An historicall collection of the continuall factions, tumults, and massacres of the Romans and Italians during the space of one hundred and twentie yeares next before the peaceable empire of Augustus Cæsar Selected and deriued out of the best writers and reporters of these accidents, and reduced into the forme of one entire historie, handled in three bookes. Beginning where the historie of T. Liuius doth end, and ending where Cornelius Tacitus doth begin.
         Fulbecke, William, 1560-1603?.
      
       
         
           1601
        
      
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         99838536
         2918
         
           
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             An historicall collection of the continuall factions, tumults, and massacres of the Romans and Italians during the space of one hundred and twentie yeares next before the peaceable empire of Augustus Cæsar Selected and deriued out of the best writers and reporters of these accidents, and reduced into the forme of one entire historie, handled in three bookes. Beginning where the historie of T. Liuius doth end, and ending where Cornelius Tacitus doth begin.
             Fulbecke, William, 1560-1603?.
          
           [16], 20 [i.e. 209], [7] p.
           
             Printed [by R. Field] for VVilliam Ponsonby,
             London :
             1601.
          
           
             Dedication and preface signed: William Fulbecke.
             Printer's name from STC.
             Includes index.
             The first leaf is blank.
             P. 209 misnumbered 20.
             Reproduction of the original in the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Rome -- History -- Republic, 265-30 B.C. -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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           AN
           HISTORICALL
           COLLECTION
           OF
           THE
           CONTINVALL
           FACTIONS
           ,
           TVMVLTS
           ,
           and
           Massacres
           of
           the
           Romans
           and
           Italians
           during
           the
           space
           of
           one
           hundred
           and
           twentie
           
             yeares
             next
             before
             the
             peaceable
             Empire
          
           of
           Augustus
           Caesar
           .
        
         
           Selected
           and
           deriued
           out
           of
           the
           best
           writers
           and
           reporters
           of
           these
           accidents
           ,
           and
           reduced
           into
           the
           forme
           of
           one
           entire
           historie
           ,
           handled
           in
           three
           bookes
           .
        
         
           
             Beginning
             where
             the
             historie
             of
          
           T.
           LIVIVS
           
             doth
             end
             ,
             and
             ending
             where
          
           CORNELIVS
           TACITVS
           
             doth
             begin
          
           .
        
         
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           for
           VVilliam
           Ponsonby
           .
        
         
           1601.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           TO
           THE
           RIGHT
           HONORABLE
           SIR
           THOMAS
           Sackeuill
           Knight
           ,
           of
           the
           most
           noble
           order
           of
           the
           Garter
           ,
           Baron
           of
           Buckhurst
           ,
           Lord
           high
           Treasurer
           
             of
             England
             ,
             one
             of
             her
             Maiesties
             most
             honorable
          
           Priuie
           Counsell
           ,
           Chauncellour
           of
           the
           
             Vniuersitie
             of
             Oxford
             .
             The
             Epistle
          
           Dedicatorie
           .
        
         
           RIGHT
           Honorable
           ,
           I
           hope
           your
           Lordship
           will
           pardon
           my
           feare
           transformed
           into
           boldnesse
           ,
           who
           hauing
           vowed
           by
           good
           right
           vnto
           your
           Honor
           excellently
           deseruing
           of
           the
           more
           polite
           learning
           ,
           and
           milder
           sciences
           ,
           this
           small
           history
           ,
           and
           so
           much
           fearing
           or
           rather
           reuerencing
           your
           censure
           ,
           that
           I
           did
           hold
           it
           better
           to
           smother
           it
           with
           silence
           ,
           then
           to
           endow
           it
           with
           light
           ,
           sith
           your
           Honour
           hath
           trauersed
           such
           an
           infinite
           sea
           of
           histories
           ,
           when
           as
           I
           do
           but
           offer
           certaine
           shallow
           riuelettes
           and
           slender
           parcels
           of
           an
           historie
           :
           yet
           now
           notwithstanding
           ,
           as
           if
           all
           were
           well
           accomplished
           ,
           I
           presume
           to
           deliuer
           it
           into
           your
           Lordships
           hands
           .
           Therefore
           ,
           that
           it
           may
           appeare
           clearely
           and
           euidently
           to
           your
           Lordship
           ,
           what
           cause
           did
           especiallie
           mooue
           me
           to
           entertaine
           this
           determination
           ,
           
           I
           will
           by
           your
           Honours
           fauour
           ,
           in
           few
           words
           ,
           as
           becommeth
           me
           ,
           explane
           and
           vnfold
           the
           secret
           sense
           of
           my
           minde
           .
           The
           fortunes
           of
           noblemen
           ,
           a
           man
           adorned
           with
           nobilitie
           :
           the
           state
           and
           forme
           of
           politike
           affaires
           ,
           some
           eye
           of
           a
           common
           weale
           :
           the
           aspiring
           Icarian
           Romanes
           ,
           he
           ,
           whose
           authoritie
           is
           effectuall
           for
           the
           depressing
           of
           the
           Popish
           Phaetons
           ,
           is
           onely
           fit
           to
           censure
           and
           with
           iudiciall
           stile
           to
           note
           .
           And
           what
           did
           perswade
           me
           to
           this
           labour
           ,
           being
           destinated
           to
           another
           profession
           ,
           and
           euen
           then
           champing
           vpon
           the
           vnpleasant
           barke
           of
           the
           studie
           of
           the
           Law
           ,
           which
           might
           easilie
           procure
           a
           distast
           of
           more
           delightfull
           learning
           ,
           I
           do
           not
           purpose
           to
           conceale
           .
           Plutarch
           in
           that
           part
           or
           region
           of
           his
           worke
           ,
           which
           is
           entitled
           Lucullus
           (
           for
           his
           whole
           volume
           doth
           resemble
           the
           hugenesse
           of
           the
           world
           )
           hath
           reported
           ,
           and
           imparted
           to
           posteritie
           ,
           that
           Lucullus
           ,
           Hortensius
           ,
           and
           Sisenna
           being
           famous
           for
           skill
           in
           Law
           ,
           did
           by
           couenant
           determine
           to
           write
           according
           to
           lot
           the
           historie
           of
           that
           time
           .
           To
           Lucullus
           was
           allotted
           the
           description
           of
           the
           Marsian
           warre
           ,
           who
           content
           with
           this
           taske
           ,
           did
           with
           great
           commendation
           finish
           it
           :
           and
           he
           being
           a
           worthie
           Conquerour
           ,
           did
           in
           the
           Greeke
           language
           display
           the
           notable
           conquestes
           of
           the
           Romanes
           :
           which
           thing
           hauing
           recorded
           and
           digested
           in
           my
           minde
           ,
           I
           found
           by
           infallible
           exexperience
           ,
           that
           one
           studious
           of
           Law
           might
           afford
           some
           leasurable
           time
           to
           the
           diuulging
           of
           an
           historie
           .
           For
           I
           do
           not
           despaire
           to
           follow
           these
           Romanes
           ,
           though
           I
           do
           not
           aspire
           to
           their
           exquisite
           and
           industrious
           perfection
           :
           for
           that
           were
           to
           climbe
           aboue
           the
           climates
           :
           but
           to
           imitate
           any
           man
           ,
           is
           euery
           mans
           talent
           .
           But
           this
           slender
           gift
           ,
           of
           paper
           and
           small
           accompt
           (
           I
           would
           it
           were
           worthie
           of
           your
           
           Honour
           ,
           your
           birth
           ,
           your
           place
           )
           yet
           flowing
           from
           that
           minde
           ,
           of
           which
           it
           was
           conceiued
           ,
           that
           is
           to
           true
           nobilitie
           most
           addicted
           ,
           take
           (
           most
           Honorable
           Lord
           )
           in
           good
           worth
           and
           aboue
           my
           desert
           or
           expectation
           ,
           and
           not
           onely
           with
           looking
           ,
           but
           with
           liking
           vouchsafe
           it
           .
           The
           Lord
           God
           support
           your
           Honour
           with
           vnchaungeable
           safetie
           .
        
         
           
             Your
             Honors
             most
             humble
             to
             commaund
             .
             WILLIAM
             FVLBECKE
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
         
           The
           Praeface
           to
           the
           Reader
           .
        
         
           FOurteene
           yeares
           are
           now
           runne
           out
           sithence
           I
           fully
           ended
           and
           dispatched
           this
           historicall
           labour
           :
           for
           departing
           from
           the
           Vniuersitie
           of
           Oxford
           in
           the
           yeare
           1584
           ,
           and
           addressing
           my selfe
           to
           the
           studie
           of
           the
           Law
           ,
           I
           thought
           it
           more
           conuenient
           and
           reasonable
           at
           once
           to
           finish
           and
           perfect
           this
           worke
           ,
           which
           I
           had
           already
           begun
           ,
           then
           breaking
           my
           course
           with
           delaies
           to
           be
           still
           striking
           on
           the
           anuill
           ,
           knowing
           that
           things
           begun
           ,
           are
           more
           easily
           concluded
           then
           thinges
           interrupted
           can
           be
           conioyned
           ;
           wherefore
           in
           that
           very
           yeare
           and
           some
           few
           daies
           following
           ,
           I
           did
           begin
           ,
           continue
           and
           consummate
           the
           three
           bookes
           of
           this
           historie
           ,
           since
           which
           time
           it
           hath
           lyen
           in
           the
           couert
           of
           my
           studie
           ,
           of
           my selfe
           seldome
           looked
           on
           ,
           of
           others
           some
           times
           read
           ,
           who
           by
           vrgent
           perswasion
           would
           haue
           mooued
           me
           to
           offer
           it
           to
           the
           publike
           view
           of
           my
           countreymen
           ,
           to
           which
           I
           would
           in
           no
           wise
           condiscend
           ,
           alleaging
           for
           reason
           that
           it
           would
           be
           thought
           a
           blemish
           of
           impudencie
           in
           me
           to
           assay
           the
           discription
           of
           such
           things
           ,
           which
           by
           
             Appian
             ,
             Plutarch
             ,
             Paterculus
          
           ,
           &
           others
           haue
           bene
           excellently
           deliuered
           ;
           which
           I
           tooke
           to
           be
           a
           sufficient
           fortresse
           and
           support
           of
           my
           excuse
           and
           refusall
           ,
           but
           againe
           I
           heard
           that
           all
           the
           Romane
           writers
           which
           haue
           reported
           the
           accidents
           of
           this
           historie
           ,
           are
           either
           in
           
           their
           narrations
           too
           long
           and
           prolixe
           ,
           or
           else
           too
           harsh
           and
           vnpleasant
           ,
           or
           else
           so
           exceeding
           briefe
           that
           the
           coherence
           and
           mutuall
           dependance
           of
           things
           could
           hardly
           be
           discerned
           or
           coniectured
           in
           the
           narrow
           compasse
           of
           so
           strict
           desciphering
           .
           This
           I
           heard
           with
           patience
           ,
           and
           answered
           with
           silence
           ,
           for
           I
           durst
           not
           oppose
           my
           blunt
           arguments
           to
           their
           daintie
           appetite
           :
           the
           truth
           standing
           so
           in
           the
           middle
           way
           betwixt
           bs
           both
           ,
           that
           I
           could
           not
           with
           safe
           conscience
           in
           all
           these
           allegations
           dissent
           from
           them
           ,
           nor
           with
           sound
           opinion
           in
           all
           consent
           vnto
           them
           ,
           wherefore
           weighing
           more
           precisely
           in
           minde
           ,
           and
           ballancing
           with
           vnaffectioned
           thoughts
           the
           state
           of
           the
           difference
           betwixt
           vs
           ,
           and
           beholding
           the
           naked
           pourtrature
           of
           the
           thing
           it selfe
           without
           shadow
           of
           circumstances
           ,
           I
           perceiued
           that
           the
           great
           prolixitie
           and
           the
           too
           exceeding
           breuitie
           of
           the
           Romane
           historiographers
           could
           not
           well
           be
           couered
           with
           the
           veile
           of
           any
           reasonable
           excuse
           :
           and
           further
           the
           obiection
           of
           others
           could
           not
           well
           be
           confuted
           ,
           who
           do
           condemne
           in
           their
           writings
           great
           disagreament
           and
           contrariety
           of
           narration
           ,
           wherefore
           remembring
           my
           first
           intent
           in
           the
           collecting
           of
           these
           historicall
           reports
           ,
           which
           was
           to
           single
           and
           sequester
           the
           vndeniable
           truth
           of
           the
           historie
           from
           the
           drosse
           and
           falshood
           which
           was
           in
           many
           places
           intermixed
           and
           enfolded
           in
           it
           :
           and
           to
           do
           this
           in
           such
           sort
           ,
           that
           my
           speciall
           care
           in
           auoyding
           the
           extremities
           of
           length
           and
           breuity
           ,
           two
           lothsome
           faults
           ,
           from
           which
           notwithstanding
           few
           writers
           be
           free
           ,
           might
           fully
           and
           manifestly
           appeare
           :
           and
           considering
           likewise
           that
           histories
           are
           now
           in
           speciall
           
           request
           and
           accompt
           ,
           whereat
           I
           greatly
           reioyce
           ,
           acknowledging
           them
           to
           be
           the
           teachers
           of
           vertuous
           life
           ,
           good
           conuersation
           ,
           discreete
           behauiour
           ,
           politike
           gouernement
           ,
           conuenient
           enterprises
           ,
           aduised
           proceedings
           ,
           warie
           defences
           ,
           grounded
           experience
           ,
           and
           refined
           wisedome
           .
           And
           being
           again
           solicited
           by
           perswasible
           meanes
           ,
           to
           commit
           the
           censure
           of
           this
           my
           historicall
           collection
           to
           the
           curtesie
           of
           others
           ,
           I
           haue
           at
           last
           yeelded
           to
           this
           motion
           ,
           reposing
           my selfe
           rather
           vpon
           kinde
           construction
           ,
           then
           rigorous
           desert
           .
           The
           vse
           of
           this
           historie
           is
           threefold
           ,
           first
           the
           reuealing
           of
           the
           mischiefes
           of
           discord
           and
           ciuill
           discention
           ,
           in
           which
           the
           innocent
           are
           proscribed
           for
           their
           wealth
           ,
           noblemen
           dishonored
           ,
           cities
           become
           waste
           by
           banishment
           and
           bloodshed
           :
           nay
           (
           which
           is
           more
           )
           virgins
           are
           deflowred
           ,
           infants
           are
           taken
           out
           of
           their
           parents
           armes
           ,
           and
           put
           to
           the
           sword
           ,
           matrons
           do
           suffer
           villanie
           ,
           temples
           and
           houses
           are
           spoyled
           ,
           and
           euery
           place
           is
           full
           of
           armed
           men
           ,
           of
           carcasses
           ,
           of
           bloud
           ,
           of
           teares
           .
           Secondly
           the
           opening
           of
           the
           cause
           hereof
           ,
           which
           is
           nothing
           else
           but
           ambition
           ,
           for
           out
           of
           this
           seed
           groweth
           a
           whole
           haruest
           of
           euils
           .
           Thirdly
           the
           declaring
           of
           the
           remedie
           ,
           which
           is
           by
           humble
           estimation
           of
           our selues
           ,
           by
           liuing
           well
           ,
           not
           by
           lurking
           well
           :
           by
           conuersing
           in
           the
           light
           of
           the
           common
           weale
           with
           equals
           ,
           not
           by
           complotting
           in
           darke
           conuenticles
           against
           superiors
           :
           by
           contenting
           our selues
           with
           our
           lot
           ,
           and
           not
           contending
           to
           our
           losse
           :
           by
           hoping
           without
           aspiring
           ,
           and
           by
           suffering
           without
           conspiring
           .
           Let
           Rome
           in
           this
           history
           be
           a
           witnesse
           ,
           that
           a
           slipperie
           ascending
           was
           alwaies
           accompanied
           
           with
           a
           headlong
           discent
           ,
           and
           that
           peace
           is
           a
           great
           deale
           better
           then
           triumph
           ,
           which
           will
           be
           an
           occasion
           I
           trust
           to
           my
           countreymen
           of
           England
           to
           be
           thankfull
           to
           God
           for
           this
           sweete
           quiet
           and
           serenitie
           of
           this
           flourishing
           estate
           ,
           in
           which
           England
           now
           standeth
           ,
           wherein
           the
           day
           striueth
           with
           the
           night
           whether
           shall
           be
           calmer
           :
           and
           let
           it
           mooue
           thee
           whosoeuer
           thou
           art
           ,
           courteous
           Reader
           ,
           to
           pray
           with
           the
           earnest
           endeuor
           of
           thy
           hart
           ,
           that
           the
           Iris
           which
           is
           the
           pledge
           of
           our
           peace
           may
           still
           shine
           amongst
           vs
           ,
           that
           the
           happie
           Virgin
           which
           is
           the
           starre
           of
           safety
           in
           the
           Zodiacke
           of
           this
           common
           weale
           may
           continue
           immoueable
           ,
           that
           our
           Halcyon
           may
           still
           sit
           in
           this
           Albion
           ,
           on
           this
           white
           rocke
           to
           make
           the
           seas
           calme
           ,
           and
           the
           waues
           silent
           ,
           and
           to
           preserue
           the
           league
           of
           heauen
           and
           earth
           ,
           I
           meane
           true
           Religion
           amongst
           vs.
           From
           my
           Chamber
           in
           Graies
           Inne
           13.
           
           Octob.
           Anno
           Dom.
           1600.
           
        
         
           
             Thine
             in
             all
             sincere
             affection
             ,
             WILLIAM
             FVLBECKE
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           Table
           of
           the
           Romaine
           forenames
           written
           with
           one
           letter
           .
        
         
           
             A.
             Aulus
             .
          
           
             C.
             Caius
             .
          
           
             D.
             Decimus
             :
             
               for
               Decius
               it
               cannot
               be
               ,
               because
               that
               was
               the
               name
               of
               a
               familie
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               monuments
               of
               the
               Greeke
               writers
               ,
               it
               is
               written
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               and
               not
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
            
          
           
             L.
             Lucius
             .
          
           
             M.
             M.
             '
             Marcus
             Manius
             .
          
           
             N.
             Numerius
             .
          
           
             P.
             Publius
             .
          
           
             Q.
             Quintus
             .
          
           
             T.
             Titus
             .
          
        
         
           
             Written
             with
             two
             letters
             .
          
