to
             be
             the
             first
             Victime
             ,
             and
             that
             Laetus
             and
             Electus
             were
             to
             follow
             ,
             and
             that
             there
             was
             a
             great
             Massacre
             to
             be
             of
             other
             Men
             ,
             she
             broke
             out
             into
             this
             Expostulation
             :
             Ah
             Commodus
             !
             
               are
               these
               then
               the
               Returns
               you
               make
               me
               for
               my
               Kindness
               and
               Passion
               !
               Have
               I
               deserv'd
               this
               at
               your
               Hands
               !
               Have
               I
               for
               this
               born
               your
               drunken
               Frollicks
               ,
               and
               all
               the
               Affronts
               and
               Indignities
               you
               have
               been
               pleas'd
               to
               put
               upon
               me
               for
               these
               many
               Years
               ?
               And
               must
               all
               this
               be
               tamely
               suffer'd
               ?
               No
               ,
               his
               Designs
               shall
               turn
               upon
               himself
               ,
               and
               he
               shall
               find
               how
               unequal
               a
               Match
               a
               drunken
               .
               Sot
               is
               for
               a
               sober
               designing
               Woman
               .
            
             After
             this
             Menace
             ,
             she
             sent
             for
             Electus
             ,
             with
             whom
             she
             had
             the
             Opportunity
             of
             frequent
             Conversations
             ,
             
             as
             being
             Gentleman
             of
             the
             Bed-chamber
             ,
             and
             was
             indeed
             suspected
             of
             Familiarities
             with
             him
             which
             were
             not
             very
             Honourable
             .
             When
             he
             was
             come
             ,
             she
             gave
             him
             the
             Book
             ,
             and
             bid
             him
             look
             after
             what
             manner
             they
             were
             like
             to
             celebrate
             this
             Festival
             .
             Electus
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             read
             it
             ,
             was
             perfectly
             astonish'd
             :
             (
             He
             was
             by
             Nation
             an
             AEgyptian
             ,
             naturally
             bold
             ,
             and
             of
             a
             fiery
             Disposition
             .
             )
             He
             sent
             the
             Book
             seal'd
             up
             immediately
             to
             Laetus
             ,
             by
             the
             Hands
             of
             a
             Servant
             in
             whom
             he
             could
             repose
             a
             more
             than
             ordinary
             Confidence
             .
             The
             Adventure
             gave
             the
             same
             Disturbance
             to
             Laetus
             ,
             it
             had
             done
             to
             the
             rest
             ;
             whereupon
             he
             came
             over
             to
             Marcia
             ,
             under
             pretence
             of
             adjusting
             by
             her
             Advice
             the
             Furniture
             of
             the
             Emperor's
             Apartment
             in
             the
             Fencing
             School
             .
             Under
             this
             Colour
             they
             held
             their
             Consult
             ,
             wherein
             it
             was
             resolved
             ,
             That
             this
             was
             no
             Time
             for
             Delays
             ;
             that
             they
             must
             instantly
             attempt
             something
             ,
             or
             perish
             in
             the
             Storm
             that
             threatned
             them
             .
          
           
           
             After
             Debate
             about
             the
             Ways
             and
             Means
             ,
             they
             resolv'd
             to
             poison
             Commodus
             .
             This
             Marcia
             undertook
             to
             do
             with
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             Ease
             ,
             because
             all
             his
             Liquors
             were
             mix'd
             and
             given
             to
             him
             by
             her
             Hand
             ;
             for
             he
             drank
             any
             Thing
             with
             a
             peculiar
             Rellish
             that
             was
             prepar'd
             by
             that
             dear
             Creature
             .
             Pursuant
             to
             the
             Resolutions
             taken
             ,
             when
             he
             return'd
             from
             the
             Bath
             ,
             Marcia
             offer'd
             him
             Poison
             mix'd
             with
             Wine
             of
             a
             most
             excellent
             Flavour
             ,
             which
             he
             drank
             without
             suspecting
             any
             thing
             ;
             for
             he
             had
             made
             himself
             extreme
             thirsty
             by
             the
             Diversions
             of
             Bathing
             and
             Hunting
             .
             After
             the
             fatal
             Draught
             ,
             he
             was
             seiz'd
             with
             a
             sudden
             Drowsiness
             ,
             which
             threw
             him
             into
             a
             Slumber
             ,
             and
             from
             thence
             into
             a
             Sleep
             .
             This
             People
             attributed
             only
             to
             the
             Fatigue
             of
             the
             Day
             .
             Hereupon
             Marcia
             and
             Electus
             commanded
             all
             the
             Company
             to
             repair
             to
             their
             respective
             Lodgings
             ,
             for
             fear
             of
             disturbing
             him
             .
             And
             less
             notice
             was
             taken
             of
             this
             Business
             ,
             because
             he
             us'd
             to
             have
             these
             Sleeping
             Fits
             ,
             which
             at
             other
             Times
             were
             the
             Effect
             
             of
             some
             inordinate
             Debauch
             ;
             for
             he
             divided
             his
             Time
             so
             between
             Bathing
             and
             Banquetting
             ,
             that
             he
             had
             set
             none
             apart
             for
             his
             Rest
             ,
             but
             was
             still
             running
             on
             in
             a
             Circle
             of
             Pleasures
             ,
             to
             which
             he
             was
             become
             so
             absolute
             a
             Slave
             ,
             that
             he
             often
             pursu'd
             them
             even
             against
             his
             Inclination
             .
             But
             after
             a
             short
             Repose
             ,
             when
             the
             Poison
             began
             to
             work
             upon
             his
             Stomach
             ,
             he
             was
             suddenly
             seiz'd
             with
             a
             Dizziness
             ,
             and
             after
             that
             ,
             vomited
             most
             excessively
             .
             What
             the
             Reason
             was
             ,
             is
             uncertain
             ;
             whether
             he
             had
             gorg'd
             himself
             with
             Meat
             before-hand
             ,
             or
             the
             Wine
             ;
             which
             he
             had
             drunk
             plentifully
             ,
             combated
             with
             ,
             and
             expell'd
             the
             Malignity
             of
             the
             Poison
             ;
             or
             whether
             he
             had
             taken
             something
             ,
             as
             Princes
             usually
             do
             ,
             by
             way
             of
             Antidote
             against
             it
             .
          
           
             However
             it
             was
             ,
             when
             they
             saw
             him
             disgorge
             at
             this
             rate
             ,
             fearing
             lest
             he
             should
             cast
             up
             all
             the
             Poison
             ,
             and
             recover
             ,
             and
             consequently
             put
             them
             all
             to
             Death
             ,
             they
             perswaded
             Narcissus
             ,
             a
             young
             Desperado
             ,
             to
             strangle
             him
             in
             his
             Chamber
             ;
             
             which
             h●
             did
             ,
             whilst
             he
             lay
             in
             that
             Condition
             ,
             languishing
             under
             the
             Malady
             which
             his
             late
             Debauch
             ,
             and
             the
             Poison
             he
             had
             taken
             ,
             had
             cast
             him
             into
             .
             Thus
             dy'd
             Commodus
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             reign'd
             Three
             Years
             from
             his
             Father's
             Death
             .
             He
             was
             the
             Noblest
             Prince
             ,
             and
             goodliest
             Person
             of
             his
             Age
             ;
             and
             if
             we
             may
             admit
             Valour
             to
             consist
             in
             Skill
             in
             Shooting
             ,
             or
             Levelling
             at
             a
             Mark
             ,
             no
             Man
             was
             more
             eminently
             possess'd
             of
             that
             Vertue
             ;
             but
             the
             whole
             Tenor
             of
             his
             Life
             was
             made
             up
             of
             base
             Actions
             ,
             and
             dishonourable
             Practices
             ,
             as
             is
             before
             related
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           
           
             AN
             EPITOME
             OF
             THE
             Second
             Book
             .
          
           
             COmmodus
             being
             slain
             ,
             it
             is
             given
             out
             that
             he
             died
             of
             an
             Apoplexy
             ,
             and
             Pertinax
             is
             elected
             Emperor
             ,
             as
             being
             the
             most
             worthy
             of
             that
             Honour
             .
             He
             declines
             it
             ,
             but
             is
             prevail'd
             upon
             at
             last
             by
             the
             Instances
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             and
             accepts
             it
             .
             The
             Soldiery
             ,
             Senate
             ,
             and
             People
             of
             Rome
             proclaim
             him
             Emperor
             .
             He
             makes
             a
             Speech
             ,
             sacrifices
             ,
             and
             then
             goes
             to
             his
             Palace
             .
             In
             his
             Government
             he
             has
             a
             strict
             Regard
             to
             Equity
             and
             Justice
             for
             which
             Reason
             he
             is
             extremely
             belov'd
             by
             the
             People
             ,
             both
             in
             Rome
             and
             the
             Provinces
             ,
             and
             no
             less
             formidable
             to
             his
             Enemies
             :
             But
             to
             the
             Soldiers
             he
             is
             insupportable
             ,
             
             because
             they
             are
             restrain'd
             from
             Rapine
             and
             Injury
             .
             So
             they
             form
             a
             Conspiracy
             against
             him
             ,
             and
             kill
             him
             ,
             and
             then
             shut
             themselves
             up
             in
             the
             Camp
             ,
             and
             make
             Proclamation
             that
             the
             Empire
             is
             to
             be
             sold
             by
             
               Auction
               .
               Julian
            
             was
             the
             Purchaser
             ,
             and
             administer'd
             it
             as
             shamefully
             as
             he
             got
             it
             .
             Whereupon
             Niger
             ,
             Prefect
             of
             Syria
             ,
             is
             chosen
             ,
             and
             holds
             his
             Court
             in
             Antioch
             :
             But
             being
             not
             so
             active
             as
             his
             Affairs
             requir'd
             ,
             Severus
             seizes
             the
             Empire
             ,
             under
             colour
             of
             Revenging
             
             Pertinax's
             Death
             ,
             and
             is
             proclaim'd
             Emperor
             in
             Pannonia
             ,
             from
             whence
             he
             marches
             directly
             to
             Rome
             ,
             where
             ,
             upon
             his
             Arrival
             ,
             the
             Senate
             confirm
             his
             Election
             ,
             and
             order
             Julian
             to
             be
             put
             to
             Death
             ,
             who
             is
             executed
             accordingly
             by
             a
             Tribune
             appointed
             for
             that
             purpose
             .
             Severus
             cashiers
             all
             the
             Soldiers
             concern'd
             in
             the
             Assassination
             of
             Pertinax
             :
             And
             having
             made
             Albinus
             ,
             Prefect
             of
             Britain
             ,
             his
             Collegue
             in
             the
             Empire
             ,
             advances
             against
             Niger
             with
             a
             mighty
             Army
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Second
             Book
             .
          
           
             COmmodus
             being
             slain
             ,
             as
             we
             have
             related
             in
             the
             former
             Book
             ,
             the
             Conspirators
             had
             a
             mind
             to
             keep
             this
             Matter
             from
             taking
             Air
             ;
             and
             for
             a
             Blind
             to
             the
             Guards
             that
             were
             then
             upon
             Duty
             about
             the
             Court
             ▪
             they
             wrapp'd
             up
             his
             Body
             in
             a
             course
             Blanket
             ,
             and
             gave
             it
             to
             two
             Servants
             of
             known
             Fidelity
             ,
             to
             carry
             it
             out
             of
             the
             Palace
             ,
             as
             if
             it
             had
             been
             some
             unnecessary
             Furniture
             ,
             that
             only
             cumber'd
             the
             Chamber
             .
             They
             did
             so
             ,
             and
             pass'd
             the
             Guards
             without
             Difficulty
             ,
             some
             of
             which
             were
             drunk
             ,
             others
             so
             sleepy
             they
             were
             scarce
             able
             to
             hold
             their
             Halberts
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             were
             not
             at
             all
             inquisitive
             about
             a
             Matter
             which
             they
             thought
             did
             not
             concern
             them
             .
             So
             the
             Emperor's
             Body
             was
             convey'd
             away
             privately
             ,
             and
             carry'd
             that
             Night
             by
             Coach
             to
             Aristeum
             .
          
           
             And
             now
             
               Laetus
               ,
               Electus
            
             ,
             and
             Marcia
             were
             in
             deep
             Consult
             about
             what
             was
             
             to
             be
             done
             in
             this
             critical
             Conjuncture
             .
             At
             last
             they
             fell
             upon
             this
             Resolution
             ,
             That
             it
             should
             be
             given
             out
             ,
             that
             he
             dy'd
             suddenly
             of
             an
             Apoplexy
             ;
             for
             they
             thought
             this
             Report
             would
             easily
             gain
             Credit
             ,
             because
             of
             the
             Notoriety
             of
             his
             luxurious
             and
             irregular
             Way
             of
             Living
             .
             The
             next
             Point
             that
             came
             under
             Debate
             ,
             was
             about
             a
             Successor
             ;
             and
             they
             resolv'd
             to
             chuse
             some
             grave
             old
             Man
             ,
             that
             had
             a
             competent
             Degree
             of
             Prudence
             and
             Experience
             to
             recommend
             him
             ,
             under
             whose
             Government
             not
             only
             they
             might
             live
             securely
             ,
             but
             all
             Men
             might
             enjoy
             Repose
             and
             Quiet
             ,
             which
             they
             had
             been
             so
             long
             depriv'd
             of
             by
             a
             Tyrannical
             Administration
             ;
             and
             after
             long
             Deliberation
             about
             a
             Person
             ,
             none
             was
             found
             so
             fit
             a
             Man
             ,
             or
             so
             worthy
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             as
             Pertinax
             .
          
           
             This
             Pertinax
             was
             by
             Nation
             an
             Italian
             ,
             much
             renown'd
             for
             his
             successful
             Atchievements
             in
             Time
             of
             War
             ▪
             and
             his
             prudent
             Ministry
             in
             Time
             of
             Peace
             .
             He
             had
             signaliz'd
             himself
             in
             his
             Expeditions
             against
             the
             Germans
             ;
             and
             the
             Eastern
             
             Nations
             ,
             over
             whom
             he
             had
             obtain'd
             great
             Victories
             ;
             and
             he
             was
             the
             only
             Person
             surviving
             of
             those
             grave
             and
             wise
             Men
             whom
             Marcus
             honour'd
             with
             his
             Friendship
             and
             Confidence
             .
             The
             Reason
             why
             he
             was
             spar'd
             ,
             is
             uncertain
             :
             Whether
             Commodus
             rever'd
             him
             for
             the
             Dignity
             and
             Gravity
             of
             his
             Deportment
             ,
             or
             he
             had
             no
             Regards
             of
             Interest
             to
             move
             him
             to
             cut
             him
             off
             :
             For
             this
             also
             is
             part
             of
             his
             Panegyrick
             ,
             that
             though
             he
             had
             run
             through
             the
             greatest
             Charges
             and
             Employments
             of
             any
             ,
             yet
             he
             had
             made
             the
             smallest
             Improvement
             of
             his
             own
             Fortune
             .
          
           
             
               To
               him
            
             Laetus
             and
             Electus
             ,
             
               with
               some
               others
               of
               the
               Conspirators
               ,
               came
               at
               Midnight
               ,
               when
               all
               Men
               were
               asleep
               ;
               and
               finding
               his
               Gates
               lock'd
               ,
               awaken'd
               the
               Porter
               ,
               who
               ,
               as
               soon
               as
               he
               descry'd
               the
               Soldiers
               ,
               and
            
             Laetus
             ,
             
               Captain
               of
               the
               Guard
               ,
               among
               them
               ,
               in
               great
               consternation
               he
               runs
               back
               to
               acquaint
               his
               Master
               .
            
             Pertinax
             
               commanded
               him
               to
               conduct
               them
               to
               him
               ,
               without
               any
               greater
               Emotion
               than
               the
               saying
               ,
            
             That
             now
             what
             
             he
             had
             so
             long
             expected
             ,
             was
             come
             to
             pass
             .
             
               And
               he
               maintain'd
               all
               the
               Time
               such
               a
               Sedateness
               and
               Constancy
               of
               Mind
               ,
               that
               he
               did
               not
               so
               much
               as
               move
               himself
               from
               the
               Bed
               ,
               or
               alter
               the
               Air
               of
               his
               Face
               .
               And
               when
            
             Laetus
             and
             Electus
             
               made
               their
               Approach
               ,
               tho'
               he
               concluded
               they
               came
               to
               kill
               him
               ,
               yet
               he
               never
               chang'd
               Colour
               ,
               but
               spoke
               to
               them
               with
               a
               becoming
               Boldness
               and
               Gravity
               of
               Countenance
               .
            
             I
             've
             expected
             ,
             
               says
               he
            
             ,
             a
             long
             time
             that
             this
             Period
             should
             be
             put
             to
             my
             Days
             ,
             being
             the
             only
             Person
             remaining
             of
             the
             Friends
             of
             the
             deceas'd
             Emperor
             ;
             and
             I
             must
             confess
             ,
             I
             have
             wonder'd
             why
             Commodus
             has
             suspended
             the
             Blow
             so
             long
             .
             And
             as
             for
             you
             ,
             Gentlemen
             ,
             what
             do
             you
             stay
             of
             ?
             Why
             don't
             you
             execute
             your
             Warrant
             ,
             and
             dispatch
             me
             out
             of
             this
             wretched
             State
             of
             Anxiety
             and
             Misery
             ?
             Laetus
             reply'd
             ,
             Pray
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             forbear
             speaking
             Things
             so
             unworthy
             your
             Character
             ,
             and
             the
             former
             Course
             of
             your
             Life
             .
             We
             come
             not
             hither
             to
             be
             your
             Executioners
             ,
             but
             to
             compleat
             the
             Preservation
             and
             Deliverance
             of
             us
             ,
             your self
             ,
             and
             the
             Roman
             People
             ,
             from
             Tyranny
             
             and
             Slavery
             .
             The
             Tyrant
             is
             slain
             ,
             and
             has
             receiv'd
             the
             Chastisement
             due
             to
             his
             Extravagance
             and
             Folly.
             We
             have
             prevented
             him
             ,
             and
             he
             has
             suffer'd
             that
             from
             our
             Hands
             ,
             which
             he
             design'd
             we
             should
             undergo
             by
             his
             .
             And
             now
             we
             come
             to
             offer
             the
             Empire
             to
             you
             ,
             the
             Leading
             Man
             in
             the
             Senate
             ,
             as
             well
             in
             regard
             of
             your
             Authority
             and
             Age
             ,
             as
             of
             the
             constant
             Moderation
             and
             Sobriety
             of
             your
             Manners
             .
             We
             know
             also
             ,
             that
             none
             maintains
             so
             great
             a
             Share
             as
             you
             in
             the
             Vogue
             and
             Affections
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             and
             for
             that
             Reason
             assure
             our selves
             ,
             that
             by
             this
             Action
             of
             ours
             we
             shall
             not
             only
             provide
             for
             our
             own
             Safety
             ,
             but
             merit
             Esteem
             and
             Applause
             from
             every
             true
             Roman
             .
          
           
             Pertinax
             answer'd
             ,
             Pray
             ,
             Gentlemen
             ,
             don't
             banter
             an
             old
             Man
             at
             this
             rate
             :
             I
             am
             not
             sunk
             into
             such
             Meanness
             and
             Abjectness
             of
             Spirit
             ,
             as
             that
             you
             should
             thus
             abuse
             me
             before
             you
             kill
             me
             .
             Nay
             then
             ,
             said
             Electus
             ,
             if
             you
             won't
             take
             our
             Word
             ,
             pray
             read
             this
             Book
             ,
             (
             you
             know
             and
             have
             been
             accustom'd
             to
             the
             Emperor's
             Hand
             )
             and
             you
             'll
             perceive
             how
             great
             a
             Danger
             we
             have
             escap'd
             ,
             and
             that
             what
             we
             say
             now
             ,
             is
             not
             to
             ensnare
             ,
             but
             
             to
             inform
             you
             of
             the
             true
             State
             of
             Things
             .
             
               And
               now
            
             Pertinax
             
               began
               to
               overcome
               his
               Incredulity
               ,
               and
               to
               believe
               what
               they
               said
               ;
               and
               understanding
               the
               whole
               Matter
               ,
               told
               them
               ,
            
             he
             was
             intirely
             at
             their
             Disposal
             ,
             and
             would
             pursue
             such
             Measures
             as
             they
             should
             direct
             .
             
               And
               they
               thought
               it
               the
               most
               advisable
               in
               the
               first
               place
               to
               go
               to
               the
               Army
               ,
               and
               sound
               the
               Inclinations
               of
               the
               Soldiers
               ;
               tho'
            
             Laetus
             
               assur'd
               them
               ,
               he
               could
               influence
               them
               to
               do
               what
               he
               pleas'd
               ,
               in
               regard
               he
               was
               their
               Commander
               ,
               and
               upon
               that
               Score
               might
               pretend
               to
               a
               more
               than
               ordinary
               Authority
               over
               them
               .
               So
               they
               all
               went
               immediately
               to
               the
               Army
               .
            
          
           
             And
             now
             the
             Night
             was
             far
             spent
             ,
             and
             the
             Day
             for
             the
             Celebration
             of
             the
             Festival
             approach'd
             :
             But
             all
             Things
             were
             adjusted
             before
             Morning
             ,
             and
             certain
             Men
             were
             order'd
             to
             spread
             abroad
             the
             Report
             ,
             that
             Commodus
             was
             dead
             ,
             and
             that
             Pertinax
             was
             to
             succeed
             him
             ,
             and
             was
             gone
             to
             the
             Army
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             his
             Election
             .
          
           
           
             After
             this
             News
             was
             publickly
             known
             ,
             the
             People
             were
             visibly
             transported
             into
             strange
             Emotions
             and
             Ecstasies
             .
             A
             great
             many
             ran
             about
             the
             Streets
             ,
             and
             handed
             to
             their
             Friends
             the
             welcome
             Tydings
             ,
             especially
             to
             those
             of
             the
             most
             considerable
             Fortune
             or
             Quality
             ;
             for
             they
             had
             the
             greatest
             Reason
             to
             rejoyce
             upon
             this
             Occasion
             ,
             as
             being
             deliver'd
             from
             the
             most
             imminent
             Danger
             .
             Then
             they
             ran
             to
             the
             Temples
             and
             Altars
             ,
             to
             render
             Thanks
             to
             the
             Immortal
             Gods
             for
             this
             signal
             Deliverance
             ;
             some
             crying
             aloud
             ,
             
               The
               Gladiator
            
             ,
             others
             ,
             
               The
               Tyrant
               is
               dead
            
             .
             And
             some
             there
             were
             that
             broke
             out
             into
             far
             more
             bitter
             Reproaches
             ;
             all
             which
             ,
             during
             the
             late
             Tyranny
             ,
             were
             stifled
             ,
             none
             daring
             even
             to
             whisper
             those
             Things
             ,
             which
             now
             they
             proclaim'd
             with
             great
             freedom
             and
             liberty
             .
             After
             this
             ,
             great
             Numbers
             of
             the
             People
             went
             in
             a
             tumultuary
             manner
             to
             the
             Army
             ,
             for
             fear
             the
             Soldiers
             should
             oppose
             the
             Promotion
             of
             Pertinax
             ;
             for
             he
             was
             a
             Man
             famous
             for
             Temper
             and
             Moderation
             ,
             and
             therefore
             they
             fansied
             
             might
             not
             be
             very
             agreeable
             to
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             who
             had
             minister'd
             to
             the
             Lusts
             of
             Tyrants
             ,
             and
             under
             their
             Shelter
             and
             Countenance
             had
             committed
             the
             greatest
             Violences
             and
             Rapines
             .
             The
             purpose
             therefore
             of
             their
             coming
             ,
             was
             to
             force
             them
             to
             a
             Compliance
             ,
             in
             case
             they
             should
             endeavour
             any
             Opposition
             .
             After
             they
             were
             assembled
             in
             the
             Camp
             ,
             Laetus
             and
             Electus
             introduc'd
             Pertinax
             ,
             and
             presented
             him
             to
             them
             ;
             and
             having
             call'd
             the
             Soldiers
             together
             ,
             Laetus
             made
             this
             Harangue
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     LAETUS
                     his
                     SPEECH
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     Am
                     to
                     acquaint
                     you
                     ,
                     Gentlemen
                     ,
                     That
                     Commodus
                     your
                     Emperor
                     is
                     dead
                     of
                     an
                     Apoplexy
                     ,
                     occasion'd
                     by
                     his
                     own
                     Intemperance
                     ;
                     for
                     he
                     despis'd
                     the
                     wholesom
                     and
                     sober
                     Advices
                     which
                     we
                     gave
                     him
                     ,
                     and
                     living
                     on
                     at
                     the
                     Rate
                     which
                     you
                     very
                     well
                     know
                     ,
                     was
                     at
                     last
                     perfectly
                     choak'd
                     up
                     with
                     excessive
                     Eating
                     .
                     This
                     is
                     ,
                     Gentlemen
                     ,
                     the
                     Account
                     of
                     his
                     Death
                     .
                     Indeed
                     every
                     Man
                     has
                     not
                     the
                     same
                     Fate
                     ;
                     the
                     Causes
                     of
                     Death
                     are
                     
                     various
                     almost
                     as
                     the
                     Casualties
                     of
                     Life
                     ;
                     and
                     tho'
                     we
                     must
                     all
                     die
                     ,
                     yet
                     we
                     tread
                     different
                     Paths
                     to
                     that
                     Common
                     End.
                     In
                     his
                     Room
                     ,
                     we
                     and
                     the
                     Roman
                     People
                     propose
                     to
                     you
                     a
                     Man
                     that
                     has
                     the
                     Recommendations
                     of
                     Age
                     ,
                     Sobriety
                     ,
                     great
                     Military
                     Experience
                     .
                     As
                     to
                     the
                     last
                     of
                     these
                     ,
                     I
                     dare
                     appeal
                     to
                     the
                     Testimony
                     of
                     all
                     those
                     that
                     have
                     been
                     any
                     considerable
                     Time
                     in
                     the
                     Army
                     ,
                     and
                     assure
                     my self
                     ,
                     they
                     can't
                     but
                     speak
                     honourably
                     of
                     his
                     Conduct
                     in
                     all
                     his
                     Expeditions
                     .
                     Nor
                     have
                     the
                     rest
                     of
                     you
                     less
                     admir'd
                     his
                     Prudence
                     and
                     Moderation
                     in
                     the
                     whole
                     Course
                     of
                     his
                     Ministry
                     at
                     home
                     ,
                     tho'
                     he
                     govern'd
                     the
                     Affairs
                     of
                     the
                     City
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     Capacity
                     of
                     Praefect
                     ,
                     divers
                     Years
                     ;
                     and
                     now
                     ,
                     by
                     the
                     Bounty
                     of
                     Heaven
                     ,
                     he
                     's
                     offer'd
                     not
                     to
                     be
                     only
                     a
                     Prince
                     ,
                     but
                     a
                     Common
                     Father
                     to
                     you
                     all
                     .
                     Besides
                     ,
                     this
                     Election
                     will
                     afford
                     Matter
                     of
                     great
                     Joy
                     and
                     Contentment
                     ,
                     not
                     only
                     to
                     you
                     that
                     are
                     here
                     assembled
                     ,
                     but
                     to
                     our
                     Army
                     also
                     that
                     lies
                     encamp'd
                     upon
                     the
                     Ister
                     ,
                     bravely
                     guarding
                     the
                     Frontiers
                     of
                     our
                     Empire
                     ,
                     which
                     can't
                     upon
                     this
                     Occasion
                     but
                     make
                     a
                     comfortable
                     Reflexion
                     upon
                     those
                     many
                     great
                     and
                     glorious
                     Exploits
                     of
                     his
                     to
                     which
                     themselves
                     have
                     been
                     
                     Witnesses
                     .
                     We
                     shall
                     need
                     no
                     longer
                     dishonourably
                     to
                     purchase
                     a
                     precarious
                     Peace
                     with
                     the
                     Barbarous
                     Nations
                     ;
                     the
                     Memory
                     of
                     his
                     victorious
                     Expeditions
                     against
                     them
                     ,
                     will
                     awe
                     them
                     into
                     Subjection
                     ;
                     and
                     the
                     Experience
                     of
                     his
                     Bravery
                     in
                     Times
                     past
                     ,
                     will
                     restrain
                     them
                     from
                     provoking
                     it
                     for
                     the
                     future
                     .
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             After
             Laetus
             had
             spoke
             ,
             the
             People
             impatient
             of
             Delay
             ,
             whilst
             the
             Soldiers
             were
             debating
             and
             demurring
             upon
             the
             Proposal
             ,
             without
             waiting
             the
             Result
             ,
             proclaim'd
             him
             Emperor
             ,
             and
             Father
             of
             his
             Country
             ,
             with
             loud
             Acclamations
             of
             Joy.
             The
             Soldiers
             did
             the
             same
             ,
             but
             not
             with
             the
             same
             Chearfulness
             and
             Affection
             ,
             but
             rather
             as
             if
             they
             had
             been
             constrain'd
             to
             it
             by
             an
             over-powering
             Multitude
             (
             surrounding
             them
             on
             every
             Side
             )
             and
             had
             comply'd
             with
             a
             Thing
             which
             was
             impossible
             to
             oppose
             ;
             for
             ,
             in
             regard
             it
             was
             a
             Festival
             ,
             they
             were
             without
             their
             Arms.
             However
             ,
             they
             took
             the
             Oaths
             of
             Allegiance
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             sacrific'd
             to
             the
             Gods
             ;
             after
             which
             ,
             the
             whole
             Army
             and
             People
             ,
             carrying
             Branches
             of
             Laurel
             ,
             
             accompanied
             him
             to
             the
             Imperial
             Palace
             with
             great
             Solemnity
             .
          
           
             And
             here
             his
             Cares
             and
             Fears
             gave
             him
             great
             Uneasiness
             ;
             for
             tho'
             he
             had
             always
             discover'd
             great
             Constancy
             and
             Presence
             of
             Mind
             in
             all
             Emergencies
             ,
             yet
             now
             he
             was
             extremely
             shock'd
             upon
             duely
             weighing
             the
             present
             Condition
             of
             Affairs
             :
             Not
             on
             the
             Account
             of
             any
             Personal
             Dangers
             which
             he
             might
             apprehend
             to
             himself
             ;
             for
             he
             had
             contemn'd
             far
             greater
             at
             other
             times
             ,
             than
             he
             had
             now
             any
             Reason
             to
             fear
             .
             But
             he
             consider'd
             the
             sudden
             Change
             of
             Tyrannical
             Government
             ;
             that
             his
             Promotion
             might
             occasion
             great
             Resentments
             in
             some
             of
             the
             Nobility
             ,
             who
             would
             not
             brook
             ,
             that
             a
             Man
             so
             meanly
             born
             ,
             should
             succeed
             a
             Prince
             so
             nobly
             descended
             as
             Commodus
             :
             For
             tho'
             he
             was
             much
             celebrated
             for
             his
             Moderation
             and
             Civil
             Prudence
             ,
             and
             had
             gain'd
             also
             great
             Renown
             by
             his
             Military
             Atchievements
             ,
             yet
             a
             great
             many
             excell'd
             him
             in
             the
             Nobility
             of
             their
             Lineage
             .
             Therefore
             in
             the
             Morning
             he
             went
             to
             the
             Senate
             ,
             but
             
             would
             not
             suffer
             Fire
             ,
             nor
             any
             Ensign
             of
             Imperial
             Dignity
             to
             be
             carried
             before
             him
             ,
             till
             the
             Senate
             had
             declar'd
             themselves
             in
             the
             Point
             of
             his
             Election
             .
          
           
             After
             he
             had
             enter'd
             the
             Senate
             ,
             by
             the
             unanimous
             Suffrage
             of
             the
             House
             he
             was
             declar'd
             Emperor
             ;
             but
             he
             declin'd
             the
             Honour
             ,
             saying
             ,
             it
             would
             draw
             too
             great
             a
             Weight
             of
             Envy
             upon
             him
             ;
             and
             earnestly
             entreated
             to
             be
             excus'd
             ,
             alledging
             his
             Inability
             for
             so
             great
             a
             Charge
             ,
             upon
             the
             Account
             of
             his
             Age
             ;
             and
             that
             there
             were
             a
             great
             many
             of
             the
             Senators
             far
             more
             worthy
             of
             so
             great
             and
             honourable
             a
             Trust
             ;
             and
             taking
             out
             Glabrio
             ,
             would
             have
             plac'd
             him
             on
             the
             Imperial
             Throne
             .
             He
             was
             the
             most
             nobly
             descended
             of
             all
             the
             Senators
             ,
             deducing
             his
             Pedigree
             from
             Aeneas
             ,
             the
             Son
             of
             Venus
             and
             Anchises
             ,
             and
             had
             been
             twice
             Consul
             .
             But
             he
             excus'd
             himself
             very
             handsomly
             ,
             and
             told
             him
             ,
             Since
             he
             was
             pleas'd
             to
             single
             him
             out
             as
             the
             most
             worthy
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             he
             did
             freely
             resign
             all
             his
             Title
             and
             Interest
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             with
             the
             concurring
             Voices
             of
             the
             whole
             
             Senate
             ,
             declar'd
             him
             Emperor
             .
             After
             which
             Pertinax
             ,
             being
             unable
             to
             resist
             the
             violent
             and
             pressing
             Instances
             of
             all
             Men
             ,
             with
             a
             kind
             of
             Reluctancy
             ascended
             the
             Imperial
             Throne
             ,
             and
             deliver'd
             himself
             in
             the
             following
             Words
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     PERTINAX
                     his
                     SPEECH
                     .
                  
                   
                     GEntlemen
                     ,
                     this
                     signal
                     Honour
                     which
                     you
                     do
                     me
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     extraordinary
                     Zeal
                     and
                     Affection
                     which
                     you
                     discover
                     on
                     this
                     Occasion
                     ,
                     by
                     preferring
                     me
                     to
                     so
                     many
                     Noble
                     Peers
                     ,
                     does
                     not
                     only
                     exclude
                     all
                     Suspicion
                     of
                     Flattery
                     ,
                     but
                     is
                     a
                     strong
                     Argument
                     of
                     your
                     Good-will
                     and
                     sincere
                     Intentions
                     .
                     Such
                     Assurances
                     of
                     your
                     Favour
                     would
                     encourage
                     another
                     Man
                     chearfully
                     to
                     accept
                     so
                     great
                     and
                     gracious
                     an
                     Offer
                     ,
                     and
                     make
                     him
                     conceive
                     Hopes
                     of
                     an
                     easie
                     and
                     a
                     happy
                     Reign
                     ,
                     where
                     he
                     should
                     meet
                     with
                     such
                     good
                     Dispositions
                     in
                     the
                     Subject
                     .
                     But
                     these
                     Things
                     have
                     a
                     contrary
                     Effect
                     upon
                     me
                     ,
                     and
                     rather
                     administer
                     Matter
                     of
                     Wonder
                     and
                     Amazement
                     ,
                     and
                     fill
                     me
                     with
                     a
                     Fear
                     and
                     Diffidence
                     ,
                     when
                     I
                     consider
                     the
                     Difficulty
                     of
                     making
                     a
                     Return
                     
                     suitable
                     to
                     so
                     great
                     a
                     Merit
                     .
                     For
                     in
                     the
                     Intercourse
                     of
                     Good
                     Offices
                     ,
                     if
                     the
                     Requital
                     be
                     greater
                     than
                     the
                     Benefit
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     not
                     so
                     much
                     valu'd
                     for
                     that
                     ,
                     as
                     for
                     the
                     Intention
                     with
                     which
                     it
                     is
                     made
                     .
                     But
                     in
                     the
                     Case
                     of
                     a
                     prior
                     Obligation
                     ,
                     if
                     the
                     Return
                     be
                     not
                     proportionate
                     to
                     the
                     Benefit
                     receiv'd
                     ,
                     we
                     presently
                     fall
                     under
                     the
                     Censure
                     and
                     Imputation
                     of
                     Ingratitude
                     ,
                     and
                     shall
                     be
                     rather
                     thought
                     insensible
                     of
                     the
                     Kindness
                     ,
                     than
                     unable
                     to
                     requite
                     it
                     .
                     And
                     now
                     I
                     see
                     what
                     almost
                     insuperable
                     Difficulties
                     I
                     am
                     to
                     encounter
                     ,
                     to
                     make
                     my
                     future
                     Behaviour
                     worthy
                     of
                     the
                     present
                     Honour
                     you
                     have
                     done
                     me
                     :
                     For
                     it
                     is
                     not
                     Dignity
                     of
                     Place
                     ,
                     but
                     of
                     Manners
                     ,
                     that
                     gives
                     a
                     true
                     Preheminence
                     ;
                     and
                     the
                     more
                     Men
                     detest
                     the
                     Vices
                     of
                     the
                     past
                     Age
                     ,
                     the
                     more
                     they
                     wish
                     for
                     a
                     Reformation
                     of
                     this
                     .
                     For
                     Injuries
                     make
                     a
                     lasting
                     Impression
                     ;
                     but
                     the
                     very
                     Ideas
                     of
                     Benefits
                     receiv'd
                     ,
                     are
                     soon
                     lost
                     and
                     defac'd
                     .
                     Nor
                     are
                     Men
                     so
                     sensible
                     of
                     the
                     Enjoyment
                     of
                     Liberty
                     ,
                     as
                     of
                     the
                     Want
                     of
                     it
                     :
                     For
                     where
                     's
                     the
                     Obligation
                     ,
                     say
                     they
                     ,
                     if
                     we
                     have
                     the
                     free
                     Use
                     of
                     what
                     is
                     our
                     own
                     ?
                     'T
                     is
                     only
                     our
                     Right
                     .
                     And
                     few
                     will
                     be
                     found
                     that
                     will
                     make
                     any
                     Acknowledgments
                     upon
                     that
                     Score
                     :
                     
                     But
                     if
                     their
                     Properties
                     come
                     to
                     be
                     invaded
                     ,
                     and
                     their
                     Goods
                     are
                     taken
                     away
                     by
                     Force
                     ,
                     this
                     they
                     can
                     never
                     forget
                     .
                     Another
                     Thing
                     is
                     ,
                     few
                     Private
                     Persons
                     have
                     a
                     due
                     Regard
                     for
                     the
                     Publick
                     Good
                     ,
                     or
                     think
                     their
                     own
                     Interest
                     involv'd
                     in
                     that
                     of
                     the
                     Community
                     :
                     But
                     if
                     they
                     be
                     aggriev'd
                     in
                     their
                     own
                     Particular
                     ,
                     they
                     presently
                     exclaim
                     against
                     the
                     Government
                     ,
                     and
                     think
                     they
                     're
                     hardly
                     dealt
                     with
                     .
                     On
                     the
                     other
                     hand
                     ,
                     those
                     that
                     have
                     been
                     supported
                     by
                     the
                     profuse
                     Largesses
                     of
                     Tyrants
                     ,
                     if
                     you
                     consider
                     the
                     general
                     want
                     of
                     Money
                     ,
                     and
                     thereupon
                     retrench
                     the
                     Publick
                     Expences
                     ,
                     won't
                     commend
                     your
                     Prudence
                     or
                     Frugality
                     in
                     this
                     Regulation
                     ;
                     but
                     will
                     presently
                     accuse
                     you
                     of
                     a
                     sordid
                     Meanness
                     and
                     Narrowness
                     of
                     Spirit
                     ;
                     never
                     considering
                     ,
                     that
                     those
                     extravagant
                     Donatives
                     can't
                     be
                     furnish'd
                     without
                     Extortion
                     and
                     Oppression
                     of
                     the
                     Subject
                     :
                     Whereas
                     he
                     that
                     proportions
                     his
                     Rewards
                     to
                     the
                     Merit
                     of
                     the
                     Persons
                     ,
                     is
                     not
                     only
                     not
                     injurious
                     in
                     this
                     Particular
                     ,
                     but
                     reads
                     a
                     Lecture
                     of
                     Frugality
                     to
                     the
                     People
                     .
                     Think
                     therefore
                     ,
                     Gentlemen
                     ,
                     of
                     these
                     Things
                     ,
                     and
                     assist
                     me
                     in
                     the
                     Administration
                     wherein
                     your selves
                     are
                     to
                     have
                     a
                     Share
                     ;
                     let
                     us
                     be
                     as
                     united
                     
                     in
                     our
                     Endeavours
                     ,
                     as
                     we
                     are
                     in
                     our
                     Interests
                     ;
                     and
                     seeing
                     you
                     are
                     not
                     to
                     live
                     under
                     Tyranny
                     and
                     Arbitrary
                     Power
                     ,
                     but
                     under
                     the
                     Freedom
                     of
                     an
                     Oligarchy
                     ,
                     you
                     may
                     not
                     only
                     hope
                     for
                     Happiness
                     your selves
                     ,
                     but
                     may
                     also
                     give
                     Assurances
                     of
                     it
                     to
                     others
                     .
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             This
             Declaration
             of
             Pertinax
             highly
             satisfied
             the
             Senate
             ,
             after
             which
             he
             was
             receiv'd
             with
             loud
             Acclamations
             of
             Joy
             ,
             and
             the
             greatest
             Marks
             of
             Honour
             and
             Respect
             ;
             and
             having
             visited
             the
             Temples
             of
             Jupiter
             and
             the
             other
             Gods
             ,
             and
             sacrific'd
             according
             to
             the
             Custom
             ,
             he
             retir'd
             to
             the
             Imperial
             Palace
             .
             After
             this
             Speech
             was
             made
             Publick
             ,
             and
             the
             People
             had
             read
             a
             Declaration
             of
             his
             that
             was
             directed
             to
             them
             ,
             they
             discover'd
             great
             Signs
             of
             a
             general
             Contentment
             and
             Satisfaction
             ;
             for
             all
             Men
             were
             of
             Opinion
             that
             he
             would
             make
             a
             Prudent
             and
             a
             Gentle
             Prince
             ,
             and
             a
             Father
             rather
             than
             an
             Emperor
             :
             For
             he
             had
             already
             commanded
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             under
             severe
             Penalties
             ,
             not
             to
             offer
             any
             Rudeness
             to
             the
             People
             ,
             nor
             to
             affront
             any
             
             Person
             that
             pass'd
             by
             ;
             and
             design'd
             to
             reform
             the
             whole
             Discipline
             ,
             and
             restore
             all
             Things
             to
             their
             ancient
             Course
             and
             Order
             .
          
           
             Whenever
             he
             appear'd
             abroad
             ,
             or
             sat
             in
             the
             Courts
             of
             Judicature
             ,
             he
             still
             discover'd
             a
             Spirit
             of
             Mildness
             ,
             Humanity
             ,
             and
             Good-nature
             .
             And
             now
             the
             Government
             began
             to
             be
             influenc'd
             by
             the
             same
             gentle
             Principles
             that
             were
             observ'd
             by
             Marcus
             ,
             whose
             Princely
             Vertues
             he
             emulated
             in
             all
             Things
             ;
             which
             gave
             him
             the
             general
             Esteem
             and
             Approbation
             of
             all
             the
             old
             Men
             that
             remembred
             Marcus
             :
             Nor
             was
             he
             less
             dear
             to
             the
             rest
             ,
             whom
             he
             easily
             won
             to
             him
             by
             that
             happy
             Change
             which
             he
             had
             introduc'd
             in
             the
             Government
             ,
             wherein
             every
             Subject
             might
             enjoy
             Security
             and
             Repose
             ,
             in
             stead
             of
             the
             Fears
             and
             Molestations
             they
             were
             liable
             to
             under
             the
             late
             Tyranny
             .
             The
             Fame
             of
             these
             Things
             being
             carried
             to
             distant
             Nations
             ,
             excited
             the
             People
             as
             well
             as
             the
             Soldiery
             ,
             and
             not
             only
             our
             own
             ,
             but
             those
             of
             our
             Allies
             ,
             to
             decree
             him
             Divine
             Honours
             .
             
             And
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             some
             of
             which
             were
             actually
             revolted
             ,
             and
             others
             upon
             the
             point
             of
             running
             into
             the
             same
             Disorders
             ,
             were
             reduc'd
             to
             Terms
             of
             Obedience
             and
             Submission
             ,
             partly
             by
             the
             Fear
             of
             his
             Bravery
             ,
             whereof
             they
             had
             had
             Experience
             in
             the
             late
             Wars
             ,
             and
             partly
             by
             the
             Fame
             of
             his
             Clemency
             ,
             Honour
             ,
             and
             Justice
             ,
             from
             which
             he
             was
             never
             known
             to
             have
             departed
             .
          
           
             Ambassadors
             were
             also
             dispatch'd
             from
             all
             Parts
             to
             congratulate
             the
             Happiness
             of
             the
             Romans
             in
             so
             incomparable
             an
             Emperor
             .
             But
             this
             gentle
             and
             well-order'd
             Government
             ,
             which
             gave
             such
             general
             Satisfaction
             to
             the
             People
             ,
             as
             they
             express'd
             both
             in
             Publick
             and
             Private
             ,
             bred
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             ill
             Blood
             among
             the
             Soldiers
             that
             quarter'd
             in
             Rome
             ,
             and
             guarded
             the
             Emperor's
             Person
             :
             For
             being
             restrain'd
             from
             Rapine
             and
             Injury
             ,
             and
             bound
             to
             their
             Good
             Behaviour
             ,
             and
             the
             Rules
             of
             strict
             Discipline
             ,
             they
             thought
             these
             Measures
             of
             gentle
             and
             regular
             Government
             reflected
             a
             kind
             of
             Reproach
             and
             Disgrace
             
             upon
             them
             ,
             and
             were
             a
             manifest
             Encroachment
             upon
             their
             Privileges
             ;
             and
             at
             last
             resolv'd
             ,
             they
             were
             insupportable
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             be
             suffer'd
             .
             So
             at
             first
             they
             grew
             by
             degrees
             insolent
             and
             mutinous
             ,
             and
             would
             not
             render
             that
             Obedience
             to
             the
             Commands
             of
             their
             Superiors
             which
             was
             expected
             from
             them
             ;
             and
             before
             Two
             Months
             of
             his
             Reign
             were
             compleated
             ,
             after
             the
             Dawn
             of
             a
             Prudent
             Government
             had
             display'd
             it self
             in
             several
             discreet
             and
             wise
             Regulations
             which
             he
             made
             ,
             and
             after
             the
             Hopes
             and
             Expectations
             of
             all
             Men
             were
             rais'd
             to
             the
             utmost
             height
             ,
             by
             one
             Stroke
             of
             a
             cruel
             invidious
             Fortune
             ,
             all
             was
             dash'd
             and
             overthrown
             ;
             and
             all
             those
             admirable
             Designs
             which
             he
             had
             form'd
             ,
             which
             would
             have
             been
             of
             so
             universal
             Advantage
             to
             the
             Publick
             ,
             were
             defeated
             before
             they
             were
             ripe
             for
             Execution
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             first
             place
             ,
             he
             took
             care
             that
             all
             the
             Desarts
             and
             Waste
             Grounds
             in
             Italy
             ,
             and
             the
             Provinces
             ,
             should
             be
             cultivated
             and
             improv'd
             :
             In
             order
             to
             this
             ,
             he
             gave
             all
             these
             Lands
             (
             without
             exception
             
             even
             of
             such
             as
             belong'd
             to
             the
             Crown
             )
             to
             the
             Occupiers
             ,
             to
             every
             one
             so
             much
             as
             he
             should
             manure
             and
             cultivate
             ,
             vesting
             the
             Property
             of
             the
             Soil
             in
             him
             that
             was
             at
             the
             Charge
             of
             the
             Improvement
             .
             And
             by
             way
             of
             Encouragement
             ,
             he
             granted
             them
             an
             Immunity
             from
             all
             Taxes
             for
             Ten
             Years
             ,
             and
             freed
             them
             as
             long
             as
             they
             remain'd
             Proprietors
             from
             all
             Molestations
             and
             Avocations
             whatsoever
             .
             Those
             Grounds
             that
             were
             Crown-Lands
             ,
             he
             would
             not
             suffer
             to
             be
             call'd
             so
             ,
             in
             regard
             they
             were
             not
             (
             as
             he
             said
             )
             the
             Private
             Possessions
             of
             the
             Crown
             ,
             but
             belong'd
             to
             the
             Collective
             Body
             of
             the
             Roman
             People
             .
             He
             remitted
             all
             Tolls
             and
             Imposts
             laid
             upon
             Banks
             of
             Rivers
             ,
             Harbours
             ,
             and
             Publick
             Ways
             ,
             to
             raise
             Funds
             to
             support
             the
             Extravagances
             of
             Tyrants
             ,
             and
             restor'd
             them
             to
             their
             ancient
             Freedom
             ;
             and
             had
             he
             liv'd
             longer
             ,
             would
             have
             done
             a
             great
             many
             other
             Things
             of
             the
             same
             Nature
             and
             Quality
             .
          
           
             He
             banish'd
             all
             Common
             Informers
             from
             Rome
             ,
             commanding
             them
             to
             depart
             
             the
             City
             under
             severe
             Penalties
             ,
             that
             no
             Man
             might
             be
             in
             danger
             of
             false
             Accusations
             .
             And
             now
             the
             Senators
             ,
             and
             indeed
             all
             Orders
             and
             Degrees
             of
             Men
             ,
             propos'd
             to
             themselves
             Great
             Happiness
             and
             Satisfaction
             under
             the
             Government
             of
             a
             Prince
             that
             did
             not
             set
             himself
             proudly
             above
             his
             Subjects
             ,
             and
             yet
             was
             so
             sollicitous
             for
             their
             Welfare
             ;
             for
             so
             exemplary
             was
             the
             Humility
             and
             Modesty
             of
             Pertinax
             ,
             even
             in
             his
             highest
             Exaltation
             ,
             that
             he
             would
             never
             suffer
             his
             Son
             to
             approach
             the
             Imperial
             Palace
             ,
             but
             order'd
             him
             to
             remain
             at
             his
             Private
             House
             ,
             from
             whence
             he
             repair'd
             ,
             as
             he
             us'd
             to
             do
             ,
             to
             the
             Schools
             and
             Places
             of
             Exercise
             ,
             in
             the
             Quality
             of
             a
             Private
             Person
             ,
             conforming
             in
             all
             Points
             to
             the
             ordinary
             Rules
             and
             Discipline
             ,
             and
             was
             in
             all
             Respects
             and
             Circumstances
             as
             the
             Children
             of
             Private
             Men
             ,
             without
             the
             least
             Appearance
             of
             the
             State
             and
             Grandeur
             of
             a
             Prince
             .
          
           
             Whilst
             all
             Men
             admir'd
             the
             wise
             and
             sober
             Conduct
             of
             Pertinax
             ,
             the
             Praetorian
             Soldiers
             were
             so
             much
             dissatisfied
             
             with
             the
             present
             Posture
             of
             Affairs
             ,
             that
             they
             began
             to
             wish
             for
             a
             Revolution
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             same
             Tyranny
             might
             take
             place
             ,
             under
             which
             they
             had
             committed
             what
             Spoil
             and
             Violence
             they
             pleas'd
             ,
             without
             Controul
             :
             And
             in
             the
             height
             of
             a
             Debauch
             they
             concerted
             to
             take
             Pertinax
             out
             of
             the
             Way
             ,
             as
             being
             a
             great
             Check
             and
             Curb
             to
             them
             ,
             and
             to
             set
             up
             one
             in
             his
             stead
             ,
             that
             would
             restore
             them
             to
             ,
             and
             maintain
             them
             in
             those
             scandalous
             Privileges
             and
             Liberties
             which
             they
             usurp'd
             during
             the
             late
             Reign
             :
             And
             accordingly
             ,
             when
             all
             Things
             were
             in
             a
             profound
             Calm
             ,
             they
             came
             down
             suddenly
             to
             the
             Palace-Gates
             at
             High-Noon
             ,
             breathing
             Fury
             and
             Revenge
             ,
             in
             a
             very
             tumultuous
             Manner
             ,
             with
             their
             Spears
             mounted
             ,
             and
             their
             Swords
             drawn
             ,
             as
             if
             they
             would
             have
             insulted
             the
             Imperial
             Palace
             .
             This
             sudden
             Uproar
             put
             those
             that
             were
             of
             the
             Emperor's
             Houshold
             in
             great
             Consternation
             ;
             but
             being
             few
             ,
             and
             without
             Arms
             ,
             they
             durst
             not
             make
             Head
             against
             so
             numerous
             and
             well-appointed
             Troops
             ,
             but
             
             deserted
             every
             Man
             his
             Post
             ,
             and
             made
             the
             best
             of
             their
             Way
             out
             of
             the
             Palace
             ,
             some
             one
             Way
             ,
             and
             some
             another
             .
             Indeed
             those
             that
             had
             a
             more
             than
             ordinary
             Affection
             for
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             gave
             him
             notice
             of
             this
             Outrage
             of
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             and
             advis'd
             him
             withal
             to
             consult
             his
             own
             Safety
             ,
             by
             forsaking
             the
             Palace
             ,
             and
             demanding
             the
             Assistance
             of
             the
             People
             .
             He
             thought
             these
             Advices
             pertinent
             enough
             in
             the
             present
             Exigent
             ;
             however
             ,
             he
             look'd
             upon
             it
             as
             dishonourable
             ,
             and
             unworthy
             his
             former
             Life
             ,
             and
             the
             Majesty
             of
             a
             Roman
             Emperor
             ,
             to
             fly
             or
             step
             behind
             the
             Screen
             at
             the
             aproach
             of
             Danger
             ,
             and
             immediately
             resolv'd
             to
             oppose
             himself
             to
             their
             Fury
             ,
             hoping
             that
             if
             he
             went
             out
             and
             spoke
             to
             them
             ,
             he
             might
             allay
             their
             present
             Heats
             ,
             and
             prevent
             any
             further
             Consequence
             of
             so
             unnatural
             a
             Rage
             .
             Whereupon
             he
             left
             the
             Palace
             ,
             and
             boldly
             walk'd
             out
             ,
             and
             demanded
             of
             them
             the
             Reason
             of
             this
             Concourse
             ,
             endeavouring
             to
             reclaim
             them
             to
             their
             Duty
             and
             Allegiance
             .
             And
             this
             he
             did
             with
             all
             the
             Unconcern
             imaginable
             ,
             
             composing
             his
             Countenance
             to
             a
             grave
             and
             Majestick
             Air
             ,
             without
             uttering
             any
             Thing
             that
             was
             mean
             ,
             or
             in
             the
             Strain
             of
             a
             timerous
             obnoxious
             Person
             ,
             he
             spoke
             to
             them
             as
             follows
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     PERTINAX
                     his
                     SPEECH
                     .
                  
                   
                     GEntlemen
                     ,
                     tho'
                     you
                     take
                     away
                     my
                     Life
                     ,
                     yet
                     neither
                     will
                     you
                     be
                     any
                     great
                     Gainers
                     ,
                     nor
                     shall
                     I
                     be
                     any
                     considerable
                     Loser
                     ,
                     having
                     liv'd
                     to
                     this
                     Age
                     ,
                     and
                     arriv'd
                     to
                     these
                     Honours
                     :
                     For
                     there
                     is
                     a
                     necessary
                     Term
                     and
                     Period
                     of
                     Humane
                     Life
                     .
                     But
                     for
                     you
                     ,
                     who
                     are
                     appointed
                     to
                     guard
                     and
                     protect
                     your
                     Prince
                     against
                     the
                     Attacks
                     of
                     others
                     ,
                     to
                     fall
                     upon
                     him
                     your selves
                     ,
                     to
                     murther
                     your
                     own
                     Charge
                     ,
                     and
                     stain
                     your
                     Hands
                     not
                     only
                     with
                     the
                     Blood
                     of
                     a
                     Fellow-Citizen
                     ,
                     but
                     your
                     Leige-Lord
                     ,
                     will
                     not
                     only
                     be
                     a
                     Crime
                     of
                     a
                     very
                     heinous
                     Nature
                     for
                     the
                     present
                     ,
                     but
                     may
                     also
                     prove
                     very
                     fatal
                     to
                     you
                     in
                     its
                     Consequences
                     .
                     And
                     as
                     for
                     my
                     part
                     ,
                     I
                     am
                     not
                     conscious
                     that
                     I
                     have
                     done
                     you
                     any
                     Injury
                     .
                     If
                     you
                     lay
                     to
                     Heart
                     
                     Commodus's
                     Death
                     ,
                     
                     it
                     is
                     no
                     strange
                     Thing
                     that
                     a
                     Man
                     should
                     die
                     ;
                     and
                     if
                     you
                     suspect
                     any
                     Thing
                     of
                     Violence
                     in
                     his
                     Death
                     ,
                     I
                     can
                     plead
                     Not
                     Guilty
                     to
                     any
                     Arraignment
                     for
                     that
                     Fact
                     ;
                     and
                     you
                     your selves
                     know
                     ,
                     I
                     was
                     not
                     so
                     much
                     as
                     suspected
                     to
                     have
                     had
                     any
                     Hand
                     in
                     it
                     ,
                     being
                     as
                     utterly
                     ignorant
                     of
                     what
                     was
                     done
                     then
                     ,
                     as
                     you
                     were
                     .
                     If
                     you
                     therefore
                     think
                     that
                     there
                     was
                     Treason
                     in
                     that
                     Affair
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     transfer
                     the
                     Charge
                     upon
                     some
                     other
                     Person
                     .
                     However
                     ,
                     Gentlemen
                     ,
                     tho'
                     Commodus
                     is
                     dead
                     ,
                     you
                     may
                     satisfie
                     your selves
                     ,
                     that
                     you
                     shall
                     want
                     nothing
                     that
                     is
                     reasonable
                     or
                     convenient
                     ,
                     if
                     you
                     don't
                     seek
                     it
                     by
                     Violence
                     and
                     Rapine
                     .
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             This
             gentle
             Rebuke
             ,
             together
             with
             his
             August
             Presence
             and
             Age
             ,
             which
             exacted
             a
             kind
             of
             Reverence
             from
             his
             Hearers
             ,
             had
             its
             desir'd
             Effect
             upon
             some
             who
             began
             to
             relent
             ,
             and
             draw
             off
             in
             great
             Numbers
             ,
             whilst
             others
             more
             remorseless
             assaulted
             him
             in
             the
             middle
             of
             his
             Harangue
             ,
             and
             kill'd
             him
             .
             After
             the
             commission
             of
             this
             horrid
             Treason
             ,
             fearing
             the
             Resentments
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             
             which
             they
             knew
             would
             be
             very
             high
             upon
             this
             Occasion
             ,
             they
             resolv'd
             to
             withdraw
             themselves
             from
             their
             Fury
             ,
             and
             retir'd
             in
             great
             haste
             to
             the
             Camp
             ,
             and
             kept
             themselves
             within
             the
             Walls
             ,
             disposing
             Soldiers
             upon
             the
             Ramparts
             ,
             to
             repulse
             the
             Mobb
             ,
             if
             they
             should
             make
             any
             Attack
             upon
             the
             Wall.
             Thus
             dy'd
             Pertinax
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             liv'd
             in
             great
             Reputation
             for
             his
             Integrity
             and
             Vertue
             ,
             as
             is
             before
             related
             .
          
           
             After
             it
             was
             nois'd
             abroad
             that
             the
             Emperor
             was
             assassinated
             ,
             all
             Places
             were
             full
             of
             Sorrow
             and
             Confusion
             ;
             the
             People
             in
             a
             strange
             Ferment
             ran
             about
             the
             Streets
             ,
             as
             if
             they
             had
             been
             seiz'd
             by
             some
             sudden
             epidemical
             Madness
             ,
             seeking
             the
             Authors
             of
             this
             detestable
             Villainy
             ,
             but
             in
             vain
             ;
             for
             they
             could
             not
             find
             them
             ;
             and
             if
             they
             had
             ,
             they
             were
             out
             of
             their
             Power
             .
             But
             the
             Senators
             were
             the
             most
             sensibly
             affected
             ;
             they
             saw
             how
             deep
             a
             Wound
             it
             had
             given
             to
             the
             Publick
             ,
             and
             what
             a
             Loss
             they
             had
             sustain'd
             ,
             not
             only
             of
             a
             gentle
             Prince
             ,
             but
             of
             an
             indulgent
             Father
             ;
             and
             now
             
             they
             look'd
             for
             a
             Re-establishment
             of
             Tyranny
             and
             Arbitrary
             Power
             ,
             which
             they
             knew
             would
             be
             grateful
             to
             the
             Soldiers
             .
          
           
             But
             after
             two
             or
             three
             Days
             ,
             the
             People
             took
             Counsel
             of
             their
             Fears
             ,
             and
             were
             dispos'd
             to
             be
             quiet
             .
             Those
             amongst
             them
             that
             were
             of
             eminent
             Quality
             ,
             left
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             retreated
             to
             their
             Country-houses
             which
             were
             at
             the
             greatest
             distance
             from
             it
             ,
             to
             avoid
             all
             Inconveniences
             which
             their
             Presence
             might
             expose
             them
             to
             in
             the
             next
             Reign
             .
             The
             Soldiers
             ,
             after
             they
             found
             the
             Popular
             Rage
             abated
             ,
             and
             perceiv'd
             that
             no
             Man
             would
             be
             so
             hardy
             as
             to
             revenge
             the
             Emperor's
             Death
             ,
             kept
             themselves
             within
             their
             Trenches
             ,
             and
             appointed
             such
             as
             had
             the
             best
             Lungs
             to
             make
             Proclamation
             upon
             the
             Walls
             ,
             that
             the
             Empire
             was
             to
             be
             sold
             by
             Auction
             ,
             that
             he
             that
             offer'd
             the
             most
             should
             be
             the
             Purchaser
             ,
             adding
             ,
             that
             they
             would
             invest
             him
             with
             the
             Imperial
             Dignity
             by
             Force
             of
             Arms
             ,
             and
             conduct
             him
             in
             Safety
             to
             the
             Palace
             .
             This
             Proclamation
             did
             not
             
             move
             any
             of
             the
             Senators
             that
             were
             Men
             of
             Reputation
             and
             Authority
             ,
             nor
             any
             of
             those
             few
             rich
             Men
             that
             had
             surviv'd
             the
             Tyranny
             of
             Commodus
             :
             none
             of
             these
             approach'd
             the
             Wall
             ,
             but
             scorn'd
             even
             the
             Empire
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             where
             the
             Means
             to
             attain
             it
             were
             so
             dishonourable
             .
          
           
             The
             News
             of
             this
             Proclamation
             was
             brought
             to
             Julian
             ,
             a
             Man
             of
             Consular
             Dignity
             ,
             and
             one
             that
             had
             the
             Reputation
             of
             great
             Possessions
             ,
             when
             he
             was
             at
             Supper
             ,
             carowsing
             and
             regaling
             himself
             ;
             for
             he
             was
             censur'd
             for
             being
             very
             often
             guilty
             of
             these
             Excesses
             :
             Hereupon
             his
             Wife
             and
             Daughter
             ,
             falling
             in
             with
             a
             multitude
             of
             Parasites
             that
             were
             there
             ,
             advis'd
             him
             with
             all
             speed
             to
             rise
             from
             the
             Table
             ,
             and
             inform
             himself
             of
             this
             Matter
             ,
             perswading
             him
             all
             along
             as
             he
             went
             ,
             not
             to
             suffer
             the-Empire
             to
             lie
             expos'd
             for
             want
             of
             a
             Purchaser
             ,
             and
             telling
             him
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             able
             to
             give
             as
             good
             a
             Price
             as
             the
             best
             of
             them
             ,
             if
             any
             Person
             should
             dispute
             that
             Point
             with
             him
             .
             As
             soon
             as
             he
             came
             near
             the
             
             Wall
             ,
             he
             cry'd
             aloud
             ,
             that
             he
             would
             give
             whatsoever
             they
             demanded
             ,
             and
             withal
             gave
             in
             a
             Particular
             of
             his
             Estate
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             vast
             Treasures
             which
             he
             possess'd
             .
             Hither
             also
             repair'd
             Sulpicianus
             ,
             with
             the
             same
             Intention
             .
             He
             was
             too
             a
             Consular
             Man
             ,
             and
             had
             been
             Praefect
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             was
             Father-in-Law
             to
             Pertinax
             ;
             but
             they
             would
             not
             hearken
             to
             any
             Proposals
             of
             his
             ,
             because
             of
             his
             Alliance
             to
             Pertinax
             ,
             which
             gave
             them
             a
             Jealousie
             that
             there
             was
             some
             Fraud
             or
             Collusion
             at
             the
             Bottom
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             revenge
             
             Pertinax's
             Death
             .
          
           
             Hereupon
             they
             put
             down
             a
             Ladder
             ,
             and
             took
             Julian
             up
             to
             the
             Top
             of
             the
             Wall
             ,
             but
             would
             not
             open
             the
             Gates
             till
             the
             Bargain
             was
             struck
             up
             ,
             and
             the
             Sum
             ascertain'd
             :
             After
             which
             having
             enter'd
             the
             Camp
             ,
             he
             engag'd
             his
             Faith
             and
             Honour
             to
             them
             for
             the
             Restitution
             of
             the
             Memory
             ,
             Honours
             ,
             and
             Statues
             of
             Commodus
             ,
             which
             were
             taken
             down
             by
             Order
             of
             the
             Senate
             ;
             as
             also
             for
             the
             Restoring
             all
             those
             Privileges
             which
             they
             had
             enjoy'd
             during
             his
             Reign
             .
             
             He
             gave
             to
             every
             Soldier
             more
             than
             he
             did
             expect
             ,
             or
             could
             have
             demanded
             ;
             which
             he
             promis'd
             to
             pay
             down
             in
             ready
             Cash
             ,
             giving
             out
             that
             he
             had
             the
             Money
             in
             Bank.
             These
             Things
             highly
             satisfied
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             and
             buoy'd
             them
             up
             into
             mighty
             Expectances
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             they
             immediately
             proclaim'd
             him
             Emperor
             ,
             and
             honour'd
             him
             with
             the
             Surname
             of
             Commodus
             ;
             then
             flourishing
             their
             Ensigns
             ,
             and
             restoring
             the
             Images
             of
             Commodus
             ,
             they
             prepar'd
             to
             conduct
             him
             to
             the
             Palace
             :
             Whereupon
             he
             sacrific'd
             according
             to
             the
             Custom
             ,
             and
             march'd
             out
             of
             the
             Camp
             with
             a
             stronger
             Guard
             than
             ordinary
             ;
             for
             having
             by
             Force
             ,
             contrary
             to
             the
             Inclinations
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             by
             base
             Means
             ,
             and
             shameful
             Condescentions
             ,
             obtain'd
             the
             Empire
             ,
             he
             had
             too
             just
             Reason
             to
             fear
             the
             Insults
             of
             the
             Mobile
             .
             Therefore
             the
             Soldiers
             put
             on
             their
             whole
             Armour
             ,
             and
             form'd
             themselves
             into
             a
             Regular
             Body
             ,
             that
             if
             Occasion
             should
             require
             ,
             they
             might
             be
             in
             condition
             to
             engage
             any
             that
             should
             oppose
             them
             .
             They
             receiv'd
             
             the
             Emperor
             into
             the
             Middle
             ,
             and
             bearing
             their
             Spears
             and
             Targets
             over
             their
             Heads
             ,
             to
             shelter
             them
             from
             the
             Stones
             which
             might
             be
             thrown
             upon
             them
             from
             the
             Houses
             ,
             in
             this
             manner
             they
             guarded
             him
             to
             the
             Palace
             ,
             none
             appearing
             to
             make
             any
             Resistance
             .
             But
             the
             People
             did
             not
             receive
             him
             with
             those
             Acclamations
             of
             Joy
             which
             are
             usual
             upon
             the
             like
             Occasions
             ;
             but
             standing
             at
             a
             distance
             ,
             bestow'd
             a
             great
             many
             Curses
             and
             Execrations
             upon
             him
             ,
             for
             shamefully
             trucking
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             for
             Gold
             with
             those
             base
             Mercenaries
             .
             And
             from
             hence
             it
             is
             that
             we
             must
             date
             the
             total
             Corruption
             of
             the
             Roman
             Soldiers
             ,
             their
             sordid
             and
             insatiable
             Desires
             of
             Money
             ,
             with
             their
             Contempt
             of
             Sovereign
             Power
             ;
             for
             no
             Body
             appearing
             to
             execute
             Vengeance
             upon
             them
             for
             this
             barbarous
             Assassination
             of
             their
             Prince
             ,
             or
             to
             oppose
             this
             ignominious
             Auction
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             from
             this
             Time
             they
             grew
             proud
             and
             arrogant
             :
             Their
             Avarice
             with
             their
             Contempt
             of
             Princes
             ,
             encreas'd
             ,
             even
             to
             the
             offering
             Violence
             to
             their
             Persons
             .
          
           
           
             Julian
             after
             he
             had
             obtain'd
             the
             Empire
             ,
             fell
             into
             an
             eager
             Pursuit
             of
             sensual
             unmanly
             Pleasures
             ,
             became
             regardless
             of
             Publick
             Concerns
             ,
             and
             abandon'd
             himself
             to
             Luxury
             and
             Dissoluteness
             of
             Manners
             :
             He
             also
             disappointed
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             being
             unable
             to
             perform
             his
             Promises
             ;
             for
             he
             had
             not
             those
             vast
             Treasures
             which
             he
             boasted
             himself
             to
             be
             Master
             of
             ,
             and
             the
             Exchequer
             was
             exhausted
             by
             the
             late
             Profusions
             of
             Commodus
             .
             The
             Soldiers
             were
             in
             great
             Wrath
             to
             be
             thus
             bubbl'd
             ;
             and
             the
             People
             understanding
             how
             they
             were
             affected
             ,
             began
             also
             to
             slight
             and
             despise
             him
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             they
             would
             revile
             him
             as
             he
             pass'd
             along
             ,
             and
             upbraid
             him
             with
             his
             Debaucheries
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             Publick
             Cirque
             ,
             where
             there
             is
             the
             greatest
             Concourse
             of
             People
             ,
             reproach'd
             him
             openly
             ,
             and
             call'd
             upon
             Niger
             to
             deliver
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             from
             so
             infamous
             a
             Governor
             ,
             and
             to
             undertake
             the
             Administration
             of
             it
             himself
             .
          
           
             This
             Niger
             had
             been
             Consul
             heretofore
             ,
             and
             was
             at
             this
             time
             Governor
             of
             
             Syria
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             Place
             of
             the
             greatest
             Trust
             and
             Honour
             in
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             ;
             for
             the
             Phoenicians
             and
             all
             the
             Country
             as
             far
             as
             Euphrates
             ,
             is
             under
             his
             Government
             .
             He
             was
             past
             the
             Meridian
             of
             his
             Age
             ,
             and
             by
             his
             Conduct
             in
             several
             Actions
             and
             Expeditions
             had
             gain'd
             the
             Reputation
             of
             Gentleness
             ,
             and
             Dexterity
             in
             Affairs
             .
             He
             was
             a
             great
             Imitator
             of
             Pertinax
             ,
             whose
             Life
             he
             made
             the
             Standard
             of
             his
             own
             :
             This
             made
             him
             a
             powerful
             Interest
             amongst
             the
             People
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             in
             all
             their
             Assemblies
             they
             repeated
             their
             Clamours
             and
             Demands
             of
             him
             to
             be
             their
             Prince
             ,
             loading
             Julian
             with
             Reproaches
             to
             his
             Face
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             same
             time
             extolling
             Niger
             ,
             tho'
             he
             was
             absent
             ,
             with
             the
             highest
             Demonstrations
             of
             Good-will
             and
             Affection
             .
          
           
             After
             Niger
             was
             advertis'd
             how
             violent
             the
             People
             were
             for
             him
             ,
             which
             they
             had
             declar'd
             by
             their
             constant
             Actings
             and
             Proceedings
             in
             their
             Assemblies
             ,
             he
             began
             to
             flatter
             himself
             that
             he
             had
             a
             very
             fair
             Prospect
             ,
             and
             that
             it
             was
             in
             
             his
             own
             Power
             to
             make
             the
             Issue
             answerable
             to
             it
             ;
             especially
             when
             he
             consider'd
             how
             Julian
             was
             slighted
             and
             disregarded
             by
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             whose
             Creature
             he
             was
             ,
             because
             he
             had
             not
             kept
             Touch
             in
             the
             Payment
             of
             the
             Money
             according
             to
             the
             Contract
             ;
             as
             also
             how
             much
             he
             was
             despis'd
             by
             the
             People
             ,
             who
             esteem'd
             him
             unworthy
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             which
             he
             had
             so
             dishonourably
             purchas'd
             .
             Upon
             these
             Encouragements
             he
             began
             to
             entertain
             Hopes
             of
             advancing
             himself
             to
             the
             Empire
             .
             And
             ,
             in
             the
             first
             place
             ,
             he
             sent
             for
             certain
             Tribunes
             ,
             with
             other
             principal
             Officers
             and
             Commanders
             of
             Note
             ,
             with
             whom
             he
             discours'd
             this
             Matter
             ,
             giving
             them
             to
             understand
             in
             what
             Posture
             Affairs
             were
             at
             Rome
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             sent
             them
             home
             one
             after
             another
             ,
             with
             Design
             that
             these
             Rumours
             should
             by
             this
             Means
             be
             dispers'd
             far
             and
             near
             over
             all
             the
             Eastern
             Countries
             ;
             for
             he
             thought
             more
             Men
             would
             favour
             and
             adhere
             to
             him
             in
             this
             Enterprize
             ,
             if
             they
             were
             perswaded
             that
             he
             was
             not
             prompted
             by
             his
             
             Ambition
             to
             invade
             the
             Empire
             ,
             but
             was
             call'd
             by
             the
             Romans
             to
             their
             Aid
             and
             Assistance
             .
             Upon
             these
             Rumours
             the
             People
             came
             in
             to
             him
             in
             great
             Numbers
             ,
             importuning
             him
             with
             repeated
             Sollicitations
             to
             take
             the
             Sovereign
             Authority
             upon
             him
             :
             For
             the
             Syrians
             are
             a
             capricious
             People
             ,
             and
             naturally
             prone
             to
             Innovation
             and
             Change
             ;
             and
             Niger
             was
             a
             Man
             that
             was
             very
             Popular
             ,
             in
             regard
             of
             that
             uniform
             Gentleness
             and
             Equity
             with
             which
             he
             had
             govern'd
             them
             .
             He
             us'd
             also
             very
             often
             to
             exhibit
             Publick
             Shows
             for
             their
             Diversion
             ,
             the
             Syrians
             being
             naturally
             very
             much
             delighted
             with
             these
             kinds
             of
             Entertainments
             ;
             and
             in
             Antioch
             ,
             a
             great
             and
             flourishing
             City
             ,
             there
             are
             Games
             and
             Festivals
             celebrated
             almost
             every
             Day
             in
             the
             Year
             ,
             either
             in
             the
             City
             or
             the
             Suburbs
             .
             By
             this
             exhibiting
             Publick
             Shows
             ,
             by
             ruling
             them
             with
             a
             gentle
             Hand
             ,
             and
             allowing
             them
             Leisure
             and
             Liberty
             to
             pursue
             their
             Recreations
             ,
             he
             engag'd
             the
             People
             entirely
             in
             his
             Interests
             ,
             and
             was
             generally
             belov'd
             and
             respected
             by
             all
             
             Men.
             This
             Niger
             knew
             very
             well
             ;
             and
             now
             he
             issu'd
             out
             his
             Orders
             to
             the
             Soldiers
             to
             appear
             at
             a
             Day
             appointed
             ,
             at
             which
             Time
             vast
             Numbers
             of
             other
             People
             were
             assembled
             ,
             to
             whom
             he
             spoke
             as
             follows
             ,
             from
             a
             Rostrum
             erected
             there
             for
             that
             purpose
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     NIGER'S
                     SPEECH
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     Suppose
                     ,
                     Gentlemen
                     ,
                     I
                     need
                     not
                     inform
                     you
                     of
                     the
                     Gentleness
                     of
                     my
                     Nature
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     the
                     Conduct
                     and
                     Caution
                     which
                     I
                     have
                     always
                     us'd
                     in
                     undertaking
                     Matters
                     of
                     Importance
                     .
                     I
                     should
                     not
                     have
                     detain'd
                     you
                     with
                     this
                     Harangue
                     ,
                     had
                     I
                     been
                     led
                     by
                     private
                     Inclination
                     ,
                     Ambition
                     ,
                     or
                     any
                     vain
                     imaginary
                     Prospect
                     :
                     But
                     now
                     I
                     am
                     call'd
                     by
                     the
                     unanimous
                     and
                     incessant
                     Clamours
                     of
                     the
                     Roman
                     People
                     ,
                     to
                     assert
                     the
                     Publick
                     Honour
                     ,
                     and
                     not
                     to
                     suffer
                     the
                     Empire
                     ,
                     which
                     has
                     been
                     so
                     glorious
                     from
                     all
                     Antiquity
                     ,
                     to
                     lie
                     under
                     such
                     Infamy
                     and
                     Disgrace
                     .
                     Now
                     ,
                     Gentlemen
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     would
                     be
                     the
                     highest
                     Presumption
                     and
                     Rashness
                     to
                     attempt
                     a
                     Thing
                     of
                     this
                     Nature
                     without
                     an
                     Occasion
                     offer'd
                     ;
                     so
                     
                     in
                     my
                     Case
                     ,
                     to
                     neglect
                     the
                     Cries
                     and
                     Petitions
                     of
                     the
                     People
                     ,
                     would
                     cast
                     upon
                     me
                     the
                     Imputation
                     of
                     Cowardice
                     and
                     Treachery
                     ?
                     And
                     the
                     true
                     Motive
                     of
                     this
                     Address
                     is
                     to
                     know
                     your
                     Sentiments
                     ,
                     and
                     concert
                     with
                     you
                     what
                     is
                     proper
                     to
                     be
                     done
                     in
                     this
                     Conjuncture
                     ;
                     for
                     't
                     is
                     your
                     Counsels
                     must
                     be
                     the
                     Measure
                     of
                     my
                     Proceedings
                     in
                     this
                     Affair
                     .
                     The
                     Issue
                     ,
                     if
                     Fortunate
                     ,
                     will
                     have
                     a
                     good
                     Influence
                     upon
                     our
                     Common
                     Interest
                     ,
                     and
                     will
                     redound
                     to
                     your
                     Benefit
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     mine
                     .
                     They
                     are
                     not
                     slight
                     Grounds
                     we
                     go
                     upon
                     ;
                     we
                     are
                     invited
                     by
                     the
                     Roman
                     People
                     ,
                     whom
                     the
                     Gods
                     have
                     impower'd
                     to
                     dispose
                     and
                     administer
                     all
                     Things
                     below
                     .
                     The
                     Succession
                     remains
                     unsettled
                     ,
                     and
                     no
                     Man
                     is
                     yet
                     establish'd
                     in
                     the
                     Empire
                     .
                     There
                     is
                     no
                     Hazard
                     in
                     this
                     Enterprize
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     by
                     reason
                     of
                     the
                     Zeal
                     and
                     Affection
                     of
                     our
                     own
                     Party
                     ,
                     as
                     that
                     there
                     are
                     none
                     to
                     oppose
                     us
                     :
                     For
                     all
                     our
                     Advices
                     from
                     Rome
                     agree
                     ,
                     that
                     even
                     those
                     Soldiers
                     that
                     advanc'd
                     Julian
                     to
                     the
                     Empire
                     ,
                     are
                     not
                     firm
                     to
                     his
                     Interests
                     ,
                     in
                     regard
                     he
                     has
                     not
                     perform'd
                     the
                     Conditions
                     of
                     his
                     Advancement
                     .
                     I
                     desire
                     you
                     therefore
                     to
                     declare
                     your selves
                     upon
                     this
                     Subject
                     .
                  