           
             Ap.
             Appius
             .
          
           
             Cn.
             Cneus
             .
          
           
             Op.
             Opiter
             .
          
           
             Sp.
             Spurius
             .
          
           
             Ti.
             Tiberius
             .
          
        
         
           
             Written
             with
             three
             letters
             .
          
           
             Mam.
             Mamercus
             .
          
           
             Sex.
             Sextus
             .
          
           
             Ser.
             Seruius
             .
          
           
             Tul.
             Tullus
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           
             The
             names
             of
             the
             bookes
             and
             Authors
          
           out
           of
           which
           this
           historie
           was
           deriued
           .
        
         
           
             Appianus
             .
          
           
             Augustinus
             .
          
           
             Cassiodorus
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             .
          
           
             Cicero
             .
          
           
             Dio
             Nicoeus
             &
             Dio
             Cassius
             .
          
           
             Eutropius
             .
          
           
             Florus
             .
          
           
             Gellius
             .
          
           
             Gentilis
             Albericus
             .
          
           
             Hirtius
             .
          
           
             Iornandes
             .
          
           
             Iosephus
             .
          
           
             Liber
             de
             viris
             illustribus
             .
          
           
             Liber
             antiquitatum
             Romanarum
             .
          
           
             Libri
             gentium
             &
             familiarum
             Romanarum
             .
          
           
             Liuius
             .
          
           
             Lucanus
             .
          
           
             Manutius
             Paulus
             .
          
           
             Obsequeus
             .
          
           
             Orosius
             .
          
           
             Plinius
             .
          
           
             Pedianus
             .
          
           
             Plutarchus
             .
          
           
             Salustius
             .
          
           
             Seneca
             .
          
           
             Sigonius
             .
          
           
             Strabo
             .
          
           
             Velleius
          
           
             Valerius
             Maximus
             .
          
           
             Zonaras
             .
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
         
           CLOTHO
           ,
           
             Or
             the
             first
             booke
          
           .
        
         
           WHen
           vainglorious
           Tarquine
           
           the
           last
           of
           the
           Romaine
           kings
           for
           the
           shamefull
           rape
           of
           Lucrece
           committed
           by
           one
           of
           his
           sonnes
           ,
           was
           banished
           from
           Rome
           &
           Consuls
           succeeded
           ,
           which
           as
           the
           name
           declares
           ,
           had
           charge
           of
           prouiding
           for
           the
           cōmon
           safetie
           &
           securitie
           ,
           the
           Romaines
           changed
           gold
           for
           brasse
           ,
           and
           loathing
           one
           king
           suffered
           manie
           tyrants
           ,
           scourging
           their
           follie
           with
           their
           fall
           ,
           and
           curing
           a
           festred
           sore
           with
           a
           poisoned
           plaister
           :
           for
           what
           could
           be
           more
           vniust
           ,
           or
           more
           contrarie
           to
           the
           free
           estate
           of
           a
           citie
           ,
           then
           to
           subiect
           the
           whole
           common
           weale
           to
           the
           rule
           of
           manie
           potentates
           ,
           and
           to
           exclude
           the
           people
           from
           all
           right
           and
           interest
           in
           publique
           affaires
           ?
           VVhat
           could
           be
           more
           absurd
           then
           the
           
           Senators
           onely
           to
           bestow
           the
           Consulship
           ,
           the
           soueraigntie
           in
           warres
           ,
           the
           supremacie
           in
           superstitious
           offices
           ,
           according
           to
           their
           fancie
           and
           affection
           ,
           to
           call
           Senates
           at
           their
           pleasure
           ,
           to
           conuocate
           assemblies
           when
           it
           seemed
           best
           for
           their
           owne
           profite
           ,
           and
           to
           haue
           power
           of
           life
           and
           death
           vpon
           the
           bodies
           of
           their
           fellow
           citizens
           ,
           &
           the
           people
           to
           liue
           like
           their
           slaues
           ,
           being
           barred
           and
           restrained
           from
           marrying
           with
           the
           daughter
           of
           anie
           Senatour
           ,
           as
           if
           that
           pray
           had
           bene
           too
           high
           for
           so
           low
           a
           wing
           ,
           and
           being
           held
           in
           such
           disdaine
           and
           disreputation
           that
           common
           fellowship
           and
           mutuall
           societie
           was
           denied
           them
           ,
           which
           was
           indeede
           not
           to
           liue
           like
           free
           men
           in
           a
           citie
           ,
           but
           like
           villaines
           and
           bondmen
           in
           a
           wainscot
           prison
           ,
           and
           like
           sillie
           birds
           in
           a
           golden
           cage
           :
           but
           when
           after
           long
           experience
           they
           had
           found
           ,
           that
           winter
           succeeded
           sommer
           ,
           &
           that
           the
           withered
           welfare
           of
           their
           citie
           could
           not
           be
           reuiued
           without
           some
           fortunate
           spring
           :
           to
           the
           intent
           that
           moderation
           might
           be
           induced
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           meaner
           sort
           might
           beare
           some
           stroke
           with
           the
           mightier
           ,
           that
           the
           people
           might
           enioy
           the
           sweete
           of
           the
           citie
           as
           well
           as
           the
           fathers
           ,
           they
           
           procured
           a
           new
           office
           entituled
           the
           Tribuneship
           ,
           whereby
           they
           might
           protect
           themselues
           as
           with
           a
           shield
           against
           the
           arrogant
           endeuors
           and
           outragious
           decrees
           of
           the
           Senatours
           ,
           and
           thē
           the
           fellowship
           of
           mariage
           was
           brought
           in
           with
           the
           Senate
           ,
           which
           before
           was
           prohibited
           the
           people
           ,
           as
           if
           they
           had
           bene
           stained
           with
           some
           cōtagious
           iandise
           ,
           or
           infected
           with
           some
           dangerous
           leprosie
           ,
           and
           their
           suffrage
           was
           thē
           made
           necessarie
           to
           the
           election
           of
           officers
           ,
           which
           before
           was
           as
           rare
           in
           that
           cōmon-weale
           as
           a
           white
           skin
           in
           Aethiopia
           .
           The
           people
           hauing
           thus
           erected
           their
           power
           ,
           did
           by
           degrees
           more
           and
           more
           enhaunce
           it
           ,
           till
           by
           many
           alterations
           it
           was
           turned
           from
           an
           Aristocracie
           ,
           from
           the
           rule
           of
           them
           that
           were
           manie
           and
           mightie
           ,
           to
           a
           plaine
           and
           visible
           Democracie
           or
           estate
           popular
           ,
           administred
           by
           the
           voyces
           of
           the
           multitude
           and
           magistrates
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           vnited
           consent
           of
           the
           whole
           corporatiō
           .
           Now
           when
           the
           people
           had
           by
           continuall
           incrochments
           assumed
           and
           seased
           into
           their
           handes
           the
           giuing
           and
           bestowing
           of
           the
           greater
           offices
           ,
           as
           the
           Consulship
           ,
           that
           strong
           tower
           of
           the
           Senatous
           authoritie
           ,
           and
           besides
           that
           the
           
           Dictatorship
           ,
           the
           Censorship
           ,
           the
           warlike
           Empire
           ,
           the
           priestly
           dignitie
           ,
           and
           many
           other
           most
           excellent
           honors
           ,
           which
           before
           did
           solely
           belong
           to
           the
           Peeres
           of
           Rome
           ,
           and
           now
           there
           wanted
           nothing
           to
           make
           their
           power
           equall
           ,
           but
           onely
           that
           Plebiscites
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           decrees
           made
           by
           the
           people
           ,
           should
           binde
           the
           greater
           powers
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           the
           people
           themselues
           ,
           frō
           which
           at
           that
           time
           the
           whole
           companie
           of
           the
           Nobles
           were
           exempted
           .
           Therefore
           to
           make
           them
           generall
           ,
           and
           of
           like
           force
           against
           all
           ,
           they
           wrested
           from
           the
           fathers
           after
           much
           businesse
           ,
           the
           law
           Hortensia
           ,
           by
           which
           it
           was
           enacted
           that
           in
           euery
           important
           matter
           the
           people
           should
           be
           equally
           interested
           with
           the
           Senate
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           lawes
           so
           made
           and
           ratified
           by
           them
           ,
           should
           stretch
           as
           well
           to
           the
           Senators
           ,
           as
           to
           the
           people
           themselues
           .
           After
           that
           the
           common-weale
           was
           brought
           to
           this
           good
           and
           temperate
           constitution
           ,
           many
           profitable
           lawes
           were
           established
           ,
           many
           victories
           followed
           ,
           many
           cities
           bowed
           vnto
           them
           ,
           manie
           monarchies
           sued
           for
           their
           fauour
           ,
           manie
           tyrants
           feared
           their
           puissance
           ,
           &
           manie
           countreys
           dreaded
           their
           inuasion
           .
           Then
           there
           flourished
           
           in
           Rome
           most
           admirable
           examples
           of
           abstinencie
           ,
           modestie
           ,
           iustice
           ,
           fortitude
           ,
           and
           which
           was
           the
           seale
           of
           their
           securitie
           ,
           an
           vniuersall
           vnitie
           and
           agreement
           .
           Then
           the
           same
           of
           their
           Curij
           ,
           their
           Coruncani
           ,
           their
           Fabritij
           ,
           their
           Metelli
           ,
           their
           Fabij
           ,
           their
           Marcelli
           ,
           their
           Scipioes
           ,
           their
           Pauli
           ,
           their
           Lepidi
           ,
           did
           ring
           in
           the
           world
           ,
           whose
           great
           magnanimitie
           &
           wisedome
           in
           the
           tumult
           of
           warres
           ,
           together
           with
           their
           singular
           temperance
           ,
           and
           loyaltie
           in
           the
           calme
           of
           peace
           ,
           is
           to
           be
           wondred
           at
           of
           all
           ,
           and
           of
           all
           to
           be
           reuerenced
           .
           But
           when
           either
           the
           Senate
           or
           people
           did
           passe
           the
           lists
           and
           limits
           of
           aequall
           regiment
           ,
           the
           ancient
           and
           vertuous
           orders
           of
           the
           citie
           were
           immediatly
           troden
           vnder
           foote
           ,
           and
           their
           good
           and
           laudable
           customes
           were
           encountred
           and
           put
           to
           flight
           by
           dissolute
           and
           vnbridled
           enormities
           :
           then
           the
           Asiaticall
           triumphs
           did
           incorporate
           into
           the
           citie
           a
           womanish
           wantonnesse
           ,
           then
           proude
           ambition
           mounted
           her
           plume
           of
           disdaine
           vppon
           the
           top
           of
           the
           Capitolle
           ,
           then
           their
           excessiue
           pride
           and
           iouissance
           for
           their
           victories
           had
           against
           Pyrrhus
           ,
           for
           their
           cōquest
           of
           Carthage
           ,
           for
           the
           ouerthrow
           of
           Philip
           ,
           Perseus
           ,
           
           Antiochus
           ,
           mightie
           kings
           ,
           for
           the
           winning
           of
           Spaine
           ,
           Sicilie
           ,
           Sardinia
           ,
           Illyria
           ,
           Macedonia
           and
           Greece
           ,
           being
           as
           yet
           fresh
           in
           their
           memories
           ,
           were
           as
           bellowes
           to
           puffe
           vp
           their
           swelling
           humours
           .
           Thē
           there
           succeeded
           a
           dismall
           discord
           ,
           which
           beginning
           when
           the
           estate
           was
           at
           the
           highest
           ,
           did
           not
           end
           or
           expire
           ,
           till
           it
           fell
           to
           the
           lowest
           ebbe
           ,
           sticking
           fast
           in
           the
           sands
           of
           a
           grieuous
           desolation
           .
           If
           a
           man
           will
           retrospectiuely
           measure
           the
           space
           of
           former
           times
           ,
           &
           the
           whole
           compasse
           of
           yeares
           ,
           wherein
           the
           fortunes
           of
           the
           Romanes
           were
           by
           God
           his
           hand
           turned
           about
           ,
           he
           shall
           finde
           that
           all
           the
           weight
           of
           their
           affaires
           ,
           before
           the
           incohation
           of
           the
           Empire
           of
           Augustus
           ,
           may
           be
           dispersed
           into
           sixe
           ages
           ;
           wherof
           the
           first
           containing
           the
           number
           of
           fiftie
           yeares
           ,
           was
           spent
           in
           the
           making
           of
           a
           towne
           ;
           for
           that
           gorgeous
           seate
           which
           nowe
           we
           call
           Rome
           ,
           was
           then
           but
           a
           plot
           of
           
           ground
           ,
           to
           which
           houses
           were
           wanting
           ,
           but
           afterward
           a
           great
           multitude
           of
           Latine
           &
           Tuscane
           shepheards
           ,
           together
           with
           Phrygians
           &
           Arcadians
           ,
           flowing
           to
           that
           place
           ,
           as
           to
           a
           temple
           reuerenced
           by
           pilgrims
           and
           trauellers
           ,
           the
           common-weale
           was
           compacted
           of
           these
           seuerall
           
           people
           ,
           as
           a
           bodie
           of
           diuerse
           elements
           .
           Romulus
           the
           founder
           of
           their
           citie
           &
           empire
           ,
           did
           delight
           wholly
           in
           mountaines
           ,
           riuers
           ,
           woods
           ,
           marishes
           and
           wastes
           ,
           playing
           perhaps
           the
           espiall
           ,
           to
           discouer
           and
           find
           out
           in
           what
           place
           it
           were
           best
           to
           erect
           a
           citie
           ,
           and
           how
           to
           conuey
           things
           necessarie
           vnto
           it
           ,
           and
           how
           to
           adorne
           it
           with
           continual
           increment
           and
           addition
           of
           demeisnes
           ;
           to
           such
           imaginations
           the
           fields
           and
           places
           desolate
           were
           most
           accordant
           ,
           and
           to
           his
           sauage
           societie
           this
           practise
           of
           life
           was
           most
           acceptable
           .
        
         
           The
           second
           age
           which
           chalengeth
           other
           fiftie
           yeares
           ,
           did
           ingender
           in
           them
           working
           spirits
           and
           loftie
           cogitations
           ,
           which
           eneagred
           and
           inflamed
           their
           mindes
           ,
           against
           the
           confiners
           &
           borderers
           :
           then
           it
           first
           began
           to
           beare
           the
           countenance
           and
           shape
           of
           a
           kingdome
           ,
           which
           was
           after
           enlarged
           to
           the
           shore
           of
           the
           Midland
           and
           Adriaticke
           seas
           ,
           which
           they
           rather
           vsed
           as
           bridges
           to
           other
           nations
           ,
           then
           as
           bounders
           to
           their
           owne
           .
        
         
           The
           third
           age
           whose
           steps
           were
           an
           hundred
           and
           fiftie
           yeares
           ,
           was
           the
           crowne
           and
           consummation
           of
           their
           kingdome
           ,
           in
           which
           whatsoeuer
           
           was
           done
           was
           done
           by
           thē
           for
           the
           pompe
           ,
           glorie
           and
           magnificence
           of
           that
           estate
           :
           as
           yet
           the
           Romane
           pride
           was
           in
           her
           blade
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           tendernesse
           of
           her
           minoritie
           ,
           this
           threefold
           age
           was
           spent
           vnder
           seuen
           kings
           ,
           differing
           by
           fatall
           prouidence
           in
           the
           disposition
           of
           their
           nature
           ,
           as
           the
           frame
           and
           condition
           of
           that
           common-weale
           did
           especially
           require
           :
           for
           who
           was
           euer
           more
           fierce
           and
           ardent
           then
           Romulus
           ?
           Such
           a
           one
           they
           needed
           to
           inuade
           
           the
           kingdomes
           of
           others
           .
           VVho
           more
           religious
           then
           Numa
           ?
           Such
           the
           time
           did
           aske
           ,
           
           that
           the
           furie
           of
           the
           people
           might
           be
           mitigated
           by
           the
           feare
           of
           God
           :
           VVherefore
           was
           Tullus
           that
           artificiall
           champion
           giuen
           vnto
           
           them
           ?
           That
           he
           might
           sharpen
           their
           valour
           by
           his
           wit.
           VVherefore
           Aucus
           the
           great
           builder
           ?
           
           That
           he
           might
           extend
           their
           citie
           with
           colonies
           ,
           ioyne
           it
           together
           with
           bridges
           ,
           enuiron
           it
           with
           walles
           .
           The
           ornaments
           ;
           ensignes
           and
           
           braueries
           of
           Tarquinius
           ,
           did
           with
           rayes
           of
           dignitie
           illustrate
           and
           decore
           that
           estate
           .
           Seruius
           
           taxing
           them
           by
           polles
           ,
           brought
           to
           passe
           that
           the
           Romane
           commō
           weale
           might
           know
           her
           riches
           .
           And
           the
           importune
           domination
           of
           
           proud
           Tarquine
           did
           verie
           much
           profite
           ,
           for
           
           the
           people
           afflicted
           by
           iniuries
           ,
           did
           force
           a
           passage
           to
           their
           libertie
           .
        
         
           The
           fourth
           age
           was
           as
           it
           were
           the
           youth
           of
           the
           Romane
           monarchie
           ,
           when
           the
           flower
           of
           their
           prowesse
           being
           greene
           ,
           and
           the
           bloud
           of
           their
           mindes
           blossoming
           in
           their
           faces
           and
           armes
           ,
           the
           shepheardly
           sauagenesse
           did
           as
           yet
           breathe
           foorth
           the
           reliques
           of
           an
           vndaunted
           stomacke
           .
           Then
           flourished
           these
           Romane
           hazards
           ,
           and
           miracles
           Cocles
           ,
           Sceuola
           ,
           Cloaetia
           ,
           which
           chronicles
           do
           therefore
           witnesse
           ,
           that
           posteritie
           may
           wonder
           .
           Then
           were
           the
           Tuscanes
           repulsed
           and
           the
           Latines
           and
           Volsciās
           daily
           and
           deadly
           enemies
           ,
           vanquished
           by
           the
           triumphant
           husbandman
           L.
           Quintius
           Cincinnatus
           ,
           
           which
           war
           he
           ended
           within
           fifteene
           dayes
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           had
           made
           hast
           to
           returne
           to
           his
           tillage
           .
           Then
           were
           ouercome
           the
           Vientines
           ,
           the
           Faliscians
           ,
           and
           the
           Fidenates
           :
           then
           the
           Galles
           a
           couragious
           nation
           ,
           vsing
           their
           bodies
           for
           armour
           ,
           in
           all
           respects
           so
           terrible
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           seeme
           to
           be
           borne
           for
           the
           death
           of
           men
           ,
           and
           destruction
           of
           cities
           ,
           were
           vtterly
           vanquished
           :
           then
           were
           ouercome
           the
           
           Sabines
           and
           Samnites
           wasting
           and
           dispoiling
           
           the
           fields
           of
           Campania
           ,
           being
           the
           goodliest
           plot
           ,
           the
           Diamond-sparke
           and
           the
           hony-spot
           of
           all
           Italie
           :
           there
           is
           no
           land
           more
           temperate
           for
           aire
           ,
           for
           it
           hath
           a
           double
           spring-tide
           :
           no
           soile
           more
           fertile
           ,
           and
           therfore
           it
           is
           called
           the
           combat
           of
           Bacchus
           &
           Ceres
           ,
           no
           region
           more
           hospitable
           in
           regard
           of
           the
           sea
           ,
           here
           be
           the
           noble
           hauens
           Caieta
           ,
           Misenus
           ,
           &
           the
           healthfull
           bathes
           Lucrine
           and
           Auerne
           ,
           the
           resting
           places
           of
           the
           sea
           .
           Here
           the
           mountaines
           clad
           with
           vines
           Gaurus
           ,
           Falernus
           ,
           Massitus
           ,
           and
           the
           firie
           hill
           Vesurius
           :
           here
           the
           famous
           citie
           Capua
           third
           sister
           to
           Rome
           and
           Carthage
           doth
           imperiously
           stand
           .
           They
           begirt
           Samniū
           with
           warre
           and
           bloud
           on
           all
           sides
           ,
           till
           they
           had
           ruinated
           her
           verie
           ruines
           ,
           and
           reuilled
           in
           her
           bowels
           ,
           and
           twelue
           seuerall
           nations
           of
           Tuscana
           waging
           hote
           and
           furious
           battell
           against
           them
           ,
           in
           such
           sort
           and
           terrible
           maner
           ,
           as
           if
           darts
           had
           bene
           throwne
           at
           the
           Romans
           from
           the
           coulds
           ,
           were
           likewise
           suppressed
           .
           In
           this
           age
           happened
           the
           Tarentine
           warre
           ,
           in
           which
           
           the
           armie
           of
           Pyrrhus
           continually
           slaying
           was
           continually
           slaine
           ,
           and
           reuenge
           did
           liue
           in
           the
           
           death
           of
           the
           Romanes
           :
           so
           that
           Pyrrhus
           did
           thinke
           him selfe
           to
           be
           borne
           vnder
           Hercules
           his
           starre
           ,
           who
           hauing
           cut
           off
           the
           seuen
           heads
           of
           Hydra
           ,
           seuen
           other
           did
           spring
           vp
           .
           But
           from
           this
           Captaine
           the
           Romanes
           plucked
           such
           spoiles
           ,
           that
           neuer
           fairer
           were
           caried
           in
           triumph
           .
           For
           before
           this
           day
           nothing
           passed
           in
           triumph
           ,
           but
           the
           heards
           of
           the
           Volscian
           cattell
           ,
           and
           the
           flocks
           of
           the
           Sabine
           sheepe
           ,
           the
           broken
           wagons
           of
           the
           Gaules
           ,
           &
           the
           crushed
           harnesse
           of
           the
           Samnites
           :
           but
           in
           this
           triumph
           ,
           if
           you
           respect
           the
           prisoners
           ,
           they
           were
           Molossians
           ,
           Thessalians
           ,
           Macedonians
           ,
           Brutians
           ,
           Apulians
           ,
           Lucans
           :
           if
           you
           regard
           the
           pompe
           ,
           it
           was
           gold
           ,
           purple
           ,
           curious
           pictures
           ,
           tablets
           ,
           and
           the
           delights
           of
           Tarentum
           .
           Next
           to
           this
           was
           the
           victorie
           of
           the
           Pisani
           and
           Salentini
           :
           this
           age
           shewed
           her
           force
           the
           space
           of
           two
           hundred
           and
           fiftie
           yeares
           .
        
         
           Then
           followed
           the
           fifth
           age
           ,
           in
           which
           the
           bodie
           of
           the
           common-weale
           grew
           to
           great
           strength
           ,
           the
           ioints
           and
           sinewes
           being
           by
           mature
           soliditie
           setled
           in
           firme
           estate
           .
           Therefore
           the
           conquering
           nation
           hauing
           now
           attained
           to
           the
           verie
           manhood
           of
           manlinesse
           ,
           and
           displayed
           
           her
           standerd
           round
           about
           the
           sides
           of
           Italie
           ,
           to
           the
           skirts
           of
           the
           sea
           ,
           pawsed
           a
           litle
           ,
           as
           a
           great
           scalefire
           ,
           which
           consuming
           all
           the
           woods
           and
           groues
           in
           the
           way
           that
           it
           goeth
           ,
           is
           abrupted
           and
           put
           out
           of
           course
           by
           a
           floud
           cōming
           betweene
           .
           But
           soone
           after
           seeing
           a
           rich
           pray
           on
           the
           other
           side
           of
           the
           sea
           ,
           supposing
           it
           to
           be
           a
           peece
           of
           gold
           pulled
           from
           her
           masse
           ,
           they
           did
           so
           vehemently
           desire
           the
           same
           ,
           that
           because
           it
           could
           not
           be
           ioyned
           vnto
           their
           dominion
           by
           bridges
           for
           the
           interruption
           of
           the
           sea
           ,
           therefore
           they
           resolued
           to
           ioyne
           it
           by
           sword
           and
           battell
           :
           and
           so
           was
           Sicilia
           subdued
           by
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           cause
           and
           originall
           of
           the
           first
           Carthaginian
           warre
           ,
           which
           the
           warres
           of
           the
           Ligurians
           ,
           Insubrians
           and
           Illyrians
           did
           follow
           :
           and
           after
           the
           second
           Carthaginian
           
           warre
           ,
           so
           dangerous
           and
           bloudie
           to
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           that
           if
           a
           man
           compare
           the
           losse
           of
           both
           nations
           ,
           they
           which
           did
           conquer
           ,
           were
           more
           like
           to
           persons
           conquered
           .
           For
           it
           grieued
           that
           noble
           brood
           ,
           and
           valiant
           people
           of
           Carthage
           to
           be
           abridged
           of
           the
           sea
           ,
           depriued
           of
           the
           Ilands
           ,
           to
           pay
           tribute
           ,
           and
           to
           vndergo
           not
           onely
           the
           bridle
           ,
           but
           the
           yoke
           :
           to
           this
           age
           
           must
           be
           ascribed
           the
           circuit
           of
           one
           hundred
           yeares
           ,
           which
           may
           be
           termed
           the
           golden
           age
           of
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           &
           the
           first
           age
           in
           which
           they
           shewing
           their
           streamers
           on
           each
           side
           of
           the
           Ocean
           ,
           did
           transport
           their
           warres
           into
           all
           nations
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           in
           whose
           yeares
           the
           Romanes
           were
           honest
           ,
           religious
           ,
           iust
           ,
           sincere
           ,
           vertuous
           ,
           and
           dutifull
           .
        
         
           The
           sixt
           age
           containing
           120.
           yeares
           was
           troublesome
           and
           vgly
           ,
           bloudie
           &
           detestable
           ,
           vices
           growing
           with
           their
           Empire
           .
           For
           with
           the
           wars
           valiantly
           fought
           against
           Iugurtha
           ,
           &
           Mithridates
           ,
           against
           the
           Carthaginians
           ,
           Cimbrians
           ,
           Parthians
           ,
           Galles
           &
           Germanes
           ,
           by
           which
           the
           Romane
           glorie
           ascended
           and
           pierced
           the
           skie
           ,
           the
           ciuill
           slaughters
           of
           the
           Gracchi
           ,
           and
           of
           Drusus
           ,
           of
           Marius
           ,
           Sylla
           and
           others
           were
           mingled
           and
           enterlarded
           :
           how
           mournefull
           a
           spectacle
           was
           it
           ,
           that
           they
           fought
           the
           same
           time
           with
           fellowes
           in
           league
           ,
           with
           fellowes
           in
           the
           citie
           ,
           with
           bondmen
           ,
           with
           fencers
           ,
           all
           the
           Senate
           afterward
           contending
           and
           being
           in
           hurliburly
           with
           it selfe
           ?
           These
           times
           receiued
           of
           the
           other
           ages
           an
           exquisite
           commō
           weale
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           a
           curious
           picture
           ,
           which
           after
           mildring
           
           and
           decaying
           by
           age
           ,
           they
           did
           not
           only
           neglect
           to
           renew
           ,
           with
           the
           same
           colours
           ,
           but
           they
           also
           forgot
           to
           preserue
           the
           outwarde
           forme
           and
           lineaments
           thereof
           ,
           for
           what
           remained
           of
           the
           auncient
           maners
           ,
           which
           were
           both
           vnused
           and
           vnknowne
           :
           for
           by
           their
           recent
           vices
           they
           lost
           the
           common-weale
           in
           fact
           ,
           and
           in
           name
           retained
           it
           .
           How
           lamentable
           was
           the
           face
           of
           things
           at
           that
           instant
           ?
           when
           euerie
           man
           confusedly
           being
           found
           in
           the
           field
           ,
           in
           the
           streetes
           ,
           in
           townes
           ,
           in
           houses
           ,
           in
           highwaies
           ,
           in
           markets
           ,
           in
           temples
           ,
           in
           beds
           ,
           sitting
           at
           the
           table
           or
           in
           the
           porch
           ,
           was
           suddenly
           and
           sauagely
           murdered
           ?
           what
           howlings
           were
           there
           of
           them
           that
           died
           ?
           what
           teares
           of
           them
           that
           liued
           ,
           and
           beheld
           this
           ?
           The
           cause
           of
           these
           miseries
           was
           too
           great
           prosperitie
           .
           VVhat
           made
           the
           people
           so
           earnest
           to
           extort
           the
           lawes
           of
           fields
           and
           corne
           ,
           but
           verie
           famine
           procured
           by
           riot
           on
           the
           one
           part
           ,
           and
           couetousnesse
           on
           the
           other
           ?
           for
           such
           was
           the
           lauish
           mis-spending
           ,
           &
           excessiue
           vianding
           of
           some
           ,
           that
           it
           can
           hardly
           be
           defined
           ,
           whether
           more
           did
           perish
           by
           the
           blade
           or
           by
           the
           banquet
           ,
           and
           such
           againe
           was
           the
           couetousnesse
           ,
           &
           greedie
           
           exacting
           of
           others
           ,
           that
           none
           can
           iudicially
           decide
           ,
           whether
           the
           Romanes
           were
           more
           endamaged
           by
           the
           enemie
           in
           time
           of
           warre
           ,
           or
           by
           the
           vsurer
           in
           peaceable
           seasons
           .
           Hence
           grew
           the
           two
           ciuil
           broiles
           of
           the
           Gracchi
           ,
           and
           that
           of
           Saturninus
           being
           the
           third
           ,
           and
           that
           of
           Drusus
           being
           the
           fourth
           ,
           who
           maintained
           the
           Senate
           against
           the
           Knights
           :
           and
           for
           the
           further
           abetting
           and
           auow
           of
           this
           quarell
           ,
           he
           promised
           the
           freedome
           of
           the
           Citie
           to
           diuerse
           Italians
           animated
           to
           this
           attempt
           ,
           so
           that
           in
           one
           Citie
           there
           was
           as
           much
           discord
           as
           in
           two
           seuerall
           
           campes
           .
           This
           bred
           the
           Italian
           warre
           ,
           because
           promise
           was
           not
           perfourmed
           .
           And
           
           next
           ensued
           the
           warre
           of
           Mithridates
           ,
           seeing
           the
           Romans
           on
           each
           side
           intangled
           with
           garboiles
           ,
           which
           presently
           bred
           the
           enmitie
           betwixt
           Marius
           and
           Sylla
           ,
           when
           Marius
           would
           haue
           deuested
           Sylla
           of
           his
           Generalship
           giuen
           
           him
           by
           the
           Senat
           for
           the
           oppugnation
           of
           Mithridates
           .
           These
           two
           gaue
           Mithridates
           encoragement
           ,
           by
           leauing
           the
           ribbes
           of
           the
           comweale
           naked
           and
           open
           vnto
           him
           ,
           Marius
           led
           an
           armie
           ,
           ambition
           led
           Marius
           :
           ambition
           I
           say
           ingendred
           by
           riches
           ,
           did
           raise
           contention
           
           betwixt
           them
           :
           from
           this
           the
           warre
           of
           Sertorius
           and
           Pompey
           had
           his
           originall
           ,
           whereof
           the
           one
           was
           proscribed
           by
           Sylla
           ,
           the
           other
           protected
           .
           For
           Pompey
           was
           accompted
           Syllaes
           minion
           or
           fauorite
           ,
           whom
           he
           therefore
           called
           Magnus
           ,
           that
           himselfe
           might
           seeme
           greater
           ,
           being
           the
           Saint
           whom
           Pompey
           serued
           .
           Sylla
           was
           cruell
           in
           reuenging
           crueltie
           ,
           and
           his
           medicine
           was
           worse
           then
           the
           maladie
           itselfe
           .
           This
           stirred
           the
           dissention
           of
           Lepidus
           
           and
           Catulus
           ,
           whereof
           the
           one
           would
           haue
           ratified
           ,
           the
           other
           reuersed
           ,
           all
           the
           acts
           of
           Sylla
           .
           Then
           Catiline
           whom
           his
           lust
           occasioned
           by
           
           Syllaes
           indulgence
           brought
           to
           beggerie
           ,
           opposed
           himselfe
           to
           the
           Consuls
           .
           Then
           Pompey
           
           entred
           the
           lists
           ,
           as
           a
           follower
           of
           Sylla
           ,
           who
           obtained
           excellent
           dignitie
           in
           these
           times
           ,
           but
           ciuill
           ,
           and
           such
           as
           the
           regular
           course
           of
           that
           common-weale
           did
           affoord
           ,
           whose
           power
           &
           authoritie
           Caesar
           could
           not
           tollerate
           ,
           because
           
           he
           could
           not
           match
           it
           :
           which
           notwithstanding
           he
           being
           ouercome
           and
           slaine
           ,
           Caesar
           passed
           and
           transcended
           .
           But
           when
           this
           vsurper
           had
           bleached
           the
           floore
           of
           the
           Senate
           house
           with
           his
           owne
           bloud
           ,
           who
           before
           had
           ouerflowed
           
           and
           deluged
           the
           whole
           world
           ,
           with
           the
           crimson
           goare
           of
           most
           admirable
           men
           ,
           the
           common-weale
           did
           seeme
           to
           haue
           rolled
           herselfe
           into
           the
           state
           of
           her
           pristinate
           libertie
           ,
           and
           it
           had
           returned
           vnto
           the
           same
           ,
           if
           either
           Pompey
           had
           not
           left
           sonnes
           ,
           or
           Caesar
           had
           not
           made
           an
           heire
           ,
           or
           ,
           which
           was
           worse
           ,
           if
           Antonius
           the
           thunder-dart
           of
           furie
           had
           not
           suruiued
           ,
           being
           once
           colleague
           with
           Caesar
           in
           the
           Consulship
           ,
           now
           successor
           of
           his
           vsurpation
           .
           But
           while
           Pompeys
           sonne
           striueth
           for
           the
           honor
           of
           the
           name
           ,
           the
           sea
           ratleth
           with
           armour
           :
           whilest
           Octauius
           reuēgeth
           the
           death
           of
           his
           adoptiue
           father
           ,
           Thessalie
           is
           againe
           made
           the
           basis
           of
           tents
           and
           pauillions
           ,
           and
           all
           Europe
           and
           Affricke
           groneth
           vnder
           the
           weight
           of
           iron
           ,
           whilest
           Antonius
           in
           the
           habit
           of
           his
           mind
           diuerse
           and
           discoloured
           ,
           doth
           either
           disdaine
           Octauius
           or
           doate
           vpon
           Cleopatra
           ,
           whose
           beautie
           if
           he
           could
           haue
           exceeded
           by
           his
           chastitie
           ,
           his
           shame
           should
           not
           haue
           blazed
           like
           a
           beacon
           at
           this
           day
           in
           the
           eyes
           of
           posteritie
           ,
           but
           he
           had
           won
           the
           garlād
           of
           cōquest
           ,
           not
           meriting
           more
           then
           triumph
           .
           The
           armie
           of
           Octauius
           hauing
           slaine
           Pompeis
           sonne
           ,
           did
           in
           him
           slay
           enmity
           ,
           
           and
           Cassius
           being
           ouercome
           by
           fight
           ,
           Brutus
           by
           despaire
           ,
           they
           did
           extirpate
           faction
           .
           Yet
           Antonius
           not
           chalenging
           part
           with
           anie
           ,
           but
           principalitie
           ouer
           all
           ,
           imagining
           that
           he
           wanted
           no
           kingly
           thing
           saue
           onely
           a
           kingdome
           ,
           remained
           as
           a
           rocke
           or
           gulfe
           in
           the
           mouth
           of
           the
           hauē
           ,
           whom
           he
           with
           some
           labor
           subdued
           .
           And
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           yearely
           conuersion
           of
           the
           heauens
           ,
           it
           commeth
           to
           passe
           ,
           that
           the
           starres
           iogged
           together
           do
           murmure
           and
           threaten
           tempest
           ,
           so
           with
           the
           alteration
           of
           the
           Romane
           state
           ,
           before
           Octauius
           founded
           his
           Monarchie
           ,
           the
           whole
           globe
           of
           the
           earth
           with
           ciuill
           and
           forraine
           warre
           ,
           with
           fight
           on
           sea
           and
           land
           was
           terribly
           shaken
           .
           But
           the
           accidents
           and
           occurrences
           of
           these
           last
           hundred
           and
           twentie
           yeares
           ,
           in
           the
           sequele
           of
           this
           historie
           shall
           be
           ,
           if
           God
           fauour
           these
           lines
           ,
           more
           particularly
           &
           distinctly
           reported
           .
           The
           first
           that
           made
           the
           