                
              
            
          
           
           
             No
             sooner
             had
             he
             spoke
             these
             Words
             ,
             but
             the
             whole
             Army
             and
             People
             that
             were
             there
             assembled
             ,
             in
             the
             height
             of
             their
             Zeal
             proclaim'd
             him
             Emperor
             ,
             and
             immediately
             put
             Purple
             Robes
             upon
             him
             ,
             with
             the
             other
             Ornaments
             of
             Majesty
             ;
             after
             which
             they
             conducted
             him
             to
             the
             Temples
             of
             Antioch
             ,
             and
             from
             thence
             to
             his
             House
             ,
             carrying
             Fire
             before
             him
             all
             the
             way
             with
             great
             formality
             .
             His
             House
             they
             did
             not
             look
             upon
             any
             longer
             as
             Private
             ,
             but
             adorn'd
             it
             on
             the
             Out-side
             with
             all
             the
             Marks
             and
             Characters
             of
             Imperial
             Majesty
             .
          
           
             Niger
             was
             much
             delighted
             with
             the
             Zeal
             and
             Affection
             which
             the
             People
             both
             at
             Rome
             and
             Antioch
             testified
             for
             him
             ,
             and
             began
             to
             think
             himself
             secure
             of
             the
             Empire
             .
             After
             the
             Report
             thereof
             was
             spread
             abroad
             ,
             all
             the
             Nations
             bordering
             upon
             Europe
             came
             in
             ,
             to
             tender
             him
             their
             Homage
             and
             Service
             ;
             and
             Embassies
             were
             sent
             from
             all
             Sides
             to
             Antioch
             ,
             as
             to
             a
             Just
             and
             Lawful
             Emperor
             .
             The
             Nations
             also
             that
             inhabit
             beyond
             Tygris
             and
             Euphrates
             dispatch'd
             
             their
             Envoys
             to
             him
             to
             make
             the
             Congratulations
             usual
             upon
             the
             Occasion
             ,
             and
             to
             promise
             him
             their
             Succour
             and
             Assistance
             in
             case
             his
             Affairs
             should
             require
             it
             .
             He
             rewarded
             them
             all
             very
             splendidly
             ,
             and
             thank'd
             them
             for
             the
             Zeal
             and
             Affection
             which
             they
             had
             discover'd
             for
             him
             ,
             affirming
             ,
             That
             as
             his
             Affairs
             then
             stood
             ,
             he
             had
             no
             need
             of
             their
             Succour
             ,
             forasmuch
             as
             the
             Empire
             was
             assur'd
             to
             him
             ;
             and
             added
             withall
             ,
             That
             he
             would
             take
             especial
             care
             that
             his
             Reign
             should
             not
             be
             defil'd
             with
             Blood.
             
          
           
             This
             Security
             made
             him
             grow
             remiss
             and
             negligent
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             he
             entertain'd
             the
             People
             of
             Antioch
             with
             Shows
             and
             Publick
             Games
             ,
             and
             resign'd
             himself
             wholly
             to
             Ease
             and
             Pleasure
             ,
             not
             marching
             directly
             to
             Rome
             ,
             as
             it
             would
             have
             behov'd
             him
             in
             the
             first
             place
             to
             have
             done
             ,
             nor
             certifying
             the
             Illyrian
             Army
             of
             what
             had
             been
             transacted
             here
             ;
             whereas
             it
             ought
             to
             have
             been
             his
             principal
             Effort
             to
             gain
             so
             considerable
             a
             Party
             over
             to
             his
             Interest
             :
             But
             he
             suppos'd
             
             that
             they
             would
             not
             dissent
             to
             what
             the
             Roman
             People
             and
             the
             Eastern
             Army
             had
             so
             unanimously
             approv'd
             .
             Whilst
             he
             was
             lift
             up
             in
             this
             manner
             by
             groundless
             Hopes
             ,
             and
             false
             Estimates
             of
             Things
             ,
             the
             Fame
             of
             what
             had
             hapned
             reach'd
             Pannonia
             and
             Illyria
             ,
             and
             the
             Armies
             that
             lay
             encamp'd
             upon
             the
             Ister
             and
             the
             Rhine
             ,
             to
             restrain
             the
             Inroads
             of
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             and
             to
             cover
             the
             Frontiers
             of
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             .
          
           
             Severus
             was
             at
             this
             time
             General
             of
             the
             Pannonian
             Forces
             ;
             for
             they
             were
             all
             under
             one
             Commander
             .
             He
             was
             by
             Nation
             an
             African
             ,
             a
             hot
             and
             violent
             Spirit
             ,
             that
             had
             been
             inur'd
             to
             Toils
             and
             Hardships
             ,
             and
             was
             indefatigable
             in
             Labour
             ,
             quick
             too
             at
             inventing
             ,
             and
             ready
             in
             executing
             what
             he
             had
             contriv'd
             .
             Upon
             Intelligence
             that
             the
             Empire
             lay
             expos'd
             to
             any
             Person
             that
             had
             Courage
             to
             seize
             upon
             it
             ,
             he
             contemn'd
             the
             Pretenders
             Julian
             and
             Niger
             ,
             the
             one
             because
             he
             had
             neither
             Power
             nor
             Strength
             to
             effect
             any
             thing
             ;
             the
             other
             ,
             because
             he
             did
             not
             make
             use
             of
             what
             he
             
             had
             His
             Confidence
             was
             also
             heighten'd
             by
             Dreams
             ,
             Oracles
             ,
             and
             Predictions
             ,
             which
             are
             then
             the
             most
             believ'd
             when
             they
             are
             made
             good
             by
             the
             Event
             .
             Most
             of
             these
             he
             has
             recorded
             in
             the
             History
             of
             his
             Life
             ,
             and
             preserv'd
             in
             Statuary
             Representations
             .
             The
             last
             ,
             being
             that
             which
             made
             the
             strongest
             Impressions
             upon
             him
             ,
             and
             gave
             him
             the
             greatest
             Assurances
             ,
             ought
             not
             to
             be
             pass'd
             over
             in
             silence
             .
          
           
             When
             the
             News
             came
             to
             Severus
             that
             Pertinax
             was
             elected
             Emperor
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             sacrific'd
             ,
             and
             taken
             the
             Oaths
             of
             Allegiance
             to
             him
             ,
             he
             return'd
             home
             ,
             and
             fell
             asleep
             ,
             and
             was
             presented
             with
             this
             Visionary
             Scene
             ;
             He
             saw
             a
             stately
             Horse
             adorn'd
             with
             Imperial
             Accoutrements
             ,
             bearing
             Pertinax
             on
             his
             Back
             through
             the
             City
             ,
             along
             the
             Sacred
             Way
             but
             when
             he
             came
             to
             the
             Entrance
             of
             the
             Forum
             ,
             where
             the
             Assemblies
             of
             the
             People
             were
             held
             whilst
             the
             Government
             continued
             under
             the
             form
             of
             a
             Popular
             State
             ,
             he
             began
             to
             flounce
             and
             caper
             till
             he
             had
             thrown
             him
             to
             the
             Ground
             ,
             
             and
             immediately
             making
             his
             Submission
             to
             Severus
             ,
             receiv'd
             him
             upon
             his
             Back
             ,
             and
             carried
             him
             very
             quietly
             into
             the
             middle
             of
             the
             Forum
             ,
             where
             he
             stood
             aloft
             ,
             and
             commanded
             the
             Eyes
             and
             Admiration
             of
             the
             Multitude
             .
             This
             Vision
             is
             yet
             to
             be
             seen
             in
             the
             very
             same
             place
             ,
             represented
             in
             a
             large
             Statue
             of
             Brass
             .
          
           
             Severus
             having
             his
             Hope
             's
             rais'd
             to
             this
             Pitch
             ,
             and
             flattering
             himself
             into
             an
             Opinion
             that
             the
             Gods
             had
             made
             choice
             of
             him
             to
             govern
             the
             Empire
             ,
             resolv'd
             to
             try
             the
             Inclinations
             of
             the
             Soldiers
             ;
             and
             to
             this
             end
             call'd
             to
             him
             certain
             Tribunes
             ,
             and
             other
             Officers
             of
             principal
             Note
             ,
             with
             these
             he
             enter'd
             into
             Discourses
             concerning
             the
             present
             State
             of
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             ,
             and
             represented
             to
             them
             how
             the
             Sovereign
             Power
             was
             prostituted
             to
             all
             Persons
             that
             durst
             usurp
             it
             ,
             and
             that
             none
             appeared
             worthy
             or
             able
             to
             execute
             so
             high
             and
             important
             a
             Trust
             :
             He
             would
             also
             take
             occasion
             to
             inveigh
             against
             the
             Praetorian
             Soldiers
             ,
             for
             the
             having
             violated
             their
             Military
             Oath
             ,
             by
             spilling
             the
             Blood
             of
             their
             
             Emperour
             ;
             adding
             ,
             That
             so
             heinous
             a
             Crime
             shou'd
             be
             aton'd
             for
             ,
             and
             that
             
             Pertinax's
             Death
             ought
             to
             be
             reveng'd
             :
             He
             knew
             very
             well
             they
             honour'd
             his
             Memory
             ,
             in
             regard
             of
             the
             many
             Victories
             they
             had
             obtain'd
             under
             his
             Command
             against
             the
             Germans
             ,
             in
             the
             Reign
             of
             Marcus
             ;
             and
             when
             he
             was
             Governour
             of
             Illyria
             ,
             he
             had
             given
             many
             eminent
             Proofs
             of
             his
             Bravery
             and
             Conduct
             in
             several
             Engagements
             ,
             and
             had
             practis'd
             an
             uniform
             Gentleness
             ,
             Humanity
             ,
             and
             Justice
             towards
             his
             Subjects
             in
             the
             whole
             Tenor
             of
             his
             Publick
             Actions
             in
             that
             Station
             ;
             for
             which
             Reasons
             they
             had
             a
             peculiar
             Veneration
             for
             his
             Memory
             ,
             and
             resented
             very
             highly
             that
             inhuman
             Butchery
             committed
             upon
             his
             Person
             .
             In
             short
             ,
             he
             made
             so
             good
             use
             of
             this
             Occasion
             ,
             that
             he
             easily
             led
             and
             manag'd
             them
             as
             he
             pleas'd
             ,
             pretending
             still
             to
             move
             on
             a
             far
             different
             Spring
             from
             what
             he
             did
             ;
             that
             the
             Empire
             was
             what
             he
             neither
             thought
             of
             ,
             ●or
             affected
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             utmost
             of
             his
             Ambition
             was
             to
             revenge
             the
             Death
             
             of
             so
             great
             a
             Prince
             .
             These
             artificial
             Colours
             easily
             impos'd
             on
             the
             People
             ,
             for
             the
             Natives
             of
             this
             Country
             as
             they
             are
             Tall
             of
             Stature
             ,
             of
             a
             strong
             Make
             of
             Body
             ,
             and
             fit
             for
             Service
             and
             Action
             ,
             so
             they
             are
             generally
             very
             Stupid
             ,
             and
             slow
             of
             Apprehension
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             reason
             that
             they
             very
             rarely
             suspect
             any
             thing
             of
             Collusion
             or
             Intrigue
             in
             any
             thing
             you
             either
             say
             or
             do
             .
             So
             when
             Severus
             declar'd
             that
             his
             Intention
             was
             only
             to
             do
             Justice
             on
             the
             Murtherers
             of
             Pertinax
             ,
             they
             all
             so
             unanimously
             espous'd
             his
             Interest
             ,
             that
             they
             instantly
             proclaim'd
             him
             Emperor
             ,
             and
             put
             the
             Sovereign
             Power
             into
             his
             Hands
             .
          
           
             Having
             thus
             discover'd
             the
             Sentiments
             of
             the
             Pannonian
             Soldiers
             ,
             he
             immediately
             made
             his
             Court
             to
             the
             Neighbouring
             Nations
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             Praefects
             of
             the
             Northern
             Provinces
             ,
             whom
             he
             easily
             allur'd
             by
             fair
             Promises
             ;
             for
             no●Man
             in
             the
             World
             made
             professions
             of
             Kindness
             and
             Friendship
             with
             more
             Art
             and
             Address
             than
             Severus
             :
             He
             was
             no●Man
             of
             nice
             Conscience
             ,
             but
             wou'd
             
             lye
             and
             falsifie
             without
             scruple
             to
             serve
             a
             Turn
             ,
             and
             wou'd
             even
             stretch
             an
             Oath
             if
             his
             Affairs
             requir'd
             it
             :
             His
             Words
             being
             always
             different
             ,
             and
             often
             opposite
             to
             his
             Intention
             .
             And
             now
             having
             secur'd
             to
             himself
             all
             Illyria
             ,
             and
             the
             Praefects
             of
             the
             neighbouring
             Provinces
             ,
             he
             rais'd
             vast
             numbers
             of
             Soldiers
             from
             all
             Parts
             ,
             and
             took
             upon
             himself
             the
             Name
             of
             Pertinax
             ,
             which
             he
             thought
             would
             be
             acceptable
             both
             to
             the
             Illyrians
             and
             the
             Romans
             ,
             after
             which
             ,
             having
             order'd
             them
             to
             rendezvous
             in
             a
             certain
             place
             ,
             he
             spoke
             to
             them
             as
             follows
             ,
             from
             a
             Throne
             there
             erected
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     SEVERUS
                     his
                     SPEECH
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Gentlemen
                       ,
                    
                  
                   
                     YOU
                     have
                     abundantly
                     testify'd
                     your
                     Piety
                     to
                     the
                     Gods
                     ,
                     by
                     whom
                     you
                     have
                     sworn
                     ,
                     and
                     your
                     Reverence
                     of
                     Crown'd
                     Heads
                     ,
                     by
                     the
                     Abhorrence
                     you
                     've
                     exprest
                     of
                     this
                     barbarous
                     and
                     unnatural
                     Treason
                     committed
                     by
                     the
                     Praetorian
                     Soldiers
                     ,
                     a
                     Band
                     of
                     Wretches
                     corrupted
                     by
                     Peace
                     ,
                     and
                     unserviceable
                     in
                     War
                     ,
                     and
                     much
                     fitter
                     to
                     adorn
                     a
                     Triumph
                     
                     than
                     to
                     obtain
                     a
                     Victory
                     ;
                     and
                     so
                     just
                     are
                     your
                     Resentments
                     on
                     this
                     Occasion
                     ,
                     that
                     I
                     cannot
                     but
                     comply
                     with
                     what
                     you
                     desire
                     ;
                     nor
                     do
                     I
                     doubt
                     of
                     Success
                     in
                     an
                     Enterprize
                     which
                     you
                     all
                     fall
                     into
                     with
                     so
                     much
                     Zeal
                     and
                     Chearfulness
                     ,
                     tho'
                     before
                     this
                     time
                     I
                     never
                     durst
                     conceive
                     a
                     Hope
                     of
                     atchieving
                     so
                     great
                     a
                     Work
                     ,
                     There
                     is
                     none
                     I
                     believe
                     amongst
                     you
                     ,
                     but
                     will
                     render
                     a
                     Testimony
                     to
                     the
                     Loyalty
                     of
                     my
                     Principles
                     ;
                     but
                     at
                     this
                     time
                     the
                     Honour
                     of
                     the
                     Empire
                     is
                     concern'd
                     ,
                     which
                     ought
                     to
                     be
                     asserted
                     from
                     the
                     Scandal
                     and
                     Infamy
                     it
                     now
                     lies
                     under
                     .
                     Our
                     Ancestors
                     had
                     always
                     especial
                     Care
                     of
                     the
                     Administration
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     might
                     be
                     free
                     from
                     all
                     Abuses
                     and
                     Corruptions
                     tending
                     to
                     its
                     Dishonour
                     ,
                     and
                     then
                     we
                     commanded
                     Respect
                     and
                     Reverence
                     from
                     all
                     the
                     Nations
                     around
                     us
                     ,
                     even
                     in
                     the
                     Reign
                     of
                     Commodus
                     ,
                     tho'
                     the
                     Publick
                     might
                     suffer
                     through
                     the
                     Inadvertencies
                     of
                     his
                     Youth
                     ,
                     yet
                     the
                     Memory
                     of
                     his
                     Father
                     ,
                     and
                     his
                     own
                     high
                     Birth
                     ,
                     gave
                     a
                     Coak
                     and
                     Varnish
                     to
                     those
                     Errors
                     ,
                     and
                     upon
                     Review
                     of
                     his
                     Actions
                     ,
                     we
                     shall
                     find
                     that
                     they
                     ought
                     rather
                     to
                     move
                     our
                     Compassion
                     than
                     our
                     Hatred
                     ;
                     for
                     he
                     is
                     not
                     to
                     be
                     esteem'd
                     
                     the
                     Author
                     of
                     what
                     was
                     done
                     then
                     ,
                     but
                     his
                     Flatterers
                     and
                     Counsellors
                     that
                     advis'd
                     and
                     assisted
                     him
                     in
                     all
                     his
                     unwarrantable
                     Proceedings
                     .
                     And
                     when
                     Pertinax
                     ,
                     whose
                     Worth
                     and
                     Virtue
                     you
                     all
                     remember
                     ,
                     was
                     elected
                     Emperor
                     ,
                     they
                     were
                     still
                     unquiet
                     ,
                     grew
                     insolent
                     and
                     factious
                     ,
                     nor
                     would
                     any
                     thing
                     satisfie
                     them
                     till
                     they
                     had
                     remov'd
                     that
                     excellent
                     Prince
                     by
                     an
                     inhumane
                     Violence
                     acted
                     upon
                     his
                     Person
                     .
                     And
                     now
                     Julian
                     ,
                     that
                     has
                     purchas'd
                     the
                     Empire
                     by
                     an
                     infamous
                     Bargain
                     and
                     Sale
                     ,
                     is
                     hated
                     (
                     as
                     you
                     hear
                     )
                     by
                     the
                     People
                     ,
                     and
                     not
                     supported
                     by
                     the
                     Soldiers
                     ,
                     with
                     whom
                     he
                     has
                     violated
                     his
                     Faith
                     and
                     Honour
                     ;
                     and
                     tho'
                     they
                     should
                     adhere
                     to
                     him
                     ,
                     yet
                     neither
                     are
                     they
                     equal
                     to
                     us
                     in
                     Number
                     ,
                     nor
                     in
                     the
                     personal
                     Bravery
                     of
                     their
                     Men.
                     You
                     are
                     Veterane
                     Soldiers
                     ,
                     train'd
                     up
                     in
                     a
                     Course
                     of
                     Military
                     Actions
                     ;
                     you
                     have
                     repress'd
                     the
                     Insults
                     of
                     Barbarous
                     Enemies
                     ,
                     are
                     inur'd
                     to
                     the
                     Hardships
                     of
                     War
                     ,
                     have
                     born
                     the
                     Extremities
                     of
                     Heat
                     and
                     Cold
                     ,
                     have
                     march'd
                     over
                     frozen
                     Rivers
                     ,
                     drunk
                     Puddle-Water
                     ,
                     chas'd
                     wild
                     Beasts
                     ;
                     and
                     I
                     must
                     say
                     this
                     in
                     your
                     Commendation
                     ,
                     I
                     don't
                     believe
                     that
                     there
                     are
                     this
                     Day
                     in
                     the
                     World
                     Soldiers
                     
                     that
                     are
                     able
                     to
                     stand
                     against
                     you
                     :
                     For
                     't
                     is
                     Labour
                     is
                     the
                     Test
                     of
                     a
                     good
                     Soldier
                     ,
                     and
                     not
                     Pleasure
                     ,
                     with
                     which
                     they
                     are
                     so
                     soften'd
                     and
                     emasculated
                     ,
                     that
                     even
                     your
                     Warlike
                     Shouts
                     will
                     shock
                     their
                     Courages
                     ,
                     and
                     scare
                     them
                     into
                     a
                     Submission
                     .
                     And
                     as
                     for
                     the
                     Syrian
                     Faction
                     ,
                     if
                     any
                     among
                     you
                     apprehend
                     any
                     thing
                     from
                     that
                     side
                     ,
                     t
                     is
                     evident
                     in
                     how
                     weak
                     a
                     Condition
                     they
                     are
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     what
                     a
                     low
                     Ebb
                     their
                     Hopes
                     are
                     sunk
                     ,
                     because
                     they
                     keep
                     themselves
                     within
                     their
                     own
                     Country
                     ,
                     and
                     dare
                     not
                     so
                     much
                     as
                     enter
                     into
                     Debate
                     whether
                     or
                     no
                     they
                     shall
                     march
                     to
                     Rome
                     ,
                     but
                     content
                     themselves
                     to
                     live
                     at
                     large
                     during
                     the
                     Confusion
                     and
                     Licence
                     of
                     an
                     unsettled
                     Government
                     ;
                     and
                     it
                     s
                     well
                     known
                     ,
                     that
                     t
                     is
                     the
                     Talent
                     of
                     the
                     Syrians
                     to
                     rally
                     with
                     a
                     
                       bon
                       grace
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     they
                     are
                     generally
                     better
                     Drolls
                     than
                     Soldiers
                     .
                     Those
                     that
                     live
                     in
                     Antioch
                     are
                     they
                     which
                     appear
                     the
                     most
                     Zealous
                     for
                     Niger
                     .
                     The
                     other
                     Cities
                     and
                     Provinces
                     do
                     declare
                     for
                     him
                     at
                     present
                     ,
                     because
                     no
                     other
                     Pretender
                     appears
                     that
                     is
                     worthy
                     of
                     the
                     Empire
                     ,
                     or
                     is
                     able
                     to
                     Govern
                     it
                     with
                     Prudence
                     and
                     Resolution
                     :
                     But
                     if
                     they
                     be
                     advertis'd
                     that
                     the
                     Illyrian
                     Army
                     
                     have
                     set
                     up
                     a
                     Competitor
                     ,
                     and
                     shall
                     hear
                     my
                     Name
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     very
                     well
                     known
                     amongst
                     them
                     since
                     I
                     govern'd
                     in
                     those
                     Parts
                     ,
                     believe
                     me
                     ,
                     Gentlemen
                     ,
                     they
                     are
                     too
                     well
                     acquainted
                     with
                     my
                     Courage
                     and
                     Conduct
                     to
                     despise
                     either
                     :
                     Nor
                     will
                     they
                     be
                     willing
                     to
                     sustain
                     the
                     force
                     of
                     your
                     Arms
                     ,
                     or
                     the
                     vigour
                     of
                     your
                     Attacks
                     ,
                     being
                     so
                     much
                     inferiour
                     to
                     you
                     in
                     Stature
                     of
                     Body
                     ,
                     and
                     military
                     Discipline
                     .
                     In
                     fine
                     ,
                     my
                     Advice
                     is
                     to
                     march
                     directly
                     to
                     Rome
                     ,
                     and
                     possess
                     our selves
                     of
                     the
                     City
                     and
                     Palace
                     ,
                     and
                     then
                     we
                     shall
                     easily
                     accomplish
                     what
                     remains
                     ,
                     having
                     Human
                     Force
                     and
                     Divine
                     Prediction
                     to
                     support
                     us
                     in
                     this
                     Affiance
                     .
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             The
             Soldiers
             signify'd
             their
             Approbation
             of
             this
             Speech
             ,
             in
             loud
             Acclamations
             of
             Joy
             ,
             calling
             
               Severus
               Sovereign
            
             and
             Pertinax
             ,
             with
             all
             the
             Testimonies
             of
             an
             extraordinary
             Forwardness
             and
             Zeal
             for
             him
             .
             Severus
             gave
             them
             not
             time
             for
             their
             Affections
             to
             cool
             ,
             but
             instantly
             commanded
             them
             to
             put
             themselves
             in
             readiness
             ,
             and
             to
             march
             directly
             to
             Rome
             ,
             distributing
             
             Victuals
             to
             them
             ,
             with
             all
             other
             Provisions
             and
             Necessaries
             for
             a
             March.
             This
             Expedition
             he
             perform'd
             with
             incredible
             Swiftness
             ,
             not
             so
             much
             as
             halting
             at
             any
             Place
             ,
             unless
             it
             was
             to
             let
             the
             Soldiers
             take
             breath
             ,
             that
             were
             fatigu'd
             with
             constant
             marching
             .
             He
             himself
             shar'd
             the
             Toil
             of
             the
             Journey
             ,
             lying
             always
             in
             an
             ordinary
             Tent
             ,
             and
             living
             upon
             the
             same
             course
             Fare
             that
             serv'd
             the
             other
             Soldiers
             ,
             without
             any
             thing
             of
             the
             Luxury
             of
             Courts
             ,
             or
             the
             Delicacy
             of
             Kings
             .
             This
             confirm'd
             to
             him
             the
             Benevolence
             of
             the
             Soldiers
             ;
             for
             when
             they
             saw
             him
             undergo
             the
             same
             Hardships
             ,
             or
             rather
             greater
             than
             they
             underwent
             ,
             they
             could
             not
             but
             reverence
             him
             ,
             and
             were
             upon
             the
             vie
             amongst
             themselves
             who
             should
             appear
             the
             most
             ready
             to
             serve
             him
             .
          
           
             After
             he
             had
             march'd
             through
             Pannonia
             ,
             and
             was
             come
             to
             the
             Mountains
             of
             Italy
             ,
             preventing
             all
             Intelligence
             of
             his
             Approach
             by
             the
             swiftness
             of
             his
             March
             ,
             he
             appear'd
             in
             Italy
             before
             it
             was
             known
             that
             he
             was
             upon
             his
             Way
             .
             
             This
             sudden
             descent
             of
             so
             puissant
             an
             Army
             ,
             put
             the
             Cities
             of
             Italy
             into
             a
             terrible
             Consternation
             ;
             for
             the
             People
             of
             this
             Country
             having
             been
             long
             disus'd
             to
             the
             Tumults
             and
             Alarms
             of
             War
             ,
             had
             apply'd
             themselves
             to
             the
             Tillage
             of
             the
             Ground
             ,
             and
             other
             Arts
             of
             Peace
             .
             Indeed
             while
             the
             Roman
             Government
             remained
             under
             the
             Form
             of
             a
             Democracy
             ,
             and
             the
             Senate
             granted
             Commissions
             to
             their
             Generals
             ,
             the
             Italians
             were
             always
             in
             Arms
             ,
             and
             having
             conquer'd
             the
             Greeks
             and
             Barbarians
             ,
             gain'd
             an
             entire
             Sovereignty
             of
             Land
             and
             Sea.
             Nor
             was
             there
             any
             Country
             or
             Climate
             in
             Earth
             or
             Heaven
             ,
             whither
             the
             Romans
             had
             not
             extended
             their
             Conquests
             .
             But
             when
             Augustus
             became
             Emperor
             ,
             he
             disarm'd
             them
             ,
             and
             put
             an
             End
             to
             their
             Toils
             ,
             and
             committed
             the
             Guard
             and
             Defence
             of
             the
             Empire
             to
             Mercenary
             Forces
             ,
             which
             he
             maintain'd
             in
             the
             nature
             of
             a
             Standing
             Army
             ,
             to
             be
             a
             Wall
             and
             Barrier
             to
             his
             Dominions
             ,
             which
             were
             also
             naturally
             fortify'd
             by
             great
             Rivers
             ,
             deep
             Ditches
             ,
             craggy
             
             Mountains
             ,
             vast
             and
             unpassable
             Desarts
             .
          
           
             For
             these
             Reasons
             the
             Approach
             of
             Severus
             with
             so
             formidable
             an
             Army
             ,
             being
             a
             thing
             so
             unusual
             ,
             put
             the
             People
             into
             a
             terrible
             Confusion
             ,
             for
             they
             were
             unable
             to
             oppose
             or
             give
             him
             any
             Diversion
             ,
             and
             therefore
             they
             went
             out
             to
             meet
             him
             with
             Branches
             of
             Laurel
             ,
             and
             receiv'd
             him
             with
             open
             Gates
             ;
             he
             stay'd
             no
             longer
             with
             them
             than
             till
             he
             had
             sacrific'd
             ,
             and
             harangu'd
             the
             People
             ,
             and
             then
             proceeded
             on
             his
             March
             to
             Rome
             .
          
           
             Julian
             was
             in
             great
             Consternation
             upon
             the
             Intelligence
             which
             he
             receiv'd
             of
             the
             Progress
             of
             Severus
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             Strength
             and
             Number
             of
             the
             Illyrian
             Army
             ;
             he
             knew
             that
             he
             was
             universally
             hated
             by
             the
             People
             ,
             and
             could
             repose
             no
             great
             Confidence
             in
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             with
             whom
             he
             had
             apparently
             broken
             his
             Promise
             :
             however
             he
             amassed
             what
             Money
             he
             could
             ,
             part
             whereof
             was
             his
             own
             ,
             part
             he
             borrow'd
             of
             his
             Friends
             ,
             besides
             what
             he
             had
             got
             by
             
             pillaging
             Temples
             ,
             and
             other
             Publick
             Places
             ;
             and
             distributed
             it
             among
             the
             Soldiers
             to
             retrieve
             his
             Credit
             and
             Interest
             with
             them
             ;
             but
             they
             ,
             though
             they
             receiv'd
             very
             considerable
             Summs
             ,
             thought
             themselves
             under
             no
             Obligations
             to
             him
             ,
             looking
             upon
             them
             not
             as
             free
             Gifts
             ,
             but
             as
             payments
             of
             just
             Debts
             .
          
           
             Those
             that
             favour'd
             Julian
             ,
             advised
             him
             to
             draw
             out
             his
             Army
             ,
             and
             block
             up
             the
             Streights
             of
             the
             Alps.
             These
             Alps
             are
             vastly
             high
             Mountains
             ,
             the
             like
             to
             which
             are
             none
             in
             these
             Parts
             ,
             bounding
             Italy
             like
             a
             Wall
             ,
             Nature
             having
             added
             to
             those
             other
             Bounties
             which
             she
             has
             heaped
             upon
             this
             Country
             ,
             that
             of
             an
             impregnable
             Fortification
             ,
             extending
             from
             the
             Northern
             to
             the
             Southern
             Seas
             ;
             but
             Julian
             durst
             not
             leave
             the
             City
             ,
             but
             entreated
             the
             Soldiers
             to
             betake
             themselves
             to
             their
             Arms
             and
             Military
             Exercises
             ,
             whilst
             he
             provided
             Ammunition
             ,
             and
             put
             all
             things
             in
             readiness
             to
             give
             Severus
             Battle
             in
             the
             City
             .
             The
             Elephants
             which
             were
             kept
             
             
             
             
             
             for
             State
             and
             Parade
             ,
             he
             endeavoured
             to
             manage
             ,
             and
             make
             fit
             for
             Service
             ,
             supposing
             that
             the
             Illyrian
             Men
             and
             Horses
             wou'd
             be
             terrify'd
             by
             the
             monstrous
             Size
             ,
             and
             uncouth
             Shape
             of
             these
             Beasts
             ,
             the
             like
             to
             which
             they
             had
             never
             seen
             ;
             and
             all
             the
             City
             was
             busied
             in
             making
             Arms
             and
             Engines
             of
             War.
             
          
           
             While
             
             Julian's
             Soldiers
             were
             thus
             imployed
             in
             making
             themselves
             ready
             for
             the
             Battle
             ,
             the
             News
             came
             that
             Severus
             was
             upon
             them
             ;
             for
             he
             had
             detach'd
             a
             great
             part
             of
             his
             Army
             ,
             with
             orders
             to
             convey
             themselves
             into
             the
             City
             secretly
             in
             small
             unobserv'd
             Parties
             ,
             which
             they
             did
             at
             Night
             ,
             entring
             by
             different
             Ways
             ,
             and
             concealing
             their
             Arms
             under
             the
             Habit
             of
             Country
             Peasants
             ;
             and
             now
             the
             Enemy
             was
             in
             the
             Heart
             of
             the
             City
             before
             Julian
             was
             aware
             ,
             or
             knew
             any
             thing
             of
             the
             Matter
             .
             Whereupon
             the
             People
             ,
             fearing
             the
             Power
             of
             Severus
             ,
             immediately
             fell
             in
             with
             that
             Faction
             ,
             and
             declar'd
             for
             him
             ,
             vilifying
             and
             reproaching
             Niger
             and
             Julian
             ,
             the
             
             first
             for
             his
             Lazyness
             ,
             and
             the
             latter
             for
             his
             Cowardice
             ,
             and
             extolling
             in
             the
             mean
             time
             Severus
             to
             the
             Skies
             ,
             who
             was
             then
             advancing
             towards
             the
             City
             .
          
           
             Julian
             at
             this
             time
             being
             irresolute
             ,
             and
             uncertain
             what
             Counsels
             to
             pursue
             ,
             call'd
             a
             Senate
             ,
             and
             sent
             Letters
             to
             Severus
             ,
             wherein
             he
             made
             Overtures
             of
             a
             Treaty
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             offered
             him
             a
             Partnership
             of
             the
             Empire
             .
             The
             Senate
             readily
             concurred
             with
             him
             in
             this
             Proposal
             ;
             but
             when
             they
             saw
             him
             reduc'd
             to
             this
             height
             of
             Despair
             ,
             made
             a
             general
             Defection
             to
             Severus
             ;
             and
             within
             two
             or
             three
             Days
             after
             ,
             when
             the
             Report
             of
             his
             Arrival
             was
             confirmed
             ,
             disowned
             his
             Authority
             ,
             and
             were
             conven'd
             by
             Order
             of
             the
             Consuls
             ,
             to
             whom
             the
             Administration
             of
             Affairs
             is
             committed
             while
             the
             Supreme
             Power
             is
             under
             Contest
             .
             Being
             thus
             assembled
             ,
             they
             enter'd
             into
             Debate
             about
             the
             Measures
             to
             be
             taken
             in
             this
             Conjuncture
             .
             Julian
             still
             remaining
             in
             the
             Imperial
             Palace
             ,
             bewailing
             the
             present
             Catastrophe
             of
             his
             Fortune
             ,
             and
             
             requesting
             that
             he
             might
             renounce
             his
             Claim
             to
             the
             Empire
             ,
             and
             render
             up
             his
             Power
             and
             Authority
             to
             Severus
             .
          
           
             But
             when
             the
             Senate
             understood
             that
             he
             was
             in
             this
             Consternation
             ,
             and
             that
             his
             Guards
             had
             all
             deserted
             him
             for
             fear
             of
             Severus
             ,
             they
             determin'd
             to
             put
             him
             to
             Death
             ,
             and
             to
             declare
             Severus
             sole
             Emperor
             ,
             and
             instantly
             order'd
             an
             Embassy
             to
             Severus
             ,
             compos'd
             of
             the
             Principal
             Magistrates
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             were
             of
             the
             greatest
             Consideration
             in
             the
             Senate
             ,
             to
             make
             a
             Tender
             of
             the
             Imperial
             Honours
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             same
             time
             commission'd
             a
             certain
             Tribune
             to
             dispatch
             Julian
             ,
             (
             that
             miserable
             Wretch
             that
             by
             his
             Money
             had
             purchas'd
             his
             Ruin.
             )
             He
             found
             him
             forsaken
             and
             abandon'd
             by
             all
             Men
             ,
             and
             executed
             his
             Warrant
             upon
             him
             ;
             his
             Deportment
             in
             this
             last
             Scene
             arguing
             the
             same
             Meanness
             of
             Spirit
             which
             he
             had
             discovered
             in
             the
             whole
             Course
             of
             his
             former
             Life
             .
             After
             Severus
             was
             inform'd
             of
             the
             Proceedings
             of
             the
             Senate
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             Death
             of
             Julian
             ,
             he
             began
             to
             have
             
             greater
             Matters
             in
             view
             ,
             and
             made
             use
             of
             this
             Stratagem
             to
             get
             all
             those
             into
             his
             Power
             that
             were
             concern'd
             in
             the
             Murder
             of
             Pertinax
             .
             He
             sent
             Letters
             to
             the
             Tribunes
             ,
             and
             other
             Principal
             Officers
             ,
             importing
             ,
             that
             they
             should
             perswade
             the
             Praetorian
             Soldiers
             to
             a
             Submission
             to
             all
             his
             Commands
             ;
             and
             promis'd
             them
             great
             Rewards
             ,
             provided
             they
             should
             effect
             what
             he
             had
             given
             them
             in
             Charge
             .
             Afterwards
             he
             put
             out
             an
             Edict
             ,
             commanding
             the
             Soldiers
             to
             leave
             their
             Arms
             in
             the
             Camp
             ,
             and
             to
             march
             out
             attir'd
             (
             as
             they
             were
             wont
             to
             be
             when
             they
             attended
             the
             Emperor
             at
             a
             Sacrifice
             or
             Festival
             )
             and
             to
             take
             the
             Oaths
             of
             Fidelity
             to
             him
             ,
             as
             if
             they
             were
             to
             have
             been
             continu'd
             in
             the
             Post
             they
             were
             then
             in
             .
             They
             easily
             believ'd
             all
             this
             ,
             and
             were
             prevail'd
             upon
             by
             their
             Officers
             to
             leave
             their
             Arms
             according
             to
             the
             Tenor
             of
             the
             Edict
             ,
             and
             march'd
             out
             with
             Branches
             of
             Laurel
             ,
             in
             the
             Habits
             which
             they
             appear
             in
             only
             at
             Publick
             Solemnities
             .
          
           
           
             After
             they
             were
             arriv'd
             at
             
             Severus's
             Camp
             ,
             he
             commanded
             them
             to
             assemble
             in
             the
             Field
             ,
             as
             if
             he
             had
             design'd
             only
             some
             Civilities
             to
             them
             upon
             the
             Interview
             :
             They
             obey'd
             ;
             and
             as
             soon
             as
             they
             saw
             him
             ascend
             the
             Bench
             of
             State
             ,
             they
             all
             broke
             out
             into
             Acclamations
             of
             Joy
             ;
             and
             that
             very
             Moment
             the
             Signal
             being
             given
             ,
             were
             all
             made
             Prisoners
             .
             For
             Severus
             had
             order'd
             his
             Soldiers
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             their
             Eyes
             were
             fix'd
             upon
             him
             ,
             and
             their
             Minds
             were
             in
             suspence
             and
             amuzement
             ,
             to
             surround
             them
             in
             Martial
             manner
             ,
             but
             not
             to
             wound
             or
             strike
             any
             of
             them
             ,
             but
             only
             to
             keep
             them
             hemm'd
             in
             ,
             and
             mount
             their
             Spears
             and
             present
             their
             Javelins
             to
             them
             ,
             that
             being
             few
             ,
             and
             without
             Arms
             ,
             they
             might
             not
             attempt
             any
             Opposition
             ,
             for
             fear
             of
             being
             wounded
             .
             When
             they
             were
             thus
             encompass'd
             ,
             in
             a
             loud
             Voice
             ,
             and
             full
             of
             Wrath
             and
             Anger
             ,
             he
             spoke
             to
             them
             as
             follows
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                   
                   
                     SEVERUS
                     his
                     SPEECH
                     .
                  
                   
                     GEntlemen
                     ,
                     I
                     suppose
                     you
                     find
                     by
                     Experience
                     ,
                     that
                     we
                     are
                     superior
                     to
                     you
                     as
                     well
                     in
                     Conduct
                     ,
                     as
                     in
                     the
                     Strength
                     and
                     Number
                     of
                     our
                     Forces
                     .
                     You
                     are
                     all
                     reduc'd
                     here
                     ,
                     and
                     made
                     our
                     Prisoners
                     ,
                     without
                     striking
                     a
                     Blow
                     .
                     'T
                     is
                     in
                     my
                     Power
                     to
                     do
                     with
                     you
                     what
                     I
                     think
                     fit
                     ,
                     and
                     ,
                     if
                     I
                     please
                     ,
                     to
                     sacrifice
                     you
                     to
                     my
                     present
                     Resentment
                     .
                     If
                     I
                     should
                     endeavour
                     to
                     proportion
                     a
                     Reward
                     to
                     the
                     Greatness
                     of
                     your
                     Villainy
                     ,
                     't
                     would
                     be
                     in
                     vain
                     ;
                     for
                     your
                     Crime
                     exceeds
                     all
                     Measures
                     and
                     Degrees
                     of
                     Punishment
                     .
                     You
                     have
                     basely
                     murther'd
                     a
                     good
                     and
                     gracious
                     Prince
                     ,
                     whom
                     you
                     ought
                     to
                     have
                     guarded
                     and
                     defended
                     .
                     And
                     whereas
                     our
                     Ancestors
                     in
                     the
                     Choice
                     of
                     Emperors
                     were
                     chiefly
                     moved
                     by
                     Highness
                     of
                     Birth
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     excellent
                     Qualities
                     of
                     the
                     Pretenders
                     ,
                     you
                     have
                     basely
                     and
                     infamously
                     barter'd
                     the
                     Empire
                     for
                     Gold
                     ,
                     as
                     if
                     it
                     had
                     been
                     your
                     own
                     Property
                     :
                     And
                     moreover
                     ,
                     when
                     you
                     had
                     set
                     up
                     an
                     Emperor
                     ,
                     you
                     durst
                     not
                     protect
                     him
                     ,
                     but
                     by
                     a
                     singular
                     Instance
                     of
                     perfidious
                     Cowardice
                     
                     betray'd
                     and
                     abandon'd
                     him
                     .
                     For
                     these
                     Crimes
                     you
                     are
                     worthy
                     of
                     a
                     thousand
                     Deaths
                     ,
                     would
                     I
                     inflict
                     a
                     Punishment
                     equal
                     to
                     the
                     Heinousness
                     of
                     your
                     Guilt
                     :
                     This
                     is
                     what
                     in
                     Justice
                     you
                     ought
                     to
                     suffer
                     .
                     I
                     will
                     pardon
                     you
                     so
                     far
                     ,
                     as
                     not
                     to
                     imitate
                     your
                     own
                     Cruelty
                     ;
                     but
                     it
                     is
                     neither
                     just
                     nor
                     fit
                     that
                     after
                     you
                     have
                     thus
                     manifestly
                     broken
                     your
                     Oath
                     ,
                     and
                     defil●d
                     your
                     Hands
                     with
                     the
                     Blood
                     of
                     your
                     Emperor
                     and
                     Fellow-Citizen
                     ;
                     after
                     you
                     have
                     violated
                     your
                     Faith
                     ,
                     and
                     betray'd
                     this
                     your
                     Trust
                     ,
                     that
                     you
                     should
                     yet
                     guard
                     the
                     Body
                     of
                     your
                     Prince
                     .
                     Your
                     Lives
                     and
                     Liberties
                     you
                     shall
                     owe
                     to
                     my
                     Clemency
                     ;
                     but
                     I
                     shall
                     command
                     these
                     my
                     Soldiers
                     to
                     strip
                     you
                     of
                     all
                     your
                     Military
                     Equipage
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     send
                     you
                     away
                     naked
                     .
                     And
                     moreover
                     ,
                     I
                     command
                     you
                     all
                     to
                     depart
                     this
                     City
                     ,
                     and
                     from
                     henceforward
                     do
                     make
                     it
                     Capital
                     for
                     any
                     of
                     you
                     to
                     appear
                     within
                     a
                     hundred
                     Miles
                     of
                     Rome
                     .
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             As
             soon
             as
             these
             Orders
             were
             given
             ,
             the
             Illyrians
             immediately
             flew
             upon
             them
             ,
             and
             plunder'd
             them
             of
             their
             Bagonets
             ,
             which
             were
             curiously
             adorn'd
             with
             Gold
             
             and
             Silver
             ,
             and
             made
             only
             to
             be
             worn
             in
             Solemn
             Pomps
             and
             Processions
             ;
             tore
             off
             their
             Belts
             ,
             Coats
             ,
             &c.
             with
             all
             their
             other
             Military
             Equipage
             ,
             and
             sent
             them
             away
             naked
             .
             They
             were
             forc'd
             to
             submit
             ,
             being
             caught
             and
             over-reach'd
             by
             this
             Politick
             Fetch
             of
             Severus
             :
             For
             what
             could
             a
             few
             naked
             Men
             do
             against
             a
             numerous
             and
             well
             appointed
             Army
             ?
             They
             march'd
             off
             bewailing
             their
             hard
             Fortune
             ,
             but
             were
             pleas'd
             however
             that
             they
             had
             escap'd
             with
             their
             Lives
             ,
             nothing
             regretting
             them
             so
             much
             as
             that
             they
             should
             be
             thus
             shamefully
             decoy'd
             and
             caught
             by
             parting
             so
             easily
             with
             their
             Arms.
             Severus
             made
             use
             of
             another
             Stratagem
             ;
             for
             he
             was
             afraid
             that
             being
             thus
             stripp'd
             ,
             they
             might
             grow
             desperate
             ,
             and
             return
             to
             their
             Camp
             ,
             and
             so
             rally
             again
             .
             Therefore
             he
             detach'd
             some
             of
             the
             best
             of
             his
             Troops
             ,
             commanding
             them
             to
             march
             by
             secret
             Ways
             ,
             and
             possess
             themselves
             of
             their
             Camp
             ,
             while
             it
             lay
             open
             and
             unguarded
             ,
             and
             secure
             their
             Arms
             ,
             that
             in
             case
             they
             should
             attempt
             to
             re-enter
             ,
             they
             might
             be
             able
             
             to
             repulse
             them
             .
             This
             was
             the
             End
             of
             the
             Murderers
             of
             Pertinax
             .
          
           
             Severus
             ,
             with
             the
             Remainder
             of
             his
             Army
             rang'd
             in
             Order
             of
             Battel
             ,
             march'd
             directly
             to
             Rome
             .
             This
             struck
             Terror
             into
             the
             Roman
             People
             ,
             when
             they
             consider'd
             his
             bold
             and
             fortunate
             Exploits
             .
             The
             People
             and
             Senate
             went
             out
             to
             meet
             him
             ,
             with
             Branches
             of
             Laurel
             ,
             being
             the
             first
             of
             Emperors
             or
             Men
             that
             had
             accomplish'd
             so
             great
             a
             Work
             without
             shedding
             a
             Drop
             of
             Blood
             ,
             or
             striking
             so
             much
             as
             a
             Stroke
             .
             He
             had
             many
             excellent
             Qualities
             ,
             which
             commanded
             Veneration
             and
             Respect
             :
             Of
             this
             Number
             were
             his
             Sagacity
             ,
             his
             indefatigable
             Industry
             ,
             his
             Assurance
             and
             Courage
             in
             embarking
             in
             great
             Adventures
             .
             After
             the
             People
             had
             receiv'd
             him
             with
             Acclamations
             of
             Joy
             ,
             and
             the
             Senate
             had
             complemented
             him
             at
             the
             Gates
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             he
             repair'd
             to
             the
             Temple
             of
             Jupiter
             ,
             where
             he
             sacrific'd
             ,
             as
             he
             did
             also
             at
             the
             other
             Temples
             ,
             in
             conformity
             to
             the
             Custom
             ;
             and
             from
             thence
             he
             retir'd
             to
             the
             Imperial
             Palace
             .
          
           
           
             The
             next
             Day
             he
             appear'd
             in
             the
             Senate
             ,
             where
             he
             spoke
             to
             them
             with
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             Mildness
             and
             Temper
             ,
             giving
             them
             great
             Assurances
             of
             future
             Blessings
             .
             He
             treated
             all
             Men
             in
             Publick
             and
             Private
             with
             an
             obliging
             Respect
             ,
             declaring
             ,
             that
             the
             Intent
             of
             his
             Coming
             was
             to
             revenge
             the
             Death
             of
             Pertinax
             ,
             and
             establish
             an
             Aristocracy
             ;
             that
             no
             Man's
             Life
             should
             be
             taken
             away
             ,
             nor
             any
             Man's
             Goods
             confiscated
             ,
             without
             Legal
             Trial
             ;
             that
             he
             would
             not
             give
             Ear
             to
             Informers
             ;
             that
             he
             would
             make
             it
             his
             principal
             Study
             and
             Endeavour
             ,
             that
             his
             Subjects
             might
             be
             Happy
             under
             his
             Government
             ;
             that
             he
             would
             govern
             by
             the
             same
             Measures
             that
             Marcus
             had
             rul'd
             by
             before
             him
             ;
             that
             he
             would
             not
             only
             assume
             the
             Name
             of
             Pertinax
             ,
             but
             that
             he
             would
             also
             imitate
             his
             excellent
             Qualities
             .
             These
             and
             the
             like
             Professions
             ,
             won
             to
             him
             the
             Affections
             and
             Confidence
             of
             the
             People
             :
             Indeed
             some
             of
             the
             Old
             Men
             that
             were
             acquainted
             with
             his
             Temper
             ,
             inform'd
             them
             secretly
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             an
             old
             practis'd
             
             Hypocrite
             ,
             that
             he
             manag'd
             all
             Things
             by
             Art
             and
             Intrigue
             ,
             that
             he
             would
             lie
             ,
             falsifie
             ,
             dissemble
             ,
             do
             any
             thing
             in
             the
             World
             to
             serve
             an
             Interest
             ;
             all
             which
             they
             found
             to
             be
             true
             afterwards
             by
             Experience
             .
          
           
             Severus
             made
             only
             a
             short
             Stay
             in
             Rome
             ,
             during
             which
             he
             gave
             a
             large
             Dole
             to
             the
             People
             ,
             and
             Donatives
             to
             the
             Soldiers
             :
             Out
             of
             these
             he
             chose
             such
             as
             had
             signaliz'd
             their
             Bravery
             above
             the
             rest
             ,
             to
             guard
             the
             Empire
             ,
             in
             the
             Room
             of
             those
             that
             had
             been
             cashier'd
             ;
             and
             then
             prepar'd
             for
             his
             Expedition
             into
             the
             East
             ;
             for
             Niger
             ,
             thoughtless
             and
             undesigning
             ,
             lay
             still
             in
             Antioch
             ,
             dissolv'd
             in
             Luxury
             and
             Pleasure
             ;
             and
             Severus
             intended
             to
             surprise
             him
             ,
             before
             he
             had
             Intelligence
             of
             his
             Coming
             ,
             or
             could
             put
             himself
             in
             Condition
             to
             oppose
             him
             .
             So
             he
             issu'd
             out
             Orders
             to
             the
             Soldiers
             to
             be
             in
             a
             readiness
             to
             march
             upon
             the
             shortest
             warning
             ;
             he
             drew
             together
             his
             Army
             from
             all
             Parts
             ,
             made
             new
             Levies
             in
             Italy
             ,
             and
             commanded
             that
             Part
             of
             the
             Illyrian
             Army
             which
             
             was
             left
             ,
             to
             joyn
             him
             in
             Thrace
             ;
             he
             also
             equipp'd
             a
             Navy
             ,
             and
             mann'd
             out
             all
             the
             Italian
             Ships
             that
             were
             fit
             for
             Service
             ;
             and
             these
             mighty
             Levies
             ,
             as
             well
             for
             Sea
             as
             Land
             ,
             were
             compleated
             in
             a
             short
             time
             :
             For
             he
             knew
             he
             should
             have
             Occasion
             for
             a
             very
             formidable
             Force
             ,
             to
             reduce
             all
             that
             Continent
             which
             lies
             opposite
             to
             Europe
             ,
             which
             universally
             adher'd
             to
             Niger
             .
             These
             were
             the
             Preparations
             he
             made
             for
             the
             War.
             
          
           
             But
             being
             a
             Man
             of
             great
             Wisdom
             and
             Foresight
             ,
             he
             was
             jealous
             of
             the
             British
             Forces
             ,
             which
             were
             very
             numerous
             ,
             and
             consisted
             of
             gallant
             Men
             :
             They
             were
             under
             the
             Command
             of
             Albinus
             ,
             a
             Man
             nobly
             descended
             ,
             and
             one
             that
             had
             liv'd
             from
             his
             Youth
             in
             Pleasure
             and
             Plenty
             .
             Severus
             therefore
             resolv'd
             by
             a
             Strain
             of
             Court-Skill
             to
             gain
             this
             Man
             over
             to
             him
             ;
             for
             he
             fear'd
             lest
             having
             so
             many
             Incentives
             to
             Ambition
             and
             Desire
             of
             Rule
             ,
             (
             as
             his
             Wealth
             ,
             his
             Birth
             ,
             the
             Strength
             of
             his
             Army
             ,
             his
             Reputation
             with
             the
             Romans
             )
             he
             might
             be
             induc'd
             to
             seize
             upon
             the
             Empire
             ,
             and
             
             surprize
             Rome
             ,
             which
             is
             not
             far
             from
             Britain
             ,
             while
             he
             was
             engag'd
             in
             a
             War
             in
             the
             East
             .
             He
             thought
             the
             best
             Way
             to
             allure
             him
             ,
             was
             by
             a
             shew
             of
             Honour
             and
             Deference
             ;
             for
             he
             was
             at
             all
             times
             very
             weak
             and
             and
             open
             to
             the
             Practices
             of
             designing
             Men
             ,
             and
             now
             readily
             believ'd
             
             Severus's
             Promises
             ,
             which
             he
             enforc'd
             with
             Oaths
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             Solemnity
             imaginable
             .
             He
             therefore
             declar'd
             him
             his
             Collegue
             ,
             anticipating
             his
             Ambition
             ,
             by
             offering
             him
             a
             Share
             in
             the
             Empire
             ,
             and
             sent
             him
             Letters
             full
             of
             Professions
             of
             Friendship
             and
             Amity
             ,
             and
             entreated
             him
             to
             apply
             himself
             to
             the
             Administration
             of
             the
             Empire
             ;
             adding
             ,
             that
             the
             Publick
             Affairs
             requir'd
             a
             Man
             that
             was
             nobly
             descended
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             Flower
             of
             his
             Age
             ;
             that
             he
             was
             very
             old
             ,
             and
             afflicted
             with
             the
             Gout
             ;
             that
             his
             Children
             were
             young
             ,
             and
             unfit
             for
             Business
             ,
             
               &c.
               
               Albinus
            
             was
             easie
             of
             belief
             ,
             and
             readily
             catch'd
             at
             the
             Proposal
             ,
             being
             highly
             satisfied
             to
             have
             attain'd
             the
             Ends
             of
             his
             Ambition
             without
             any
             Hazard
             or
             Trouble
             in
             the
             attaining
             .
          
           
           
             Severus
             acquainted
             the
             Senate
             with
             his
             Intention
             ;
             and
             that
             he
             might
             satisfie
             them
             and
             the
             World
             of
             his
             Sincerity
             ,
             he
             commanded
             Moneys
             to
             be
             stamp'd
             with
             
             Albinus's
             Image
             ,
             and
             order'd
             his
             Statues
             to
             be
             erected
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             Imperial
             Honours
             to
             be
             paid
             to
             him
             :
             And
             after
             he
             had
             made
             all
             Things
             secure
             on
             that
             Side
             ,
             by
             his
             politick
             Management
             of
             Albinus
             ,
             and
             had
             freed
             himself
             from
             the
             Apprehensions
             of
             a
             Diversion
             from
             Britain
             ,
             and
             the
             Illyrian
             Armies
             were
             united
             ,
             and
             he
             had
             order'd
             all
             Things
             at
             home
             as
             he
             thought
             most
             convenient
             in
             the
             present
             Conjuncture
             ,
             he
             advanc'd
             with
             his
             Army
             against
             Niger
             .
             Now
             ,
             as
             for
             the
             Halts
             he
             made
             in
             his
             March
             ,
             his
             Speeches
             in
             the
             Towns
             which
             he
             pass'd
             through
             ,
             the
             Signs
             which
             appear'd
             from
             Heaven
             ,
             the
             Countries
             through
             which
             he
             march'd
             ,
             his
             Engagements
             ,
             the
             Number
             of
             the
             Slain
             on
             both
             Sides
             ,
             these
             you
             will
             find
             related
             with
             more
             accuracy
             by
             the
             Historians
             and
             Poets
             ,
             who
             undertook
             only
             the
             single
             Life
             of
             Severus
             .
             But
             I
             have
             taken
             upon
             me
             to
             report
             down
             to
             Posterity
             
             all
             the
             remarkable
             Occurrences
             which
             have
             hapned
             within
             my
             Memory
             and
             Observation
             ,
             under
             divers
             Reigns
             ,
             in
             the
             whole
             Course
             of
             70
             Years
             .
             The
             principal
             therefore
             ,
             and
             most
             memorable
             of
             
             Severus's
             Atchievements
             ,
             we
             shall
             relate
             in
             the
             Prosecution
             of
             this
             History
             ,
             not
             extolling
             any
             thing
             out
             of
             favour
             or
             devotion
             to
             a
             Party
             ,
             as
             the
             Writers
             of
             that
             Age
             have
             done
             ;
             nor
             omitting
             any
             thing
             that
             is
             worthy
             to
             be
             recorded
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           
           
             AN
             EPITOME
             OF
             THE
             Third
             Book
             .
          
           
             NIger
             being
             advertiz'd
             that
             Severus
             had
             seiz'd
             the
             Empire
             ,
             and
             was
             advancing
             against
             him
             ,
             makes
             all
             the
             Preparations
             he
             can
             to
             oppose
             him
             .
             Severus
             enters
             Asia
             ,
             defeats
             
             Niger's
             Army
             at
             Cyzicum
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             in
             Bithynia
             ,
             and
             takes
             Cappadocia
             by
             Siege
             :
             Then
             forcing
             his
             Way
             through
             the
             Fortifications
             of
             the
             Taurus
             ,
             he
             marches
             through
             Cilicia
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             Bay
             of
             Issicum
             engages
             Niger
             ,
             and
             after
             a
             sharp
             Dispute
             ,
             routs
             him
             ,
             and
             puts
             him
             to
             flight
             :
             He
             escapes
             to
             Antioch
             ,
             and
             is
             there
             kill'd
             .
             Afterwards
             Animosities
             breaking
             out
             between
             Severus
             and
             Albinus
             ,
             
             occasion
             a
             War
             between
             them
             .
             Lions
             is
             the
             Scene
             of
             Action
             ;
             where
             after
             an
             obstinate
             Fight
             ,
             Severus
             vanquishes
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             and
             takes
             the
             Town
             ,
             and
             cutting
             off
             
             Albinus's
             Head
             ,
             sends
             it
             to
             Rome
             .
             Then
             Severus
             makes
             War
             again
             in
             Asia
             ,
             invades
             Armenia
             and
             
               Arabia
               the
               Happy
            
             ,
             and
             entring
             the
             Country
             of
             the
             Atrenians
             ,
             sits
             down
             before
             Atrae
             ,
             and
             besieges
             it
             a
             long
             time
             ,
             without
             effect
             ;
             but
             being
             forc'd
             in
             his
             Return
             upon
             the
             Coasts
             of
             Parthia
             ,
             obtains
             a
             Victory
             which
             he
             little
             thought
             of
             ,
             and
             returns
             to
             Rome
             in
             Triumph
             .
             At
             Rome
             he
             applies
             himself
             to
             Business
             both
             Publick
             and
             Private
             ;
             marries
             his
             Son
             Antoninus
             to
             a
             Daughter
             of
             
             Plautian's
             ,
             who
             enters
             into
             Conspiracy
             against
             him
             ,
             and
             is
             discover'd
             by
             Saturninus
             a
             Tribune
             ,
             and
             put
             to
             Death
             .
             His
             last
             Expedition
             is
             into
             Britain
             ,
             where
             the
             War
             lasting
             longer
             than
             he
             expected
             ,
             he
             dies
             before
             't
             is
             ended
             .
             The
             Empire
             descends
             upon
             Antoninus
             and
             Geta
             ,
             who
             leave
             Britain
             ,
             and
             return
             with
             their
             Father's
             Ashes
             to
             Rome
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Third
             Book
             .
          
           
             THe
             Account
             of
             the
             violent
             Deaths
             of
             Pertinax
             and
             Julian
             ,
             with
             Severus
             his
             March
             to
             Rome
             ,
             and
             his
             Expedition
             against
             Niger
             ,
             is
             finish'd
             in
             the
             former
             Book
             .
             But
             when
             Niger
             heard
             the
             unexpected
             News
             ,
             that
             Severus
             had
             surpriz'd
             Rome
             ,
             and
             was
             declar'd
             Emperor
             by
             the
             Senate
             ,
             and
             that
             he
             was
             advancing
             against
             him
             with
             the
             whole
             Illyrian
             Army
             ,
             and
             with
             other
             mighty
             Forces
             ,
             both
             by
             Sea
             and
             Land
             ,
             he
             was
             in
             a
             terrible
             Consternation
             ,
             and
             immediately
             issu'd
             out
             Orders
             to
             the
             Praefects
             of
             the
             Provinces
             ,
             to
             take
             all
             possible
             Precautions
             for
             the
             blocking
             up
             all
             the
             Ports
             and
             Approaches
             ,
             and
             sent
             to
             the
             Kings
             of
             Parthia
             and
             Armenia
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             King
             of
             the
             Atrenians
             ,
             to
             demand
             Succours
             .
             The
             Armenians
             return'd
             Answer
             ,
             that
             they
             would
             not
             espouse
             any
             Party
             ,
             but
             would
             content
             themselves
             to
             defend
             their
             own
             Territories
             .
             The
             Parthian
             promis'd
             to
             
             give
             out
             Commissions
             to
             his
             Peers
             to
             levy
             Forces
             ,
             which
             is
             their
             Method
             ,
             when
             the
             Necessity
             of
             their
             Affairs
             oblige
             them
             to
             raise
             an
             Army
             ;
             for
             they
             don't
             maintain
             any
             Standing
             Force
             in
             constant
             Pay.
             The
             Atrenians
             sent
             some
             Companies
             of
             Archers
             to
             their
             Assistance
             ,
             by
             order
             of
             their
             King
             Barsemius
             .
             The
             rest
             of
             his
             Army
             was
             compos'd
             of
             the
             Soldiers
             that
             were
             under
             his
             Command
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             Citizens
             of
             Antioch
             ,
             great
             Numbers
             of
             which
             being
             push'd
             on
             by
             their
             natural
             Levity
             ,
             and
             Zeal
             for
             Niger
             ,
             listed
             themselves
             in
             his
             Service
             ,
             rather
             rashly
             ,
             than
             upon
             due
             Consideration
             of
             the
             present
             Juncture
             of
             Affairs
             .
          
           
             Niger
             also
             commanded
             the
             Streights
             of
             the
             Taurus
             to
             be
             block'd
             up
             with
             a
             strong
             Wall
             and
             Fortification
             ,
             supposing
             that
             the
             impassable
             Cragginess
             of
             this
             Mountain
             would
             be
             an
             impregnable
             Screen
             and
             Bulwark
             to
             the
             Eastern
             Countries
             .
             This
             Taurus
             lies
             between
             Cilicia
             and
             Cappadocia
             ,
             and
             divides
             the
             Northern
             from
             the
             Eastern
             Nations
             .
             
             He
             detach'd
             also
             part
             of
             his
             Army
             to
             take
             in
             Byzantium
             ,
             the
             greatest
             and
             most
             flourishing
             City
             of
             Thrace
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             Wealth
             as
             well
             as
             Number
             of
             its
             Inhabitants
             :
             It
             is
             situated
             upon
             the
             narrowest
             Fret
             of
             the
             Propontis
             ,
             and
             has
             considerable
             Revenues
             from
             the
             Sea
             ,
             arising
             out
             of
             Imposts
             ,
             and
             the
             Fishing
             Trade
             :
             Her
             Possessions
             also
             at
             Land
             are
             of
             large
             extent
             ,
             and
             fertile
             Soil
             ;
             so
             ,
             in
             short
             ,
             both
             Elements
             pay
             her
             Tribute
             ,
             and
             conspire
             to
             make
             her
             rich
             .
             This
             City
             Niger
             had
             a
             great
             mind
             to
             be
             Master
             of
             ,
             in
             regard
             it
             was
             the
             strongest
             Town
             in
             those
             Parts
             ,
             and
             he
             suppos'd
             would
             give
             him
             an
             absolute
             Command
             of
             the
             Narrow
             Sea
             through
             which
             all
             Ships
             pass
             out
             of
             Europe
             into
             Asia
             .
             This
             City
             is
             encompass'd
             with
             a
             strong
             Wall
             ,
             built
             of
             square
             Milesian
             Stones
             ,
             so
             closely
             cemented
             ,
             that
             it
             might
             easily
             impose
             upon
             a
             Man
             for
             a
             solid
             intire
             Rock
             :
             And
             if
             at
             this
             Day
             you
             survey
             ●e
             Ruines
             of
             this
             Wall
             ,
             you
             cannot
             ●ut
             admire
             the
             incomparable
             Skill
             of
             〈◊〉
             that
             first
             built
             it
             ,
             and
             the
             puissant
             
             Force
             of
             those
             that
             afterwards
             demolish'd
             it
             .
             These
             were
             the
             Precautions
             which
             Niger
             took
             ,
             very
             wisely
             and
             providently
             ,
             as
             he
             thought
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             Severus
             with
             hasty
             Marches
             advanc'd
             with
             his
             Army
             ,
             without
             halting
             or
             resting
             ;
             and
             hearing
             that
             the
             Enemies
             had
             possess'd
             themselves
             of
             Byzantium
             ,
             and
             knowing
             that
             that
             City
             was
             strongly
             fortified
             ,
             he
             march'd
             to
             Cyzicum
             ;
             of
             which
             Aemilian
             being
             advertis'd
             ,
             whom
             Niger
             had
             intrusted
             with
             the
             highest
             Command
             ,
             and
             in
             truth
             with
             the
             whole
             Conduct
             of
             the
             War
             ,
             he
             march'd
             also
             to
             Cyzicum
             with
             his
             whole
             Army
             ,
             compos'd
             of
             his
             own
             Levies
             ,
             and
             the
             Soldiers
             which
             Niger
             had
             sent
             him
             .
             When
             they
             were
             come
             together
             ,
             after
             divers
             sharp
             Engagements
             ,
             Severus
             obtain'd
             an
             intire
             Victory
             ,
             
             Niger's
             Army
             being
             routed
             and
             put
             to
             Flight
             .
             By
             this
             Success
             the
             Illyrians
             were
             flush'd
             and
             took
             Courage
             ;
             but
             the
             Hopes
             of
             
             Niger's
             Army
             began
             sensibly
             to
             sink
             and
             abate
             .
          
           
             But
             some
             say
             Niger
             was
             betray'd
             by
             Aemilian
             from
             the
             beginning
             ,
             and
             assign
             
             two
             Reasons
             for
             this
             his
             Treachery
             :
             The
             first
             ,
             That
             Niger
             was
             malign'd
             by
             Aemilian
             upon
             his
             Promotion
             to
             the
             Empire
             ,
             in
             regard
             he
             had
             been
             his
             Successor
             in
             the
             Government
             of
             Syria
             ,
             who
             was
             now
             to
             be
             his
             Lord
             and
             Sovereign
             .
             Others
             say
             ,
             he
             was
             mov'd
             to
             it
             by
             the
             Prayers
             of
             his
             Children
             ,
             beseeching
             him
             by
             Letters
             to
             have
             regard
             to
             their
             Safety
             .
             These
             Children
             were
             arrested
             in
             Rome
             ,
             and
             then
             held
             in
             Custody
             by
             Severus
             ,
             which
             was
             a
             very
             useful
             Project
             ,
             and
             a
             piece
             of
             Policy
             that
             had
             been
             practis'd
             by
             Commodus
             ,
             who
             us'd
             always
             to
             retain
             the
             Children
             of
             such
             Men
             as
             were
             sent
             to
             govern
             in
             distant
             Provinces
             ,
             as
             Hostages
             for
             their
             Father's
             Loyalty
             .
             Severus
             knew
             this
             very
             well
             ,
             and
             as
             soon
             as
             he
             was
             proclaim'd
             Emperor
             ,
             while
             Julian
             was
             yet
             alive
             ,
             he
             sent
             certain
             Persons
             to
             steal
             his
             Children
             out
             of
             Rome
             ,
             to
             prevent
             their
             falling
             into
             other
             Hands
             ;
             and
             as
             soon
             as
             he
             enter'd
             Rome
             ,
             seiz'd
             upon
             all
             the
             Children
             of
             such
             Men
             as
             had
             Commands
             or
             were
             in
             Authority
             in
             the
             East
             ,
             or
             in
             Asia
             ,
             and
             at
             that
             time
             
             detain'd
             them
             in
             Custody
             ,
             hoping
             that
             the
             Ties
             of
             Nature
             would
             cancel
             those
             of
             Loyalty
             ,
             and
             that
             their
             Tenderness
             to
             their
             Issue
             would
             make
             them
             Traitors
             to
             their
             Prince
             ;
             or
             ,
             in
             case
             they
             should
             persist
             in
             the
             Interests
             they
             had
             espous'd
             ,
             he
             might
             have
             it
             in
             his
             Power
             to
             punish
             the
             Obstinacy
             of
             the
             Fathers
             ,
             by
             his
             Cruelty
             to
             their
             Children
             .
          
           
             After
             the
             Defeat
             at
             Cyzicum
             ,
             Niger's
             Soldiers
             fled
             in
             great
             haste
             ,
             some
             to
             the
             Mountains
             of
             Armenia
             ,
             others
             through
             Asia
             and
             Galatia
             ,
             to
             the
             Mountain
             Taurus
             ,
             to
             get
             within
             the
             Fortifications
             .
             
             Severus's
             Army
             march'd
             through
             the
             Territory
             of
             Cyzicum
             ,
             into
             Bithynia
             ,
             and
             the
             adjacent
             Countries
             .
          
           
             After
             the
             Report
             of
             
             Severus's
             Victory
             was
             spread
             abroad
             ,
             presently
             in
             these
             Parts
             Feuds
             and
             intestine
             Divisions
             broke
             out
             in
             divers
             Cities
             ;
             not
             so
             much
             out
             of
             Hatred
             or
             Affection
             to
             either
             of
             the
             Parties
             engag'd
             in
             the
             War
             ,
             as
             out
             of
             a
             Spirit
             of
             Envy
             ,
             Animosity
             ,
             and
             Contention
             ,
             then
             very
             powerful
             amongst
             them
             .
             This
             was
             the
             old
             Distemper
             of
             the
             
             Greeks
             ,
             who
             were
             always
             torn
             into
             jarring
             Factions
             ,
             and
             still
             levelling
             at
             that
             Head
             ,
             that
             had
             arriv'd
             to
             any
             uncommon
             Eminency
             amongst
             them
             ;
             and
             by
             this
             Means
             they
             utterly
             unhing'd
             and
             destroy'd
             the
             Graecian
             Government
             .
             And
             being
             thus
             inveterate
             and
             imbitter'd
             one
             against
             the
             other
             ,
             they
             first
             lost
             their
             Liberty
             to
             the
             Macedonians
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             became
             Vassals
             to
             the
             Romans
             .
             This
             Disease
             of
             Strife
             and
             Envy
             hath
             already
             seiz'd
             some
             of
             our
             most
             flourishing
             Cities
             .
             After
             the
             Battel
             of
             Cyzicum
             ,
             the
             Nicomedians
             revolted
             to
             Severus
             ,
             and
             sent
             an
             Embassie
             to
             him
             ,
             to
             let
             him
             know
             ,
             that
             they
             were
             ready
             to
             receive
             his
             Soldiers
             ,
             and
             afford
             him
             what
             Assistance
             they
             could
             .
             The
             Niceans
             ,
             out
             of
             an
             implacable
             .
             Enmity
             to
             the
             Nicomedians
             ,
             adher'd
             stiffly
             to
             the
             contrary
             Side
             ,
             and
             receiv'd
             
             Niger's
             Soldiers
             ,
             as
             well
             such
             as
             fled
             thither
             ,
             as
             those
             that
             were
             sent
             for
             the
             Defence
             of
             Bithynia
             :
             And
             soon
             after
             these
             Soldiers
             ,
             sallying
             out
             of
             both
             these
             Cities
             ,
             as
             if
             they
             had
             issu'd
             out
             of
             Regular
             Camps
             ,
             began
             a
             
             fierce
             Engagement
             ,
             which
             was
             maintain'd
             on
             both
             Sides
             with
             great
             Vigour
             and
             Obstinacy
             ;
             but
             at
             last
             Severus
             had
             manifestly
             the
             better
             ,
             and
             such
             Soldiers
             of
             Niger
             as
             surviv'd
             the
             Battel
             ,
             fled
             with
             great
             precipitation
             to
             the
             Streights
             of
             the
             Taurus
             ,
             contenting
             themselves
             to
             be
             upon
             the
             Defensive
             ,
             and
             to
             guard
             the
             Fortification
             .
             And
             Niger
             leaving
             such
             a
             Garrison
             as
             he
             thought
             sufficient
             for
             the
             defence
             of
             the
             Place
             ,
             went
             to
             Antioch
             ,
             to
             raise
             Recruits
             of
             Men
             and
             Supplies
             of
             Money
             .
          
           
             
             Severus's
             army
             marching
             through
             Bithynia
             and
             Galatia
             ,
             came
             into
             Cappadocia
             ,
             and
             sitting
             down
             before
             the
             Fortification
             ,
             began
             to
             assail
             it
             .
             Here
             he
             struggl'd
             with
             great
             Difficulties
             ,
             the
             Way
             being
             narrow
             and
             rugged
             ;
             and
             besides
             ,
             he
             was
             incommoded
             in
             his
             Ascent
             by
             Stones
             which
             were
             thrown
             down
             upon
             him
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             gallant
             Resistance
             which
             the
             Defendents
             made
             from
             the
             Ramparts
             ;
             for
             upon
             that
             Advantage
             of
             Ground
             ,
             a
             few
             Men
             might
             easily
             repulse
             the
             Attacks
             of
             whole
             Battalions
             ,
             the
             Way
             being
             narrow
             ,
             and
             the
             one
             Side
             defended
             
             by
             a
             high
             Mountain
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             full
             of
             Water
             continually
             rolling
             from
             a
             vast
             Precipice
             .
             Besides
             ,
             Niger
             had
             block'd
             up
             all
             the
             Avenues
             ,
             and
             obstructed
             the
             Approaches
             of
             his
             Army
             on
             all
             Sides
             .
          
           
             This
             was
             the
             Posture
             of
             Affairs
             in
             Cappadocia
             ,
             when
             the
             Cities
             of
             Tyre
             and
             Laodicea
             ,
             (
             the
             first
             in
             Phoenicia
             ,
             the
             latter
             in
             Syria
             )
             fell
             desperately
             at
             variance
             with
             the
             People
             of
             Antioch
             and
             the
             Berythians
             ,
             being
             urg'd
             forward
             by
             an
             inveterate
             Rancour
             and
             Envy
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             the
             two
             former
             ,
             upon
             a
             settled
             Aversion
             to
             the
             latter
             ,
             understanding
             that
             Niger
             was
             fled
             ,
             defac'd
             all
             the
             Marks
             of
             Publick
             Honour
             that
             had
             been
             done
             him
             ,
             and
             declar'd
             for
             
               Severus
               .
               Niger
            
             who
             was
             then
             in
             Antioch
             ,
             being
             advertis'd
             of
             this
             Procedure
             ,
             tho'
             at
             other
             Times
             a
             Man
             of
             incomparable
             Temper
             and
             Mildness
             ,
             was
             highly
             exasperated
             ,
             and
             sent
             immediately
             his
             Moorish
             Darters
             ,
             with
             a
             Band
             of
             Archers
             ,
             to
             the
             two
             Cities
             before-mention'd
             ,
             with
             peremptory
             Orders
             to
             put
             all
             to
             the
             Sword
             ,
             and
             to
             sack
             and
             burn
             the
             Towns.
             
          
           
           
             These
             Moors
             are
             naturally
             cruel
             ,
             and
             inur'd
             by
             frequent
             Use
             to
             despise
             the
             Encounters
             of
             Death
             and
             Danger
             ;
             and
             now
             falling
             upon
             the
             Laodiceans
             before
             they
             apprehended
             any
             such
             Matter
             ,
             made
             an
             entire
             Destruction
             of
             the
             City
             and
             People
             ;
             and
             marching
             from
             thence
             to
             Tyre
             ,
             burnt
             and
             plunder'd
             the
             Town
             ,
             and
             made
             a
             great
             Slaughter
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             .
          
           
             While
             these
             Things
             were
             doing
             in
             Syria
             ,
             and
             Niger
             was
             raising
             an
             Army
             ,
             Severus
             had
             invested
             and
             was
             making
             his
             Attacks
             upon
             the
             Fortification
             ,
             his
             Soldiers
             being
             very
             much
             disheartned
             ,
             and
             despairing
             of
             Success
             ,
             in
             regard
             the
             Fortification
             was
             not
             only
             very
             Strong
             ,
             and
             almost
             impregnable
             of
             it self
             ,
             but
             was
             also
             defended
             by
             a
             high
             Precipice
             .
             The
             Besieged
             ,
             in
             the
             mean
             time
             ,
             thinking
             themselves
             secure
             and
             out
             of
             danger
             :
             When
             suddenly
             in
             the
             Night
             there
             fell
             a
             prodigious
             Quantity
             of
             Rain
             and
             Snow
             ,
             (
             for
             the
             Winters
             in
             Cappadocia
             are
             very
             severe
             ,
             especially
             upon
             the
             Taurus
             )
             the
             Consequence
             whereof
             was
             a
             sudden
             
             Torrent
             of
             Water
             ,
             which
             broke
             out
             with
             great
             Rage
             and
             Fury
             ,
             which
             was
             encreas'd
             by
             the
             Fortifications
             ,
             that
             check'd
             its
             Course
             ,
             and
             made
             it
             still
             more
             violent
             and
             outragious
             ;
             till
             at
             last
             Nature
             grew
             too
             powerful
             for
             Art
             ,
             and
             the
             Cement
             being
             dissolv'd
             ,
             the
             Walls
             were
             unable
             any
             longer
             to
             resist
             the
             Shocks
             of
             the
             raging
             Element
             ,
             which
             easily
             forc'd
             it self
             a
             Passage
             ,
             making
             a
             wide
             Breach
             for
             the
             Enemy
             to
             enter
             at
             ;
             which
             was
             the
             more
             easily
             done
             ,
             because
             the
             Fortification
             was
             Irregular
             ,
             and
             thrown
             together
             without
             Care
             or
             Contrivance
             .
             As
             soon
             as
             the
             Besieg'd
             saw
             this
             ,
             fearing
             lest
             they
             should
             be
             surrounded
             ,
             and
             so
             made
             Prisoners
             by
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             the
             Waters
             were
             fordable
             ,
             they
             all
             abandon'd
             the
             Place
             ,
             and
             shifted
             for
             themselves
             .
             This
             extraordinary
             Piece
             of
             Fortune
             put
             new
             Life
             into
             
             Severus's
             Soldiers
             ,
             and
             buoy'd
             them
             up
             into
             a
             Confidence
             ,
             that
             all
             they
             acted
             was
             under
             the
             immediate
             Direction
             and
             Conduct
             of
             Heaven
             ;
             and
             understanding
             that
             the
             Enemy
             had
             forsaken
             the
             
             Place
             and
             were
             fled
             ,
             they
             easily
             pass'd
             the
             Taurus
             ,
             there
             being
             none
             to
             oppose
             them
             ,
             and
             made
             an
             Impression
             into
             Cilicia
             .
          