           Romanes
           mightie
           was
           the
           former
           Scipio
           that
           scourged
           Affrica
           with
           continuall
           warres
           and
           vexations
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           end
           subdued
           it
           :
           the
           first
           that
           made
           them
           wanton
           and
           effeminate
           ,
           was
           the
           later
           Scipio
           ,
           by
           whom
           Carthage
           was
           subuerted
           ,
           
           yet
           not
           by
           his
           fault
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           casualty
           
           of
           the
           time
           .
           For
           when
           the
           riuall
           and
           enuious
           ielousie
           of
           the
           Carthaginian
           glory
           ,
           was
           by
           his
           
           matchlesse
           victorie
           finally
           determined
           ,
           the
           Romanes
           did
           sodainly
           degenerate
           ,
           and
           with
           an
           hungrie
           gorge
           fed
           on
           the
           poisonfull
           baites
           of
           bitter
           sweete
           ambition
           ,
           following
           wantons
           like
           wilde
           horses
           ,
           and
           addicted
           to
           pleasure
           as
           their
           onely
           paragon
           ,
           the
           auncient
           gouernement
           of
           the
           Citie
           was
           vtterly
           forsaken
           ,
           the
           watchings
           of
           the
           campe
           were
           ended
           vpon
           beds
           of
           downe
           ,
           their
           heauie
           armour
           was
           turned
           to
           light
           and
           fashionable
           attire
           ,
           and
           the
           wonted
           businesse
           of
           the
           Citie
           was
           chaunged
           into
           idlenesse
           .
           Then
           did
           Scipio
           Nasica
           build
           porches
           in
           the
           Capitolle
           ,
           then
           did
           Metellus
           threaten
           the
           heauēs
           with
           haughtie
           buildings
           ,
           thē
           did
           Cn.
           Octauius
           erect
           a
           most
           sumptuous
           forefront
           ,
           &
           then
           did
           the
           riot
           of
           the
           Cōmons
           imitate
           the
           magnificence
           of
           the
           nobles
           .
           In
           the
           middest
           of
           this
           delicate
           iolitie
           ,
           when
           the
           Romanes
           were
           now
           in
           the
           ruffe
           of
           their
           pride
           ,
           a
           grieuous
           and
           despitefull
           warre
           was
           raised
           in
           Spaine
           by
           Viriathus
           of
           Lusitania
           ,
           a
           notable
           
           theefe
           &
           ringleader
           to
           a
           multitude
           of
           rogues
           ,
           which
           hong
           a
           long
           time
           in
           suspence
           :
           but
           in
           the
           
           end
           when
           Viriathus
           was
           slaine
           ,
           rather
           by
           the
           couine
           then
           courage
           of
           Seruilius
           Caepio
           ,
           a
           greater
           danger
           ensued
           ,
           namely
           the
           warre
           of
           the
           Numantines
           .
           The
           citie
           of
           Numantia
           did
           
           neuer
           affoord
           armour
           to
           any
           more
           ,
           then
           ten
           thousand
           citizens
           at
           one
           battell
           ;
           but
           either
           through
           the
           fiercenesse
           of
           their
           nature
           ,
           or
           the
           default
           of
           the
           Romane
           captaines
           ,
           or
           the
           indulgence
           of
           fortune
           ,
           they
           brought
           Pompey
           
           the
           first
           of
           the
           Pompeys
           that
           was
           Consull
           ,
           a
           mā
           of
           note
           &
           fame
           to
           most
           shameful
           leagues
           ,
           &
           Mancinus
           Hostilius
           ,
           to
           a
           detestable
           truce
           ,
           which
           vpon
           a
           remorce
           of
           minde
           ,
           and
           change
           of
           opinion
           ,
           against
           the
           law
           of
           Armes
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           great
           discredit
           of
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           he
           afterward
           broke
           :
           but
           Pompey
           escaped
           vnpunished
           by
           fauour
           ,
           Mancinus
           was
           punished
           by
           shame
           .
           
           For
           he
           was
           caried
           and
           transported
           by
           the
           Romane
           Heraulds
           vnto
           the
           Numantines
           ,
           his
           hands
           being
           manacled
           ,
           and
           so
           was
           deliuered
           vp
           into
           the
           enemies
           power
           ,
           whom
           they
           refused
           to
           receiue
           ,
           saying
           that
           a
           publique
           breach
           of
           promise
           was
           not
           to
           be
           punished
           by
           the
           bloud
           of
           one
           man.
           This
           yeelding
           vp
           of
           Mancinus
           into
           the
           enemies
           hands
           ,
           did
           cause
           in
           the
           
           citie
           a
           perillous
           and
           pernitious
           dissension
           .
           
           For
           Ti.
           Gracchus
           the
           sonne
           of
           the
           right
           noble
           man
           Ti.
           Gracchus
           ,
           whose
           mother
           was
           the
           daughter
           of
           Scipio
           Affricanus
           ,
           by
           whose
           meanes
           and
           authority
           that
           reprochful
           league
           was
           made
           ,
           taking
           it
           grieuously
           that
           any
           thing
           which
           he
           did
           should
           be
           discountenanced
           ,
           and
           fearing
           himselfe
           the
           danger
           either
           of
           the
           like
           punishment
           or
           of
           the
           like
           iudgement
           ,
           being
           at
           that
           time
           Tribune
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           in
           life
           innocent
           ,
           
           in
           wit
           pregnant
           ,
           and
           in
           purpose
           guiltlesse
           :
           and
           furthermore
           adorned
           with
           so
           great
           vertues
           ,
           as
           either
           nature
           could
           affoord
           ,
           or
           industrie
           could
           perfect
           ,
           or
           mans
           frailtie
           could
           containe
           .
           P.
           Mutius
           Scaeuola
           ,
           and
           L.
           Calphurnius
           
           being
           Consuls
           fell
           from
           vertue
           to
           vice
           ,
           and
           extreme
           villanie
           :
           and
           hauing
           promised
           vpon
           a
           dissolute
           fancie
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           enfranchise
           and
           receiue
           into
           the
           Citie
           anie
           Italian
           whosoeuer
           ,
           turned
           all
           things
           into
           a
           contrarie
           state
           ,
           mingled
           vertues
           with
           vice
           ,
           lawes
           with
           lust
           ,
           and
           brought
           the
           common-weale
           into
           an
           headlong
           and
           hideous
           danger
           .
           Octauius
           his
           fellow
           in
           office
           ,
           who
           stood
           against
           him
           for
           the
           
           cōmon
           good
           ,
           he
           put
           from
           his
           place
           ,
           &
           created
           
           a
           new
           state
           in
           Rome
           entitled
           a
           Treuirate
           or
           Triarchie
           ,
           that
           is
           the
           rule
           of
           three
           men
           ,
           who
           were
           called
           Treuiri
           ,
           himself
           for
           one
           ,
           his
           father
           in
           law
           Appius
           who
           had
           bin
           Cōsul
           for
           another
           
           and
           C.
           Gracchus
           his
           brother
           for
           the
           third
           .
           At
           that
           time
           flourished
           P.
           Scipio
           Nasica
           ,
           nephew
           to
           him
           ,
           who
           was
           iudged
           of
           the
           Senate
           in
           his
           life
           time
           to
           be
           the
           best
           of
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           sonne
           to
           that
           Scipio
           who
           purchased
           great
           praise
           for
           his
           good
           demeanor
           in
           the
           Censorship
           ,
           nephew
           two
           degrees
           remoued
           to
           Cn.
           Scipio
           a
           man
           highly
           commended
           ,
           vncle
           to
           Scipio
           Aemilianus
           whose
           commendation
           lieth
           in
           his
           name
           :
           this
           Scipio
           Nasica
           thogh
           he
           were
           nearly
           linked
           in
           kindred
           to
           Tiberius
           Gracchus
           ,
           yet
           preferring
           his
           countrey
           before
           his
           kindred
           ,
           thinking
           nothing
           priuately
           cōmodious
           
           which
           was
           not
           publikly
           conuenient
           ,
           standing
           in
           the
           higher
           part
           of
           the
           Capitolle
           ,
           exhorted
           all
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           which
           desired
           the
           safetie
           of
           the
           common-weale
           ,
           to
           follow
           him
           ,
           vpō
           which
           words
           the
           Nobles
           ,
           the
           Senate
           ,
           and
           the
           greater
           and
           better
           part
           of
           the
           Romane
           knights
           did
           runne
           suddenly
           vpon
           Gracchus
           ,
           standing
           in
           the
           floore
           of
           the
           Capitolle
           with
           his
           adherēts
           ,
           
           and
           euen
           then
           conspiring
           with
           a
           frequent
           assemblie
           of
           new-come
           Italians
           ,
           he
           thereupon
           flying
           and
           running
           downe
           the
           hil
           whereupon
           the
           Capitolle
           was
           founded
           ,
           his
           head
           being
           crushed
           as
           he
           was
           running
           downe
           ,
           with
           a
           fragment
           of
           one
           of
           the
           boordes
           which
           was
           in
           the
           
           Senate
           house
           ,
           did
           sodainly
           end
           his
           life
           ,
           which
           he
           might
           haue
           enioyed
           with
           great
           honor
           and
           quietnesse
           .
        
         
           This
           broile
           and
           haplesse
           dissention
           was
           the
           first
           conspiracy
           in
           which
           ciuil
           bloud
           was
           shed
           ,
           and
           the
           first
           dispensation
           of
           drawing
           swordes
           within
           the
           walles
           :
           after
           that
           time
           right
           was
           oppressed
           by
           violence
           ,
           and
           the
           mightier
           man
           was
           accompted
           the
           better
           ,
           the
           quarels
           of
           citizens
           that
           were
           wont
           to
           be
           cured
           by
           compromise
           and
           agreement
           ,
           were
           now
           decided
           by
           sword
           and
           bloudshed
           ,
           and
           warres
           were
           not
           followed
           according
           to
           the
           goodnesse
           of
           the
           cause
           ,
           but
           according
           to
           the
           greatnesse
           of
           the
           pray
           .
           But
           it
           was
           no
           maruell
           ,
           though
           this
           small
           beginning
           had
           so
           great
           effect
           ,
           and
           this
           odious
           faction
           so
           vnfortunate
           consequence
           ,
           for
           examples
           do
           not
           pawse
           there
           where
           they
           begin
           ,
           but
           being
           once
           receiued
           into
           a
           narrow
           strait
           ,
           
           they
           make
           way
           to
           themselues
           ,
           raunging
           and
           spreading
           themselues
           ouer
           the
           bodie
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           and
           when
           men
           go
           once
           astray
           ,
           they
           mind
           not
           how
           farre
           they
           go
           ,
           thinking
           that
           nothing
           can
           procure
           dishonestie
           to
           them
           ,
           which
           hath
           brought
           profite
           to
           others
           .
        
         
           VVhilest
           these
           things
           were
           done
           in
           Italie
           ,
           Scipio
           Affricanus
           of
           the
           house
           of
           Aemilius
           ,
           who
           destroyed
           Carthage
           ,
           after
           many
           slaughters
           of
           his
           enemies
           in
           the
           Numantine
           warre
           ,
           being
           nowe
           againe
           made
           Consull
           ,
           was
           sent
           backe
           into
           Spaine
           ,
           where
           his
           courage
           and
           
           successe
           did
           match
           and
           aequall
           his
           valure
           and
           fortune
           in
           Affricke
           ,
           and
           within
           a
           yeare
           and
           three
           moneths
           after
           his
           comming
           thither
           ,
           he
           
           tooke
           Numantia
           ,
           and
           caused
           euerie
           stone
           to
           be
           throwne
           to
           the
           ground
           ,
           as
           a
           notable
           monument
           of
           a
           Romane
           victorie
           .
           There
           was
           neuer
           anie
           man
           of
           anie
           name
           or
           nation
           ,
           that
           by
           the
           sacking
           of
           cities
           did
           more
           aeternise
           his
           house
           or
           enlarge
           his
           glorie
           :
           for
           hauing
           rooted
           vp
           Carthage
           ,
           he
           deliuered
           the
           Romanes
           from
           feare
           ,
           and
           hauing
           razed
           Numantia
           ,
           he
           deliuered
           them
           from
           reproch
           .
           Being
           returned
           into
           the
           Citie
           within
           a
           short
           time
           ,
           after
           
           two
           Consulships
           ,
           two
           victories
           ,
           and
           two
           notable
           triumphs
           ,
           he
           was
           found
           dead
           in
           his
           bed
           ,
           
           his
           iaw
           bone
           being
           dissolued
           and
           dislocated
           .
           There
           was
           no
           inquisition
           made
           afterward
           of
           the
           death
           of
           this
           inuincible
           Captaine
           :
           the
           bodie
           of
           Scipio
           was
           brought
           out
           into
           the
           streete
           
           his
           head
           couered
           ,
           by
           whose
           great
           labours
           and
           warlike
           exploits
           ,
           Rome
           lifted
           vp
           her
           head
           ouer
           all
           the
           world
           ,
           to
           the
           terrour
           and
           dismay
           of
           other
           cities
           and
           countreys
           .
           His
           death
           was
           ,
           as
           the
           most
           say
           fatall
           ,
           as
           some
           say
           conspired
           :
           his
           life
           doubtlesse
           was
           of
           that
           singularitie
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           ouercome
           of
           no
           mans
           glorie
           ,
           but
           onely
           his
           grandfathers
           .
        
         
           After
           the
           death
           of
           Ti.
           Gracchus
           ,
           the
           same
           
           fury
           and
           rage
           of
           mind
           that
           possest
           him
           ,
           entred
           as
           it
           were
           by
           a
           kind
           of
           transmutation
           into
           his
           brother
           C.
           Gracchus
           ,
           a
           man
           as
           like
           to
           Tiberius
           in
           his
           vertues
           as
           in
           his
           errour
           ,
           who
           when
           with
           great
           facilitie
           and
           ease
           of
           mind
           he
           might
           haue
           bene
           the
           Prince
           of
           the
           Citie
           and
           the
           ruler
           of
           the
           Senate
           ,
           tooke
           the
           Tribuneship
           vpon
           him
           to
           raise
           tumults
           ,
           to
           licence
           swords
           ,
           and
           to
           reuiue
           discord
           ,
           to
           no
           other
           intent
           or
           purpose
           but
           either
           to
           reuenge
           his
           brothers
           death
           ,
           or
           
           purchase
           to
           himselfe
           a
           soueraigntie
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           more
           hastie
           pursuing
           of
           his
           drift
           ,
           he
           bestowed
           the
           freedome
           of
           the
           Citie
           vpon
           euery
           inhabitant
           of
           Italy
           :
           he
           interdicted
           and
           forbad
           by
           Tribunitial
           law
           ,
           that
           no
           citizen
           should
           possesse
           more
           then
           fiue
           hundred
           akers
           of
           land
           ,
           he
           erected
           new
           hauens
           ,
           he
           filled
           the
           prouinces
           
           with
           new
           colonies
           ,
           he
           transferred
           the
           authoritie
           of
           iudgement
           frō
           the
           Senate
           to
           the
           Nobles
           ,
           he
           determined
           to
           distribute
           and
           deuide
           corne
           amongst
           the
           people
           :
           to
           be
           briefe
           ,
           he
           left
           almost
           nothing
           vnaltered
           or
           vndisturbed
           .
           This
           man
           was
           slaine
           by
           the
           sharpe
           and
           hastie
           pursuite
           of
           L.
           Opimius
           Consull
           who
           was
           in
           armes
           against
           him
           ,
           and
           Fuluius
           Flaccus
           was
           
           likewise
           slaine
           ,
           one
           that
           had
           enioyed
           both
           the
           Consulship
           and
           the
           honor
           of
           Triumph
           ,
           a
           man
           of
           a
           detestable
           meaning
           ,
           whom
           C.
           Gracchus
           had
           denominated
           and
           designed
           to
           be
           one
           of
           the
           Treuiri
           in
           the
           place
           of
           Tiberius
           his
           brother
           ,
           being
           his
           associate
           in
           all
           his
           enterprises
           ,
           and
           defiled
           with
           the
           like
           dishonest
           intendment
           .
           Opimius
           caused
           proclamation
           to
           be
           
           made
           ,
           that
           whosoeuer
           could
           bring
           vnto
           him
           the
           head
           of
           Gracchus
           ,
           should
           haue
           the
           weight
           
           of
           the
           head
           in
           gold
           .
           Flaccus
           inciting
           his
           soldiers
           on
           the
           hill
           Auentine
           ,
           was
           there
           slaine
           ,
           together
           with
           his
           eldest
           sonne
           .
           C.
           Gracchus
           cōmitting
           himselfe
           to
           flight
           lest
           he
           might
           fall
           into
           the
           hands
           of
           them
           whō
           Opimius
           had
           sent
           to
           take
           him
           ,
           putting
           his
           bare
           necke
           vnder
           the
           
           naked
           sword
           of
           his
           seruant
           Euporus
           ,
           was
           of
           him
           beheaded
           :
           and
           the
           same
           Euporus
           was
           suddenly
           a
           slaughter-man
           to
           himselfe
           .
           Thus
           the
           two
           Gracchi
           finished
           the
           course
           of
           their
           life
           ,
           men
           that
           had
           a
           fortunate
           beginning
           ,
           sinister
           proceedings
           ,
           &
           a
           cursed
           ending
           ,
           to
           whom
           if
           they
           had
           embraced
           quietnesse
           ,
           the
           commōweale
           wold
           haue
           offered
           these
           honors
           ,
           which
           by
           tumult
           and
           disquietnesse
           they
           sought
           ,
           their
           mother
           Cornelia
           as
           yet
           liuing
           ,
           a
           vertuous
           and
           
           learned
           Ladie
           ;
           who
           hauing
           nurtured
           and
           trained
           them
           vp
           in
           the
           studie
           of
           learning
           and
           vertuous
           demeanour
           ,
           did
           greatly
           bewaile
           ,
           that
           her
           good
           endeuors
           had
           so
           bad
           successe
           ,
           and
           that
           her
           two
           sonnes
           ,
           whom
           nature
           praetended
           to
           be
           the
           solace
           of
           her
           age
           ,
           were
           so
           sodainely
           and
           shamefully
           disgraced
           ,
           that
           she
           could
           not
           see
           their
           bodies
           couered
           with
           earth
           ,
           they
           being
           in
           most
           despitefull
           maner
           throwne
           into
           
           Tiber
           ,
           whose
           mindes
           she
           had
           furnished
           and
           beautified
           with
           such
           excellēt
           learning
           ,
           so
           was
           her
           ioy
           ouercome
           and
           surprised
           with
           griefe
           ,
           that
           she
           must
           either
           loath
           her
           children
           ,
           or
           else
           lament
           for
           them
           ,
           but
           howsoeuer
           ,
           for
           euer
           lacke
           them
           .
        
         
           In
           that
           tract
           of
           time
           C.
           Marius
           waging
           battaile
           in
           Numidia
           against
           Iugurtha
           ,
           who
           were
           both
           fellow
           souldiers
           and
           managed
           armes
           together
           vnder
           Scipio
           Affricanus
           ,
           sent
           L.
           Sylla
           his
           Quaestor
           to
           Boc●hus
           the
           King
           of
           the
           
           Mores
           ,
           to
           treate
           and
           capitulate
           with
           him
           about
           the
           taking
           of
           Iugurth
           ,
           whom
           by
           that
           meane
           he
           enioyed
           ,
           and
           being
           made
           the
           second
           time
           Consull
           ,
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           his
           Consulship
           and
           in
           the
           Calends
           of
           Ianuary
           ,
           he
           brought
           Iugurth
           in
           triumph
           to
           Rome
           .
           The
           Cimbrians
           &
           Teutons
           at
           that
           time
           did
           cause
           great
           slaughter
           and
           manie
           massacres
           of
           the
           Romanes
           in
           France
           ,
           and
           hauing
           put
           to
           flight
           and
           discomfited
           Caepio
           ,
           Manlius
           ,
           Carbo
           ,
           and
           Silanus
           ,
           they
           killed
           in
           fight
           Scaurus
           Aurelius
           one
           of
           the
           Consuls
           ,
           and
           other
           excellent
           men
           of
           memorable
           qualities
           .
           The
           people
           of
           Rome
           did
           not
           thinke
           anie
           Generall
           so
           fit
           to
           encounter
           
           these
           foes
           as
           C.
           Marius
           :
           &
           whilest
           he
           was
           in
           these
           warres
           ,
           he
           was
           continually
           Consull
           ,
           his
           third
           Consulship
           he
           spent
           in
           warlike
           preparation
           ,
           
           thinking
           it
           not
           sufficient
           to
           haue
           souldiers
           ,
           but
           to
           haue
           practised
           and
           skilfull
           souldiers
           ,
           training
           them
           by
           pettie
           skirmishes
           ,
           and
           encouraging
           thē
           by
           the
           conquest
           of
           base
           townes
           ,
           to
           more
           haughtie
           and
           valorous
           attempts
           :
           his
           fourth
           Consulship
           was
           spent
           about
           
           the
           warres
           of
           Sextus
           ,
           where
           he
           fought
           with
           the
           Teutons
           :
           and
           before
           that
           warre
           finished
           ,
           he
           razed
           out
           of
           the
           world
           the
           whole
           progenie
           of
           the
           Teutons
           .
           In
           his
           fifth
           Consulship
           
           he
           planted
           his
           fight
           betwixt
           the
           Alpes
           and
           Rome
           ,
           and
           in
           that
           battell
           Marius
           him self
           being
           Consull
           ,
           and
           Q.
           Catulus
           Proconsul
           ,
           a
           fortunate
           victorie
           ensued
           ,
           farre
           beyond
           the
           expectation
           
           of
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           and
           the
           admiration
           of
           strangers
           ,
           an
           hundred
           thousand
           men
           being
           brought
           into
           the
           power
           of
           the
           Romans
           wherof
           some
           were
           slaine
           &
           some
           were
           slaues
           .
           By
           this
           victorie
           Marius
           deserued
           ,
           that
           Rome
           should
           not
           repent
           her selfe
           of
           his
           birth
           ,
           nor
           requite
           his
           acts
           with
           reproch
           .
           His
           sixth
           Consulship
           
           was
           giuē
           him
           as
           the
           crowne
           of
           his
           merits
           ,
           
           yet
           he
           is
           not
           to
           be
           defrauded
           of
           the
           glorie
           ,
           which
           during
           this
           Consulship
           did
           of
           right
           belong
           vnto
           him
           ,
           euen
           by
           the
           confession
           of
           the
           enuious
           .
           Marius
           being
           the
           sixt
           time
           Consul
           ,
           
           Saturninus
           one
           of
           the
           Tribunes
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           did
           promulgate
           a
           lawe
           ,
           that
           what
           lands
           or
           demesnes
           Marius
           had
           gained
           in
           France
           by
           his
           expulsion
           of
           the
           Cimbrians
           from
           thence
           ,
           should
           be
           equally
           parted
           &
           deuided
           amongst
           the
           people
           of
           Rome
           ,
           and
           that
           euery
           Senator
           should
           sweare
           to
           this
           ,
           thinking
           to
           bind
           them
           by
           their
           oath
           from
           dispossessing
           and
           disseising
           the
           people
           of
           these
           alotmēts
           and
           purparties
           .
           Q.
           Metellus
           a
           Senator
           ,
           against
           whom
           Saturninus
           
           had
           a
           burning
           stomacke
           ,
           denied
           to
           ratifie
           that
           lawe
           by
           oath
           ,
           wherupon
           he
           had
           day
           giuen
           him
           to
           appeare
           before
           the
           Senate
           .
           For
           
           Marius
           being
           wholly
           addicted
           to
           please
           the
           people
           in
           all
           things
           ,
           which
           did
           not
           oppugne
           his
           owne
           profite
           ,
           did
           greatly
           fauour
           the
           law
           .
           Metellus
           though
           he
           were
           supported
           in
           this
           action
           by
           many
           good
           and
           vertuous
           citizens
           ,
           
           yet
           fearing
           some
           bloudshed
           in
           the
           citie
           by
           maintaining
           that
           cause
           ,
           committed
           himselfe
           to
           voluntarie
           exile
           ,
           and
           shortly
           after
           water
           &
           
           fire
           was
           forbidden
           him
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           title
           &
           stile
           of
           the
           banishment
           vsed
           in
           Rome
           .
           This
           Saturninus
           was
           afterward
           made
           the
           third
           time
           Tribune
           ,
           and
           because
           he
           feared
           that
           C.
           Memmius
           ,
           who
           at
           that
           time
           sued
           for
           the
           Cōsulship
           ,
           would
           with
           maine
           force
           oppose
           himselfe
           to
           his
           actions
           and
           enterprises
           ,
           he
           gathered
           
           a
           garrison
           of
           souldiers
           ,
           and
           caused
           him
           to
           be
           slaine
           .
           Marius
           presently
           rowzing
           himselfe
           for
           the
           punishmēt
           and
           reuenge
           of
           this
           proud
           Tribune
           ,
           and
           by
           Senate-councell
           authorised
           ,
           charged
           his
           bodie
           with
           harnesse
           ,
           and
           with
           a
           troupe
           of
           warlike
           citizens
           besieged
           the
           Capitoll
           ,
           
           which
           Saturninus
           and
           the
           Praetor
           Glancias
           ,
           together
           with
           Saufeius
           the
           Quaestor
           his
           adherents
           did
           hold
           as
           the
           castle
           of
           their
           defence
           .
           But
           Marius
           cutting
           in
           peeces
           the
           conduit
           pipes
           ,
           enforced
           them
           to
           yeeld
           ,
           and
           to
           
           submit
           themselues
           promising
           thē
           life
           ,
           liuing
           ,
           and
           libertie
           ;
           but
           when
           he
           had
           them
           in
           his
           power
           ,
           he
           made
           hauocke
           of
           them
           all
           leauing
           not
           
           one
           aliue
           ;
           the
           house
           of
           Saturninus
           he
           razed
           from
           the
           lowest
           foundation
           .
           VVhen
           the
           conspiracie
           of
           Saturninus
           was
           appeased
           ,
           there
           began
           of
           fresh
           a
           new
           quarell
           betwixt
           the
           Senators
           
           an●
           M.
           Liuius
           Drusus
           a
           noble
           Gentleman
           ,
           eloquent
           and
           modest
           ,
           nature
           being
           as
           bountifull
           vnto
           him
           ,
           as
           fortune
           was
           iniurious
           ;
           he
           had
           alwayes
           a
           great
           desire
           to
           restore
           the
           former
           honor
           to
           the
           Senate
           ,
           and
           to
           transferre
           the
           iudiciall
           power
           from
           the
           Nobles
           :
           for
           they
           being
           possest
           of
           that
           authoritie
           by
           the
           law
           of
           C.
           Gracchus
           ,
           which
           is
           aboue
           mentioned
           ,
           did
           practise
           extreme
           and
           brutish
           crueltie
           vppon
           manie
           excellent
           Senators
           and
           guiltlesse
           Citizens
           ,
           and
           amongst
           the
           rest
           was
           slaine
           P.
           Rutilius
           ,
           a
           man
           in
           that
           age
           incomparable
           :
           yet
           the
           fortune
           of
           Drusus
           was
           such
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           crossed
           
           and
           confronted
           by
           the
           Senate
           ,
           in
           those
           matters
           which
           he
           moued
           for
           the
           good
           &
           behoofe
           of
           the
           Senate
           ,
           they
           either
           not
           perceiuing
           ,
           or
           not
           willing
           to
           perceiue
           ,
           that
           though
           the
           petitions
           which
           Drusus
           made
           as
           Tribune
           ,
           and
           as
           of
           dutie
           he
           ought
           ,
           sounded
           and
           indeed
           tended
           to
           the
           profite
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           yet
           his
           drift
           to
           be
           this
           ,
           that
           the
           people
           hauing
           lesser
           things
           graunted
           them
           ,
           might
           permit
           greater
           to
           the
           Senate
           ,
           that
           so
           giuing
           them
           a
           litle
           the
           reyne
           ,
           they
           might
           enioy
           the
           fruite
           of
           libertie
           ,
           but
           yet
           might
           easily
           be
           plucked
           in
           if
           there
           
           were
           anie
           feare
           of
           disorder
           :
           which
           was
           the
           onely
           meane
           to
           preserue
           the
           dignitie
           of
           the
           Senate
           ,
           and
           to
           restraine
           the
           humours
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           but
           the
           eyes
           of
           the
           Senators
           were
           so
           dazeled
           with
           enuie
           toward
           Drusus
           ,
           with
           enmitie
           toward
           the
           people
           ,
           and
           selfe-loue
           toward
           their
           owne
           persons
           ,
           that
           they
           did
           more
           allow
           the
           pernitious
           practises
           of
           the
           other
           Tribunes
           ,
           then
           the
           dutifull
           meaning
           of
           Drusus
           :
           despising
           the
           reuerence
           wherwith
           Drusus
           did
           alwayes
           honour
           them
           ,
           and
           yet
           digesting
           the
           iniuries
           wherwith
           his
           fellow
           Tribunes
           did
           molest
           them
           :
           which
           vniust
           and
           absurd
           dealing
           did
           euidently
           proceed
           from
           the
           gall
           of
           their
           enuie
           .
           Then
           this
           good
           Tribune
           hauing
           his
           mind
           surcharged
           with
           malcontentment
           ,
           seeing
           that
           his
           honest
           purpose
           was
           maliciously
           peruerted
           ,
           lacking
           patiēce
           to
           beare
           his
           griefe
           ,
           and
           constancie
           to
           perseuere
           in
           his
           commendable
           intents
           ,
           resolued
           sodainly
           in
           a
           desperat
           passion
           to
           maintaine
           the
           faction
           of
           the
           Gracchi
           ,
           to
           entertaine
           into
           his
           heart
           rebellion
           ,
           to
           swarue
           from
           vertue
           ,
           to
           prostrate
           himselfe
           to
           the
           violence
           of
           fortune
           ,
           and
           being
           garded
           with
           a
           great
           multitude
           of
           vnknowne
           soldiers
           ,
           
           who
           were
           seditious
           Italians
           ,
           whom
           Drusus
           laboured
           to
           make
           free-men
           of
           the
           Estate
           ,
           he
           thought
           to
           terrifie
           the
           citie
           ,
           but
           within
           a
           short
           time
           he
           was
           slaine
           in
           his
           owne
           porch
           ,
           his
           side
           
           being
           pierced
           with
           a
           knife
           ,
           which
           sheathed
           in
           his
           entrailes
           ,
           and
           was
           left
           there
           sticking
           and
           filling
           the
           mouth
           of
           the
           wound
           ,
           but
           when
           he
           yeelded
           vp
           to
           the
           heauens
           his
           vitall
           spirit
           ,
           casting
           his
           eyes
           vpon
           the
           companie
           that
           stoode
           about
           him
           ,
           &
           lamenting
           that
           dismall
           chance
           ,
           he
           breathed
           out
           these
           words
           at
           the
           last
           instant
           and
           with
           the
           surrender
           of
           his
           soule
           :
           Tell
           me
           my
           friends
           and
           kinsfolke
           ,
           may
           the
           common-weale
           at
           any
           time
           enioy
           a
           more
           faithfull
           citizen
           ,
           then
           I
           haue
           heretofore
           bene
           ?
           This
           ende
           of
           life
           had
           that
           noble
           Gentleman
           ,
           who
           if
           he
           had
           bene
           armed
           with
           patience
           ,
           might
           haue
           triumphed
           ouer
           enuy
           .
           Caius
           Marius
           was
           now
           
           become
           the
           refuge
           and
           defender
           both
           of
           Senate
           and
           people
           :
           he
           was
           of
           bodie
           hardfauored
           ,
           in
           maners
           rigorous
           ,
           famous
           for
           warre
           ,
           &
           odious
           in
           peace
           ,
           vnsatiable
           in
           ambitious
           desires
           ,
           impatient
           in
           his
           wrath
           ,
           and
           alwayes
           attempting
           some
           strange
           noueltie
           :
           he
           did
           not
           long
           after
           valiantly
           endeuor
           to
           suppresse
           the
           
           flames
           and
           perillous
           scalefire
           of
           the
           Italian
           warre
           ,
           which
           because
           it
           was
           most
           dangerously
           begun
           and
           continued
           ,
           &
           with
           great
           difficultie
           quenched
           and
           ended
           ,
           I
           thinke
           it
           not
           amisse
           to
           make
           full
           description
           thereof
           ,
           laying
           for
           my
           foundation
           the
           cause
           which
           moued
           the
           Italians
           or
           Latines
           to
           reuolt
           from
           the
           Romans
           ,
           and
           to
           breake
           their
           faith
           before
           constantly
           kept
           .
           But
           the
           causes
           of
           things
           are
           so
           secret
           &
           misticall
           ,
           being
           the
           most
           remote
           obiects
           ,
           to
           which
           our
           vnderstanding
           may
           aspire
           ,
           that
           we
           may
           easily
           be
           deceiued
           by
           disguised
           and
           pretenced
           reasons
           ,
           whilest
           we
           seeke
           for
           the
           true
           and
           essential
           causes
           .
           For
           to
           report
           things
           that
           be
           done
           it
           is
           easie
           ,
           because
           the
           eye
           and
           the
           tongue
           may
           dispatch
           it
           ,
           but
           to
           discouer
           and
           vnfold
           the
           causes
           of
           things
           ,
           requireth
           braine
           ,
           soule
           ,
           and
           the
           best
           prowesse
           of
           mans
           nature
           ,
           wherefore
           to
           find
           out
           the
           causes
           of
           this
           warre
           ,
           diligence
           must
           be
           vsed
           .
           This
           warre
           is
           of
           diuerse
           men
           diuersly
           named
           ,
           some
           terme
           it
           the
           Italian
           ,
           some
           the
           Marsian
           ,
           some
           the
           Sociall
           war
           :
           all
           which
           haue
           sufficient
           reason
           to
           make
           good
           their
           seuerall
           appellations
           .
           The
           Italian
           warre
           it
           was
           tearmed
           ,
           because
           it
           was
           raised
           by
           
           such
           Italians
           ,
           as
           were
           in
           league
           with
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           occasion
           of
           the
           entercourse
           of
           manie
           good
           turnes
           and
           benefits
           betwixt
           them
           and
           the
           Romanes
           :
           for
           though
           they
           did
           not
           inioy
           the
           liberties
           of
           the
           city
           of
           Rome
           in
           such
           large
           and
           ample
           maner
           ,
           as
           the
           citizens
           or
           free
           men
           of
           that
           Citie
           ,
           yet
           they
           possessed
           them
           in
           farre
           greater
           measure
           ,
           then
           others
           which
           were
           meere
           straungers
           to
           that
           Estate
           ,
           and
           that
           by
           the
           law
           of
           societie
           ,
           which
           to
           the
           Romanes
           was
           alwayes
           sacred
           and
           inuiolate
           :
           this
           warre
           therfore
           vpon
           their
           reuolt
           was
           termed
           Sociale
           ,
           as
           maintained
           by
           them
           who
           had
           contracted
           &
           established
           a
           league
           of
           societie
           .
           The
           Marsian
           war
           it
           was
           called
           ,
           because
           the
           first
           