           
             Niger
             ,
             upon
             Advice
             of
             what
             had
             hapned
             ,
             levy'd
             a
             mighty
             Army
             ,
             but
             without
             Experience
             ,
             and
             undisciplin'd
             ,
             and
             with
             hasty
             Marches
             advanc'd
             at
             the
             Head
             of
             this
             Multitude
             ,
             which
             was
             very
             numerous
             ,
             by
             reason
             the
             Youth
             of
             Antioch
             had
             almost
             universally
             listed
             themselves
             in
             his
             Service
             ,
             and
             were
             ready
             to
             hazard
             all
             Things
             for
             him
             ,
             and
             even
             equall'd
             the
             Illyrians
             in
             Forwardness
             and
             Disposition
             of
             Mind
             ,
             but
             were
             by
             no
             Means
             comparable
             to
             them
             in
             Personal
             Bravery
             and
             Military
             Skill
             .
             Both
             the
             Armies
             met
             in
             a
             Place
             call'd
             
               The
               Bay
               of
               Issicum
            
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             spacious
             Plain
             ,
             bounded
             on
             all
             Sides
             with
             a
             Chain
             of
             Hills
             ,
             in
             the
             Form
             of
             a
             Theater
             .
             The
             Shore
             along
             the
             Sea
             is
             stretch'd
             a
             great
             way
             up
             into
             the
             Continent
             ,
             as
             if
             Nature
             in
             the
             first
             Contrivance
             had
             design'd
             it
             for
             a
             Scene
             of
             Action
             .
             Here
             ,
             they
             say
             ,
             the
             great
             decisive
             Battel
             was
             fought
             between
             
             Alexander
             and
             Darius
             ,
             wherein
             the
             latter
             was
             defeated
             and
             made
             Prisoner
             ,
             and
             the
             Men
             of
             the
             East
             routed
             by
             those
             of
             the
             North.
             Here
             remains
             yet
             the
             City
             of
             Alexandria
             ,
             situate
             upon
             the
             Eminence
             ,
             and
             
             Alexander's
             Statue
             of
             Brass
             ,
             as
             Monuments
             of
             this
             memorable
             Victory
             .
             And
             as
             the
             Place
             of
             the
             Battel
             was
             the
             same
             ,
             so
             was
             the
             Event
             also
             .
             In
             the
             Evening
             the
             Armies
             were
             embattell'd
             one
             against
             the
             other
             ,
             and
             spent
             that
             whole
             Night
             amidst
             the
             Agonies
             and
             Disquiets
             of
             a
             sollicitous
             Fear
             .
             In
             the
             Morning
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             the
             Sun
             rose
             ,
             each
             General
             exhorted
             and
             animated
             his
             Soldiers
             ,
             representing
             to
             them
             ,
             That
             this
             was
             to
             be
             the
             decisive
             Battel
             ,
             that
             upon
             the
             Issue
             hereof
             all
             their
             Hopes
             depended
             ,
             that
             the
             Fortune
             of
             this
             Day
             would
             determine
             the
             Fate
             of
             the
             Empire
             .
             But
             in
             short
             ,
             after
             they
             had
             fought
             a
             long
             time
             with
             great
             Courage
             and
             Resolution
             on
             both
             Sides
             ,
             and
             great
             Numbers
             were
             slain
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             the
             Rivers
             were
             not
             slightly
             tinctur'd
             ,
             but
             seem'd
             to
             carry
             a
             greater
             quantity
             of
             
             Blood
             than
             Water
             ,
             
             Niger's
             Soldiers
             turn'd
             their
             Backs
             ,
             and
             fled
             in
             disorder
             .
             The
             Illyrians
             pursuing
             ,
             drove
             some
             of
             them
             into
             the
             Sea
             ,
             others
             they
             chas'd
             to
             the
             Tops
             of
             the
             Hills
             ,
             where
             they
             kill'd
             them
             ,
             together
             with
             great
             Numbers
             of
             Peasants
             that
             were
             drawn
             together
             out
             of
             the
             adjacent
             Cities
             and
             Villages
             ,
             and
             had
             posted
             themselves
             there
             ,
             as
             in
             a
             secure
             Place
             ,
             from
             whence
             they
             might
             survey
             the
             Armies
             ,
             and
             be
             Spectators
             of
             the
             Engagement
             .
          
           
             Niger
             being
             mounted
             upon
             a
             swift
             Horse
             ,
             fled
             with
             a
             small
             Party
             to
             Antioch
             ,
             where
             he
             found
             a
             very
             melancholy
             Face
             of
             Affairs
             :
             That
             Remnant
             of
             the
             People
             which
             was
             left
             ,
             were
             about
             to
             abandon
             the
             Place
             ;
             nothing
             was
             to
             be
             heard
             but
             an
             universal
             Grief
             ,
             Parents
             lamenting
             their
             Children
             ,
             and
             Sisters
             their
             Brothers
             .
             Besides
             ,
             Niger
             himself
             was
             in
             the
             utmost
             Despair
             and
             Confusion
             ;
             in
             which
             Condition
             he
             fled
             from
             Antioch
             ,
             and
             conceal'd
             himself
             in
             a
             Country-house
             not
             far
             from
             the
             City
             ,
             where
             he
             was
             found
             by
             certain
             Horsemen
             that
             pursu'd
             him
             ,
             and
             beheaded
             .
          
           
           
             This
             was
             the
             Fate
             of
             Niger
             ,
             which
             he
             drew
             upon
             himself
             by
             his
             Slowness
             and
             Inactivity
             ,
             tho'
             otherwise
             his
             Deportment
             ,
             both
             in
             his
             Publick
             and
             Private
             Capacities
             ,
             was
             always
             spoken
             of
             with
             Honour
             .
          
           
             Severus
             having
             thus
             dispatch'd
             Niger
             ,
             cut
             off
             all
             his
             Friends
             and
             Adherents
             without
             Mercy
             or
             Distinction
             ,
             not
             regarding
             whether
             they
             were
             such
             by
             Choice
             or
             Necessity
             .
             But
             those
             Soldiers
             that
             (
             he
             heard
             )
             had
             pass'd
             the
             Tygris
             ,
             and
             were
             going
             over
             to
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             he
             endeavour'd
             to
             bring
             back
             by
             Promises
             of
             Pardon
             and
             Indemnity
             .
             However
             ,
             great
             Numbers
             went
             over
             to
             them
             ,
             which
             was
             the
             true
             Reason
             why
             they
             became
             more
             able
             from
             henceforward
             to
             combate
             with
             the
             Romans
             in
             a
             Set
             Battel
             ;
             for
             formerly
             they
             never
             wore
             compleat
             Armor
             ,
             seldom
             us'd
             Sword
             or
             Spear
             in
             the
             Fight
             ,
             were
             lightly
             and
             loosly
             habited
             ,
             and
             fought
             with
             Bows
             and
             Arrows
             on
             Horseback
             ,
             and
             most
             commonly
             in
             their
             Flight
             ,
             shooting
             back
             upon
             the
             Enemy
             that
             pursu'd
             them
             :
             
             But
             now
             they
             were
             instructed
             by
             these
             Roman
             Refugees
             ,
             amongst
             which
             were
             a
             great
             many
             Artizans
             ,
             who
             chose
             to
             spend
             the
             Remainder
             of
             their
             Days
             amongst
             them
             ,
             not
             only
             to
             use
             Arms
             ,
             but
             also
             to
             make
             them
             .
          
           
             Severus
             having
             settled
             his
             Affairs
             in
             the
             East
             as
             he
             thought
             most
             advisable
             in
             the
             present
             Conjuncture
             ,
             intended
             to
             have
             made
             a
             Descent
             upon
             Parthia
             ,
             and
             the
             Territories
             of
             the
             Atrenians
             ,
             both
             which
             he
             charg'd
             with
             the
             Supporting
             Niger
             against
             him
             :
             However
             he
             relinquish'd
             this
             Design
             for
             the
             present
             ,
             and
             began
             in
             the
             first
             place
             to
             consider
             of
             Ways
             and
             Means
             to
             settle
             and
             entail
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             upon
             himself
             and
             his
             Family
             .
             Niger
             being
             remov'd
             ,
             he
             thought
             Albinus
             was
             useless
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             embarrass'd
             him
             in
             the
             Prosecution
             of
             his
             Designs
             ;
             and
             he
             had
             heard
             that
             the
             Name
             of
             Caesar
             had
             inspir'd
             him
             with
             proud
             and
             haughty
             Images
             ,
             and
             that
             a
             great
             many
             of
             the
             most
             eminent
             Men
             in
             the
             Senate
             had
             secretly
             by
             Letter
             sollicited
             him
             to
             come
             to
             Rome
             ,
             when
             Severus
             was
             
             absent
             and
             employ'd
             abroad
             .
             And
             ,
             in
             truth
             ,
             the
             whole
             Nobility
             favour'd
             him
             more
             than
             they
             did
             Severus
             ,
             because
             he
             was
             sprung
             from
             Illustrious
             Ancestors
             ,
             and
             had
             gain'd
             the
             Reputation
             of
             Gentleness
             and
             Temper
             .
             Severus
             had
             Intelligence
             of
             these
             things
             ,
             but
             would
             not
             fall
             openly
             at
             variance
             with
             him
             ,
             nor
             proclaim
             a
             War
             against
             him
             ,
             being
             destitute
             of
             a
             Pretext
             to
             justifie
             such
             a
             Proceeding
             ;
             but
             resolv'd
             to
             attempt
             his
             Life
             by
             the
             secret
             Ways
             of
             Fraud
             and
             Stratagem
             ;
             and
             sent
             immediately
             certain
             Imperial
             Couriers
             ,
             in
             whom
             he
             could
             repose
             the
             last
             Confidence
             ,
             with
             secret
             Orders
             as
             soon
             as
             they
             should
             be
             brought
             into
             his
             Presence
             ,
             to
             deliver
             the
             Letters
             to
             him
             in
             Publick
             ,
             and
             withal
             to
             entreat
             him
             to
             withdraw
             with
             them
             ,
             for
             that
             they
             had
             something
             to
             impart
             to
             him
             in
             private
             ;
             and
             as
             soon
             as
             they
             had
             drawn
             him
             from
             his
             Guards
             ,
             they
             should
             fall
             upon
             him
             suddenly
             ,
             and
             dispatch
             him
             .
             He
             gave
             them
             also
             certain
             poysonous
             Drugs
             ,
             and
             commanded
             them
             to
             try
             if
             his
             Cooks
             or
             Butlers
             could
             be
             engag'd
             in
             an
             Attempt
             
             to
             poison
             him
             .
             Albinus
             his
             Friends
             had
             already
             entertain'd
             a
             Jealousie
             of
             Severus
             ,
             and
             advis'd
             him
             to
             beware
             of
             his
             Frauds
             and
             Stratagems
             .
             His
             unjustifiable
             Deportment
             towards
             
             Niger's
             Captains
             ,
             had
             cast
             a
             Blemish
             upon
             his
             Reputation
             ;
             for
             having
             perswaded
             them
             ,
             by
             means
             of
             their
             Children
             ,
             as
             is
             before
             related
             ,
             to
             betray
             their
             Master's
             Counsels
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             abus'd
             their
             Service
             ,
             and
             compass'd
             his
             Ends
             ,
             he
             put
             them
             all
             to
             Death
             ,
             both
             Fathers
             and
             Children
             ;
             the
             various
             Folds
             and
             Windings
             of
             his
             Temper
             displaying
             themselves
             still
             in
             his
             Actions
             .
          
           
             These
             Advices
             made
             Albinus
             encrease
             the
             Number
             of
             his
             Guards
             ;
             and
             from
             this
             Time
             he
             would
             not
             suffer
             any
             Man
             that
             was
             sent
             to
             him
             from
             Severus
             ,
             to
             approach
             his
             Person
             ,
             unless
             he
             first
             put
             off
             his
             Sword
             ,
             and
             was
             search'd
             ,
             for
             fear
             he
             should
             conceal
             some
             secret
             Weapon
             under
             his
             Clothes
             .
          
           
             As
             soon
             as
             the
             Couriers
             arriv'd
             at
             
             Albinus's
             Court
             ,
             they
             deliver'd
             their
             Letters
             to
             him
             in
             Publick
             ,
             and
             ,
             in
             pursuance
             
             of
             their
             Orders
             ,
             desir'd
             him
             to
             retire
             from
             the
             Company
             ,
             because
             they
             had
             something
             to
             communicate
             to
             him
             in
             private
             .
             He
             presently
             suspected
             their
             Intention
             ,
             and
             commanded
             them
             all
             to
             be
             apprehended
             ,
             and
             upon
             Examination
             of
             the
             Matter
             ,
             discover'd
             the
             whole
             Scheme
             and
             Course
             of
             the
             Design
             .
             The
             Couriers
             receiv'd
             condign
             Punishment
             .
             And
             now
             he
             prepar'd
             against
             Severus
             ,
             as
             against
             a
             declar'd
             Enemy
             .
             Severus
             upon
             Advice
             of
             this
             Discovery
             ,
             being
             naturally
             hot
             and
             violent
             ,
             and
             apt
             to
             be
             transported
             with
             Anger
             ,
             could
             not
             disguise
             his
             Thirst
             of
             Revenge
             ;
             but
             calling
             his
             Army
             together
             ,
             spoke
             to
             them
             to
             this
             purpose
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     SEVERUS
                     his
                     SPEECH
                     against
                     ALBINUS
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Gentlemen
                       ,
                    
                  
                   
                     LET
                     no
                     Man
                     ,
                     when
                     he
                     reflects
                     upon
                     my
                     former
                     Actions
                     ,
                     accuse
                     me
                     of
                     Levity
                     ,
                     or
                     of
                     Ingratitude
                     and
                     Treachery
                     ,
                     to
                     one
                     whom
                     I
                     have
                     treated
                     as
                     a
                     Friend
                     .
                     I
                     
                     have
                     punctually
                     discharg'd
                     all
                     the
                     Duties
                     of
                     Friendship
                     on
                     my
                     part
                     ,
                     even
                     to
                     the
                     inviting
                     him
                     to
                     a
                     Partnership
                     of
                     my
                     Empire
                     ,
                     after
                     I
                     had
                     establish'd
                     it
                     ;
                     which
                     few
                     Men
                     are
                     willing
                     to
                     share
                     even
                     with
                     their
                     own
                     Brothers
                     .
                     That
                     Power
                     which
                     you
                     lodg'd
                     solely
                     in
                     me
                     ,
                     I
                     was
                     content
                     to
                     hold
                     in
                     common
                     with
                     him
                     .
                     And
                     after
                     all
                     these
                     signal
                     Obligations
                     laid
                     upon
                     him
                     ,
                     consider
                     ,
                     Gentlemen
                     ,
                     what
                     ungrateful
                     Returns
                     he
                     makes
                     .
                     He
                     levies
                     an
                     Armed
                     Force
                     against
                     us
                     ,
                     contemns
                     the
                     Fame
                     of
                     your
                     Bravery
                     ,
                     neglects
                     the
                     Ties
                     of
                     Faith
                     and
                     Justice
                     with
                     respect
                     to
                     me
                     ,
                     and
                     being
                     push'd
                     forward
                     by
                     wild
                     Ambition
                     ,
                     chooses
                     rather
                     to
                     engross
                     the
                     whole
                     Power
                     with
                     Toil
                     and
                     Hazard
                     ,
                     than
                     to
                     enjoy
                     his
                     Share
                     in
                     Safety
                     and
                     Quiet
                     ;
                     neither
                     reverencing
                     the
                     Gods
                     ,
                     by
                     whom
                     he
                     has
                     so
                     oft
                     and
                     solemnly
                     sworn
                     ;
                     nor
                     sparing
                     you
                     ,
                     after
                     you
                     have
                     fought
                     and
                     fatigu'd
                     your selves
                     with
                     so
                     much
                     Courage
                     and
                     Reputation
                     for
                     our
                     joint
                     Interest
                     :
                     For
                     he
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     I
                     ,
                     has
                     a
                     Share
                     in
                     the
                     Honour
                     and
                     Benefit
                     accruing
                     from
                     your
                     Victories
                     ,
                     which
                     had
                     been
                     greater
                     ,
                     had
                     he
                     not
                     thus
                     openly
                     departed
                     from
                     the
                     Principles
                     of
                     Faith
                     and
                     Honour
                     .
                     Now
                     ,
                     Gentlemen
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     is
                     
                     unjust
                     to
                     offer
                     the
                     first
                     Injury
                     ,
                     so
                     it
                     is
                     beneath
                     a
                     Man
                     of
                     Honour
                     to
                     sit
                     tamely
                     under
                     an
                     Injury
                     receiv'd
                     ,
                     without
                     requiring
                     Satisfaction
                     .
                     The
                     Reasons
                     of
                     our
                     War
                     upon
                     Niger
                     ,
                     were
                     not
                     so
                     specious
                     as
                     they
                     were
                     necessary
                     in
                     that
                     critical
                     Juncture
                     :
                     He
                     did
                     not
                     invade
                     a
                     Power
                     whereof
                     we
                     were
                     actually
                     possess'd
                     ;
                     but
                     the
                     Empire
                     lying
                     between
                     us
                     ,
                     and
                     our
                     Pretensions
                     to
                     it
                     being
                     the
                     same
                     ,
                     we
                     both
                     strove
                     to
                     gain
                     it
                     to
                     our selves
                     with
                     an
                     equally
                     warrantable
                     Ambition
                     .
                     But
                     Albinus
                     has
                     broke
                     through
                     Oaths
                     and
                     A●liances
                     ;
                     and
                     tho'
                     he
                     has
                     obtain'd
                     by
                     my
                     free
                     Gift
                     ,
                     what
                     other
                     Persons
                     only
                     bestow
                     on
                     the
                     Issue
                     of
                     their
                     own
                     Bodies
                     ,
                     yet
                     ,
                     after
                     all
                     ,
                     he
                     chooses
                     Hostility
                     before
                     Friendship
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Name
                     of
                     an
                     Enemy
                     before
                     that
                     of
                     an
                     Acquaintance
                     .
                     How
                     ought
                     I
                     then
                     to
                     resent
                     this
                     Behaviour
                     ?
                     As
                     I
                     have
                     heretofore
                     studied
                     to
                     serve
                     and
                     honour
                     him
                     ,
                     so
                     now
                     Ill
                     chastise
                     his
                     Perfidy
                     and
                     Cowardice
                     with
                     the
                     Sword.
                     His
                     few
                     undisciplin'd
                     Men
                     will
                     not
                     pretend
                     to
                     oppose
                     the
                     Force
                     of
                     your
                     Arms
                     :
                     For
                     ,
                     can
                     any
                     Man
                     imagine
                     that
                     an
                     Army
                     that
                     has
                     reduc'd
                     all
                     the
                     Kingdoms
                     of
                     the
                     East
                     ,
                     flush'd
                     by
                     a
                     Course
                     of
                     so
                     many
                     Victories
                     ,
                     and
                     reinforc'd
                     
                     by
                     almost
                     the
                     whole
                     Power
                     of
                     the
                     Roman
                     Empire
                     ,
                     will
                     not
                     easily
                     vanquish
                     a
                     Band
                     of
                     Men
                     commanded
                     by
                     a
                     dissolute
                     and
                     a
                     cowardly
                     General
                     ?
                     For
                     who
                     is
                     a
                     Stranger
                     to
                     the
                     Fame
                     of
                     
                     Albinus's
                     Luxury
                     ,
                     and
                     his
                     Way
                     of
                     Living
                     ,
                     more
                     resembling
                     the
                     Brutishness
                     of
                     a
                     Hog
                     ,
                     than
                     the
                     Life
                     of
                     a
                     Soldier
                     ?
                     In
                     conclusion
                     ,
                     let
                     us
                     advance
                     against
                     him
                     with
                     our
                     wonted
                     Alacrity
                     and
                     Courage
                     ,
                     relying
                     upon
                     the
                     Gods
                     ,
                     whom
                     he
                     has
                     offended
                     by
                     his
                     Perjuries
                     ,
                     and
                     remembring
                     the
                     Trophies
                     which
                     we
                     have
                     so
                     often
                     rais'd
                     ,
                     and
                     he
                     thinks
                     fit
                     to
                     despise
                     .
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             After
             he
             had
             spoke
             ,
             his
             Soldiers
             unanimously
             declar'd
             Albinus
             an
             Enemy
             ;
             and
             applauding
             Severus
             ,
             express'd
             the
             Zeal
             of
             their
             Minds
             in
             the
             Alacrity
             of
             their
             Acclamations
             .
             This
             infus'd
             new
             Courage
             into
             Severus
             ,
             and
             afforded
             him
             good
             Ground
             of
             Confidence
             .
             He
             dealt
             a
             magnificent
             Donative
             amongst
             his
             Soldiers
             ,
             and
             then
             took
             his
             March
             against
             Albinus
             ,
             having
             before
             detach'd
             a
             Party
             to
             reduce
             Byzantium
             .
             This
             Place
             was
             held
             by
             
             Niger's
             Soldiers
             that
             fled
             
             thither
             ,
             and
             was
             afterwards
             taken
             by
             Famine
             ,
             and
             totally
             demolish'd
             ,
             with
             all
             its
             Theaters
             ,
             Baths
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             Beauties
             and
             Ornaments
             of
             the
             City
             .
             It
             was
             reduc'd
             into
             the
             Form
             of
             a
             Village
             ,
             and
             given
             to
             the
             Perinthians
             ,
             as
             Antioch
             was
             to
             the
             Laodiceans
             .
             He
             also
             sent
             Money
             to
             rebuild
             the
             Cities
             which
             
             Niger's
             Soldiers
             had
             destroy'd
             ,
             while
             he
             march'd
             on
             with
             his
             Army
             without
             Intermission
             ,
             equally
             regardless
             of
             the
             Celebration
             of
             Festivals
             ,
             and
             the
             Toils
             of
             the
             March
             ;
             of
             the
             most
             parching
             Heats
             ,
             and
             the
             most
             rigorous
             Cold.
             He
             would
             often
             march
             bare
             over
             the
             highest
             Mountains
             ,
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             Snow
             ,
             in
             the
             coldest
             Season
             of
             the
             Year
             ,
             to
             excite
             his
             Soldiers
             to
             Alacrity
             and
             Patience
             by
             his
             own
             Personal
             Deportment
             ,
             that
             they
             might
             be
             mov'd
             to
             surmount
             all
             Difficulties
             ,
             not
             so
             much
             by
             fear
             of
             Authority
             ,
             as
             by
             an
             Ambition
             to
             imitate
             the
             Behaviour
             of
             their
             General
             .
             He
             sent
             out
             also
             a
             strong
             Body
             to
             possess
             the
             Streights
             of
             the
             Alps
             ,
             and
             secure
             that
             important
             Inlet
             into
             Italy
             .
          
           
           
             Albinus
             ,
             who
             had
             resign'd
             himself
             over
             to
             Pleasure
             and
             Repose
             ,
             was
             exceedingly
             alarm'd
             when
             he
             heard
             that
             Severus
             was
             ready
             to
             invade
             him
             ;
             and
             immediately
             leaving
             Britain
             ,
             embarqu'd
             his
             Army
             for
             Gaul
             ,
             where
             he
             encamp'd
             ,
             and
             issu'd
             out
             Orders
             to
             the
             Praefects
             of
             the
             neighbouring
             Provinces
             to
             send
             in
             Contributions
             of
             Money
             ,
             and
             other
             Provisions
             for
             his
             Army
             .
             Some
             obey'd
             the
             Orders
             ,
             and
             their
             Compliance
             prov'd
             fatal
             to
             them
             afterwards
             .
             Others
             refus'd
             ,
             rather
             by
             good
             Fortune
             ,
             than
             upon
             any
             Politick
             Reasons
             ,
             and
             hereby
             escap'd
             the
             Storm
             that
             ensu'd
             ;
             the
             Issue
             of
             the
             War
             discovering
             whose
             Conduct
             was
             the
             more
             advisable
             in
             this
             Affair
             .
          
           
             After
             Severus
             had
             enter'd
             Gaul
             with
             his
             Army
             ,
             several
             slight
             Skirmishes
             pass'd
             between
             them
             ;
             but
             the
             decisive
             Action
             was
             near
             Lions
             ,
             a
             great
             and
             flourishing
             City
             ,
             where
             Albinus
             had
             shut
             up
             himself
             ,
             and
             sent
             out
             his
             Army
             to
             give
             Severus
             Battel
             .
             The
             Engagement
             lasted
             a
             long
             time
             ,
             both
             Armies
             disputing
             the
             Point
             with
             great
             Obstinacy
             ,
             without
             any
             
             apparent
             Advantage
             to
             either
             .
             The
             British
             Soldiers
             were
             no
             way
             inferior
             to
             the
             Illyrians
             in
             Force
             or
             Courage
             ,
             or
             Thirst
             of
             Blood
             ;
             so
             both
             being
             gallant
             Armies
             ,
             it
             was
             no
             easie
             Matter
             to
             put
             either
             of
             them
             to
             the
             Rout.
             Tho'
             the
             Historians
             of
             that
             Age
             ,
             that
             made
             a
             true
             Report
             of
             the
             Matter
             of
             Fact
             ,
             without
             Favour
             or
             Partiality
             ,
             do
             affirm
             ,
             that
             Albinus
             had
             much
             the
             better
             of
             that
             Part
             of
             
             Severus's
             Army
             where
             he
             commanded
             in
             Person
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             he
             fairly
             fled
             ,
             and
             falling
             from
             his
             Horse
             ,
             was
             forc'd
             to
             throw
             off
             his
             Imperial
             Cloke
             ,
             and
             owe
             his
             Safety
             to
             a
             Disguise
             .
          
           
             While
             the
             Britains
             were
             pursuing
             and
             triumphing
             over
             their
             Enemies
             ,
             as
             if
             they
             had
             gain'd
             a
             compleat
             Victory
             ,
             Laetus
             ,
             Severus's
             General
             ,
             appear'd
             with
             a
             fresh
             Army
             ;
             for
             't
             was
             thought
             that
             he
             affected
             the
             Empire
             ,
             and
             for
             that
             Reason
             commanded
             his
             Soldiers
             to
             march
             slowly
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             preserve
             them
             in
             their
             full
             Strength
             and
             Vigour
             ,
             till
             he
             saw
             what
             would
             be
             the
             Issue
             of
             
             the
             Battel
             ,
             not
             so
             much
             as
             offering
             to
             come
             up
             till
             he
             heard
             that
             Severus
             was
             slain
             :
             And
             it
             appear'd
             afterwards
             ,
             that
             this
             was
             no
             ill-founded
             Suspicion
             ,
             inasmuch
             as
             Severus
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             put
             all
             Things
             in
             good
             Order
             ▪
             and
             establish'd
             the
             Peace
             and
             Quiet
             of
             his
             Empire
             ,
             very
             nobly
             rewarded
             all
             his
             other
             Captains
             ,
             but
             put
             Laetus
             to
             death
             ;
             having
             respect
             ,
             as
             was
             thought
             ,
             to
             the
             Treason
             intended
             this
             Day
             .
          
           
             But
             these
             Things
             hapned
             long
             after
             .
             Laetus
             at
             this
             time
             appearing
             with
             so
             considerable
             a
             Reinforcement
             ,
             retriev'd
             the
             declining
             Vigour
             of
             
             Severus's
             Men.
             Severus
             re-mounted
             ,
             and
             put
             on
             again
             his
             Imperial
             Cloke
             .
             
             Albinus's
             Soldiers
             suppos'd
             they
             had
             intirely
             defeated
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             being
             in
             great
             disorder
             ,
             were
             unable
             to
             sustain
             the
             Attacks
             of
             these
             fresh
             Forces
             ,
             which
             fell
             upon
             them
             with
             incredible
             Fury
             ,
             and
             after
             a
             short
             Resistance
             put
             them
             to
             a
             precipitate
             Flight
             .
             
             Severus's
             Army
             pursu'd
             them
             ,
             making
             a
             great
             Slaughter
             of
             them
             ,
             even
             to
             the
             Gates
             of
             the
             City
             .
             The
             Number
             
             of
             those
             that
             were
             kill'd
             and
             taken
             on
             both
             Sides
             in
             this
             Engagement
             ,
             is
             variously
             related
             by
             the
             Historians
             of
             those
             Times
             .
          
           
             After
             the
             Victory
             ,
             
             Severus's
             Soldiers
             burnt
             and
             plunder'd
             Lions
             ,
             and
             having
             taken
             Albinus
             ,
             cut
             off
             his
             Head
             ,
             and
             presented
             it
             to
             Severus
             .
          
           
             thus
             he
             erected
             two
             mighty
             Trophies
             ,
             the
             one
             in
             the
             East
             ,
             the
             other
             in
             the
             North
             ;
             and
             I
             doubt
             whether
             any
             Thing
             we
             meet
             with
             in
             Story
             will
             bear
             a
             Comparison
             with
             his
             Victories
             and
             Battels
             ,
             whether
             you
             consider
             the
             Puissance
             of
             his
             Armies
             ,
             the
             Commotions
             of
             Nations
             ,
             the
             Number
             of
             his
             Engagements
             ,
             or
             the
             Length
             and
             Swiftness
             of
             his
             Marches
             .
             The
             Battels
             between
             Caesar
             and
             Pompey
             ,
             between
             Augustus
             and
             Antony
             ,
             or
             
             Pompey's
             Sons
             ,
             were
             great
             and
             memorable
             Actions
             ;
             as
             also
             were
             the
             Atchievements
             of
             Sylla
             and
             Marius
             in
             Civil
             and
             Foreign
             Wars
             :
             But
             for
             one
             Man
             to
             cut
             a
             Passage
             to
             the
             Empire
             through
             three
             Emperors
             actually
             invested
             in
             the
             Sovereign
             Dignity
             ,
             to
             
             overcome
             the
             Praetorian
             Soldiers
             by
             reach
             of
             Policy
             ,
             to
             murther
             an
             Emperor
             in
             his
             own
             Palace
             ,
             to
             vanquish
             another
             in
             the
             East
             ,
             where
             he
             had
             sat
             at
             the
             Helm
             divers
             Years
             after
             he
             was
             proclaim'd
             in
             Rome
             ;
             to
             make
             a
             third
             his
             Prisoner
             ,
             that
             was
             in
             actual
             Possession
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             is
             still
             more
             wonderful
             and
             extraordinary
             ;
             and
             you
             'll
             scarce
             find
             any
             Thing
             upon
             Record
             that
             is
             able
             to
             parallel
             the
             Greatness
             of
             the
             Adventure
             ,
             or
             the
             Course
             of
             prosperous
             Fortunes
             by
             which
             it
             was
             atchiev'd
             .
          
           
             Thus
             fell
             Albinus
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             enjoy'd
             his
             fatal
             Dignity
             for
             a
             short
             time
             ;
             and
             Severus
             soon
             pour'd
             out
             the
             Fury
             of
             his
             Revenge
             upon
             his
             Adherents
             in
             Rome
             ,
             and
             sent
             the
             Head
             of
             Albinus
             to
             be
             nail'd
             publickly
             upon
             a
             Gibbet
             .
             He
             sent
             also
             Letters
             giving
             an
             Account
             of
             his
             Victory
             ,
             and
             adding
             by
             way
             of
             Postscript
             ,
             
               That
               he
               sent
               that
               Head
               to
               be
               fix'd
               upon
               a
               Gibbet
               ,
               and
               expos'd
               to
               publick
               View
               ,
               that
               it
               might
               be
               a
               Token
               of
               his
               displeasure
               ,
               and
               signifie
               how
               highly
               he
               was
               enrag'd
               against
               them
               .
            
             And
             having
             put
             all
             Things
             in
             
             order
             in
             Britain
             ,
             he
             constituted
             two
             Governours
             to
             take
             care
             of
             that
             Island
             ,
             and
             leaving
             the
             Affairs
             of
             Gaul
             in
             such
             a
             Posture
             as
             he
             thought
             most
             convenient
             ,
             he
             put
             to
             death
             all
             those
             that
             had
             espous'd
             
             Albinus's
             Interest
             ,
             not
             regarding
             whether
             they
             had
             done
             it
             by
             Choice
             ,
             or
             were
             determin'd
             to
             it
             by
             Necessity
             ;
             and
             confiscating
             their
             Estates
             ,
             he
             took
             his
             March
             for
             Rome
             ,
             drawing
             with
             him
             his
             whole
             Army
             ,
             that
             his
             Appearance
             might
             be
             the
             more
             terrible
             .
          
           
             He
             perform'd
             his
             March
             with
             his
             usual
             Speed
             ,
             and
             made
             his
             Entry
             into
             Rome
             ,
             his
             Breast
             still
             glowing
             with
             a
             malignant
             Heat
             against
             the
             Remainder
             of
             
             Albinus's
             Faction
             .
             The
             People
             bearing
             Branches
             of
             Laurel
             ,
             receiv'd
             him
             with
             Acclamations
             of
             Joy
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             Marks
             of
             Honour
             and
             Respect
             .
             The
             Senate
             too
             complemented
             him
             on
             this
             Occasion
             ,
             tho'
             most
             of
             her
             Members
             expected
             nothing
             at
             his
             Hands
             but
             Death
             and
             Destruction
             .
             They
             knew
             the
             implacable
             Cruelty
             of
             his
             Nature
             ,
             and
             upon
             what
             slight
             Occasions
             he
             
             would
             proceed
             to
             the
             most
             injurious
             Rigours
             ,
             tho'
             now
             he
             had
             plausible
             Reasons
             to
             justifie
             his
             Indignation
             .
             Severus
             after
             he
             had
             paid
             a
             Visit
             to
             
             Jupiter's
             Temples
             ,
             and
             perform'd
             the
             Sacrifices
             customary
             on
             the
             Occasion
             ,
             retir'd
             to
             his
             Palace
             ,
             threw
             a
             Largess
             amongst
             his
             Soldiers
             ,
             and
             gave
             a
             Dole
             to
             the
             People
             on
             the
             Account
             of
             his
             Victory
             .
             To
             the
             first
             of
             these
             he
             granted
             divers
             Privileges
             ,
             out
             of
             his
             meer
             Grace
             and
             Bounty
             ,
             being
             such
             as
             they
             had
             never
             before
             enjoy'd
             ;
             he
             encreas'd
             their
             Allowances
             of
             Corn
             ,
             authoriz'd
             them
             to
             wear
             Rings
             of
             Gold
             ,
             and
             permitted
             Women
             to
             live
             with
             them
             .
             These
             Things
             were
             heretofore
             judg'd
             inconsistent
             with
             the
             Rules
             of
             Military
             Discipline
             ,
             and
             that
             unincumber'd
             Freedom
             and
             Readiness
             for
             Action
             which
             is
             requir'd
             in
             a
             Soldier
             .
             He
             was
             the
             first
             that
             alter'd
             their
             course
             and
             wholesom
             Diet
             ,
             the
             Consequence
             whereof
             was
             a
             sensible
             Decay
             of
             Force
             and
             Vigour
             ,
             and
             utterly
             destroying
             the
             ancient
             Discipline
             and
             Authority
             of
             Generals
             .
             He
             
             engag'd
             them
             in
             dissolute
             Courses
             ,
             and
             taught
             them
             to
             love
             Money
             .
          
           
             After
             he
             had
             made
             these
             Alterations
             ,
             he
             came
             into
             the
             Senate
             ,
             and
             ascending
             the
             Imperial
             Throne
             ,
             broke
             out
             into
             a
             vehement
             Impeachment
             of
             
             Albinus's
             Friends
             ,
             some
             of
             whose
             secret
             Letters
             he
             produc'd
             and
             laid
             before
             them
             ,
             which
             were
             those
             he
             found
             in
             
             Albinus's
             Cabinet
             ;
             others
             he
             upbraided
             with
             the
             curious
             Presents
             which
             they
             had
             made
             him
             ;
             others
             again
             he
             tax'd
             with
             the
             having
             favour'd
             the
             Eastern
             Faction
             :
             So
             that
             upon
             the
             whole
             Matter
             ,
             he
             put
             to
             death
             all
             the
             most
             eminent
             Men
             in
             the
             Senate
             ,
             with
             all
             such
             as
             were
             most
             considerable
             for
             Wealth
             or
             Family
             in
             the
             Provinces
             .
             He
             pretended
             to
             act
             in
             this
             Affair
             by
             the
             Dictates
             of
             Revenge
             ,
             tho
             the
             truth
             is
             ,
             he
             was
             urg'd
             on
             by
             a
             more
             prevailing
             Passion
             ,
             which
             he
             had
             for
             Money
             ,
             to
             which
             none
             of
             the
             Emperors
             was
             ever
             so
             totally
             enslav'd
             :
             For
             as
             in
             Strength
             of
             Body
             ,
             Vigour
             of
             Mind
             ,
             and
             Conduct
             of
             Military
             Affairs
             ,
             he
             equall'd
             the
             most
             renowned
             Generals
             ;
             
             so
             he
             was
             excessively
             covetous
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             he
             sought
             Money
             by
             all
             ,
             even
             the
             most
             unwarrantable
             Means
             ,
             as
             by
             Injury
             ,
             Oppression
             ,
             Murther
             ,
             &c.
             
             He
             was
             rather
             fear'd
             than
             belov'd
             by
             his
             Subjects
             ,
             tho'
             it
             was
             the
             principal
             Study
             and
             Endeavour
             of
             his
             Life
             to
             be
             Popular
             :
             To
             this
             end
             he
             frequently
             exhibited
             Publick
             Shows
             ,
             which
             were
             both
             various
             and
             magnificent
             :
             In
             these
             a
             hundred
             Wild
             Beasts
             were
             often
             slain
             at
             a
             time
             ,
             which
             he
             procur'd
             from
             all
             Parts
             of
             the
             World.
             He
             made
             frequent
             and
             noble
             Largesses
             to
             the
             People
             ,
             and
             entertain'd
             them
             with
             Publick
             Games
             ,
             wherein
             Wrestlers
             ,
             Stage-players
             ,
             &c.
             were
             drawn
             from
             all
             Parts
             to
             contend
             for
             the
             Prize
             :
             And
             I
             have
             seen
             in
             his
             Time
             Shews
             of
             all
             sorts
             represented
             in
             all
             the
             Theaters
             in
             Rome
             ,
             with
             sacred
             Rites
             and
             Ceremonies
             solemniz'd
             after
             the
             manner
             of
             the
             Mysteries
             of
             Ceres
             .
             These
             were
             the
             
               Ludi
               Seculares
            
             ,
             which
             are
             never
             renew'd
             till
             three
             Ages
             be
             compleat
             from
             the
             last
             Celebration
             ;
             at
             which
             time
             Cryers
             go
             through
             Rome
             
             and
             Italy
             ,
             to
             make
             Proclamation
             ,
             that
             the
             People
             may
             come
             and
             behold
             what
             they
             had
             never
             seen
             before
             ,
             nor
             could
             ever
             see
             again
             :
             Which
             is
             a
             plain
             Intimation
             ,
             that
             the
             Distance
             of
             Time
             between
             the
             former
             and
             the
             ensuing
             Celebration
             ,
             exceeds
             the
             utmost
             Limits
             of
             humane
             Age.
             
          
           
             Having
             staid
             some
             time
             at
             Rome
             ,
             he
             assum'd
             his
             Sons
             into
             a
             Partnership
             of
             the
             Empire
             ;
             and
             being
             willing
             that
             some
             Foreign
             Atchievements
             should
             contribute
             to
             the
             Glory
             of
             his
             Arms
             ,
             which
             had
             hitherto
             been
             employ'd
             in
             a
             Civil
             War
             ,
             from
             whence
             he
             declin'd
             an
             Occasion
             of
             Triumph
             ,
             he
             led
             his
             Army
             into
             the
             East
             ,
             giving
             out
             ,
             that
             the
             Cause
             of
             this
             Invasion
             was
             to
             punish
             Barsemius
             the
             King
             of
             the
             Atrenians
             ,
             for
             sending
             Succours
             to
             Niger
             ,
             to
             be
             made
             use
             of
             against
             him
             :
             And
             being
             on
             the
             Frontiers
             of
             Armenia
             ,
             he
             was
             about
             to
             ravage
             that
             Country
             ;
             but
             was
             prevented
             by
             the
             King
             of
             the
             Place
             ,
             who
             voluntarily
             sent
             Hostages
             ,
             with
             Money
             ,
             and
             other
             rich
             Presents
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             entreated
             him
             to
             
             establish
             a
             Friendship
             and
             good
             Understanding
             between
             them
             .
             Severus
             finding
             all
             Things
             succeed
             according
             to
             his
             Wishes
             in
             Armenia
             ,
             bent
             his
             Course
             towards
             the
             Country
             of
             the
             Atrenians
             ;
             and
             here
             his
             Strength
             was
             encreas'd
             by
             the
             Repair
             of
             Augarus
             King
             of
             the
             Osrhoeni
             ,
             who
             deliver'd
             up
             his
             Children
             by
             way
             of
             Hostage
             for
             their
             Father's
             Fidelity
             ,
             and
             joyn'd
             him
             with
             a
             considerable
             Force
             of
             Archers
             .
          
           
             Severus
             crossing
             Mesopotamia
             ,
             and
             the
             Country
             of
             the
             Adiabeni
             ,
             over-ran
             Arabia
             call'd
             
               the
               Happy
            
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             Fertility
             of
             the
             Soil
             ,
             which
             produces
             in
             great
             Abundance
             those
             sweet
             Herbs
             which
             we
             use
             in
             our
             Perfumes
             .
             He
             pillag'd
             a
             great
             many
             Cities
             and
             Villages
             ,
             and
             wasting
             all
             the
             Country
             ,
             march'd
             forward
             into
             the
             Territories
             of
             the
             Atrenians
             ,
             and
             sat
             down
             before
             Atrae
             .
             This
             City
             is
             founded
             upon
             the
             Eminence
             of
             a
             Rock
             ,
             and
             fortifi'd
             with
             a
             high
             and
             regular
             Wall.
             The
             Garrison
             was
             numerous
             and
             brave
             ,
             and
             consisted
             for
             the
             most
             part
             of
             Archers
             .
             This
             City
             
             Severus
             invested
             with
             his
             whole
             Army
             ,
             and
             assail'd
             it
             with
             his
             utmost
             Fury
             :
             Engines
             of
             War
             of
             all
             sorts
             were
             drawn
             to
             the
             Wall
             ,
             and
             nothing
             omitted
             that
             is
             of
             importance
             in
             the
             Storming
             of
             Towns.
             The
             Atrenians
             made
             a
             brave
             Defence
             ,
             and
             throwing
             Stones
             and
             shooting
             Arrows
             at
             the
             Assailants
             ,
             extremely
             incommoded
             Severus
             his
             Army
             .
             They
             fill'd
             also
             Earthen
             Vessels
             with
             small
             winged
             Insects
             and
             other
             venemous
             Creatures
             ,
             and
             threw
             them
             upon
             the
             Enemy
             ;
             these
             fastning
             upon
             their
             Eyes
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             Part
             that
             was
             naked
             ,
             and
             secretly
             crawling
             up
             and
             down
             ,
             extremely
             gall'd
             and
             wounded
             them
             .
             They
             could
             not
             bear
             the
             Heat
             of
             the
             Climate
             ,
             the
             Air
             was
             too
             soultry
             ,
             and
             the
             Sun
             burnt
             them
             excessively
             ,
             and
             threw
             them
             into
             divers
             and
             desperate
             Maladies
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             Severus
             lost
             more
             Men
             by
             these
             Casualties
             ,
             than
             by
             the
             Sword
             of
             his
             Enemies
             .
          
           
             Severus
             seeing
             his
             Soldiers
             disheartned
             and
             tir'd
             with
             the
             Siege
             ,
             which
             was
             carried
             on
             with
             more
             Loss
             than
             Advantage
             
             to
             the
             Besiegers
             ,
             took
             care
             to
             draw
             off
             his
             Army
             before
             it
             was
             totally
             destroy'd
             ,
             without
             effecting
             what
             he
             purposed
             .
             The
             Issue
             of
             this
             Attempt
             coming
             so
             far
             short
             of
             his
             Expectations
             ,
             gave
             him
             great
             Regrets
             .
             Not
             to
             vanquish
             ,
             was
             in
             effect
             to
             be
             vanquish'd
             ,
             to
             him
             who
             had
             always
             been
             accustom'd
             to
             Victory
             .
             But
             a
             prosperous
             Gale
             of
             Fortune
             ,
             which
             soon
             after
             hapned
             ,
             easily
             blew
             this
             Damp
             off
             his
             Spirits
             ,
             and
             made
             this
             Expedition
             so
             far
             from
             being
             fruitless
             ,
             that
             it
             crown'd
             it
             with
             greater
             Successes
             than
             he
             at
             first
             expected
             ;
             for
             putting
             to
             Sea
             with
             his
             whole
             Army
             ,
             composing
             a
             strong
             Naval
             Force
             ,
             he
             was
             driven
             from
             the
             Roman
             ,
             and
             forc'd
             in
             a
             rough
             Sea
             upon
             the
             Coast
             of
             Parthia
             ,
             but
             a
             few
             Days
             Journey
             from
             Ctesiphon
             ,
             where
             the
             King
             keeps
             his
             Court
             :
             At
             this
             time
             he
             liv'd
             in
             perfect
             Tranquillity
             ,
             undisturb'd
             by
             War
             ,
             or
             the
             fears
             of
             it
             ,
             not
             imagining
             that
             
             Severus's
             Expedition
             against
             the
             Atreni
             did
             any
             ways
             concern
             him
             ,
             nor
             apprehending
             any
             Attempt
             
             to
             be
             made
             upon
             him
             in
             this
             Juncture
             .
             But
             Severus
             being
             thus
             driven
             by
             Stress
             of
             Weather
             upon
             his
             Coasts
             ,
             landed
             his
             Men
             ,
             and
             ravag'd
             the
             Country
             ,
             carrying
             off
             all
             the
             Cattel
             he
             met
             with
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             be
             secure
             of
             Provisions
             ;
             and
             burning
             the
             Villages
             that
             fell
             in
             his
             way
             ,
             he
             advanc'd
             into
             the
             Country
             ,
             till
             he
             reach'd
             the
             City
             Ctesiphon
             ,
             where
             the
             great
             Artabanus
             held
             his
             Residence
             ,
             and
             falling
             by
             surprize
             upon
             the
             Barbarous
             People
             ,
             who
             were
             unprepar'd
             ,
             kill'd
             all
             the
             Men
             they
             found
             ,
             and
             made
             the
             Women
             and
             Children
             Prisoners
             ,
             the
             King
             only
             escaping
             ,
             with
             a
             few
             Horsemen
             .
             But
             the
             Romans
             possess'd
             themselves
             of
             his
             Treasure
             ,
             and
             Royal
             Furniture
             and
             Ornaments
             ,
             and
             return'd
             with
             them
             to
             their
             Ships
             .
             Thus
             Severus
             atchiev'd
             his
             Parthian
             Victory
             ,
             rather
             by
             good
             Fortune
             than
             Conduct
             .
          
           
             This
             Enterprize
             being
             thus
             fortunately
             accomplish'd
             ,
             he
             immediately
             dispatch'd
             an
             Express
             to
             Rome
             ,
             giving
             an
             Account
             of
             his
             Success
             ,
             and
             magnifying
             
             the
             Exploit
             .
             He
             set
             up
             also
             publick
             Pageants
             ,
             wherein
             his
             Engagements
             and
             Victories
             were
             represented
             .
             The
             Senate
             upon
             this
             Occasion
             decreed
             him
             all
             the
             Honours
             imaginable
             ,
             and
             gave
             him
             Surnames
             from
             the
             Nations
             which
             he
             had
             conquer'd
             .
          
           
             Severus
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             settled
             his
             Affairs
             in
             the
             East
             ,
             hastned
             to
             Rome
             ,
             bringing
             along
             with
             him
             his
             Sons
             ,
             who
             were
             now
             good
             big
             Youths
             ;
             and
             having
             put
             the
             Affairs
             of
             the
             Provinces
             in
             a
             right
             Course
             ,
             and
             review'd
             the
             Mysian
             and
             Pannonian
             Forces
             ,
             he
             enter'd
             Rome
             in
             Triumph
             ,
             being
             receiv'd
             by
             the
             People
             with
             loud
             Acclamations
             ,
             and
             the
             highest
             Testimonies
             of
             Honour
             and
             Respect
             .
             After
             his
             Entrance
             ,
             and
             some
             Time
             spent
             in
             sacrificing
             and
             celebrating
             Festivals
             ,
             and
             exhibiting
             publick
             Shews
             and
             Games
             ,
             he
             distributed
             a
             magnificent
             Donative
             among
             the
             People
             ,
             and
             made
             certain
             Publick
             Entertainments
             on
             the
             particular
             Account
             of
             his
             Victories
             .
             After
             this
             he
             staid
             a
             great
             many
             Years
             at
             Rome
             ,
             administring
             Justice
             ,
             and
             applying
             
             himself
             wholly
             to
             the
             Care
             of
             the
             Civil
             Government
             ,
             and
             the
             institution
             of
             his
             Children
             in
             Vertue
             and
             Good
             Manners
             :
             But
             they
             were
             vigorous
             and
             young
             ,
             and
             falling
             in
             with
             the
             Humour
             of
             the
             Town
             in
             their
             delicate
             and
             refin'd
             Way
             of
             Living
             ,
             and
             pursuing
             with
             too
             great
             eagerness
             the
             Diversions
             of
             Balls
             ,
             Plays
             ,
             Chariot-driving
             ,
             &c.
             were
             early
             debauch'd
             .
             The
             Brothers
             began
             to
             jar
             and
             interfere
             ,
             first
             out
             of
             a
             Childish
             Humour
             or
             Ambition
             ,
             at
             Quail-fights
             ,
             Cock-fights
             ,
             or
             the
             Wrestlings
             of
             Boys
             ,
             where
             they
             would
             frequently
             wrangle
             and
             fall
             out
             .
             If
             any
             thing
             was
             spoke
             or
             represented
             upon
             the
             Stage
             ,
             they
             always
             varied
             in
             Opinion
             ,
             and
             never
             favour'd
             the
             same
             Actor
             ;
             but
             whatever
             pleas'd
             one
             ,
             infallibly
             distasted
             the
             other
             .
             Their
             Flatterers
             and
             Ministers
             made
             it
             their
             Business
             to
             cherish
             and
             foment
             these
             Quarrels
             ,
             saying
             any
             thing
             that
             would
             please
             the
             young
             Princes
             at
             that
             Age
             ,
             and
             give
             them
             Credit
             and
             Interest
             with
             them
             .
             Severus
             being
             inform'd
             of
             these
             Things
             ,
             
             employ'd
             his
             utmost
             Endeavours
             to
             accommodate
             all
             Differences
             between
             them
             ,
             and
             to
             make
             them
             Friends
             .
             His
             eldest
             Son
             (
             whose
             Name
             was
             Bassian
             ,
             afterwards
             chang'd
             into
             Antonine
             ,
             Marcus's
             Surname
             ,
             upon
             his
             Alliance
             to
             the
             Imperial
             Line
             )
             he
             marry'd
             ,
             upon
             a
             Notion
             that
             it
             would
             tame
             him
             ,
             to
             a
             Daughter
             of
             
             Plautian's
             ,
             who
             was
             Captain
             of
             the
             Praetorian
             Band.
             This
             Plautian
             ,
             they
             say
             ,
             was
             originally
             of
             a
             mean
             Fortune
             ,
             and
             had
             in
             his
             Youth
             been
             convicted
             of
             Seditious
             Practices
             ,
             and
             divers
             other
             Misdemeanours
             ,
             for
             which
             he
             was
             banish'd
             ;
             nevertheless
             ,
             being
             by
             Nation
             an
             African
             ,
             and
             Fellow-Citizen
             ,
             and
             ,
             as
             some
             say
             ,
             a
             Relation
             to
             Severus
             ,
             (
             tho'
             others
             tax
             him
             with
             the
             having
             prostituted
             his
             Body
             to
             him
             in
             the
             Flow'r
             of
             his
             Age
             )
             Severus
             from
             a
             low
             and
             mean
             Condition
             ,
             promoted
             him
             to
             great
             Wealth
             and
             Honour
             ,
             conferring
             upon
             him
             the
             Estates
             of
             such
             Persons
             as
             were
             put
             to
             Death
             ,
             sharing
             every
             thing
             with
             him
             except
             his
             Empire
             :
             But
             he
             abus'd
             this
             Power
             and
             Dignity
             ,
             not
             
             abstaining
             from
             the
             highest
             Acts
             of
             Oppression
             and
             Violence
             ,
             in
             the
             advancing
             his
             own
             Interests
             or
             Designs
             ,
             out-doing
             all
             the
             Princes
             that
             went
             before
             him
             in
             Barbarity
             and
             Cruelty
             .
             With
             his
             Daughter
             Severus
             match'd
             his
             Son
             ,
             by
             this
             Alliance
             uniting
             the
             two
             Families
             .
          
           
             Antoninus
             was
             very
             much
             dissatisfied
             with
             the
             Match
             ,
             which
             was
             made
             up
             rather
             by
             Concert
             amongst
             Friends
             ,
             than
             by
             Consent
             of
             Parties
             ,
             and
             conceiv'd
             a
             mortal
             Aversion
             both
             to
             the
             Lady
             and
             her
             Father
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             he
             would
             neither
             lie
             in
             the
             same
             Bed
             ,
             nor
             live
             in
             the
             same
             House
             with
             her
             ;
             but
             thunder'd
             out
             repeated
             Menaces
             against
             them
             both
             ,
             which
             he
             threatned
             to
             execute
             as
             soon
             as
             he
             should
             get
             the
             Sovereign
             Power
             into
             his
             Hands
             .
             The
             Lady
             told
             all
             these
             Things
             to
             her
             Father
             ,
             remonstrating
             to
             him
             how
             implacable
             his
             Hatred
             was
             against
             her
             ,
             which
             put
             the
             old
             Man
             into
             a
             mighty
             Rage
             ;
             how
             seeing
             that
             Severus
             was
             old
             ,
             and
             weakned
             by
             a
             long
             Indisposition
             ,
             and
             knowing
             the
             natural
             Fierceness
             and
             Impetuosity
             of
             Antoninus
             ,
             
             began
             to
             fear
             lest
             he
             should
             some
             Day
             fulfil
             his
             Threats
             :
             Whereupon
             he
             resolv'd
             to
             be
             beforehand
             with
             him
             ,
             esteeming
             it
             better
             to
             be
             upon
             the
             offensive
             ,
             than
             tamely
             to
             expect
             the
             Accomplishment
             of
             these
             Menaces
             .
             He
             had
             a
             great
             many
             Motives
             to
             spur
             on
             his
             Ambition
             to
             an
             Affectation
             of
             the
             Empire
             :
             His
             Estate
             was
             greater
             than
             ever
             any
             Private
             Man
             possess'd
             ,
             the
             Soldiery
             was
             entirely
             at
             his
             Beck
             ,
             the
             whole
             Roman
             People
             paid
             a
             singular
             Honour
             and
             Deference
             to
             him
             ;
             he
             always
             appear'd
             in
             the
             Senatorian
             Robes
             ,
             embroider'd
             with
             large
             Studs
             of
             Gold
             ,
             and
             was
             always
             rank'd
             with
             Men
             of
             principal
             Note
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             had
             been
             twice
             Consuls
             :
             When
             he
             came
             abroad
             ,
             he
             was
             attended
             with
             all
             the
             Circumstances
             that
             might
             encrease
             the
             Terror
             or
             Grandeur
             of
             his
             Appearance
             ;
             he
             had
             a
             Sword
             by
             his
             Side
             ,
             with
             all
             the
             Ensigns
             of
             Sovereign
             Dignity
             :
             No
             Man
             was
             suffer'd
             to
             approach
             his
             Person
             ;
             and
             if
             any
             encounter'd
             him
             by
             accident
             ,
             he
             was
             oblig'd
             to
             retire
             .
             Certain
             Gentlemen
             
             of
             his
             Retinue
             always
             march'd
             before
             him
             to
             make
             Proclamation
             ,
             that
             no
             Man
             should
             presume
             to
             draw
             near
             or
             look
             upon
             him
             ,
             but
             that
             they
             should
             all
             turn
             out
             of
             the
             Way
             ,
             and
             fix
             their
             Eyes
             on
             the
             Ground
             .
          
           
             Plautian
             by
             this
             Deportment
             incurr'd
             the
             high
             Displeasure
             of
             Severus
             ,
             and
             became
             odious
             and
             insupportable
             to
             him
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             he
             retrench'd
             his
             Authority
             ,
             and
             exhorted
             him
             to
             abate
             something
             of
             his
             Pride
             and
             Arrogance
             :
             Which
             incens'd
             him
             to
             that
             Degree
             ,
             that
             he
             resolv'd
             to
             attempt
             the
             Empire
             by
             Policy
             and
             Intrigue
             ;
             and
             in
             order
             to
             it
             ,
             form'd
             this
             Design
             :
             There
             was
             a
             certain
             Tribune
             of
             
             Plautian's
             ,
             by
             Name
             Saturninus
             ,
             who
             had
             abandon'd
             himself
             to
             an
             implicit
             Obedience
             to
             the
             Will
             and
             Pleasure
             of
             his
             General
             ,
             which
             in
             truth
             all
             the
             rest
             had
             done
             as
             well
             as
             he
             ;
             yet
             he
             by
             a
             shew
             of
             an
             extraordinary
             Veneration
             for
             him
             above
             the
             rest
             ,
             had
             insinuated
             himself
             the
             most
             intimately
             into
             his
             Affections
             .
             This
             Man
             he
             thought
             the
             most
             fit
             to
             be
             trusted
             with
             ,
             and
             the
             
             most
             proper
             to
             execute
             his
             secret
             Orders
             ,
             and
             commanded
             him
             to
             attend
             him
             in
             the
             Evening
             ,
             after
             all
             other
             Persons
             were
             withdrawn
             ;
             and
             when
             he
             was
             come
             ,
             told
             him
             ,
             
               That
               this
               was
               the
               Time
               for
               him
               to
               give
               the
               last
               Proof
               of
               his
               Zeal
               and
               Devotion
               to
               his
               Interest
               ,
               and
               for
               him
               to
               make
               a
               Requital
               proportionable
               to
               so
               great
               a
               Merit
               ;
               That
               it
               was
               in
               his
               Choice
               whether
               he
               would
               succeed
               him
               in
               the
               Post
               he
               was
               now
               in
               ,
               and
               be
               such
               a
               Man
               as
               he
               saw
               he
               was
               at
               that
               time
               ,
               or
               die
               instantly
               ,
               and
               receive
               the
               Rewards
               of
               his
               Contumacy
               and
               Disobedience
               ;
               That
               he
               ought
               not
               to
               be
               stagger'd
               with
               the
               Greatness
               of
               the
               Enterprize
               ,
               or
               startle
               at
               the
               Name
               of
            
             Emperor
             ,
             
               in
               regard
               of
               the
               free
               Entrance
               which
               he
               should
               have
               alone
               into
               the
               Imperial
               Bed-chamber
               ,
               when
               his
               Turn
               should
               come
               to
               be
               upon
               the
               Night-Guard
               ,
               at
               which
               time
               he
               might
               easily
               effect
               what
               he
               propos'd
               to
               him
               ,
               without
               Opposition
               or
               Discovery
               ;
               That
               he
               should
               not
               expect
               any
               further
               Orders
               from
               him
               ,
               but
               should
               go
               immediately
               to
               the
               Imperial
               Palace
               ,
               as
               if
               he
               brought
               Advices
               of
               Importance
               and
               Secresie
               from
               Plautian
               ,
               and
               so
               should
               fall
               upon
               the
               Old
               Man
               
               and
               his
               Son
               ,
               and
               kill
               them
               ;
               adding
               ,
               That
               the
               Matter
               was
               very
               feasible
               to
               a
               Man
               that
               would
               acquit
               himself
               with
               Bravery
               ;
               and
               assuring
               him
               ,
               That
               as
               he
               had
               a
               Share
               in
               the
               Hazard
               ,
               so
               he
               should
               also
               have
               in
               the
               Honour
               and
               Dignity
               to
               which
               this
               Enterprize
               would
               make
               way
               .
            
          
           
             The
             Tribune
             was
             infinitely
             surpriz'd
             with
             the
             Proposal
             ,
             but
             not
             so
             much
             as
             to
             lose
             his
             Understanding
             in
             that
             Juncture
             ;
             but
             ,
             like
             a
             Man
             that
             had
             his
             Senses
             about
             him
             ,
             (
             for
             he
             was
             a
             Syrian
             ,
             and
             't
             is
             observ'd
             that
             the
             Eastern
             Countries
             produce
             generally
             very
             clear
             Heads
             )
             considering
             the
             Violence
             of
             his
             Rage
             ,
             together
             with
             the
             Extent
             of
             his
             Power
             ,
             thought
             not
             fit
             to
             oppose
             him
             in
             any
             Circumstance
             of
             what
             he
             open'd
             to
             him
             ,
             for
             fear
             of
             being
             sacrific'd
             instantly
             to
             his
             Displeasure
             ;
             but
             hearing
             the
             whole
             Proposal
             with
             seeming
             Joy
             and
             Rapture
             ,
             as
             if
             he
             was
             ambitious
             to
             be
             an
             Instrument
             in
             the
             Execution
             ,
             and
             adoring
             him
             as
             if
             he
             had
             been
             already
             Emperor
             ,
             desir'd
             of
             him
             a
             Copy
             of
             his
             Commission
             ;
             for
             't
             is
             the
             Custom
             of
             
             Tyrants
             ,
             when
             they
             command
             any
             Man
             to
             be
             cut
             off
             without
             Legal
             Process
             ,
             to
             give
             their
             Orders
             in
             Writing
             ,
             that
             some
             Footsteps
             might
             remain
             of
             the
             Authority
             by
             which
             the
             Party
             was
             put
             to
             Death
             .
             Plautian
             ,
             blinded
             with
             Ambition
             ,
             gave
             him
             a
             Commission
             under
             his
             Hand
             ,
             and
             dispatch'd
             him
             away
             instantly
             to
             execute
             it
             ,
             strictly
             charging
             him
             to
             send
             for
             him
             as
             soon
             as
             the
             Business
             was
             done
             ,
             and
             before
             it
             was
             nois'd
             abroad
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             appear
             in
             the
             Palace
             before
             it
             was
             known
             that
             he
             had
             invaded
             the
             Empire
             .
             Matters
             being
             thus
             concerted
             between
             them
             ,
             the
             Tribune
             left
             him
             ,
             and
             walk'd
             through
             all
             the
             Rooms
             of
             the
             Palace
             ,
             as
             he
             us'd
             to
             do
             ,
             without
             Controul
             :
             But
             considering
             that
             it
             was
             absolutely
             impracticable
             for
             one
             Man
             to
             assassinate
             two
             Emperors
             that
             were
             lodg'd
             in
             different
             Apartments
             ,
             he
             went
             directly
             to
             Severus
             ,
             and
             calling
             to
             the
             Guards
             of
             the
             Imperial
             Bed-chamber
             ,
             desir'd
             Admittance
             to
             the
             Emperor's
             Presence
             ,
             in
             regard
             he
             had
             something
             to
             impart
             to
             him
             that
             nearly
             concern'd
             
             the
             Safety
             of
             his
             Person
             .
             They
             immediately
             inform'd
             the
             Emperor
             hereof
             ,
             and
             by
             his
             Command
             the
             Tribune
             was
             brought
             before
             him
             :
             After
             he
             was
             introduc'd
             ,
             addressing
             himself
             to
             Severus
             ,
             he
             accosted
             him
             with
             this
             surprizing
             Relation
             .
             
               May
               it
               please
               your
               Majesty
               ,
               I
               don't
               come
               here
               as
               a
               Traytor
               to
               assassinate
               your
               Person
               ,
               as
               he
               that
               sent
               me
               imagines
               ;
               but
               according
               to
               my
               own
               Hopes
               and
               Desires
               ,
               to
               be
               your
               Preserver
               and
               Deliverer
               .
            
             Plautian
             
               seeking
               by
               Intrigue
               and
               Policy
               to
               gain
               the
               Empire
               ,
               has
               Commission'd
               me
               to
               murder
               you
               and
               your
               Son
               ,
               and
               that
               not
               only
               by
               Word
               of
               Mouth
               ,
               but
               by
               Warrant
               in
               Writing
            
             ;
             [
             Then
             he
             laid
             the
             Commission
             before
             them
             ,
             ]
             
               which
               I
               readily
               undertook
               ,
               lest
               if
               I
               should
               decline
               it
               ,
               he
               might
               meet
               with
               some
               other
               Person
               forward
               enough
               to
               engage
               in
               the
               Enterprize
               ;
               and
               now
               I
               am
               here
               ready
               to
               make
               Discovery
               of
               what
               I
               know
               ,
               and
               to
               bring
               to
               light
               his
               Secret
               Designs
               .
            
             This
             he
             spoke
             with
             Tears
             in
             his
             Eyes
             ,
             and
             a
             mighty
             appearance
             of
             Concern
             .
             Nevertheless
             ,
             Severus
             gave
             but
             slow
             Credit
             to
             him
             ;
             he
             lov'd
             Plautian
             
             most
             passionately
             ,
             and
             suspected
             Forgery
             and
             Subornation
             in
             the
             whole
             Business
             ;
             he
             fansied
             his
             Son
             ,
             out
             of
             an
             inveterate
             Malice
             to
             Plautian
             and
             his
             Daughter
             ,
             had
             invented
             this
             artful
             Calumny
             to
             take
             away
             his
             Life
             ;
             and
             sending
             for
             him
             ,
             charg'd
             him
             home
             with
             it
             ,
             reproving
             him
             most
             severely
             for
             these
             unwarrantable
             Practices
             against
             the
             Life
             of
             his
             Friend
             and
             Domestick
             .
             Antoninus
             at
             first
             protested
             he
             was
             ignorant
             of
             the
             whole
             Matter
             ;
             but
             when
             the
             Tribune
             press'd
             his
             Depositions
             ,
             shewing
             forth
             his
             Commission
             ,
             Antoninus
             spurr'd
             him
             on
             ,
             and
             animated
             him
             to
             impeach
             him
             of
             the
             Fact
             ,
             and
             be
             Evidence
             against
             him
             .
             And
             the
             Tribune
             seeing
             into
             what
             imminent
             Danger
             he
             had
             brought
             himself
             ,
             and
             fearing
             the
             overweening
             Kindness
             of
             Severus
             to
             Plautian
             ,
             and
             being
             satisfied
             if
             the
             Plot
             was
             not
             fairly
             discover'd
             ,
             and
             the
             Criminal
             convicted
             ,
             that
             he
             should
             undergo
             the
             most
             exquisite
             Torments
             ,
             said
             to
             them
             ,
             
               I
               beseech
               you
               ,
               my
               Lords
               ,
               what
               clearer
               Proof
               or
               stronger
               Evidence
               can
               you
               desire
               ?
               Permit
               
               me
               only
               to
               go
               out
               of
               the
               Palace
               ,
               and
               by
               some
               trusty
               Friend
               of
               mine
               let
               him
               know
               that
               the
               Business
               he
               gave
               me
               in
               Charge
               is
               accomplish'd
               ,
               and
               he
               will
               speedily
               be
               here
               ,
               expecting
               to
               find
               the
               Palace
               abandon'd
               ;
               and
               then
               you
               your selves
               may
               judge
               of
               the
               Truth
               of
               what
               I
               have
               depos'd
               .
               Only
               command
               Silence
               in
               the
               Palace
               ,
               for
               fear
               he
               should
               have
               Intelligence
               of
               what
               has
               pass'd
               ,
               and
               so
               defeat
               the
               Design
               .
            
          
           
             All
             this
             being
             agreed
             to
             ,
             he
             sent
             a
             particular
             Friend
             of
             his
             to
             Plautian
             ,
             to
             tell
             him
             ,
             
               That
               he
               should
               make
               all
               the
               haste
               he
               could
               ;
               that
               both
               the
               Emperors
               were
               dispatch'd
               ;
               that
               it
               would
               behove
               him
               to
               be
               in
               the
               Palace
               before
               the
               Thing
               had
               taken
               Air
               ;
               that
               having
               made
               himself
               Master
               of
               the
               Citadel
               ,
               and
               establish'd
               his
               Empire
               ,
               he
               might
               constrain
               the
               People
               to
               render
               Obedience
               to
               him
               ,
               as
               to
               an
               actual
               Sovereign
               .
               Plautian
            
             easily
             believ'd
             all
             this
             ,
             and
             full
             of
             Hope
             ,
             in
             the
             Evening
             put
             on
             a
             Coat
             of
             Mail
             for
             the
             Defence
             of
             his
             Body
             ,
             and
             throwing
             his
             other
             Robes
             over
             it
             ,
             drove
             with
             all
             speed
             to
             the
             Palace
             ,
             accompanied
             only
             by
             a
             few
             Servants
             ,
             who
             fansied
             he
             
             went
             upon
             a
             Summons
             from
             Court
             ,
             about
             Affairs
             of
             Importance
             .
          
           
             He
             enter'd
             the
             Palace
             without
             any
             Difficulty
             ,
             the
             Guards
             knowing
             nothing
             of
             what
             had
             hapned
             .
             Here
             the
             Tribune
             met
             him
             ,
             and
             designing
             to
             trepan
             him
             ,
             accosted
             him
             by
             the
             Title
             of
             Emperor
             ;
             and
             taking
             him
             familiarly
             by
             the
             Hand
             ,
             told
             him
             he
             would
             conduct
             him
             into
             the
             Chamber
             where
             the
             dead
             Bodies
             of
             the
             Emperors
             were
             bestow'd
             .
             Here
             Severus
             had
             order'd
             certain
             of
             his
             Guards
             to
             stand
             ready
             to
             lay
             Hands
             upon
             him
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             he
             should
             come
             in
             .
             So
             Plautian
             ,
             to
             his
             unexpressible
             disappointment
             ,
             saw
             both
             the
             Emperors
             standing
             in
             the
             Room
             ;
             and
             being
             seiz'd
             upon
             by
             the
             Guards
             ,
             and
             infinitely
             astonish'd
             with
             the
             Encounter
             ,
             began
             to
             beg
             and
             entreat
             ,
             and
             to
             vindicate
             himself
             ,
             protesting
             ,
             
               That
               it
               was
               all
               a
               Lye
               ,
               a
               meer
               Forgery
               and
               Contrivance
               devis'd
               against
               him
               .
               Severus
            
             upbraided
             him
             with
             his
             good
             Offices
             ,
             and
             the
             Honours
             he
             had
             conferr'd
             upon
             him
             .
             Plautian
             ,
             on
             the
             other
             Hand
             ,
             reminded
             him
             of
             his
             Faith
             ,
             
             Loyalty
             ,
             and
             the
             good
             Services
             he
             had
             render'd
             him
             ;
             till
             at
             length
             Severus
             inclin'd
             to
             credit
             what
             he
             said
             ,
             until
             an
             unlucky
             Rent
             in
             his
             Garment
             discover'd
             the
             ▪
             Coat
             of
             Mail
             that
             was
             under
             it
             :
             Whereupon
             Antonine
             ,
             a
             fiery
             audacious
             Youth
             ,
             and
             naturally
             very
             inveterate
             against
             the
             Man
             ,
             demanded
             of
             him
             what
             Answer
             he
             would
             give
             to
             these
             two
             Points
             ,
             
               Why
               he
               came
               to
               Court
               at
               that
               Time
               without
               Orders
            
             ;
             and
             ,
             
               What
               was
               the
               meaning
               of
               that
               Coat
               of
               Mail.
               Is
               it
               usual
               ,
            
             says
             he
             ,
             
               for
               any
               Man
               to
               come
               armed
               to
               a
               Collation
               ?
            
             At
             which
             Words
             he
             commanded
             the
             Tribune
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             Soldiers
             that
             were
             present
             ,
             instantly
             to
             draw
             their
             Swords
             ,
             and
             cut
             him
             in
             Pieces
             for
             an
             avow'd
             Enemy
             .
             They
             presently
             obey'd
             his
             Orders
             ,
             and
             killing
             him
             ,
             flung
             out
             his
             dead
             Body
             into
             the
             publick
             Street
             ,
             there
             to
             lie
             open
             to
             the
             View
             of
             all
             Men
             ,
             and
             expos'd
             to
             the
             Indignities
             of
             those
             that
             hated
             him
             .
             Thus
             the
             ambitious
             Plautian
             ran
             his
             Period
             ,
             being
             betray'd
             by
             him
             who
             made
             the
             greatest
             Professions
             of
             Friendship
             and
             Devotion
             to
             him
             .
          
           
           
             Severus
             from
             henceforth
             created
             two
             Captains
             of
             the
             Praetorian
             Band
             ,
             and
             spent
             the
             Remainder
             of
             his
             Days
             for
             the
             most
             part
             in
             his
             Country
             Houses
             that
             were
             near
             the
             City
             ,
             or
             on
             the
             Sea-Coasts
             of
             Campania
             ,
             distributing
             Justice
             ,
             and
             regulating
             the
             Affairs
             of
             State.
             He
             was
             extremely
             desirous
             that
             his
             Children
             should
             have
             the
             Benefit
             of
             a
             vertuous
             Education
             .
             He
             saw
             they
             pursu'd
             the
             vain
             Amusements
             of
             Shews
             and
             Games
             ,
             with
             greater
             Eagerness
             than
             was
             suitable
             to
             their
             Character
             .
             He
             saw
             too
             ,
             that
             about
             these
             they
             constantly
             thwarted
             and
             oppos'd
             one
             another
             with
             great
             Zeal
             and
             Warmth
             ,
             which
             bred
             ill
             Blood
             amongst
             them
             ,
             and
             afforded
             Incentives
             to
             Fewds
             and
             Animosities
             :
             Especially
             Antonine
             became
             insupportable
             after
             Plautian
             was
             remov'd
             ,
             (
             tho'
             the
             Reverence
             of
             his
             Father
             restrain'd
             him
             from
             Actions
             that
             were
             of
             a
             very
             flagitious
             Nature
             )
             he
             endeavour'd
             to
             kill
             his
             Wife
             ,
             and
             left
             nothing
             unattempted
             to
             effect
             it
             :
             Whereupon
             Severus
             sent
             her
             away
             with
             her
             Brother
             into
             Sicily
             ,
             and
             
             allow'd
             them
             a
             large
             and
             honourable
             Maintenance
             ;
             imitating
             herein
             Augustus
             ,
             who
             took
             the
             same
             Course
             with
             
             Anthony's
             Sons
             after
             he
             was
             declar'd
             an
             Enemy
             .
          
           
             Severus
             endeavour'd
             as
             much
             as
             in
             him
             lay
             to
             compose
             all
             these
             Quarrels
             ,
             and
             to
             create
             a
             Friendship
             and
             good
             Understanding
             between
             them
             ;
             and
             in
             order
             to
             this
             ,
             frequently
             put
             them
             in
             mind
             of
             the
             old
             Tragedies
             and
             Fables
             ,
             wherein
             private
             Animosities
             between
             Brothers
             jointly
             invested
             in
             Supreme
             Power
             ,
             were
             generally
             the
             Source
             of
             all
             their
             Miseries
             ;
             and
             represented
             to
             them
             ,
             that
             the
             Exchequer
             and
             Temples
             were
             very
             full
             of
             Money
             ;
             that
             no
             Foreign
             Potentate
             would
             have
             Force
             or
             Treasure
             enough
             to
             attack
             them
             from
             without
             ;
             that
             their
             Funds
             at
             home
             would
             abundantly
             supply
             them
             with
             Donatives
             to
             distribute
             amongst
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             as
             often
             and
             in
             what
             Quantities
             they
             pleas'd
             ;
             that
             the
             Praetorian
             Band
             was
             four
             times
             as
             strong
             as
             it
             was
             at
             his
             Accession
             to
             the
             Empire
             ;
             
             that
             the
             Army
             that
             was
             posted
             before
             the
             City
             ,
             was
             of
             that
             Strength
             ,
             that
             no
             Foreign
             Force
             was
             equal
             or
             comparable
             to
             it
             ,
             whether
             you
             consider
             the
             Plenty
             of
             Money
             ,
             or
             the
             Strength
             ,
             Stature
             ,
             or
             Number
             of
             Men
             ;
             remonstrating
             to
             them
             upon
             the
             whole
             Matter
             ,
             that
             all
             this
             would
             signifie
             nothing
             ,
             as
             long
             as
             there
             were
             Civil
             Feuds
             and
             Intestine
             Divisions
             among
             them
             .
             These
             Admonitions
             he
             often
             repeated
             ,
             sometimes
             mildly
             entreating
             ,
             at
             other
             times
             as
             sharply
             rebuking
             them
             ,
             leaving
             no
             way
             unessay'd
             to
             allay
             these
             unnatural
             Heats
             ,
             and
             make
             a
             firm
             and
             sincere
             Reconciliation
             between
             them
             .
             But
             they
             ,
             regardless
             of
             all
             his
             Counsels
             ,
             liv'd
             in
             open
             defiance
             of
             him
             and
             his
             Authority
             ,
             making
             still
             more
             desperate
             Advances
             in
             Sin
             and
             Vice
             ;
             the
             Heat
             and
             Fire
             of
             Youth
             ,
             the
             Licentiousness
             of
             Princes
             ,
             the
             fairest
             Opportunities
             ,
             and
             the
             most
             powerful
             Incentives
             to
             Pleasure
             ,
             all
             concurring
             to
             push
             them
             forward
             to
             the
             greatest
             Extravagancies
             .
             Besides
             these
             ,
             they
             were
             led
             by
             Buffoons
             and
             Sycophants
             ,
             who
             by
             inveagling
             Arts
             endeavour'd
             
             to
             allure
             and
             win
             them
             to
             themselves
             ,
             not
             stopping
             at
             a
             servile
             Compliance
             with
             their
             most
             dishonest
             Actions
             or
             Appetites
             ,
             but
             still
             inventing
             something
             in
             favour
             of
             the
             Prince
             they
             follow'd
             ,
             which
             could
             not
             delight
             him
             more
             than
             it
             regretted
             his
             Brother
             .
             Severus
             took
             some
             of
             these
             Men
             ,
             and
             punish'd
             them
             severely
             for
             these
             servile
             Compliances
             .
          
           
             While
             Severus
             was
             thus
             concern'd
             for
             the
             lewd
             Courses
             of
             his
             Sons
             ,
             and
             that
             indecent
             Application
             with
             which
             they
             had
             follow'd
             Plays
             and
             Games
             ,
             the
             Governor
             of
             Britain
             notified
             to
             him
             by
             Letter
             ,
             
               That
               the
            
             Britains
             
               were
               in
               open
               Rebellion
               ,
               that
               they
               had
               ravag'd
               and
               laid
               waste
               the
               Country
               ,
               that
               he
               must
               either
               send
               him
               a
               strong
               Reinforcement
               ,
               or
               come
               in
               Person
               to
               reduce
               the
               Place
               .
            
             These
             Advices
             were
             very
             agreeable
             to
             Severus
             ,
             who
             was
             naturally
             very
             desirous
             of
             Glory
             ,
             but
             had
             a
             peculiar
             Ambition
             to
             crown
             his
             Victories
             in
             the
             East
             and
             North
             ,
             and
             his
             Titles
             of
             Honour
             merited
             by
             his
             Successes
             in
             those
             Parts
             ,
             by
             erecting
             new
             
             Trophies
             in
             Britain
             .
             This
             Expedition
             also
             offer'd
             him
             an
             Occasion
             which
             he
             extremely
             wish'd
             for
             ,
             of
             drawing
             his
             Sons
             from
             Rome
             ,
             that
             being
             remov'd
             from
             the
             Luxury
             and
             Gaieties
             of
             the
             Town
             ,
             and
             making
             a
             Campaign
             in
             Britain
             ,
             they
             might
             be
             accustom'd
             in
             their
             Youth
             to
             a
             temperate
             Course
             of
             Life
             ,
             as
             that
             which
             is
             most
             proper
             for
             a
             Soldier
             .
             Soon
             after
             he
             caus'd
             Proclamation
             to
             be
             made
             of
             his
             design'd
             Expedition
             into
             Britain
             .
             He
             was
             old
             ,
             and
             much
             afflicted
             with
             the
             Gout
             ;
             but
             the
             Faculties
             of
             his
             Mind
             were
             active
             and
             vigorous
             ,
             far
             excelling
             all
             the
             Young
             Men.
             He
             travell'd
             for
             the
             most
             part
             in
             a
             Calash
             ,
             making
             no
             considerable
             Halts
             in
             his
             March
             ;
             and
             having
             reach'd
             the
             End
             of
             his
             Journey
             by
             Land
             ,
             he
             cross'd
             the
             Seas
             sooner
             than
             he
             could
             have
             expected
             ,
             and
             landed
             his
             Men
             in
             Britain
             ,
             and
             appointing
             a
             general
             Rendezvous
             for
             his
             Forces
             ,
             drew
             together
             a
             formidable
             Army
             ,
             and
             made
             all
             necessary
             Preparations
             for
             the
             War.
             
          
           
           
             The
             Britains
             were
             exceedingly
             alarm'd
             at
             the
             sudden
             Arrival
             of
             Severus
             ;
             and
             understanding
             what
             a
             mighty
             Power
             was
             rais'd
             against
             them
             ,
             they
             immediately
             sent
             Ambassadors
             to
             make
             Overtures
             of
             Peace
             ,
             and
             to
             excuse
             their
             late
             Miscarriages
             :
             But
             Severus
             was
             inflexible
             ;
             he
             was
             ambitious
             of
             a
             Victory
             over
             the
             Britains
             ,
             and
             enflam'd
             with
             the
             Surname
             of
             Britannicus
             ,
             and
             was
             loth
             to
             return
             to
             Rome
             without
             atchieving
             the
             one
             ,
             and
             deserving
             the
             other
             :
             So
             he
             contriv'd
             Delays
             and
             Difficulties
             ,
             to
             gain
             Time
             ,
             and
             detain
             the
             Ambassadors
             in
             suspense
             ;
             but
             dismiss'd
             them
             at
             length
             ,
             after
             a
             final
             Rejection
             of
             their
             Proposals
             ,
             and
             put
             all
             things
             in
             posture
             and
             readiness
             for
             a
             Battel
             .
             It
             was
             his
             principal
             Care
             to
             build
             Bridges
             over
             the
             Morasses
             ,
             that
             his
             Men
             might
             run
             over
             them
             with
             ease
             ,
             and
             fight
             upon
             a
             solid
             Bottom
             .
             Of
             these
             there
             are
             great
             Numbers
             in
             this
             Island
             ,
             covering
             vast
             Extents
             of
             Land
             ,
             occasion'd
             by
             the
             frequent
             Inundations
             of
             the
             Sea.
             The
             Natives
             often
             swim
             or
             wade
             into
             them
             up
             to
             the
             Waste
             ,
             in
             
             Water
             and
             Mud
             ,
             which
             they
             don't
             regard
             ,
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             their
             Bodies
             being
             naked
             .
             They
             are
             not
             acquainted
             with
             the
             Use
             of
             Clothes
             ,
             but
             wear
             Iron
             about
             their
             Necks
             and
             Wastes
             ,
             which
             they
             esteem
             an
             Ornament
             ,
             and
             a
             Sign
             of
             Riches
             ,
             as
             the
             other
             Barbarous
             Nations
             do
             Gold.
             They
             paint
             their
             Bodies
             with
             an
             agreeable
             Variety
             ,
             drawing
             upon
             them
             all
             Sorts
             of
             Creatures
             ;
             which
             is
             the
             Reason
             they
             wear
             no
             Clothes
             ,
             their
             Vanity
             not
             permitting
             them
             to
             draw
             a
             Veil
             over
             so
             much
             Beauty
             .
             They
             are
             a
             very
             warlike
             and
             a
             bloody
             People
             .
             Their
             Arms
             are
             only
             a
             narrow
             Shield
             and
             a
             Lance
             ,
             with
             a
             Sword
             that
             hangs
             at
             their
             naked
             Side
             .
             They
             know
             nothing
             of
             the
             Use
             of
             a
             Breast-plate
             or
             Helmet
             ,
             looking
             upon
             them
             as
             an
             useless
             Luggage
             ,
             which
             would
             only
             hinder
             them
             in
             passing
             the
             Bogs
             ,
             out
             of
             which
             continually
             ascend
             thick
             Vapors
             ,
             by
             reason
             whereof
             the
             Face
             of
             the
             Heavens
             seems
             always
             overcast
             .
          
           
             Severus
             in
             this
             Interval
             made
             Provision
             of
             such
             Things
             as
             would
             the
             most
             
             annoy
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             be
             of
             the
             greatest
             Use
             to
             his
             own
             Men.
             And
             now
             all
             Things
             seeming
             in
             good
             State
             and
             Condition
             for
             the
             War
             ,
             he
             left
             Geta
             to
             administer
             Justice
             in
             that
             part
             of
             the
             Island
             which
             was
             not
             revolted
             ,
             and
             to
             make
             such
             Regulations
             as
             the
             Civil
             Government
             should
             require
             ,
             appointing
             him
             a
             Council
             compos'd
             of
             the
             most
             aged
             ,
             and
             the
             most
             experienc'd
             of
             his
             Friends
             :
             And
             taking
             Antonine
             along
             with
             him
             ,
             he
             advanc'd
             against
             the
             Rebels
             ;
             and
             having
             pass'd
             his
             Army
             over
             the
             Rivers
             and
             Fortifications
             which
             divided
             the
             Roman
             Frontier
             from
             that
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             there
             hapned
             divers
             Rencounters
             between
             them
             ,
             wherein
             the
             Britains
             always
             had
             the
             worse
             ;
             but
             having
             the
             advantage
             of
             being
             throughly
             acquainted
             with
             the
             Country
             ,
             they
             could
             retreat
             at
             pleasure
             out
             of
             Danger
             ,
             into
             the
             Fastnesses
             of
             the
             Woods
             and
             Bogs
             ;
             all
             which
             being
             against
             the
             Romans
             ,
             retarded
             the
             Prosecution
             of
             the
             War.
             
          
           
             About
             this
             time
             Severus
             being
             arriv'd
             to
             a
             great
             Age
             ,
             was
             seiz'd
             with
             a
             lingring
             
             Illness
             ,
             which
             constrain'd
             him
             to
             stay
             at
             home
             ;
             by
             which
             means
             the
             Character
             of
             General
             devolv'd
             upon
             Antonine
             ,
             whom
             his
             Father
             sent
             to
             prosecute
             the
             War
             :
             But
             he
             being
             not
             very
             sollicitous
             how
             Matters
             were
             carry'd
             on
             against
             the
             Rebels
             ,
             us'd
             his
             utmost
             Endeavours
             to
             ingratiate
             with
             the
             Soldiery
             ,
             and
             to
             exclude
             all
             others
             from
             any
             Share
             in
             their
             Affections
             and
             Esteem
             ,
             affecting
             immoderately
             to
             be
             sole
             Monarch
             .
             In
             order
             hereto
             ,
             he
             loaded
             his
             Brother
             with
             Calumnies
             and
             Reproaches
             :
             But
             the
             long
             Indisposition
             of
             his
             Father
             ,
             and
             the
             slow
             Approaches
             of
             Death
             ,
             afflicted
             the
             Spirit
             of
             the
             Young
             Man
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             at
             length
             he
             grew
             impatient
             ,
             and
             fell
             to
             Practices
             with
             his
             Servants
             and
             Physicians
             to
             shorten
             his
             Life
             ;
             till
             at
             last
             Severus
             dy'd
             ,
             rather
             through
             Anguish
             of
             Mind
             ,
             than
             Indisposition
             of
             Body
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             run
             a
             glorious
             Course
             ,
             far
             transcending
             all
             his
             Predecessors
             in
             the
             Glory
             of
             Military
             Atchievements
             ,
             none
             of
             which
             were
             Victorious
             in
             so
             many
             and
             so
             great
             
             Engagements
             both
             in
             Civil
             and
             Foreign
             Wars
             .
             He
             reigned
             Eighteen
             Years
             ,
             and
             was
             succeeded
             by
             his
             own
             Sons
             .
             He
             left
             behind
             a
             greater
             Treasure
             than
             ever
             any
             Prince
             did
             before
             him
             ,
             with
             an
             Army
             of
             that
             Puissance
             ,
             that
             no
             Force
             was
             able
             to
             encounter
             it
             .
          
           
             Antonine
             had
             no
             sooner
             got
             the
             Supreme
             Power
             into
             his
             Hands
             ,
             upon
             his
             Father's
             Decease
             ,
             but
             he
             began
             a
             most
             bloody
             Massacre
             ,
             putting
             to
             Death
             all
             the
             Physicians
             that
             refus'd
             to
             comply
             with
             the
             Proposal
             he
             made
             to
             them
             of
             taking
             off
             his
             Father
             ,
             as
             also
             all
             those
             Persons
             that
             had
             the
             Conduct
             of
             his
             own
             and
             his
             Brother's
             Education
             ,
             because
             they
             earnestly
             endeavour'd
             to
             mediate
             a
             Reconciliation
             between
             them
             .
             Nor
             did
             any
             of
             those
             Ministers
             weather
             this
             Storm
             ,
             whom
             his
             Father
             in
             his
             Life-time
             had
             honour'd
             with
             his
             Esteem
             and
             Confidence
             .
             The
             Chief
             Officers
             in
             the
             Army
             he
             endeavour'd
             to
             engage
             in
             his
             Interests
             by
             great
             Gifts
             and
             greater
             Promises
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             they
             should
             influence
             the
             Army
             to
             declare
             him
             sole
             
             Emperor
             ,
             setting
             a
             foot
             all
             manner
             of
             Practices
             to
             destroy
             his
             Brother
             .
             But
             he
             could
             not
             over-rule
             the
             Soldiers
             in
             this
             Point
             ;
             they
             remembred
             how
             equally
             Severus
             had
             deported
             himself
             towards
             his
             Sons
             while
             he
             was
             alive
             ,
             keeping
             them
             both
             upon
             a
             Level
             in
             the
             whole
             Course
             of
             their
             Education
             ,
             and
             therefore
             thought
             themselves
             oblig'd
             to
             render
             an
             equal
             Loyalty
             and
             Deference
             to
             them
             both
             .
          
           
             Antonine
             finding
             that
             his
             Project
             did
             not
             take
             in
             the
             Army
             ,
             concluded
             a
             Peace
             ,
             and
             taking
             Hostages
             for
             the
             Observance
             of
             it
             ,
             left
             the
             Enemies
             Country
             ,
             and
             advanc'd
             with
             all
             speed
             towards
             his
             Mother
             and
             Brother
             .
             After
             they
             came
             to
             an
             Interview
             ,
             their
             Mother
             employ'd
             her
             utmost
             Efforts
             to
             reconcile
             them
             ;
             all
             the
             Men
             of
             most
             eminent
             Dignity
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             had
             been
             of
             his
             Father's
             Council
             ,
             joining
             with
             her
             in
             an
             Endeavour
             so
             important
             to
             the
             Publick
             Quiet
             .
             So
             Antonine
             seeing
             all
             things
             conspire
             to
             thwart
             the
             Bent
             of
             his
             Humour
             ,
             agreed
             at
             last
             ,
             rather
             by
             Necessity
             than
             Choice
             ,
             
             to
             the
             outward
             Forms
             of
             a
             Reconciliation
             ,
             tho'
             there
             was
             little
             Sincerity
             at
             the
             bottom
             .
             After
             this
             they
             administer'd
             the
             Government
             jointly
             ;
             and
             parting
             from
             Britain
             ,
             set
             Sail
             for
             Rome
             ,
             and
             carry'd
             along
             with
             them
             their
             Father's
             Ashes
             ,
             which
             ,
             mix'd
             with
             Perfumes
             ,
             they
             put
             into
             an
             Urn
             of
             Alabaster
             ,
             and
             convey'd
             to
             Rome
             ,
             that
             it
             might
             be
             plac'd
             amongst
             the
             Sacred
             Monuments
             of
             the
             Roman
             Emperors
             .
             And
             embarking
             their
             Army
             as
             Conquerors
             of
             Britain
             ,
             cross'd
             the
             Sea
             ,
             and
             arriv'd
             in
             Gaul
             .
             Thus
             we
             have
             given
             Account
             in
             this
             Book
             ,
             how
             Severus
             dy'd
             ,
             and
             how
             his
             Sons
             succeeded
             him
             in
             the
             Empire
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           
           
             AN
             EPITOME
             OF
             THE
             Fourth
             Book
             .
          
           
             SEverus
             his
             Ashes
             are
             brought
             from
             Britain
             to
             Rome
             ,
             where
             they
             are
             buried
             ,
             and
             he
             is
             Deified
             .
             Antonine
             and
             Geta
             undertake
             the
             Government
             ,
             and
             fall
             into
             such
             Quarrels
             and
             Jealousies
             ,
             that
             they
             were
             once
             about
             dividing
             the
             Empire
             ,
             and
             stating
             the
             Limits
             of
             their
             Territories
             ,
             had
             not
             Julia
             disswaded
             them
             .
             But
             after
             a
             while
             ,
             their
             Animosities
             flaming
             more
             and
             more
             ;
             Antonine
             kills
             Geta
             upon
             the
             Breast
             of
             his
             Mother
             ,
             and
             flies
             to
             the
             Camp
             ,
             where
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             corrupted
             by
             a
             Largess
             ,
             declare
             him
             sole
             Emperor
             .
             He
             exercises
             great
             Cruelties
             towards
             the
             People
             and
             Senate
             :
             Afterwards
             he
             makes
             
             several
             Progresses
             ,
             one
             to
             the
             Banks
             of
             the
             Ister
             ,
             where
             he
             follows
             the
             Fashions
             of
             the
             Germans
             ;
             a
             second
             into
             Macedon
             ,
             where
             he
             personates
             Alexander
             ;
             and
             a
             third
             into
             Asia
             ,
             where
             he
             imitates
             Achilles
             .
             Then
             going
             to
             Alexandria
             ,
             by
             a
             singular
             Instance
             of
             Treachery
             and
             Barbarity
             ,
             he
             cuts
             to
             Pieces
             all
             the
             Citizens
             ;
             and
             afterwards
             entring
             Parthia
             ,
             under
             colour
             of
             a
             Marriage
             to
             be
             solemniz'd
             there
             ,
             surprizes
             the
             Parthians
             ,
             and
             breaking
             the
             League
             ,
             makes
             a
             great
             Slaughter
             of
             them
             ,
             the
             King
             escaping
             with
             great
             Difficulty
             .
             At
             last
             he
             is
             assassinated
             by
             a
             Soldier
             ,
             whose
             Brother
             he
             had
             put
             to
             Death
             ,
             at
             Carrae
             in
             Mesopotamia
             ;
             and
             his
             Ashes
             are
             sent
             to
             Antioch
             to
             his
             Mother
             Julia.
             Then
             Macrinus
             is
             chosen
             Emperor
             ,
             and
             gives
             Battel
             to
             Artabanus
             King
             of
             Parthia
             ,
             which
             continues
             for
             three
             whole
             Days
             ,
             neither
             Side
             obtaining
             any
             Victory
             .
             Afterwards
             he
             makes
             a
             League
             with
             him
             ,
             and
             the
             Parthian
             returns
             home
             ,
             and
             he
             marches
             with
             his
             Forces
             to
             Antioch
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Fourth
             Book
             .
          
           
             WHat
             Severus
             did
             in
             those
             Eighteen
             Years
             in
             which
             he
             was
             Emperor
             ,
             is
             related
             in
             the
             foregoing
             Book
             .
             His
             Sons
             ,
             who
             were
             now
             young
             Men
             ,
             hastned
             to
             Rome
             with
             their
             Mother
             ;
             but
             there
             arose
             such
             Bickerings
             and
             Quarrels
             between
             them
             upon
             the
             Road
             ,
             that
             they
             would
             neither
             eat
             at
             the
             same
             Table
             ,
             nor
             lodge
             in
             the
             same
             Apartment
             ;
             and
             so
             powerful
             was
             the
             Spirit
             of
             Jealousie
             ,
             that
             they
             apprehended
             Poison
             in
             all
             their
             Meats
             and
             Drinks
             ,
             either
             from
             the
             Hands
             of
             one
             another
             ,
             or
             from
             Servants
             corrupted
             to
             that
             purpose
             :
             For
             which
             Reason
             they
             made
             the
             more
             haste
             to
             Rome
             ,
             where
             they
             expected
             to
             live
             in
             greater
             Security
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             Largeness
             of
             the
             Palace
             ,
             which
             consisted
             of
             a
             vast
             Range
             of
             stately
             Buildings
             ,
             exceeding
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             City
             in
             its
             Extent
             .
             This
             being
             divided
             between
             them
             ,
             they
             thought
             they
             might
             
             hold
             their
             Courts
             asunder
             ,
             and
             live
             at
             Pleasure
             .
          
           
             When
             they
             arriv'd
             at
             Rome
             ,
             the
             People
             receiv'd
             them
             with
             the
             Solemnity
             of
             carrying
             Branches
             of
             Laurel
             ,
             the
             Senate
             complimented
             them
             in
             full
             Body
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             Head
             of
             this
             glorious
             Train
             they
             march'd
             in
             their
             Robes
             of
             Purple
             :
             The
             Consuls
             follow'd
             ,
             bearing
             the
             Urn
             wherein
             the
             Ashes
             of
             Severus
             were
             laid
             ;
             and
             complimenting
             the
             new
             Emperors
             ,
             pass'd
             by
             them
             ,
             and
             worshipp'd
             the
             Urn
             ,
             which
             ,
             attended
             with
             all
             the
             Pomp
             and
             Ceremony
             imaginable
             ,
             was
             by
             them
             plac'd
             in
             the
             Temple
             ,
             where
             the
             Sacred
             Monuments
             of
             Marcus
             and
             his
             Predecessors
             are
             to
             be
             seen
             .
          
           
             
               After
               the
               young
               Emperors
               had
               perform'd
               the
               Sacrifices
               customary
               upon
               the
               Accession
               of
               new
               Princes
               to
               the
               Empire
               ,
               they
               retir'd
               to
               the
               Palace
               ,
            
             which
             was
             divided
             into
             distinct
             Courts
             ,
             and
             with
             mighty
             Caution
             shut
             up
             all
             the
             By-ways
             and
             Passages
             ,
             suffering
             only
             the
             great
             Court-gates
             to
             be
             made
             use
             of
             in
             common
             .
             Each
             of
             them
             had
             his
             respective
             
             Life
             guard
             ,
             and
             rarely
             came
             together
             ,
             unless
             it
             was
             for
             a
             short
             time
             ,
             when
             they
             appear'd
             in
             Publick
             .
             Their
             first
             Care
             was
             to
             pay
             the
             Honours
             due
             to
             their
             deceas'd
             Father
             ;
             it
             being
             a
             Custom
             amongst
             the
             Romans
             to
             deifie
             those
             Emperors
             that
             die
             in
             the
             Life
             of
             their
             Sons
             and
             Successors
             .
             This
             Honour
             they
             term
             an
             Apotheosis
             .
             During
             the
             Solemnity
             there
             is
             a
             various
             Face
             of
             Things
             ,
             resulting
             from
             a
             Combination
             of
             Joy
             and
             Sorrow
             in
             the
             City
             :
             For
             the
             dead
             Body
             of
             the
             Emperor
             is
             interr'd
             with
             great
             magnificence
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             Funeral
             Rites
             here
             on
             Earth
             .
             His
             Effigies
             ,
             wrought
             in
             Wax
             ,
             as
             like
             the
             Original
             as
             the
             most
             exquisite
             Art
             can
             make
             it
             ,
             is
             laid
             upon
             a
             high
             and
             stately
             Couch
             of
             Ivory
             ,
             plac'd
             before
             the
             Entrance
             of
             the
             Palace
             ,
             and
             cover'd
             with
             Cloth
             of
             Gold.
             The
             Effigies
             looks
             pale
             ,
             and
             has
             the
             ghastly
             Air
             of
             a
             sick
             Person
             .
             On
             the
             left
             Side
             stand
             all
             the
             Senators
             in
             Mourning
             ;
             on
             the
             right
             ,
             Matrons
             of
             the
             most
             eminent
             Quality
             by
             Birth
             or
             Marriage
             ,
             divested
             of
             their
             Neck-laces
             ,
             Jewels
             ,
             and
             
             all
             the
             Gaieties
             of
             Dress
             ,
             and
             attir'd
             in
             narrow
             white
             Manteaus
             ,
             appearing
             like
             so
             many
             Mourners
             .
             This
             Ceremony
             is
             repeated
             for
             seven
             Days
             successively
             .
             The
             Doctors
             come
             in
             every
             Day
             ,
             and
             approaching
             the
             Couch
             of
             State
             ,
             view
             the
             Patient
             ,
             and
             make
             the
             Report
             still
             that
             the
             Malady
             encreases
             .
             When
             it
             is
             given
             out
             that
             he
             is
             dead
             ,
             certain
             Gentlemen
             and
             Noblemen
             of
             Rome
             are
             chosen
             out
             of
             the
             most
             Illustrious
             Families
             ,
             to
             support
             the
             Couch
             ;
             these
             carry
             it
             along
             the
             Sacred
             Way
             with
             solemn
             Pace
             ,
             till
             they
             bring
             it
             into
             the
             Old
             Forum
             ,
             where
             the
             Magistrates
             of
             Rome
             take
             their
             Oaths
             ,
             upon
             quitting
             their
             Offices
             .
             Here
             are
             Steps
             rais'd
             on
             both
             Sides
             in
             the
             Form
             of
             Stairs
             ;
             on
             the
             one
             Side
             stands
             a
             Chorus
             of
             Noble
             Patrician
             Youths
             ,
             opposite
             to
             these
             are
             Ladies
             of
             Condition
             ,
             both
             which
             sing
             in
             honour
             of
             the
             Dead
             Hymns
             and
             Songs
             set
             to
             doleful
             and
             majestick
             Airs
             ,
             which
             are
             favour'd
             by
             the
             Cadence
             of
             the
             Verse
             .
             After
             this
             ,
             they
             take
             up
             the
             Couch
             again
             ,
             and
             carry
             it
             out
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             into
             the
             middle
             of
             
             the
             
               Campus
               Martius
            
             ,
             where
             there
             was
             a
             Pile
             erected
             of
             Quadrangular
             Figure
             ,
             all
             the
             Sides
             being
             equal
             ,
             and
             the
             Materials
             only
             vast
             Pieces
             of
             Timber
             ,
             fastned
             together
             into
             the
             Form
             of
             an
             House
             .
             The
             Inside
             is
             fill'd
             with
             dry
             combustible
             Matter
             ;
             the
             Outside
             is
             adorn'd
             with
             Cloth
             of
             Gold
             ,
             Statues
             of
             Ivory
             ,
             and
             curious
             Painting
             .
             Below
             this
             stood
             another
             ,
             exactly
             of
             the
             same
             Model
             ,
             and
             beautified
             as
             the
             former
             ,
             with
             its
             Gates
             open
             ;
             and
             so
             a
             third
             ,
             and
             a
             fourth
             ;
             every
             one
             being
             somewhat
             less
             than
             that
             which
             is
             next
             above
             it
             ;
             and
             so
             on
             till
             you
             came
             to
             the
             last
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             lowest
             of
             all
             .
             The
             Model
             of
             these
             Piles
             was
             not
             unlike
             the
             Towers
             that
             are
             built
             over
             Harbours
             ,
             to
             direct
             Mariners
             by
             Lights
             set
             out
             ,
             where
             they
             may
             put
             in
             and
             lie
             securely
             .
             The
             Couch
             was
             plac'd
             upon
             the
             second
             Pile
             ,
             after
             which
             sweet
             Gums
             and
             all
             sorts
             of
             Perfumes
             ,
             with
             Fruits
             and
             Flowers
             of
             the
             most
             fragrant
             Scent
             ,
             were
             heap'd
             upon
             it
             in
             great
             abundance
             :
             For
             there
             is
             no
             Nation
             ,
             City
             ,
             nor
             Private
             Person
             of
             any
             
             considerable
             Quality
             or
             Note
             ,
             but
             is
             very
             zealous
             upon
             this
             Occasion
             to
             testifie
             his
             Respect
             to
             his
             Prince
             by
             these
             last
             Presents
             .
             After
             the
             Place
             was
             fill'd
             with
             these
             Spices
             and
             Gums
             pil'd
             up
             to
             a
             vast
             Heighth
             ,
             all
             the
             Gentlemen
             of
             Rome
             ,
             gallantly
             mounted
             ,
             pranc'd
             and
             curvetted
             about
             the
             Pile
             in
             a
             kind
             of
             Figure
             and
             Order
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             Measures
             of
             the
             Pyrrhick
             Dance
             .
             The
             Chariots
             also
             went
             the
             same
             Round
             ,
             observing
             the
             like
             Decorum
             and
             Order
             .
             The
             Charioteers
             ,
             clad
             in
             Purple
             Robes
             ,
             represented
             the
             Persons
             of
             the
             greatest
             Generals
             and
             Emperors
             of
             Rome
             .
             Then
             he
             that
             is
             to
             succeed
             in
             the
             Empire
             ,
             takes
             a
             Flambeau
             ,
             and
             puts
             it
             to
             the
             Pile
             ;
             after
             which
             the
             Multitude
             set
             Fire
             to
             it
             on
             all
             Sides
             ,
             and
             in
             an
             instant
             the
             whole
             is
             in
             a
             bright
             Flame
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             infinite
             Quantity
             of
             Spices
             ,
             Gums
             ,
             and
             other
             combustible
             Matter
             :
             And
             immediately
             after
             ,
             from
             the
             lowest
             and
             least
             Pile
             ,
             as
             from
             a
             Turret
             ,
             an
             Eagle
             is
             let
             go
             ,
             and
             towring
             with
             the
             Flame
             ,
             takes
             his
             Flight
             towards
             Heaven
             ,
             carrying
             along
             with
             
             him
             ,
             as
             the
             Romans
             perswade
             themselves
             ,
             the
             Soul
             of
             the
             Deified
             Emperor
             ;
             and
             from
             this
             time
             they
             pay
             Adoration
             to
             him
             ,
             as
             to
             one
             of
             their
             Gods.
             
          
           
             As
             soon
             as
             the
             Apotheosis
             was
             finish'd
             ,
             the
             young
             Emperors
             return'd
             to
             the
             Palace
             ,
             and
             from
             that
             time
             were
             perpetually
             clashing
             and
             jarring
             ,
             and
             managing
             Practices
             one
             against
             the
             other
             .
             Each
             sought
             by
             all
             Means
             to
             destroy
             his
             Collegue
             ,
             and
             lodge
             the
             Supreme
             Power
             solely
             in
             himself
             :
             The
             People
             also
             that
             bore
             any
             Dignity
             or
             Employment
             in
             the
             City
             ,
             were
             torn
             into
             different
             Factions
             ;
             both
             the
             Emperors
             by
             secret
             Sollicitations
             and
             Promises
             seeking
             to
             draw
             them
             to
             their
             separate
             Interests
             .
             But
             
             Geta's
             Party
             was
             far
             the
             stronger
             ;
             he
             discover'd
             at
             least
             a
             Dawn
             and
             Semblance
             of
             Honour
             and
             Vertue
             ,
             was
             courteous
             and
             affable
             to
             all
             that
             came
             to
             him
             ;
             his
             Studies
             were
             generous
             ,
             he
             entertain'd
             and
             encourag'd
             Learned
             Men
             ,
             pursu'd
             Wrestling
             and
             other
             Gentleman-like
             Diversions
             ;
             and
             his
             Conversation
             was
             always
             extremely
             easie
             and
             agreeable
             :
             
             By
             these
             Means
             he
             became
             Popular
             ,
             his
             Reputation
             and
             good
             Fame
             gaining
             him
             the
             Love
             and
             Esteem
             of
             the
             People
             .
             On
             the
             other
             Hand
             ,
             Antonine
             was
             rough
             and
             violent
             in
             his
             whole
             Deportment
             ,
             utterly
             averse
             to
             all
             the
             aforementioned
             Qualities
             ,
             a
             pretended
             Admirer
             of
             a
             Military
             Life
             ,
             and
             the
             Hardships
             of
             a
             Campagne
             .
             He
             did
             every
             thing
             in
             Wrath
             ,
             more
             by
             Menaces
             than
             Perswasions
             ,
             rather
             affrighting
             than
             alluring
             Men
             to
             his
             Friendship
             .
          
           
             The
             Mother
             had
             long
             endeavour'd
             to
             reconcile
             her
             two
             Sons
             ,
             that
             were
             thus
             constantly
             interfering
             even
             about
             the
             most
             trivial
             Matters
             :
             But
             all
             her
             Efforts
             prov'd
             ineffectual
             .
             They
             had
             once
             determin'd
             to
             make
             Partition
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             to
             the
             End
             they
             might
             be
             less
             expos'd
             to
             the
             Attempts
             of
             one
             another
             ,
             than
             when
             both
             liv'd
             in
             Rome
             :
             And
             assembling
             their
             Father's
             Friends
             ,
             this
             Point
             was
             debated
             in
             the
             Presence
             of
             their
             Mother
             ;
             and
             they
             came
             at
             last
             to
             this
             Resolution
             ,
             That
             Europe
             
               should
               be
               allotted
               to
            
             Antonine
             ,
             and
             Asia
             to
             Geta
             ;
             
             these
             Continents
             being
             as
             it
             were
             by
             Divine
             Providence
             disterminated
             by
             the
             Propontis
             .
             It
             was
             also
             agreed
             upon
             ,
             That
             Antonine
             
               's
               Army
               should
               lie
               encamped
               at
            
             Byzantium
             ,
             and
             Geta
             
               's
               at
            
             Chalcedon
             in
             Bithvnia
             ;
             
               that
               lying
               opposite
               one
               to
               the
               other
               ,
               they
               might
               guard
               their
               several
               Frontiers
               ,
               and
               hinder
               any
               Descent
               which
               might
               be
               made
               upon
               them
               .
            
             A
             third
             Article
             was
             ,
             
               That
               such
               Senators
               as
               were
            
             Europeans
             
               should
               remain
               at
            
             Rome
             ;
             
               that
               the
               rest
               should
               repair
               to
            
             Geta
             
               's
               Court
               ,
               which
               he
               design'd
               to
               keep
               in
            
             Antioch
             or
             Alexandria
             ,
             
               looking
               upon
               those
               Cities
               as
               little
               inferior
               to
            
             Rome
             
               in
               bigness
               .
               Of
               the
            
             African
             Provinces
             Antonine
             
               was
               to
               have
               the
            
             Moors
             and
             Numidians
             ,
             
               and
               the
               bordering
               Nations
               ;
               and
            
             Geta
             
               the
               rest
               ,
               as
               far
               as
               the
               East
               .
            
          
           
             While
             this
             Matter
             was
             in
             agitation
             ,
             the
             whole
             Assembly
             seem'd
             mightily
             concern'd
             ,
             and
             fix'd
             their
             Eyes
             upon
             the
             Ground
             ;
             but
             Julia
             broke
             out
             into
             this
             tender
             Expostulation
             :
             
               O
               my
               Sons
            
             ,
             says
             she
             ,
             
               you
               have
               found
               out
               Means
               to
               divide
               the
               Lands
               and
               Seas
               ,
               and
               the
            
             Propontis
             ,
             
               you
               say
               ,
               will
               separate
               your
               Territories
               ;
               
               but
               how
               will
               you
               divide
               your
               Mother
               ?
               how
               shall
               wretched
               I
               be
               apportion'd
               and
               carv'd
               between
               you
               ?
               First
               kill
               me
               and
               cut
               me
               to
               Pieces
               ;
               then
               take
               each
               of
               you
               a
               Part
               ,
               and
               bury
               it
               with
               you
               ;
               so
               I
               shall
               be
               shar'd
               between
               you
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               the
               Land
               and
               the
               Sea.
            
             This
             she
             spoke
             with
             all
             the
             Affection
             and
             Concern
             imaginable
             ,
             shedding
             Tears
             all
             the
             Time
             ;
             and
             as
             soon
             as
             she
             had
             done
             ,
             flinging
             her
             Arms
             about
             them
             ,
             and
             embracing
             them
             with
             all
             the
             Endearment
             and
             Tenderness
             of
             a
             fond
             Mother
             ,
             essay'd
             all
             possible
             Ways
             to
             make
             them
             Friends
             .
             This
             stirr'd
             up
             Compassion
             in
             all
             that
             were
             present
             ,
             and
             immediately
             the
             Council
             was
             dissolv'd
             ,
             and
             the
             Proposal
             rejected
             ,
             both
             the
             Emperors
             returning
             to
             their
             Palaces
             .
          
           
             But
             these
             Heats
             and
             Quarrels
             were
             more
             and
             more
             inflam'd
             every
             Day
             :
             Whether
             an
             Employment
             Civil
             or
             Military
             was
             to
             be
             elected
             into
             ,
             each
             stickled
             for
             the
             Promotion
             of
             his
             own
             Creature
             .
             If
             they
             were
             upon
             the
             Bench
             doing
             Justice
             ,
             they
             always
             disagreed
             in
             Opinion
             ,
             to
             the
             no
             small
             prejudice
             of
             
             the
             Parties
             in
             the
             Suit
             depending
             before
             them
             ;
             their
             Decrees
             being
             always
             more
             influenc'd
             by
             their
             own
             Passions
             than
             by
             any
             Regard
             to
             what
             was
             Equitable
             and
             Just
             .
             At
             Publick
             Games
             they
             constantly
             espous'd
             different
             Sides
             ,
             and
             set
             all
             Engines
             at
             work
             against
             one
             anothers
             Life
             ,
             even
             to
             the
             corrupting
             their
             Cooks
             and
             Butlers
             to
             poyson
             their
             several
             Masters
             :
             But
             when
             these
             Designs
             did
             not
             succeed
             so
             fortunately
             as
             they
             could
             have
             wish'd
             ,
             in
             regard
             both
             the
             Emperors
             were
             extremely
             cautious
             what
             they
             eat
             or
             drank
             ,
             Antonine
             grew
             impatient
             ,
             and
             being
             driven
             forward
             by
             an
             irresistible
             Desire
             of
             Ruling
             alone
             ,
             fell
             into
             bloody
             and
             dangerous
             Designs
             ;
             and
             finding
             that
             his
             secret
             Machinations
             fail'd
             of
             bringing
             about
             his
             Ends
             ,
             he
             judg'd
             it
             necessary
             to
             betake
             himself
             to
             Counsels
             that
             were
             more
             hazardous
             and
             desperate
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             his
             Mothers
             extreme
             Fondness
             of
             Geta
             ,
             and
             
             Geta's
             Designs
             upon
             him
             .
             This
             Resolve
             being
             form'd
             ,
             he
             rush'd
             into
             
             Geta's
             Chambers
             ,
             and
             gave
             him
             his
             mortal
             Wound
             upon
             the
             
             Breast
             of
             his
             Mother
             ,
             who
             was
             all
             besmear'd
             with
             his
             Blood.
             
          
           
             Antonine
             ,
             after
             the
             Commission
             of
             this
             horrid
             Murther
             ,
             ran
             through
             the
             Court
             ,
             crying
             aloud
             ,
             
               That
               he
               had
               with
               great
               difficulty
               escap'd
               an
               imminent
               danger
            
             ;
             and
             commanded
             the
             Soldiers
             that
             guarded
             the
             Palace
             instantly
             to
             conduct
             him
             to
             his
             Army
             ,
             affirming
             ,
             
               That
               he
               should
               infallibly
               be
               kill'd
               if
               he
               staid
               in
               the
               Palace
               .
            
             The
             Guards
             believ'd
             him
             ,
             not
             knowing
             what
             had
             hapned
             ,
             and
             ran
             along
             with
             him
             ;
             the
             People
             being
             infinitely
             surpriz'd
             to
             see
             the
             Emperor
             run
             through
             the
             City
             in
             the
             Evening
             in
             that
             Confusion
             .
             As
             soon
             as
             he
             reach'd
             the
             Camp
             ,
             he
             went
             directly
             to
             the
             Place
             where
             the
             Statues
             and
             Gods
             of
             the
             Army
             are
             kept
             ,
             and
             falling
             down
             before
             them
             ,
             render'd
             Thanks
             ,
             and
             sacrific'd
             to
             them
             ,
             as
             for
             some
             signal
             Deliverance
             .
          
           
             As
             soon
             as
             the
             Report
             of
             this
             Adventure
             was
             spread
             about
             the
             Camp
             ,
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             some
             whereof
             were
             in
             the
             Baths
             ,
             others
             in
             their
             Beds
             ,
             ran
             all
             to
             the
             Place
             in
             great
             astonishment
             .
             Here
             
             the
             Emperor
             came
             out
             to
             them
             ,
             but
             did
             not
             presently
             discover
             the
             Truth
             of
             the
             Matter
             ,
             but
             cry'd
             aloud
             ,
             
               That
               he
               had
               avoided
               a
               Danger
               ;
               that
               he
               had
               escap'd
               the
               Attempts
               of
               an
               Enemy
               ,
            
             (
             meaning
             his
             Brother
             )
             
               that
               after
               a
               long
               Dispute
               ,
               his
               Adversaries
               were
               vanquish'd
               ;
               that
               both
               of
               them
               had
               been
               in
               manifest
               Peril
               ,
               but
               Fortune
               had
               at
               last
               declar'd
               him
               sole
               Emperor
               .
            
             Thus
             giving
             indirect
             Hints
             of
             what
             had
             hapned
             ,
             and
             willing
             rather
             that
             they
             should
             suspect
             what
             was
             done
             ,
             than
             that
             he
             should
             inform
             them
             .
          
           
             And
             now
             for
             the
             Security
             of
             his
             Person
             ,
             and
             the
             Establishment
             of
             his
             Empire
             ,
             he
             promis'd
             every
             Soldier
             2500
             
               Attick
               Drachma's
            
             by
             way
             of
             Donative
             ,
             and
             augmented
             their
             Allowance
             of
             Corn
             by
             an
             Addition
             of
             half
             as
             much
             as
             they
             usually
             receiv'd
             ;
             commanding
             them
             to
             march
             to
             the
             Temples
             and
             Exchequers
             ,
             and
             be
             their
             own
             Paymasters
             ;
             thus
             squandring
             in
             one
             Day
             all
             the
             Treasure
             which
             Severus
             had
             amass'd
             in
             Eighteen
             Years
             ,
             by
             the
             Ruin
             and
             Oppression
             of
             his
             Subjects
             .
             The
             Lure
             of
             
             so
             considerable
             a
             Sum
             easily
             tempted
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             who
             understanding
             the
             Truth
             of
             the
             Matter
             from
             the
             Reports
             of
             those
             that
             fled
             out
             of
             the
             Palace
             ,
             and
             took
             care
             to
             publish
             an
             Account
             of
             the
             Murder
             ,
             proclaim'd
             him
             sole
             Emperor
             ,
             declaring
             Geta
             a
             Traytor
             .
             Antonine
             remain'd
             that
             Night
             in
             the
             Temple
             of
             the
             Army
             ;
             but
             the
             next
             Day
             ,
             trusting
             to
             the
             Efficacy
             of
             his
             Largess
             upon
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             he
             adventur'd
             to
             go
             to
             the
             Senate
             ,
             attended
             by
             his
             whole
             Army
             ,
             somewhat
             better
             appointed
             than
             is
             usual
             upon
             the
             like
             Occasions
             .
             After
             he
             had
             entred
             the
             Senate
             ,
             and
             Sacrific'd
             ,
             ascending
             the
             Imperial
             Throne
             ,
             he
             spoke
             to
             the
             following
             effect
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     ANTONINE'S
                     SPEECH
                     .
                  
                   
                     GEntlemen
                     ,
                     I
                     am
                     not
                     ignorant
                     that
                     at
                     first
                     sight
                     Men
                     look
                     upon
                     the
                     Murder
                     of
                     a
                     Domestick
                     with
                     Abhorrence
                     and
                     Detestation
                     :
                     The
                     very
                     Name
                     ,
                     upon
                     the
                     first
                     mention
                     ,
                     is
                     apt
                     to
                     draw
                     the
                     severest
                     Censure
                     on
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     guilty
                     of
                     the
                     Crime
                     .
                     Envy
                     
                     does
                     not
                     oftner
                     pursue
                     the
                     Victor
                     ,
                     than
                     Compassion
                     attends
                     the
                     Vanquish'd
                     :
                     These
                     always
                     seem
                     to
                     be
                     injur'd
                     ,
                     and
                     those
                     are
                     still
                     the
                     Wrong-doers
                     .
                     But
                     if
                     a
                     Man
                     would
                     impartially
                     consider
                     ,
                     and
                     without
                     Prejudice
                     in
                     favour
                     of
                     him
                     that
                     is
                     dead
                     ,
                     weigh
                     the
                     Matter
                     of
                     Fact
                     ,
                     with
                     the
                     Occasion
                     and
                     Design
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     he
                     will
                     find
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     both
                     rational
                     and
                     necessary
                     to
                     anticipate
                     a
                     Mischief
                     we
                     have
                     just
                     Reason
                     to
                     apprehend
                     ,
                     by
                     a
                     timely
                     Revenge
                     ,
                     rather
                     than
                     tamely
                     to
                     attend
                     till
                     it
                     fall
                     upon
                     us
                     .
                     In
                     this
                     Case
                     ,
                     the
                     Misery
                     of
                     the
                     Wretch
                     that
                     suffers
                     ,
                     is
                     aggravated
                     by
                     the
                     Reproach
                     of
                     Cowardice
                     :
                     Whereas
                     ,
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     hand
                     ,
                     the
                     Reputation
                     of
                     Valour
                     which
                     accrues
                     to
                     the
                     Conqueror
                     ,
                     enhances
                     the
                     Benefit
                     of
                     his
                     Deliverance
                     .
                     Now
                     ,
                     Gentlemen
                     ,
                     what
                     Attempts
                     he
                     has
                     made
                     against
                     my
                     Life
                     by
                     Poyson
                     ,
                     and
                     what
                     other
                     Plots
                     he
                     has
                     form'd
                     against
                     me
                     ,
                     you
                     may
                     examine
                     ,
                     by
                     putting
                     his
                     Servants
                     to
                     the
                     Question
                     ,
                     whom
                     for
                     that
                     Reason
                     I
                     have
                     commanded
                     to
                     give
                     their
                     Attendances
                     in
                     this
                     Place
                     ,
                     that
                     you
                     might
                     be
                     throughly
                     inform'd
                     of
                     the
                     Truth
                     .
                     Some
                     of
                     them
                     have
                     been
                     tortur'd
                     already
                     ,
                     whose
                     Confessions
                     you
                     may
                     order
                     to
                     be
                     read
                     .
                     But
                     at
                     last
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     Presence
                     of
                     my
                     
                     Mother
                     he
                     set
                     upon
                     me
                     ,
                     being
                     seconded
                     by
                     several
                     Ruffians
                     with
                     drawn
                     Swords
                     ,
                     who
                     were
                     prepar'd
                     to
                     commit
                     this
                     Villainy
                     .
                     I
                     had
                     indeed
                     ,
                     by
                     my
                     extraordinary
                     Caution
                     and
                     Sagacity
                     ,
                     discover'd
                     his
                     Traiterous
                     Intentions
                     ,
                     and
                     treated
                     him
                     as
                     a
                     profess'd
                     Enemy
                     ,
                     after
                     he
                     had
                     renounc'd
                     all
                     that
                     Affection
                     and
                     Kindness
                     that
                     is
                     due
                     from
                     a
                     Brother
                     ,
                     and
                     acted
                     very
                     unsuitably
                     to
                     that
                     Relation
                     .
                     To
                     chastise
                     an
                     unlawful
                     Aggressor
                     ,
                     is
                     not
                     only
                     just
                     ,
                     but
                     what
                     is
                     approv'd
                     by
                     the
                     general
                     Practice
                     of
                     Mankind
                     .
                     An
                     Instance
                     of
                     this
                     we
                     have
                     in
                     Romulus
                     the
                     Founder
                     of
                     this
                     City
                     ,
                     who
                     could
                     not
                     put
                     up
                     the
                     Affront
                     of
                     his
                     Brother
                     ,
                     that
                     only
                     reflected
                     upon
                     what
                     he
                     had
                     built
                     .
                     I
                     pass
                     over
                     Germanicus
                     ,
                     Brother
                     to
                     Nero
                     ;
                     and
                     Titus
                     ,
                     Brother
                     to
                     
                       Domitian
                       .
                       Marcus
                    
                     himself
                     ,
                     tho'
                     a
                     Man
                     of
                     great
                     Wisdom
                     and
                     Temper
                     ,
                     resented
                     the
                     Indignity
                     put
                     upon
                     him
                     by
                     Lucius
                     his
                     Son
                     in-Law
                     so
                     highly
                     ,
                     that
                     nothing
                     less
                     than
                     his
                     Ruine
                     could
                     atone
                     for
                     it
                     ,
                     which
                     he
                     afterwards
                     contriv'd
                     .
                     But
                     I
                     ,
                     justly
                     alarm'd
                     by
                     the
                     manifest
                     Danger
                     I
                     was
                     in
                     from
                     the
                     Poyson
                     and
                     Sword
                     that
                     threatned
                     me
                     ,
                     have
                     executed
                     Vengeance
                     upon
                     an
                     Enemy
                     ,
                     his
                     Behaviour
                     
                     having
                     pronounc'd
                     him
                     such
                     .
                     'T
                     is
                     your
                     Duty
                     ,
                     on
                     this
                     Occasion
                     ,
                     to
                     return
                     Thanks
                     to
                     the
                     Immortal
                     Gods
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     preserving
                     one
                     of
                     your
                     Emperors
                     ,
                     to
                     suppress
                     the
                     Spirit
                     of
                     Faction
                     and
                     Division
                     reigning
                     amongst
                     you
                     ;
                     and
                     having
                     only
                     one
                     Prince
                     ,
                     unanimously
                     to
                     support
                     his
                     Interests
                     ,
                     and
                     enjoy
                     the
                     common
                     Benefit
                     of
                     Repose
                     and
                     Security
                     .
                     As
                     Jove
                     alone
                     hath
                     all
                     the
                     Power
                     above
                     ,
                     so
                     't
                     is
                     his
                     Pleasure
                     there
                     should
                     be
                     one
                     only
                     Potentate
                     on
                     Earth
                     .
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             Having
             thus
             spoke
             in
             a
             loud
             Voice
             and
             great
             Rage
             ,
             frowning
             all
             the
             time
             upon
             his
             Brother's
             Friends
             ,
             he
             return'd
             in
             haste
             to
             his
             Palace
             ,
             leaving
             most
             of
             the
             Senators
             under
             great
             Terrors
             and
             Apprehensions
             ,
             and
             instantly
             massacred
             all
             his
             Brother's
             Adherents
             ,
             Ministers
             ,
             and
             Menial
             Servants
             ,
             that
             were
             in
             or
             about
             his
             Palace
             ,
             without
             any
             respect
             to
             Age
             ,
             his
             Cruelty
             extending
             even
             to
             Infants
             .
             Their
             dead
             Bodies
             were
             contemptuously
             thrown
             into
             Carts
             ,
             and
             hurried
             out
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             where
             they
             were
             burnt
             in
             Heaps
             ,
             without
             the
             Decency
             
             of
             common
             Ceremonies
             .
             No
             Man
             escap'd
             that
             had
             the
             least
             Acquaintance
             with
             Geta.
             All
             Wrestlers
             ,
             Charioteers
             ,
             Players
             ,
             Buffoons
             ,
             Singers
             ,
             Dancers
             ,
             that
             had
             any
             way
             contributed
             to
             his
             Diversion
             ,
             were
             all
             sacrific'd
             to
             his
             present
             Fury
             .
             Men
             that
             were
             of
             the
             highest
             Consideration
             in
             the
             Senate
             for
             Quality
             and
             Estate
             ,
             he
             put
             to
             Death
             for
             slight
             or
             no
             Reasons
             ,
             upon
             any
             trivial
             Information
             exhibited
             against
             them
             ,
             under
             the
             Notion
             of
             
             Geta's
             Adherents
             .
             He
             also
             put
             to
             death
             
             Commodus's
             Sister
             ,
             an
             aged
             Lady
             ,
             to
             whom
             the
             other
             Emperors
             had
             paid
             a
             singular
             Deference
             ,
             in
             regard
             of
             her
             near
             Alliance
             to
             Marcus
             ,
             whose
             Daughter
             she
             was
             .
             Her
             Crime
             was
             ,
             the
             condoling
             with
             his
             Mother
             upon
             the
             Murder
             of
             her
             Son
             Geta.
             Besides
             these
             ,
             he
             caus'd
             to
             be
             murder'd
             
             Plautian's
             Daughter
             his
             late
             Wife
             ,
             who
             was
             at
             that
             time
             in
             Sicily
             ,
             his
             own
             Cousin-german
             Severus
             ,
             together
             with
             
             Pertinax's
             Son
             ,
             and
             the
             Son
             of
             Lucilla
             Commodus's
             Sister
             ;
             and
             ,
             in
             short
             ,
             utterly
             extirpated
             and
             extinguish'd
             the
             Imperial
             
             Line
             ,
             with
             the
             whole
             Patrician
             Nobility
             .
             From
             hence
             his
             Fury
             pass'd
             over
             into
             the
             Provinces
             ,
             where
             ,
             by
             his
             Orders
             ,
             were
             dispatch'd
             all
             the
             Prefects
             and
             Procurators
             ,
             whom
             he
             charg'd
             with
             the
             having
             been
             in
             
             Geta's
             Interests
             .
             Whole
             Nights
             were
             spent
             in
             the
             executing
             his
             cruel
             Decrees
             .
             He
             buried
             the
             Vestal
             Virgins
             alive
             for
             pretended
             Breaches
             of
             their
             Vow
             of
             Chastity
             ,
             which
             he
             arraign'd
             them
             of
             .
             Lastly
             ,
             (
             which
             was
             a
             Cruelty
             absolutely
             without
             Precedent
             )
             at
             the
             Circensian
             Games
             ,
             where
             he
             was
             present
             in
             Person
             ,
             when
             some
             of
             the
             Mob
             threw
             out
             some
             Words
             to
             the
             disadvantage
             of
             a
             Charioteer
             that
             he
             favour'd
             ,
             considering
             this
             as
             a
             Contempt
             offer'd
             to
             himself
             ,
             he
             pour'd
             his
             whole
             Army
             upon
             them
             ,
             with
             positive
             Order
             to
             cut
             in
             pieces
             all
             those
             that
             had
             presum'd
             to
             say
             any
             thing
             against
             his
             Charioteer
             .
             The
             Soldiers
             having
             thus
             a
             Power
             put
             into
             their
             Hands
             to
             slay
             and
             pillage
             the
             People
             with
             Authority
             ,
             and
             it
             being
             impossible
             to
             distinguish
             the
             Innocent
             from
             the
             Guilty
             ,
             in
             so
             great
             a
             Multitude
             ,
             where
             
             none
             would
             confess
             the
             Fact
             ,
             they
             murder'd
             all
             without
             Mercy
             or
             Distinction
             ,
             or
             took
             what
             they
             had
             from
             them
             by
             way
             of
             Ransom
             ,
             and
             then
             suffer'd
             them
             to
             escape
             ,
             tho'
             with
             great
             Difficulty
             .
          
           
             Antonine
             ,
             upon
             review
             of
             these
             Actions
             ,
             felt
             great
             Remorses
             of
             Conscience
             ,
             and
             his
             Stay
             in
             the
             City
             became
             irksom
             and
             uneasie
             to
             him
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             he
             determin'd
             to
             leave
             it
             for
             some
             time
             ,
             which
             he
             did
             under
             pretence
             of
             regulating
             Affairs
             relating
             to
             the
             Army
             ,
             and
             of
             visiting
             the
             Provinces
             .
             So
             he
             parted
             from
             Italy
             ,
             and
             came
             to
             the
             Banks
             of
             the
             Ister
             ,
             and
             the
             Northern
             Parts
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             where
             he
             exercis'd
             himself
             in
             Chariot-driving
             ,
             and
             Combating
             with
             all
             sorts
             of
             Wild
             Beasts
             .
             He
             seldom
             sat
             in
             the
             Courts
             of
             Justice
             ;
             and
             when
             he
             did
             ,
             his
             Judgments
             were
             hasty
             ,
             often
             passing
             Sentence
             before
             he
             had
             heard
             the
             Merits
             of
             the
             Cause
             .
             He
             won
             the
             Hearts
             of
             all
             the
             Germans
             ,
             and
             made
             a
             strict
             League
             and
             Friendship
             with
             them
             ;
             he
             made
             them
             also
             his
             Confederates
             in
             his
             Wars
             ,
             and
             chose
             the
             goodliest
             and
             
             strongest
             amongst
             them
             to
             be
             of
             his
             Life-guard
             .
             He
             often
             put
             off
             his
             Roman
             Habit
             ,
             and
             dress'd
             himself
             after
             the
             Fashion
             of
             the
             Germans
             ,
             frequently
             appear'd
             in
             a
             German
             Cloak
             ,
             curiously
             flower'd
             with
             Silver
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             Mode
             of
             that
             Country
             :
             He
             likewise
             wore
             Yellow
             Hair
             ,
             which
             had
             also
             the
             German
             Cut.
             These
             Condescensions
             gain'd
             wonderfully
             upon
             the
             Germans
             ,
             and
             made
             the
             Emperor
             the
             Darling
             of
             that
             Barbarous
             People
             .
             Nor
             was
             he
             less
             dear
             to
             his
             own
             Soldiers
             ,
             whose
             Affections
             he
             gain'd
             chiefly
             by
             the
             profuse
             Largesses
             which
             he
             dealt
             amongst
             them
             ,
             and
             by
             his
             reducing
             himself
             to
             a
             Level
             with
             the
             rest
             of
             his
             Soldiers
             :
             For
             if
             a
             Trench
             was
             to
             be
             made
             ,
             or
             Bridge
             to
             be
             built
             ,
             or
             Rampart
             to
             be
             cast
             up
             ,
             or
             any
             thing
             to
             be
             done
             that
             requir'd
             Bodily
             Labour
             ,
             he
             was
             still
             the
             first
             Man
             that
             set
             the
             rest
             an
             Example
             .
             He
             eat
             at
             a
             very
             mean
             Table
             ;
             the
             Cups
             and
             Dishes
             he
             was
             serv'd
             in
             were
             made
             of
             Wood
             ;
             his
             Bread
             was
             course
             ordinary
             Cakes
             ;
             his
             Custom
             was
             to
             grind
             
             as
             much
             Corn
             with
             his
             own
             Hand
             as
             was
             sufficient
             for
             one
             Man
             ,
             and
             to
             knead
             it
             into
             a
             Cake
             ,
             and
             bake
             it
             upon
             the
             Coals
             .
             He
             abstain'd
             from
             all
             sorts
             of
             Delicacies
             ,
             and
             confin'd
             himself
             to
             as
             course
             a
             Fare
             as
             serves
             the
             poorest
             Common
             Soldier
             .
             He
             always
             appear'd
             more
             pleas'd
             when
             they
             call'd
             him
             Fellow
             Soldier
             ,
             than
             when
             he
             was
             accosted
             by
             the
             Title
             of
             Emperor
             .
             For
             the
             most
             part
             he
             travell'd
             on
             Foot
             ,
             very
             rarely
             rid
             on
             Horseback
             or
             in
             his
             Coach
             ,
             carry'd
             his
             own
             Arms
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             the
             Standard
             ,
             which
             was
             adorn'd
             with
             Bosses
             of
             Gold
             ,
             and
             was
             so
             heavy
             ,
             that
             't
             was
             a
             Load
             for
             the
             strongest
             Soldier
             in
             the
             Army
             .
             For
             these
             and
             the
             like
             Reasons
             he
             was
             extremely
             belov'd
             and
             admir'd
             by
             his
             Army
             ,
             as
             a
             brave
             Man
             ,
             and
             a
             good
             Soldier
             ;
             and
             't
             was
             almost
             a
             Miracle
             that
             so
             small
             a
             Body
             as
             his
             was
             should
             endure
             such
             mighty
             Hardships
             .
          
           
             After
             he
             had
             review'd
             his
             Army
             on
             the
             Ister
             ,
             he
             pass'd
             over
             into
             Thrace
             that
             borders
             upon
             Macedon
             .
             Here
             he
             commenc'd
             an
             
               Alexander
               Redivivus
            
             ,
             and
             endeavour'd
             
             by
             all
             Means
             to
             renew
             the
             Memory
             of
             that
             Prince
             .
             He
             commanded
             his
             Images
             and
             Statues
             to
             be
             erected
             in
             all
             the
             Cities
             ;
             Rome
             it self
             ,
             the
             Capitol
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             Temples
             were
             fill'd
             with
             them
             .
             These
             Honours
             were
             paid
             him
             in
             consideration
             of
             an
             Alliance
             to
             him
             which
             the
             Emperor
             pretended
             to
             .
             I
             have
             seen
             very
             ridiculous
             Pictures
             ,
             with
             one
             entire
             Body
             and
             Head
             ,
             and
             two
             Half-Faces
             ,
             the
             one
             representing
             Alexander
             ,
             the
             other
             Antonine
             .
             He
             appear'd
             abroad
             in
             a
             Macedonian
             Habit
             ,
             with
             a
             Turban
             on
             his
             Head
             ,
             and
             Slippers
             fastned
             to
             his
             Feet
             .
             He
             had
             a
             Regiment
             compos'd
             of
             the
             Flower
             of
             his
             Army
             ,
             which
             he
             call'd
             the
             
               Macedonian
               Phalanx
            
             ,
             and
             commanded
             the
             Officers
             to
             take
             upon
             them
             the
             Names
             of
             
               Alexander's
               Captains
            
             .
             He
             also
             sent
             for
             Young
             Men
             to
             Sparta
             ,
             and
             call'd
             them
             the
             Laconick
             and
             
               Pitanite
               Bands
            
             .
          
           
             After
             he
             had
             done
             this
             ,
             and
             put
             all
             Things
             in
             the
             Cities
             in
             as
             good
             a
             Method
             as
             they
             were
             capable
             of
             ,
             he
             took
             his
             way
             for
             Pergamus
             ,
             a
             City
             of
             Asia
             ,
             
             in
             order
             to
             have
             the
             Benefit
             of
             
             Aesculapius's
             healing
             Influence
             .
             After
             he
             was
             arriv'd
             here
             ,
             and
             had
             follow'd
             his
             own
             Caprichio's
             as
             long
             as
             he
             thought
             fit
             ,
             he
             set
             out
             towards
             Ilium
             :
             Here
             he
             survey'd
             the
             Ruines
             of
             that
             Place
             ,
             and
             visitted
             
             Achilles's
             Tomb
             ,
             which
             he
             adorn'd
             most
             curiously
             with
             Chaplets
             and
             Flowers
             of
             all
             sorts
             .
             Here
             he
             set
             up
             for
             a
             second
             Achilles
             ,
             and
             being
             at
             a
             loss
             for
             a
             Patroclus
             ,
             supply'd
             the
             Want
             by
             this
             Shift
             .
             Festus
             ,
             his
             Favourite
             Freed-man
             ,
             and
             Remembrancer-general
             ,
             dy'd
             while
             he
             was
             at
             Ilium
             ;
             some
             say
             indeed
             he
             was
             poyson'd
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             he
             might
             be
             interr'd
             in
             the
             same
             manner
             that
             Patroclus
             had
             been
             ;
             yet
             others
             say
             he
             dy'd
             naturally
             .
             His
             dead
             Body
             was
             order'd
             to
             be
             brought
             out
             ,
             and
             a
             Funeral
             Pile
             to
             be
             rais'd
             of
             Wood
             ;
             the
             Corps
             was
             laid
             upon
             the
             middle
             of
             the
             Pile
             ,
             and
             Beasts
             of
             all
             Kinds
             were
             slain
             ;
             after
             which
             the
             Emperor
             set
             Fire
             to
             the
             Pile
             ,
             and
             holding
             a
             Vial
             in
             his
             Hand
             ,
             sacrific'd
             Wine
             ,
             and
             pray'd
             to
             the
             Winds
             .
             His
             Hair
             was
             extremely
             thin
             ,
             and
             it
             was
             
             very
             ridiculous
             to
             see
             the
             Emperor
             cut
             it
             off
             and
             cast
             it
             into
             the
             Fire
             ,
             and
             very
             much
             diverted
             those
             that
             look'd
             on
             .
             He
             extoll'd
             the
             
               Roman
               Sylla
            
             ,
             and
             
               African
               Hannibal
            
             ,
             above
             all
             the
             Generals
             of
             all
             Ages
             ;
             and
             to
             demonstrate
             his
             high
             Opinion
             of
             them
             ,
             commanded
             their
             Statues
             to
             be
             erected
             .
          
           
             Departing
             from
             Ilium
             ,
             he
             pass'd
             through
             Asia
             and
             Bithynia
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             Provinces
             ;
             and
             taking
             such
             Measures
             as
             were
             necessary
             for
             the
             Settlement
             of
             Affairs
             in
             those
             Parts
             ,
             he
             arriv'd
             at
             Antioch
             .
             Here
             he
             was
             receiv'd
             very
             splendidly
             ;
             and
             having
             staid
             some
             time
             ,
             took
             his
             Journey
             for
             Alexandria
             ,
             pretending
             a
             mighty
             Desire
             of
             visiting
             that
             City
             ,
             of
             which
             Alexander
             was
             the
             Founder
             ,
             and
             of
             consulting
             a
             Deity
             ,
             to
             which
             the
             Inhabitants
             pay
             so
             singular
             a
             Veneration
             .
             These
             were
             the
             Colours
             he
             gave
             to
             this
             Expedition
             .
             And
             to
             the
             end
             it
             might
             give
             no
             Jealousie
             to
             the
             People
             ,
             he
             order'd
             Provision
             to
             be
             made
             of
             Hecatombs
             and
             all
             manner
             of
             Sacrifices
             .
             The
             Alexandrians
             ,
             upon
             notice
             of
             
             the
             Visit
             which
             the
             Emperor
             design'd
             them
             ,
             being
             naturally
             light
             ,
             and
             apt
             to
             be
             mov'd
             by
             every
             Breath
             of
             Air
             ,
             were
             perfectly
             ecstasy'd
             ,
             especially
             when
             they
             understood
             what
             Zeal
             and
             Affection
             the
             Emperor
             had
             testified
             for
             them
             .
             And
             now
             Preparations
             were
             making
             for
             his
             Reception
             ,
             which
             they
             had
             resolv'd
             should
             be
             more
             magnificent
             than
             ever
             had
             been
             made
             for
             any
             Prince
             .
             In
             order
             to
             this
             ,
             Masters
             of
             Musick
             were
             dispos'd
             in
             all
             Parts
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             with
             Instruments
             of
             differing
             Kinds
             ;
             and
             from
             this
             Variety
             of
             Sounds
             resulted
             a
             most
             delightful
             Harmony
             .
             The
             Air
             was
             sweetned
             with
             Perfumes
             and
             sweet
             Gums
             in
             all
             the
             Entrances
             into
             the
             Town
             .
             Flowers
             were
             strew'd
             ,
             and
             Flambeau's
             were
             carried
             before
             him
             .
             He
             made
             his
             Entry
             with
             his
             whole
             Army
             ,
             and
             went
             in
             the
             first
             place
             to
             the
             Temple
             ,
             where
             he
             sacrific'd
             great
             Numbers
             of
             Victims
             ,
             and
             heap'd
             Incense
             upon
             the
             Altars
             .
             From
             hence
             he
             went
             to
             the
             Tomb
             of
             Alexander
             ,
             where
             he
             offer'd
             up
             his
             Purple
             Robes
             ,
             and
             Belt
             ,
             
             and
             Rings
             set
             with
             Stones
             of
             great
             Price
             ,
             and
             whatever
             else
             he
             had
             about
             him
             that
             was
             of
             extraordinary
             Value
             ,
             and
             laid
             them
             upon
             the
             Tomb.
             The
             People
             seeing
             this
             ,
             were
             overjoy'd
             ,
             and
             dedicated
             their
             whole
             Time
             to
             Revelling
             and
             Jollity
             ,
             little
             suspecting
             the
             secret
             Intentions
             of
             the
             Emperor
             .
          
           
             But
             all
             this
             was
             only
             a
             Varnish
             to
             disguise
             his
             hidden
             Purposes
             ,
             which
             were
             utterly
             to
             destroy
             all
             the
             Inhabitants
             .
             The
             Cause
             of
             his
             secret
             Hatred
             to
             them
             was
             this
             .
             He
             had
             been
             inform'd
             while
             he
             was
             in
             Rome
             ,
             that
             both
             before
             and
             after
             his
             Brothers
             Death
             ,
             they
             had
             often
             jested
             very
             irreverently
             upon
             him
             .
             They
             are
             a
             People
             naturally
             addicted
             to
             drolling
             ,
             and
             making
             Satyrical
             Touches
             on
             Things
             and
             Men
             ,
             not
             sparing
             even
             the
             most
             eminent
             .
             They
             look
             upon
             it
             only
             as
             pleasant
             Raillery
             ;
             but
             it
             galls
             those
             to
             the
             quick
             who
             are
             made
             the
             Subjects
             of
             it
             ,
             especially
             if
             it
             have
             some
             Ground
             of
             Truth
             ;
             for
             those
             Jests
             still
             make
             the
             deepest
             Wounds
             ,
             that
             touch
             upon
             a
             real
             Guilt
             .
             They
             had
             
             frequently
             made
             very
             scurrilous
             Reflections
             upon
             him
             ,
             not
             waving
             even
             the
             Subject
             of
             his
             Brother's
             Murder
             .
             His
             Mother
             they
             call'd
             in
             contempt
             Jocasta
             ,
             and
             ridicul'd
             him
             for
             pretending
             to
             personate
             Achilles
             and
             Alexander
             ,
             the
             mightiest
             and
             most
             valorous
             Hero's
             of
             Antiquity
             ,
             himself
             coming
             so
             far
             short
             of
             the
             ordinary
             Proportion
             of
             Men.
             These
             things
             were
             highly
             disobliging
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             incens'd
             him
             to
             that
             degree
             ,
             being
             naturally
             cholerick
             and
             sanguinary
             ,
             that
             he
             resolv'd
             to
             contrive
             their
             Destruction
             .
          
           
             After
             the
             Festival
             Jollity
             was
             over
             ,
             the
             Town
             being
             very
             full
             of
             People
             which
             resorted
             thither
             from
             all
             Quarters
             ,
             he
             put
             out
             an
             Edict
             ,
             commanding
             all
             the
             Young
             Men
             in
             the
             City
             to
             rendezvous
             on
             a
             certain
             Plain
             ,
             setting
             forth
             his
             Intention
             of
             constituting
             a
             Phalanx
             in
             Honour
             of
             Alexander
             ,
             that
             as
             he
             had
             a
             Spartan
             and
             a
             
               Macedonian
               Phalanx
            
             ,
             so
             he
             would
             have
             another
             which
             should
             bear
             the
             Name
             of
             that
             Heroe
             .
             He
             order'd
             them
             also
             to
             marshal
             themselves
             into
             Ranks
             ,
             and
             to
             stand
             at
             
             a
             convenient
             Distance
             one
             from
             another
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             the
             better
             take
             a
             View
             of
             them
             ,
             and
             upon
             consideration
             of
             their
             Age
             ,
             Stature
             ,
             and
             Make
             of
             Body
             ,
             judge
             which
             would
             be
             the
             fittest
             for
             his
             Service
             .
             The
             Alexandrian
             Youth
             easily
             believ'd
             him
             ,
             and
             conceiv'd
             mighty
             Hopes
             ,
             as
             they
             might
             do
             upon
             very
             good
             Grounds
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             that
             extraordinary
             Respect
             which
             he
             had
             shewn
             the
             City
             ;
             and
             assembled
             in
             great
             Numbers
             at
             the
             Place
             appointed
             ,
             together
             with
             their
             Fathers
             and
             Brothers
             ,
             very
             much
             rejoicing
             at
             their
             fair
             Prospects
             .
             When
             they
             were
             rang'd
             ,
             the
             Emperor
             walk'd
             in
             amongst
             them
             ,
             laying
             his
             Hand
             upon
             them
             as
             he
             pass'd
             by
             ,
             and
             commending
             one
             thing
             in
             one
             Man
             ,
             and
             another
             thing
             in
             another
             ,
             till
             they
             were
             all
             enclos'd
             by
             his
             Army
             before
             they
             were
             aware
             of
             any
             such
             Design
             .
             As
             soon
             as
             the
             Emperor
             perceiv'd
             that
             his
             Army
             had
             encompass'd
             them
             ,
             and
             that
             they
             were
             all
             enclos'd
             as
             it
             were
             in
             a
             Net
             ,
             he
             withdrew
             from
             amongst
             them
             with
             the
             Guard
             that
             attended
             him
             ,
             and
             giving
             
             the
             Signal
             to
             his
             Soldiers
             ,
             they
             instantly
             fell
             upon
             them
             ,
             being
             without
             Arms
             ,
             and
             surrounded
             and
             cut
             them
             all
             to
             pieces
             ,
             with
             all
             the
             other
             Multitude
             that
             were
             there
             assembled
             .
             Some
             of
             the
             Soldiers
             carried
             on
             the
             Tragedy
             of
             the
             Day
             ,
             others
             dragg'd
             the
             dead
             Bodies
             into
             the
             Pits
             that
             they
             had
             dug
             for
             that
             purpose
             ;
             after
             which
             they
             rais'd
             over
             them
             a
             great
             Tumulus
             of
             Earth
             .
             Some
             that
             were
             hurried
             into
             these
             Pits
             ,
             were
             but
             half
             dead
             ;
             others
             were
             not
             so
             much
             as
             wounded
             .
             Great
             Numbers
             of
             the
             Soldiers
             also
             perish'd
             ;
             for
             those
             that
             had
             any
             Remains
             of
             Life
             and
             Force
             ,
             fastned
             upon
             those
             that
             push'd
             them
             into
             the
             Pits
             ,
             and
             pull'd
             them
             down
             along
             with
             them
             .
             The
             Slaughter
             was
             so
             great
             ,
             that
             all
             the
             Plain
             was
             floated
             with
             Blood
             ,
             which
             discharging
             it self
             into
             the
             Sea
             and
             the
             Nile
             ,
             discolour'd
             the
             Mouth
             of
             that
             mighty
             River
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             Neighbouring
             Shore
             .
          
           
             
               After
               the
               Emperor
               had
               thus
               executed
               his
               Revenge
               on
               the
            
             Alexandrians
             ,
             
               he
               left
               that
               City
               ,
               and
               return'd
               to
            
             Antioch
             ;
             
               and
               
               soon
               after
               extremely
               affecting
               the
               Surname
               of
            
             Parthicus
             ,
             
               and
               the
               Glory
               of
               Conquering
               the
               Eastern
               Barbarians
               ,
               in
               the
               profoundest
               Tranquillity
               he
               fram'd
               this
               Project
               .
               He
               sent
               Ambassadors
               with
               Letters
               and
               rich
               Presents
               to
            
             Artabanus
             
               King
               of
            
             Parthia
             ;
             
               in
               his
               Letters
               he
               demanded
               his
               Daughter
               in
               Marriage
               ,
               and
               set
               forth
               at
               large
               ,
            
             That
             he
             was
             an
             Emperor
             ,
             and
             the
             Son
             of
             an
             Emperor
             ;
             that
             he
             could
             not
             marry
             the
             Daughter
             of
             a
             Private
             Person
             ;
             that
             his
             Station
             in
             the
             World
             oblig'd
             him
             to
             match
             with
             some
             Queen
             or
             Princess
             of
             high
             Birth
             ;
             that
             the
             Roman
             and
             Parthian
             Empires
             were
             the
             greatest
             in
             the
             World
             ;
             that
             if
             the
             two
             Crowns
             were
             united
             and
             cemented
             by
             this
             Alliance
             into
             one
             Empire
             ,
             without
             any
             Rivers
             or
             Boundaries
             to
             divide
             them
             ,
             as
             heretofore
             ,
             the
             whole
             World
             beside
             would
             not
             be
             able
             to
             balance
             their
             Powers
             in
             Conjunction
             ;
             that
             the
             Barbarous
             Nations
             that
             are
             subject
             to
             both
             Empires
             would
             be
             easily
             kept
             within
             the
             Bounds
             of
             their
             Duty
             ,
             provided
             they
             were
             suffer'd
             to
             enjoy
             their
             own
             Governors
             and
             Constitutions
             ;
             that
             the
             Roman
             Infantry
             and
             Pike-men
             were
             
             the
             best
             in
             the
             World
             for
             a
             close
             Engagement
             ;
             that
             the
             Parthians
             excell'd
             all
             other
             Nations
             in
             the
             Force
             of
             their
             Cavalry
             ,
             and
             the
             Dexterity
             of
             their
             Archers
             ;
             that
             these
             Things
             concurring
             with
             a
             Provision
             of
             all
             War-like
             Stores
             ,
             would
             put
             them
             in
             a
             Capacity
             of
             establishing
             and
             maintaining
             with
             ease
             an
             Universal
             Monarchy
             ;
             that
             whereas
             heretofore
             the
             Parthian
             Spices
             and
             Silks
             ,
             and
             the
             Metals
             and
             curious
             Manufactures
             of
             the
             Romans
             ,
             were
             only
             imported
             by
             Merchants
             ,
             and
             that
             very
             rarely
             ,
             and
             by
             stealth
             ,
             that
             after
             this
             Union
             there
             should
             be
             a
             free
             and
             open
             Use
             and
             Intercourse
             of
             all
             Things
             whatsoever
             between
             the
             two
             Nations
             .
          
           
             Upon
             receipt
             of
             the
             Letters
             ,
             the
             Parthian
             at
             first
             refus'd
             to
             accord
             him
             his
             Demands
             ,
             and
             remonstrated
             to
             him
             the
             Inconveniences
             of
             a
             Match
             between
             a
             Roman
             and
             one
             that
             was
             Barbarous
             ;
             
               That
               it
               would
               be
               impossible
               for
               them
               to
               agree
               ,
               each
               being
               an
               utter
               Stranger
               to
               the
               others
               Language
               ,
               and
               their
               Diet
               and
               Habit
               so
               vastly
               different
               ;
               that
               he
               had
               Noble
               men
               in
            
             Rome
             
               whose
               Daughters
               he
               might
               take
               to
               Wife
               ,
               as
               he
               had
               his
            
             Arsacidae
             ;
             
               that
               it
               was
               
               not
               convenient
               their
               Blood
               should
               be
               corrupted
               by
               any
               Foreign
               Mixture
               .
            
             These
             were
             the
             Reasons
             he
             alledg'd
             for
             the
             rejecting
             his
             Proposal
             .
             But
             Antonine
             making
             fresh
             Instances
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             enforcing
             them
             with
             rich
             Presents
             ,
             and
             repeated
             Protestations
             of
             his
             great
             Kindness
             and
             Passion
             for
             the
             Princess
             ,
             the
             Parthian
             was
             at
             last
             prevail'd
             upon
             ,
             and
             promis'd
             to
             give
             him
             his
             Daughter
             ,
             and
             began
             already
             to
             call
             him
             his
             Son-in-Law
             .
             The
             News
             whereof
             being
             carried
             up
             and
             down
             ,
             the
             Barbarous
             People
             were
             putting
             all
             Things
             in
             Posture
             for
             the
             Reception
             of
             the
             Roman
             Emperor
             ,
             and
             beheld
             with
             Joy
             the
             near
             Prospect
             of
             an
             everlasting
             Peace
             .
             Antonine
             pass'd
             the
             Rivers
             without
             Impeachment
             ,
             and
             enter'd
             the
             Parthian
             Territories
             ,
             which
             he
             look'd
             upon
             as
             his
             own
             ;
             the
             People
             all
             along
             sacrificing
             ,
             and
             offering
             Incense
             upon
             crowned
             Altars
             ,
             with
             which
             Civility
             he
             appear'd
             extremely
             satisfied
             ,
             and
             advanc'd
             up
             into
             the
             Country
             ,
             till
             he
             drew
             near
             to
             the
             Parthian
             Court
             ;
             at
             which
             time
             Artabanus
             march'd
             out
             into
             a
             
             spacious
             Plain
             that
             lies
             before
             the
             City
             ,
             to
             receive
             his
             Son-in-Law
             .
             Here
             were
             great
             Numbers
             of
             Parthians
             ,
             adorn'd
             with
             Chaplets
             of
             Flowers
             of
             their
             own
             growth
             ,
             and
             Gowns
             of
             Silk
             flower'd
             with
             Silver
             ,
             and
             curiously
             dy'd
             .
             They
             were
             celebrating
             a
             Festival
             ,
             and
             dancing
             with
             artful
             Motion
             ,
             and
             due
             Observance
             of
             Time
             ,
             to
             the
             Musick
             of
             Flutes
             ,
             Pipes
             ,
             &c.
             which
             is
             an
             Entertainment
             they
             are
             extremely
             delighted
             with
             ,
             especially
             when
             they
             are
             enflam'd
             with
             Wine
             .
          