           commotion
           was
           attempted
           by
           the
           Marsians
           ,
           a
           free
           people
           of
           Italie
           .
           The
           cause
           &
           the
           beginning
           of
           this
           war
           do
           in
           time
           greatly
           differ
           ,
           for
           the
           cause
           hath
           a
           retrospect
           to
           the
           first
           times
           of
           the
           Romane
           monarchie
           ,
           when
           the
           people
           of
           Italie
           being
           greatly
           infested
           and
           endamaged
           by
           the
           continuall
           inuasions
           of
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           did
           watch
           oportunitie
           ,
           and
           with
           serious
           expectation
           attended
           ,
           if
           by
           anie
           possible
           meanes
           they
           might
           requite
           the
           Romanes
           with
           the
           
           like
           ,
           and
           recouer
           their
           auncient
           rights
           and
           iurisdictions
           ,
           and
           at
           one
           instant
           breake
           both
           the
           league
           and
           shake
           off
           the
           feare
           which
           they
           then
           had
           of
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           and
           which
           was
           the
           last
           marke
           of
           their
           enterprise
           ,
           rather
           cōmaund
           then
           condition
           with
           the
           Romanes
           .
           But
           as
           there
           is
           no
           euill
           without
           excuse
           ,
           and
           no
           praetence
           without
           some
           colour
           of
           reason
           ,
           and
           no
           wiles
           can
           be
           wanting
           to
           malicious
           &
           wrangling
           wits
           ,
           therefore
           an
           occasion
           was
           sought
           for
           ,
           whereby
           peace
           might
           be
           dissolued
           ,
           and
           discord
           warranted
           .
           Here
           now
           appeareth
           the
           error
           wherein
           Drusus
           was
           intangled
           .
           For
           they
           made
           him
           an
           instrument
           or
           lure
           to
           draw
           vnto
           them
           the
           free
           vse
           of
           the
           Romane
           liberties
           ,
           which
           in
           truth
           they
           did
           neither
           greatly
           desire
           ,
           not
           strongly
           hope
           for
           ,
           but
           they
           looked
           for
           a
           repulse
           ,
           and
           thought
           that
           would
           be
           a
           good
           occasion
           to
           ground
           their
           tumults
           vpon
           ,
           and
           as
           it
           were
           a
           vaile
           for
           their
           leud
           endeuours
           :
           whereby
           it
           is
           euident
           that
           as
           the
           cause
           of
           this
           warre
           is
           ancient
           ,
           so
           the
           beginning
           thereof
           is
           
           to
           be
           referred
           to
           the
           repulse
           of
           Drusus
           ,
           which
           happened
           sixe
           hundred
           sixtie
           and
           two
           yeares
           after
           the
           building
           of
           Rome
           .
           These
           commotioners
           
           of
           Italie
           had
           this
           purpose
           and
           intent
           ,
           at
           their
           festiual
           meetings
           to
           ioyne
           their
           heads
           and
           hands
           together
           ,
           and
           so
           to
           proceed
           to
           the
           Citie
           ,
           there
           to
           worke
           the
           death
           of
           the
           two
           Consuls
           Sex.
           Iulius
           Caesar
           ,
           and
           Martius
           Philippus
           :
           but
           this
           matter
           being
           discouered
           ,
           they
           did
           presently
           put
           to
           death
           Seruilius
           Proconsull
           ,
           
           who
           was
           sent
           vnto
           them
           at
           the
           first
           beginning
           of
           their
           stirres
           ,
           by
           peaceable
           &
           reasonable
           meanes
           to
           appease
           and
           determine
           them
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           other
           Romanes
           which
           were
           at
           Asculum
           ,
           were
           slaine
           .
           This
           bloudie
           deed
           being
           reported
           at
           Rome
           ,
           did
           greatly
           plunge
           the
           minds
           of
           the
           Romanes
           in
           doubt
           and
           sorrow
           .
           For
           this
           slaughter
           was
           as
           it
           were
           an
           Adamant
           to
           draw
           the
           other
           Italians
           ,
           who
           did
           not
           conspire
           in
           this
           murther
           to
           their
           part
           ,
           and
           as
           a
           firy
           beacon
           to
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           to
           giue
           them
           warning
           not
           to
           prescribe
           too
           much
           in
           their
           prosperitie
           ,
           but
           to
           be
           circumspect
           ,
           &
           by
           all
           warie
           preuention
           to
           anticipate
           these
           euils
           ,
           which
           if
           it
           should
           haue
           bene
           neglected
           of
           them
           ,
           would
           presently
           haue
           turned
           to
           such
           a
           cloud
           of
           inconueniences
           ,
           that
           the
           fire
           which
           did
           before
           serue
           to
           giue
           light
           ,
           would
           after
           haue
           bent
           his
           
           force
           to
           burne
           and
           consume
           :
           for
           the
           next
           neighbour
           to
           admonition
           is
           correction
           ,
           and
           it
           is
           easier
           to
           auoide
           then
           to
           escape
           a
           danger
           .
           But
           the
           Romanes
           with
           prouident
           care
           foreseeing
           that
           the
           defection
           and
           reuolt
           of
           them
           who
           were
           linked
           in
           societie
           with
           them
           ,
           might
           be
           a
           great
           maime
           to
           their
           Estate
           ,
           &
           as
           it
           were
           a
           ladder
           for
           forreine
           and
           professed
           enemies
           to
           scale
           the
           walles
           of
           their
           Citie
           ,
           did
           therefore
           in
           this
           war
           make
           speciall
           choise
           ,
           both
           of
           Captaines
           and
           souldiers
           :
           for
           meane
           men
           were
           not
           to
           be
           employed
           in
           a
           warre
           of
           so
           great
           importance
           ,
           and
           they
           that
           were
           vnskilfull
           ,
           were
           not
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           these
           eminent
           dangers
           ,
           to
           be
           trained
           and
           taught
           .
           And
           because
           they
           saw
           that
           the
           commodious
           ending
           and
           composing
           of
           this
           war
           ,
           was
           the
           hinge
           whereupon
           the
           whole
           estate
           of
           the
           Common-weale
           did
           depende
           ;
           therefore
           it
           was
           decreed
           by
           Senate
           ,
           that
           both
           the
           Consuls
           (
           a
           rare
           thing
           in
           that
           Common-weale
           ,
           and
           neuer
           done
           but
           when
           exceeding
           daunger
           was
           feared
           )
           should
           go
           in
           person
           to
           the
           managing
           of
           this
           warre
           .
           Neither
           were
           the
           Italiās
           vnprouided
           or
           vnaduised
           :
           for
           they
           knew
           ,
           that
           if
           they
           were
           cōquered
           ,
           they
           should
           
           fall
           from
           the
           estate
           of
           fellowes
           to
           be
           slaues
           ,
           &
           their
           league
           should
           neuer
           more
           be
           trusted
           ,
           which
           them selues
           had
           broken
           :
           and
           if
           they
           should
           enioy
           the
           victorie
           ,
           that
           they
           should
           then
           haue
           all
           the
           wealth
           of
           the
           world
           at
           commaund
           .
           This
           golden
           bootie
           being
           enameld
           with
           a
           sweete
           desire
           of
           reuenging
           old
           iniuries
           (
           for
           they
           had
           written
           them
           in
           marble
           with
           a
           pen
           of
           yron
           )
           did
           greatly
           incense
           their
           minds
           ,
           and
           rauish
           their
           spirits
           with
           a
           burning
           affectiō
           to
           fight
           .
           The
           Marsians
           who
           brought
           the
           first
           stubble
           to
           kindle
           this
           flame
           ,
           were
           gouerned
           by
           Silo
           Popedius
           ,
           a
           man
           as
           it
           seemed
           by
           destiny
           
           opposed
           against
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           to
           whose
           eares
           nothing
           was
           so
           delightfull
           as
           the
           report
           of
           a
           Romanes
           death
           ,
           hating
           that
           hower
           in
           which
           he
           did
           not
           impeach
           their
           good
           estate
           .
           He
           in
           this
           respect
           was
           diuerse
           from
           manie
           of
           his
           countrimen
           ,
           in
           that
           he
           detested
           a
           Romane
           because
           he
           was
           a
           Romane
           .
           VVherefore
           hauing
           singled
           out
           some
           of
           his
           factiō
           ,
           who
           were
           partly
           by
           the
           instinct
           of
           their
           nature
           ,
           partly
           by
           his
           instigation
           ,
           obdurate
           and
           eager
           in
           hatred
           against
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           hauing
           proposed
           and
           shewed
           vnto
           them
           the
           scope
           and
           drifte
           
           whereunto
           his
           purpose
           did
           aime
           ,
           and
           hauing
           disclosed
           the
           meanes
           ,
           whereby
           he
           hoped
           to
           compasse
           and
           effect
           his
           designements
           ,
           and
           lastly
           hauing
           declared
           vnto
           them
           the
           rewards
           which
           they
           might
           gaine
           by
           their
           valor
           ,
           he
           did
           labour
           by
           this
           speech
           to
           inflame
           their
           furie
           ,
           
             I
             am
             moued
             and
             enforced
             to
             this
             new
             enterprise
             ,
             
             not
             by
             anie
             ambitious
             desire
             of
             enhauncing
             my
             estate
             ,
             but
             because
             I
             see
             a
             poisonful
             baite
             of
             deceit
             hidden
             vnder
             the
             pretence
             of
             Societie
             ,
             because
             I
             see
             too
             great
             charges
             &
             burdens
             to
             be
             imposed
             vpon
             vs
             ,
             because
             I
             see
             leud
             forreiners
             to
             be
             our
             commaunders
             ,
             and
             originarie
             Italians
             ,
             though
             men
             of
             good
             desert
             ,
             kept
             vnder
             the
             snaffle
             ,
             and
             placed
             in
             the
             sinke-hole
             .
             I
             see
             the
             credite
             of
             our
             nation
             defaced
             ,
             the
             libertie
             destroyed
             ,
             and
             the
             state
             ouerthrowne
             ,
             and
             for
             our
             great
             labours
             vndertaken
             ,
             and
             dangers
             sustained
             for
             the
             Romans
             ,
             we
             haue
             this
             reward
             ,
             that
             we
             are
             despised
             by
             them
             ,
             and
             they
             haue
             not
             thought
             it
             sufficient
             to
             be
             aided
             by
             vs
             ,
             vnlesse
             in
             the
             pride
             of
             their
             spirits
             they
             may
             insult
             vpon
             our
             neckes
             ,
             men
             of
             insolent
             mindes
             ,
             by
             nature
             iniurious
             to
             all
             other
             men
             and
             by
             fortune
             superiour
             .
             If
             a
             man
             
             should
             examine
             from
             the
             beginning
             ,
             and
             as
             they
             say
             from
             the
             roote
             ,
             the
             degrees
             of
             their
             estate
             ,
             what
             iustice
             shall
             he
             find
             ?
             nay
             what
             iniustice
             shall
             he
             not
             find
             ?
             The
             two
             twinnes
             who
             
             were
             the
             founders
             of
             their
             city
             ,
             were
             bastards
             ,
             begotten
             by
             the
             rape
             of
             a
             holy
             virgin
             ,
             and
             by
             destinie
             were
             cast
             foorth
             as
             of
             no
             regard
             ,
             vntill
             a
             she-wolfe
             feeling
             perhaps
             some
             sauour
             
             of
             her
             owne
             nature
             in
             them
             ,
             did
             with
             her
             dugs
             nourish
             them
             .
             After
             ,
             when
             from
             milke
             they
             were
             growne
             to
             meate
             ,
             they
             were
             fedde
             by
             a
             chough
             ,
             and
             when
             they
             had
             attained
             to
             mans
             estate
             ,
             nothing
             would
             please
             then
             but
             a
             kingdome
             ,
             &
             a
             regall
             citie
             ,
             the
             foundation
             wherof
             was
             solemnized
             by
             an
             augurie
             deriued
             from
             the
             flight
             of
             Eagles
             .
             Thus
             a
             most
             rauenous
             bird
             did
             ominate
             vnto
             them
             a
             monarchy
             ,
             thus
             a
             most
             greedie
             beast
             whose
             hungry
             teeth
             ,
             and
             vnsatiable
             appetite
             no
             pray
             could
             content
             ,
             did
             giue
             them
             milke
             ,
             thus
             a
             most
             theeuish
             and
             busie
             brained
             birde
             was
             their
             foster-father
             .
             These
             were
             the
             portents
             and
             signes
             of
             their
             Citie
             ,
             that
             it
             should
             be
             a
             daughter
             verie
             like
             to
             the
             parents
             :
             these
             did
             prognosticate
             vnto
             vs
             the
             spoiles
             ,
             rapines
             ,
             inuasions
             and
             violent
             
             incrochments
             that
             should
             afterward
             be
             made
             by
             the
             Romanes
             .
             And
             for
             that
             cause
             Romulus
             wold
             not
             make
             or
             appoint
             limits
             and
             bounds
             for
             his
             kingdome
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             by
             force
             enter
             into
             euery
             soile
             as
             his
             own
             .
             But
             what
             wold
             not
             Romulus
             do
             ,
             which
             had
             the
             heart
             to
             shed
             
             the
             bloud
             of
             his
             owne
             and
             onely
             brother
             ?
             And
             thus
             was
             their
             citie
             cōsecrated
             by
             bloud
             :
             but
             some
             of
             the
             Romanes
             do
             with
             impudencie
             denie
             this
             fact
             ,
             some
             with
             modestie
             do
             doubt
             of
             it
             ,
             some
             with
             griefe
             do
             conceale
             it
             ,
             and
             they
             which
             by
             cleare
             proofe
             are
             enforced
             to
             confesse
             it
             ,
             do
             with
             this
             imagination
             mollifie
             the
             fault
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             done
             by
             the
             consent
             but
             not
             by
             the
             hand
             of
             Romulus
             .
             But
             whether
             he
             commaunded
             it
             ,
             or
             committed
             it
             ,
             he
             was
             a
             murtherer
             .
             After
             this
             hainous
             crime
             ensued
             the
             rape
             of
             the
             Sabine
             virgins
             ,
             the
             rauishment
             
             of
             whom
             they
             excuse
             ,
             because
             they
             would
             not
             yeeld
             their
             franke
             consent
             to
             mariage
             :
             surely
             they
             cannot
             iustly
             be
             reproued
             ,
             if
             they
             ,
             being
             a
             noble
             people
             ,
             did
             denie
             mariage
             to
             such
             a
             base
             assemblie
             of
             shepheards
             ,
             heardsmen
             and
             hoggards
             ,
             newly
             crept
             out
             of
             the
             straw
             :
             for
             in
             that
             great
             assemblie
             of
             newe
             vpstartes
             there
             
             were
             but
             an
             hundred
             men
             ,
             who
             were
             lawfully
             begotten
             ,
             and
             these
             forsooth
             were
             at
             the
             first
             made
             Senators
             .
             But
             nothing
             doth
             more
             bewray
             the
             vniust
             dealing
             and
             lacke
             of
             conscience
             in
             the
             Romanes
             ,
             then
             the
             lamentable
             estate
             of
             the
             Saguntines
             ,
             who
             had
             bin
             alwayes
             verie
             constant
             in
             fellowship
             and
             friendship
             toward
             them
             ,
             and
             whilest
             they
             did
             keep
             their
             faith
             to
             them
             ,
             they
             lost
             their
             Citie
             .
             Saguntus
             was
             fiercely
             besieged
             by
             Hanniball
             ,
             which
             when
             the
             Romanes
             heard
             ,
             they
             sent
             presently
             