           
             The
             Multitude
             were
             no
             sooner
             drawn
             together
             upon
             the
             Plain
             ,
             but
             they
             forsook
             their
             Horses
             ,
             threw
             aside
             their
             Bows
             and
             Quivers
             ,
             and
             abandon'd
             themselves
             to
             Revellings
             and
             Festival
             Gaieties
             .
             The
             Concourse
             of
             People
             was
             very
             great
             ,
             and
             ,
             as
             Luck
             would
             have
             it
             ,
             they
             stood
             very
             disorderly
             ,
             without
             the
             least
             Jealousie
             or
             Apprehension
             ,
             every
             Man
             pressing
             forward
             to
             get
             a
             Sight
             of
             the
             new
             Bridegroom
             .
             The
             Opportunity
             being
             thus
             favourable
             ,
             Antonine
             gave
             the
             Signal
             to
             his
             Men
             to
             
             begin
             the
             Massacre
             ,
             having
             before
             given
             positive
             Orders
             to
             put
             all
             to
             the
             Sword.
             The
             Barbarians
             amaz'd
             with
             the
             unexpected
             Encounter
             ,
             soon
             turn'd
             their
             Backs
             ,
             and
             the
             Romans
             gave
             them
             chase
             ,
             killing
             many
             ,
             and
             wounding
             more
             .
             Artabanus
             was
             born
             off
             by
             his
             Guards
             ,
             and
             being
             set
             upon
             a
             Horse
             ,
             made
             his
             Escape
             ,
             with
             a
             small
             Party
             ,
             and
             great
             Difficulty
             ;
             all
             the
             rest
             were
             cut
             to
             pieces
             .
             They
             wanted
             their
             Horses
             ,
             which
             are
             of
             the
             greatest
             Service
             to
             them
             in
             a
             Battel
             ;
             for
             they
             were
             dismounted
             before
             ,
             and
             had
             turn'd
             them
             to
             graze
             :
             Nor
             could
             they
             betake
             themselves
             to
             their
             Heels
             ,
             which
             were
             entangled
             in
             the
             loose
             Garments
             that
             came
             down
             to
             their
             Feet
             .
             Bows
             and
             Arrows
             they
             had
             none
             ,
             nor
             was
             there
             any
             Occasion
             for
             them
             at
             the
             Celebration
             of
             a
             Marriage
             .
             Antonine
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             made
             a
             great
             Slaughter
             ,
             return'd
             with
             great
             Numbers
             of
             Prisoners
             ,
             and
             a
             vast
             Booty
             ,
             without
             any
             Opposition
             ,
             burning
             the
             Cities
             and
             Villages
             to
             the
             Ground
             ,
             and
             giving
             all
             up
             to
             the
             Plunder
             and
             Ravage
             of
             his
             
             Soldiers
             .
             Such
             was
             the
             Calamity
             which
             befel
             the
             Parthians
             ,
             in
             an
             Hour
             when
             they
             least
             expected
             it
             .
             Antonine
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             spoil'd
             and
             harrass'd
             all
             the
             Country
             ,
             and
             his
             Soldiers
             were
             tir'd
             with
             ravaging
             and
             killing
             ,
             return'd
             into
             Mesopotamia
             ,
             from
             whence
             he
             sent
             an
             Express
             to
             the
             Senate
             and
             People
             of
             Rome
             ,
             with
             the
             News
             ,
             that
             he
             had
             made
             an
             entire
             Conquest
             of
             the
             East
             ,
             and
             reduc'd
             all
             those
             Kingdoms
             under
             his
             Dominion
             .
             The
             Senate
             ,
             tho'
             they
             had
             had
             true
             Accounts
             of
             the
             whole
             Progress
             of
             this
             Expedition
             ,
             (
             for
             't
             is
             impossible
             for
             the
             Actions
             of
             Princes
             to
             be
             conceal'd
             )
             yet
             out
             of
             Fear
             or
             Flattery
             they
             decreed
             him
             all
             the
             Honours
             of
             victorious
             Generals
             .
             After
             this
             ,
             he
             staid
             some
             time
             in
             Mesopotamia
             ,
             following
             the
             Diversions
             of
             Hunting
             and
             Chariot-driving
             .
          
           
             Antonine
             had
             two
             Generals
             ,
             Audentius
             and
             Macrinus
             ;
             the
             first
             was
             an
             old
             Man
             ,
             reputed
             an
             excellent
             Captain
             ,
             but
             utterly
             unacquainted
             with
             Civil
             Business
             ;
             the
             latter
             was
             a
             good
             Lawyer
             ,
             and
             an
             
             able
             Pleader
             .
             The
             Emperor
             would
             often
             upbraid
             him
             publickly
             with
             want
             of
             Courage
             and
             Military
             Conduct
             ,
             proceeding
             sometimes
             to
             the
             bitterest
             Reproaches
             .
             He
             had
             been
             inform'd
             ,
             that
             Macrinus
             kept
             a
             good
             Table
             ,
             and
             esteem'd
             himself
             above
             a
             course
             and
             common
             Diet
             ;
             which
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             out
             of
             a
             Martial
             Humour
             ,
             was
             extremely
             delighted
             with
             .
             He
             heard
             also
             ,
             that
             he
             wore
             a
             Cloak
             ,
             and
             dress'd
             after
             the
             City-fashion
             ,
             which
             gave
             occasion
             to
             the
             Imputations
             he
             threw
             upon
             him
             ,
             of
             Softness
             and
             Effeminacy
             ,
             and
             to
             his
             threatning
             to
             kill
             him
             .
             Which
             Things
             touch'd
             Macrinus
             so
             sensibly
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             not
             able
             any
             longer
             to
             bear
             them
             .
          
           
             About
             this
             time
             it
             hapned
             ,
             that
             Antonine
             ,
             being
             naturally
             very
             curious
             ,
             and
             considering
             that
             he
             must
             die
             sooner
             or
             later
             ,
             was
             very
             desirous
             to
             enlarge
             the
             View
             of
             his
             Understanding
             beyond
             the
             Bounds
             of
             Humane
             Knowledge
             ,
             and
             to
             dive
             into
             the
             Secrets
             of
             Gods
             and
             Demons
             .
             He
             fansied
             every
             Body
             had
             a
             Design
             upon
             his
             Life
             ,
             consulted
             all
             the
             
             Oracles
             ,
             and
             summon'd
             all
             Pretenders
             to
             the
             Mystery
             of
             Astrology
             and
             Fortune-telling
             ,
             to
             rendezvous
             at
             his
             Court
             ;
             and
             herein
             he
             was
             so
             diligent
             ,
             that
             not
             one
             of
             that
             Kind
             of
             Impostors
             escap'd
             him
             .
             But
             suspecting
             that
             they
             did
             not
             tell
             him
             what
             was
             most
             probable
             ,
             but
             what
             they
             imagin'd
             would
             please
             him
             most
             ,
             he
             sent
             to
             Maternian
             in
             Rome
             ,
             where
             he
             sat
             at
             the
             Helm
             of
             Publick
             Affairs
             ,
             being
             the
             Emperor's
             greatest
             Favourite
             ,
             and
             the
             only
             Man
             whom
             he
             us'd
             with
             an
             universal
             Confidence
             .
             Him
             he
             order'd
             to
             call
             a
             Council
             of
             the
             most
             eminent
             of
             the
             Magi
             ,
             and
             by
             Necromantick
             Art
             to
             enquire
             about
             the
             End
             of
             his
             Life
             ,
             and
             whether
             any
             Designs
             were
             a-foot
             against
             the
             Government
             .
             Maternian
             readily
             executed
             his
             Orders
             ,
             and
             whether
             the
             Spirits
             that
             were
             rais'd
             made
             any
             such
             Discovery
             to
             him
             ,
             or
             he
             did
             it
             out
             of
             a
             private
             Pique
             to
             Macrinus
             ,
             remains
             uncertain
             ;
             but
             he
             gave
             the
             Emperor
             to
             understand
             by
             Letter
             ,
             that
             Macrinus
             was
             in
             an
             Intrigue
             to
             gain
             the
             Crown
             ,
             and
             that
             it
             would
             behove
             him
             
             speedily
             to
             cut
             him
             off
             .
             The
             Letter
             he
             seal'd
             ,
             and
             gave
             it
             amongst
             other
             Letters
             ,
             as
             he
             us'd
             to
             do
             ,
             to
             the
             Post
             ,
             who
             knew
             nothing
             of
             the
             Contents
             ,
             but
             perform'd
             his
             Journey
             with
             his
             usual
             Expedition
             ,
             and
             came
             to
             the
             Emperor
             when
             he
             was
             in
             his
             driving
             Equipage
             ,
             and
             just
             ready
             to
             mount
             his
             Chariot
             ;
             he
             deliver'd
             the
             whole
             Packet
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             amongst
             the
             rest
             was
             the
             Letter
             which
             concern'd
             Macrinus
             .
             The
             Emperor
             was
             so
             set
             upon
             his
             Sport
             ,
             that
             he
             commanded
             Macrinus
             to
             take
             the
             Letters
             ,
             and
             to
             withdraw
             from
             the
             Company
             ,
             and
             peruse
             them
             ,
             and
             if
             there
             was
             any
             thing
             of
             moment
             ,
             to
             acquaint
             him
             with
             it
             ;
             if
             not
             ,
             to
             do
             the
             Duties
             of
             his
             Office
             as
             Captain
             of
             his
             Life-guard
             ;
             which
             was
             an
             Admonition
             he
             frequently
             repeated
             .
             After
             he
             had
             given
             these
             Orders
             ,
             he
             fell
             to
             his
             Sports
             .
          
           
             Macrinus
             withdrew
             and
             loos'd
             the
             Letters
             ,
             and
             lighting
             upon
             that
             which
             was
             of
             fatal
             importance
             to
             himself
             ,
             saw
             how
             imminent
             the
             Danger
             was
             ,
             and
             knowing
             the
             Emperor's
             Violence
             and
             Cruelty
             on
             
             these
             Occasions
             ,
             especially
             when
             he
             had
             any
             Pretence
             for
             it
             ,
             wisely
             suppress'd
             the
             Letter
             ,
             and
             gave
             him
             an
             Account
             ,
             as
             he
             us'd
             to
             do
             ,
             of
             what
             was
             material
             in
             the
             rest
             :
             But
             apprehending
             a
             second
             Letter
             from
             Maternian
             upon
             the
             same
             Subject
             ,
             he
             thought
             it
             better
             to
             be
             active
             than
             passive
             in
             a
             Case
             of
             this
             Nature
             ,
             and
             laid
             this
             Plot.
             There
             was
             one
             Martial
             ,
             a
             Centurion
             of
             the
             Emperor's
             Life-guard
             ,
             that
             always
             attended
             him
             ,
             his
             Brother
             had
             been
             put
             to
             death
             by
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             upon
             an
             Information
             against
             him
             ,
             without
             any
             Conviction
             .
             The
             Emperor
             had
             also
             revil'd
             Martial
             himself
             ,
             calling
             him
             
               Cowardly
               Rascal
            
             ,
             and
             
               Macrinus
               his
               Tool
            
             .
             So
             Macrinus
             sent
             for
             him
             ,
             being
             in
             great
             Affliction
             ,
             as
             well
             for
             his
             Brother's
             Death
             ,
             as
             his
             own
             ill
             Treatment
             ,
             not
             doubting
             but
             he
             would
             be
             fit
             for
             his
             Purpose
             ,
             because
             he
             was
             under
             great
             Obligations
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             had
             always
             been
             very
             ready
             to
             serve
             him
             .
             He
             imparted
             to
             him
             his
             Design
             of
             taking
             off
             Antonine
             ,
             and
             desir'd
             him
             to
             give
             the
             Blow
             as
             soon
             as
             a
             favourable
             Opportunity
             
             should
             offer
             it self
             :
             Which
             was
             no
             sooner
             propos'd
             than
             undertaken
             by
             Martial
             ,
             Macrinus's
             Promises
             ,
             his
             Brother's
             Murder
             ,
             and
             his
             own
             Resentments
             ,
             all
             conspiring
             to
             push
             him
             forward
             to
             the
             Attempt
             .
          
           
             It
             fell
             out
             ,
             that
             soon
             after
             this
             Assassination
             was
             projected
             ,
             the
             Emperor
             being
             then
             at
             Carrae
             a
             City
             of
             Mesopotamia
             ,
             resolv'd
             to
             visit
             the
             Temple
             of
             the
             Moon
             ,
             which
             is
             held
             in
             extraordinary
             esteem
             by
             the
             Natives
             .
             This
             Temple
             stands
             at
             a
             great
             distance
             from
             the
             City
             ,
             so
             the
             Emperor
             only
             took
             a
             few
             Horsemen
             with
             him
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             not
             harrass
             his
             whole
             Army
             ,
             designing
             to
             return
             as
             soon
             as
             he
             had
             sacrific'd
             to
             the
             Deity
             of
             the
             Place
             .
             In
             the
             middle
             of
             the
             Journey
             he
             had
             a
             Motion
             to
             Stool
             ,
             and
             order'd
             all
             his
             Retinue
             to
             withdraw
             ,
             and
             went
             aside
             to
             ease
             Nature
             ,
             attended
             only
             by
             one
             Servant
             ,
             all
             the
             rest
             retiring
             ,
             and
             standing
             at
             a
             great
             distance
             ,
             out
             of
             respect
             .
             Martial
             ,
             that
             warily
             observ'd
             all
             his
             Motions
             ,
             seeing
             him
             alone
             ,
             ran
             to
             him
             in
             great
             haste
             ,
             as
             if
             he
             had
             beckon'd
             
             to
             him
             to
             hear
             or
             see
             somwhat
             ,
             and
             watching
             his
             Opportunity
             ,
             when
             he
             stood
             with
             his
             Back
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             was
             busied
             in
             pulling
             down
             his
             Breeches
             ,
             stabb'd
             him
             with
             a
             Ponyard
             which
             he
             had
             secretly
             about
             him
             ,
             of
             which
             he
             instantly
             died
             .
             Thus
             Antonine
             receiv'd
             the
             fatal
             Stroke
             ,
             when
             he
             was
             the
             least
             aware
             of
             it
             ,
             none
             of
             his
             Guards
             being
             near
             enough
             to
             defend
             him
             .
          
           
             Martial
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             the
             Business
             was
             done
             ,
             leap'd
             upon
             his
             Horse
             ,
             and
             attempted
             to
             make
             his
             Escape
             ;
             but
             the
             German
             Horsemen
             ,
             whom
             the
             Emperor
             held
             in
             great
             Esteem
             ,
             and
             had
             appointed
             to
             be
             of
             his
             Guard
             ,
             being
             the
             nearest
             his
             Person
             ,
             and
             the
             first
             that
             discover'd
             what
             was
             done
             ,
             instantly
             pursu'd
             him
             ,
             and
             levelling
             at
             him
             with
             their
             Javelins
             ,
             struck
             him
             dead
             .
             The
             rest
             of
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             they
             heard
             of
             it
             ,
             ran
             together
             in
             great
             Disorder
             ;
             nor
             was
             any
             Man's
             Sorrow
             more
             remarkable
             upon
             this
             Occasion
             than
             
             Macrinus's
             ;
             no
             Man
             seem'd
             more
             affected
             ,
             or
             shed
             more
             Tears
             over
             the
             dead
             Body
             .
             The
             
             Disaster
             extremely
             afflicted
             the
             whole
             Army
             ;
             they
             consider'd
             in
             him
             the
             Loss
             of
             a
             Companion
             and
             Fellow-Soldier
             ,
             more
             than
             that
             of
             a
             Prince
             .
             But
             no
             Suspicion
             was
             entertain'd
             of
             Macrinus
             ,
             no
             Man
             doubting
             but
             Martial
             was
             led
             by
             a
             private
             Resentment
             to
             the
             Commission
             of
             this
             Murder
             ,
             and
             so
             every
             Man
             return'd
             to
             his
             own
             Tent.
             Macrinus
             burnt
             the
             Body
             ,
             and
             depositing
             the
             Ashes
             in
             an
             Urn
             ,
             sent
             them
             to
             his
             Mother
             in
             Antioch
             to
             be
             buried
             .
             These
             Misfortunes
             of
             the
             Children
             were
             laid
             so
             to
             Heart
             by
             the
             Mother
             ,
             that
             she
             offer'd
             Violence
             to
             her self
             ;
             but
             whether
             voluntarily
             ,
             or
             by
             compulsion
             ,
             remains
             uncertain
             .
             Thus
             fell
             Antonine
             and
             his
             Mother
             Julia
             ,
             after
             they
             had
             liv'd
             as
             is
             before
             related
             .
             He
             reign'd
             Six
             Years
             after
             the
             Death
             of
             his
             Father
             and
             Brother
             .
          
           
             After
             the
             Death
             of
             Antonine
             ,
             the
             Army
             was
             in
             great
             irresolution
             and
             uncertainty
             what
             to
             do
             :
             So
             there
             was
             an
             Inter-regnum
             for
             two
             Days
             ,
             which
             were
             spent
             in
             Debates
             and
             Deliberations
             about
             a
             Successor
             .
             They
             had
             receiv'd
             Advice
             ,
             
             that
             Artabanus
             was
             advancing
             against
             them
             with
             a
             mighty
             Force
             ,
             being
             resolv'd
             to
             pursue
             his
             Revenge
             ,
             and
             to
             sacrifice
             them
             to
             the
             Ghosts
             of
             his
             Subjects
             ,
             whom
             they
             had
             treacherously
             murder'd
             in
             a
             Time
             of
             Peace
             and
             Festival
             Solemnity
             .
             The
             Choice
             fell
             upon
             Audentius
             ,
             who
             was
             reckon'd
             upon
             as
             a
             Man
             of
             great
             Courage
             ,
             and
             Experience
             in
             the
             Art
             of
             War
             ;
             but
             he
             excus'd
             himself
             ,
             alledging
             his
             Incapacity
             for
             so
             important
             a
             Charge
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             his
             great
             Age.
             Then
             they
             chose
             Macrinus
             .
             This
             Election
             was
             very
             much
             influenc'd
             by
             the
             Tribunes
             ,
             in
             favour
             of
             Macrinus
             ,
             who
             were
             after
             his
             Death
             look'd
             upon
             as
             his
             Complices
             ,
             and
             privy
             to
             his
             Designs
             against
             Antonine
             ,
             as
             will
             appear
             in
             the
             Sequel
             of
             this
             History
             .
             So
             Macrinus
             succeeded
             ;
             the
             Army
             in
             this
             Election
             being
             determin'd
             rather
             by
             the
             Necessity
             of
             the
             Conjuncture
             ,
             than
             by
             any
             Esteem
             or
             Confidence
             they
             had
             in
             the
             Person
             elected
             .
          
           
             While
             these
             Things
             were
             in
             agitation
             ,
             Artabanus
             approach'd
             with
             a
             great
             Army
             ,
             
             compos'd
             of
             a
             great
             Force
             of
             Cavalry
             and
             Archers
             ,
             and
             Cuirassiers
             that
             rode
             upon
             Camels
             ,
             and
             fought
             with
             long
             Spears
             .
             Whereupon
             Macrinus
             call'd
             his
             Soldiers
             together
             ,
             and
             harangu'd
             them
             to
             the
             following
             Effect
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     MACRINUS
                     his
                     SPEECH
                     to
                     the
                     ARMY
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     Don't
                     wonder
                     ,
                     Gentlemen
                     ,
                     that
                     you
                     are
                     all
                     so
                     deeply
                     afflicted
                     with
                     the
                     Loss
                     of
                     such
                     a
                     Prince
                     ,
                     or
                     rather
                     of
                     a
                     Fellow-Soldier
                     :
                     But
                     it
                     is
                     the
                     Part
                     of
                     a
                     Wise
                     Man
                     to
                     bear
                     all
                     the
                     Traverses
                     of
                     Fortune
                     with
                     Steadiness
                     and
                     Moderation
                     .
                     His
                     Memory
                     shall
                     for
                     ever
                     be
                     preserv'd
                     in
                     our
                     Breasts
                     ,
                     and
                     handed
                     down
                     to
                     Posterity
                     ,
                     with
                     the
                     Immortal
                     Glory
                     of
                     his
                     Great
                     and
                     Noble
                     Atchievements
                     ;
                     nor
                     shall
                     we
                     ever
                     forget
                     his
                     singular
                     Love
                     of
                     you
                     ,
                     which
                     he
                     testified
                     in
                     so
                     unusual
                     a
                     Condescension
                     ,
                     even
                     by
                     stooping
                     to
                     the
                     common
                     Duties
                     of
                     the
                     meanest
                     Soldier
                     .
                     But
                     now
                     that
                     we
                     have
                     paid
                     the
                     Honours
                     due
                     to
                     his
                     Memory
                     ,
                     and
                     discharg'd
                     all
                     Debts
                     of
                     that
                     Nature
                     ,
                     it
                     concerns
                     us
                     to
                     consult
                     our
                     own
                     
                     Welfare
                     and
                     Security
                     .
                     Artabanus
                     is
                     advanc'd
                     against
                     us
                     with
                     the
                     whole
                     Power
                     of
                     the
                     East
                     ,
                     and
                     seems
                     to
                     have
                     just
                     Grounds
                     of
                     Quarrel
                     against
                     us
                     .
                     We
                     were
                     the
                     Aggressors
                     ;
                     we
                     infring'd
                     the
                     Treaty
                     ,
                     and
                     made
                     War
                     upon
                     him
                     in
                     the
                     profoundest
                     Tranquillity
                     .
                     And
                     now
                     ,
                     Gentlemen
                     ,
                     the
                     whole
                     Roman
                     Empire
                     relies
                     upon
                     your
                     Courage
                     and
                     Fidelity
                     .
                     The
                     Point
                     in
                     dispute
                     is
                     not
                     about
                     Rivers
                     or
                     Boundaries
                     .
                     Our
                     whole
                     Fortunes
                     lie
                     at
                     Stake
                     .
                     A
                     mighty
                     Potentate
                     comes
                     against
                     us
                     ,
                     to
                     execute
                     Revenge
                     for
                     the
                     Murther
                     of
                     his
                     Children
                     and
                     Relations
                     ,
                     who
                     ,
                     he
                     says
                     ,
                     were
                     unjustly
                     massacred
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     manifest
                     violation
                     of
                     the
                     most
                     solemn
                     Leagues
                     .
                     My
                     Advice
                     is
                     ,
                     that
                     you
                     stand
                     to
                     your
                     Arms
                     ,
                     and
                     be
                     careful
                     to
                     keep
                     your
                     Ranks
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     Roman
                     Discipline
                     .
                     The
                     Barbarians
                     are
                     an
                     unform'd
                     ,
                     irregular
                     Multitude
                     ;
                     their
                     very
                     Numbers
                     will
                     be
                     an
                     hindrance
                     to
                     them
                     ;
                     whilst
                     your
                     Order
                     and
                     Military
                     Skill
                     will
                     not
                     only
                     preserve
                     you
                     from
                     Danger
                     ,
                     but
                     give
                     you
                     great
                     Advantages
                     over
                     the
                     Enemy
                     .
                     Take
                     Heart
                     therefore
                     ,
                     and
                     behave
                     your selves
                     as
                     Romans
                     ought
                     to
                     do
                     ,
                     and
                     you
                     have
                     done
                     hitherto
                     .
                     If
                     
                     you
                     vanquish
                     ,
                     you
                     will
                     not
                     only
                     reap
                     the
                     Glory
                     which
                     this
                     Action
                     deserves
                     ,
                     but
                     this
                     will
                     be
                     the
                     most
                     effectual
                     Method
                     of
                     convincing
                     Rome
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     World
                     ,
                     that
                     your
                     former
                     Victory
                     over
                     them
                     was
                     not
                     gain'd
                     by
                     Treachery
                     and
                     Surprize
                     ,
                     but
                     by
                     true
                     Valour
                     and
                     Force
                     of
                     Arms.
                     
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             After
             he
             had
             spoke
             ,
             the
             Soldiers
             seeing
             the
             Necessity
             of
             the
             present
             Juncture
             of
             Affairs
             ,
             rang'd
             themselves
             in
             Battel-array
             ,
             and
             stood
             to
             their
             Arms.
             As
             soon
             as
             the
             Sun
             rose
             ,
             Artabanus
             came
             in
             sight
             with
             a
             vast
             Army
             ;
             and
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             after
             they
             had
             worshipp'd
             the
             Sun
             with
             the
             usual
             Ceremonies
             of
             those
             Countries
             ,
             made
             the
             Onset
             with
             terrible
             Shouts
             .
             The
             Cavalry
             begun
             the
             Charge
             with
             a
             Volley
             of
             Arrows
             .
             The
             Romans
             were
             marshall'd
             with
             great
             Caution
             ,
             and
             stood
             in
             very
             good
             Order
             .
             The
             Moorish
             Cavalry
             was
             plac'd
             in
             both
             the
             Wings
             ;
             in
             the
             Lanes
             between
             the
             Ranks
             were
             posted
             Light-Horsemen
             ,
             that
             were
             ready
             to
             sally
             out
             upon
             Occasion
             .
             Thus
             imbattell'd
             ,
             they
             supported
             
             with
             great
             firmness
             the
             Charge
             of
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             who
             gall'd
             them
             extremely
             with
             the
             Multitude
             of
             their
             Arrows
             ,
             and
             the
             long
             Spears
             which
             the
             Cuirassiers
             fought
             with
             from
             their
             Horses
             and
             Camels
             .
             On
             the
             other
             Hand
             ,
             whenever
             they
             came
             to
             close
             Combate
             ,
             the
             Romans
             had
             still
             the
             better
             :
             But
             when
             they
             found
             themselves
             press'd
             by
             the
             Enemies
             Horse
             and
             Camels
             ,
             which
             were
             very
             numerous
             ,
             they
             feign'd
             a
             Flight
             ,
             and
             so
             decoy'd
             the
             Barbarians
             amongst
             sharp
             Iron
             Stakes
             ,
             and
             other
             Engines
             that
             were
             prepared
             beforehand
             .
             These
             Stakes
             were
             cover'd
             with
             Sand
             ,
             so
             well
             ,
             that
             they
             were
             not
             discover'd
             ;
             which
             made
             this
             Stratagem
             prove
             very
             fatal
             to
             the
             Enemies
             Horse
             :
             For
             as
             soon
             as
             they
             rode
             amongst
             them
             ,
             their
             Horses
             ,
             but
             especially
             their
             Camels
             ,
             that
             have
             very
             tender
             Hoofs
             ,
             began
             to
             halt
             ,
             and
             throw
             their
             Riders
             to
             the
             Ground
             .
             Now
             the
             Parthians
             as
             long
             as
             they
             are
             on
             Horseback
             behave
             themselves
             very
             manfully
             ;
             but
             whenever
             they
             come
             to
             dismount
             or
             fall
             from
             their
             Horses
             ,
             they
             
             are
             easily
             taken
             ,
             and
             are
             not
             able
             to
             bear
             the
             Shock
             of
             a
             close
             Engagement
             .
             Beside
             ,
             they
             are
             so
             encumber'd
             by
             a
             loose
             Garment
             about
             their
             Legs
             ,
             that
             they
             can
             neither
             fly
             nor
             pursue
             .
             The
             Engagement
             lasted
             two
             whole
             Days
             ,
             from
             Sun
             rise
             to
             Sun-set
             ,
             till
             the
             Night
             coming
             on
             put
             an
             end
             to
             it
             ;
             at
             which
             time
             they
             return'd
             to
             their
             respective
             Camps
             ,
             each
             esteeming
             the
             Advantage
             to
             be
             on
             his
             own
             Side
             .
             The
             third
             Day
             both
             Sides
             drew
             their
             Armies
             out
             into
             the
             Field
             ,
             and
             the
             Parthians
             ,
             who
             were
             far
             the
             most
             numerous
             ,
             endeavour'd
             to
             surround
             the
             Romans
             ;
             but
             they
             disappointed
             them
             ,
             by
             enlarging
             the
             Front
             of
             their
             Army
             to
             a
             great
             breadth
             ,
             without
             any
             considerable
             depth
             .
             The
             Numbers
             of
             the
             Men
             and
             Beasts
             that
             were
             slain
             was
             so
             great
             ,
             that
             they
             fill'd
             the
             Field
             .
             The
             dead
             Bodies
             were
             pil'd
             up
             to
             a
             vast
             height
             ,
             especially
             the
             Camels
             ,
             that
             fell
             one
             upon
             another
             in
             great
             numbers
             ,
             which
             cut
             off
             all
             possibility
             of
             engaging
             ;
             for
             the
             Armies
             could
             neither
             see
             nor
             come
             at
             one
             another
             ,
             by
             reason
             
             of
             a
             vast
             and
             almost
             unsurmountable
             Heap
             of
             dead
             Bodies
             that
             lay
             between
             them
             .
             So
             both
             retir'd
             to
             their
             several
             Camps
             .
          
           
             And
             now
             Macrinus
             understanding
             that
             the
             Reason
             why
             Artabanus
             fought
             with
             so
             much
             Fury
             and
             Obstinacy
             ,
             was
             because
             he
             thought
             Antonine
             was
             his
             Enemy
             ,
             [
             it
             being
             generally
             observ'd
             ,
             that
             the
             Barbarians
             are
             soon
             discourag'd
             ,
             and
             sink
             as
             it
             were
             under
             the
             Fatigue
             ,
             if
             they
             don't
             meet
             with
             fortunate
             Success
             in
             their
             first
             Rencounters
             ;
             but
             now
             they
             stood
             it
             out
             ,
             and
             were
             resolv'd
             to
             renew
             the
             Battel
             as
             soon
             as
             the
             dead
             Bodies
             were
             remov'd
             and
             burnt
             ,
             not
             knowing
             that
             the
             Author
             of
             all
             this
             Quarrel
             was
             dead
             ,
             ]
             he
             sent
             Ambassadors
             to
             him
             with
             Letters
             ,
             wherein
             he
             gave
             him
             to
             understand
             ,
             
               That
               the
               Emperor
               who
               had
               violated
               his
               Oath
               and
               League
               with
               him
               ,
               was
               kill'd
               ,
               and
               had
               receiv'd
               the
               Punishment
               due
               to
               his
               Offence
               ;
               that
               the
            
             Romans
             ,
             
               to
               whom
               the
               Empire
               of
               right
               belong'd
               ,
               had
               put
               the
               Sovereign
               Power
               into
               his
               Hands
               ;
               that
               he
               disapprov'd
               the
               late
               Proceedings
               of
               his
               Predecessor
               ,
               
               and
               therefore
               would
               restore
               all
               the
               Prisoners
               that
               were
               alive
               ,
               with
               the
               whole
               Booty
               that
               he
               had
               brought
               away
               ,
               and
               would
               enter
               into
               a
               strict
               League
               and
               Amity
               with
               him
               ,
               which
               should
               be
               ratified
               by
               Oaths
               and
               Sacrifices
               .
            
          
           
             Artabanus
             read
             the
             Letter
             ,
             and
             receiving
             a
             particular
             Account
             from
             the
             Ambassadors
             of
             the
             Assassination
             of
             Antonine
             ,
             thought
             he
             had
             paid
             dear
             enough
             for
             the
             Infraction
             of
             a
             League
             ;
             and
             being
             well
             satisfied
             with
             the
             Restitution
             of
             the
             Prisoners
             and
             Booty
             ,
             without
             any
             farther
             Bloodshed
             ,
             concluded
             a
             Peace
             ,
             and
             return'd
             home
             ;
             and
             Macrinus
             leaving
             Mesopotamia
             ,
             march'd
             with
             his
             Army
             to
             Antioch
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           
           
             AN
             EPITOME
             OF
             THE
             Fifth
             Book
             .
          
           
             
               OPilius
               Macrinus
            
             gives
             an
             Account
             by
             Letter
             to
             the
             Senate
             of
             the
             Course
             and
             Conduct
             of
             Affairs
             ,
             and
             is
             declar'd
             Emperor
             by
             that
             Assembly
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             Satisfaction
             of
             all
             Men.
             He
             remains
             in
             Antioch
             ,
             where
             his
             Effeminacy
             renders
             him
             Odious
             to
             the
             Soldiers
             :
             So
             a
             Commotion
             being
             rais'd
             ,
             they
             betray
             him
             ,
             and
             he
             is
             kill'd
             in
             Chalcedon
             a
             City
             of
             Bithynia
             ,
             being
             vanquish'd
             by
             Bassian
             the
             Priest
             of
             the
             Sun
             ,
             who
             is
             brought
             into
             the
             Camp
             ,
             and
             being
             suppos'd
             the
             Son
             of
             Antonine
             ,
             is
             call●d
             after
             him
             ,
             and
             proclaim'd
             Emperor
             .
             In
             the
             very
             beginning
             of
             his
             Reign
             be
             abandons
             himself
             to
             the
             
             most
             profligate
             Courses
             ,
             exposing
             both
             himself
             and
             the
             Roman
             Religion
             to
             Calumny
             and
             Contempt
             .
             He
             worships
             his
             God
             Heliogabulus
             ,
             and
             in
             his
             Behaviour
             both
             Publick
             and
             Private
             ,
             in
             Matters
             Sacred
             as
             well
             as
             Profane
             ,
             is
             guilty
             of
             the
             greatest
             Folly
             and
             Madness
             .
             So
             he
             falls
             under
             the
             Displeasure
             of
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             and
             is
             kill'd
             by
             them
             ;
             and
             Alexander
             ,
             who
             was
             lately
             declar'd
             Caesar
             ,
             is
             set
             up
             in
             his
             Room
             ,
             and
             proclaim'd
             Emperor
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Fifth
             Book
             .
          
           
             
               THe
               Account
               of
            
             Antonine
             '
             
               s
               Reign
               and
               Death
               ,
               of
               the
               Plot
               that
               was
               laid
               against
               him
               ,
               and
               of
               the
               Establishment
               of
               the
               Succession
               upon
               his
               Decease
               ,
               is
               delivered
               in
               the
               former
               Book
               .
            
             Macrinus
             
               remain'd
               still
               in
            
             Antioch
             ,
             
               from
               whence
               he
               sent
               Letters
               ,
               directed
               to
               the
               Senate
               and
               People
               of
            
             Rome
             ,
             
               the
               Substance
               whereof
               was
            
             ,
             That
             he
             thought
             it
             needless
             to
             use
             many
             Words
             to
             them
             ,
             who
             were
             so
             well
             acquainted
             with
             the
             Principles
             
             on
             which
             he
             had
             all
             along
             acted
             ,
             with
             his
             natural
             Disposition
             to
             Gentleness
             ,
             and
             with
             his
             constant
             Moderation
             in
             the
             whole
             Course
             of
             his
             late
             Ministry
             ,
             wherein
             his
             Authority
             was
             little
             inferior
             to
             that
             of
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             whose
             Person
             was
             committed
             to
             his
             Faith
             and
             Protection
             ,
             as
             Captain
             of
             the
             Life-guard
             .
             They
             knew
             very
             well
             his
             Dislike
             of
             the
             Emperor's
             Proceedings
             ,
             and
             that
             he
             had
             often
             interpos'd
             on
             their
             behalf
             ,
             with
             no
             small
             Hazard
             to
             himself
             ,
             when
             the
             Emperor
             by
             false
             Suggestions
             ,
             which
             he
             very
             much
             hearkned
             to
             ,
             was
             urg'd
             on
             to
             violent
             Counsels
             :
             That
             he
             had
             often
             cast
             Aspersions
             upon
             him
             ,
             and
             had
             publickly
             reproach'd
             him
             on
             the
             score
             of
             his
             Mildness
             and
             Love
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             and
             had
             therefore
             accus'd
             him
             of
             Laziness
             and
             Dissoluteness
             of
             Manners
             :
             That
             he
             always
             entertain'd
             Flatterers
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             inflam'd
             him
             by
             their
             Calumnies
             ,
             and
             spurr'd
             him
             on
             to
             Cruelty
             ,
             looking
             upon
             them
             as
             his
             truest
             Friends
             ,
             and
             the
             warmest
             Zealots
             for
             his
             Interests
             :
             That
             for
             his
             own
             part
             ,
             he
             always
             approv'd
             gentle
             Methods
             ;
             that
             therefore
             he
             had
             put
             an
             end
             to
             the
             War
             with
             the
             Parthians
             ,
             which
             had
             made
             the
             whole
             Empire
             
             tremble
             :
             That
             in
             the
             Action
             of
             the
             War
             they
             came
             no
             way
             short
             of
             the
             Enemy
             in
             Prowess
             and
             Gallantry
             :
             That
             by
             the
             Peace
             which
             he
             had
             concluded
             ,
             a
             formidable
             Enemy
             ,
             that
             was
             advanc'd
             against
             them
             with
             a
             puissant
             Force
             ,
             was
             become
             their
             Friend
             and
             Allie
             :
             That
             as
             long
             as
             he
             should
             be
             their
             Prince
             ,
             a
             stop
             should
             be
             put
             to
             Effusions
             of
             Blood
             ,
             and
             Alarms
             of
             War
             ;
             the
             Prerogative
             should
             be
             lower'd
             ,
             and
             the
             Privileges
             of
             the
             Subject
             advanc'd
             ,
             and
             Arbitrary
             Power
             should
             sink
             into
             an
             Aristocracy
             :
             That
             there
             was
             no
             Reason
             why
             they
             should
             esteem
             him
             unworthy
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             or
             judge
             it
             the
             Error
             of
             a
             blind
             Chance
             ,
             by
             which
             he
             was
             exalted
             from
             a
             Private
             Gentleman
             of
             Rome
             ,
             to
             this
             high
             Station
             :
             That
             there
             was
             no
             Advantage
             in
             high
             Birth
             ,
             unless
             it
             was
             accompanied
             with
             Moderation
             and
             Clemency
             :
             That
             the
             Gifts
             of
             Fortune
             were
             often
             cast
             on
             those
             that
             did
             not
             deserve
             them
             ;
             but
             the
             Vertues
             of
             the
             Mind
             stamp'd
             a
             real
             Value
             and
             Dignity
             on
             all
             that
             possess'd
             them
             :
             That
             Estate
             ,
             Luster
             of
             Family
             ,
             &c.
             might
             make
             a
             Man
             happy
             ,
             but
             were
             not
             good
             Topicks
             of
             Commendation
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             deriv'd
             
             from
             others
             ;
             but
             Gentleness
             and
             Humanity
             are
             not
             only
             admir'd
             by
             all
             Men
             ,
             but
             redound
             to
             the
             real
             Praise
             of
             those
             whom
             they
             adorn
             :
             That
             the
             Publick
             had
             receiv'd
             no
             Benefit
             from
             the
             Noble
             Parentage
             of
             Commodus
             ,
             nor
             from
             
             Antonine's
             succeeding
             his
             Father
             :
             That
             these
             Princes
             take
             the
             Empire
             as
             it
             were
             by
             Right
             of
             Inheritance
             ,
             and
             abuse
             it
             as
             their
             own
             Patrimony
             ;
             but
             those
             that
             receiv'd
             it
             from
             the
             free
             Gift
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             will
             always
             remain
             sensible
             of
             the
             infinite
             Obligation
             ,
             and
             will
             still
             be
             meditating
             Returns
             proportionable
             to
             so
             great
             a
             Merit
             .
             Besides
             ,
             this
             Nobility
             dispos'd
             them
             to
             Arrogance
             ,
             and
             a
             Contempt
             of
             their
             Subjects
             ,
             as
             their
             Inferiors
             ;
             whereas
             those
             that
             advanc'd
             through
             inferior
             Employments
             to
             this
             high
             Dignity
             ,
             would
             endeavour
             to
             defend
             it
             as
             the
             Reward
             of
             their
             Industry
             ,
             and
             will
             pay
             the
             same
             Respect
             and
             Deference
             which
             they
             us'd
             to
             do
             to
             those
             who
             were
             their
             Superiors
             before
             this
             Elevation
             .
             As
             for
             his
             part
             ,
             he
             would
             do
             nothing
             without
             their
             Approbation
             ;
             they
             should
             be
             his
             Counsellors
             ,
             and
             have
             a
             Share
             in
             the
             Conduct
             of
             all
             Publick
             Affairs
             ,
             and
             should
             enjoy
             their
             ancient
             Liberty
             and
             Repose
             ,
             
             which
             their
             High-born
             Princes
             had
             depriv'd
             them
             of
             ,
             and
             which
             Marcus
             ,
             and
             after
             him
             Pertinax
             ,
             both
             Men
             of
             mean
             Extraction
             ,
             had
             endeavour'd
             to
             restore
             :
             Concluding
             ,
             That
             it
             was
             better
             to
             be
             the
             first
             of
             a
             Noble
             Family
             ,
             than
             to
             debase
             that
             Nobility
             which
             was
             transmitted
             from
             Glorious
             Ancestors
             ,
             by
             declining
             from
             the
             generous
             Paths
             in
             which
             they
             trod
             .
          
           
             As
             soon
             as
             the
             Letter
             was
             read
             ,
             all
             the
             Senators
             broke
             out
             into
             Acclamations
             of
             Joy
             ,
             and
             unanimously
             decreed
             him
             Imperial
             Honours
             :
             But
             they
             were
             more
             overjoy'd
             that
             Antonine
             was
             dead
             ,
             than
             that
             Macrinus
             succeeded
             him
             ;
             which
             was
             express'd
             by
             Publick
             Rejoycings
             made
             on
             that
             Occasion
             .
             All
             common
             Informers
             ,
             and
             Servants
             that
             had
             accus'd
             their
             Masters
             ,
             were
             publickly
             Gibbeted
             ;
             and
             what
             by
             Proscriptions
             ,
             what
             by
             Capital
             Punishments
             inflicted
             on
             profligate
             Villains
             ,
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             indeed
             the
             whole
             Empire
             was
             pretty
             well
             purg'd
             .
             Those
             that
             lay
             conceal'd
             ,
             were
             quiet
             ,
             for
             fear
             of
             the
             Justice
             of
             the
             Government
             .
             So
             the
             People
             liv'd
             in
             Security
             ,
             
             and
             enjoy'd
             at
             least
             an
             Appearance
             ,
             and
             as
             it
             were
             a
             first
             Dawn
             of
             Liberty
             ,
             during
             that
             one
             Year
             in
             which
             Macrinus
             reign'd
             .
          
           
             Macrinus
             commitred
             a
             great
             Soloecism
             in
             not
             disbanding
             and
             dispersing
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             and
             in
             that
             he
             did
             not
             hasten
             to
             Rome
             ,
             where
             his
             Presence
             was
             greatly
             desired
             ,
             and
             whither
             he
             was
             invited
             by
             the
             daily
             repeated
             Clamours
             of
             the
             People
             :
             But
             he
             staid
             in
             Antioch
             ,
             where
             he
             began
             to
             affect
             a
             long
             Beard
             and
             slow
             Gate
             .
             He
             would
             scarce
             vouchsafe
             to
             speak
             to
             those
             that
             came
             to
             him
             ;
             and
             when
             he
             did
             ,
             he
             often
             spoke
             so
             low
             ,
             it
             was
             a
             hard
             matter
             to
             tell
             what
             he
             said
             .
             In
             these
             Particulars
             he
             copied
             after
             Marcus
             ,
             and
             they
             were
             the
             only
             Actions
             of
             that
             Prince
             which
             he
             imitated
             ;
             for
             he
             abandon'd
             himself
             to
             dissolute
             Courses
             ,
             became
             a
             great
             frequenter
             of
             Plays
             and
             Musick-meetings
             ,
             neglected
             Publick
             Affairs
             ,
             and
             appear'd
             always
             in
             Publick
             with
             Buttons
             ,
             and
             a
             Belt
             curiously
             embroider'd
             with
             Gold
             and
             Precious
             Stones
             .
             This
             Luxury
             was
             by
             no
             means
             pleasing
             
             to
             the
             Army
             ,
             that
             look'd
             upon
             it
             as
             an
             unmanly
             Softness
             ,
             better
             becoming
             a
             Woman
             ,
             or
             the
             Barbarous
             Nations
             ,
             than
             the
             Emperor
             of
             Rome
             .
             These
             things
             ,
             I
             say
             ,
             gave
             great
             disgusts
             to
             the
             Soldiers
             ;
             they
             dislik'd
             his
             Course
             of
             Life
             ,
             as
             too
             effeminate
             ;
             and
             calling
             to
             mind
             
             Antonine's
             Way
             of
             Living
             ,
             which
             was
             such
             as
             became
             a
             Soldier
             and
             a
             Man
             of
             Business
             ,
             they
             condemn'd
             
             Macrinus's
             Luxury
             .
             Besides
             ,
             they
             murmur'd
             extremely
             that
             they
             were
             not
             permitted
             to
             return
             home
             ,
             but
             were
             constrain'd
             to
             live
             in
             a
             Camp
             in
             a
             Foreign
             Country
             ,
             where
             sometimes
             they
             wanted
             necessary
             Provisions
             ,
             and
             that
             too
             after
             a
             Peace
             was
             concluded
             .
             They
             observ'd
             too
             at
             the
             same
             time
             ,
             how
             softly
             and
             delicately
             the
             Emperor
             liv'd
             .
             So
             ,
             in
             short
             ,
             things
             tended
             to
             a
             Rebellion
             .
             They
             began
             to
             speak
             disrespectfully
             of
             him
             ,
             and
             only
             sought
             for
             some
             sort
             of
             Pretence
             to
             remove
             this
             Author
             of
             their
             Grievances
             .
             Thus
             it
             pleas'd
             the
             Fates
             that
             Macrinus
             having
             revell'd
             it
             in
             Imperial
             Dignity
             for
             the
             space
             of
             one
             Year
             ,
             should
             lose
             
             his
             Life
             and
             Empire
             together
             ;
             Fortune
             soon
             affording
             a
             slight
             Occasion
             to
             the
             Soldiers
             for
             the
             effecting
             what
             they
             desir'd
             .
          
           
             There
             was
             a
             certain
             Lady
             call'd
             Maesa
             ,
             born
             in
             Phoenicia
             ,
             in
             the
             City
             Emesa
             .
             She
             was
             Sister
             to
             Julia
             ,
             Severus's
             Wife
             ,
             and
             Mother
             to
             Antonine
             ,
             and
             had
             liv'd
             many
             Years
             in
             the
             Emperor's
             Court
             in
             her
             Sisters
             Time
             ,
             both
             in
             the
             Reign
             of
             Severus
             and
             Antonine
             ;
             but
             after
             her
             Sisters
             Death
             ,
             and
             the
             Murder
             of
             Antonine
             ,
             was
             commanded
             by
             Macrinus
             to
             depart
             into
             her
             own
             Country
             with
             her
             Effects
             ,
             which
             were
             very
             considerable
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             her
             living
             at
             Court
             so
             many
             Years
             .
             Maesa
             obey'd
             the
             Orders
             ,
             and
             return'd
             into
             Phoenicia
             .
             This
             old
             Lady
             had
             two
             Daughters
             ,
             the
             elder
             Soaemis
             ,
             and
             Mammaea
             the
             younger
             :
             Each
             of
             these
             had
             a
             Son
             ;
             Soaemis
             call'd
             hers
             Bassian
             ,
             Mammaea's
             was
             nam'd
             Alexian
             :
             Both
             the
             Youths
             were
             bred
             up
             under
             the
             Care
             of
             their
             Mother
             and
             Grandmother
             .
             Bassian
             was
             about
             Fourteen
             Years
             old
             ,
             Alexian
             had
             just
             enter'd
             his
             Tenth
             Year
             .
             They
             
             were
             both
             Priests
             of
             the
             Sun
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             God
             of
             the
             Phoenicians
             ,
             and
             in
             their
             Language
             is
             call'd
             Heliogabulus
             .
             They
             have
             a
             magnificent
             Temple
             built
             for
             him
             ,
             adorn'd
             with
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             and
             Precious
             Stones
             .
             Nor
             do
             the
             Natives
             only
             worship
             this
             God
             ,
             but
             all
             the
             neighbouring
             Princes
             and
             Potentates
             send
             rich
             Presents
             to
             him
             every
             Year
             .
             They
             have
             no
             Statue
             made
             with
             Hands
             in
             the
             likeness
             of
             the
             God
             ,
             as
             is
             usual
             amongst
             the
             Greeks
             and
             Romans
             ,
             but
             only
             a
             huge
             Stone
             ,
             that
             is
             round
             at
             the
             bottom
             ,
             and
             grows
             sharper
             by
             degrees
             towards
             the
             top
             .
             The
             Colour
             of
             it
             is
             Black
             ,
             and
             the
             Figure
             Conical
             .
             The
             Tradition
             is
             ,
             that
             it
             fell
             from
             Heaven
             .
             It
             hath
             some
             little
             Rudenesses
             and
             Marks
             upon
             it
             .
             They
             say
             't
             is
             the
             Image
             of
             the
             Sun
             ,
             not
             made
             by
             any
             mortal
             Artificer
             ,
             and
             esteem
             it
             as
             such
             .
             Bassian
             was
             ordain'd
             his
             Priest
             ,
             and
             performed
             the
             Functions
             of
             the
             Priests
             Office
             ,
             as
             being
             the
             Elder
             ,
             appearing
             publickly
             in
             his
             barbarous
             Formalities
             ,
             which
             were
             a
             Gown
             of
             Purple
             Silk
             flower'd
             with
             Gold
             ,
             that
             came
             
             down
             to
             his
             Feet
             and
             Hands
             ,
             all
             his
             Legs
             being
             cover'd
             with
             Under-Vestments
             of
             the
             same
             Silk
             .
             Upon
             his
             Head
             he
             wore
             a
             Crown
             ,
             richly
             adorn'd
             with
             Precious
             Stones
             of
             several
             Colours
             .
             Besides
             ,
             he
             was
             then
             in
             the
             flower
             of
             his
             Age
             ,
             and
             the
             goodliest
             Youth
             of
             his
             Time.
             So
             Youth
             and
             Native
             Beauty
             being
             set
             off
             with
             all
             the
             Advantages
             of
             a
             soft
             and
             charming
             Dress
             ,
             might
             well
             give
             occasion
             to
             his
             Admirers
             to
             compare
             him
             with
             the
             beautiful
             Images
             of
             Bacchus
             .
          
           
             While
             he
             was
             sacrificing
             and
             dancing
             about
             the
             Altars
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             barbarous
             Rites
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             with
             Flutes
             ,
             Pipes
             ,
             and
             all
             sorts
             of
             Musical
             Instruments
             ,
             all
             the
             People
             ,
             but
             especially
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             took
             a
             stricter
             View
             of
             him
             than
             ordinary
             ,
             either
             because
             they
             knew
             he
             was
             of
             the
             Imperial
             Line
             ,
             or
             the
             Charms
             of
             his
             Beauty
             drew
             the
             Eyes
             of
             all
             Men
             upon
             him
             .
             There
             was
             at
             that
             time
             a
             great
             Army
             near
             the
             Town
             ,
             that
             lay
             there
             to
             cover
             Phoenicia
             ,
             but
             was
             afterwards
             commanded
             away
             ,
             as
             shall
             
             be
             related
             in
             due
             time
             .
             The
             Soldiers
             came
             every
             day
             to
             Town
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             Temple
             for
             the
             sake
             of
             Divine
             Worship
             ,
             and
             were
             wonderfully
             pleas'd
             with
             seeing
             the
             Lad.
             Some
             of
             these
             were
             
             Maesa's
             Acquaintance
             ,
             that
             were
             fled
             from
             Rome
             ,
             amongst
             whom
             she
             whisper'd
             ,
             when
             she
             perceiv'd
             how
             much
             they
             admir'd
             the
             Youth
             ,
             
               That
               he
               was
            
             Antonine
             '
             
               s
               Natural
               Son
               ,
               tho'
               he
               was
               reputed
               another
               Man's
               :
               That
               when
               she
               liv'd
               at
               Court
               in
               her
               Sisters
               Time
               ,
               the
               said
               Emperor
               had
               Intrigues
               with
               her
               Daughters
               ,
               that
               were
               then
               young
               and
               handsom
               .
            
             Whether
             this
             was
             true
             ,
             or
             only
             an
             Artifice
             ,
             remains
             uncertain
             ;
             but
             however
             it
             was
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             they
             got
             hold
             of
             this
             Report
             ,
             they
             handed
             it
             from
             one
             Soldier
             to
             another
             ,
             till
             it
             was
             publish'd
             through
             the
             whole
             Army
             .
             It
             was
             also
             given
             out
             ,
             That
             Maesa
             
               had
               a
               prodigious
               Fond
               of
               Money
               ,
               and
               that
               she
               would
               freely
               distribute
               it
               amongst
               them
               ,
               provided
               they
               would
               re-establish
               her
               Family
               in
               the
               Empire
               .
            
             Hereupon
             it
             was
             concerted
             ,
             
               That
               if
               she
               would
               come
               privately
               by
               Night
               to
               the
               Camp
               with
               her
               Family
               ,
               they
               would
               receive
               
               her
               ,
               and
               proclaim
               the
               Son
               of
            
             Antonine
             Emperor
             .
             Which
             was
             no
             sooner
             propos'd
             to
             the
             old
             Lady
             ,
             but
             she
             determin'd
             instantly
             to
             put
             her self
             into
             their
             Hands
             ,
             being
             resolv'd
             to
             run
             any
             Risque
             ,
             rather
             than
             live
             privately
             ,
             and
             be
             thus
             neglected
             .
             Pursuant
             to
             these
             Counsels
             ,
             she
             got
             out
             of
             the
             City
             privately
             with
             her
             Daughters
             and
             Grand-children
             ,
             and
             was
             conducted
             by
             the
             said
             Soldiers
             of
             her
             Acquaintance
             that
             were
             fled
             from
             Rome
             ,
             to
             the
             Fortifications
             of
             the
             Camp
             ,
             where
             she
             easily
             gain'd
             Admittance
             ;
             and
             the
             Question
             being
             put
             ,
             the
             Soldiers
             were
             all
             unanimous
             ,
             that
             their
             young
             Emperor
             should
             be
             called
             Antonine
             :
             After
             which
             ,
             they
             put
             upon
             him
             Purple
             Robes
             .
             Then
             they
             laid
             in
             Provisions
             ,
             and
             took
             in
             their
             Wives
             and
             Children
             ,
             and
             all
             their
             Effects
             that
             were
             in
             the
             adjacent
             Country
             or
             Villages
             ,
             and
             shutting
             up
             their
             Gates
             ,
             began
             to
             put
             themselves
             into
             a
             Posture
             of
             Defence
             ,
             so
             as
             to
             endure
             a
             formal
             Siege
             ,
             if
             Occasion
             should
             require
             .
          
           
           
             Macrinus
             receiv'd
             Advertisement
             hereof
             when
             he
             was
             in
             Antioch
             ;
             and
             the
             News
             was
             carried
             to
             all
             the
             other
             Armies
             ,
             that
             a
             Son
             was
             found
             to
             Antonine
             ,
             and
             that
             
             Julia's
             Sister
             distributed
             Money
             to
             the
             Soldiers
             .
             They
             took
             Things
             upon
             trust
             ,
             and
             thought
             every
             Thing
             true
             that
             was
             related
             to
             them
             for
             such
             ,
             and
             were
             in
             great
             uncertainty
             of
             Mind
             .
             Their
             Disaffection
             to
             Macrinus
             ,
             and
             a
             kind
             of
             Compassion
             which
             they
             had
             for
             the
             Memory
             of
             Antonine
             ,
             were
             of
             some
             force
             to
             make
             them
             desire
             a
             Revolution
             ;
             but
             the
             Hopes
             of
             Gain
             had
             the
             greatest
             weight
             ,
             and
             influenc'd
             great
             Numbers
             to
             fly
             over
             to
             the
             new
             Antonine
             .
          
           
             Macrinus
             look'd
             upon
             all
             this
             as
             a
             Childish
             Enterprize
             ,
             and
             retaining
             his
             usual
             gaiety
             of
             Temper
             ,
             staid
             at
             home
             ,
             and
             sent
             Julian
             ,
             one
             of
             his
             Generals
             ,
             with
             a
             sufficient
             Force
             ,
             as
             he
             thought
             ,
             to
             reduce
             the
             Rebels
             ;
             who
             no
             sooner
             approach'd
             their
             Walls
             ,
             but
             they
             shew'd
             their
             young
             Emperor
             upon
             the
             Turrets
             and
             Ramparts
             ,
             and
             shouted
             aloud
             ,
             
               Behold
               
               the
               Son
               of
            
             Antonine
             !
             They
             also
             held
             up
             Bags
             full
             of
             Money
             ,
             well
             understanding
             ,
             that
             nothing
             was
             a
             more
             effectual
             Bait
             to
             tempt
             Traytors
             .
             And
             so
             it
             hapned
             ;
             for
             
             Julian's
             Soldiers
             easily
             believ'd
             he
             was
             
             Antonine's
             Son
             ,
             and
             perswading
             themselves
             that
             he
             extremely
             resembled
             him
             ,
             cut
             off
             
             Julian's
             Head
             ,
             and
             sent
             it
             to
             Macrinus
             ,
             and
             were
             receiv'd
             with
             open
             Gates
             into
             the
             Camp.
             After
             this
             Reinforcement
             ,
             the
             Rebels
             were
             in
             Condition
             not
             only
             to
             hold
             out
             a
             Siege
             ,
             but
             to
             engage
             in
             a
             pitch'd
             Battel
             :
             Their
             Numbers
             also
             encreas'd
             every
             Day
             ,
             by
             Deserters
             that
             came
             over
             to
             them
             .
          
           
             As
             soon
             as
             Macrinus
             receiv'd
             Advice
             of
             this
             Disaster
             ,
             he
             appointed
             a
             general
             Muster
             of
             his
             Forces
             ,
             and
             advanc'd
             with
             his
             whole
             Army
             against
             the
             Rebels
             ,
             resolving
             to
             force
             their
             Trenches
             .
             Antonine
             found
             that
             his
             Soldiers
             would
             not
             stay
             to
             be
             attack'd
             in
             their
             Camp
             ,
             but
             were
             ready
             to
             march
             out
             against
             Macrinus
             ,
             and
             give
             him
             Battel
             :
             So
             he
             drew
             his
             whole
             Force
             out
             into
             the
             Field
             .
             The
             Engagement
             was
             in
             the
             Confines
             of
             
             Syria
             and
             Phoenicia
             .
             Antonine's
             Soldiers
             were
             alarm'd
             by
             the
             Fears
             of
             Punishment
             for
             their
             traiterous
             Practices
             ,
             in
             case
             they
             should
             be
             vanquish'd
             ,
             and
             therefore
             they
             exerted
             their
             utmost
             Vigour
             ;
             but
             
             Macrinus's
             Men
             fought
             more
             lazily
             ,
             great
             Numbers
             deserting
             ,
             and
             going
             over
             to
             the
             Rebels
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             Macrinus
             fearing
             lest
             they
             should
             all
             abandon
             him
             ,
             and
             he
             should
             be
             made
             Prisoner
             by
             the
             Rebels
             ,
             and
             apprehending
             that
             his
             Usage
             would
             not
             be
             the
             best
             if
             he
             should
             fall
             into
             their
             Hands
             ,
             when
             it
             was
             almost
             Night
             ,
             and
             his
             Soldiers
             yet
             maintain'd
             the
             Fight
             ,
             he
             threw
             off
             his
             Imperial
             Cloak
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             other
             Badges
             of
             Majesty
             ,
             and
             fled
             ,
             being
             accompanied
             only
             by
             a
             few
             Captains
             ,
             whom
             he
             esteem'd
             the
             most
             faithful
             to
             his
             Interests
             .
             He
             shav'd
             his
             Beard
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             not
             be
             discover'd
             ,
             and
             putting
             himself
             in
             travelling
             Equipage
             ,
             he
             posted
             both
             Night
             and
             Day
             with
             his
             Head
             cover'd
             ,
             preventing
             even
             the
             Fame
             of
             his
             bad
             Fortune
             .
             The
             Captains
             were
             very
             diligent
             in
             pressing
             the
             Coaches
             ,
             as
             
             if
             Macrinus
             had
             still
             been
             Emperor
             ,
             and
             they
             had
             been
             sent
             on
             some
             important
             Dispatches
             .
          
           
             Thus
             Macrinus
             escap'd
             :
             The
             Engagement
             continu'd
             ;
             the
             Praetorian
             Band
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             select
             Number
             of
             the
             tallest
             Men
             ,
             chosen
             out
             of
             the
             whole
             Army
             to
             guard
             the
             Emperor's
             Person
             ,
             maintain'd
             their
             Ground
             ,
             and
             sustain'd
             the
             Fury
             of
             all
             the
             Enemies
             Forces
             ;
             the
             rest
             were
             all
             for
             Antonine
             .
             But
             when
             Macrinus
             had
             not
             been
             seen
             of
             a
             long
             time
             ,
             nor
             any
             Ensigns
             of
             Imperial
             Majesty
             could
             be
             descry'd
             ,
             and
             his
             Men
             knew
             not
             what
             was
             become
             of
             him
             ,
             whether
             he
             was
             slain
             or
             fled
             ,
             they
             were
             in
             great
             uncertainty
             what
             Measures
             to
             take
             ,
             but
             resolv'd
             at
             last
             to
             hazard
             themselves
             no
             longer
             for
             a
             Man
             that
             was
             no
             where
             to
             be
             found
             ;
             and
             yet
             they
             were
             afraid
             to
             render
             themselves
             ,
             and
             be
             cast
             on
             the
             Faith
             of
             the
             Enemy
             .
             As
             soon
             as
             Antonine
             understood
             by
             Deferters
             that
             Macrinus
             was
             fled
             ,
             he
             sent
             Heralds
             to
             signifie
             to
             his
             Men
             ,
             
               That
               it
               was
               in
               vain
               to
               fight
               for
               a
               Coward
               and
               a
               Fugitive
            
             ;
             and
             offer'd
             
             them
             a
             Pardon
             and
             Oblivion
             of
             what
             was
             past
             ,
             and
             swore
             he
             would
             observe
             it
             ,
             and
             constituted
             them
             his
             Life-guard
             .
             They
             accepted
             the
             Terms
             ,
             and
             submitted
             :
             Whereupon
             Antonine
             sent
             out
             a
             Detachment
             to
             pursue
             Macrinus
             ,
             who
             was
             got
             a
             considerable
             way
             before
             them
             .
             They
             found
             him
             at
             Chalcedon
             ,
             a
             City
             of
             Bithynia
             ,
             extremely
             indispos'd
             by
             the
             Fatigue
             of
             so
             long
             a
             Journey
             ,
             and
             took
             him
             in
             his
             Concealment
             in
             a
             Countryhouse-near
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             beheaded
             him
             .
             'T
             was
             said
             ,
             he
             was
             making
             what
             haste
             he
             could
             to
             Rome
             ,
             in
             confidence
             of
             the
             Zeal
             and
             Affections
             of
             the
             Populace
             ;
             but
             as
             he
             was
             passing
             over
             the
             Propontis
             into
             Europe
             ,
             he
             was
             forc'd
             back
             by
             contrary
             Gusts
             when
             he
             was
             near
             Byzantium
             ,
             even
             the
             Winds
             conspiring
             to
             draw
             him
             back
             to
             his
             Destruction
             .
             So
             near
             he
             was
             escaping
             his
             Pursuers
             .
             He
             died
             most
             infamously
             .
             He
             would
             have
             gone
             to
             Rome
             now
             ,
             when
             it
             was
             too
             late
             ;
             whereas
             he
             ought
             to
             have
             done
             it
             as
             soon
             as
             he
             was
             declar'd
             Emperor
             .
             Thus
             fell
             Macrinus
             ,
             both
             his
             Fortunes
             and
             his
             
             Counsels
             failing
             him
             ,
             together
             with
             his
             Son
             Diadumenianus
             ,
             whom
             he
             had
             made
             Caesar
             .
          
           
             After
             this
             ,
             the
             whole
             Army
             came
             over
             to
             Antonine
             ,
             and
             own'd
             him
             Emperor
             :
             So
             he
             took
             upon
             him
             the
             Supreme
             Authority
             ,
             and
             his
             Grandmother
             ,
             with
             the
             Assistance
             of
             her
             Friends
             ,
             made
             such
             Regulations
             in
             the
             East
             as
             the
             State
             of
             Affairs
             did
             most
             require
             ,
             (
             for
             the
             Emperor
             was
             very
             young
             ,
             and
             unskilful
             in
             Business
             and
             Letters
             )
             after
             which
             the
             Army
             was
             presently
             commanded
             to
             march
             ,
             Maesa
             being
             impatient
             to
             visit
             the
             Roman
             Court
             ,
             where
             she
             had
             liv'd
             so
             long
             .
          
           
             As
             soon
             as
             these
             Things
             were
             notified
             to
             the
             Roman
             People
             and
             Senate
             ,
             they
             were
             by
             no
             means
             satisfied
             ;
             but
             the
             Necessity
             of
             Affairs
             determin'd
             them
             to
             a
             Submission
             to
             what
             the
             Army
             had
             been
             pleas'd
             to
             ordain
             .
             Nevertheless
             ,
             all
             Men
             condemn'd
             
             Macrinus's
             Remisness
             ,
             and
             his
             loose
             and
             dissolute
             Manners
             ,
             and
             look'd
             upon
             him
             as
             the
             sole
             Author
             of
             his
             own
             Miseries
             .
          
           
           
             Antonine
             march'd
             out
             of
             Syria
             ,
             and
             the
             Season
             of
             the
             Year
             oblig'd
             him
             to
             Winter
             in
             Nicomedia
             .
             Here
             he
             ran
             into
             the
             most
             prodigious
             Riots
             and
             Excesses
             ,
             turn'd
             the
             Worship
             of
             his
             God
             into
             a
             Scene
             of
             Buffoonry
             ,
             was
             beyond
             measure
             luxurious
             in
             his
             Clothes
             ,
             wore
             Purple
             Silks
             flower'd
             with
             Gold
             ,
             and
             was
             always
             nicely
             deck'd
             with
             Jewels
             ,
             Bracelets
             ,
             and
             Coronets
             made
             in
             the
             Fashion
             of
             a
             Turban
             ,
             and
             embelish'd
             with
             Gold
             and
             great
             Variety
             of
             Precious
             Stones
             .
             His
             Habit
             was
             between
             the
             Sacred
             Robe
             of
             the
             Phoenicians
             ,
             and
             the
             soft
             Apparel
             of
             the
             Medes
             .
             He
             scorn'd
             the
             Attire
             of
             the
             Greeks
             and
             Romans
             ,
             because
             it
             was
             made
             of
             Cloth
             ,
             which
             he
             us'd
             to
             term
             a
             vile
             Manufacture
             .
             Nothing
             would
             please
             him
             but
             Syrian
             Silks
             ,
             in
             which
             he
             often
             appear'd
             abroad
             with
             a
             Consort
             of
             Flutes
             and
             Pipes
             ,
             to
             celebrate
             the
             Orgies
             of
             his
             God.
             
          
           
             This
             Conduct
             of
             his
             did
             not
             please
             Maesa
             by
             any
             Means
             ;
             she
             laid
             out
             her
             utmost
             Efforts
             to
             reconcile
             him
             to
             the
             Roman
             Habit
             ,
             and
             remonstrated
             to
             him
             ,
             
             
               if
               he
               should
               enter
               the
               City
               and
               Senate
               in
               that
               Garb
               ,
               how
               offensive
               it
               would
               be
               to
               the
            
             Romans
             ,
             
               who
               are
               not
               accustom'd
               to
               these
               Fopperies
               ,
               esteeming
               them
               unworthy
               of
               a
               Man
               ,
               and
               tolerable
               only
               in
               the
               weaker
               Sex.
            
             But
             he
             took
             little
             notice
             of
             what
             she
             said
             ,
             nor
             would
             hearken
             to
             any
             Lectures
             that
             were
             read
             to
             him
             upon
             that
             Subject
             by
             any
             body
             else
             :
             For
             he
             admitted
             none
             into
             any
             degree
             of
             Intimacy
             but
             Flatterers
             ,
             and
             Men
             of
             his
             own
             Morals
             ,
             that
             would
             make
             no
             scruple
             to
             extol
             even
             the
             worst
             of
             his
             Vices
             .
             Moreover
             he
             resolv'd
             to
             use
             the
             Senate
             and
             People
             of
             Rome
             to
             the
             Sight
             of
             his
             Garb
             ,
             and
             try
             how
             they
             would
             bear
             it
             ,
             before
             he
             came
             amongst
             them
             ;
             and
             to
             this
             end
             caus'd
             his
             Picture
             to
             be
             taken
             at
             length
             in
             all
             his
             Formalities
             ,
             in
             which
             he
             appear'd
             in
             Publick
             ,
             or
             when
             he
             sacrific'd
             .
             His
             God
             was
             represented
             in
             the
             same
             Piece
             ,
             and
             he
             was
             drawn
             sacrificing
             to
             him
             .
             This
             Draught
             he
             sent
             to
             Rome
             ,
             and
             order'd
             it
             to
             be
             plac'd
             in
             the
             middle
             of
             the
             Senate
             ,
             above
             the
             Image
             of
             Victory
             ,
             in
             the
             highest
             part
             of
             the
             House
             ,
             
             that
             when
             the
             Senators
             were
             assembled
             ,
             they
             might
             offer
             Incense
             and
             sacrifice
             Wine
             to
             it
             .
             He
             also
             gave
             out
             Injunctions
             ,
             that
             all
             the
             Roman
             Magistrates
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             perform'd
             Publick
             Sacrifices
             ,
             should
             invoke
             their
             new
             God
             Heliogabulus
             ,
             before
             any
             other
             God
             ordinarily
             mention'd
             at
             those
             Solemnities
             .
          
           
             When
             he
             arriv'd
             at
             Rome
             ,
             the
             People
             were
             not
             much
             startled
             at
             the
             Original
             ,
             having
             been
             so
             well
             us'd
             to
             the
             Copy
             .
             Here
             he
             threw
             a
             Largess
             amongst
             the
             People
             ,
             as
             is
             ordinary
             for
             Emperors
             upon
             their
             Accession
             to
             the
             Crown
             ,
             and
             exhibited
             Shews
             of
             all
             sorts
             with
             great
             Magnificence
             .
             Then
             he
             built
             a
             large
             and
             beautiful
             Temple
             for
             his
             God
             ,
             and
             commanded
             a
             great
             many
             Altars
             to
             be
             rais'd
             about
             it
             ,
             on
             which
             he
             sacrific'd
             every
             Day
             Hecatombs
             of
             Bulls
             ,
             and
             great
             Numbers
             of
             Sheep
             .
             He
             heap'd
             Spices
             upon
             them
             ,
             and
             pour'd
             out
             many
             Casks
             of
             the
             oldest
             and
             best
             Wine
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             Streams
             of
             Wine
             mix'd
             with
             Blood
             ran
             all
             over
             the
             Temple
             .
             After
             this
             he
             fell
             to
             dancing
             about
             the
             
             Altars
             ,
             to
             a
             Consort
             of
             all
             sort
             of
             Musical
             Instruments
             ,
             and
             the
             Phoenician
             Women
             fell
             in
             with
             him
             ,
             and
             tript
             it
             about
             with
             Cymbals
             and
             Timbrels
             in
             their
             Hands
             .
             During
             this
             Solemnity
             ,
             the
             Senators
             and
             Gentry
             of
             Rome
             stood
             about
             him
             in
             the
             form
             of
             a
             Theater
             .
             The
             Intrails
             of
             the
             Victims
             ,
             and
             the
             Spices
             ,
             were
             carried
             in
             Vessels
             of
             Gold
             ,
             upon
             the
             Heads
             ,
             not
             of
             Servants
             ,
             or
             Men
             of
             mean
             Condition
             ,
             but
             of
             his
             Generals
             ,
             and
             of
             Persons
             in
             the
             most
             honourable
             Employments
             ,
             that
             were
             habited
             after
             the
             Phoenician
             Fashion
             ,
             in
             Robes
             that
             came
             down
             to
             their
             Hands
             and
             Feet
             ,
             and
             wore
             Linen
             Shooes
             ,
             in
             imitation
             of
             the
             Prophets
             of
             those
             Countries
             .
             He
             thought
             he
             conferr'd
             a
             signal
             Honour
             on
             those
             whom
             he
             permitted
             to
             assist
             at
             those
             Solemnities
             .
          
           
             Tho'
             the
             Emperor
             seem'd
             thus
             entirely
             devoted
             to
             a
             Humour
             of
             Dancing
             and
             Sacrificing
             ,
             yet
             he
             put
             to
             death
             several
             rich
             and
             eminent
             Men
             ,
             who
             ,
             as
             he
             was
             inform'd
             ,
             dislik'd
             his
             Course
             of
             Life
             ,
             and
             had
             presum'd
             to
             make
             him
             
             the
             Subject
             of
             their
             Raillery
             .
             He
             took
             to
             Wife
             a
             Lady
             of
             the
             most
             Illustrious
             Quality
             amongst
             the
             Romans
             ,
             but
             divorc'd
             her
             soon
             after
             ,
             divested
             her
             of
             all
             Imperial
             Honours
             ,
             and
             confin'd
             her
             to
             a
             private
             Sphere
             .
             Afterwards
             ,
             that
             his
             Actions
             might
             have
             something
             of
             the
             Man
             in
             them
             ,
             pretending
             to
             be
             mightily
             in
             love
             with
             a
             Vestal
             Priestess
             ,
             that
             by
             the
             Sacred
             Constitutions
             of
             the
             Romans
             is
             oblig'd
             to
             perpetual
             Chastity
             ,
             he
             took
             her
             by
             force
             out
             of
             the
             Temple
             ,
             and
             married
             her
             :
             But
             that
             it
             might
             be
             done
             with
             as
             good
             a
             Grace
             as
             the
             Thing
             would
             bear
             ,
             he
             wrote
             to
             the
             Senate
             ,
             to
             extenuate
             the
             Guilt
             of
             an
             Action
             which
             was
             in
             it self
             so
             Criminal
             :
             The
             Substance
             of
             his
             Apology
             was
             ,
             
               That
               Humane
               Frailty
               had
               betray'd
               him
               into
               the
               Sin
               ;
               that
               his
               Passion
               for
               the
               Maid
               was
               extreme
               ;
               however
               ,
               no
               Match
               could
               be
               more
               congruous
               or
               sacred
               ,
               than
               that
               of
               a
               Priest
               with
               a
               Priestess
               .
            
             Not
             long
             after
             he
             divorc'd
             this
             Wife
             also
             ,
             and
             married
             for
             his
             third
             a
             Lady
             of
             
             Commodus's
             Family
             .
          
           
           
             Nor
             did
             he
             only
             play
             at
             Fast
             and
             Loose
             with
             Humane
             Matrimonies
             ,
             but
             was
             now
             seeking
             out
             for
             a
             Wife
             to
             his
             God.
             So
             he
             remov'd
             the
             Image
             of
             Pallas
             ,
             (
             which
             the
             Romans
             worship
             ,
             but
             are
             not
             allow'd
             to
             see
             )
             into
             his
             Bed-chamber
             .
             It
             had
             never
             been
             mov'd
             since
             it
             was
             brought
             from
             Troy
             ,
             but
             once
             when
             the
             Temple
             was
             in
             a
             Flame
             ,
             till
             now
             it
             was
             fetch'd
             into
             the
             Imperial
             Palace
             in
             order
             to
             be
             married
             .
             But
             afterward
             the
             Emperor
             reported
             ,
             
               That
               his
               God
               had
               no
               great
               Affection
               for
               such
               an
               arm'd
               Virago
            
             ;
             and
             therefore
             he
             sent
             for
             the
             Image
             of
             Urania
             ,
             which
             is
             held
             in
             great
             Veneration
             by
             the
             Carthaginians
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             Nations
             of
             Africk
             .
             It
             is
             suppos'd
             to
             be
             erected
             by
             the
             
               Phoenician
               Dido
            
             ,
             when
             she
             founded
             Carthage
             on
             the
             Ground
             which
             she
             encompass'd
             with
             the
             Bulls
             Hide
             .
             The
             Africans
             call
             it
             Urania
             ,
             and
             the
             
               Phoenicians
               ,
               Astroarch
            
             ,
             or
             
               the
               Moon
            
             :
             Whereupon
             the
             Emperor
             remark'd
             ,
             
               That
               the
               Match
               would
               be
               very
               suitable
               between
               the
            
             Sun
             and
             Moon
             ;
             and
             commanded
             the
             Image
             to
             be
             brought
             
             to
             Rome
             ,
             with
             all
             the
             rich
             Ornaments
             of
             the
             Temple
             ,
             and
             a
             very
             considerable
             Treasure
             ,
             which
             he
             order'd
             to
             be
             given
             with
             the
             Goddess
             as
             her
             Portion
             .
             Upon
             her
             arrival
             she
             was
             plac'd
             at
             a
             small
             Distance
             from
             the
             God
             ,
             and
             the
             Emperor
             issu'd
             out
             Orders
             to
             the
             People
             in
             Rome
             and
             Italy
             ,
             to
             celebrate
             a
             Festival
             ,
             with
             all
             the
             Demonstrations
             of
             Joy
             ,
             publick
             and
             private
             ,
             for
             the
             Marriage
             of
             the
             Gods.
             He
             built
             also
             a
             large
             and
             magnificent
             Temple
             near
             the
             City
             ,
             whither
             he
             made
             an
             Anniversary
             Procession
             with
             his
             God
             about
             Midsummer
             .
             He
             exhibited
             all
             sorts
             of
             Publick
             Entertainments
             ,
             as
             Stage-plays
             ,
             Chariot-races
             ,
             Banquets
             ,
             &c.
             which
             he
             thought
             were
             of
             a
             popular
             Nature
             ,
             and
             serv'd
             to
             amuse
             the
             Multitude
             .
             The
             Procession
             was
             in
             this
             manner
             .
             The
             God
             was
             seated
             in
             a
             Chariot
             richly
             adorn'd
             with
             Gold
             and
             Precious
             Stones
             ;
             in
             this
             he
             was
             carried
             out
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             with
             great
             Solemnity
             ,
             to
             the
             Temple
             .
             The
             Chariot
             was
             drawn
             by
             Six
             white
             Horses
             ,
             that
             were
             above
             the
             ordinary
             Proportion
             ,
             
             and
             richly
             accouter'd
             :
             The
             God
             held
             the
             Reins
             .
             No
             Mortal
             ever
             sat
             in
             the
             Chariot
             ,
             but
             all
             stood
             around
             and
             attended
             the
             Divine
             Charioteer
             .
             The
             Emperor
             held
             the
             Bridle
             ,
             and
             ran
             all
             the
             way
             backward
             ,
             keeping
             his
             Eyes
             fix'd
             upon
             the
             Image
             .
             The
             Way
             was
             strow'd
             with
             Filings
             of
             Gold
             ,
             and
             he
             was
             supported
             by
             Soldiers
             on
             both
             Sides
             ,
             to
             prevent
             his
             falling
             or
             stumbling
             ,
             his
             Eyes
             being
             so
             engag'd
             ,
             that
             he
             could
             not
             see
             his
             Way
             .
             The
             People
             ran
             on
             each
             Side
             with
             Torches
             ,
             Flowers
             ,
             and
             Garlands
             .
             Then
             came
             the
             Images
             of
             all
             the
             Gods
             ,
             with
             all
             the
             Ensigns
             of
             Imperial
             Majesty
             ,
             and
             the
             richest
             Furniture
             of
             the
             Palace
             ,
             and
             the
             most
             magnificent
             Ornaments
             of
             the
             Temple
             .
             All
             the
             Gentry
             of
             Rome
             ,
             and
             the
             whole
             Army
             ,
             march'd
             before
             the
             God
             with
             solemn
             Pace
             ,
             and
             conducted
             him
             to
             the
             Temple
             ,
             where
             when
             he
             was
             plac'd
             ,
             and
             the
             Sacrifices
             and
             Solemnities
             whereof
             we
             have
             before
             made
             mention
             were
             perform'd
             ,
             the
             Emperor
             from
             vastly
             high
             Turrets
             ,
             erected
             there
             by
             his
             Direction
             ,
             scatter'd
             ,
             by
             way
             
             of
             Largess
             amongst
             the
             Multitude
             ,
             Tickets
             for
             Goblets
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             ,
             for
             Clothes
             and
             Linen
             of
             all
             sorts
             ,
             for
             all
             Kinds
             of
             Beasts
             ,
             wild
             and
             tame
             ,
             except
             Hogs
             ,
             from
             which
             he
             abstain'd
             in
             conformity
             to
             the
             Phoenician
             Customs
             .
             Great
             Numbers
             perish'd
             in
             the
             scrambling
             for
             these
             Tickets
             ,
             being
             trod
             to
             death
             in
             the
             Crowd
             ,
             or
             push'd
             upon
             the
             Spears
             of
             the
             Soldiers
             ;
             so
             that
             it
             prov'd
             a
             fatal
             Festival
             to
             many
             .
             He
             often
             danc'd
             and
             drove
             in
             Publick
             ,
             disdain'd
             to
             cloak
             his
             Follies
             ,
             and
             appear'd
             abroad
             with
             his
             Eyes
             and
             Cheeks
             painted
             ,
             disfiguring
             that
             Beauty
             which
             Nature
             had
             bestow'd
             upon
             him
             ,
             by
             an
             uncomely
             Varnish
             .
          
           
             Maesa
             in
             this
             interim
             observ'd
             how
             much
             the
             Soldiers
             were
             disgusted
             with
             the
             Extravagances
             of
             their
             Prince
             ;
             and
             fearing
             ,
             if
             any
             thing
             should
             befall
             him
             ,
             that
             she
             should
             be
             forc'd
             to
             relapse
             into
             her
             private
             Condition
             ,
             she
             perswaded
             the
             light
             headed
             Youth
             to
             adopt
             Mammaea's
             Son
             ,
             that
             was
             his
             Cousin-german
             ,
             and
             her
             Grandson
             ,
             and
             declare
             him
             Caesar
             .
             
             To
             compass
             which
             ,
             she
             accosted
             him
             with
             a
             cajolling
             Harangue
             ,
             wherein
             she
             represented
             to
             him
             ,
             
               how
               suitable
               it
               would
               be
               to
               his
               Character
               to
               attend
               Religious
               Rites
               and
               Ceremonies
               ,
               to
               perform
               the
               Functions
               of
               his
               Office
               ,
               and
               assist
               at
               the
               Worship
               and
               Adoration
               of
               his
               God
               ;
               that
               in
               the
               mean
               time
               some
               Person
               should
               be
               impower'd
               to
               take
               care
               of
               the
               Civil
               Government
               ,
               to
               take
               from
               him
               the
               Burden
               of
               a
               Crown
               ,
               and
               free
               him
               from
               the
               Avocations
               which
               the
               Affairs
               of
               the
               Empire
               might
               otherwise
               give
               him
               ;
               and
               that
               this
               Trust
               ought
               rather
               to
               be
               committed
               to
               an
               Ally
               and
               a
               Relation
               ,
               than
               to
               a
               Stranger
               .
            
             Hereupon
             Alexian
             was
             alter'd
             into
             Alexander
             ,
             the
             Name
             of
             that
             renown'd
             Macedonian
             who
             was
             so
             highly
             esteem'd
             and
             honour'd
             by
             Antonine
             ,
             the
             suppos'd
             Father
             of
             both
             these
             Princes
             :
             For
             both
             Maesa
             and
             her
             Daughters
             ,
             with
             a
             sort
             of
             Pride
             and
             Vanity
             ,
             publish'd
             their
             unlawful
             Amours
             with
             him
             ,
             to
             inflame
             the
             Affections
             of
             the
             Soldiers
             to
             their
             Sons
             .
             So
             Alexander
             was
             declar'd
             Caesar
             ,
             and
             join'd
             with
             Antonine
             in
             the
             Consulate
             ,
             after
             which
             he
             enter'd
             into
             the
             Senate
             ,
             and
             
             this
             Matter
             was
             ratified
             by
             the
             Authority
             of
             that
             Assembly
             .
             The
             Point
             was
             carried
             without
             any
             Opposition
             ,
             all
             Men
             concurring
             in
             the
             Decree
             ,
             tho'
             nothing
             could
             be
             more
             ridiculous
             and
             absurd
             ,
             Antonine
             ,
             who
             was
             only
             Sixteen
             Years
             old
             ,
             being
             made
             Father
             to
             Alexander
             ,
             who
             was
             then
             in
             his
             Twelfth
             Year
             ,
             by
             vertue
             thereof
             .
          
           
             No
             sooner
             was
             he
             declar'd
             Caesar
             ,
             but
             Antonine
             had
             a
             mind
             to
             train
             him
             up
             in
             his
             own
             Method
             :
             He
             would
             have
             him
             dance
             ,
             and
             bear
             a
             Share
             in
             the
             Priest's
             Office
             ,
             wear
             the
             same
             Habit
             ,
             and
             do
             the
             same
             Thing
             that
             he
             did
             :
             But
             his
             Mother
             had
             an
             Eye
             upon
             him
             ,
             and
             restrain'd
             him
             from
             all
             Indecencies
             that
             might
             ill
             beseem
             a
             Man
             in
             his
             Station
             ,
             sent
             privately
             for
             Masters
             in
             all
             Sorts
             of
             Learning
             ,
             infus'd
             into
             him
             honest
             and
             sober
             Notions
             and
             Principles
             ,
             accustom'd
             him
             to
             Wrestling
             ,
             and
             other
             manly
             Exercises
             ,
             and
             instructed
             him
             in
             the
             Greek
             and
             Latin
             Learning
             .
          
           
             These
             Things
             highly
             offended
             Antonine
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             he
             repented
             that
             he
             
             had
             adopted
             him
             ,
             and
             made
             him
             his
             Collegue
             .
             He
             commanded
             all
             his
             Masters
             instantly
             to
             depart
             the
             Court
             ,
             some
             of
             the
             most
             eminent
             he
             put
             to
             death
             ,
             others
             he
             banish'd
             ,
             ridiculously
             alledging
             for
             Reasons
             to
             justifie
             these
             Severities
             ,
             
               That
               they
               corrupted
               his
               Son
               ,
               that
               they
               would
               not
               suffer
               him
               to
               dance
               and
               revel
               ,
               that
               they
               ty'd
               him
               up
               to
               Modesty
               of
               Behaviour
               ,
               and
               instructed
               him
               in
               Manly
               Duties
               .
            
             Yea
             ,
             his
             Infatuation
             ran
             so
             high
             ,
             that
             he
             advanc'd
             Stage-players
             and
             common
             Actors
             to
             the
             highest
             Dignities
             in
             the
             Empire
             .
             He
             gave
             the
             Command
             of
             the
             Praetorian
             Band
             to
             one
             that
             had
             danc'd
             publickly
             on
             the
             Theater
             ;
             he
             took
             another
             from
             the
             Stage
             to
             superintend
             the
             Education
             of
             Youth
             ,
             and
             to
             approve
             and
             admit
             such
             as
             were
             elected
             into
             the
             Order
             of
             Gentlemen
             or
             Senators
             .
             He
             committed
             to
             Chariot-drivers
             ,
             Comedians
             ,
             and
             Buffoons
             ,
             the
             Execution
             of
             the
             most
             important
             Trusts
             in
             the
             Government
             ,
             and
             gave
             the
             Lieutenancy
             of
             Provinces
             to
             such
             of
             his
             Slaves
             and
             Freed-men
             as
             had
             the
             greatest
             Vices
             to
             recommend
             
             them
             .
             These
             Things
             bred
             Discontents
             and
             ill
             Humours
             in
             the
             People
             ,
             but
             especially
             the
             Soldiers
             ;
             they
             despis'd
             him
             for
             his
             Niceness
             in
             adjusting
             the
             Air
             of
             his
             Face
             ,
             which
             was
             such
             as
             a
             Woman
             could
             not
             be
             guilty
             of
             ,
             without
             forfeiting
             her
             Claim
             to
             Modesty
             .
             He
             wore
             Necklaces
             of
             Gold
             ;
             his
             Clothes
             and
             Garniture
             were
             wonderfully
             effeminate
             ;
             and
             thus
             attir'd
             ,
             he
             danc'd
             frequently
             in
             Publick
             .
             So
             the
             Army
             and
             People
             were
             alienated
             from
             him
             ,
             and
             biass'd
             strongly
             in
             favour
             of
             Alexander
             .
             They
             conceiv'd
             greater
             Hopes
             in
             a
             Youth
             that
             was
             soberly
             and
             vertuously
             educated
             ,
             and
             guarded
             him
             with
             great
             diligence
             ,
             to
             defeat
             the
             Practices
             set
             afoot
             by
             his
             Brother
             against
             his
             Life
             .
             His
             Mother
             Mammaea
             would
             not
             suffer
             him
             to
             eat
             or
             drink
             any
             thing
             that
             was
             sent
             to
             him
             from
             that
             Hand
             .
             He
             did
             not
             make
             use
             of
             the
             Cooks
             and
             Butlers
             that
             ordinarily
             serv'd
             the
             Court
             ,
             but
             of
             such
             as
             his
             Mother
             made
             choice
             of
             ,
             after
             manifold
             Proofs
             of
             their
             Fidelity
             .
             She
             also
             sent
             Money
             to
             be
             distributed
             privately
             amongst
             the
             
             Soldiers
             ,
             to
             minister
             Fuel
             to
             their
             present
             Zeal
             for
             Alexander
             ,
             and
             to
             link
             them
             to
             his
             Interests
             by
             Money
             ,
             the
             Spring
             which
             gives
             Life
             to
             their
             most
             vigorous
             Motions
             .
          
           
             Antonine
             had
             Intimations
             of
             all
             these
             Things
             ,
             and
             left
             no
             Stone
             unturn'd
             to
             accomplish
             the
             Ruine
             of
             Alexander
             and
             his
             Mother
             ;
             but
             Maesa
             manag'd
             Matters
             with
             that
             Dexterity
             ,
             that
             he
             miscarried
             in
             all
             his
             Designs
             against
             them
             .
             She
             was
             a
             Woman
             of
             a
             subtil
             Brain
             ,
             and
             had
             liv'd
             many
             Years
             at
             Court
             with
             her
             Sister
             Julia
             ,
             Wife
             to
             Severus
             ,
             and
             was
             now
             let
             into
             all
             
             Antonine's
             Intrigues
             ,
             who
             was
             naturally
             shallow
             ,
             and
             still
             discovering
             himself
             ,
             and
             betraying
             his
             own
             Counsels
             .
          
           
             When
             he
             found
             that
             all
             his
             Projects
             to
             ruine
             his
             Brother
             fell
             to
             the
             Ground
             without
             effect
             ,
             he
             resolv'd
             to
             take
             from
             him
             the
             Title
             and
             Dignity
             of
             Caesar
             ,
             and
             would
             not
             suffer
             him
             to
             be
             complimented
             ,
             nor
             permit
             any
             Respect
             to
             be
             paid
             him
             in
             Publick
             .
             The
             Soldiers
             enquir'd
             diligently
             after
             him
             ,
             and
             murmur'd
             extremely
             
             at
             his
             Disgrace
             .
             So
             Antonine
             spread
             a
             Report
             that
             he
             lay
             at
             the
             point
             of
             Death
             ,
             to
             try
             how
             the
             Army
             would
             take
             it
             ;
             which
             gave
             a
             deep
             Wound
             to
             them
             ,
             especially
             when
             he
             was
             no
             where
             to
             be
             found
             ,
             and
             put
             them
             in
             so
             violent
             a
             Rage
             ,
             that
             they
             refus'd
             to
             send
             the
             ordinary
             Guards
             to
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             but
             shut
             themselves
             up
             in
             the
             Camp
             ,
             and
             sent
             their
             Demands
             to
             Court
             ,
             requiring
             a
             View
             of
             Alexander
             in
             the
             Temple
             .
             This
             infinitely
             alarm'd
             Antonine
             ,
             so
             that
             without
             delay
             he
             took
             his
             Brother
             with
             him
             in
             his
             Imperial
             Chariot
             ,
             that
             was
             richly
             adorn'd
             with
             Gold
             and
             Precious
             Stones
             ,
             and
             drove
             with
             great
             haste
             to
             the
             Camp.
             The
             Soldiers
             receiv'd
             them
             both
             with
             open
             Gates
             ,
             and
             conducted
             them
             to
             the
             Temple
             in
             the
             Camp
             ;
             and
             Alexander
             was
             extravagantly
             caress'd
             by
             the
             whole
             Army
             ,
             and
             receiv'd
             with
             Shouts
             of
             Joy
             ;
             but
             Antonine
             was
             treated
             with
             Coldness
             and
             Neglect
             .
             This
             struck
             him
             to
             the
             Heart
             ;
             so
             lodging
             that
             Night
             in
             the
             Temple
             of
             the
             Camp
             ,
             and
             being
             not
             able
             to
             brook
             the
             Indignity
             ,
             
             he
             commanded
             the
             Men
             who
             had
             been
             the
             most
             forward
             in
             bestowing
             their
             Applauses
             upon
             Alexander
             to
             be
             seiz'd
             upon
             ,
             as
             the
             Authors
             of
             a
             Sedition
             and
             a
             Riot
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             be
             brought
             to
             condign
             Punishment
             .
             This
             begot
             a
             general
             Resentment
             in
             the
             Army
             ;
             they
             hated
             Antonine
             on
             a
             Foreign
             Score
             ,
             and
             had
             long
             wish'd
             that
             an
             end
             could
             be
             put
             to
             his
             infamous
             Deportment
             ;
             they
             also
             thought
             themselves
             bound
             in
             Honour
             to
             rescue
             their
             Companions
             that
             were
             under
             Arrest
             ;
             and
             at
             this
             time
             they
             seem'd
             to
             have
             just
             Grounds
             ,
             and
             a
             favourable
             Opportunity
             to
             effect
             what
             they
             desir'd
             .
             So
             they
             kill'd
             Antonine
             and
             his
             Mother
             ,
             who
             was
             there
             present
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             her
             Character
             and
             Alliance
             to
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             and
             massacred
             all
             the
             Tools
             and
             Instruments
             of
             his
             Villainies
             ,
             that
             were
             then
             assembled
             in
             the
             Camp.
             The
             dead
             Bodies
             of
             Antonine
             and
             his
             Mother
             were
             deliver'd
             over
             to
             the
             Scorn
             and
             Indignities
             of
             the
             Mob
             ,
             who
             after
             they
             had
             mangled
             and
             dragg'd
             them
             contemptuously
             about
             the
             City
             ,
             threw
             them
             into
             
             the
             Common
             Sewers
             that
             discharge
             themselves
             into
             the
             Tyber
             .
          
           
             Thus
             fell
             Antonine
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             reign'd
             Six
             Years
             ,
             and
             liv'd
             as
             we
             have
             related
             .
             Then
             the
             Army
             proceeded
             to
             proclaim
             Alexander
             Emperor
             ,
             and
             conducted
             him
             to
             the
             Imperial
             Palace
             ,
             being
             very
             young
             ,
             and
             remaining
             as
             yet
             under
             the
             Care
             and
             Tuition
             of
             his
             Mother
             and
             Grandmother
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           
           
             AN
             EPITOME
             OF
             THE
             Sixth
             Book
             .
          
           
             
               SEverus
               Alexander
            
             remains
             under
             the
             Care
             of
             his
             Mother
             and
             Grandmother
             ,
             and
             administers
             the
             Empire
             with
             great
             Moderation
             .
             He
             has
             a
             Council
             appointed
             of
             grave
             Men
             ,
             chosen
             out
             of
             the
             Senate
             ,
             by
             whose
             Advice
             and
             Assistance
             all
             Things
             as
             well
             Sacred
             as
             Profane
             ,
             are
             restor'd
             to
             their
             former
             State
             and
             Condition
             .
             Then
             he
             marries
             a
             Lady
             of
             Noble
             Birth
             ,
             and
             divorces
             her
             soon
             after
             ,
             being
             influenc'd
             in
             this
             Proceeding
             by
             his
             Mother
             ,
             whom
             in
             all
             Things
             he
             obey'd
             .
             Afterwards
             Artabanus
             King
             of
             Persia
             stirs
             up
             a
             Quarrel
             ,
             and
             Embassies
             are
             sent
             to
             and
             fro
             ,
             but
             without
             Effect
             .
             So
             he
             
             marches
             an
             Army
             into
             Asia
             ,
             and
             dividing
             his
             Forces
             into
             Three
             Parties
             ,
             enters
             the
             Enemies
             Country
             ;
             and
             after
             great
             Losses
             and
             Misfortunes
             ,
             returns
             to
             Antioch
             :
             From
             whence
             he
             is
             call'd
             back
             suddenly
             to
             oppose
             the
             Germans
             ,
             who
             had
             pass'd
             the
             Rhine
             and
             Danube
             ,
             and
             were
             entring
             in
             Hostile
             manner
             the
             Roman
             Territory
             ;
             but
             meeting
             here
             with
             the
             like
             ill
             Fortune
             ,
             he
             is
             kill'd
             by
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             and
             Maximine
             ,
             a
             Man
             of
             great
             Military
             Skill
             ,
             who
             then
             commanded
             the
             New
             Levies
             ,
             is
             elected
             in
             his
             Room
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Sixth
             Book
             .
          
           
             THe
             Account
             of
             
             Antonine's
             Death
             is
             deliver'd
             in
             the
             former
             Book
             :
             After
             which
             Alexander
             assum'd
             the
             Title
             of
             Emperor
             ,
             and
             appear'd
             in
             the
             Imperial
             Robes
             ;
             but
             the
             Regency
             and
             Conduct
             of
             Publick
             Affairs
             was
             in
             the
             Hands
             of
             the
             Women
             .
             They
             endeavour'd
             a
             Reformation
             of
             all
             Abuses
             ,
             and
             to
             put
             all
             Things
             in
             a
             more
             prudent
             and
             regular
             
             Course
             than
             they
             had
             been
             in
             the
             late
             Reign
             .
             And
             to
             this
             end
             ,
             in
             the
             first
             place
             ,
             they
             made
             choice
             of
             Sixteen
             of
             the
             most
             aged
             Men
             in
             the
             Senate
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             were
             in
             the
             greatest
             Reputation
             for
             Integrity
             and
             Probity
             of
             Manners
             ,
             who
             were
             to
             compose
             the
             young
             Emperor's
             Privy-Council
             ,
             and
             nothing
             was
             said
             or
             done
             without
             their
             Concurrence
             and
             Approbation
             .
             This
             Change
             in
             the
             Form
             of
             Government
             gave
             general
             Satisfaction
             to
             the
             Army
             ,
             Populace
             ,
             and
             Senate
             ,
             a
             sort
             of
             Aristocracy
             being
             introduc'd
             in
             the
             room
             of
             Tyranny
             and
             
               Arbitrary
               Power
            
             .
             Then
             they
             restor'd
             the
             Images
             of
             the
             Gods
             ,
             that
             had
             been
             remov'd
             by
             Antonine
             ,
             to
             their
             respective
             Temples
             and
             Fanes
             :
             And
             all
             those
             that
             had
             in
             the
             late
             Reign
             been
             advanc'd
             undeservedly
             ,
             or
             upon
             the
             bare
             Recommendations
             of
             their
             Vices
             ,
             to
             Honours
             and
             Dignities
             ,
             were
             turn'd
             out
             ,
             and
             order'd
             to
             betake
             themselves
             to
             their
             former
             Mysteries
             and
             Vocations
             .
             All
             Civil
             Offices
             ,
             and
             Employments
             appertaining
             to
             the
             Law
             ,
             were
             fill'd
             with
             
             Men
             famous
             for
             their
             Learning
             and
             Eminency
             in
             that
             Knowledge
             ;
             and
             Offices
             Military
             were
             bestow'd
             on
             Captains
             of
             the
             greatest
             Experience
             in
             the
             Art
             of
             War.
             
          
           
             Thus
             was
             the
             Empire
             administred
             for
             a
             long
             time
             ,
             when
             Maesa
             having
             arriv'd
             to
             a
             great
             Age
             departed
             this
             Life
             .
             Her
             Funeral
             was
             solemniz'd
             with
             Imperial
             Ceremonies
             ,
             and
             she
             was
             Deified
             according
             to
             the
             Roman
             Custom
             .
          
           
             Mammaea
             seeing
             the
             sole
             Guardianship
             of
             her
             Son
             devolv'd
             upon
             her self
             ,
             endeavour'd
             to
             bear
             the
             same
             Sway
             ,
             and
             govern
             him
             still
             by
             the
             same
             Measures
             :
             But
             now
             he
             had
             the
             Authority
             of
             the
             Government
             in
             his
             Hand
             ,
             she
             was
             afraid
             lest
             being
             then
             in
             the
             Heat
             of
             Youth
             ,
             and
             conscious
             of
             his
             own
             unlimited
             Power
             ,
             he
             might
             be
             push'd
             on
             to
             some
             Vices
             and
             Irregularities
             incident
             to
             his
             Blood
             and
             Family
             ,
             and
             therefore
             set
             a
             strong
             Guard
             about
             the
             Court
             ,
             and
             would
             not
             permit
             any
             Person
             to
             come
             near
             him
             that
             was
             censur'd
             for
             any
             Immorality
             in
             his
             Conversation
             ,
             for
             fear
             
             they
             should
             debauch
             his
             native
             Innocence
             ,
             and
             spur
             on
             Nature
             ,
             now
             he
             was
             vegete
             and
             young
             ,
             to
             dishonest
             Passions
             and
             Appetites
             .
             She
             advis'd
             him
             to
             attend
             principally
             the
             Administration
             of
             Justice
             ,
             and
             to
             set
             apart
             the
             best
             Portion
             of
             his
             Time
             for
             the
             Discharge
             of
             that
             Trust
             ,
             that
             being
             employ'd
             about
             greater
             Affairs
             ,
             and
             more
             important
             to
             the
             Publick
             Welfare
             ,
             he
             might
             not
             have
             leisure
             to
             pursue
             vain
             and
             sinful
             Amusements
             .
          
           
             Alexander
             had
             a
             mild
             and
             benign
             Nature
             ,
             disposing
             him
             always
             to
             Humanity
             and
             Compassion
             ,
             which
             was
             manifested
             in
             the
             ensuing
             Course
             of
             his
             Life
             .
             His
             Government
             was
             so
             gentle
             ,
             that
             in
             Fourteen
             Years
             not
             one
             Man
             was
             put
             to
             death
             ,
             tho'
             many
             were
             convicted
             of
             Crimes
             of
             the
             highest
             Nature
             .
             He
             would
             never
             proceed
             to
             Capital
             Punishments
             ;
             a
             Clemency
             so
             exemplary
             ,
             that
             never
             any
             Prince
             since
             Marcus
             came
             up
             to
             it
             ;
             and
             I
             'm
             confident
             no
             Man
             can
             affirm
             ,
             that
             in
             the
             whole
             Course
             of
             his
             Reign
             (
             tho'
             it
             continu'd
             many
             Years
             )
             any
             Man
             
             suffer'd
             Death
             without
             a
             fair
             and
             legal
             Trial.
             
          
           
             He
             censur'd
             his
             Mother
             extremely
             ,
             and
             was
             highly
             offended
             at
             her
             unmeasurable
             Covetousness
             ,
             and
             indecent
             Zeal
             in
             heaping
             up
             Money
             ;
             for
             she
             pretended
             to
             act
             in
             this
             Matter
             with
             a
             different
             View
             from
             what
             she
             did
             ,
             (
             viz.
             )
             that
             the
             Emperor
             might
             never
             find
             his
             Exchequer
             unfurnish'd
             ,
             whenever
             he
             had
             an
             Occasion
             to
             distribute
             Munificences
             amongst
             the
             Soldiers
             ;
             whereas
             she
             was
             laying
             in
             a
             private
             Fund
             for
             her self
             at
             home
             .
             This
             cast
             a
             great
             Blemish
             upon
             his
             Government
             ,
             that
             a
             Woman
             should
             presume
             to
             pillage
             the
             Subject
             ,
             and
             make
             Invasions
             on
             their
             Property
             ,
             notwithstanding
             the
             Emperor
             disapprov'd
             ,
             and
             in
             his
             own
             Judgment
             oppos'd
             it
             .
          
           
             About
             this
             time
             Mammaea
             marry'd
             her
             Son
             to
             a
             Roman
             Lady
             of
             high
             Birth
             ,
             whom
             she
             afterwards
             by
             insupportable
             Usage
             constrain'd
             to
             leave
             the
             Court
             ,
             tho'
             she
             was
             passionately
             belov'd
             by
             the
             Emperor
             .
             She
             affected
             the
             Title
             of
             Sole
             Empress
             ,
             and
             envy'd
             her
             a
             Share
             in
             that
             
             Honour
             ,
             and
             proceeded
             at
             length
             to
             those
             Outrages
             ,
             that
             the
             Father
             of
             the
             young
             Empress
             ,
             who
             was
             then
             in
             great
             Esteem
             and
             Credit
             with
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             impatient
             of
             the
             Injuries
             with
             which
             she
             loaded
             both
             himself
             and
             his
             Daughter
             ,
             retir'd
             from
             the
             Court
             to
             the
             Camp
             ,
             where
             he
             made
             publick
             Acknowledgments
             of
             the
             great
             Respect
             which
             had
             been
             always
             paid
             him
             by
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             but
             complain'd
             of
             the
             insolent
             Deportment
             of
             Mammaea
             ;
             which
             exasperated
             her
             to
             that
             degree
             ,
             that
             she
             instantly
             gave
             out
             Orders
             to
             put
             him
             to
             death
             ,
             commanded
             his
             Daughter
             to
             depart
             the
             Court
             ,
             and
             banish'd
             her
             into
             
               Africk
               .
               Alexander
            
             acted
             in
             this
             Affair
             by
             Compulsion
             ,
             contrary
             to
             his
             own
             Judgment
             and
             Inclination
             ;
             for
             so
             arbitrary
             was
             Mammaea
             ,
             and
             so
             absolute
             and
             Ascendant
             had
             she
             over
             him
             ,
             that
             he
             render'd
             an
             universal
             Obedience
             to
             all
             her
             Commands
             .
          
           
             This
             Easiness
             and
             Obsequiousness
             to
             his
             Mother
             ,
             even
             to
             a
             Crime
             ,
             in
             Things
             which
             he
             manifestly
             dislik'd
             ,
             was
             the
             
             only
             Thing
             for
             which
             this
             Prince
             could
             justly
             be
             blamed
             .
          
           
             
               Having
               thus
               for
               Thirteen
               Years
               (
               as
               to
               what
               respected
               himself
               )
               administer'd
               the
               Empire
               so
               as
               not
               to
               afford
               Subject
               of
               Complaint
               ,
               in
               the
               Fourteenth
               Year
               of
               his
               Reign
               there
               came
               Letters
               from
               the
               Praefects
               of
            
             Syria
             and
             Mesopotamia
             ,
             
               with
               the
               following
               Advices
            
             ,
             viz.
             That
             Artaxerxes
             King
             of
             Persia
             having
             conquer'd
             Parthia
             ,
             and
             subdu'd
             the
             Kingdoms
             of
             the
             East
             ,
             and
             kill'd
             the
             Great
             King
             Artabanus
             ,
             (
             who
             was
             the
             first
             that
             had
             bore
             that
             Title
             ,
             and
             wore
             a
             double
             Diadem
             )
             had
             reduc'd
             under
             his
             Dominion
             all
             the
             Barbarous
             Nations
             on
             that
             Side
             ,
             and
             made
             them
             Tributary
             ;
             and
             not
             being
             content
             with
             his
             Acquisitions
             on
             the
             other
             Side
             the
             Tigris
             ,
             had
             pass'd
             the
             River
             ,
             made
             an
             Impression
             upon
             the
             Roman
             Frontiers
             ,
             over-run
             Mesopotamia
             ,
             threatned
             Syria
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             Continent
             that
             lies
             opposite
             to
             Europe
             ,
             which
             is
             call'd
             Asia
             ,
             and
             is
             bounded
             by
             the
             Propontis
             and
             the
             Aegean
             ;
             pretending
             ,
             that
             these
             vast
             Tracts
             were
             the
             Possessions
             of
             his
             Ancestors
             ,
             and
             as
             such
             he
             would
             re-unite
             
             them
             to
             the
             Persian
             Empire
             :
             And
             farther
             setting
             forth
             ,
             That
             from
             the
             Reign
             of
             Cyrus
             ,
             who
             first
             translated
             the
             Empire
             from
             the
             Medes
             to
             the
             Persians
             ,
             to
             the
             Times
             of
             Darius
             ,
             who
             was
             vanquish'd
             and
             depos'd
             by
             the
             Macedonian
             Arms
             ,
             all
             those
             Countries
             as
             far
             as
             Ionia
             and
             Caria
             were
             govern'd
             by
             Persian
             Vice-Roys
             ;
             and
             that
             he
             esteem'd
             himself
             in
             Honour
             bound
             to
             cause
             Restitution
             to
             be
             made
             of
             all
             the
             ancient
             Dependences
             of
             the
             Persian
             Empire
             .
          
           
             This
             unexpected
             News
             extremely
             alarm'd
             Alexander
             ,
             who
             had
             been
             bred
             up
             in
             the
             Softness
             and
             Luxury
             of
             Rome
             ,
             and
             had
             enjoy'd
             hitherto
             an
             uninterrupted
             Calm
             :
             However
             ,
             his
             Council
             was
             conven'd
             ,
             and
             he
             communicated
             to
             them
             his
             Intelligence
             ;
             whereupon
             it
             was
             resolv'd
             ,
             that
             Ambassadors
             should
             be
             dispatch'd
             with
             Letters
             ,
             which
             't
             was
             believ'd
             would
             check
             the
             Hopes
             and
             Attempts
             of
             these
             Barbarous
             Invaders
             .
          
           
             In
             pursuance
             of
             these
             Resolutions
             ,
             Letters
             were
             sent
             ,
             purporting
             ,
             
               That
               they
               ought
               to
               content
               themselves
               with
               their
               own
               Territories
               ,
               and
               not
               endeavour
               to
               enlarge
               
               them
               by
               new
               Conquests
               ;
               that
               they
               should
               not
               suffer
               themselves
               to
               be
               lift
               up
               by
               vain
               Hopes
               ,
               to
               engage
               in
               a
               War
               with
               a
               powerful
               Enemy
               ;
               that
               they
               could
               not
               expect
               the
               like
               fortunate
               Issue
               of
               their
               Combates
               with
               the
            
             Romans
             ,
             
               which
               they
               had
               found
               against
               their
               Barbarous
               Neighbours
            
             ;
             and
             reminded
             them
             withal
             of
             the
             Victories
             heretofore
             obtain'd
             over
             them
             by
             
               Augustus
               ,
               Trajan
               ,
               Lucius
            
             ,
             and
             Severus
             .
             These
             Letters
             the
             Emperor
             thought
             would
             either
             perswade
             or
             terrifie
             the
             Barbarian
             into
             a
             Disposition
             to
             be
             quiet
             ;
             but
             they
             made
             no
             Impression
             upon
             him
             .
             Axtaxerxes
             thought
             it
             was
             not
             Words
             but
             the
             Sword
             must
             do
             his
             Business
             ,
             and
             therefore
             he
             push'd
             on
             the
             War
             with
             greater
             vigour
             ,
             spoiling
             and
             wasting
             all
             the
             Roman
             Territory
             .
             Mesopotamia
             he
             ravag'd
             both
             with
             his
             Foot
             and
             Cavalry
             ,
             and
             began
             to
             carry
             off
             the
             Plunder
             ,
             attack'd
             the
             Roman
             Camps
             which
             were
             pitch'd
             on
             the
             Banks
             of
             the
             Rivers
             ,
             to
             cover
             the
             Frontiers
             of
             the
             Empire
             ;
             and
             being
             naturally
             arrogant
             ,
             and
             at
             this
             time
             elevated
             by
             his
             late
             unexpected
             Successes
             ,
             he
             thought
             
             easily
             to
             surmount
             all
             Opposition
             .
             Many
             and
             weighty
             Motives
             conspir'd
             to
             make
             him
             desire
             an
             Elargement
             of
             his
             Empire
             :
             He
             was
             the
             first
             that
             had
             dar'd
             to
             make
             a
             War
             on
             the
             Parthians
             ,
             and
             had
             after
             a
             long
             Interval
             retriev'd
             the
             Persian
             Monarchy
             :
             For
             after
             the
             Overthrow
             of
             Darius
             by
             the
             Arms
             of
             Macedon
             ,
             the
             Macedonians
             ,
             and
             those
             that
             succeeded
             Alexander
             for
             a
             long
             Series
             of
             Time
             ,
             shar'd
             Asia
             and
             the
             Kingdoms
             of
             the
             East
             among
             themselves
             ,
             exercising
             Regal
             Authority
             in
             their
             respective
             Territories
             ,
             until
             Arsaces
             the
             Parthian
             ,
             taking
             advantage
             of
             their
             Animosities
             and
             frequent
             Wars
             ,
             by
             which
             the
             Macedonian
             Force
             was
             considerably
             weakned
             ,
             perswaded
             the
             Barbarians
             on
             that
             Side
             to
             a
             general
             Revolt
             ,
             and
             was
             elected
             their
             Ruler
             by
             the
             unanimous
             Consent
             of
             Parthia
             and
             the
             adjoining
             Countries
             ;
             and
             accordingly
             he
             reign'd
             over
             them
             ,
             and
             his
             Empire
             continu'd
             in
             his
             Family
             for
             several
             Ages
             ,
             descending
             in
             an
             uninterrupted
             Course
             of
             Succession
             ,
             till
             it
             devolv'd
             on
             Artabanus
             ,
             who
             lived
             in
             our
             
             Times
             :
             So
             Artaxerxes
             having
             slain
             this
             Artabanus
             ,
             and
             re-established
             the
             Persian
             Monarchy
             ,
             and
             subdu'd
             all
             his
             Barbarous
             Neighbours
             ,
             had
             opened
             an
             easie
             Passage
             for
             his
             Forces
             to
             assail
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             .
          
           
             Alexander
             being
             in
             Rome
             ,
             was
             advertis'd
             of
             the
             Hostilities
             committed
             by
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             and
             their
             Insolence
             ,
             which
             was
             now
             insupportable
             even
             in
             his
             own
             Judgment
             ;
             and
             being
             press'd
             by
             the
             Instances
             of
             his
             Generals
             in
             those
             Parts
             ,
             began
             to
             put
             all
             Things
             in
             readiness
             for
             an
             Expedition
             against
             them
             ,
             tho'
             with
             some
             Reluctancy
             ,
             and
             after
             much
             struggling
             with
             his
             natural
             Aversions
             to
             a
             War.
             Accordingly
             he
             proceeded
             to
             make
             his
             Levies
             in
             Italy
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             Provinces
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             requiring
             all
             Men
             whom
             Age
             or
             Habit
             of
             Body
             had
             not
             rendred
             uncapable
             ,
             to
             enter
             into
             his
             Service
             .
             So
             Musters
             were
             made
             with
             great
             Vigour
             and
             Application
             throughout
             the
             whole
             Empire
             ,
             to
             raise
             an
             Army
             sufficient
             to
             cope
             with
             the
             Barbarian
             Force
             ;
             and
             Alexander
             having
             given
             out
             
             Orders
             for
             the
             Praetorian
             Soldiers
             to
             assemble
             in
             the
             Field
             ,
             delivered
             himself
             to
             them
             in
             the
             following
             Speech
             ,
             from
             a
             Throne
             there
             erected
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     ALEXANDER'S
                     SPEECH
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     Could
                     wish
                     ,
                     Gentlemen
                     ,
                     that
                     what
                     I
                     'm
                     going
                     to
                     say
                     to
                     you
                     might
                     produce
                     the
                     same
                     happy
                     Effects
                     which
                     my
                     Speeches
                     have
                     hitherto
                     done
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     might
                     redound
                     to
                     the
                     Reputation
                     of
                     the
                     Speaker
                     ,
                     and
                     give
                     universal
                     Satisfaction
                     to
                     those
                     that
                     hear
                     me
                     .
                     'T
                     is
                     possible
                     that
                     after
                     so
                     long
                     a
                     Peace
                     ,
                     you
                     may
                     be
                     startled
                     at
                     the
                     News
                     of
                     an
                     unexpected
                     War
                     :
                     But
                     't
                     is
                     the
                     Part
                     of
                     Wise
                     and
                     Valiant
                     Men
                     to
                     wish
                     for
                     the
                     best
                     ,
                     but
                     to
                     bear
                     what
                     happens
                     ,
                     and
                     acquiesce
                     under
                     all
                     the
                     Dispensations
                     of
                     Heaven
                     .
                     Pleasure
                     is
                     sweet
                     in
                     the
                     Enjoyment
                     ,
                     but
                     Glory
                     's
                     the
                     Reward
                     of
                     Vertue
                     .
                     As
                     he
                     that
                     offers
                     an
                     Injury
                     ,
                     must
                     needs
                     be
                     sensible
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     feel
                     Remorses
                     within
                     himself
                     ;
                     so
                     he
                     that
                     repels
                     an
                     unlawful
                     Aggressor
                     ,
                     is
                     animated
                     by
                     his
                     Conscience
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Goodness
                     of
                     his
                     Cause
                     gives
                     him
                     the
                     strongest
                     Assurance
                     of
                     Success
                     .
                     Artaxerxes
                     
                     having
                     murder'd
                     Artabanus
                     ,
                     his
                     Royal
                     Lord
                     and
                     Master
                     ,
                     contemns
                     the
                     Terror
                     of
                     our
                     Arms
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Glory
                     of
                     our
                     Empire
                     ,
                     and
                     openly
                     spoils
                     and
                     ravages
                     our
                     Provinces
                     .
                     I
                     first
                     essay'd
                     by
                     Reasoning
                     and
                     Debate
                     to
                     divert
                     him
                     from
                     this
                     insatiate
                     Madness
                     ,
                     and
                     exhorted
                     him
                     to
                     be
                     content
                     with
                     his
                     own
                     Possessions
                     ,
                     for
                     which
                     end
                     I
                     sent
                     Letters
                     to
                     him
                     ;
                     but
                     he
                     ,
                     out
                     of
                     the
                     abundance
                     of
                     his
                     barbarous
                     Arrogance
                     ,
                     disdains
                     to
                     stay
                     within
                     his
                     own
                     Territories
                     ,
                     but
                     defies
                     us
                     ,
                     and
                     provokes
                     us
                     to
                     a
                     Battel
                     .
                     'T
                     is
                     my
                     Opinion
                     clearly
                     ,
                     that
                     we
                     advance
                     against
                     them
                     with
                     all
                     possible
                     speed
                     .
                     To
                     the
                     Veterans
                     among
                     you
                     my
                     Advice
                     is
                     ,
                     That
                     you
                     reflect
                     upon
                     the
                     Conquests
                     you
                     have
                     gain'd
                     over
                     them
                     under
                     the
                     Conduct
                     of
                     Severus
                     and
                     my
                     Father
                     Antonine
                     :
                     And
                     you
                     that
                     are
                     in
                     the
                     Flower
                     of
                     your
                     Youth
                     ,
                     cherish
                     ,
                     I
                     exhort
                     you
                     ,
                     the
                     generous
                     Thirst
                     of
                     Fame
                     and
                     Glory
                     ,
                     and
                     make
                     it
                     apparent
                     to
                     the
                     World
                     ,
                     that
                     you
                     can
                     be
                     as
                     brave
                     Soldiers
                     in
                     the
                     Action
                     of
                     War
                     ,
                     as
                     you
                     have
                     been
                     good
                     Subjects
                     in
                     the
                     Leisures
                     of
                     Peace
                     .
                     The
                     Courage
                     of
                     the
                     Barbarians
                     encreases
                     and
                     declines
                     in
                     proportion
                     to
                     the
                     Cowardice
                     and
                     Bravery
                     of
                     their
                     Enemies
                     .
                     If
                     these
                     fly
                     ,
                     
                     they
                     pursue
                     ;
                     but
                     never
                     support
                     the
                     Shocks
                     of
                     a
                     gallant
                     Army
                     ,
                     that
                     attacks
                     them
                     with
                     vigour
                     ;
                     for
                     they
                     dare
                     not
                     hope
                     for
                     Success
                     in
                     a
                     Pitch'd
                     Battel
                     ,
                     but
                     make
                     sudden
                     Inroads
                     and
                     Ravages
                     ,
                     and
                     content
                     themselves
                     to
                     carry
                     off
                     the
                     Plunder
                     of
                     the
                     Countries
                     they
                     invade
                     :
                     And
                     we
                     have
                     the
                     Advantage
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     not
                     only
                     in
                     Order
                     and
                     Discipline
                     of
                     our
                     Armies
                     ,
                     but
                     in
                     that
                     we
                     have
                     been
                     train'd
                     up
                     in
                     a
                     constant
                     Course
                     of
                     Victories
                     over
                     them
                     .
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             When
             he
             had
             concluded
             his
             Harangue
             ,
             all
             the
             Soldiers
             express'd
             their
             forward
             Dispositions
             to
             the
             War
             ,
             by
             their
             Acclamations
             ,
             which
             were
             very
             unanimous
             on
             this
             Occasion
             .
             Then
             he
             distributed
             a
             magnificent
             Donative
             amongst
             them
             ,
             and
             commanded
             all
             Things
             to
             be
             put
             in
             posture
             for
             a
             March.
             After
             that
             ,
             he
             went
             into
             the
             Senate
             ,
             and
             made
             a
             Speech
             ,
             much
             the
             same
             in
             Substance
             with
             what
             he
             had
             spoke
             before
             ,
             and
             signified
             his
             Pleasure
             as
             to
             the
             Day
             when
             he
             would
             begin
             his
             March.
             When
             the
             Day
             was
             come
             ,
             he
             
             perform'd
             the
             Sacrifices
             customary
             upon
             the
             undertaking
             any
             Expedition
             ,
             and
             parted
             from
             Rome
             ,
             being
             accompanied
             by
             the
             Senate
             and
             People
             of
             Rome
             in
             full
             Body
             .
             He
             often
             look'd
             back
             upon
             the
             City
             with
             Tears
             in
             his
             Eyes
             ;
             nor
             was
             there
             any
             of
             his
             Subjects
             but
             was
             in
             grief
             upon
             his
             Departure
             :
             For
             he
             was
             universally
             belov'd
             by
             the
             Populace
             ,
             in
             regard
             he
             had
             been
             educated
             among
             them
             ,
             and
             had
             govern'd
             so
             many
             Years
             with
             so
             much
             Gentleness
             .
          
           
             Having
             perform'd
             his
             March
             ,
             which
             he
             did
             with
             incredible
             Diligence
             ,
             he
             review'd
             the
             Illyrian
             Army
             and
             Country
             ;
             after
             which
             he
             rais'd
             a
             considerable
             Force
             in
             those
             Parts
             ,
             and
             retir'd
             to
             Antioch
             ,
             where
             he
             made
             Provision
             of
             all
             Things
             necessary
             for
             a
             War
             ,
             exercising
             his
             Soldiers
             ,
             and
             discharging
             all
             the
             Duties
             of
             a
             General
             .
             However
             ,
             he
             thought
             it
             advisable
             to
             send
             a
             second
             Embassie
             to
             the
             Persian
             ,
             to
             make
             Overtures
             of
             an
             Accommodation
             .
             He
             imagin'd
             the
             Terror
             of
             his
             Presence
             would
             influence
             him
             to
             close
             with
             his
             Offers
             .
             But
             Artaxerxes
             
             would
             hearken
             to
             no
             Proposals
             that
             were
             made
             :
             So
             the
             Roman
             Ambassadors
             return'd
             to
             their
             Camp
             ;
             and
             Artaxerxes
             made
             choice
             of
             Four
             hundred
             of
             the
             tallest
             Men
             in
             his
             Army
             ,
             whom
             he
             dispatch'd
             to
             Alexander
             with
             the
             Character
             of
             his
             Envoys
             .
             They
             were
             richly
             and
             splendidly
             attir'd
             ,
             well
             mounted
             ,
             and
             armed
             with
             Bows
             and
             Arrows
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             the
             Romans
             might
             be
             terrified
             by
             the
             Garb
             and
             August
             Presence
             of
             the
             Persians
             .
             Their
             Instructions
             were
             ,
             
               to
               require
               the
            
             Roman
             
               Emperor
               and
               People
               ,
               in
               the
               Name
               of
               the
               Great
            
             Artaxerxes
             ,
             
               from
               thenceforth
               to
               renounce
               all
               Claim
               and
               Title
               to
            
             Syria
             ,
             
               and
               that
               Part
               of
            
             Asia
             
               which
               lies
               opposite
               to
            
             Europe
             ,
             
               and
               to
               suffer
               the
            
             Persians
             
               quietly
               and
               peaceably
               to
               exercise
               Dominion
               as
               far
               as
            
             Ionia
             and
             Caria
             ,
             
               and
               over
               all
               the
               Countries
               that
               are
               divided
               by
               the
            
             Aegean
             and
             Pontick
             
               Seas
               ,
               being
               the
               ancient
               Possessions
               of
               the
               Crown
               of
            
             Persia
             .
          
           
             After
             the
             Ambassadors
             had
             made
             their
             Demands
             ,
             Alexander
             commanded
             them
             all
             to
             be
             arrested
             ,
             and
             divesting
             them
             of
             their
             Splendor
             ,
             sent
             them
             away
             into
             
             Phrygia
             ,
             where
             he
             assign'd
             them
             Houses
             to
             inhabit
             ,
             and
             Lands
             to
             manure
             ;
             for
             he
             would
             not
             inflict
             any
             farther
             Penalty
             than
             the
             prohibiting
             them
             to
             return
             home
             ,
             looking
             upon
             it
             as
             a
             manifest
             Breach
             of
             the
             Laws
             of
             Honour
             and
             Natural
             Justice
             ,
             to
             put
             them
             to
             death
             ,
             being
             no
             Prisoners
             of
             War
             ,
             and
             having
             done
             nothing
             but
             in
             Execution
             of
             their
             Royal
             Master's
             Injunctions
             .
          
           
             These
             Measures
             being
             taken
             ,
             Alexander
             prepar'd
             to
             pass
             the
             River
             ,
             and
             carry
             the
             War
             into
             the
             Enemies
             Country
             ;
             at
             which
             time
             some
             Aegyptian
             Soldiers
             revolted
             ,
             and
             a
             Plot
             was
             set
             on
             foot
             in
             Syria
             ,
             that
             threatned
             a
             Revolution
             in
             the
             Empire
             ;
             but
             was
             happily
             defeated
             ,
             and
             the
             Conspirators
             punish'd
             :
             After
             which
             he
             detach'd
             several
             strong
             Parties
             into
             other
             Countries
             ,
             to
             restrain
             the
             Incursions
             of
             the
             Barbarians
             in
             those
             Parts
             .
          
           
             Things
             being
             in
             this
             Posture
             ,
             and
             the
             Roman
             Army
             very
             numerous
             ,
             and
             not
             inferior
             to
             the
             Enemies
             ,
             the
             Emperor
             call'd
             a
             Council
             of
             War
             ,
             and
             the
             Result
             
             was
             ,
             That
             the
             Army
             should
             be
             divided
             into
             Three
             Parties
             :
             The
             First
             was
             commanded
             to
             march
             to
             the
             Northward
             ,
             through
             Armenia
             ,
             which
             Country
             was
             in
             League
             with
             the
             Romans
             ,
             and
             to
             make
             a
             Descent
             upon
             Media
             on
             that
             Side
             .
             The
             Second
             was
             also
             commanded
             Northward
             ;
             but
             they
             were
             order'd
             to
             direct
             their
             March
             through
             the
             Enemies
             Country
             where
             Tygris
             and
             Euphrates
             meet
             ,
             and
             are
             swallow'd
             up
             in
             vast
             Pools
             and
             Lakes
             ,
             which
             gives
             occasion
             to
             an
             Opinion
             obtaining
             in
             the
             World
             ,
             That
             't
             is
             unknown
             where
             those
             Rivers
             discharge
             themselves
             .
             The
             Third
             ,
             and
             strongest
             of
             the
             Three
             ,
             he
             undertook
             to
             lead
             in
             Person
             against
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             took
             the
             middle
             Road.
             
          
           
             By
             this
             means
             he
             thought
             to
             amuse
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             surprize
             them
             before
             they
             were
             aware
             of
             ,
             or
             had
             provided
             against
             any
             such
             Attempt
             .
             He
             thought
             too
             ,
             the
             Persians
             receiving
             so
             many
             powerful
             Diversions
             from
             different
             Quarters
             ,
             would
             be
             weaker
             and
             more
             irregular
             than
             if
             they
             advanc'd
             in
             an
             entire
             Body
             :
             
             For
             the
             Barbarians
             have
             no
             Stipendiary
             Force
             ,
             or
             Standing
             Army
             ,
             that
             is
             kept
             in
             constant
             Pay
             ,
             and
             practis'd
             in
             the
             Art
             of
             War
             ;
             but
             all
             their
             Men
             ,
             and
             ,
             if
             the
             Occasion
             's
             more
             extraordinary
             ,
             the
             Women
             too
             ,
             upon
             the
             King
             's
             signifying
             his
             Pleasure
             to
             them
             ,
             repair
             to
             a
             general
             Rendezvous
             .
             After
             the
             War
             they
             return
             home
             ,
             receive
             no
             Pay
             ,
             but
             content
             themselves
             with
             a
             Share
             in
             the
             Spoil
             of
             the
             Countries
             they
             invade
             .
             They
             use
             Bows
             and
             Horses
             ,
             not
             only
             in
             Time
             of
             War
             ,
             as
             the
             Romans
             do
             ,
             but
             are
             bred
             up
             to
             it
             from
             their
             Childhood
             ,
             and
             live
             by
             Hunting
             ,
             and
             very
             seldom
             ungird
             their
             Quivers
             ,
             or
             alight
             from
             their
             Horses
             ,
             but
             make
             constant
             use
             of
             them
             either
             against
             their
             Enemies
             ,
             or
             the
             Wild
             Beasts
             of
             the
             Country
             .
          
           
             
             Alexander's
             Measures
             seeming
             now
             so
             wisely
             laid
             ,
             as
             to
             promise
             almost
             certain
             Success
             ,
             Fortune
             interpos'd
             to
             baffle
             Humane
             Policies
             .
             The
             Army
             that
             was
             order'd
             to
             march
             through
             Armenia
             pass'd
             with
             great
             difficulty
             the
             steep
             and
             rocky
             Mountains
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             (
             tho'
             they
             
             were
             favour'd
             by
             the
             Season
             of
             the
             Year
             )
             and
             made
             an
             Inroad
             into
             Media
             ,
             where
             they
             burnt
             divers
             Villages
             ,
             and
             laid
             waste
             the
             Country
             ;
             whereof
             Artaxerxes
             being
             advertis'd
             ,
             advanc'd
             against
             them
             with
             all
             his
             Strength
             ,
             but
             could
             not
             drive
             them
             out
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             which
             being
             rough
             and
             mountainous
             ,
             afforded
             firm
             Footing
             and
             easie
             Passage
             to
             the
             Infantry
             ,
             but
             gave
             great
             Inconveniences
             to
             the
             Barbarians
             Horse
             .
          
           
             About
             this
             time
             an
             Express
             arriv'd
             at
             
             Artaxerxes's
             Camp
             ,
             with
             Advice
             that
             another
             Roman
             Army
             had
             invaded
             Parthia
             towards
             the
             East
             .
             This
             gave
             him
             great
             Jealousie
             ,
             that
             as
             soon
             as
             they
             had
             ravag'd
             Parthia
             ,
             which
             they
             might
             easily
             do
             ,
             they
             would
             make
             an
             Impression
             into
             Persia
             .
             Therefore
             leaving
             a
             Force
             sufficient
             ,
             as
             he
             thought
             ,
             to
             cover
             Media
             ,
             he
             hastned
             with
             the
             gross
             of
             his
             Army
             to
             the
             Eastward
             .
          
           
             The
             Romans
             finding
             no
             Opposition
             ,
             and
             no
             Enemy
             appearing
             ,
             were
             not
             so
             careful
             in
             their
             March
             as
             they
             might
             have
             been
             ;
             they
             suppos'd
             that
             Alexander
             
             had
             fallen
             upon
             the
             Barbarians
             with
             his
             Army
             ,
             which
             was
             the
             strongest
             and
             most
             numerous
             of
             the
             Three
             ,
             and
             therefore
             thought
             there
             was
             no
             Occasion
             for
             hasty
             Marches
             ,
             and
             look'd
             upon
             themselves
             as
             out
             of
             danger
             ,
             not
             doubting
             but
             all
             the
             Armies
             were
             advancing
             to
             the
             general
             Rendezvous
             ,
             where
             by
             Concert
             they
             were
             to
             re
             unite
             ,
             and
             bring
             all
             the
             Booty
             and
             Prisoners
             they
             had
             taken
             in
             this
             Expedition
             .
             But
             Alexander
             disappointed
             them
             ,
             and
             neither
             came
             in
             Person
             ,
             as
             't
             was
             concerted
             ,
             nor
             sent
             the
             Army
             .
             'T
             is
             uncertain
             whether
             his
             own
             natural
             Cowardice
             made
             him
             so
             unwilling
             to
             venture
             his
             Life
             in
             Defence
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             or
             he
             was
             over-rul'd
             in
             this
             Affair
             by
             Mammaea
             .
             The
             Timorousness
             of
             a
             Woman
             ,
             and
             the
             Fondness
             of
             a
             Mother
             ,
             might
             influence
             her
             to
             do
             it
             ;
             and
             't
             is
             well
             known
             she
             always
             endeavour'd
             to
             repress
             all
             generous
             Impulses
             in
             her
             Son
             ,
             and
             still
             perswaded
             him
             rather
             to
             let
             others
             hazard
             themselves
             for
             him
             ,
             than
             to
             expose
             his
             Sacred
             Person
             to
             the
             Chance
             of
             War.
             However
             it
             
             was
             ,
             it
             occasion'd
             the
             total
             Overthrow
             of
             the
             Roman
             Army
             that
             had
             enter'd
             the
             Enemies
             Country
             :
             For
             Artaxerxes
             ,
             with
             the
             whole
             Power
             of
             his
             Kingdom
             ,
             fell
             upon
             them
             by
             Surprize
             ,
             and
             surrounded
             them
             ,
             and
             galling
             them
             with
             Arrows
             from
             all
             Quarters
             ,
             obtain'd
             an
             entire
             Victory
             :
             For
             he
             over-power'd
             them
             with
             his
             Numbers
             ;
             it
             was
             all
             they
             could
             do
             to
             cover
             the
             naked
             Parts
             of
             their
             Bodies
             against
             the
             Enemies
             Arrows
             .
             So
             they
             contented
             themselves
             to
             be
             upon
             the
             defensive
             ,
             and
             rather
             to
             preserve
             themselves
             than
             annoy
             the
             Enemy
             :
             But
             after
             they
             had
             defended
             themselves
             for
             a
             short
             space
             ,
             by
             joining
             their
             Targets
             together
             ,
             being
             attack'd
             on
             all
             Sides
             ,
             like
             a
             beleaguer'd
             Town
             ,
             at
             last
             ,
             after
             a
             gallant
             Resistance
             ,
             they
             were
             all
             cut
             to
             Pieces
             .
          
           
             This
             was
             a
             fatal
             Stroke
             to
             the
             Romans
             ,
             perhaps
             scarce
             parallell'd
             in
             Story
             ;
             a
             gallant
             Army
             ,
             not
             inferior
             to
             any
             of
             the
             most
             celebrated
             in
             former
             Ages
             ,
             for
             Fidelity
             and
             Courage
             ,
             cut
             off
             entirely
             ,
             and
             as
             it
             were
             at
             one
             Blow
             .
             But
             the
             
             fortunate
             Event
             of
             so
             considerable
             an
             Enterprize
             ,
             animated
             the
             Barbarians
             to
             undertake
             greater
             .
          
           
             The
             News
             of
             this
             Overthrow
             was
             brought
             to
             the
             Emperor
             when
             he
             was
             very
             ill
             ,
             either
             through
             some
             Disease
             of
             Mind
             ,
             or
             Indisposition
             of
             Body
             ,
             occasion'd
             by
             the
             Climate
             ,
             to
             which
             he
             was
             not
             accustom'd
             .
             It
             gave
             him
             great
             Mortification
             ,
             and
             exasperated
             the
             whole
             Army
             against
             him
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             they
             declar'd
             openly
             ,
             that
             his
             Personal
             Miscarriage
             in
             not
             coming
             up
             with
             his
             Army
             ,
             pursuant
             to
             the
             Determination
             of
             the
             Council
             ,
             had
             drawn
             this
             Calamity
             upon
             them
             .
             But
             Alexander
             ,
             finding
             he
             could
             not
             any
             longer
             struggle
             with
             his
             Malady
             ,
             which
             encreas'd
             upon
             him
             in
             that
             sultry
             Climate
             ,
             and
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             his
             Army
             being
             sick
             ,
             especially
             the
             Illyrians
             ,
             who
             dropp'd
             away
             in
             great
             Numbers
             ,
             in
             regard
             they
             feed
             plentifully
             ,
             and
             are
             us'd
             to
             a
             colder
             foggy
             Air
             ,
             resolv'd
             to
             march
             back
             to
             Antioch
             ;
             and
             Orders
             were
             sent
             to
             the
             Army
             in
             Media
             to
             return
             :
             But
             the
             greatest
             part
             perish'd
             
             in
             re-passing
             the
             Mountains
             ,
             or
             were
             frozen
             to
             death
             by
             the
             Rigour
             of
             the
             Climate
             .
             Alexander
             led
             back
             the
             Remnant
             of
             his
             Army
             to
             Antioch
             ;
             for
             he
             also
             had
             lost
             great
             Numbers
             of
             his
             Men.
             The
             Success
             of
             this
             Expedition
             bred
             great
             Discontents
             among
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             and
             sunk
             the
             Emperor's
             Reputation
             extremely
             in
             the
             Opinion
             of
             the
             World
             :
             He
             was
             baffled
             in
             all
             his
             Designs
             ,
             and
             return'd
             home
             ingloriously
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             lost
             the
             best
             part
             of
             three
             Armies
             by
             Cold
             ,
             Sickness
             ,
             or
             the
             Sword.
             
          
           
             After
             he
             arriv'd
             at
             Antioch
             ,
             the
             change
             of
             Air
             soon
             restor'd
             his
             Health
             ,
             and
             the
             cool
             Springs
             frequent
             in
             this
             City
             refresh'd
             him
             after
             the
             parching
             Heats
             of
             Mesopotamia
             .
             Here
             he
             gave
             a
             magnificent
             Largess
             to
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             to
             buoy
             up
             their
             Spirits
             under
             their
             present
             Affliction
             :
             For
             this
             he
             esteem'd
             the
             only
             Specifick
             to
             re-inflame
             their
             dying
             Zeal
             and
             Affection
             for
             his
             Interests
             .
             After
             this
             ,
             he
             apply'd
             himself
             to
             the
             making
             new
             Levies
             ,
             as
             if
             he
             intended
             a
             second
             Expedition
             against
             the
             Persians
             ,
             in
             case
             they
             
             should
             give
             him
             any
             Disturbance
             :
             But
             News
             came
             that
             Artaxerxes
             had
             disbanded
             his
             Army
             ,
             and
             commanded
             the
             Soldiers
             to
             repair
             to
             their
             respective
             Homes
             .
             And
             tho'
             in
             the
             Issue
             of
             the
             War
             the
             Persians
             seem'd
             to
             have
             the
             Advantage
             ,
             yet
             their
             Forces
             were
             very
             much
             diminish'd
             by
             several
             Rencounters
             in
             Parthia
             ;
             and
             of
             those
             Soldiers
             that
             surviv'd
             ,
             many
             were
             wounded
             ,
             and
             others
             extremely
             harrass'd
             and
             broken
             :
             For
             the
             Romans
             behav'd
             themselves
             very
             bravely
             ,
             and
             made
             often
             great
             Slaughters
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             had
             vanquish'd
             them
             ,
             had
             they
             not
             been
             over-power'd
             by
             their
             Numbers
             .
             Neither
             can
             the
             Persians
             pretend
             to
             have
             excell'd
             them
             in
             Personal
             Valour
             ,
             the
             Number
             of
             the
             Slain
             on
             both
             Sides
             being
             very
             near
             equal
             :
             And
             their
             being
             so
             quiet
             for
             three
             or
             four
             Years
             after
             this
             Victory
             ,
             amounts
             to
             a
             Demonstration
             ,
             that
             their
             Losses
             were
             very
             considerable
             .
          
           
             This
             News
             deliver'd
             the
             Emperor
             from
             his
             Fears
             ,
             and
             he
             began
             to
             display
             a
             new
             Gaiety
             of
             Temper
             ,
             threw
             aside
             
             the
             Cares
             of
             War
             ,
             and
             abandon'd
             himself
             to
             the
             Pleasures
             and
             Luxury
             of
             the
             Town
             .
             He
             thought
             the
             Persians
             would
             not
             again
             disturb
             his
             Repose
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             it
             would
             be
             a
             long
             time
             before
             their
             disbanded
             Forces
             could
             re
             assemble
             into
             an
             Army
             ,
             in
             regard
             they
             don't
             consist
             of
             regular
             disciplin'd
             Troops
             ,
             nor
             can
             they
             properly
             be
             term'd
             an
             Army
             ,
             but
             are
             rather
             a
             disorderly
             Multitude
             ;
             they
             have
             no
             Provisions
             ,
             but
             what
             every
             Man
             carries
             from
             home
             ,
             for
             his
             own
             Occasions
             ;
             and
             besides
             ,
             they
             are
             very
             unwilling
             to
             leave
             their
             Wives
             ,
             Children
             ,
             and
             Native
             Country
             .
             But
             while
             he
             was
             thinking
             of
             the
             Persians
             ,
             there
             suddenly
             arriv'd
             a
             Courier
             from
             the
             Prefects
             of
             Illyria
             ,
             with
             Letters
             for
             him
             ,
             which
             put
             him
             into
             a
             greater
             Consternation
             .
             These
             brought
             advice
             ,
             
               That
               the
            
             Germans
             
               had
               pass'd
               the
            
             Rhine
             and
             Danube
             ,
             
               and
               enter'd
               the
            
             Roman
             
               Territories
               in
               Hostile
               manner
               ,
               had
               assail'd
               the
            
             Roman
             
               Camp
               upon
               the
            
             Danube
             ,
             
               sack'd
               and
               plunder'd
               all
               the
               Cities
               and
               Villages
               in
               those
               Parts
               ,
               whereby
            
             Illyria
             (
             
               that
               borders
               upon
            
             Italy
             )
             
               was
               in
               imminent
               
               Danger
            
             ;
             concluding
             ,
             
               That
               in
               this
               Exigency
               of
               Affairs
               it
               would
               be
               requisite
               that
               he
               came
               in
               Person
               ,
               with
               the
               whole
               Power
               of
               his
               Empire
               .
            
          
           
             These
             Advices
             exceedingly
             alarm'd
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             and
             afforded
             Matter
             of
             great
             Regret
             and
             Grief
             to
             the
             Illyrian
             Soldiers
             .
             This
             was
             a
             second
             Calamity
             coming
             upon
             the
             Neck
             of
             a
             former
             .
             They
             had
             lost
             great
             Numbers
             of
             Men
             in
             the
             Expedition
             against
             the
             Persians
             ,
             and
             now
             the
             Germans
             over
             ran
             their
             Native
             Country
             .
             These
             Things
             put
             them
             into
             a
             violent
             Rage
             against
             the
             Emperor
             ;
             for
             they
             charg'd
             the
             bad
             Success
             of
             the
             Persian
             Expedition
             wholly
             upon
             his
             ill
             Conduct
             ,
             or
             his
             Fear
             ;
             and
             now
             they
             accus'd
             his
             Slackness
             in
             succouring
             the
             Illyrians
             ,
             as
             proceeding
             from
             the
             same
             base
             Passion
             .
             The
             Emperor
             and
             his
             Council
             began
             to
             apprehend
             that
             Italy
             was
             in
             danger
             .
             The
             German
             Invasion
             seem'd
             to
             be
             of
             far
             more
             dangerous
             Consequence
             to
             the
             Empire
             ,
             than
             the
             Persian
             ;
             for
             in
             distant
             Regions
             of
             the
             East
             ,
             which
             are
             disjoin'd
             by
             a
             vast
             
             Tract
             of
             Land
             and
             Sea
             ,
             the
             Name
             of
             Italy
             is
             seldom
             heard
             ;
             but
             Germany
             is
             only
             parted
             from
             Italy
             by
             Illyria
             ,
             which
             contains
             but
             a
             small
             Spot
             of
             Ground
             ,
             subject
             to
             the
             Illyrians
             .
             Therefore
             with
             great
             reluctancy
             the
             Emperor
             proclaim'd
             his
             March
             ,
             being
             driven
             to
             it
             by
             the
             Extremity
             of
             his
             Affairs
             ;
             and
             leaving
             a
             Force
             sufficient
             for
             the
             Defence
             of
             the
             Roman
             Frontiers
             on
             that
             Side
             ,
             he
             view'd
             the
             Camp
             and
             fortified
             Towns
             ,
             repair'd
             their
             Fortifications
             ,
             and
             put
             strong
             Garrisons
             into
             them
             out
             of
             his
             Army
             ,
             and
             then
             advanc'd
             with
             the
             Remainder
             of
             his
             Forces
             against
             the
             Germans
             .
          
           
             He
             perform'd
             his
             March
             with
             great
             Expedition
             ,
             and
             encamp'd
             on
             the
             Banks
             of
             the
             Rhine
             ,
             where
             he
             made
             Preparations
             for
             the
             War.
             He
             built
             a
             Bridge
             of
             Boats
             over
             the
             Rhine
             ,
             for
             the
             more
             easie
             passing
             his
             Army
             over
             that
             River
             .
             This
             River
             and
             the
             Danube
             are
             the
             greatest
             Rivers
             in
             the
             North.
             The
             Rhine
             runs
             through
             Germany
             ,
             and
             the
             Danube
             through
             Hungary
             .
             They
             are
             very
             deep
             and
             broad
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             Summer
             navigable
             ;
             
             in
             the
             Winter
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             extremity
             of
             the
             Cold
             ,
             they
             are
             frozen
             so
             hard
             ,
             that
             the
             People
             ride
             over
             them
             ,
             as
             if
             they
             were
             part
             of
             the
             
               Terra
               firma
            
             .
             The
             Ice
             is
             so
             firm
             ,
             that
             it
             not
             only
             bears
             Men
             and
             Horses
             ,
             but
             those
             that
             come
             for
             Water
             don't
             bring
             Pails
             ,
             or
             other
             Vessels
             ,
             but
             Spades
             and
             Axes
             ,
             with
             which
             they
             hew
             out
             the
             Water
             ,
             and
             carry
             it
             away
             like
             a
             piece
             of
             a
             solid
             Rock
             .
             This
             is
             the
             Nature
             of
             those
             Rivers
             .
          
           
             Alexander
             had
             great
             Numbers
             of
             Moors
             and
             Archers
             in
             his
             Service
             ,
             which
             he
             brought
             with
             him
             out
             of
             the
             East
             ;
             they
             consisted
             mostly
             of
             the
             Osrhoeni
             ,
             and
             Parthian
             Deserters
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             were
             tempted
             to
             come
             over
             to
             them
             by
             hopes
             of
             Gain
             .
             These
             Men
             annoy'd
             the
             Germans
             the
             most
             of
             any
             .
             The
             Moors
             throw
             their
             Darts
             a
             prodigious
             way
             ,
             and
             charge
             and
             retire
             with
             wonderful
             agility
             .
             The
             Archers
             would
             level
             at
             the
             naked
             Heads
             and
             Bodies
             of
             the
             over
             grown
             Germans
             ,
             and
             seldom
             fail'd
             of
             hitting
             their
             Mark.
             Sometimes
             they
             came
             to
             a
             Pitch'd
             Battel
             ,
             
             wherein
             the
             Romans
             could
             seldom
             get
             any
             Advantage
             .
             Things
             being
             in
             this
             Posture
             ,
             Alexander
             sent
             Ambassadors
             to
             the
             Enemy
             to
             treat
             of
             a
             Peace
             ,
             and
             to
             let
             them
             know
             ,
             that
             the
             Emperor
             was
             willing
             to
             furnish
             them
             with
             whatever
             they
             wanted
             ,
             and
             to
             supply
             them
             with
             Money
             ,
             than
             which
             nothing
             has
             a
             more
             powerful
             Influence
             over
             the
             Germans
             ,
             provided
             they
             would
             lay
             down
             their
             Arms
             ,
             which
             they
             are
             always
             ready
             to
             do
             upon
             the
             Terms
             now
             propounded
             to
             them
             .
             So
             Alexander
             enter'd
             into
             a
             Negotiation
             with
             them
             ,
             thinking
             it
             more
             prudential
             to
             purchase
             Peace
             with
             his
             Money
             ,
             than
             expose
             his
             Person
             to
             the
             Hazards
             of
             War.
             
          
           
             The
             Roman
             Soldiers
             were
             much
             offended
             that
             they
             spent
             so
             much
             Time
             to
             so
             little
             purpose
             ,
             without
             having
             any
             Opportunity
             of
             signalizing
             themselves
             by
             some
             brave
             Action
             .
             While
             the
             Emperor
             gave
             himself
             up
             to
             his
             Pleasures
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             driving
             of
             Chariots
             ;
             whereas
             he
             ought
             to
             have
             pursu'd
             his
             Revenge
             ,
             and
             chastiz'd
             the
             late
             Insolence
             of
             the
             
             Germans
             .
             There
             was
             at
             this
             time
             in
             the
             Army
             one
             Maximine
             ,
             a
             Man
             half-barbarous
             ,
             born
             in
             the
             Heart
             of
             Thrace
             ,
             and
             in
             his
             Youth
             he
             was
             a
             Shepherd
             ;
             but
             when
             he
             came
             to
             Mans
             Estate
             ,
             for
             his
             Strength
             and
             extraordinary
             Stature
             he
             was
             made
             a
             Trooper
             ,
             and
             from
             thence
             was
             led
             by
             the
             Hand
             of
             Fortune
             through
             all
             the
             inferior
             Posts
             and
             Offices
             ,
             to
             the
             Government
             of
             Provinces
             ,
             and
             the
             Command
             of
             Armies
             .
             To
             him
             ,
             being
             a
             Man
             well
             practis'd
             in
             the
             Art
             of
             War
             ,
             Alexander
             gave
             the
             Command
             of
             his
             New
             Levies
             ,
             to
             train
             and
             fit
             them
             for
             his
             Service
             .
             He
             was
             very
             industrious
             in
             the
             Discharge
             of
             this
             Trust
             ,
             which
             won
             him
             the
             general
             Love
             of
             all
             the
             Soldiers
             .
             He
             not
             only
             directed
             them
             what
             to
             do
             ,
             but
             observ'd
             himself
             those
             Directions
             in
             his
             own
             Personal
             Deportment
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             they
             might
             learn
             their
             Duty
             ,
             not
             only
             by
             obeying
             his
             Orders
             ,
             but
             by
             following
             his
             Example
             :
             And
             that
             he
             might
             join
             them
             more
             firmly
             to
             his
             Interests
             ,
             he
             omitted
             no
             Opportunity
             of
             honouring
             and
             rewarding
             them
             ;
             and
             
             he
             gain'd
             his
             Point
             :
             For
             all
             the
             young
             Soldiers
             (
             being
             for
             the
             most
             part
             Pannonians
             )
             became
             great
             Admirers
             of
             his
             Bravery
             ,
             and
             took
             all
             Occasions
             of
             vilifying
             Alexander
             ,
             often
             saying
             of
             him
             in
             contempt
             ,
             
               That
               he
               was
               led
               by
               the
               Nose
               by
               his
               Mother
               ,
               and
               submitted
               the
               Conduct
               of
               Publick
               Affairs
               to
               the
               Direction
               of
               a
               Woman
               .
            
             They
             reflected
             upon
             his
             Sloath
             and
             Cowardice
             in
             Military
             Matters
             ,
             began
             to
             talk
             again
             very
             hotly
             of
             the
             memorable
             Overthrow
             in
             the
             East
             ,
             attributing
             it
             to
             be
             chiefly
             occasion'd
             by
             his
             Laziness
             ,
             which
             was
             also
             the
             Reason
             that
             as
             yet
             nothing
             had
             been
             done
             in
             effect
             against
             the
             Germans
             .
             Besides
             ,
             they
             are
             naturally
             desirous
             of
             Revolutions
             and
             Changes
             :
             This
             was
             a
             long
             Reign
             ,
             and
             they
             grew
             weary
             of
             it
             ;
             they
             could
             not
             expect
             to
             get
             any
             thing
             under
             the
             present
             Government
             ,
             in
             regard
             the
             Emperor
             was
             not
             so
             sollicitous
             to
             procure
             their
             Favour
             ,
             as
             he
             was
             in
             the
             first
             Years
             of
             his
             Reign
             ;
             and
             they
             might
             reasonably
             hope
             for
             greater
             Honours
             and
             Advantages
             under
             a
             Prince
             that
             was
             advanc'd
             
             to
             the
             Throne
             solely
             by
             their
             Interest
             ,
             having
             no
             Grounds
             himself
             to
             expect
             such
             Promotion
             .
          
           
             These
             Motives
             put
             together
             ,
             made
             them
             resolve
             the
             Death
             of
             Alexander
             ,
             and
             the
             Advancement
             of
             Maximine
             ,
             who
             was
             their
             Fellow-Soldier
             and
             Companion
             ,
             and
             was
             the
             fittest
             Man
             that
             could
             be
             pitch'd
             upon
             to
             prosecute
             the
             War
             against
             the
             Germans
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             his
             Personal
             Valour
             and
             Military
             Experience
             .
          
           
             In
             pursuance
             of
             these
             Resolutions
             ,
             they
             assembled
             in
             the
             Field
             arm'd
             ,
             and
             Maximine
             at
             the
             Head
             of
             them
             ,
             making
             as
             if
             he
             would
             only
             direct
             them
             in
             their
             ordinary
             Exercises
             .
             Some
             say
             he
             was
             privy
             to
             their
             Designs
             ,
             and
             others
             affirm
             the
             contrary
             :
             However
             that
             was
             ,
             they
             proclaim'd
             him
             Emperor
             ,
             and
             invested
             him
             with
             the
             Imperial
             Robes
             .
             He
             at
             first
             declin'd
             and
             rejected
             the
             Purple
             ;
             but
             when
             the
             Soldiers
             drew
             their
             Swords
             ,
             and
             threatned
             to
             kill
             him
             if
             he
             did
             not
             comply
             ,
             he
             chose
             rather
             to
             run
             a
             future
             Hazard
             ,
             than
             expose
             himself
             to
             a
             present
             
             Danger
             ,
             and
             so
             accepted
             the
             Honour
             ,
             and
             declar'd
             that
             he
             had
             had
             frequent
             Intimations
             by
             Dreams
             and
             Oracles
             ,
             
               That
               he
               should
               one
               Day
               sit
               at
               the
               Helm
               of
               the
               Empire
               .
            
             He
             protested
             also
             to
             them
             ,
             
               That
               his
               Compliance
               in
               this
               Particular
               was
               much
               against
               his
               Will
               ;
               but
               he
               could
               not
               resist
               their
               Importunity
               :
            
             And
             advis'd
             them
             ,
             
               seeing
               they
               would
               needs
               have
               it
               so
               ▪
               instantly
               to
               stand
               to
               their
               Arms
               ,
               and
               establish
               what
               they
               had
               done
               ,
               by
               surprizing
            
             Alexander
             
               before
               the
               News
               of
               what
               had
               hapned
               had
               reach'd
               his
               Ears
               ,
               and
               putting
               his
               Guards
               and
               Soldiers
               in
               Consternation
               ,
               by
               which
               Means
               they
               might
               either
               be
               perswaded
               to
               join
               with
               them
               in
               pushing
               on
               the
               Revolution
               ,
               or
               they
               might
               easily
               be
               forc'd
               to
               a
               Submission
               ,
               being
               unprovided
               of
               all
               Things
               for
               making
               a
               Resistance
               .
            
          
           
             Maximine
             was
             very
             careful
             to
             cherish
             that
             Affection
             which
             they
             had
             express'd
             for
             him
             ,
             by
             doubling
             their
             Allowance
             of
             Corn
             ,
             by
             promising
             large
             Donatives
             ,
             and
             granting
             a
             general
             Pardon
             of
             all
             Crimes
             of
             what
             Nature
             soever
             :
             After
             which
             he
             led
             on
             his
             Men
             to
             the
             Emperor's
             
             Pavilion
             ,
             which
             was
             not
             far
             off
             .
          
           
             This
             sudden
             and
             surprizing
             Turn
             of
             Affairs
             extremely
             alarm'd
             Alexander
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             he
             abandon'd
             his
             Tent
             ,
             and
             flew
             out
             like
             a
             Mad-man
             ,
             crying
             and
             trembling
             ,
             and
             upbraiding
             Maximine
             with
             Perfidiousness
             and
             Ingratitude
             .
             He
             ran
             out
             into
             a
             long
             Enumeration
             of
             the
             Favours
             he
             had
             conferr'd
             upon
             him
             ,
             and
             reprov'd
             his
             Adherents
             for
             rashly
             engaging
             in
             traiterous
             Designs
             ,
             contrary
             to
             the
             Duty
             of
             their
             Allegiance
             .
             Nevertheless
             ,
             he
             promis'd
             to
             grant
             all
             their
             Demands
             ,
             and
             redress
             all
             their
             Grievances
             ,
             provided
             they
             would
             lay
             down
             their
             Arms.
             The
             Soldiers
             that
             were
             about
             him
             encourag'd
             him
             in
             this
             Exigency
             by
             their
             chearful
             Acclamations
             ,
             and
             promis'd
             to
             stand
             by
             him
             with
             their
             Lives
             and
             Fortunes
             .
             But
             as
             soon
             as
             that
             Night
             was
             over
             ,
             and
             the
             News
             came
             in
             the
             Morning
             ,
             that
             Maximine
             was
             advancing
             against
             them
             ,
             and
             a
             Cloud
             of
             Dust
             was
             descry'd
             afar
             off
             ,
             and
             a
             Noise
             as
             it
             were
             of
             a
             great
             Multitude
             
             was
             heard
             ,
             Alexander
             came
             out
             again
             into
             the
             Field
             ,
             and
             call'd
             his
             Soldiers
             together
             ,
             and
             exhorted
             them
             
               to
               be
               firm
               to
               him
               ,
               to
               protect
               their
               Prince
               who
               had
               been
               brought
               up
               among
               them
               ,
               and
               had
               govern'd
               for
               Fourteen
               Years
               with
               so
               much
               Gentleness
               and
               Equity
               ,
               that
               not
               one
               Subject
               had
               so
               much
               as
               Cause
               of
               Complaint
               given
               him
               .
            