             Embassadours
             to
             Hannibal
             to
             dehort
             him
             frō
             the
             siege
             ,
             but
             being
             despised
             they
             went
             to
             Carthage
             ,
             and
             there
             framed
             a
             complaint
             against
             Hannibal
             ,
             pretending
             that
             he
             had
             broken
             the
             league
             ,
             but
             failing
             of
             their
             purpose
             ,
             they
             returned
             to
             Rome
             .
             Amids
             these
             delaies
             ,
             that
             poore
             citie
             within
             eight
             or
             nine
             moneths
             after
             the
             laying
             of
             siege
             was
             destroied
             of
             the
             Carthaginians
             ,
             when
             the
             inhabitāts
             were
             before
             
             consumed
             with
             famine
             ,
             and
             one
             of
             them
             did
             eate
             anothers
             carkasse
             ,
             and
             being
             wearie
             of
             the
             world
             ,
             because
             they
             should
             not
             come
             as
             captiues
             into
             the
             enemies
             power
             ,
             they
             made
             a
             common
             fire
             ,
             into
             which
             ,
             when
             one
             of
             
             them
             had
             slaine
             another
             with
             the
             sword
             ,
             they
             were
             throwne
             .
             How
             manifest
             and
             manifold
             is
             the
             abuse
             which
             they
             offred
             to
             the
             Carthaginians
             ?
             They
             did
             incite
             Masinissa
             the
             neighbour
             of
             the
             Carthaginians
             to
             quarrell
             with
             
             them
             ,
             who
             praetended
             that
             the
             Carthaginiās
             ought
             to
             haue
             no
             more
             land
             then
             Dido
             the
             Tyrian
             queene
             did
             enioy
             ,
             which
             was
             as
             much
             as
             could
             be
             measured
             by
             the
             hide
             of
             an
             Oxe
             being
             cut
             into
             thongs
             .
             But
             could
             their
             prescription
             &
             possession
             during
             the
             space
             of
             seauen
             hundred
             yeares
             be
             so
             easily
             dissipated
             ?
             by
             the
             same
             reason
             the
             Romanes
             should
             content
             thēselues
             with
             the
             cottages
             and
             cabbins
             ,
             which
             first
             they
             inhabited
             .
             But
             the
             Carthaginians
             being
             greatly
             vexed
             by
             Masinissa
             and
             the
             Romanes
             assisting
             him
             ,
             did
             fall
             prostrate
             at
             the
             feete
             of
             the
             Romanes
             ,
             and
             did
             grieuously
             cōplaine
             of
             the
             intollerable
             couetousnesse
             and
             pride
             of
             Masinissa
             ,
             and
             requested
             with
             teares
             ,
             that
             of
             three
             things
             they
             might
             obtaine
             one
             :
             namely
             ,
             that
             either
             they
             might
             equally
             debate
             the
             whole
             cause
             and
             conrrouersie
             before
             the
             regents
             of
             some
             common-weale
             leagued
             in
             societie
             with
             them
             both
             ,
             and
             indifferently
             
             affected
             toward
             them
             ,
             or
             that
             they
             would
             suffer
             them
             to
             defend
             thēselues
             by
             iust
             warre
             against
             the
             vniust
             armes
             of
             Masinissa
             ,
             or
             lastly
             ,
             if
             fauour
             did
             more
             preuaile
             with
             them
             then
             truth
             ,
             that
             they
             would
             once
             determine
             and
             certainly
             set
             downe
             ,
             what
             and
             how
             much
             they
             should
             yeeld
             to
             Masinissa
             .
             But
             the
             Romanes
             did
             not
             one
             whit
             helpe
             these
             afflicted
             persons
             ,
             and
             that
             good
             Affricanus
             ,
             whom
             they
             so
             
             much
             commended
             ,
             being
             sent
             as
             an
             indifferent
             vmpire
             betwixt
             them
             and
             their
             enemie
             ,
             did
             make
             their
             discord
             a
             great
             deale
             more
             :
             and
             the
             desolate
             Carthaginians
             ,
             when
             they
             were
             enforced
             to
             prouide
             for
             thēselues
             ,
             were
             accused
             at
             Rome
             for
             the
             breach
             of
             league
             ,
             and
             hereupon
             they
             were
             declared
             to
             be
             enemies
             .
             They
             had
             straite
             commandemēt
             from
             the
             Romans
             to
             restore
             the
             Romane
             hostages
             ,
             to
             deliuer
             their
             money
             and
             treasure
             into
             the
             hands
             of
             the
             Romanes
             ,
             and
             by
             that
             meane
             to
             purchase
             the
             safetie
             of
             their
             Citie
             :
             all
             this
             was
             done
             .
             VVell
             this
             was
             not
             enough
             :
             the
             Romanes
             must
             haue
             their
             ships
             ,
             their
             munition
             and
             weapons
             :
             they
             deliuered
             these
             likewise
             :
             yet
             this
             suffised
             not
             :
             the
             Romanes
             
             must
             haue
             their
             Citie
             ,
             and
             the
             Carthaginians
             must
             build
             some
             other
             Citie
             farre
             from
             this
             :
             this
             was
             graunted
             vnto
             them
             ,
             and
             Carthage
             
             the
             fairest
             Citie
             of
             all
             Affricke
             was
             by
             them
             presently
             burnt
             ,
             and
             turned
             euen
             with
             the
             ground
             .
             Here
             when
             the
             Romanes
             were
             pressed
             and
             vrged
             with
             their
             promise
             ,
             their
             answer
             was
             ,
             that
             in
             speaking
             of
             the
             safetie
             of
             the
             Citie
             ,
             they
             did
             meane
             the
             safetie
             of
             the
             citizens
             and
             inhabitants
             ,
             not
             of
             the
             Citie
             which
             did
             consist
             of
             stone
             and
             timber
             :
             O
             snares
             !
             ô
             impostures
             !
             ô
             sophistrie
             !
             can
             the
             Romans
             without
             blushing
             obiect
             perfidiousnesse
             and
             trecherie
             to
             the
             Carthaginians
             ?
             Surely
             as
             they
             dealt
             with
             them
             being
             leagued
             in
             ancient
             societie
             with
             them
             ,
             so
             I
             am
             afraid
             they
             wil
             deale
             with
             vs.
             And
             I
             do
             the
             rather
             suspect
             it
             ,
             because
             I
             see
             they
             will
             stil
             haue
             a
             difference
             betweene
             them selues
             and
             vs.
             Herein
             lieth
             a
             mysterie
             ,
             I
             will
             not
             say
             of
             the
             Punicke
             fraude
             ,
             but
             of
             the
             Romane
             arte
             .
             And
             when
             it
             pleaseth
             them
             to
             drawe
             the
             curtaine
             ,
             we
             shall
             be
             made
             their
             slaues
             ,
             and
             our
             goods
             their
             dearling
             .
             VVherfore
             I
             request
             you
             all
             with
             all
             the
             vehemencie
             and
             force
             of
             my
             minde
             ,
             that
             you
             would
             with
             
             one
             heart
             contend
             for
             the
             recouerie
             &
             defence
             of
             liberty
             ,
             and
             that
             you
             would
             at
             length
             aime
             at
             such
             a
             common-weale
             ,
             wherein
             right
             and
             law
             ,
             not
             the
             priuate
             will
             of
             powerful
             men
             may
             beare
             sway
             .
             To
             the
             which
             purpose
             I
             know
             all
             the
             other
             people
             of
             Italie
             ioyned
             in
             league
             and
             fellowship
             with
             vs
             ,
             will
             affoord
             the
             diligent
             assistance
             of
             their
             persons
             ,
             and
             the
             best
             wealth
             of
             their
             treasuries
             .
             As
             for
             me
             ,
             such
             hath
             my
             birth
             ,
             such
             hath
             my
             education
             bene
             ,
             that
             I
             preferre
             the
             dignitie
             of
             my
             countrey
             ,
             and
             the
             libertie
             of
             this
             common-weale
             before
             all
             things
             in
             the
             world
             .
             VVhich
             if
             you
             do
             so
             desirously
             embrace
             ,
             I
             am
             fully
             resolued
             to
             lay
             my
             life
             open
             to
             all
             dangers
             ,
             without
             anie
             regard
             of
             estate
             or
             priuate
             respect
             :
             if
             not
             ,
             I
             will
             lay
             downe
             weapons
             ,
             and
             leaue
             the
             estate
             of
             the
             common-wealth
             as
             it
             now
             standeth
             ,
             to
             your
             owne
             discretion
             .
          
        
         
           The
           Marsians
           hearing
           the
           name
           of
           liberty
           ,
           did
           greedily
           receiue
           it
           ,
           and
           therefore
           applauding
           to
           Popedius
           ,
           as
           informing
           them
           of
           that
           which
           was
           most
           for
           their
           vse
           ,
           because
           there
           appeared
           in
           his
           speech
           no
           signes
           of
           couetousnesse
           or
           ambition
           ,
           but
           an
           earnest
           and
           vehement
           
           desire
           of
           publique
           good
           ,
           did
           resolue
           to
           follow
           him
           as
           their
           generall
           .
        
         
           They
           had
           no
           sooner
           set
           vp
           flagge
           of
           defiance
           against
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           but
           there
           resorted
           vnto
           them
           a
           huge
           multitude
           of
           all
           the
           prouinces
           of
           Italie
           :
           so
           readie
           are
           disloyall
           persons
           to
           cast
           off
           the
           yoke
           of
           obedience
           ,
           or
           common
           societie
           ,
           when
           they
           haue
           gotten
           a
           head
           .
           The
           metamorphosis
           truly
           was
           verie
           great
           ,
           to
           see
           the
           Citie
           of
           Rome
           enuironed
           on
           all
           sides
           by
           foes
           ,
           which
           before
           was
           garded
           by
           friends
           ,
           &
           there
           was
           none
           almost
           left
           to
           defend
           the
           City
           but
           the
           citizens
           ,
           and
           nothing
           to
           defend
           the
           citizens
           but
           the
           Citie
           .
           The
           people
           that
           reuolted
           were
           the
           Marsians
           ,
           the
           Samnites
           ,
           the
           Vmbrians
           ,
           the
           Vestini
           ,
           the
           Irpini
           ,
           the
           Lucani
           ,
           the
           Marrusini
           ,
           the
           Asculani
           ,
           the
           Peligni
           ,
           the
           Pisani
           :
           and
           they
           were
           led
           by
           great
           Captaines
           ,
           men
           of
           valour
           and
           seruice
           ,
           hauing
           as
           great
           desire
           to
           fight
           with
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           as
           the
           Romanes
           had
           to
           rule
           ouer
           them
           .
           The
           most
           of
           them
           were
           of
           so
           choise
           courage
           and
           conduction
           ,
           that
           the
           Romanes
           had
           before
           in
           many
           warres
           relyed
           vpon
           their
           seruice
           .
           But
           yet
           the
           name
           of
           a
           Romane
           was
           such
           a
           scepter
           to
           their
           spirits
           ,
           that
           
           they
           were
           still
           kept
           in
           awe
           and
           order
           without
           anie
           thought
           of
           reuolting
           .
           These
           men
           were
           now
           quite
           altered
           ,
           as
           if
           they
           had
           lately
           bene
           at
           some
           mart
           of
           soules
           ,
           and
           had
           exchaunged
           their
           mindes
           with
           some
           men
           by
           nature
           enraged
           against
           the
           Romanes
           :
           and
           it
           is
           greatly
           to
           be
           wondred
           how
           the
           mightie
           power
           of
           the
           diuine
           Maiestie
           ,
           doth
           sway
           the
           moments
           of
           things
           ,
           and
           sorteth
           them
           in
           peremptorie
           maner
           to
           straunge
           and
           vnlooked
           for
           effects
           ,
           making
           reason
           blind
           ,
           pollicie
           astonished
           ,
           strēgth
           feeble
           ,
           and
           valour
           dastardly
           ,
           turning
           loue
           into
           hatred
           ,
           feare
           into
           furie
           ,
           boldnesse
           into
           trembling
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           circuite
           of
           one
           minute
           making
           the
           conquered
           person
           a
           conqueror
           .
           The
           Romanes
           did
           not
           in
           anie
           warre
           shewe
           more
           wisedome
           and
           courage
           ,
           which
           two
           things
           are
           in
           common
           vnderstanding
           repugnant
           ,
           because
           wisedome
           for
           the
           most
           part
           procureth
           feare
           in
           dangerous
           accidents
           ,
           which
           is
           opposite
           to
           courage
           ,
           and
           courage
           causeth
           rashnesse
           which
           is
           contrarie
           to
           wisedome
           .
           But
           so
           were
           their
           fortunes
           crossed
           ,
           &
           the
           lot
           of
           warre
           was
           so
           variable
           ,
           that
           this
           warre
           was
           resolutely
           vndertaken
           of
           them
           ,
           vnhappily
           continued
           ,
           and
           
           victoriously
           concluded
           .
           The
           Romane
           armie
           had
           two
           Generals
           :
           namely
           P.
           Rutilius
           one
           of
           the
           Consuls
           ,
           whose
           Lieutenants
           were
           Cn.
           Pōpeius
           Strabo
           ,
           Q.
           Caepio
           ,
           C.
           Perperna
           ,
           C.
           Marius
           ,
           Valerius
           Messalla
           :
           and
           L.
           Caesar
           the
           other
           Consul
           ,
           who
           had
           these
           Lieutenants
           ,
           P.
           Lentulus
           ,
           T.
           Didius
           ,
           P.
           Licinius
           Crassus
           ,
           L.
           Cornelius
           Sylla
           ,
           M.
           Marcellus
           ,
           all
           famous
           Captains
           ,
           men
           of
           excellent
           desert
           and
           heroicall
           qualities
           ,
           and
           the
           most
           of
           them
           fit
           not
           onely
           to
           manage
           a
           warre
           ,
           but
           a
           kingdom
           ,
           yea
           an
           Empire
           :
           yet
           of
           all
           these
           none
           did
           obtaine
           the
           victorie
           during
           the
           first
           yeare
           of
           their
           fight
           ,
           C.
           Marius
           and
           L.
           Caesar
           onely
           excepted
           ,
           yet
           Caesar
           was
           not
           long
           before
           with
           his
           whole
           armie
           discomfited
           ,
           and
           Marius
           did
           with
           great
           difficultie
           atchieue
           one
           victorie
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           beginning
           of
           a
           greater
           warre
           .
           The
           Consuls
           did
           thus
           dispose
           the
           encounters
           of
           themselues
           and
           their
           Lieutenants
           ,
           L.
           Caesar
           was
           opposed
           to
           Vettius
           Cato
           ,
           who
           led
           a
           wing
           of
           the
           Marsian
           armie
           ,
           but
           Caesar
           being
           ouer
           mated
           by
           a
           man
           of
           greater
           wisedome
           and
           magnanimitie
           ,
           was
           enforced
           to
           flie
           ,
           and
           after
           the
           slaughter
           of
           two
           thousand
           of
           his
           men
           ,
           being
           hotely
           pursued
           &
           
           enchased
           of
           the
           enemie
           ,
           was
           constrained
           (
           for
           necessitie
           will
           affoord
           no
           choise
           )
           to
           take
           Aesernia
           for
           his
           refuge
           .
           C.
           Perperna
           did
           encounter
           
           P.
           Praesenteius
           ,
           who
           put
           him
           likewise
           to
           flight
           ,
           &
           deuested
           him
           of
           his
           armie
           ,
           for
           which
           cause
           he
           was
           discharged
           of
           his
           Lieutenancie
           ,
           and
           now
           was
           C.
           Marius
           sought
           vnto
           by
           the
           Consuls
           ,
           to
           whom
           he
           yeelded
           such
           assistance
           ,
           that
           he
           rather
           seemed
           to
           be
           their
           protectour
           then
           their
           champion
           .
           P.
           Rutilius
           to
           reuenge
           the
           death
           of
           Q.
           Caepio
           ,
           who
           was
           slaine
           by
           the
           
           ambush
           of
           Popedius
           ,
           and
           the
           quarrell
           of
           his
           fellow
           Consul
           ,
           vpon
           the
           Marsians
           ,
           did
           assay
           them
           by
           battell
           ,
           but
           lost
           a
           great
           number
           of
           
           men
           ,
           &
           in
           the
           end
           lost
           himselfe
           ,
           being
           slaughtered
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           his
           enemies
           .
           C.
           Marius
           with
           a
           fresh
           courage
           renewed
           the
           fight
           ,
           &
           put
           
           to
           flight
           with
           extreme
           labor
           Vettius
           Cato
           the
           fatall
           enemie
           to
           both
           the
           Consuls
           .
           But
           the
           messenger
           who
           brought
           the
           newes
           of
           this
           victorie
           of
           Marius
           to
           the
           Romane
           campe
           ,
           did
           meete
           there
           another
           messenger
           ,
           who
           reported
           vnto
           them
           ,
           that
           Egualius
           one
           of
           the
           enemies
           campe
           had
           surprised
           Venafrum
           a
           towne
           of
           great
           strength
           :
           that
           M.
           Lamponius
           another
           
           of
           their
           enemies
           had
           slaine
           eight
           hundred
           of
           the
           armie
           of
           P.
           Licinnius
           Crassus
           ,
           and
           had
           put
           the
           residue
           to
           flight
           ,
           that
           C.
           Papius
           Mutilus
           their
           enemie
           ,
           had
           brought
           Nola
           a
           flourishing
           Colonie
           of
           the
           Romanes
           into
           his
           power
           ,
           together
           with
           Q.
           Posthumius
           their
           Praetor
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           also
           taken
           Stauia
           ,
           Minturna
           and
           Salernum
           ,
           and
           did
           nowe
           besiege
           Acerra
           a
           chiefe
           towne
           .
           These
           newes
           succeeding
           the
           other
           did
           make
           the
           Romanes
           to
           heare
           with
           ioy
           ,
           and
           to
           remember
           with
           sorow
           .
           But
           no
           better
           fortune
           did
           ensue
           :
           for
           M.
           Marcellus
           being
           assigned
           for
           the
           defence
           of
           Aesernia
           was
           taken
           prisoner
           by
           the
           Samnites
           ,
           who
           surprised
           that
           Colonie
           .
           Cn.
           Pompeius
           was
           by
           three
           Captaines
           of
           the
           aduerse
           part
           ,
           Iudacilius
           ,
           Aefranius
           ,
           and
           Ventidius
           fiercely
           encountring
           ,
           driuen
           to
           the
           village
           of
           Firmo
           ,
           and
           there
           besieged
           .
           L.
           Caesar
           had
           a
           prosperous
           victorie
           against
           the
           Samnites
           ,
           but
           C.
           Marius
           fighting
           against
           the
           Marsians
           
           with
           doubtfull
           euent
           ,
           did
           recompence
           the
           death
           of
           euerie
           enemie
           with
           the
           losse
           of
           his
           owne
           souldiers
           :
           so
           constant
           is
           the
           fortune
           of
           warre
           in
           inconstancie
           .
           Now
           was
           come
           the
           second
           yeare
           of
           this
           daungerous
           warre
           ,
           which
           
           continued
           old
           broiles
           ,
           and
           made
           new
           Consuls
           Cn.
           Pompeius
           Strabo
           ,
           L.
           Portius
           Cato
           ,
           both
           which
           were
           by
           the
           decree
           of
           the
           Senate
           enioyned
           to
           take
           vpon
           them
           the
           charge
           of
           this
           warre
           .
           They
           brought
           some
           new
           Lieutenants
           in
           the
           place
           of
           some
           that
           were
           dead
           ,
           and
           some
           that
           were
           discharged
           .
           The
           succeeding
           Lieutenants
           were
           A.
           Albinius
           ,
           Cosconius
           ,
           Luceius
           ,
           A.
           Gabinius
           ,
           Sulpitius
           ,
           L.
           Muraena
           ,
           Caecilius
           Pius
           ,
           Mamercus
           Aemilius
           .
           It
           seemeth
           that
           Rome
           in
           these
           dayes
           was
           a
           verie
           schoole
           of
           warfare
           ,
           which
           did
           yeeld
           the
           supply
           of
           such
           excellent
           Captaines
           ,
           after
           the
           departure
           of
           Captaines
           not
           much
           more
           excellent
           .
           C.
           Marius
           