             So
             all
             Men
             seeming
             mov'd
             with
             Compassion
             ,
             he
             bid
             them
             
               stand
               to
               their
               Arms
               ,
               and
               put
               themselves
               in
               posture
               to
               receive
               the
               Enemy
               :
            
             Which
             they
             promis'd
             to
             do
             ,
             but
             fell
             away
             by
             degrees
             ,
             and
             deserted
             him
             .
             Some
             there
             were
             that
             imputed
             this
             Defection
             to
             the
             Practices
             of
             the
             Captain
             of
             the
             Praetorian
             Band
             ,
             and
             of
             some
             of
             the
             Emperor's
             Confidents
             ,
             and
             would
             have
             impeach'd
             them
             of
             that
             Fact
             :
             Others
             laid
             the
             Blame
             on
             his
             Mother
             ,
             whose
             covetous
             Temper
             and
             extreme
             Parsimony
             in
             giving
             out
             Munificences
             to
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             had
             render'd
             her
             Son
             odious
             .
             They
             staid
             for
             some
             time
             ,
             debating
             the
             Point
             to
             and
             fro
             ,
             till
             Maximine
             came
             in
             sight
             ,
             and
             bid
             them
             
               abandon
               a
               wretched
               Woman
               ,
               and
               
               that
               easie
               dis-spirited
               Boy
               ,
               who
               could
               truckle
               so
               tamely
               to
               a
               Mothers
               Tyranny
               ,
               and
               join
               themselves
               to
               a
               Man
               of
               Courage
               and
               Conduct
               ,
               who
               had
               been
               their
               Companion
               in
               Arms
               ,
               and
               was
               an
               old
               and
               experienc'd
               Captain
               .
            
             Hereupon
             they
             all
             revolted
             from
             Alexander
             ,
             and
             unanimously
             proclaim'd
             Maximine
             Emperor
             .
             Alexander
             in
             great
             Fear
             and
             Distraction
             made
             a
             shift
             to
             return
             to
             his
             Tent
             ,
             tho'
             with
             great
             difficulty
             ;
             and
             embracing
             his
             Mother
             ,
             he
             bewail'd
             his
             Misfortune
             ,
             and
             (
             as
             some
             say
             )
             accus'd
             her
             as
             the
             procuring
             Cause
             of
             it
             ,
             expecting
             every
             Moment
             the
             Messenger
             of
             Death
             .
          
           
             Maximine
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             he
             was
             proclaim'd
             Emperor
             by
             the
             Army
             ,
             order'd
             a
             Tribune
             and
             certain
             Centurions
             to
             dispatch
             Alexander
             and
             his
             Mother
             ,
             and
             all
             such
             as
             pretended
             to
             make
             any
             Opposition
             .
             They
             forthwith
             executed
             their
             Warrant
             ,
             rushing
             into
             the
             Emperor's
             Tent
             ,
             and
             killing
             him
             and
             his
             Mother
             ,
             and
             all
             those
             that
             seem'd
             to
             be
             honour'd
             and
             esteem'd
             by
             him
             ,
             except
             such
             as
             fled
             and
             absconded
             for
             the
             present
             ;
             all
             
             which
             were
             afterwards
             apprehended
             by
             Maximine
             ,
             and
             put
             to
             death
             .
          
           
             This
             was
             the
             End
             of
             Alexander
             and
             his
             Mother
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             reign'd
             Fourteen
             Years
             without
             spilling
             any
             Blood
             ,
             or
             giving
             the
             Subject
             any
             just
             Ground
             of
             Complaint
             .
             He
             abhorr'd
             all
             cruel
             and
             tyrannical
             Methods
             ,
             and
             never
             put
             any
             Man
             to
             death
             without
             Legal
             Process
             .
             He
             was
             naturally
             inclin'd
             to
             Gentleness
             and
             Beneficence
             ;
             and
             the
             whole
             Tenor
             of
             his
             Government
             had
             been
             without
             Reproach
             or
             Blemish
             ,
             had
             not
             the
             sordid
             Avarice
             of
             his
             Mother
             thrown
             some
             Scandal
             upon
             it
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           
           
             AN
             EPITOME
             OF
             THE
             Seventh
             Book
             .
          
           
             MAximine
             ,
             a
             Thracian
             ,
             of
             prodigious
             Size
             ,
             and
             most
             bloody
             in
             his
             Nature
             ,
             opens
             his
             Reign
             with
             great
             Cruelties
             ,
             being
             mov'd
             to
             it
             by
             the
             Conscience
             of
             his
             own
             mean
             Birth
             ,
             and
             exasperated
             by
             a
             Combination
             of
             the
             Tribunes
             against
             him
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             Defection
             of
             the
             Soldiers
             .
             He
             attacks
             the
             Germans
             within
             their
             Woods
             and
             Morasses
             ,
             defeats
             and
             puts
             them
             to
             flight
             .
             He
             is
             cruel
             to
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             but
             infinitely
             more
             tyrannical
             to
             his
             own
             Subjects
             ,
             whose
             Estates
             he
             makes
             no
             scruple
             to
             seize
             ,
             without
             any
             Colour
             or
             Pretence
             of
             Right
             .
             He
             is
             universally
             hated
             .
             A
             Commotion
             is
             rais'd
             in
             
             Africk
             ,
             where
             the
             Procurator
             is
             kill'd
             ,
             and
             Gordian
             Proconsul
             of
             Africk
             is
             chosen
             Emperor
             ;
             and
             having
             us'd
             Means
             to
             dispatch
             Vitalian
             Captain
             of
             the
             Praetorian
             Band
             in
             Rome
             ,
             his
             Election
             is
             ratified
             by
             the
             Senate
             .
             Soon
             after
             Cappellian
             marches
             against
             him
             ,
             and
             quells
             the
             Commotion
             ,
             and
             he
             is
             slain
             in
             Africk
             ,
             together
             with
             his
             Son.
             Maximine
             leaves
             Pannonia
             ,
             and
             takes
             his
             march
             towards
             Rome
             with
             his
             whole
             Army
             .
             Maximus
             and
             Balbinus
             are
             elected
             Emperors
             ,
             and
             
             Gordian's
             Nephew
             created
             Caesar
             .
             A
             Civil
             War
             breaks
             out
             in
             Rome
             between
             the
             Populace
             and
             the
             Praetorian
             Soldiers
             ,
             of
             which
             Gallicanus
             was
             the
             Author
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Seventh
             Book
             .
          
           
             THe
             Account
             of
             
             Alexander's
             Life
             and
             Death
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             reign'd
             Fourteen
             Years
             ,
             is
             declar'd
             in
             the
             former
             Book
             .
             Maximine
             succeeded
             him
             ;
             whereupon
             great
             Changes
             ensu'd
             .
             He
             exercis'd
             great
             Severities
             towards
             his
             
             Subjects
             ,
             endeavouring
             by
             this
             Means
             to
             render
             himself
             Formidable
             .
             So
             the
             Government
             began
             to
             be
             influenc'd
             by
             new
             Principles
             ,
             and
             from
             Mild
             and
             Gentle
             ,
             became
             Cruel
             and
             Tyrannical
             .
             He
             knew
             he
             was
             generally
             distasteful
             to
             the
             People
             ,
             in
             regard
             he
             was
             the
             first
             that
             from
             the
             obscurest
             Condition
             had
             ascended
             to
             the
             highest
             of
             Dignities
             .
             He
             was
             Barbarous
             as
             well
             in
             Manners
             as
             Extraction
             .
             His
             Nature
             was
             Cruel
             ,
             agreeing
             with
             the
             
               Thracian
               Genius
            
             .
             So
             he
             pursu'd
             violent
             Measures
             ,
             thinking
             thereby
             most
             effectually
             to
             establish
             his
             Empire
             .
             He
             was
             afraid
             that
             the
             Senate
             and
             People
             of
             Rome
             would
             despise
             him
             ,
             that
             they
             would
             look
             back
             upon
             the
             Meanness
             of
             his
             Birth
             ,
             and
             not
             consider
             him
             in
             his
             present
             Exaltation
             .
             It
             was
             commonly
             known
             and
             talk'd
             of
             ,
             that
             he
             had
             been
             a
             Shepherd
             in
             Thrace
             ,
             and
             being
             a
             tall
             brawny
             Youth
             was
             listed
             a
             Soldier
             to
             serve
             among
             his
             Country-men
             ,
             and
             from
             thence
             was
             conducted
             by
             the
             Hand
             of
             Fortune
             to
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             .
             He
             remov'd
             all
             
             
             Alexander's
             Ministers
             and
             Counsellors
             that
             were
             appointed
             by
             the
             Senate
             .
             Some
             he
             sent
             to
             Rome
             ,
             others
             he
             displac'd
             for
             Malversation
             in
             their
             Offices
             .
             His
             Design
             herein
             was
             ,
             that
             there
             might
             be
             no
             Person
             in
             the
             Army
             of
             Nobler
             Extraction
             than
             himself
             ;
             that
             being
             as
             it
             were
             a
             strong
             Fortress
             ,
             and
             having
             none
             about
             him
             to
             whom
             he
             ow'd
             the
             least
             Deference
             ,
             he
             might
             give
             himself
             over
             to
             a
             Tyrannical
             Administration
             .
             He
             turn'd
             out
             all
             the
             Servants
             that
             belong'd
             to
             the
             Court
             in
             the
             late
             Reign
             ,
             and
             put
             most
             of
             them
             to
             death
             ,
             pretending
             Apprehensions
             of
             a
             Conspiracy
             form'd
             against
             him
             by
             them
             ;
             for
             which
             he
             had
             little
             Ground
             ,
             beside
             their
             Sorrow
             for
             the
             Death
             of
             the
             late
             Emperor
             .
             About
             this
             time
             an
             Accident
             hapned
             ,
             which
             serv'd
             to
             encrease
             his
             Rage
             ,
             and
             made
             him
             more
             forward
             to
             drive
             Things
             to
             Extremities
             .
             A
             Discovery
             was
             made
             of
             a
             Combination
             form'd
             against
             him
             by
             the
             whole
             Senate
             ,
             together
             with
             divers
             Centurions
             .
             Magnus
             ,
             a
             Nobleman
             of
             Rome
             ,
             of
             Consular
             Dignity
             ,
             was
             accus'd
             
             for
             endeavouring
             to
             raise
             a
             Rebellion
             ,
             and
             practising
             with
             the
             Soldiers
             to
             make
             him
             Emperor
             .
             The
             Plot
             was
             laid
             thus
             .
             Maximine
             had
             built
             a
             Bridge
             ,
             over
             which
             he
             design'd
             to
             pass
             his
             Army
             against
             the
             Germans
             :
             For
             he
             had
             a
             mind
             to
             signalize
             the
             Beginning
             of
             his
             Reign
             by
             some
             memorable
             Action
             ,
             well
             understanding
             ,
             that
             his
             podigious
             Stature
             and
             Strength
             of
             Body
             ,
             together
             with
             his
             Military
             Skill
             and
             Experience
             ,
             had
             chiefly
             recommended
             him
             to
             the
             Soldiers
             in
             the
             late
             Election
             ;
             and
             therefore
             he
             was
             willing
             to
             establish
             his
             Reputation
             ,
             and
             confirm
             the
             Opinion
             the
             Army
             had
             conceiv'd
             of
             him
             ,
             by
             some
             Exploit
             answerable
             to
             it
             ;
             and
             by
             the
             same
             it
             would
             be
             apparent
             to
             the
             World
             ,
             that
             
             Alexander's
             Fear
             ,
             and
             Slackness
             in
             pushing
             on
             the
             War
             ,
             was
             not
             blam'd
             without
             just
             Reason
             .
             He
             was
             very
             diligent
             in
             exercising
             his
             Soldiers
             ,
             appear'd
             often
             in
             his
             Army
             ,
             and
             exhorted
             his
             Men
             with
             great
             vehemence
             to
             behave
             themselves
             valiantly
             .
             But
             when
             the
             Bridge
             was
             finish'd
             ,
             and
             he
             design'd
             to
             pass
             over
             
             his
             Army
             ,
             and
             advance
             against
             the
             Germans
             ,
             Information
             was
             made
             ,
             that
             Magnus
             had
             corrupted
             some
             of
             his
             Soldiers
             ,
             not
             many
             in
             number
             ,
             but
             chosen
             Men
             ,
             especially
             those
             who
             were
             appointed
             to
             guard
             the
             Bridge
             ,
             which
             he
             had
             perswaded
             them
             to
             break
             down
             as
             soon
             as
             Maximine
             was
             got
             to
             the
             other
             Side
             ,
             and
             so
             he
             should
             have
             been
             betray'd
             into
             the
             Hands
             of
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             all
             possibility
             of
             re-passing
             being
             cut
             off
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             Depth
             and
             Broadness
             of
             the
             River
             ,
             there
             being
             no
             Transport
             Vessels
             on
             the
             other
             Side
             .
             This
             is
             the
             Substa●●●
             of
             what
             was
             discover'd
             .
             Whether
             it
             was
             true
             ,
             or
             was
             only
             a
             Forgery
             of
             
             Maximine's
             ,
             is
             uncertain
             :
             I
             can't
             say
             any
             thing
             positively
             ,
             because
             it
             was
             never
             inquir'd
             into
             ;
             for
             none
             of
             the
             Conspirators
             were
             brought
             to
             Trial
             ,
             or
             allow'd
             to
             make
             their
             Defence
             ;
             but
             all
             that
             were
             suspected
             were
             instantly
             apprehended
             ,
             and
             executed
             without
             Mercy
             .
          
           
             Soon
             after
             the
             Osrhoene
             Archers
             revolted
             :
             The
             Death
             of
             Alexander
             touch'd
             
             them
             sensibly
             ;
             so
             meeting
             accidentally
             with
             Quartinus
             ,
             a
             Consular
             Man
             ,
             who
             had
             been
             deeply
             in
             the
             late
             Emperor's
             Interests
             ,
             and
             was
             discarded
             by
             Maximine
             ,
             they
             constrain'd
             him
             to
             Head
             them
             ,
             which
             he
             did
             with
             great
             reluctancy
             .
             Then
             they
             carry'd
             Fire
             before
             him
             in
             State
             ,
             and
             put
             upon
             him
             the
             Imperial
             Robes
             ,
             (
             Ornaments
             which
             afterwards
             prov'd
             fatal
             to
             him
             )
             and
             advanc'd
             him
             to
             the
             Empire
             ,
             which
             was
             an
             Honour
             he
             was
             very
             far
             from
             aspiring
             to
             :
             But
             soon
             after
             he
             was
             assassinated
             in
             his
             Tent
             ,
             when
             he
             was
             asleep
             ,
             by
             an
             intimate
             Acquaintance
             ,
             and
             one
             whom
             he
             esteem'd
             his
             Friend
             .
             His
             Name
             was
             Macedon
             ;
             he
             was
             Commander
             in
             Chief
             of
             the
             Osrhoeni
             ,
             and
             't
             was
             by
             his
             Instigation
             that
             they
             revolted
             .
             There
             was
             no
             Ground
             of
             Distaste
             ,
             nor
             so
             much
             as
             a
             Misunderstanding
             between
             them
             ,
             to
             stir
             him
             up
             to
             the
             commission
             of
             this
             Barbarity
             on
             one
             whom
             he
             had
             compell'd
             to
             take
             upon
             him
             the
             Empire
             ;
             but
             he
             thought
             the
             Merit
             of
             this
             Action
             would
             entitle
             him
             to
             a
             great
             Share
             of
             
             the
             Emperor's
             Favour
             :
             So
             he
             cut
             off
             Quartinus
             his
             Head
             ,
             and
             presented
             it
             to
             
               Maximine
               .
               Maximine
            
             approv'd
             the
             Treachery
             better
             than
             he
             lik'd
             the
             Traitor
             ;
             hereby
             he
             had
             one
             Enemy
             less
             than
             he
             had
             before
             :
             But
             he
             order'd
             Macedon
             to
             be
             put
             to
             death
             amidst
             his
             high
             Expectances
             for
             so
             signal
             a
             Piece
             of
             Service
             ,
             as
             an
             Arch-Rebel
             to
             his
             Prince
             ,
             and
             a
             Traitor
             to
             his
             Friend
             ,
             whom
             by
             his
             pernicious
             Counsel
             he
             had
             misled
             .
          
           
             These
             Things
             exasperated
             Maximine
             ,
             and
             serv'd
             to
             encrease
             the
             standing
             Cruelty
             of
             his
             Nature
             .
             His
             Aspect
             was
             very
             terrible
             ,
             and
             his
             Body
             so
             vastly
             big
             ,
             that
             none
             of
             the
             Greek
             or
             Barbarous
             Champions
             were
             comparable
             to
             him
             .
             His
             Affairs
             being
             thus
             order'd
             ,
             he
             boldly
             led
             all
             his
             Forces
             over
             the
             Bridge
             ,
             and
             carry'd
             the
             War
             into
             Germany
             .
             His
             Army
             was
             very
             numerous
             ;
             he
             had
             with
             him
             almost
             the
             whole
             Power
             of
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             ,
             together
             with
             great
             Numbers
             of
             Moorish
             Darters
             ,
             and
             Osrhoene
             and
             Armenian
             Archers
             ,
             whereof
             the
             former
             are
             subject
             to
             the
             Romans
             ,
             the
             latter
             
             are
             their
             Confederates
             .
             He
             had
             also
             a
             great
             Force
             of
             Parthians
             ,
             consisting
             of
             Deserters
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             fought
             meerly
             for
             Pay
             ,
             together
             with
             Prisoners
             of
             War
             ,
             that
             were
             then
             in
             the
             Roman
             Service
             .
             This
             Army
             was
             rais'd
             by
             Alexander
             ,
             and
             was
             considerably
             reinforc'd
             ,
             and
             disciplin'd
             by
             Maximine
             .
             The
             Darters
             and
             Archers
             are
             the
             most
             serviceable
             against
             the
             Germans
             ;
             they
             fall
             upon
             them
             by
             surprize
             ,
             and
             retreat
             again
             with
             wonderful
             expedition
             .
             Maximine
             met
             with
             no
             Opposition
             for
             a
             long
             time
             .
             The
             Germans
             were
             fled
             :
             So
             he
             ravag'd
             the
             Country
             without
             controul
             ,
             tho'
             it
             was
             then
             the
             middle
             of
             Harvest
             .
             The
             Villages
             he
             burnt
             ,
             and
             gave
             them
             up
             to
             the
             Plunder
             of
             his
             Army
             .
             All
             their
             Cities
             and
             Buildings
             are
             soon
             consum'd
             with
             Fire
             ;
             for
             they
             very
             rarely
             use
             Brick
             or
             Stone
             ,
             but
             their
             Houses
             are
             a
             sort
             of
             Sheds
             made
             only
             of
             Boards
             fitted
             and
             fastned
             together
             .
          
           
             Thus
             Maximine
             for
             a
             long
             time
             spoil'd
             and
             wasted
             the
             Country
             ,
             giving
             all
             the
             Cattel
             that
             was
             taken
             among
             his
             Soldiers
             :
             
             But
             still
             no
             Enemy
             appear'd
             ;
             for
             the
             Germans
             had
             retir'd
             out
             of
             the
             plain
             open
             Country
             ,
             into
             the
             Fastnesses
             of
             the
             Woods
             and
             Fens
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             they
             might
             decoy
             the
             Romans
             thither
             ,
             where
             they
             might
             fall
             upon
             them
             among
             thick
             Woods
             ,
             which
             would
             shelter
             them
             from
             the
             Enemies
             Darts
             and
             Arrows
             ,
             and
             render
             them
             unserviceable
             ,
             and
             where
             too
             the
             Deepness
             of
             the
             Bogs
             would
             be
             dangerous
             to
             them
             ,
             in
             regard
             they
             were
             unacquainted
             with
             the
             Country
             ;
             whereas
             they
             had
             the
             Advantage
             of
             knowing
             which
             of
             them
             were
             passable
             ,
             and
             which
             not
             ,
             and
             run
             into
             them
             every
             Day
             up
             to
             the
             Knees
             .
             The
             Germans
             also
             are
             excellent
             Swimmers
             ,
             having
             no
             Baths
             beside
             the
             common
             Rivers
             .
          
           
             Notwithstanding
             these
             Disadvantages
             ,
             the
             Romans
             gave
             them
             Battel
             .
             The
             Emperor
             with
             extraordinary
             Gallantry
             made
             the
             Onset
             in
             Person
             ;
             for
             the
             Germans
             had
             retreated
             into
             a
             deep
             Morass
             ,
             whither
             the
             Romans
             were
             afraid
             to
             pursue
             them
             ;
             so
             Maximine
             set
             Spurs
             to
             his
             Horse
             ,
             and
             plung'd
             in
             up
             to
             the
             Belly
             ,
             
             making
             havock
             of
             all
             that
             pretended
             to
             oppose
             him
             .
             This
             Bravery
             of
             the
             General
             had
             its
             due
             influence
             on
             the
             Soldiers
             ;
             they
             were
             asham'd
             to
             betray
             their
             Emperor
             ,
             that
             hazarded
             himself
             so
             generously
             for
             them
             :
             So
             they
             all
             readily
             follow'd
             him
             .
             The
             Number
             of
             the
             Slain
             was
             very
             great
             on
             both
             Sides
             ;
             but
             the
             Romans
             had
             the
             better
             ,
             the
             German
             Army
             being
             almost
             entirely
             cut
             off
             .
             Maximine
             acquitted
             himself
             very
             valiantly
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             the
             whole
             Morass
             ,
             fill'd
             up
             with
             dead
             Bodies
             ,
             and
             discolour'd
             all
             with
             Blood
             ,
             seem'd
             to
             afford
             a
             just
             Representation
             of
             an
             Engagement
             at
             Sea.
             
          
           
             Maximine
             took
             care
             not
             only
             to
             send
             Accounts
             of
             this
             Engagement
             ,
             and
             his
             own
             Behaviour
             in
             it
             ,
             to
             the
             Roman
             Senate
             and
             People
             ,
             but
             caus'd
             it
             to
             be
             represented
             in
             a
             large
             Pageant
             ,
             and
             hung
             up
             before
             the
             Senate-house
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             the
             Peoples
             Eyes
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             their
             Ears
             ,
             might
             be
             duly
             affected
             with
             the
             Greatness
             of
             his
             Exploits
             .
             This
             Pageant
             was
             afterwards
             taken
             down
             by
             an
             Order
             of
             
             the
             Senate
             ,
             which
             abolish'd
             all
             his
             Publick
             Honours
             .
             He
             had
             several
             other
             Rencounters
             with
             the
             Germans
             ,
             wherein
             his
             Personal
             Deportment
             always
             deserv'd
             great
             Commendations
             ;
             but
             the
             Summer
             being
             far
             advanc'd
             ,
             he
             return'd
             into
             Pannonia
             with
             many
             Prisoners
             and
             a
             rich
             Booty
             .
             He
             Winter'd
             in
             Sirmium
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             greatest
             City
             in
             those
             Parts
             ,
             and
             prepar'd
             there
             for
             a
             second
             Expedition
             in
             the
             Spring
             ;
             and
             he
             was
             often
             heard
             to
             threaten
             ,
             (
             and
             he
             seem'd
             to
             be
             in
             earnest
             )
             that
             he
             would
             utterly
             destroy
             and
             subdue
             all
             the
             Barbarous
             Nations
             of
             Germany
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             the
             Ocean
             .
          
           
             Thus
             much
             for
             his
             Military
             Vertues
             .
             And
             he
             had
             certainly
             been
             a
             Glorious
             Prince
             ,
             had
             not
             his
             Cruelty
             at
             home
             cast
             a
             Blemish
             upon
             his
             Atchievements
             abroad
             :
             For
             ,
             what
             signified
             the
             Slaughter
             of
             Enemies
             abroad
             ,
             if
             greater
             was
             made
             of
             the
             Subjects
             at
             home
             ?
             What
             did
             all
             the
             Booty
             and
             Prisoners
             of
             War
             avail
             ,
             if
             the
             Subject
             was
             despoil'd
             of
             all
             he
             had
             by
             Injury
             and
             Oppression
             ?
             Common
             Informers
             were
             not
             only
             licens'd
             ,
             
             but
             countenanc'd
             and
             encourag'd
             by
             the
             Government
             ,
             to
             circumvent
             honest
             Men
             ,
             and
             ,
             if
             Occasion
             requir'd
             ,
             to
             rake
             into
             secret
             Crimes
             ,
             that
             had
             been
             committed
             in
             former
             Reigns
             ,
             and
             had
             lain
             undiscover'd
             till
             these
             Times
             .
             And
             so
             partial
             were
             the
             Courts
             of
             Justice
             ,
             that
             if
             any
             Man
             was
             impeach'd
             by
             a
             Court-Sycophant
             ,
             he
             was
             certainly
             found
             guilty
             ,
             and
             his
             Estates
             declar'd
             forfeit
             ;
             by
             which
             Means
             it
             often
             hapned
             ,
             that
             he
             that
             reliev'd
             his
             Neighbour
             to
             day
             ,
             was
             constrain'd
             himself
             to
             ask
             Relief
             the
             Day
             following
             .
             Thus
             were
             the
             Subjects
             squeez'd
             under
             a
             griping
             Tyrant
             ,
             that
             still
             acted
             under
             a
             Pretext
             of
             supplying
             himself
             with
             Money
             to
             distribute
             among
             the
             Soldiers
             .
             His
             Ears
             were
             open
             to
             all
             sorts
             of
             Calumnies
             ,
             against
             whomsoever
             vented
             ,
             without
             any
             respect
             to
             Age
             or
             Quality
             .
             Several
             Men
             of
             eminent
             Condition
             ,
             that
             were
             intrusted
             with
             the
             Government
             of
             Provinces
             ,
             and
             the
             Command
             of
             Armies
             ,
             after
             Consular
             and
             Triumphal
             Honours
             ,
             were
             suddenly
             arrested
             upon
             slight
             Accusations
             ,
             
             and
             by
             Order
             of
             the
             Emperor
             thrust
             into
             a
             Coach
             ,
             and
             constrain'd
             to
             travel
             Night
             and
             Day
             ,
             without
             any
             Attendants
             ,
             from
             the
             East
             or
             West
             ,
             or
             perhaps
             from
             the
             South
             ,
             into
             Pannonia
             ,
             where
             the
             Emperor
             at
             that
             time
             held
             his
             Residence
             .
             Upon
             their
             arrival
             they
             were
             disgrac'd
             and
             degraded
             ,
             and
             then
             either
             put
             to
             death
             or
             banish'd
             .
          
           
             While
             these
             Storms
             fell
             only
             upon
             single
             Persons
             ,
             and
             bounded
             themselves
             within
             private
             Families
             ,
             the
             Publick
             did
             not
             seem
             much
             concern'd
             .
             The
             Fall
             of
             Great
             Men
             is
             not
             only
             little
             regarded
             by
             the
             Multitude
             ,
             but
             some
             Persons
             that
             envy
             the
             Happiness
             of
             those
             that
             are
             above
             them
             ,
             by
             a
             particular
             Malignity
             of
             Nature
             ,
             rejoice
             at
             their
             Misfortunes
             .
          
           
             Thus
             the
             Tyrant
             reduc'd
             several
             Noble
             Families
             from
             great
             Wealth
             to
             extreme
             Poverty
             .
             And
             yet
             all
             this
             was
             too
             little
             for
             him
             ,
             his
             Appetite
             was
             still
             craving
             ;
             so
             he
             began
             his
             Rapines
             upon
             the
             Publick
             ,
             and
             seiz'd
             at
             once
             all
             the
             Treasure
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             to
             whatsoever
             
             Uses
             design'd
             ,
             whether
             it
             was
             to
             be
             distributed
             among
             the
             People
             ,
             or
             was
             to
             furnish
             the
             Publick
             Granaries
             ,
             or
             was
             to
             defray
             the
             Expence
             of
             Games
             and
             Shews
             exhibited
             at
             the
             Cities
             Charge
             .
             Then
             he
             commanded
             all
             the
             Ornaments
             of
             Churches
             and
             the
             other
             Publick
             Buildings
             ,
             all
             the
             Statues
             of
             Gods
             and
             Images
             of
             Heroes
             ,
             and
             ,
             in
             short
             ,
             whatever
             might
             be
             converted
             into
             Coin
             ,
             to
             be
             melted
             down
             .
             These
             Things
             gave
             general
             Discontent
             ,
             and
             afforded
             Matter
             of
             an
             universal
             Grief
             :
             The
             City
             ,
             without
             any
             War
             or
             Foreign
             Hostility
             ,
             appear'd
             like
             a
             Town
             besieg'd
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             there
             arose
             some
             generous
             Patriots
             ,
             who
             resolv'd
             to
             stem
             these
             Oppressions
             ,
             and
             to
             guard
             the
             Temples
             ,
             and
             rather
             to
             be
             sacrific'd
             upon
             the
             Altars
             ,
             than
             behold
             the
             Ruine
             and
             Desolation
             of
             their
             Country
             .
             The
             ill
             Humour
             of
             the
             People
             both
             in
             the
             City
             and
             Provinces
             began
             to
             appear
             more
             manifestly
             than
             ever
             .
             The
             Soldiers
             themselves
             could
             not
             approve
             what
             he
             did
             ,
             being
             often
             reproach'd
             by
             their
             Friends
             as
             the
             Instruments
             
             of
             all
             his
             illegal
             Proceedings
             .
             So
             he
             drew
             ,
             as
             well
             he
             might
             ,
             a
             popular
             Odium
             upon
             himself
             :
             But
             no
             Man
             dar'd
             as
             yet
             to
             do
             any
             thing
             ;
             they
             only
             pray'd
             to
             and
             invok'd
             the
             injur'd
             Gods
             ,
             until
             he
             had
             reign'd
             Three
             Years
             compleatly
             ,
             at
             which
             time
             the
             Africans
             ,
             upon
             a
             slight
             Occasion
             ,
             (
             such
             are
             the
             Slips
             of
             Tyrants
             )
             took
             up
             Arms
             and
             rebell'd
             .
             The
             Occasion
             was
             this
             .
          
           
             The
             Procurator
             of
             Carthage
             was
             very
             rigid
             and
             cruel
             in
             his
             Government
             :
             Prosecutions
             were
             carry'd
             very
             violently
             against
             the
             Subject
             ,
             and
             he
             extorted
             great
             Sums
             of
             Money
             from
             them
             ;
             and
             all
             this
             was
             done
             to
             the
             end
             he
             might
             merit
             
             Maximine's
             Approbation
             ,
             who
             always
             made
             choice
             of
             such
             Tools
             as
             he
             knew
             were
             the
             fittest
             for
             his
             own
             Purposes
             .
             The
             Officers
             of
             the
             Exchequer
             ,
             tho'
             they
             were
             really
             honest
             Men
             ,
             (
             which
             very
             rarely
             happens
             )
             considering
             the
             insatiate
             Avarice
             of
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             follow'd
             the
             Example
             of
             the
             other
             Ministers
             ,
             tho'
             much
             against
             their
             will
             ,
             well
             knowing
             the
             great
             Hazard
             they
             were
             to
             
             run
             if
             they
             did
             not
             .
             This
             Procurator
             among
             his
             other
             Oppressions
             ▪
             proceeded
             with
             great
             violence
             against
             certain
             young
             Men
             of
             rich
             and
             noble
             Families
             ,
             and
             obtain'd
             Judgment
             to
             be
             pronounc'd
             against
             them
             ,
             intending
             to
             squeeze
             great
             Sums
             of
             Money
             from
             them
             ,
             and
             to
             deprive
             them
             of
             the
             Estates
             and
             Inheritances
             of
             their
             Ancestors
             .
             These
             things
             highly
             exasperated
             the
             young
             Nobles
             ;
             however
             ,
             they
             promis'd
             to
             pay
             the
             Money
             ,
             only
             they
             desir'd
             him
             to
             respite
             the
             Payment
             for
             Three
             Days
             :
             In
             which
             time
             they
             form'd
             an
             Association
             ,
             and
             drew
             into
             it
             all
             those
             who
             had
             been
             oppress'd
             by
             the
             Government
             already
             ,
             or
             had
             reason
             to
             apprehend
             the
             like
             Usage
             ;
             and
             prevail'd
             with
             the
             Boors
             and
             Peasants
             to
             come
             down
             in
             the
             Night
             with
             Clubs
             and
             Axes
             ,
             which
             they
             did
             accordingly
             ,
             entring
             the
             City
             before
             the
             Morning
             ,
             and
             hiding
             their
             Arms
             under
             their
             Clothes
             ,
             which
             were
             such
             as
             they
             could
             be
             furnish'd
             with
             upon
             so
             sudden
             an
             Insurrection
             .
             Their
             Number
             was
             very
             great
             ;
             for
             Africk
             is
             very
             populous
             ,
             and
             
             great
             Numbers
             of
             Peasants
             are
             employ'd
             in
             cultivating
             the
             Land.
             In
             the
             Morning
             the
             young
             Nobles
             commanded
             these
             Boors
             to
             follow
             them
             in
             a
             Body
             ,
             as
             part
             of
             the
             Mob
             ;
             but
             charg'd
             them
             strictly
             not
             to
             discover
             their
             Arms
             ,
             till
             they
             were
             assaulted
             by
             the
             Soldiers
             or
             People
             for
             what
             they
             were
             about
             to
             do
             .
             Then
             they
             went
             to
             the
             Procurator
             ,
             and
             made
             as
             if
             they
             would
             have
             treated
             with
             him
             about
             the
             Payment
             of
             the
             Money
             afore-mention'd
             ;
             but
             then
             they
             suddenly
             fell
             upon
             him
             ,
             and
             kill'd
             him
             before
             he
             was
             aware
             of
             any
             such
             Design
             ;
             at
             which
             the
             Soldiers
             began
             to
             draw
             their
             Swords
             ,
             as
             if
             they
             would
             have
             reveng'd
             his
             Death
             :
             But
             they
             were
             soon
             dispers'd
             by
             the
             Boors
             ,
             that
             came
             on
             very
             resolutely
             with
             their
             Clubs
             and
             Axes
             .
             After
             this
             Fact
             ,
             so
             openly
             and
             so
             audaciously
             committed
             ,
             the
             Youths
             grew
             desperate
             ;
             and
             having
             succeeded
             so
             well
             in
             their
             first
             Enterprize
             ,
             thought
             the
             only
             way
             to
             be
             safe
             ,
             was
             to
             attempt
             greater
             ,
             and
             therefore
             resolv'd
             to
             make
             the
             Governor
             of
             the
             Province
             embarque
             in
             the
             
             Adventure
             ,
             and
             then
             perswaded
             the
             People
             to
             a
             general
             Revolt
             ,
             which
             had
             been
             long
             wish'd
             for
             by
             all
             Men
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             general
             Hatred
             of
             Maximine
             ,
             tho'
             their
             Fears
             had
             hinder'd
             the
             putting
             of
             it
             in
             practice
             :
             So
             they
             led
             the
             Mob
             at
             Noon-day
             to
             the
             Proconsul's
             House
             ;
             his
             Name
             was
             Gordian
             ,
             he
             was
             Eighty
             Years
             of
             age
             when
             he
             was
             made
             Proconsul
             ,
             and
             had
             run
             through
             great
             Employments
             ,
             and
             superintended
             divers
             Provinces
             ;
             for
             which
             Reasons
             they
             thought
             he
             would
             not
             dislike
             the
             Proposal
             they
             were
             about
             to
             make
             to
             him
             .
             The
             Empire
             would
             come
             now
             very
             seasonably
             to
             crown
             his
             other
             Dignities
             .
             They
             thought
             also
             the
             Senate
             and
             People
             of
             Rome
             would
             be
             satisfied
             with
             their
             Choice
             ,
             in
             regard
             he
             was
             not
             only
             sprung
             from
             Illustious
             Ancestors
             ,
             but
             had
             advanc'd
             as
             it
             were
             gradually
             through
             inferior
             Trusts
             and
             Honours
             ,
             to
             this
             Supreme
             Dignity
             .
          
           
             This
             Business
             hapned
             at
             a
             Time
             when
             Gordian
             liv'd
             at
             his
             private
             House
             ,
             in
             the
             enjoyment
             of
             a
             Retreat
             from
             the
             
             Fatigues
             and
             Ceremonies
             of
             his
             Publick
             Character
             .
             The
             Youths
             who
             headed
             the
             Mob
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             they
             came
             to
             the
             House
             seiz'd
             the
             Porters
             ,
             and
             rush'd
             violently
             into
             the
             House
             with
             their
             Swords
             drawn
             ,
             where
             they
             found
             Gordian
             reposing
             himself
             upon
             a
             Couch
             ,
             and
             instantly
             put
             Robes
             of
             Purple
             upon
             him
             ,
             and
             declar'd
             him
             Emperor
             with
             the
             usual
             Solemnity
             .
             So
             surprizing
             an
             Accident
             infinitely
             amaz'd
             him
             ;
             he
             presently
             thought
             't
             was
             some
             Design
             against
             his
             Life
             :
             So
             he
             flung
             himself
             from
             his
             Couch
             upon
             the
             Ground
             ,
             and
             besought
             them
             to
             spare
             an
             old
             Man
             ,
             who
             had
             done
             them
             no
             Injury
             ,
             and
             advis'd
             them
             to
             be
             cautious
             how
             they
             violated
             their
             Faith
             and
             Loyalty
             to
             their
             Prince
             .
             And
             when
             they
             importun'd
             him
             ,
             and
             held
             up
             their
             naked
             Swords
             ,
             so
             great
             was
             his
             present
             Fright
             ,
             and
             so
             utterly
             ignorant
             was
             he
             of
             the
             whole
             Matter
             ,
             that
             he
             could
             not
             apprehend
             what
             they
             meant
             ,
             nor
             divine
             the
             Reasons
             of
             the
             Tumult
             .
             So
             one
             of
             the
             Youths
             ,
             that
             was
             sprung
             from
             a
             nobler
             Stock
             than
             the
             rest
             ,
             and
             was
             
             the
             most
             powerful
             Orator
             among
             them
             ,
             commanded
             Silence
             ,
             and
             laying
             his
             Hand
             upon
             his
             Sword
             ,
             deliver'd
             himself
             to
             him
             in
             the
             following
             Words
             .
          
           
             SIR
             ,
             You
             must
             take
             your
             Choice
             of
             two
             Dangers
             ;
             the
             one
             present
             and
             certain
             ,
             the
             other
             future
             and
             contingent
             .
             We
             leave
             it
             to
             your
             Discretion
             ,
             whether
             you
             'll
             be
             sav'd
             with
             us
             ,
             and
             lay
             hold
             on
             this
             favourable
             Conjuncture
             ,
             to
             which
             we
             have
             all
             trusted
             ,
             or
             be
             instantly
             murder'd
             by
             those
             Hands
             that
             make
             you
             this
             Tender
             of
             Safety
             .
             If
             you
             chuse
             the
             former
             ,
             you
             have
             many
             and
             rational
             Grounds
             of
             Incouragement
             .
             Maximine
             is
             universally
             hated
             ;
             and
             by
             taking
             him
             off
             you
             'll
             rescue
             us
             from
             the
             cruel
             Administration
             of
             a
             Barbarous
             Tyrant
             ,
             and
             will
             encrease
             the
             Lustre
             of
             your
             former
             Actions
             by
             a
             considerable
             Accession
             of
             Glory
             ,
             the
             just
             Reward
             of
             so
             generous
             an
             Undertaking
             .
             You
             will
             receive
             also
             eminent
             Acknowledgments
             for
             the
             same
             ,
             and
             immortal
             Honours
             from
             the
             Roman
             Senate
             and
             People
             .
             But
             if
             you
             refuse
             to
             concur
             with
             us
             ,
             we
             will
             cut
             you
             in
             Pieces
             this
             Day
             ,
             and
             sacrifice
             our
             
             selves
             (
             if
             need
             be
             )
             in
             the
             Quarrel
             .
             We
             have
             done
             that
             which
             we
             can't
             imagine
             will
             ever
             be
             pardon'd
             :
             We
             have
             murder'd
             the
             Procurator
             ,
             that
             Tool
             of
             Villainy
             ,
             and
             he
             has
             receiv'd
             that
             Reward
             from
             our
             Hands
             which
             his
             Cruelty
             has
             long
             cry'd
             aloud
             for
             .
             In
             short
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             if
             you
             'll
             engage
             in
             this
             Enterprize
             ,
             and
             run
             the
             Risque
             that
             it
             may
             expose
             us
             to
             ,
             we
             will
             set
             you
             upon
             the
             Imperial
             Throne
             ;
             and
             so
             far
             shall
             this
             Action
             of
             ours
             be
             from
             being
             condemn'd
             ,
             that
             the
             whole
             World
             shall
             applaud
             it
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             middle
             of
             this
             Harangue
             the
             Mob
             grew
             impatient
             ,
             and
             with
             the
             Concurrence
             of
             the
             Citizens
             ,
             who
             were
             all
             drawn
             hither
             by
             the
             News
             of
             this
             Days
             Action
             ,
             proclaim'd
             Gordian
             Emperor
             .
             He
             excus'd
             himself
             at
             first
             ,
             and
             pretended
             his
             great
             Age
             had
             render'd
             him
             unable
             to
             execute
             so
             important
             a
             Trust
             ;
             yet
             he
             accepted
             it
             with
             all
             his
             Heart
             ;
             for
             he
             was
             naturally
             very
             desirous
             of
             Glory
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             two
             Dangers
             was
             willing
             to
             chuse
             that
             which
             only
             threatned
             him
             at
             a
             distance
             :
             Nay
             ,
             he
             was
             
             content
             even
             to
             die
             ,
             so
             he
             might
             fall
             with
             the
             Scepter
             in
             his
             Hands
             ,
             and
             signalize
             the
             last
             Scenes
             of
             his
             Life
             .
             Then
             follow'd
             a
             formidable
             Rising
             ;
             all
             Africk
             was
             in
             Arms
             ,
             and
             
             Maximine's
             Images
             were
             demolish'd
             ,
             and
             
             Gordian's
             set
             up
             in
             all
             the
             Towns
             and
             Cities
             .
             They
             also
             honour'd
             him
             with
             the
             Surname
             of
             Africanus
             ,
             the
             Southern
             Lybians
             being
             call'd
             Afri
             ,
             or
             Africani
             ,
             by
             the
             Romans
             .
          
           
             While
             these
             Things
             were
             doing
             ,
             Gordian
             was
             at
             Thystrum
             ,
             where
             he
             staid
             two
             or
             three
             Days
             after
             he
             had
             taken
             upon
             him
             the
             Habit
             and
             Character
             of
             Emperor
             :
             Then
             he
             march'd
             to
             Carthage
             ,
             a
             rich
             and
             populous
             City
             ,
             where
             he
             might
             in
             all
             Points
             maintain
             a
             Port
             and
             Grandeur
             equal
             to
             the
             Emperors
             in
             Rome
             .
             This
             City
             for
             Largeness
             ,
             Wealth
             ,
             and
             Number
             of
             Inhabitants
             ,
             disputes
             the
             Precedence
             with
             Alexandria
             of
             Aegypt
             ,
             and
             is
             inferior
             only
             to
             Rome
             .
             There
             follow'd
             him
             all
             the
             Pageantry
             of
             a
             Crown
             .
             The
             Soldiers
             and
             tallest
             of
             the
             Citizens
             went
             after
             him
             ,
             in
             imitation
             of
             the
             Emperor's
             Life-guard
             .
             Rods
             of
             Laurel
             
             also
             ,
             and
             Fire
             ,
             Marks
             of
             Honour
             distinguishing
             Princes
             from
             Private
             Persons
             ,
             were
             born
             before
             him
             in
             State
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             Carthage
             for
             a
             short
             time
             represented
             the
             Imperial
             City
             of
             Rome
             .
          
           
             Gordian
             sent
             Letters
             to
             the
             Chief
             Men
             in
             Rome
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             most
             eminent
             of
             the
             Senators
             ,
             the
             greatest
             part
             whereof
             were
             engag'd
             to
             him
             by
             Friendships
             and
             Alliances
             :
             He
             publish'd
             also
             Declarations
             directed
             to
             the
             Senate
             and
             People
             of
             Rome
             ,
             setting
             forth
             the
             unanimous
             Consent
             of
             the
             Africans
             in
             his
             Election
             ,
             and
             the
             barbarous
             Cruelties
             of
             the
             present
             Emperor
             ,
             which
             he
             knew
             were
             universally
             abhorr'd
             .
             Then
             he
             gave
             all
             the
             Assurances
             that
             could
             be
             of
             a
             gentle
             and
             benign
             Government
             ,
             banish'd
             all
             common
             Informers
             ,
             revers'd
             unjust
             Judgments
             ,
             and
             allow'd
             the
             Parties
             aggriev'd
             the
             Benefit
             of
             a
             new
             Defence
             .
             Those
             that
             were
             exil'd
             he
             restor'd
             to
             their
             Native
             Countries
             ,
             and
             promis'd
             a
             Dole
             to
             the
             People
             ,
             and
             a
             Largess
             to
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             greater
             than
             had
             ever
             been
             given
             before
             .
             He
             also
             laid
             a
             Train
             to
             
             destroy
             Vitalian
             the
             Captain
             of
             the
             Praetorian
             Band
             ,
             who
             was
             a
             cruel
             and
             a
             bloody
             Man
             ,
             and
             a
             firm
             Friend
             to
             Maximine
             and
             his
             Interests
             ,
             to
             which
             he
             was
             entirely
             devoted
             :
             For
             he
             foresaw
             that
             he
             would
             vigorously
             oppose
             his
             Designs
             ,
             and
             affright
             other
             People
             from
             stirring
             in
             his
             behalf
             :
             So
             he
             sent
             the
             Quaestor
             of
             the
             Province
             ,
             a
             bold
             brawny
             Youth
             ,
             that
             was
             in
             the
             flower
             of
             his
             Age
             ,
             and
             ready
             to
             run
             any
             Hazard
             in
             his
             Service
             ,
             and
             order'd
             certain
             Centurions
             and
             Soldiers
             to
             accompany
             him
             ,
             and
             gave
             him
             Letters
             seal'd
             with
             two
             Seals
             ,
             in
             which
             secret
             Intelligences
             are
             wont
             to
             be
             imparted
             to
             the
             Emperor
             .
             They
             were
             instructed
             to
             enter
             the
             City
             in
             the
             Night
             ,
             and
             go
             directly
             to
             Vitalian
             in
             his
             Office
             where
             he
             us'd
             to
             take
             and
             examine
             all
             secret
             Informations
             and
             Discoveries
             which
             any
             way
             concern'd
             the
             Emperor's
             Safety
             .
             As
             soon
             as
             they
             came
             to
             him
             ,
             they
             were
             to
             acquaint
             him
             ,
             
               That
               they
               had
               Letters
               for
            
             Maximine
             
               that
               contain'd
               secret
               Advices
               ,
               and
               that
               they
               were
               sent
               upon
               Business
               that
               nearly
               concern'd
               the
               Safety
               of
               
               his
               Person
               :
            
             After
             which
             they
             were
             to
             desire
             a
             private
             Conference
             ,
             wherein
             they
             might
             lay
             before
             him
             their
             Instructions
             in
             the
             Affair
             they
             were
             sent
             about
             ;
             and
             while
             he
             was
             viewing
             the
             Seals
             ,
             they
             might
             pretend
             to
             speak
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             so
             fall
             upon
             him
             with
             their
             Ponyards
             and
             kill
             him
             :
             All
             which
             succeeded
             as
             he
             desir'd
             .
             They
             came
             to
             him
             before
             it
             was
             light
             ,
             about
             which
             time
             he
             was
             commonly
             stirring
             ,
             and
             found
             him
             unattended
             and
             almost
             alone
             :
             Some
             were
             not
             yet
             come
             ,
             others
             had
             been
             at
             his
             Levy
             ,
             and
             were
             gone
             again
             .
             He
             was
             at
             leisure
             ,
             so
             they
             were
             easily
             admitted
             ,
             and
             acquainted
             him
             with
             their
             Business
             ,
             and
             deliver'd
             the
             Letters
             ;
             and
             while
             he
             was
             poring
             over
             the
             Seals
             ,
             they
             assaulted
             and
             kill'd
             him
             ;
             and
             when
             they
             had
             done
             ,
             bolted
             forth
             with
             their
             naked
             Ponyards
             ,
             and
             escap'd
             ;
             the
             People
             that
             were
             before
             the
             Door
             of
             his
             Office
             retiring
             in
             astonishment
             ,
             and
             giving
             them
             way
             ;
             for
             they
             suppos'd
             that
             all
             had
             been
             done
             by
             the
             Emperor's
             Order
             ,
             who
             had
             often
             rewarded
             the
             Services
             of
             his
             greatest
             
             Favourites
             in
             the
             same
             manner
             .
             Then
             they
             came
             into
             the
             
               Sacred
               Way
            
             ,
             and
             dispers'd
             
             Gordian's
             Declaration
             ,
             that
             was
             directed
             to
             the
             People
             ,
             and
             deliver'd
             the
             Letters
             to
             the
             Consuls
             and
             the
             rest
             ,
             and
             spread
             abroad
             Rumors
             that
             Maximine
             was
             slain
             :
             Upon
             which
             the
             People
             ran
             about
             ,
             as
             if
             they
             had
             been
             seiz'd
             with
             some
             sudden
             Frenzy
             ;
             for
             the
             Mobile
             in
             all
             Countries
             is
             the
             same
             ,
             fickle
             ,
             inconstant
             ,
             Lovers
             of
             Changes
             and
             Revolutions
             ;
             yet
             of
             all
             Nations
             under
             the
             Sun
             ,
             the
             Romans
             are
             certainly
             the
             most
             capricious
             ,
             in
             regard
             they
             are
             compounded
             of
             so
             many
             differing
             and
             Foreign
             Mixtures
             .
          
           
             In
             this
             sudden
             Tumult
             all
             
             Maximine's
             Statues
             were
             pull'd
             down
             ,
             all
             Men
             flung
             off
             the
             Masque
             ,
             now
             they
             were
             deliver'd
             from
             the
             Fears
             which
             had
             oblig'd
             them
             to
             wear
             it
             ,
             and
             discover'd
             their
             Hatred
             and
             Detestation
             of
             the
             Tyrant
             .
             The
             Senate
             ,
             without
             examining
             the
             Grounds
             of
             the
             Report
             concerning
             his
             Death
             ,
             conjecturing
             only
             from
             the
             present
             Stream
             of
             Affairs
             ,
             proclaim'd
             Gordian
             
             and
             his
             Son
             Emperors
             ,
             and
             abrogated
             all
             the
             Honours
             that
             had
             been
             heap'd
             upon
             Maximine
             .
             All
             common
             Informers
             and
             Court-Sycophants
             either
             fled
             ,
             or
             were
             cut
             to
             Pieces
             by
             those
             whom
             they
             had
             injur'd
             :
             The
             Procurators
             and
             Judges
             ,
             those
             Tools
             and
             Instruments
             of
             Tyranny
             ,
             were
             dragg'd
             by
             the
             People
             into
             the
             Common
             Shore
             .
             Beside
             these
             ,
             many
             innocent
             Men
             were
             sacrific'd
             during
             this
             Publick
             Disorder
             ;
             Debtors
             kill'd
             their
             Creditors
             ;
             and
             if
             any
             Man
             had
             an
             Adversary
             in
             a
             Suit
             then
             depending
             ,
             or
             the
             least
             Ground
             of
             private
             Resentment
             against
             a
             Person
             ,
             he
             boldly
             rush'd
             in
             upon
             him
             ,
             and
             with
             Force
             and
             Arms
             rifled
             the
             House
             ,
             and
             flew
             the
             Master
             .
             Thus
             ,
             under
             pretext
             of
             Liberty
             and
             Peace
             ,
             was
             the
             Empire
             thrown
             into
             Convulsions
             ,
             and
             felt
             the
             Effects
             of
             a
             Civil
             War
             :
             And
             when
             Sabinus
             ,
             a
             Consular
             Man
             ,
             and
             Praefect
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             endeavour'd
             to
             repress
             these
             Insolencies
             ,
             he
             had
             his
             Scull
             split
             by
             a
             Blow
             which
             he
             receiv'd
             on
             his
             Head
             with
             a
             Club
             :
             So
             great
             were
             the
             Outrages
             committed
             at
             
             this
             time
             by
             the
             People
             .
             The
             Senate
             too
             had
             proceeded
             so
             far
             ,
             that
             they
             durst
             not
             retreat
             for
             fear
             of
             Maximine
             :
             So
             they
             set
             all
             Engines
             at
             work
             to
             make
             the
             Provinces
             revolt
             :
             They
             sent
             Ambassadors
             to
             the
             Praefects
             Men
             chosen
             out
             of
             the
             Senate
             and
             Gentry
             of
             Rome
             ,
             and
             gave
             them
             Letters
             declaring
             the
             Sense
             of
             the
             Roman
             People
             and
             Senate
             in
             relation
             to
             the
             present
             Juncture
             of
             Affairs
             ,
             and
             exhorting
             them
             to
             join
             with
             them
             in
             asserting
             the
             Liberty
             of
             their
             Country
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             Great
             Council
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             and
             in
             perswading
             the
             Provinces
             to
             persevere
             in
             their
             Duty
             and
             Obedience
             to
             the
             People
             of
             Rome
             ,
             in
             whom
             the
             Empire
             of
             the
             World
             had
             been
             lodg'd
             for
             divers
             Ages
             ,
             and
             to
             cultivate
             that
             Amity
             which
             had
             been
             so
             happily
             begun
             and
             maintain'd
             by
             their
             Ancestors
             .
             The
             Ambassadors
             met
             with
             a
             kind
             Reception
             in
             most
             Places
             ,
             and
             found
             a
             general
             Disaffection
             in
             the
             Provinces
             to
             the
             present
             Government
             ,
             which
             they
             improv'd
             into
             an
             actual
             and
             open
             Rebellion
             .
             Such
             Magistrates
             as
             adher'd
             
             to
             Maximine
             were
             kill'd
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             fell
             in
             with
             the
             Faction
             in
             Rome
             .
             Some
             few
             indeed
             there
             were
             that
             kill'd
             those
             that
             were
             sent
             to
             them
             ,
             or
             sent
             them
             away
             with
             a
             strong
             Guard
             to
             Maximine
             ,
             who
             put
             them
             to
             exquisite
             Torments
             .
             These
             were
             the
             Dispositions
             of
             the
             People
             in
             Rome
             .
          
           
             Maximine
             upon
             receiving
             the
             News
             hereof
             was
             much
             troubled
             in
             Mind
             ,
             but
             would
             not
             reveal
             his
             secret
             Agonies
             to
             the
             World
             ,
             but
             pretended
             to
             despise
             all
             these
             Things
             as
             the
             harmless
             Efforts
             of
             impotent
             Men
             :
             Nevertheless
             ,
             he
             staid
             at
             home
             all
             the
             first
             and
             second
             Day
             after
             the
             News
             came
             ,
             and
             advis'd
             with
             his
             Council
             about
             the
             Measures
             to
             be
             taken
             in
             the
             present
             Exigency
             .
             The
             Army
             and
             People
             in
             those
             Parts
             knew
             very
             well
             the
             whole
             Rise
             and
             Progress
             of
             this
             Rebellion
             ,
             and
             were
             astonish'd
             at
             so
             bold
             an
             Attempt
             ;
             but
             they
             held
             their
             Tongues
             ,
             and
             pretended
             Ignorance
             of
             the
             whole
             Business
             ;
             for
             so
             great
             were
             the
             Jealousies
             of
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             that
             he
             set
             Spies
             to
             observe
             not
             only
             the
             Words
             
             but
             even
             the
             Nods
             and
             Motions
             of
             the
             People
             .
             On
             the
             third
             Day
             he
             commanded
             the
             Army
             to
             assemble
             before
             the
             Gates
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             where
             he
             read
             a
             short
             Speech
             to
             them
             ,
             which
             his
             Friends
             had
             compos'd
             for
             him
             ,
             in
             the
             following
             Words
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     MAXIMINE'S
                     SPEECH
                     to
                     the
                     ARMY
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Gentlemen
                       ,
                    
                  
                   
                     I
                     Have
                     something
                     to
                     impart
                     to
                     you
                     which
                     is
                     very
                     strange
                     ,
                     and
                     almost
                     incredible
                     ;
                     tho'
                     truly
                     ,
                     in
                     my
                     opinion
                     ,
                     it
                     deserves
                     rather
                     to
                     be
                     laugh'd
                     than
                     wonder'd
                     at
                     .
                     'T
                     is
                     not
                     the
                     Germans
                     ,
                     whom
                     you
                     have
                     so
                     often
                     vanquish'd
                     ,
                     that
                     contemn
                     the
                     Reputation
                     of
                     your
                     Valour
                     ,
                     and
                     have
                     taken
                     up
                     Arms
                     against
                     us
                     ;
                     nor
                     the
                     Sarmatians
                     ,
                     who
                     make
                     such
                     constant
                     Applications
                     to
                     this
                     Court
                     for
                     Peace
                     ;
                     nor
                     the
                     Persians
                     ,
                     who
                     some
                     Years
                     ago
                     over-ran
                     Mesopotamia
                     ,
                     but
                     are
                     now
                     glad
                     to
                     possess
                     what
                     they
                     have
                     in
                     quiet
                     :
                     The
                     Glory
                     of
                     your
                     Arms
                     ,
                     and
                     their
                     Experience
                     of
                     our
                     Courage
                     ,
                     when
                     we
                     commanded
                     the
                     Army
                     upon
                     the
                     River
                     ,
                     
                     has
                     effectually
                     deterr'd
                     them
                     from
                     attempting
                     any
                     thing
                     against
                     us
                     :
                     But
                     (
                     that
                     I
                     may
                     say
                     no
                     worse
                     )
                     an
                     Epidemical
                     Madness
                     has
                     seiz'd
                     the
                     Carthaginians
                     ,
                     and
                     they
                     have
                     ,
                     either
                     by
                     Perswasion
                     or
                     Force
                     ,
                     set
                     up
                     an
                     old
                     Wretch
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ready
                     to
                     drop
                     into
                     the
                     Grave
                     ,
                     to
                     act
                     as
                     it
                     were
                     the
                     King
                     in
                     a
                     Play.
                     For
                     what
                     Army
                     can
                     they
                     have
                     to
                     support
                     his
                     Pretensions
                     ,
                     who
                     are
                     forc'd
                     to
                     make
                     Lictors
                     execute
                     the
                     Commission
                     of
                     Proconsul
                     ?
                     Or
                     ,
                     admitting
                     they
                     had
                     Men
                     ,
                     what
                     would
                     that
                     avail
                     without
                     Arms
                     ?
                     And
                     't
                     is
                     well
                     known
                     they
                     have
                     none
                     ,
                     besides
                     the
                     Half-Pikes
                     which
                     they
                     use
                     in
                     hunting
                     Wild
                     Beasts
                     .
                     And
                     for
                     Martial
                     Discipline
                     ,
                     there
                     is
                     no
                     such
                     thing
                     amongst
                     them
                     ;
                     but
                     in
                     stead
                     thereof
                     ,
                     Songs
                     ,
                     Dances
                     ,
                     and
                     loose
                     Raillery
                     .
                  
                   
                     Nor
                     would
                     I
                     have
                     any
                     of
                     you
                     disheartned
                     by
                     the
                     Advices
                     which
                     we
                     receive
                     from
                     
                       Rome
                       .
                       Vitalian
                    
                     is
                     treacherously
                     murder'd
                     ,
                     and
                     you
                     are
                     all
                     acquainted
                     with
                     the
                     Levity
                     and
                     Inconstancy
                     of
                     the
                     Roman
                     People
                     ,
                     and
                     know
                     very
                     well
                     how
                     much
                     their
                     Words
                     are
                     more
                     formidable
                     than
                     their
                     Actions
                     .
                     Three
                     or
                     four
                     armed
                     Men
                     would
                     put
                     them
                     all
                     in
                     disorder
                     ;
                     and
                     while
                     every
                     Man
                     shifted
                     for
                     himself
                     ,
                     
                     they
                     would
                     all
                     abandon
                     the
                     Common
                     Cause
                     .
                     As
                     for
                     the
                     Proceedings
                     of
                     the
                     Senate
                     ,
                     't
                     is
                     no
                     wonder
                     that
                     my
                     Temperance
                     hath
                     been
                     distasteful
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     his
                     Luxury
                     is
                     more
                     agreeable
                     to
                     them
                     ,
                     as
                     suiting
                     better
                     with
                     the
                     vicious
                     Humour
                     prevailing
                     amongst
                     them
                     .
                     There
                     is
                     nothing
                     done
                     worthy
                     of
                     a
                     Man
                     or
                     a
                     Prince
                     ,
                     but
                     they
                     brand
                     it
                     with
                     the
                     black
                     Epithets
                     of
                     Cruel
                     and
                     Tyrannical
                     ;
                     and
                     ,
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     Hand
                     ,
                     the
                     most
                     scandalous
                     Immoralities
                     are
                     cry'd
                     up
                     under
                     the
                     popular
                     Names
                     of
                     Gentleness
                     and
                     Clemency
                     .
                     And
                     this
                     is
                     the
                     Reason
                     that
                     they
                     dislike
                     the
                     present
                     Government
                     ,
                     't
                     is
                     too
                     regular
                     and
                     uniform
                     for
                     them
                     ;
                     and
                     't
                     is
                     on
                     the
                     same
                     score
                     that
                     they
                     extol
                     Gordian
                     ,
                     to
                     whose
                     Infamy
                     ,
                     I
                     suppose
                     ,
                     none
                     of
                     you
                     are
                     Strangers
                     .
                     These
                     are
                     the
                     Men
                     with
                     whom
                     we
                     are
                     to
                     wage
                     War
                     ,
                     if
                     it
                     may
                     deserve
                     that
                     Name
                     ;
                     tho'
                     truly
                     I
                     and
                     most
                     Men
                     are
                     of
                     Opinion
                     ,
                     that
                     as
                     soon
                     as
                     we
                     set
                     Foot
                     in
                     Italy
                     ,
                     they
                     will
                     all
                     cast
                     themselves
                     at
                     our
                     Feet
                     with
                     their
                     Children
                     ,
                     and
                     with
                     Olive-branches
                     in
                     their
                     Hands
                     ,
                     entreat
                     for
                     Mercy
                     ;
                     except
                     such
                     whose
                     Fears
                     won't
                     suffer
                     them
                     to
                     do
                     even
                     that
                     .
                     Their
                     Estates
                     will
                     fall
                     into
                     my
                     Hands
                     ,
                     and
                     I
                     shall
                     take
                     care
                     to
                     distribute
                     
                     them
                     amongst
                     those
                     whose
                     Services
                     shall
                     best
                     deserve
                     them
                     .
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             After
             he
             had
             deliver'd
             himself
             to
             this
             effect
             ,
             and
             had
             by
             the
             way
             thrown
             many
             Reproaches
             upon
             the
             Senate
             and
             People
             of
             Rome
             ,
             menacing
             with
             his
             Hands
             and
             Countenance
             ,
             which
             was
             as
             full
             of
             Indignation
             as
             if
             the
             Persons
             that
             had
             thus
             inflam'd
             him
             had
             been
             present
             ,
             he
             proclaim'd
             his
             Expedition
             for
             Italy
             ,
             and
             distributed
             great
             Sums
             of
             Money
             among
             the
             Soldiers
             .
             The
             second
             Day
             after
             he
             began
             his
             March
             ,
             with
             a
             numerous
             Army
             ,
             and
             the
             whole
             Military
             Force
             of
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             .
             There
             follow'd
             him
             also
             several
             German
             Regiments
             ,
             consisting
             of
             such
             as
             he
             had
             either
             subdu'd
             by
             Force
             ,
             or
             prevail'd
             upon
             by
             Perswasion
             to
             embrace
             his
             Friendship
             and
             Alliance
             .
             He
             carried
             with
             him
             also
             all
             the
             Engines
             of
             War
             which
             he
             intended
             to
             make
             use
             of
             against
             the
             Germans
             .
             He
             march'd
             the
             more
             slowly
             ,
             because
             he
             was
             oblig'd
             to
             take
             up
             Carriages
             and
             other
             Necessaries
             by
             the
             way
             :
             
             For
             the
             Expedition
             being
             sudden
             ,
             due
             Care
             had
             not
             been
             taken
             in
             providing
             Things
             for
             the
             Use
             and
             Necessities
             of
             the
             Soldiers
             ;
             the
             Preparations
             ,
             such
             as
             they
             were
             ,
             being
             made
             in
             haste
             and
             confusion
             .
             So
             he
             judg'd
             it
             advisable
             to
             send
             out
             a
             strong
             Detachment
             to
             surprize
             Italy
             ,
             before
             the
             Gross
             of
             his
             Army
             should
             arrive
             .
             For
             this
             important
             Piece
             of
             Service
             he
             pitch'd
             upon
             the
             Pannonian
             Cohorts
             ,
             being
             those
             in
             which
             he
             most
             confided
             ,
             because
             they
             were
             the
             first
             that
             proclaim'd
             him
             Emperor
             ,
             and
             had
             on
             all
             Occasions
             declar'd
             their
             Forwardness
             to
             venture
             all
             they
             had
             in
             his
             Service
             .
          
           
             While
             Maximine
             was
             upon
             his
             March
             ,
             the
             Designs
             of
             the
             Carthaginian
             Faction
             went
             not
             on
             so
             prosperously
             as
             was
             expected
             .
             Capellian
             ,
             a
             Noble
             Senator
             ,
             was
             at
             this
             time
             Governour
             of
             Mauritania
             ,
             which
             by
             the
             Romans
             is
             call'd
             Numidia
             ,
             and
             had
             considerable
             Forces
             under
             his
             Command
             ,
             which
             are
             maintain'd
             for
             the
             defence
             of
             the
             Province
             against
             the
             Insults
             of
             Barbarous
             Enemies
             .
          
           
           
             There
             was
             ,
             and
             had
             been
             for
             divers
             Years
             ,
             a
             Misunderstanding
             between
             Gordian
             and
             this
             Capellian
             ,
             occasion'd
             at
             first
             by
             a
             Suit
             in
             Law
             :
             So
             when
             Gordian
             was
             declar'd
             Emperor
             ,
             he
             nominated
             a
             Person
             to
             succeed
             him
             ,
             and
             commanded
             him
             to
             depart
             out
             of
             the
             Province
             .
             Netled
             with
             this
             Indignity
             ,
             and
             being
             besides
             a
             great
             Stickler
             for
             Maximine
             ,
             (
             for
             't
             was
             he
             that
             rais'd
             him
             to
             this
             Dignity
             )
             he
             call'd
             his
             Soldiers
             together
             ,
             and
             exhorted
             them
             to
             preserve
             inviolate
             their
             Faith
             and
             Allegiance
             to
             Maximine
             ,
             and
             march'd
             directly
             to
             Carthage
             with
             a
             gallant
             Army
             ,
             compos'd
             of
             brave
             Men
             ,
             in
             the
             flower
             of
             their
             Age
             ,
             well
             appointed
             and
             disciplin'd
             ,
             and
             by
             reason
             of
             their
             frequent
             Rencounters
             with
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             forward
             enough
             to
             give
             the
             Enemy
             Battel
             .
          
           
             As
             soon
             as
             Gordian
             was
             advertis'd
             of
             the
             Approach
             of
             this
             Army
             ,
             he
             was
             in
             great
             Consternation
             .
             The
             Carthaginians
             were
             also
             alarm'd
             ,
             and
             relying
             more
             on
             the
             Number
             ,
             than
             the
             Order
             and
             Disposition
             of
             their
             Forces
             ,
             march'd
             all
             out
             to
             meet
             Capellian
             .
          
           
           
             Some
             say
             ,
             that
             Gordian
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             he
             arriv'd
             at
             Carthage
             ,
             considering
             the
             great
             Strength
             of
             Maximine
             ,
             and
             that
             there
             was
             no
             Force
             in
             Africk
             able
             to
             oppose
             him
             ,
             strangled
             himself
             ;
             but
             the
             Citizens
             concealing
             his
             Death
             ,
             made
             choice
             of
             his
             Son
             to
             head
             them
             ,
             and
             coming
             to
             an
             Engagement
             ,
             the
             Carthaginians
             were
             superior
             to
             the
             Enemy
             in
             Number
             ,
             but
             without
             Order
             ,
             and
             undisciplin'd
             .
             They
             had
             liv'd
             a
             long
             time
             in
             an
             uninterrupted
             Tranquillity
             ,
             and
             were
             enervated
             by
             Ease
             and
             Pleasure
             ,
             to
             which
             they
             had
             resign'd
             themselves
             .
             Besides
             ,
             they
             were
             unprovided
             of
             Arms
             ,
             and
             all
             sort
             of
             Ammunition
             ;
             only
             each
             Man
             brought
             with
             him
             from
             home
             an
             Ax
             ,
             or
             a
             Dagger
             ,
             or
             a
             Hunting
             Lance
             ,
             or
             a
             Stake
             burnt
             and
             sharpned
             at
             the
             end
             ,
             for
             the
             Defence
             of
             his
             Body
             .
             On
             the
             other
             Hand
             ,
             the
             Numidians
             were
             expert
             Archers
             ,
             and
             excellent
             Horsemen
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             they
             ride
             without
             Bridles
             ,
             with
             a
             Switch
             only
             in
             their
             Hand
             ,
             with
             which
             they
             could
             manage
             and
             command
             their
             Horses
             as
             they
             thought
             fit
             :
             So
             they
             easily
             
             put
             the
             Carthaginians
             to
             flight
             ,
             who
             did
             not
             expect
             till
             the
             Charge
             was
             given
             ,
             but
             flung
             away
             their
             Arms
             ,
             and
             fled
             with
             such
             precipitation
             ,
             that
             more
             of
             their
             Men
             were
             kill'd
             by
             their
             own
             Party
             ,
             that
             trampled
             upon
             and
             ran
             over
             them
             in
             the
             Disorder
             of
             the
             Flight
             ,
             than
             by
             the
             Sword
             of
             their
             Enemies
             .
          
           
             
             Gordian's
             Son
             was
             kill'd
             in
             this
             Action
             ,
             with
             all
             those
             that
             were
             near
             his
             Person
             ;
             and
             so
             great
             was
             the
             Number
             of
             the
             Slain
             ,
             that
             several
             Persons
             of
             Note
             ,
             and
             amongst
             the
             rest
             
             Gordian's
             Son
             ,
             could
             not
             be
             found
             to
             receive
             Funeral
             Honours
             .
             Of
             those
             that
             fled
             ,
             such
             only
             escaped
             as
             got
             into
             Carthage
             ,
             and
             put
             themselves
             into
             a
             Concealment
             in
             that
             large
             and
             populous
             City
             ;
             but
             their
             Number
             was
             but
             small
             .
             As
             for
             the
             rest
             ,
             while
             every
             Man
             press'd
             forward
             ,
             and
             endeavour'd
             to
             enter
             the
             Town
             ,
             they
             stopp'd
             and
             hinder'd
             one
             another
             ,
             and
             were
             all
             cut
             in
             Pieces
             by
             the
             Soldiers
             that
             pursu'd
             them
             ,
             before
             the
             Faces
             of
             their
             Wives
             and
             Children
             ,
             who
             express'd
             all
             the
             Degrees
             of
             Grief
             
             that
             such
             a
             Tragedy
             might
             justly
             occasion
             .
          
           
             Others
             report
             ,
             that
             as
             soon
             as
             Gordian
             ,
             who
             by
             reason
             of
             his
             Age
             staid
             at
             home
             ,
             receiv'd
             an
             Account
             of
             the
             unfortunate
             Issue
             of
             this
             Engagement
             ,
             and
             that
             Capellian
             had
             enter'd
             Carthage
             ,
             considering
             his
             Condition
             as
             desperate
             ,
             he
             withdrew
             into
             his
             Bed-chamber
             alone
             ,
             as
             if
             he
             would
             lie
             down
             upon
             his
             Couch
             ,
             and
             there
             strangled
             himself
             in
             his
             Girdle
             .
          
           
             This
             was
             the
             End
             of
             Gordian
             ,
             who
             after
             a
             long
             Course
             of
             prosperous
             Fortune
             ,
             dy'd
             in
             an
             imaginary
             Empire
             .
          
           
             Capellian
             ,
             immediately
             after
             his
             Entrance
             into
             the
             City
             ,
             put
             to
             death
             all
             the
             Men
             of
             principal
             Consideration
             that
             surviv'd
             the
             Battel
             ,
             and
             seiz'd
             into
             his
             Hands
             all
             the
             Treasure
             both
             Publick
             and
             Private
             ,
             not
             sparing
             even
             the
             Temples
             .
             He
             dealt
             also
             in
             the
             like
             manner
             with
             the
             other
             Cities
             that
             had
             demolish'd
             
             Maximine's
             Statues
             ,
             putting
             to
             death
             the
             leading
             Men
             ,
             and
             banishing
             the
             rest
             ,
             giving
             up
             all
             the
             Country
             to
             the
             Plunder
             and
             Ravage
             of
             his
             Soldiers
             .
             This
             
             he
             did
             under
             pretext
             of
             punishing
             them
             for
             their
             Defection
             from
             Maximine
             ;
             tho'
             in
             truth
             his
             Design
             was
             to
             ingratiate
             with
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             that
             if
             any
             thing
             should
             happen
             to
             Maximine
             ,
             he
             might
             have
             at
             his
             beck
             a
             Force
             sufficient
             to
             establish
             him
             upon
             his
             Throne
             .
             This
             was
             the
             State
             of
             Affairs
             in
             Africk
             .
          
           
             Upon
             the
             News
             of
             
             Gordian's
             Death
             ,
             the
             Senate
             and
             People
             of
             Rome
             were
             in
             great
             Consternation
             .
             He
             was
             the
             Man
             they
             chiefly
             relied
             upon
             ;
             and
             they
             knew
             very
             well
             that
             Maximine
             would
             never
             forgive
             them
             .
             He
             always
             hated
             them
             in
             his
             Heart
             ,
             and
             now
             he
             had
             just
             Reason
             to
             proceed
             against
             them
             as
             his
             profess'd
             Enemies
             .
             So
             a
             Consult
             was
             resolv'd
             upon
             ,
             wherein
             they
             were
             to
             debate
             about
             the
             Measures
             to
             be
             taken
             in
             this
             hazardous
             Conjuncture
             .
             The
             Result
             was
             ,
             
               That
               there
               should
               be
               a
               general
               Insurrection
               ;
               that
               two
               Emperors
               should
               be
               chosen
               ,
               in
               whose
               Hands
               the
               Supreme
               Power
               should
               be
               lodg'd
               ,
               that
               their
               Constitution
               might
               not
               a
               second
               time
               be
               endanger'd
               by
               Tyranny
               .
            
             The
             Assembly
             was
             not
             held
             in
             the
             Senate-House
             ,
             
             but
             in
             the
             Temple
             of
             
               Jupiter
               Capitolinus
            
             ,
             to
             which
             the
             Romans
             pay
             singular
             Veneration
             ,
             as
             if
             nothing
             was
             to
             be
             done
             but
             in
             the
             Presence
             and
             with
             the
             Approbation
             and
             Concurrence
             of
             the
             God.
             Then
             some
             of
             the
             eldest
             and
             most
             Noble
             of
             the
             Senators
             were
             made
             choice
             of
             to
             be
             propos'd
             to
             the
             Assembly
             ;
             after
             which
             they
             proceeded
             to
             vote
             ,
             and
             the
             Majority
             being
             found
             for
             Maximus
             and
             Balbinus
             ,
             they
             were
             declar'd
             Emperors
             .
          
           
             Maximus
             had
             commanded
             several
             Armies
             ,
             had
             been
             Praefect
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             acquitted
             himself
             very
             honourably
             in
             that
             Trust
             ;
             by
             which
             means
             he
             establish'd
             the
             Character
             of
             a
             Good
             Man
             and
             a
             Prudent
             Governor
             .
             Albinus
             was
             of
             a
             Noble
             Family
             ,
             and
             had
             been
             twice
             Consul
             .
             He
             had
             govern'd
             divers
             Provinces
             without
             Blame
             or
             Censure
             ,
             and
             in
             his
             Conversation
             was
             an
             open
             plain-dealing
             Man.
             After
             their
             Election
             ,
             they
             were
             proclaim'd
             ,
             and
             invested
             in
             the
             Imperial
             Dignity
             by
             Decree
             of
             the
             Senate
             .
          
           
           
             While
             these
             Things
             were
             transacting
             in
             the
             Capitol
             ,
             the
             People
             came
             to
             understand
             what
             was
             in
             agitation
             ,
             either
             by
             some
             Rumours
             that
             were
             spread
             abroad
             ,
             or
             by
             some
             Intimation
             which
             they
             receiv'd
             from
             
             Gordian's
             Party
             .
             So
             they
             went
             up
             in
             a
             tumultuary
             manner
             with
             Stones
             and
             Clubs
             to
             the
             Gates
             ,
             and
             possess'd
             all
             the
             Avenues
             to
             the
             Capitol
             with
             a
             numerous
             Mob
             ,
             and
             endeavour'd
             to
             oppose
             the
             Proceedings
             of
             the
             Senate
             .
             They
             excepted
             chiefly
             against
             Maximus
             ,
             as
             being
             too
             severe
             and
             rigid
             for
             them
             .
             He
             had
             been
             very
             active
             in
             executing
             the
             Laws
             upon
             bad
             Men
             ,
             so
             they
             were
             apprehensive
             of
             his
             Government
             ,
             and
             declar'd
             their
             Dislike
             of
             him
             aloud
             ,
             with
             their
             Clamours
             mixing
             Menaces
             to
             kill
             them
             both
             as
             soon
             as
             they
             came
             out
             .
             They
             demanded
             a
             Prince
             of
             the
             Race
             of
             Gordian
             ,
             that
             the
             Empire
             might
             remain
             in
             that
             Name
             and
             Line
             .
             Maximus
             and
             Balbinus
             ,
             with
             a
             Guard
             compos'd
             of
             the
             City-Troops
             ,
             and
             some
             Gentlemen
             of
             Rome
             ,
             attempted
             to
             force
             their
             Way
             out
             of
             the
             Capitol
             ,
             
             but
             were
             beat
             back
             with
             Stones
             and
             Clubs
             ,
             till
             at
             last
             somebody
             found
             a
             Way
             to
             impose
             upon
             the
             People
             .
          
           
             There
             was
             a
             young
             Lad
             ,
             Son
             to
             
             Gordian's
             Daughter
             ,
             who
             was
             call'd
             after
             his
             Grandfather
             :
             Him
             they
             order'd
             to
             be
             brought
             to
             them
             ,
             and
             sent
             certain
             Persons
             to
             fetch
             him
             ,
             who
             found
             him
             at
             home
             ,
             and
             at
             play
             ;
             and
             setting
             him
             upon
             their
             Shoulders
             ,
             carried
             him
             through
             the
             middle
             of
             the
             Mob
             ,
             shewing
             him
             to
             the
             People
             as
             they
             went
             along
             ,
             and
             crying
             aloud
             ,
             Behold
             Gordian
             
               's
               Grandson
            
             !
             and
             calling
             him
             often
             by
             his
             Name
             .
             The
             People
             all
             the
             time
             express'd
             their
             Affections
             to
             him
             in
             Shouts
             of
             Joy
             ,
             and
             as
             a
             farther
             Token
             thereof
             ,
             scatter'd
             Flowers
             upon
             him
             as
             he
             pass'd
             through
             them
             .
             The
             Senate
             declar'd
             him
             Caesar
             ,
             in
             regard
             the
             Tenderness
             of
             his
             Age
             made
             him
             unfit
             to
             have
             the
             Regency
             in
             his
             Hands
             ;
             and
             the
             Mob
             being
             appeas'd
             ,
             the
             Emperors
             Elect
             were
             suffer'd
             to
             go
             quietly
             to
             their
             Palace
             .
          
           
           
             About
             this
             time
             an
             Accident
             hapned
             of
             very
             fatal
             Consequence
             to
             the
             City
             of
             Rome
             ,
             occasion'd
             by
             the
             Rashness
             of
             two
             Senators
             .
             The
             Senate
             met
             to
             consider
             of
             the
             State
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             and
             some
             of
             
             Maximine's
             Soldiers
             ,
             that
             by
             reason
             of
             their
             Age
             were
             excus'd
             from
             any
             further
             Service
             in
             the
             Wars
             ,
             and
             were
             left
             in
             the
             Camp
             ,
             being
             desirous
             to
             inform
             themselves
             of
             the
             Matters
             then
             under
             Debate
             ,
             came
             without
             their
             Arms
             to
             the
             Door
             of
             the
             Senate
             ,
             and
             mixing
             with
             the
             other
             Crowd
             ,
             staid
             there
             to
             listen
             ;
             and
             two
             or
             three
             at
             the
             most
             ,
             that
             were
             more
             curious
             than
             the
             rest
             ,
             press'd
             in
             ,
             till
             they
             were
             got
             beyond
             the
             Altar
             of
             Victory
             :
             Whereupon
             Gallicanus
             ,
             a
             Carthaginian
             ,
             who
             had
             lately
             been
             Consul
             ,
             and
             was
             then
             Senator
             of
             Rome
             ,
             together
             with
             Moecenas
             ,
             who
             had
             been
             Praetor
             ,
             making
             up
             to
             them
             ,
             stabb'd
             them
             to
             the
             Heart
             with
             Ponyards
             which
             they
             carried
             privately
             about
             them
             ,
             before
             they
             could
             pluck
             their
             Hands
             from
             under
             their
             Cloaks
             ;
             so
             sudden
             was
             the
             Assault
             ,
             and
             so
             little
             were
             they
             aware
             
             of
             it
             .
             For
             about
             that
             time
             all
             the
             Senators
             wore
             Swords
             ,
             and
             had
             worn
             them
             ever
             since
             the
             late
             Tumult
             ,
             either
             publickly
             or
             privately
             ,
             for
             the
             Defence
             of
             themselves
             against
             any
             Attempt
             which
             might
             be
             made
             upon
             them
             by
             their
             Enemies
             .
             The
             Soldiers
             that
             were
             stabb'd
             fell
             down
             dead
             before
             the
             Altar
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             were
             so
             terrified
             with
             the
             Misfortune
             that
             befel
             their
             Friends
             ,
             and
             so
             apprehensive
             of
             the
             Rage
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             especially
             at
             a
             time
             when
             they
             were
             without
             their
             Arms
             ,
             that
             they
             betook
             themselves
             instantly
             to
             their
             Heels
             .
          
           
             Gallicanus
             rush'd
             out
             of
             the
             Senate
             into
             the
             middle
             of
             the
             Crowd
             ,
             and
             held
             up
             his
             Hand
             and
             Sword
             all
             cover'd
             with
             Blood
             ,
             so
             as
             all
             the
             People
             might
             see
             it
             ,
             and
             then
             exhorted
             them
             
               to
               pursue
               and
               put
               to
               the
               Sword
               all
            
             Maximine
             '
             
               s
               Creatures
               and
               Adherents
               ,
               as
               Enemies
               and
               Traytors
               to
               the
               Senate
               and
               Common-wealth
               .
            
             The
             Mob
             was
             easily
             inflam'd
             ,
             and
             applauding
             Gallicanus
             ,
             pursu'd
             the
             Soldiers
             as
             far
             as
             they
             could
             ,
             with
             great
             eagerness
             ,
             pelting
             them
             all
             the
             way
             with
             Stones
             :
             But
             
             they
             were
             too
             nimble
             ,
             and
             got
             into
             the
             Camp
             before
             them
             ,
             and
             shutting
             the
             Gates
             ,
             resolv'd
             to
             defend
             themselves
             as
             well
             as
             they
             could
             ;
             for
             they
             were
             but
             few
             in
             Number
             ,
             and
             the
             most
             of
             those
             too
             wounded
             .
          
           
             Gallicanus
             ,
             after
             this
             unparallell'd
             Boldness
             ,
             was
             very
             industrious
             to
             embroil
             the
             Empire
             in
             a
             Civil
             War
             ,
             which
             prov'd
             very
             mischievous
             to
             the
             Publick
             Weal
             :
             For
             he
             commanded
             the
             Publick
             Armories
             to
             be
             broke
             open
             ,
             and
             order'd
             every
             Man
             to
             take
             out
             Arms
             for
             himself
             ,
             tho'
             they
             were
             altogether
             unfit
             for
             Service
             ,
             and
             intended
             only
             for
             Shew
             .
             The
             Fencing
             Schools
             were
             likewise
             open'd
             ,
             and
             the
             Gladiators
             order'd
             to
             march
             out
             in
             their
             proper
             Armour
             .
             Nor
             was
             there
             any
             Sword
             ,
             Spear
             ,
             Ax
             ,
             &c.
             in
             any
             Shop
             or
             Private
             House
             ,
             but
             was
             seiz'd
             upon
             ,
             and
             carried
             away
             by
             Force
             :
             And
             so
             high
             ran
             the
             Popular
             Fury
             at
             this
             time
             ,
             that
             every
             Thing
             they
             laid
             Hand
             upon
             ,
             if
             it
             was
             possible
             ,
             was
             presently
             converted
             into
             some
             sort
             of
             Weapon
             .
             After
             they
             were
             arm'd
             ,
             they
             march'd
             in
             a
             Body
             to
             
             the
             Camp
             ,
             and
             invested
             it
             ,
             as
             if
             it
             had
             been
             a
             Town
             which
             they
             purpos'd
             to
             besiege
             ;
             but
             the
             Defendants
             were
             old
             experienc'd
             Soldiers
             ,
             and
             made
             such
             use
             of
             their
             Targets
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             Shelter
             which
             their
             Ramparts
             afforded
             them
             ,
             that
             the
             Assailants
             could
             not
             annoy
             them
             ;
             but
             ,
             on
             the
             contrary
             ,
             they
             gall'd
             them
             with
             their
             Arrows
             ,
             and
             push'd
             them
             from
             the
             Walls
             with
             long
             Pikes
             ,
             which
             they
             repeated
             as
             often
             as
             the
             Enemy
             had
             Courage
             to
             renew
             their
             Attacks
             ,
             till
             at
             last
             the
             People
             grew
             weary
             ,
             and
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             the
             Gladiators
             being
             wounded
             ,
             and
             the
             Night
             coming
             on
             ,
             all
             were
             willing
             to
             return
             into
             the
             City
             :
             Which
             the
             Soldiers
             in
             the
             Camp
             perceiving
             ,
             and
             observing
             how
             disorderly
             and
             unguarded
             their
             Retreat
             was
             ,
             (
             for
             they
             did
             not
             imagine
             that
             so
             small
             a
             Number
             of
             Men
             durst
             sally
             out
             upon
             so
             great
             a
             Multitude
             )
             they
             pour'd
             out
             their
             whole
             Force
             upon
             them
             ,
             and
             cut
             off
             the
             Gladiators
             entirely
             ,
             with
             great
             Numbers
             of
             the
             Common
             People
             ,
             which
             perish'd
             in
             the
             Hurry
             of
             this
             Action
             .
             
             After
             this
             Success
             the
             Soldiers
             did
             not
             think
             fit
             to
             pursue
             their
             Blow
             ,
             but
             retir'd
             to
             their
             Camp
             ,
             and
             kept
             themselves
             within
             their
             Walls
             .
          
           
             This
             Defeat
             serv'd
             only
             to
             exasperate
             the
             Senate
             and
             People
             of
             Rome
             :
             So
             their
             Captains
             proceeded
             to
             the
             making
             their
             Levies
             ,
             and
             a
             general
             Rendezvous
             was
             appointed
             ,
             where
             all
             the
             Youth
             of
             Italy
             met
             ,
             and
             were
             arm'd
             as
             well
             as
             the
             suddenness
             of
             the
             Occasion
             would
             permit
             .
             The
             greatest
             part
             of
             them
             were
             led
             by
             Maximus
             against
             Maximine
             :
             The
             rest
             were
             left
             at
             home
             for
             the
             Defence
             of
             the
             City
             .
          
           
             In
             this
             Interval
             Assaults
             were
             every
             Day
             made
             upon
             the
             Camp
             ,
             but
             without
             Success
             ;
             the
             Place
             was
             still
             defended
             ,
             and
             the
             Assailants
             always
             shamefully
             repuls'd
             by
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             who
             gave
             them
             very
             warm
             Reception
             from
             the
             Walls
             .
          
           
             'T
             was
             too
             about
             this
             time
             that
             Balbinus
             ,
             who
             staid
             in
             the
             City
             ,
             put
             out
             an
             Edict
             ,
             wherein
             he
             exhorted
             the
             People
             to
             an
             Accommodation
             with
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             
             and
             promis'd
             the
             Soldiers
             an
             Oblivion
             of
             all
             that
             was
             past
             ;
             but
             both
             Parties
             were
             inflexible
             ,
             the
             People
             being
             ready
             to
             burst
             with
             Indignation
             ,
             that
             such
             a
             Multitude
             should
             be
             thus
             out-brav'd
             by
             a
             Handful
             of
             Men
             ;
             and
             ,
             on
             the
             other
             Hand
             ,
             the
             Soldiers
             resenting
             as
             heinously
             the
             Treatment
             which
             they
             receiv'd
             from
             the
             People
             ,
             being
             more
             inhumane
             than
             they
             could
             expect
             even
             at
             the
             Hands
             of
             Barbarous
             Enemies
             .
          
           
             In
             conclusion
             ,
             after
             many
             fruitless
             Attacks
             made
             upon
             the
             Walls
             of
             the
             Camp
             ,
             it
             was
             resolv'd
             in
             a
             Council
             of
             War
             ,
             that
             all
             Supplies
             of
             Water
             should
             be
             cut
             off
             from
             the
             Camp
             ,
             by
             which
             Means
             the
             Soldiers
             would
             be
             reduc'd
             to
             such
             Extremities
             for
             want
             thereof
             ,
             as
             would
             oblige
             them
             to
             surrender
             .
             In
             order
             hereunto
             ,
             all
             the
             Rivers
             that
             supply'd
             the
             Camp
             were
             choak'd
             up
             ,
             and
             their
             Water
             drawn
             into
             new
             Channels
             :
             But
             the
             Soldiers
             apprehending
             what
             Danger
             they
             were
             in
             ,
             and
             growing
             thereupon
             desperate
             ,
             open'd
             their
             Gates
             ,
             and
             sally'd
             out
             in
             a
             Body
             ,
             and
             after
             a
             sharp
             
             Dispute
             ,
             put
             the
             Multitude
             to
             flight
             ,
             and
             pursu'd
             them
             into
             the
             City
             .
          
           
             The
             People
             now
             perceiv'd
             they
             were
             much
             inferior
             to
             the
             Soldiers
             in
             a
             Pitch'd
             Battle
             ;
             so
             they
             fled
             into
             their
             Houses
             ,
             and
             threw
             down
             upon
             them
             Stones
             and
             Tiles
             ;
             the
             Soldiers
             not
             daring
             to
             follow
             them
             ,
             because
             they
             were
             unacquainted
             with
             the
             Houses
             .
             The
             Shops
             too
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             the
             Houses
             ,
             were
             shut
             upon
             them
             ;
             so
             they
             set
             Fire
             to
             the
             Doors
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             wooden
             Porches
             ,
             whereof
             there
             are
             great
             numbers
             in
             this
             City
             ,
             and
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             Closeness
             of
             the
             Streets
             ,
             and
             the
             great
             Quantity
             of
             Timber
             in
             the
             Buildings
             ,
             easily
             laid
             the
             best
             part
             of
             the
             City
             in
             Ashes
             .
          
           
             A
             great
             many
             rich
             Men
             lost
             in
             this
             Fire
             all
             their
             Precious
             Movables
             ,
             and
             indeed
             their
             whole
             Estates
             ,
             and
             were
             reduc'd
             to
             Beggary
             .
             Great
             numbers
             of
             Men
             too
             perish'd
             in
             the
             Fire
             ,
             their
             Houses
             being
             in
             a
             Flame
             about
             their
             Ears
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             Ways
             to
             escape
             possess'd
             by
             the
             merciless
             Element
             .
             There
             was
             scarce
             any
             rich
             Man's
             House
             that
             was
             not
             miserably
             
             pillag'd
             during
             this
             Publick
             Confusion
             ;
             for
             all
             the
             poor
             Scoundrels
             ,
             and
             profligate
             Wretches
             about
             Town
             ,
             fell
             in
             with
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             in
             hopes
             to
             make
             their
             Fortune
             by
             the
             Plunder
             :
             And
             ,
             in
             short
             ,
             there
             were
             as
             many
             Houses
             consum'd
             by
             this
             Fire
             ,
             as
             would
             make
             a
             very
             large
             City
             .
          
           
             While
             these
             Things
             were
             doing
             in
             
               Rome
               ,
               Maximine
            
             arriv'd
             in
             Italy
             ,
             and
             having
             sacrific'd
             upon
             the
             Frontiers
             ,
             proceeded
             upon
             his
             Journey
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             order'd
             his
             Men
             to
             keep
             their
             Ranks
             ,
             and
             march
             in
             their
             Arms.
             Thus
             we
             have
             given
             a
             summary
             Relation
             of
             the
             African
             Rebellion
             ,
             of
             the
             Civil
             War
             in
             Rome
             ,
             and
             of
             
             Maximine's
             Atchievements
             and
             Expeditions
             .
             The
             rest
             we
             reserve
             for
             the
             following
             Book
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           
           
             AN
             EPITOME
             OF
             THE
             Eighth
             Book
             .
          
           
             MAximine
             having
             pass'd
             the
             Alps
             ,
             sits
             down
             before
             Aquileia
             ;
             but
             before
             he
             can
             make
             himself
             Master
             of
             the
             Town
             ,
             is
             kill'd
             by
             his
             own
             Soldiers
             ,
             together
             with
             his
             Son.
             Their
             Heads
             are
             sent
             to
             
               Rome
               .
               Maximus
            
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             Emperors
             ,
             disbands
             
             Maximine's
             Army
             at
             Aquileia
             ,
             and
             returns
             to
             Rome
             with
             his
             own
             Forces
             .
             He
             and
             Balbinus
             administer
             the
             Empire
             till
             they
             are
             both
             slain
             by
             the
             Praetorian
             Soldiers
             .
             After
             their
             Death
             ,
             
               Gordian
               Caesar
            
             is
             made
             Emperor
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Eighth
             Book
             .
          
           
             AN
             Account
             of
             what
             Maximine
             did
             after
             the
             Death
             of
             Gordian
             ,
             together
             with
             his
             Expedition
             into
             Italy
             ,
             and
             the
             Revolt
             of
             Africk
             ,
             as
             likewise
             a
             Relation
             of
             the
             Heats
             and
             Animosities
             that
             hapned
             between
             the
             Soldiers
             and
             People
             in
             Rome
             ,
             is
             deliver'd
             in
             the
             former
             Book
             .
          
           
             Maximine
             was
             now
             with
             his
             Army
             on
             the
             Frontiers
             of
             Italy
             ,
             and
             sent
             out
             his
             Scouts
             before
             him
             ,
             for
             fear
             of
             an
             Ambuscade
             ,
             which
             might
             be
             lodg'd
             in
             the
             thick
             Woods
             on
             the
             Alps
             ,
             or
             in
             the
             vast
             Inequalities
             of
             those
             Mountains
             .
             Then
             he
             led
             his
             Army
             into
             the
             Plain
             ,
             and
             drew
             up
             his
             Legions
             into
             a
             Square
             Body
             ,
             not
             regarding
             in
             what
             Depth
             they
             were
             rang'd
             ,
             but
             taking
             care
             to
             extend
             his
             Front
             ,
             that
             they
             might
             take
             up
             the
             more
             Ground
             .
             All
             the
             Baggage
             ,
             Beasts
             ,
             and
             Carriages
             were
             taken
             into
             the
             middle
             ;
             then
             follow'd
             Maximine
             
             with
             his
             Guards
             to
             cover
             the
             Rear
             .
             The
             Wings
             consisted
             of
             Horsemen
             in
             compleat
             Armour
             ,
             with
             whom
             were
             ranged
             the
             Eastern
             Archers
             ,
             and
             the
             Moorish
             Darters
             .
             There
             were
             also
             divers
             Auxiliary
             Regiments
             of
             German
             Horse
             ,
             which
             Maximine
             always
             oppos'd
             to
             the
             first
             Shocks
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             very
             hot
             ,
             and
             discharge
             their
             whole
             Fury
             in
             the
             Beginning
             of
             an
             Engagement
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Danger
             ,
             if
             any
             were
             ,
             might
             fall
             upon
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             who
             might
             the
             best
             be
             spar'd
             .
             Thus
             rang'd
             ,
             he
             march'd
             over
             all
             that
             Champagne
             Country
             ,
             till
             he
             came
             to
             the
             first
             City
             of
             Italy
             ,
             which
             is
             call'd
             by
             the
             Natives
             Ema
             ;
             't
             is
             situated
             at
             the
             Roots
             of
             the
             Alps
             ,
             on
             the
             utmost
             Point
             of
             the
             Level
             .
             Here
             the
             Scouts
             return'd
             to
             Maximine
             with
             Intelligence
             that
             the
             Town
             was
             abandon'd
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Inhabitants
             were
             fled
             ,
             after
             they
             had
             burnt
             all
             the
             Doors
             of
             the
             Houses
             and
             Temples
             ,
             and
             carry'd
             away
             or
             destroy'd
             all
             they
             had
             in
             the
             City
             or
             Country
             adjoining
             ,
             and
             left
             neither
             Provision
             nor
             Forage
             for
             Man
             or
             Beast
             .
          
           
           
             Maximine
             was
             glad
             to
             find
             the
             People
             under
             so
             great
             a
             Terror
             ,
             and
             hop'd
             to
             meet
             with
             the
             same
             Dispositions
             in
             the
             rest
             ,
             and
             that
             none
             would
             be
             so
             hardy
             as
             to
             abide
             his
             Coming
             :
             But
             his
             Soldiers
             were
             differently
             affected
             ;
             they
             thought
             it
             very
             hard
             that
             they
             should
             be
             oblig'd
             in
             this
             manner
             to
             conflict
             with
             a
             Famine
             in
             the
             beginning
             of
             an
             Expedition
             .
             Part
             of
             the
             Army
             lay
             that
             Night
             in
             the
             City
             ,
             in
             the
             open
             Houses
             ,
             the
             rest
             took
             up
             their
             Quarters
             in
             the
             Fields
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             Morning
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             the
             Sun
             arose
             ,
             they
             began
             their
             Approaches
             to
             the
             Alps.
             
          
           
             These
             Alps
             are
             a
             Chain
             of
             Hills
             rais'd
             by
             Nature
             to
             be
             a
             Wall
             and
             a
             Bulwark
             to
             Italy
             :
             They
             are
             so
             high
             ,
             that
             they
             seem
             to
             surmount
             the
             very
             Clouds
             ;
             and
             so
             extended
             in
             length
             ,
             that
             they
             run
             across
             the
             whole
             Country
             ,
             stretching
             on
             the
             Left
             Hand
             to
             the
             Tyrrhene
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             Right
             to
             the
             Ionian
             Sea.
             They
             are
             all
             cover'd
             with
             thick
             Woods
             ,
             and
             are
             almost
             impassable
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             narrow
             Paths
             ,
             craggy
             Rocks
             ,
             and
             steep
             
             Precipices
             .
             Some
             Tracks
             indeed
             there
             are
             hewn
             out
             by
             the
             indefatigable
             Labour
             of
             the
             old
             Italians
             .
             Here
             the
             Army
             was
             under
             great
             Apprehensions
             ,
             that
             the
             Tops
             of
             the
             Mountains
             were
             possess'd
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             Ways
             block'd
             up
             by
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             to
             impeach
             their
             Passage
             ;
             and
             not
             without
             just
             Reason
             ,
             as
             will
             appear
             to
             any
             Man
             that
             considers
             the
             Nature
             of
             the
             Place
             :
             But
             after
             they
             had
             pass'd
             the
             Alps
             without
             any
             Difficulty
             ,
             and
             encamp'd
             on
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             they
             soon
             recover'd
             their
             wonted
             Courage
             ,
             and
             began
             to
             triumph
             as
             if
             they
             had
             already
             vanquish'd
             ;
             and
             Maximine
             did
             not
             doubt
             of
             Success
             now
             in
             whatever
             he
             should
             undertake
             ,
             seeing
             the
             Italians
             durst
             not
             use
             the
             Advantages
             which
             the
             Difficulties
             of
             the
             Place
             afforded
             them
             ,
             of
             laying
             Ambuscades
             ,
             and
             annoying
             the
             Enemy
             without
             any
             Hazard
             to
             themselves
             ,
             and
             of
             engaging
             them
             from
             above
             with
             the
             Benefit
             of
             a
             higher
             Ground
             .
          
           
             No
             sooner
             had
             they
             pass'd
             the
             Alps
             ,
             but
             the
             Scouts
             return'd
             with
             Advice
             ,
             
             that
             Aquileia
             ,
             the
             greatest
             City
             of
             Italy
             ,
             had
             shut
             her
             Gates
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Pannonian
             Regiments
             that
             were
             sent
             before
             ,
             had
             made
             several
             vigorous
             Attacks
             upon
             her
             Walls
             ,
             but
             were
             always
             repuls'd
             with
             Stones
             .
             Spears
             ,
             and
             Arrows
             ,
             which
             the
             Besieg'd
             shot
             at
             them
             without
             Intermission
             ;
             and
             that
             now
             being
             sore
             fatigu'd
             and
             harrass'd
             ,
             they
             had
             rais'd
             the
             Siege
             .
             Hereupon
             Maximine
             conceiv'd
             great
             Indignation
             against
             the
             Pannonian
             Soldiers
             ,
             for
             their
             Behaviour
             in
             this
             late
             Action
             ,
             and
             hastned
             with
             his
             whole
             Army
             to
             the
             Siege
             ,
             thinking
             to
             carry
             the
             Place
             without
             any
             Difficulty
             .
          
           
             Aquileia
             is
             a
             City
             populous
             and
             large
             ,
             and
             as
             it
             were
             the
             Mart-Town
             of
             Italy
             ,
             situate
             on
             the
             Sea-coast
             ,
             upon
             the
             Frontiers
             of
             Illyria
             .
             She
             supplies
             all
             the
             Vessels
             that
             sail
             that
             way
             with
             Provisions
             and
             other
             Merchandise
             from
             the
             Continent
             ,
             which
             are
             brought
             down
             thither
             both
             by
             Land
             and
             Water
             ;
             and
             sends
             up
             also
             from
             the
             Sea
             into
             the
             Continent
             such
             Commodities
             as
             will
             not
             grow
             in
             the
             midland
             Country
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             severe
             Winters
             .
          
           
           
             Her
             Staple
             Commodity
             is
             Wine
             ,
             whereof
             the
             Product
             is
             so
             confiderable
             in
             this
             Country
             ,
             that
             all
             the
             neighbouring
             Provinces
             ,
             that
             have
             not
             so
             much
             as
             a
             Vineyard
             amongst
             them
             ,
             are
             supplied
             from
             hence
             :
             For
             which
             Reasons
             not
             only
             the
             Citizens
             are
             very
             numerous
             ,
             but
             the
             Resort
             of
             Strangers
             and
             Merchants
             is
             very
             considerable
             :
             And
             at
             this
             time
             their
             Numbers
             were
             vastly
             encreas'd
             by
             the
             prodigious
             Confluence
             of
             Boors
             and
             Peasants
             ,
             who
             abandon'd
             all
             the
             adjacent
             Villages
             ,
             and
             retir'd
             thither
             ,
             trusting
             to
             the
             Largeness
             of
             the
             Town
             ,
             and
             the
             Strength
             of
             its
             Fortifications
             ,
             which
             in
             truth
             were
             old
             and
             ruinous
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             most
             part
             demolish'd
             :
             For
             the
             Cities
             of
             Italy
             ,
             after
             the
             Establishment
             of
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             ,
             had
             no
             Occasion
             for
             Arms
             or
             Fortifications
             ,
             but
             enjoy'd
             for
             divers
             Years
             an
             uninterrupted
             Tranquillity
             ,
             and
             were
             combin'd
             into
             one
             Body
             Politick
             with
             the
             Capital
             City
             of
             the
             Empire
             :
             But
             in
             this
             Extremity
             of
             Affairs
             they
             fell
             to
             repairing
             the
             Walls
             ,
             rais'd
             new
             Towers
             
             and
             Bastions
             ,
             and
             encompass'd
             the
             City
             with
             a
             Fortification
             ,
             which
             the
             People
             guarded
             Night
             and
             Day
             with
             that
             Skill
             and
             Bravery
             ,
             that
             they
             utterly
             baffled
             all
             the
             Efforts
             of
             the
             Enemy
             .
          
           
             On
             this
             Occasion
             Crispinus
             and
             Menephilus
             ,
             two
             Consular
             Men
             ,
             were
             made
             choice
             of
             by
             the
             Senate
             ,
             and
             had
             the
             Supreme
             Authority
             put
             into
             their
             Hands
             .
             They
             took
             all
             imaginable
             Care
             to
             lay
             in
             Provisions
             for
             a
             long
             Siege
             ;
             and
             as
             for
             Water
             ,
             they
             could
             have
             Plenty
             out
             of
             the
             Pits
             ,
             whereof
             were
             great
             Numbers
             within
             the
             Walls
             ,
             and
             out
             of
             the
             River
             that
             ran
             by
             the
             Town
             ,
             affording
             not
             only
             Supplies
             of
             Water
             ,
             but
             the
             Protection
             of
             a
             Trench
             to
             the
             Besieg'd
             .
             These
             were
             the
             Preparations
             in
             the
             City
             .
          
           
             Maximine
             hearing
             that
             their
             Gates
             were
             shut
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             City
             was
             in
             posture
             of
             Defence
             ,
             thought
             it
             most
             advisable
             to
             send
             Commissioners
             to
             treat
             with
             them
             ,
             and
             try
             whether
             by
             that
             means
             they
             could
             prevail
             upon
             them
             to
             open
             their
             Gates
             ▪
             There
             was
             in
             his
             
             Army
             at
             that
             time
             a
             Tribune
             ,
             a
             Citizen
             of
             Aquileia
             ,
             whose
             Wife
             ,
             Children
             ,
             and
             Family
             were
             amongst
             the
             Besieg'd
             ;
             him
             therefore
             ,
             and
             certain
             Centurions
             ,
             he
             sent
             to
             them
             ,
             supposing
             that
             his
             Advice
             would
             have
             such
             weight
             with
             his
             Fellow-Citizens
             ,
             as
             would
             easily
             induce
             them
             to
             follow
             it
             .
             When
             they
             came
             to
             the
             Wall
             ,
             they
             spoke
             to
             them
             to
             this
             effect
             .
          
           
             GEntlemen
             ,
             Maximine
             our
             Leige
             Lord
             commands
             you
             to
             lay
             down
             your
             Arms
             ,
             and
             to
             receive
             him
             not
             as
             an
             Enemy
             ,
             but
             a
             Friend
             ;
             and
             advises
             you
             rather
             to
             sacrifice
             to
             the
             Gods
             ,
             than
             to
             spill
             the
             Blood
             of
             Men.
             He
             would
             have
             you
             duely
             affected
             with
             the
             Ruine
             and
             Desolation
             of
             your
             Country
             ,
             which
             ,
             if
             you
             be
             obstinate
             ,
             will
             certainly
             ensue
             .
             'T
             is
             in
             your
             own
             Power
             to
             preserve
             at
             once
             both
             your
             Country
             and
             your selves
             .
             So
             gracious
             is
             our
             Prince
             ,
             that
             he
             offers
             you
             Pardon
             and
             Indemnity
             for
             all
             that
             is
             past
             ,
             being
             well
             assur'd
             ,
             that
             what
             you
             have
             hitherto
             done
             ,
             has
             intirely
             proceeded
             from
             the
             Instigation
             and
             Practices
             of
             others
             .
          
           
           
             These
             Words
             were
             pronounc'd
             by
             the
             Commissioners
             under
             the
             Wall
             ,
             in
             a
             loud
             Voice
             ,
             so
             that
             all
             the
             People
             that
             stood
             upon
             the
             Walls
             or
             Ramparts
             ,
             except
             such
             as
             were
             upon
             Duty
             in
             the
             remote
             Parts
             of
             the
             Town
             ,
             heard
             what
             was
             said
             ;
             for
             they
             all
             kept
             silence
             ,
             and
             gave
             attention
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             Crispinus
             began
             to
             be
             afraid
             ,
             and
             not
             without
             just
             Reason
             ,
             considering
             the
             Instability
             of
             the
             Multitude
             ,
             lest
             they
             should
             be
             won
             upon
             by
             fair
             Promises
             to
             make
             a
             Peace
             with
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             and
             to
             open
             their
             Gates
             :
             So
             he
             ran
             to
             and
             fro
             upon
             the
             Walls
             ,
             exhorting
             them
             to
             a
             gallant
             Resistance
             ,
             and
             beseeching
             them
             to
             hold
             it
             out
             to
             the
             last
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             violate
             their
             Faith
             and
             Allegiance
             to
             the
             Senate
             and
             People
             of
             Rome
             .
          
           
             
               He
               re-minded
               them
               also
               of
               the
               Glory
               of
               being
               the
               Deliverers
               and
               Protectors
               of
            
             Italy
             ,
             
               which
               they
               would
               merit
               by
               a
               brave
               Deportment
               in
               this
               Juncture
               ;
               and
               advis'd
               them
               not
               to
               believe
               the
               Professions
               of
               a
               perjur'd
               and
               a
               faithless
               Tyrant
               ,
               who
               was
               then
               actually
               contriving
               
               their
               Destruction
               ,
               and
               made
               use
               of
               fair
               Words
               only
               to
               disguise
               ,
               and
               thereby
               more
               surely
               to
               effect
               his
               hidden
               Purposes
               .
               He
               told
               them
               ,
            
             That
             it
             was
             better
             to
             trust
             to
             the
             Chance
             of
             War
             ;
             that
             a
             Handful
             of
             Soldiers
             had
             often
             baffled
             a
             formidable
             Army
             ;
             and
             that
             a
             mighty
             Host
             had
             been
             often
             vanquish'd
             by
             a
             small
             Band
             of
             Men
             ;
             that
             there
             was
             another
             Reason
             why
             they
             should
             not
             be
             dismaid
             at
             his
             Numbers
             ;
             for
             when
             Soldiers
             fight
             for
             other
             Men
             ,
             to
             whom
             all
             the
             Advantages
             of
             Success
             redound
             ,
             they
             are
             apt
             to
             fight
             but
             lazily
             ,
             and
             as
             Men
             not
             concern'd
             in
             the
             Issue
             of
             the
             Battel
             ;
             for
             they
             know
             very
             well
             ,
             that
             tho'
             they
             are
             admitted
             to
             a
             Share
             in
             the
             Hazards
             and
             Dangers
             that
             must
             be
             encounter'd
             in
             the
             obtaining
             a
             Victory
             ,
             yet
             when
             't
             is
             obtain'd
             ,
             the
             whole
             Benefit
             of
             it
             accrues
             to
             other
             Men
             ;
             whereas
             when
             Men
             fight
             for
             the
             Preservation
             of
             their
             Country
             ,
             besides
             that
             they
             have
             better
             Grounds
             of
             Hope
             than
             the
             others
             ,
             (
             in
             regard
             they
             don't
             invade
             other
             Mens
             Property
             ,
             but
             only
             guard
             their
             own
             )
             they
             go
             on
             too
             with
             more
             Alacrity
             and
             Chearfulness
             ,
             because
             on
             this
             Occasion
             they
             don't
             obey
             the
             Commands
             of
             
             other
             Men
             ,
             but
             the
             Dictates
             of
             their
             own
             Necessity
             ,
             and
             contend
             for
             a
             Victory
             ,
             the
             whole
             Fruit
             and
             Benefit
             whereof
             will
             be
             intirely
             their
             own
             .
          
           
             These
             and
             the
             like
             Considerations
             Crispinus
             suggested
             to
             them
             ,
             sometimes
             addressing
             himself
             to
             the
             whole
             Company
             ,
             sometimes
             to
             particular
             Persons
             .
             He
             was
             a
             Man
             naturally
             of
             an
             august
             Presence
             ,
             and
             very
             powerful
             in
             the
             Roman
             Eloquence
             ;
             he
             was
             too
             universally
             belov'd
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             great
             Gentleness
             and
             Equity
             of
             his
             Government
             :
             So
             he
             confirm'd
             them
             in
             their
             first
             Resolutions
             ,
             and
             commanded
             the
             Commissioners
             to
             depart
             from
             the
             Walls
             without
             effecting
             what
             they
             came
             for
             .
          
           
             'T
             was
             said
             ,
             that
             Crispinus
             was
             animated
             to
             the
             making
             this
             resolute
             Defence
             ,
             by
             the
             Soothsayers
             ,
             who
             upon
             examination
             and
             view
             of
             the
             Entrails
             of
             the
             Victims
             ,
             gave
             him
             great
             Encouragement
             ,
             than
             which
             nothing
             makes
             stronger
             Impressions
             upon
             the
             Italians
             .
             There
             was
             also
             a
             Report
             handed
             about
             ,
             
               That
               a
               God
               of
               the
               Country
               ,
               call'd
               by
               the
            
             Italians
             
             Beles
             ,
             
               and
               suppos'd
               to
               be
            
             Apollo
             ,
             
               and
               had
               in
               great
               veneration
               in
               those
               Parts
               ,
               had
               foretold
               that
               he
               should
               be
               victorious
               .
            
             And
             some
             of
             
             Maximine's
             Soldiers
             affirm'd
             ,
             
               That
               they
               saw
               the
               Image
               of
               this
               God
               fighting
               in
               the
               Air
               in
               defence
               of
               the
               City
               .
            
             Whether
             this
             was
             true
             ,
             or
             it
             was
             only
             a
             Story
             contriv'd
             to
             lessen
             the
             Reproach
             that
             would
             otherwise
             fall
             upon
             so
             great
             an
             Army
             ,
             for
             fighting
             so
             unsuccessfully
             with
             an
             undisciplin'd
             Mob
             ,
             inferiour
             to
             themselves
             in
             Number
             ,
             and
             therefore
             they
             would
             appear
             to
             the
             World
             to
             have
             been
             vanquish'd
             rather
             by
             Gods
             than
             Men
             ,
             I
             leave
             a
             Question
             .
             However
             it
             was
             ,
             an
             Event
             so
             strange
             and
             surprizing
             made
             all
             Things
             more
             credible
             .
          
           
             The
             Commissioners
             return'd
             to
             Maximine
             ,
             and
             their
             ill
             Success
             serv'd
             only
             to
             inflame
             him
             to
             a
             higher
             Degree
             of
             Rage
             ;
             so
             he
             made
             swifter
             Advances
             with
             his
             Army
             towards
             the
             City
             :
             But
             when
             he
             came
             to
             a
             River
             about
             Sixteen
             Miles
             from
             the
             Town
             ,
             he
             found
             it
             exceeding
             broad
             and
             deep
             ,
             it
             being
             the
             time
             of
             the
             Year
             when
             the
             Snow
             that
             is
             frozen
             
             upon
             the
             neighbouring
             Hills
             in
             the
             Winter
             ,
             was
             melted
             ,
             which
             had
             swell'd
             the
             River
             to
             so
             prodigious
             a
             height
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             absolutely
             impossible
             to
             pass
             his
             Army
             over
             it
             :
             For
             the
             Aquileians
             had
             taken
             care
             to
             break
             down
             a
             large
             and
             goodly
             Bridge
             ,
             built
             there
             of
             square
             Stone
             some
             Ages
             ago
             by
             the
             Emperors
             of
             Rome
             :
             So
             there
             being
             no
             Bridge
             ,
             nor
             any
             Transport-Vessels
             to
             carry
             over
             his
             Army
             ,
             he
             was
             oblig'd
             to
             make
             a
             Halt
             ,
             being
             utterly
             at
             a
             loss
             what
             Counsels
             to
             pursue
             .
          
           
             Some
             of
             the
             Germans
             ,
             being
             unacquainted
             with
             the
             strong
             and
             rapid
             Current
             of
             the
             Italian
             Rivers
             ,
             supposing
             that
             they
             flow'd
             as
             gently
             as
             those
             in
             their
             own
             Country
             ,
             (
             which
             for
             want
             of
             a
             quick
             and
             violent
             Agitation
             are
             soon
             frozen
             )
             ventur'd
             to
             take
             the
             River
             with
             their
             Horses
             ,
             which
             tho'
             they
             could
             swim
             very
             well
             ,
             were
             all
             carried
             down
             by
             the
             force
             of
             the
             Stream
             ,
             and
             drown'd
             .
          
           
             Maximine
             entrench'd
             his
             Army
             ,
             for
             fear
             of
             a
             Surprize
             ;
             and
             having
             staid
             in
             his
             Pavilion
             two
             or
             three
             Days
             ,
             went
             
             out
             to
             view
             the
             River
             ,
             and
             contrive
             a
             Bridge
             over
             it
             ;
             but
             wanting
             Materials
             ,
             viz.
             Timber
             and
             Boats
             ,
             he
             was
             inform'd
             by
             his
             Engineers
             ,
             that
             in
             the
             abandon'd
             Villages
             there
             were
             great
             Numbers
             of
             round
             empty
             Vessels
             of
             Wood
             ,
             which
             the
             Inhabitants
             made
             use
             of
             to
             carry
             their
             Wine
             in
             ;
             these
             were
             made
             hollow
             like
             Ships
             ,
             and
             they
             were
             of
             opinion
             ,
             that
             they
             would
             float
             upon
             the
             Water
             like
             so
             many
             Wherries
             ,
             and
             if
             they
             were
             fastned
             together
             ,
             and
             cover'd
             with
             Wicker
             ,
             and
             good
             store
             of
             Earth
             cast
             upon
             them
             ,
             they
             would
             be
             firm
             enough
             to
             stem
             the
             violence
             of
             the
             Current
             .
          
           
             By
             the
             help
             of
             this
             Project
             Maximine
             easily
             pass'd
             the
             River
             with
             his
             Army
             ,
             and
             advanc'd
             towards
             the
             City
             .
             They
             found
             all
             the
             Country-Villages
             ,
             as
             they
             march'd
             along
             ,
             forsaken
             by
             their
             Inhabitants
             ,
             and
             burnt
             and
             cut
             down
             all
             the
             Vines
             and
             other
             Trees
             ,
             utterly
             destroying
             all
             the
             Ornaments
             and
             Glory
             of
             the
             Country
             :
             For
             the
             Trees
             are
             rang'd
             in
             such
             beautiful
             Order
             ,
             and
             the
             Vines
             so
             artfully
             dispos'd
             ,
             that
             their
             Branches
             
             mingle
             as
             they
             grow
             ,
             and
             afford
             a
             most
             delightful
             Prospect
             ;
             the
             whole
             Country
             appearing
             to
             the
             Eye
             to
             be
             adorn'd
             with
             Crowns
             and
             Garlands
             ,
             as
             at
             some
             solemn
             Festival
             .
          
           
             But
             now
             all
             these
             were
             rooted
             up
             by
             the
             ravaging
             Army
             ,
             after
             which
             they
             advanc'd
             to
             the
             Walls
             of
             the
             City
             :
             But
             in
             regard
             the
             Soldiers
             were
             sore
             harrass'd
             in
             their
             March
             ,
             Maximine
             did
             not
             think
             fit
             to
             attack
             the
             Town
             presently
             ;
             so
             he
             encamp'd
             out
             of
             the
             reach
             of
             the
             Enemies
             Arrows
             ,
             and
             divided
             his
             Army
             into
             Cohorts
             and
             Parties
             ,
             assigning
             to
             each
             of
             them
             a
             part
             of
             the
             Wall
             ;
             and
             allowing
             one
             Day
             only
             for
             Rest
             ,
             prepar'd
             the
             Day
             following
             for
             the
             general
             Assault
             .
          
           
             Accordingly
             at
             the
             Day
             they
             made
             their
             Approaches
             with
             all
             sort
             of
             Warlike
             Engines
             ,
             and
             assail'd
             the
             Walls
             with
             great
             Fury
             ,
             leaving
             no
             manner
             of
             Assault
             unattempted
             .
             This
             was
             repeated
             almost
             every
             Day
             ,
             fresh
             Attacks
             being
             made
             with
             great
             Vigour
             and
             Gallantry
             ,
             and
             the
             Walls
             surrounded
             by
             a
             powerful
             Army
             .
          
           
           
             Notwithstanding
             this
             ,
             the
             Aquileians
             made
             a
             brave
             Defence
             ;
             the
             Doors
             of
             the
             Temples
             and
             Houses
             were
             shut
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             People
             ,
             without
             excepting
             even
             Women
             and
             Children
             ,
             mounted
             the
             Towers
             and
             Bastions
             to
             fight
             against
             the
             Common
             Enemy
             .
             There
             was
             no
             Age
             of
             Life
             so
             utterly
             useless
             and
             disabled
             for
             Service
             ,
             but
             on
             this
             Occasion
             was
             actually
             in
             Arms
             for
             the
             Defence
             of
             their
             Country
             .
             The
             Suburbs
             ,
             and
             whatever
             Houses
             were
             without
             the
             Gates
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             were
             demolish'd
             by
             Maximine
             ,
             and
             the
             Timber
             converted
             into
             Battering
             Engines
             ,
             with
             which
             he
             essay'd
             to
             make
             a
             Breach
             in
             the
             Wall
             ,
             at
             which
             his
             Army
             might
             enter
             ,
             being
             resolv'd
             to
             plunder
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             lay
             it
             level
             with
             the
             Ground
             ,
             and
             to
             leave
             the
             Country
             around
             waste
             and
             desolate
             .
             He
             thought
             it
             would
             not
             be
             for
             his
             Glory
             and
             Reputation
             ,
             to
             proceed
             on
             his
             March
             to
             Rome
             ,
             before
             the
             destroy'd
             from
             its
             Foundations
             the
             first
             City
             in
             Italy
             that
             oppos'd
             his
             Arms
             :
             So
             he
             rode
             through
             his
             Army
             (
             with
             his
             Son
             whom
             he
             had
             made
             
             Caesar
             )
             mixing
             Entreaties
             with
             Promises
             ,
             to
             raise
             and
             excite
             the
             Courage
             of
             his
             Soldiers
             .
          
           
             But
             the
             Aquileians
             tumbled
             Stones
             down
             upon
             them
             ,
             and
             fill'd
             Barrels
             ,
             with
             long
             Handles
             fix'd
             to
             them
             ,
             with
             Pitch
             ,
             Sulphur
             ,
             and
             other
             Bituminous
             Matter
             ,
             and
             when
             the
             Enemy
             approach'd
             the
             Walls
             ,
             showr'd
             down
             upon
             them
             Streams
             of
             scalding
             Pitch
             ,
             which
             ,
             with
             the
             other
             combustible
             Matter
             ,
             lighting
             upon
             the
             naked
             Parts
             of
             the
             Soldiers
             Bodies
             ,
             spread
             it self
             all
             over
             them
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             they
             instantly
             fell
             to
             stripping
             themselves
             :
             Off
             went
             their
             Coats
             of
             Mail
             ,
             and
             all
             their
             other
             Armour
             ,
             and
             happy
             he
             that
             could
             get
             rid
             of
             them
             ;
             for
             the
             Iron
             was
             glowing
             hot
             ,
             and
             the
             Leather
             parch'd
             and
             shrivel'd
             with
             the
             Fire
             .
             There
             you
             might
             see
             their
             Arms
             lying
             on
             the
             Ground
             ,
             like
             Spoils
             taken
             from
             them
             ,
             not
             by
             Force
             ,
             but
             Stratagem
             .
             The
             best
             part
             of
             the
             Army
             had
             their
             Eyes
             burnt
             out
             ,
             and
             their
             Hands
             ,
             Faces
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             other
             naked
             Parts
             of
             their
             Bodies
             miserably
             
             scorch'd
             .
             Moreover
             ,
             they
             cover'd
             Firebrands
             with
             Pitch
             and
             Rozin
             ,
             and
             sharpned
             them
             at
             the
             Ends
             like
             Arrows
             ,
             which
             being
             lighted
             and
             darted
             into
             the
             Engines
             so
             as
             to
             stick
             fast
             ,
             easily
             set
             them
             on
             fire
             .
             At
             the
             first
             Fortune
             held
             the
             Scales
             pretty
             equal
             ;
             but
             after
             a
             while
             ,
             
             Maximine's
             Soldiers
             meeting
             with
             warmer
             Entertainment
             than
             they
             expected
             ,
             grew
             weary
             and
             disheartned
             .
             Those
             who
             they
             thought
             could
             not
             withstand
             the
             first
             Shocks
             of
             their
             Assault
             ,
             made
             a
             stout
             and
             resolute
             Resistance
             .
             On
             the
             other
             Hand
             ,
             the
             Aquileians
             receiv'd
             new
             Accessions
             of
             Courage
             and
             Vigour
             ,
             and
             by
             frequent
             Rencounters
             arriv'd
             to
             a
             tolerable
             Skill
             and
             Address
             in
             Military
             Matters
             ,
             and
             made
             so
             slight
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             that
             they
             could
             not
             forbear
             drolling
             upon
             them
             ,
             not
             sparing
             even
             Maximine
             or
             his
             Son
             ,
             but
             reproaching
             and
             reviling
             them
             as
             they
             rid
             near
             the
             Walls
             ,
             and
             treating
             them
             with
             the
             last
             Degree
             of
             Scorn
             and
             Contempt
             .
          
           
           
             This
             highly
             incens'd
             Maximine
             ;
             so
             being
             unable
             to
             pour
             out
             his
             Revenge
             upon
             his
             Enemy
             ,
             he
             was
             resolv'd
             his
             own
             Officers
             should
             feel
             the
             weight
             of
             his
             Hand
             :
             So
             he
             put
             most
             of
             them
             to
             death
             ,
             pretending
             they
             had
             not
             push'd
             on
             the
             Siege
             so
             vigorously
             as
             they
             ought
             to
             have
             done
             ;
             which
             Cruelty
             only
             render'd
             him
             more
             odious
             to
             the
             Army
             ,
             and
             more
             contemptible
             to
             the
             Enemy
             .
          
           
             It
             hapned
             that
             the
             Aquileians
             had
             store
             of
             all
             Sorts
             of
             Provisions
             ,
             great
             Care
             being
             taken
             that
             the
             Town
             should
             be
             well
             furnish'd
             with
             all
             Things
             requisite
             for
             the
             Support
             of
             Man
             or
             Beast
             :
             Whereas
             the
             Army
             was
             forc'd
             to
             struggle
             with
             a
             Dearth
             and
             Scarcity
             of
             all
             Things
             ;
             for
             they
             had
             destroy'd
             all
             the
             Fruit-trees
             ,
             and
             ravag'd
             the
             Country
             around
             .
             They
             had
             some
             Tents
             indeed
             pitch'd
             in
             haste
             ,
             in
             which
             part
             of
             the
             Army
             lay
             ;
             the
             rest
             lay
             scatter'd
             in
             the
             open
             Fields
             ,
             expos'd
             to
             all
             the
             Inclemencies
             of
             the
             Weather
             .
             No
             Provision
             or
             Forage
             could
             be
             brought
             into
             the
             Camp
             ;
             for
             the
             Romans
             had
             block'd
             up
             all
             the
             
             Ways
             into
             Italy
             ,
             and
             to
             strengthen
             the
             Blockade
             ,
             had
             built
             there
             Walls
             and
             Gates
             .
             Consular
             Men
             ,
             and
             Persons
             of
             the
             greatest
             Consideration
             and
             Worth
             in
             all
             Italy
             ,
             were
             appointed
             to
             guard
             the
             Coasts
             and
             Harbours
             ,
             and
             to
             hinder
             the
             passing
             of
             any
             Vessels
             by
             Water
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             that
             Maximine
             might
             have
             no
             Intelligence
             of
             what
             was
             done
             in
             Rome
             .
             All
             the
             High-ways
             and
             Roads
             were
             diligently
             watch'd
             ,
             and
             no
             Man
             suffer'd
             to
             pass
             ;
             by
             which
             means
             it
             fell
             out
             ,
             that
             the
             Army
             ,
             which
             pretended
             to
             be
             the
             Besieger
             ,
             was
             it self
             besieg'd
             :
             For
             neither
             could
             they
             make
             themselves
             Masters
             of
             the
             Town
             ,
             nor
             ,
             if
             they
             rais'd
             the
             Siege
             ,
             could
             they
             go
             on
             to
             -
             Rome
             ,
             for
             want
             of
             Transport-Vessels
             and
             Carriages
             ,
             all
             which
             were
             seiz'd
             upon
             before
             ,
             and
             secur'd
             .
          
           
             There
             seem'd
             also
             some
             Ground
             and
             Colour
             for
             the
             Rumour
             that
             was
             handed
             about
             ,
             (
             
               viz
               ▪
               )
               That
               the
            
             Romans
             
               were
               in
               Arms
               ;
               that
               all
            
             Italy
             and
             Illyria
             ,
             
               as
               also
               the
               Southern
               and
               Eastern
               Barbarians
               ,
               were
               engag'd
               with
               them
               ;
               that
               they
               had
               concerted
               to
               raise
               a
               Army
               ,
               out
               of
               a
               general
               Hatred
               
               and
               Disaffection
               to
            
             Maximine
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             
             Maximine's
             Soldiers
             began
             now
             to
             despair
             .
             They
             labour'd
             under
             a
             Want
             of
             all
             Things
             ,
             even
             of
             Water
             ,
             those
             poor
             Supplies
             which
             they
             had
             being
             out
             of
             the
             River
             that
             ran
             by
             the
             Town
             ,
             the
             Water
             whereof
             was
             tainted
             by
             the
             Blood
             and
             dead
             Bodies
             which
             were
             thrown
             into
             it
             by
             the
             Aquileians
             ,
             for
             want
             of
             a
             Convenience
             for
             burying
             them
             within
             the
             Walls
             ;
             together
             with
             such
             as
             died
             in
             the
             Army
             by
             Sword
             ,
             Sickness
             ,
             or
             Famine
             ;
             of
             all
             which
             ,
             this
             River
             was
             the
             common
             Receptacle
             .
          
           
             The
             Army
             being
             thus
             reduc'd
             to
             the
             utmost
             Degree
             of
             Despair
             and
             Wretchedness
             ,
             when
             Maximine
             was
             reposing
             himself
             in
             his
             Pavilion
             ,
             (
             there
             being
             a
             Cessation
             of
             Arms
             for
             that
             Day
             )
             and
             most
             of
             the
             Soldiers
             were
             in
             their
             Tents
             ,
             or
             retir'd
             to
             their
             respective
             Posts
             ;
             the
             Soldiers
             that
             belong'd
             to
             the
             Camp
             in
             Rome
             under
             Mount
             Alba
             ,
             and
             had
             their
             Wives
             and
             Children
             there
             ,
             fell
             upon
             a
             sudden
             Resolve
             ,
             which
             was
             ,
             to
             assassinate
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             that
             so
             they
             might
             
             deliver
             themselves
             from
             the
             Fatigues
             of
             a
             long
             and
             almost
             endless
             Siege
             ,
             and
             that
             they
             might
             not
             contribute
             to
             the
             Desolation
             of
             Italy
             ,
             to
             gratifie
             a
             Tyrant
             so
             universally
             hated
             and
             abhorr'd
             :
             So
             taking
             Courage
             ,
             they
             march'd
             at
             High-Noon
             to
             the
             Emperor's
             Pavilion
             ,
             having
             made
             his
             Guards
             Accomplices
             in
             the
             Design
             ,
             and
             after
             they
             had
             torn
             his
             Pourtraict
             out
             of
             the
             Ensigns
             ,
             they
             assaulted
             and
             slew
             both
             him
             and
             his
             Son
             ,
             as
             he
             was
             coming
             out
             of
             his
             Tent
             to
             speak
             to
             them
             .
             The
             Captain
             of
             the
             Life-guard
             was
             sacrific'd
             at
             the
             same
             time
             ,
             together
             with
             all
             the
             Favourites
             of
             the
             Tyrant
             :
             Their
             Carcases
             were
             thrown
             out
             to
             be
             spurn'd
             at
             and
             trampled
             upon
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             to
             be
             torn
             in
             Pieces
             by
             Dogs
             and
             Birds
             of
             Prey
             .
             Only
             the
             Heads
             of
             the
             two
             Emperors
             were
             cut
             off
             ,
             and
             sent
             to
             Rome
             .
             Thus
             fell
             Maximine
             and
             his
             Son
             ,
             receiving
             the
             just
             Rewards
             of
             a
             Cruel
             and
             Tyrannical
             Administration
             .
          
           
             As
             soon
             as
             the
             Emperor's
             Assassination
             was
             made
             publick
             ,
             the
             Army
             was
             
             in
             great
             Astonishment
             .
             The
             News
             was
             not
             equally
             agreeable
             to
             all
             .
             The
             Thracians
             and
             Pannonians
             ,
             who
             had
             been
             the
             chief
             Instruments
             of
             his
             Advancement
             ,
             were
             the
             most
             deeply
             afflicted
             ;
             but
             in
             regard
             the
             Loss
             could
             not
             be
             repair'd
             ,
             they
             were
             resolv'd
             to
             be
             as
             easie
             under
             it
             as
             they
             could
             ,
             and
             to
             partake
             at
             least
             seemingly
             of
             the
             general
             Satisfaction
             which
             this
             Massacre
             had
             given
             :
             So
             they
             laid
             down
             their
             Arms
             ,
             and
             approach'd
             the
             Walls
             attir'd
             like
             Friends
             ,
             and
             declaring
             
             Maximine's
             Death
             ,
             requested
             the
             Besieg'd
             to
             open
             their
             Gates
             and
             receive
             them
             ,
             who
             were
             now
             their
             Friends
             ,
             tho'
             before
             they
             had
             been
             their
             Enemies
             .
          
           
             The
             Aquileians
             did
             not
             think
             fit
             to
             comply
             with
             this
             Demand
             ,
             but
             set
             out
             the
             Statues
             of
             Maximus
             and
             Balbinus
             ,
             and
             
               Gordian
               Caesar
            
             ,
             adorn'd
             with
             Crowns
             and
             Chaplets
             of
             Laurel
             ,
             expressing
             their
             Affection
             to
             them
             in
             Shouts
             of
             Joy
             ,
             and
             exhorting
             the
             Soldiers
             to
             do
             the
             like
             ,
             and
             to
             own
             those
             Emperors
             whom
             the
             Senate
             and
             People
             had
             in
             their
             Wisdom
             
             made
             choice
             of
             :
             
               The
               other
            
             Gordians
             (
             they
             told
             them
             )
             
               were
               departed
               to
               another
               World
               ,
               and
               had
               taken
               their
               Places
               among
               the
               Immortal
               Gods.
            
             Then
             they
             furnish'd
             out
             a
             Market
             upon
             the
             Walls
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             well
             stock'd
             with
             all
             sorts
             of
             Victuals
             and
             Wines
             ,
             as
             also
             with
             Clothes
             ,
             Shoos
             ,
             and
             whatever
             a
             rich
             and
             flourishing
             City
             could
             afford
             .
          
           
             At
             this
             the
             Army
             was
             infinitely
             more
             amaz'd
             ,
             when
             they
             consider'd
             ,
             that
             the
             City
             had
             Provisions
             for
             a
             long
             Siege
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Scarcity
             of
             all
             Things
             in
             the
             Camp
             was
             so
             extreme
             ,
             that
             they
             must
             have
             perish'd
             by
             Famine
             before
             they
             could
             have
             made
             themselves
             Masters
             of
             so
             well
             provided
             a
             Town
             .
             So
             the
             Army
             sat
             still
             before
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             was
             supply'd
             with
             whatever
             they
             had
             occasion
             for
             from
             thence
             .
             The
             Soldiers
             and
             Citizens
             conversing
             together
             ,
             maintain'd
             an
             amicable
             Correspondence
             ,
             altho'
             the
             Form
             of
             a
             Siege
             remain'd
             ,
             and
             the
             Roman
             Army
             lay
             encamp'd
             around
             the
             Town
             .
             This
             was
             the
             State
             of
             Affairs
             at
             Aquileia
             .
          
           
           
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             ,
             the
             Couriers
             that
             were
             sent
             to
             Rome
             with
             
             Maximine's
             Head
             ,
             made
             all
             imaginable
             Expedition
             ,
             and
             were
             receiv'd
             with
             open
             Gates
             by
             all
             the
             Towns
             they
             pass'd
             through
             ,
             the
             Citizens
             meeting
             them
             with
             Branches
             of
             Laurel
             in
             their
             Hands
             ;
             and
             having
             pass'd
             the
             Lakes
             between
             Altinum
             and
             Ravenna
             ,
             they
             found
             Maximus
             in
             Ravenna
             ,
             drawing
             together
             the
             choicest
             of
             the
             Soldiers
             both
             in
             Rome
             and
             Italy
             .
             He
             had
             also
             a
             considerable
             Reinforcement
             of
             German
             Auxiliaries
             ,
             sent
             to
             him
             by
             that
             Province
             ,
             as
             an
             Acknowledgment
             of
             his
             great
             Care
             and
             Diligence
             in
             his
             late
             Government
             in
             those
             Parts
             ;
             and
             was
             raising
             an
             Army
             against
             Maximine
             ,
             when
             they
             arriv'd
             with
             the
             Heads
             of
             the
             slain
             Emperor
             and
             his
             Son
             ,
             and
             imparted
             to
             him
             the
             Tidings
             of
             Victory
             and
             Success
             ,
             and
             that
             both
             Army
             and
             People
             were
             unanimous
             in
             their
             Approbation
             of
             the
             Senates
             Choice
             of
             Emperors
             .
          
           
             Upon
             this
             News
             ,
             so
             great
             and
             unexpected
             ,
             the
             Altars
             were
             loaded
             with
             Sacrifices
             ,
             and
             all
             Men
             join'd
             in
             the
             celebrating
             
             a
             Victory
             which
             cost
             no
             Labour
             in
             the
             obtaining
             .
             Maximus
             having
             sacrific'd
             ,
             order'd
             the
             Couriers
             to
             go
             directly
             to
             Rome
             with
             the
             Heads
             ,
             and
             News
             of
             what
             had
             hapned
             .
          
           
             As
             soon
             as
             they
             enter'd
             Rome
             ,
             and
             fix'd
             the
             Head
             of
             the
             Common
             Enemy
             upon
             the
             Point
             of
             a
             Lance
             ,
             so
             that
             all
             the
             People
             might
             behold
             it
             ,
             't
             is
             impossible
             for
             Words
             to
             describe
             the
             Jubile
             of
             that
             Day
             .
             No
             Man
             staid
             at
             home
             ;
             but
             all
             ,
             both
             Young
             and
             Old
             ,
             throng'd
             to
             the
             Temples
             and
             Altars
             ,
             and
             ,
             as
             if
             some
             sudden
             Frenzy
             had
             seiz'd
             them
             ,
             ran
             about
             ,
             congratulating
             one
             another
             ,
             and
             gather'd
             together
             into
             the
             Cirque
             ,
             as
             upon
             some
             solemn
             Assembly
             .
             Balbinus
             sacrific'd
             Hecatombs
             ,
             and
             there
             was
             no
             Magistrate
             or
             Senator
             but
             felt
             extraordinary
             Emotions
             of
             Joy
             on
             this
             Occasion
             ,
             the
             Sword
             that
             hung
             over
             their
             Heads
             being
             now
             remov'd
             .
             Couriers
             also
             with
             Laurel
             Branches
             were
             dispatch'd
             to
             communicate
             the
             News
             to
             the
             Provinces
             .
          
           
           
             While
             these
             Publick
             Rejoicings
             were
             making
             in
             
               Rome
               ,
               Maximus
            
             parted
             from
             Ravenna
             ,
             and
             came
             to
             Aquileia
             ,
             having
             pass'd
             the
             Lakes
             which
             are
             made
             by
             the
             Exundations
             of
             the
             Poe
             ,
             and
             the
             neighbouring
             Fens
             ,
             which
             discharge
             themselves
             here
             into
             the
             Sea
             at
             Seven
             Mouths
             ,
             for
             which
             Reason
             these
             Lakes
             are
             call'd
             by
             the
             Natives
             
               The
               Seven
               Seas
            
             .
             Upon
             his
             Arrival
             the
             Gates
             of
             the
             City
             were
             immediately
             open'd
             ,
             and
             the
             Aquileians
             receiv'd
             him
             with
             all
             the
             Marks
             of
             Respect
             .
             Persons
             of
             Condition
             were
             sent
             to
             him
             from
             all
             the
             Cities
             of
             Italy
             ,
             with
             Addresses
             of
             Loyalty
             :
             Their
             Attire
             was
             White
             ,
             and
             they
             had
             in
             their
             Hands
             Branches
             '
             of
             Laurel
             ,
             and
             brought
             with
             them
             the
             Gods
             of
             their
             respective
             Countries
             ,
             as
             also
             Crowns
             of
             massie
             Gold
             ;
             and
             in
             token
             of
             their
             Affection
             ,
             they
             scatter'd
             Flowers
             upon
             him
             ,
             which
             they
             seconded
             with
             Wishes
             of
             Long
             Life
             and
             Happy
             Reign
             .
             The
             Army
             too
             that
             invested
             Aquileia
             met
             him
             with
             Branches
             of
             Laurel
             ,
             in
             the
             Habits
             of
             Peace
             .
             Tho'
             this
             Publick
             Honour
             which
             they
             did
             
             him
             ,
             was
             not
             what
             any
             real
             Affection
             ,
             but
             an
             affected
             Zeal
             and
             dissembled
             Loyalty
             prompted
             them
             to
             ,
             they
             put
             on
             a
             Mask
             ,
             that
             they
             might
             appear
             of
             a
             right
             Complexion
             for
             the
             Times
             :
             For
             most
             of
             them
             could
             not
             without
             Indignation
             and
             Resentment
             behold
             their
             own
             Emperor
             basely
             murder'd
             ,
             and
             the
             Senates
             Creatures
             sitting
             at
             the
             Helm
             .
             But
             Maximus
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             spent
             two
             Days
             in
             offering
             Sacrifice
             ,
             upon
             the
             third
             order'd
             the
             Army
             to
             be
             drawn
             out
             into
             the
             Field
             ,
             where
             from
             a
             Throne
             there
             erected
             ,
             he
             deliver'd
             himself
             in
             the
             following
             Words
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     MAXIMUS
                     his
                     SPEECH
                     to
                     the
                     ARMY
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Gentlemen
                       ,
                    
                  
                   
                     THat
                     it
                     was
                     your
                     true
                     Interest
                     to
                     submit
                     to
                     and
                     fall
                     in
                     with
                     the
                     Roman
                     People
                     ,
                     I
                     doubt
                     not
                     but
                     your
                     own
                     Experience
                     has
                     inform'd
                     you
                     .
                     You
                     have
                     exchang'd
                     War
                     for
                     Peace
                     ,
                     and
                     kept
                     your
                     Military
                     Oath
                     ,
                     that
                     most
                     Sacred
                     Mystery
                     of
                     the
                     Roman
                     
                     Empire
                     ;
                     and
                     for
                     the
                     future
                     if
                     you
                     preserve
                     inviolate
                     the
                     Faith
                     and
                     Duty
                     which
                     you
                     owe
                     to
                     the
                     Senate
                     and
                     People
                     of
                     Rome
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     us
                     your
                     Emperors
                     ,
                     you
                     may
                     live
                     in
                     the
                     quiet
                     Enjoyment
                     of
                     these
                     Advantages
                     .
                     We
                     are
                     your
                     Leige
                     Lords
                     ,
                     elected
                     by
                     the
                     Roman
                     People
                     and
                     Senate
                     ,
                     who
                     were
                     mov'd
                     solely
                     by
                     the
                     Consideration
                     of
                     our
                     Archievements
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     ancient
                     Nobility
                     of
                     our
                     Linage
                     :
                     For
                     the
                     Empire
                     is
                     not
                     the
                     private
                     Inheritance
                     of
                     any
                     particular
                     Person
                     ,
                     but
                     belongs
                     to
                     the
                     Collective
                     Body
                     of
                     the
                     Roman
                     People
                     :
                     We
                     and
                     you
                     are
                     only
                     intrusted
                     with
                     the
                     Executive
                     Power
                     or
                     Authority
                     ,
                     to
                     administer
                     that
                     Empire
                     .
                     Now
                     if
                     you
                     behave
                     your selves
                     as
                     becomes
                     good
                     and
                     loyal
                     Subjects
                     ,
                     and
                     pay
                     us
                     the
                     Respect
                     and
                     Honour
                     that
                     is
                     due
                     to
                     the
                     Persons
                     of
                     Princes
                     ,
                     you
                     may
                     live
                     happily
                     under
                     Us
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     secure
                     Possession
                     of
                     all
                     the
                     necessary
                     Supports
                     of
                     Life
                     :
                     And
                     besides
                     ,
                     your
                     Example
                     will
                     have
                     a
                     good
                     Influence
                     upon
                     all
                     our
                     Cities
                     and
                     Provinces
                     ,
                     and
                     will
                     incline
                     them
                     to
                     render
                     a
                     ready
                     and
                     chearful
                     Obedience
                     to
                     their
                     several
                     Governours
                     .
                     You
                     shall
                     not
                     any
                     more
                     be
                     harrass'd
                     in
                     Foreign
                     Countries
                     ,
                     but
                     shall
                     live
                     henceforth
                     at
                     
                     home
                     ,
                     according
                     to
                     your
                     own
                     Humours
                     and
                     Inclinations
                     .
                     To
                     curb
                     the
                     Barbarous
                     Nations
                     ,
                     shall
                     be
                     our
                     Charge
                     and
                     Province
                     .
                     The
                     putting
                     the
                     Supreme
                     Power
                     into
                     two
                     Hands
                     ,
                     will
                     facilitate
                     the
                     Management
                     of
                     Affairs
                     in
                     Rome
                     ;
                     and
                     if
                     any
                     thing
                     happen
                     in
                     Foreign
                     Parts
                     ,
                     that
                     may
                     require
                     the
                     Presence
                     of
                     an
                     Emperor
                     ,
                     one
                     of
                     us
                     will
                     be
                     always
                     at
                     liberty
                     to
                     observe
                     the
                     Motions
                     on
                     that
                     Side
                     .
                     And
                     I
                     would
                     not
                     have
                     any
                     of
                     you
                     harbour
                     a
                     Jealousie
                     that
                     any
                     thing
                     you
                     have
                     hitherto
                     done
                     hath
                     left
                     any
                     Impression
                     upon
                     our
                     Minds
                     ,
                     or
                     upon
                     the
                     Minds
                     of
                     the
                     Roman
                     People
                     ,
                     or
                     the
                     Provinces
                     that
                     revolted
                     for
                     Injuries
                     then
                     receiv'd
                     ;
                     seeing
                     what
                     you
                     did
                     then
                     was
                     in
                     Obedience
                     to
                     the
                     Commands
                     of
                     your
                     Prince
                     .
                     Let
                     there
                     be
                     then
                     a
                     General
                     Oblivion
                     of
                     all
                     that
                     is
                     past
                     ,
                     and
                     for
                     the
                     future
                     a
                     firm
                     League
                     of
                     everlasting
                     Amity
                     and
                     Friendship
                     amongst
                     us
                     .
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             After
             this
             Harangue
             ,
             he
             promis'd
             great
             Sums
             of
             Money
             to
             the
             Soldiers
             ;
             and
             resolving
             after
             a
             short
             Stay
             in
             Aquileia
             to
             return
             to
             Rome
             ,
             order'd
             the
             Remainder
             of
             the
             Forces
             into
             their
             respective
             
             Provinces
             and
             Quarters
             ,
             only
             taking
             with
             him
             to
             Rome
             the
             Praetorian
             Soldiers
             ,
             with
             the
             Forces
             commanded
             by
             Balbinus
             ,
             and
             the
             German
             Auxiliaries
             ,
             of
             whose
             Loyalty
             he
             had
             a
             singular
             good
             Opinion
             ,
             in
             regard
             he
             had
             govern'd
             in
             those
             Parts
             with
             great
             Moderation
             ,
             before
             this
             Advancement
             to
             the
             Empire
             .
             At
             his
             Publick
             Entry
             into
             Rome
             ,
             he
             was
             met
             by
             Balbinus
             and
             
               Gordian
               Caesar
            
             ,
             accompanied
             by
             the
             whole
             Senate
             and
             People
             ,
             who
             receiv'd
             him
             with
             Acclamations
             of
             Joy
             and
             Triumph
             .
             After
             this
             ,
             they
             administer'd
             the
             State
             with
             great
             Order
             and
             Gravity
             ,
             to
             the
             general
             Satisfaction
             of
             all
             Ranks
             and
             Degrees
             of
             Men.
             The
             People
             rejoic'd
             ,
             and
             glory'd
             in
             their
             Emperors
             ,
             whose
             Noble
             Birth
             and
             Personal
             Merit
             render'd
             them
             worthy
             of
             the
             Empire
             .
             But
             ,
             on
             the
             other
             Hand
             ,
             the
             Soldiers
             were
             violently
             bent
             against
             them
             ;
             they
             were
             offended
             with
             the
             very
             Acclamations
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             and
             the
             Nobility
             so
             much
             cry'd
             up
             by
             them
             ,
             minister'd
             Matter
             of
             Disgust
             to
             these
             ,
             which
             was
             encreas'd
             
             by
             the
             odious
             Circumstance
             of
             their
             being
             elected
             by
             the
             Senate
             .
             The
             retaining
             also
             the
             Germans
             ,
             and
             the
             quartering
             them
             in
             Rome
             ,
             gave
             them
             great
             Jealousie
             ;
             they
             foresaw
             they
             would
             oppose
             their
             Designs
             ,
             and
             suspected
             a
             Project
             was
             afoot
             to
             disarm
             them
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Germans
             were
             to
             execute
             it
             ,
             and
             to
             have
             their
             Places
             if
             they
             succeeded
             ;
             a
             late
             Instance
             whereof
             there
             was
             in
             
             Severus's
             Reign
             ,
             who
             cashier'd
             the
             Guards
             that
             were
             concern'd
             in
             
             Pertinax's
             Assassination
             .
             So
             when
             the
             Games
             instituted
             in
             Honour
             of
             
               Jupiter
               Capitolinus
            
             were
             to
             be
             celebrated
             ,
             and
             all
             Mens
             Minds
             were
             bent
             upon
             the
             Shews
             and
             Publick
             Entertainments
             that
             were
             made
             on
             that
             Occasion
             ,
             upon
             a
             sudden
             the
             Praetorian
             Soldiers
             threw
             off
             the
             Mask
             ,
             and
             boldly
             publish'd
             their
             Disaffection
             to
             the
             Government
             ,
             which
             they
             had
             till
             now
             industriously
             disguis'd
             ;
             and
             being
             hurry'd
             on
             by
             a
             wild
             Rage
             ,
             ran
             up
             to
             the
             Imperial
             Palace
             ,
             and
             surpriz'd
             the
             Persons
             of
             the
             Emperors
             .
          
           
           
             It
             hapned
             at
             that
             time
             ,
             there
             was
             no
             good
             Understanding
             between
             the
             Emperors
             themselves
             :
             For
             each
             strove
             to
             engross
             the
             Sovereign
             Power
             to
             himself
             ;
             so
             extravagant
             are
             our
             Desires
             of
             Rule
             ,
             and
             so
             incommunicable
             is
             the
             Nature
             of
             that
             Power
             we
             desire
             .
             Balbinus
             laid
             great
             stress
             upon
             his
             two
             Consulships
             ,
             and
             the
             Illustrious
             Family
             from
             whence
             he
             was
             sprung
             ,
             and
             thought
             they
             gave
             him
             the
             Preheminence
             :
             And
             on
             the
             other
             Hand
             ,
             Maximus
             valu'd
             himself
             no
             less
             upon
             his
             Government
             of
             Rome
             ,
             and
             his
             Skill
             and
             Address
             in
             the
             Management
             of
             Affairs
             :
             And
             ,
             in
             short
             ,
             high
             Birth
             and
             great
             Alliances
             push'd
             them
             both
             on
             to
             the
             Desires
             of
             sole
             and
             uncontested
             Dominion
             ;
             which
             Thing
             ruin'd
             them
             both
             :
             For
             when
             Maximus
             was
             advertiz'd
             that
             the
             Praetorian
             Soldiers
             were
             in
             Arms
             ,
             and
             resolv'd
             to
             sacrifice
             them
             to
             their
             present
             Fury
             ,
             he
             would
             have
             sent
             for
             the
             Germans
             that
             quarter'd
             in
             Rome
             to
             quell
             this
             Commotion
             ;
             but
             Balbinus
             oppos'd
             it
             ,
             apprehending
             that
             some
             Intrigue
             or
             Practice
             was
             carrying
             
             on
             against
             him
             ;
             for
             he
             knew
             very
             well
             ,
             that
             the
             Germans
             were
             all
             devoted
             to
             
             Maximus's
             Interests
             ,
             and
             declar'd
             openly
             ,
             that
             they
             were
             not
             sent
             for
             to
             repress
             the
             Insolence
             of
             the
             Praetorians
             ,
             but
             to
             wrest
             the
             Sovereign
             Power
             out
             of
             his
             Hands
             ,
             and
             lodge
             it
             entirely
             in
             Maximus
             .
          
           
             During
             this
             Heat
             and
             Debate
             between
             the
             Emperors
             ,
             the
             Praetorian
             Soldiers
             (
             those
             that
             guarded
             the
             Gates
             giving
             way
             )
             broke
             into
             the
             Palace
             ,
             and
             seiz'd
             the
             Persons
             of
             the
             Emperors
             ,
             and
             tearing
             off
             their
             Clothes
             ,
             which
             were
             courser
             than
             they
             ordinarily
             appear'd
             in
             abroad
             ,
             dragg'd
             them
             naked
             out
             of
             the
             Palace
             ,
             treating
             them
             with
             all
             the
             Contempt
             and
             Indignity
             imaginable
             ,
             even
             to
             the
             striking
             ,
             and
             calling
             them
             in
             derision
             
               The
               Senates
               Creatures
            
             :
             They
             pluck'd
             them
             also
             by
             the
             Beard
             and
             Eye-brows
             ,
             and
             hal'd
             them
             through
             the
             middle
             of
             the
             City
             to
             the
             Camp
             ,
             not
             forbearing
             the
             most
             irreverent
             and
             barbarous
             Usage
             .
             They
             were
             resolv'd
             not
             to
             kill
             them
             in
             the
             Palace
             ,
             but
             to
             reserve
             them
             for
             
             more
             exquisite
             Torments
             ,
             of
             which
             they
             would
             be
             longer
             sensible
             .
          
           
             The
             Germans
             ,
             upon
             notice
             of
             this
             Outrage
             ,
             arm'd
             themselves
             in
             great
             haste
             ,
             and
             came
             running
             to
             assist
             the
             Emperors
             ;
             whereupon
             the
             Praetorian
             Soldiers
             put
             an
             end
             to
             their
             Lives
             and
             Torments
             together
             ,
             all
             the
             Parts
             of
             their
             Bodies
             being
             before
             most
             inhumanely
             mangled
             .
             Their
             dead
             Bodies
             they
             left
             in
             the
             open
             Street
             ,
             and
             mounting
             
               Gordian
               Caesar
            
             aloft
             ,
             proclaim'd
             him
             Emperor
             ,
             (
             because
             at
             that
             time
             they
             could
             find
             no
             body
             else
             )
             and
             cry'd
             aloud
             to
             the
             People
             ,
             
               That
               they
               had
               only
               destroy'd
               those
               Emperors
               that
               were
               made
               such
               against
               their
               will
               ,
               and
               had
               elected
            
             Gordian
             ,
             
               Nephew
               to
               that
               Noble
               Patriot
               of
               the
               same
               Name
               ,
               who
               was
               constrain'd
               by
               the
            
             Roman
             
               People
               to
               take
               upon
               him
               the
               Empire
               .
            
             After
             this
             they
             retir'd
             with
             their
             new
             Emperor
             into
             the
             Camp
             ,
             and
             shut
             up
             their
             Gates
             ,
             making
             no
             farther
             Effort
             at
             this
             time
             :
             And
             the
             Germans
             finding
             they
             were
             too
             late
             ,
             and
             that
             they
             whom
             they
             came
             to
             rescue
             were
             slain
             ,
             esteem'd
             it
             
             not
             advisable
             to
             engage
             in
             a
             fruitless
             War
             ,
             on
             the
             account
             of
             Men
             that
             were
             dead
             :
             So
             they
             return'd
             to
             their
             several
             Quarters
             .
          
           
             Such
             was
             the
             cruel
             and
             undeserved
             Fate
             of
             these
             truly
             Worthy
             and
             Venerable
             Patriots
             ,
             who
             were
             justly
             rais'd
             to
             the
             Empire
             ,
             for
             their
             Noble
             Birth
             ,
             and
             eminent
             Vertues
             :
             And
             
               Gordian
               Caesar
            
             ,
             who
             was
             then
             about
             the
             Age
             of
             Thirteen
             ,
             was
             declar'd
             Emperor
             ,
             and
             began
             his
             Reign
             .
          
           
             FINIS
             .
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
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