           vpon
           a
           disliking
           conceiued
           by
           the
           Consul
           Portius
           (
           priuate
           humor
           is
           alwayes
           an
           enemie
           to
           publike
           good
           )
           was
           discharged
           of
           his
           place
           .
           But
           so
           it
           happened
           ,
           that
           the
           Romanes
           changed
           their
           fortune
           with
           their
           Consuls
           ,
           but
           the
           Italians
           were
           more
           daunted
           and
           disanimated
           by
           the
           continuance
           of
           the
           warre
           ,
           then
           encouraged
           by
           the
           increase
           of
           their
           victories
           .
           For
           a
           base
           spirit
           cannot
           ioy
           in
           any
           honorable
           matter
           ,
           &
           nothing
           more
           deuoureth
           the
           heart
           of
           a
           rebellious
           or
           trecherous
           person
           ,
           then
           the
           
           inward
           fire
           of
           a
           glowing
           conscience
           .
           L.
           Sylla
           
           had
           a
           notable
           victorie
           against
           the
           Samnites
           ,
           and
           did
           ransacke
           their
           tents
           .
           Cn.
           Pompeius
           
           did
           constraine
           the
           Vestini
           ,
           the
           Peliani
           ,
           and
           the
           Aesculani
           ,
           and
           the
           Pisani
           to
           yeeld
           vnto
           him
           .
           Sylla
           did
           kil
           Cluentius
           a
           Captaine
           of
           the
           contrarie
           
           part
           at
           Nola
           ,
           and
           he
           brought
           vnder
           his
           power
           the
           Irpini
           .
           A.
           Gabinius
           did
           fight
           prosperously
           
           against
           the
           Lucani
           ,
           and
           tooke
           many
           of
           their
           great
           townes
           ,
           but
           when
           he
           wold
           haue
           spoiled
           their
           tents
           ,
           he
           was
           slaine
           .
           Sulpitius
           hauing
           slaine
           all
           the
           souldiers
           of
           the
           Marrucini
           ,
           
           did
           reduce
           that
           whole
           region
           into
           the
           subiection
           of
           the
           Romanes
           .
           L.
           Muraena
           and
           Caecilius
           Pius
           had
           manie
           encounters
           against
           the
           Marsians
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           ende
           enforced
           them
           to
           yeeld
           ,
           but
           Popedius
           their
           Captaine
           the
           author
           
           of
           this
           warre
           was
           slaine
           in
           fight
           ,
           in
           which
           war
           Portius
           Cato
           was
           also
           slaine
           ,
           not
           through
           
           his
           owne
           default
           ,
           nor
           by
           the
           valor
           of
           his
           enemies
           ,
           but
           through
           the
           malicious
           stomacke
           of
           the
           sonne
           of
           C.
           Marius
           ,
           who
           in
           reuenge
           of
           his
           fathers
           quarell
           ,
           did
           throw
           his
           dart
           at
           him
           ,
           and
           with
           a
           deadly
           wound
           did
           make
           him
           fall
           prostrate
           to
           the
           ground
           :
           but
           because
           he
           could
           
           not
           be
           discerned
           in
           such
           confusion
           of
           fight
           ,
           &
           in
           the
           heate
           of
           the
           battell
           ,
           he
           was
           not
           impeached
           for
           this
           trecherous
           murder
           .
           The
           Romans
           hauing
           enioyed
           and
           accomplished
           all
           things
           according
           to
           their
           desire
           ,
           returned
           with
           the
           great
           ioy
           and
           gratulation
           of
           their
           fellow
           citizens
           .
           
           Cn.
           Pompeius
           ,
           for
           his
           ample
           victories
           &
           great
           desert
           was
           rewarded
           with
           a
           triumph
           .
           Thus
           was
           the
           Italian
           warre
           being
           left
           to
           the
           Romanes
           as
           the
           legacie
           of
           Drusus
           ended
           and
           appeased
           ,
           which
           wrought
           two
           notable
           effects
           :
           for
           it
           brought
           the
           Italians
           from
           societie
           to
           seruitude
           ,
           and
           refusing
           the
           bridle
           they
           receiued
           the
           yoke
           ,
           and
           were
           euer
           after
           kept
           vnder
           the
           chaine
           of
           perpetuall
           commaund
           ,
           but
           the
           Romanes
           it
           made
           glorious
           and
           inuincible
           :
           for
           their
           iust
           warres
           had
           alwayes
           good
           successe
           ,
           and
           their
           vniust
           warres
           or
           inuasions
           ,
           could
           not
           (
           as
           may
           partly
           appeare
           by
           this
           Italiā
           vprore
           )
           by
           forraine
           warre
           be
           reuenged
           .
           But
           for
           the
           cause
           hereof
           let
           no
           man
           make
           search
           or
           inquirie
           ,
           sith
           it
           is
           no
           where
           to
           be
           foūd
           saue
           only
           in
           God
           his
           decretall
           booke
           ,
           the
           contents
           whereof
           as
           I
           cannot
           know
           ,
           so
           the
           comments
           of
           man
           in
           this
           matter
           I
           may
           not
           beleeue
           .
           This
           
           thing
           therefore
           as
           vailed
           with
           vtmost
           darkenesse
           ,
           I
           do
           with
           all
           humblenesse
           leaue
           to
           him
           who
           hath
           reserued
           it
           to
           himselfe
           :
           &
           this
           onely
           I
           obserue
           ,
           which
           euerie
           man
           may
           note
           in
           the
           sequele
           of
           this
           historie
           ,
           that
           the
           Romans
           were
           punished
           by
           the
           Romanes
           for
           their
           wrongs
           &
           iniuries
           (
           if
           I
           may
           vse
           coniecture
           in
           so
           thicke
           a
           mist
           )
           done
           to
           their
           neighbours
           and
           others
           .
           Not
           long
           after
           the
           death
           of
           Drusus
           the
           Consulship
           inuested
           vpon
           Q.
           Pompeius
           &
           L.
           Cornelius
           
           Sylla
           ,
           who
           before
           his
           victory
           could
           not
           be
           too
           highly
           commended
           ,
           and
           after
           neuer
           sufficiently
           dispraised
           :
           so
           contrarie
           and
           opposite
           he
           was
           to
           himselfe
           ,
           being
           more
           mercifull
           in
           the
           combat
           ,
           then
           after
           the
           conquest
           ,
           and
           Sylla
           fighting
           in
           the
           field
           was
           not
           so
           cruell
           as
           
           Sylla
           triumphing
           in
           the
           towne
           .
           He
           was
           nobly
           
           descended
           ,
           being
           the
           sixth
           man
           from
           Cornelius
           Rufinus
           ,
           who
           was
           one
           of
           the
           chiefe
           Captaines
           in
           the
           warre
           against
           Pyrrhus
           .
           For
           the
           glorie
           and
           credite
           of
           that
           familie
           had
           bene
           long
           intermitted
           ,
           and
           was
           almost
           perished
           ,
           till
           it
           was
           raised
           and
           rampired
           vp
           by
           Sylla
           to
           the
           ancient
           grace
           ,
           and
           restored
           with
           an
           ouerplus
           to
           the
           former
           dignitie
           .
           Sylla
           did
           a
           long
           
           time
           behaue
           him selfe
           so
           modestly
           and
           contentedly
           ,
           that
           he
           seemed
           to
           be
           without
           all
           intent
           for
           suing
           for
           the
           Consulship
           ,
           but
           after
           his
           Praetorship
           being
           much
           renowned
           by
           the
           Italian
           warre
           ,
           &
           for
           his
           great
           exploits
           in
           France
           ,
           hauing
           slaine
           the
           stoutest
           Captains
           of
           the
           aduerse
           part
           ,
           he
           tooke
           stomacke
           by
           reason
           of
           his
           good
           successe
           ,
           and
           making
           sute
           for
           the
           Consulship
           ,
           was
           made
           Consull
           ,
           not
           one
           citizen
           almost
           withdrawing
           his
           consent
           ,
           and
           that
           honour
           he
           purchased
           when
           he
           was
           eight
           and
           fortie
           yeares
           olde
           .
           At
           that
           time
           Mithridates
           
           king
           of
           Pontus
           ,
           a
           sharpe
           and
           victorious
           souldier
           ,
           being
           sometime
           great
           in
           prosperitie
           ,
           and
           at
           all
           times
           great
           in
           courage
           ,
           in
           counsell
           wise
           ,
           in
           strength
           mightie
           ,
           in
           hatred
           against
           the
           Romanes
           another
           Hannibal
           ,
           had
           taken
           and
           possest
           Asia
           ,
           where
           he
           put
           to
           death
           all
           the
           Romanes
           that
           did
           there
           inhabite
           :
           the
           region
           of
           Asia
           did
           by
           lot
           happē
           to
           Sylla
           as
           his
           prouince
           ,
           he
           addressing
           him selfe
           thitherward
           with
           as
           great
           speed
           as
           he
           could
           possibly
           make
           ,
           came
           at
           length
           to
           Nola
           ,
           which
           he
           besieged
           ,
           for
           that
           
           Citie
           did
           most
           stubburnly
           resist
           the
           Romans
           ,
           reuolting
           from
           that
           faithfulnesse
           which
           the
           
           Nolanes
           did
           religiously
           obserue
           and
           exhibite
           to
           the
           Romanes
           in
           the
           Carthaginian
           warres
           :
           but
           not
           long
           after
           the
           laying
           of
           this
           siege
           ,
           he
           was
           abridged
           of
           his
           Generalship
           by
           Sulpitius
           
           a
           Tribune
           ,
           who
           being
           in
           wealth
           ,
           fauor
           ,
           friendship
           ,
           wit
           ,
           and
           courage
           great
           amongst
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           hauing
           before
           sought
           dignitie
           by
           desert
           ,
           did
           now
           by
           his
           leud
           decrees
           and
           disloyall
           practises
           deserue
           to
           loose
           his
           dignitie
           .
           He
           assigned
           to
           C.
           Marius
           an
           imperiall
           praeheminence
           ,
           &
           the
           regimēt
           of
           all
           the
           prouinces
           that
           belonged
           to
           the
           citie
           of
           Rome
           ,
           which
           honors
           as
           Marius
           did
           ambitiously
           desire
           ,
           so
           Sulpitius
           
           did
           iniuriously
           dispose
           :
           and
           therewithall
           he
           enacted
           that
           Sylla
           should
           be
           called
           from
           Asia
           ,
           and
           Marius
           should
           be
           Generall
           in
           his
           place
           ;
           manie
           other
           pernitious
           lawes
           he
           established
           ,
           both
           intollerable
           and
           detestable
           :
           for
           conclusion
           ,
           he
           ended
           in
           murther
           ,
           procuring
           by
           his
           
           bloud-thirsty
           seruants
           the
           death
           of
           one
           of
           the
           Pompeys
           ,
           sonne
           to
           Q.
           Pompeius
           ,
           and
           Syllaes
           sonne
           in
           lawe
           .
           Sylla
           hearing
           of
           this
           sodaine
           change
           ,
           and
           being
           solicited
           by
           the
           letters
           of
           his
           dearest
           friends
           ,
           made
           speedie
           returne
           to
           the
           Citie
           ,
           which
           hauing
           taken
           by
           force
           of
           
           armes
           he
           droue
           out
           of
           it
           the
           twelue
           authours
           
           of
           this
           newe
           and
           damnable
           faction
           ,
           amongst
           whom
           was
           C.
           Marius
           and
           his
           sonne
           ,
           together
           with
           P.
           Sulpitius
           the
           first
           beginner
           of
           discord
           ,
           Sulpitius
           being
           taken
           by
           Syllaes
           horsemen
           in
           the
           Laurentine
           fennes
           was
           there
           beheaded
           ,
           &
           for
           the
           guerdon
           of
           his
           cruelty
           ,
           his
           head
           being
           afterward
           conueyed
           to
           Rome
           ,
           was
           erected
           vpon
           a
           pinnacle
           ouer
           the
           barre
           of
           the
           Senate
           house
           .
           C.
           Marius
           (
           a
           cleare
           mirrour
           of
           this
           worlds
           vnconstancie
           )
           to
           whom
           if
           you
           will
           place
           him
           amongst
           the
           fortunate
           ,
           you
           must
           assigne
           the
           highest
           seate
           ,
           if
           amongst
           the
           vnfortunate
           ,
           the
           lowest
           ,
           hauing
           before
           enioyed
           all
           pleasures
           which
           prosperitie
           could
           yeeld
           ,
           and
           now
           suffering
           all
           troubles
           which
           aduersitie
           could
           bring
           )
           after
           his
           sixth
           consulship
           ,
           and
           the
           sixtieth
           yeare
           of
           his
           age
           ,
           for
           the
           auoyding
           of
           Syllaes
           horsemen
           ,
           stripped
           himselfe
           naked
           ,
           &
           
           flying
           to
           a
           marrish
           of
           reedes
           did
           there
           hide
           himselfe
           ,
           plunging
           so
           deepely
           into
           the
           mud
           ,
           that
           nothing
           could
           be
           seene
           of
           him
           but
           his
           eyes
           and
           nostrels
           ,
           who
           being
           afterward
           descried
           ,
           was
           drawne
           by
           a
           thong
           of
           leather
           tied
           to
           his
           neck
           ,
           into
           the
           prison
           of
           Minturna
           .
           There
           
           was
           sent
           to
           kil
           him
           a
           captiue
           slaue
           ,
           whom
           Marius
           
           had
           taken
           prisoner
           in
           the
           battel
           which
           he
           fought
           against
           the
           Cimbrians
           :
           this
           bloudie
           Cimbrian
           assaying
           to
           strike
           Marius
           ,
           was
           sodainly
           amazed
           ,
           and
           terrified
           by
           the
           maiestie
           of
           his
           countenance
           ,
           though
           Marius
           was
           then
           full
           of
           yeares
           ,
           full
           of
           miserie
           ,
           and
           void
           of
           weapons
           :
           but
           the
           slaue
           seeing
           so
           bright
           a
           starre
           in
           so
           darke
           a
           dungeon
           ,
           reuerencing
           the
           man
           whom
           he
           had
           before
           feared
           ,
           and
           perswading
           himselfe
           that
           it
           was
           impossible
           for
           one
           man
           to
           worke
           his
           death
           ,
           who
           not
           long
           before
           had
           almost
           destroyed
           the
           whole
           nation
           of
           the
           Cimbrians
           ,
           left
           him
           aliue
           ,
           and
           in
           trembling
           maner
           departed
           from
           his
           presence
           .
           The
           Minturnians
           because
           they
           held
           the
           worthinesse
           of
           Marius
           in
           high
           reputation
           ,
           deliuered
           him
           out
           of
           prison
           ,
           and
           attiring
           him
           with
           conuenient
           apparell
           ,
           
           bestowing
           vpon
           him
           a
           pilgrims
           viande
           ,
           which
           might
           for
           a
           season
           relieue
           his
           hunger
           ,
           dismissed
           him
           out
           of
           their
           Citie
           .
           He
           hauing
           ouertaken
           his
           sonne
           at
           Aemaria
           ,
           directed
           his
           voyage
           vnto
           Affricke
           ,
           where
           he
           led
           a
           poore
           and
           wretched
           life
           in
           the
           ruines
           and
           desolate
           rēnants
           of
           the
           Citie
           of
           Carthage
           .
           Sylla
           leuied
           
           an
           armie
           &
           renewed
           his
           iourney
           toward
           Asia
           ,
           (
           the
           yeare
           wherein
           Sylla
           was
           Consull
           ,
           was
           the
           first
           yeare
           in
           which
           the
           Romane
           souldiers
           did
           slay
           their
           Consull
           ;
           for
           then
           Q.
           Pompeius
           being
           
           fellow
           Consull
           with
           Sylla
           ,
           was
           slaine
           by
           the
           seditious
           armie
           of
           Cn.
           Pompeius
           Proconsull
           .
           )
           After
           the
           broiles
           of
           Marius
           and
           Sulpitius
           the
           tumults
           of
           Cinna
           succeeded
           ,
           who
           was
           not
           one
           iote
           more
           temperate
           then
           those
           disorderly
           
           and
           enormous
           quarellers
           ,
           or
           rather
           furious
           and
           traiterous
           conspirers
           .
           He
           was
           Cōsull
           with
           Cn.
           Octauius
           ,
           who
           because
           one
           of
           them
           namely
           Cinna
           ,
           fauoured
           Marius
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           Sylla
           ,
           fell
           to
           a
           sodaine
           iarre
           ,
           &
           maintaining
           seuerall
           armies
           in
           the
           Citie
           ,
           caused
           much
           terror
           ,
           and
           some
           bloudshed
           .
           Cinna
           was
           
           expulsed
           the
           Citie
           by
           the
           power
           of
           Octauius
           and
           the
           Senators
           ,
           his
           Consulship
           was
           abrogated
           ,
           and
           in
           his
           place
           L.
           Cornelius
           Merula
           ,
           Iupiters
           priest
           was
           elected
           .
           Cinna
           hauing
           corrupted
           the
           Centurions
           ,
           Tribunes
           &
           souldiers
           
           with
           hope
           of
           liberalitie
           ,
           was
           admitted
           of
           that
           armie
           (
           which
           was
           as
           yet
           about
           Nola
           )
           for
           their
           Captaine
           ,
           and
           hauing
           sworne
           all
           his
           souldiers
           to
           obeisance
           and
           loyaltie
           ,
           he
           marched
           in
           his
           
           Consul
           robes
           toward
           Rome
           ,
           his
           armie
           consisting
           of
           three
           hūdred
           bands
           of
           good
           souldiers
           amounting
           in
           the
           view
           of
           spials
           to
           the
           number
           of
           thirtie
           legions
           :
           but
           though
           he
           had
           manie
           souldiers
           and
           much
           courage
           ,
           he
           lacked
           notwithstanding
           factioners
           and
           fauourites
           to
           vphold
           him
           ,
           and
           was
           destitute
           of
           popular
           credit
           ,
           which
           might
           bolster
           and
           support
           his
           doings
           .
           For
           supplying
           of
           which
           want
           ,
           he
           called
           from
           banishment
           C.
           Marius
           and
           his
           sonne
           ,
           with
           all
           
           the
           other
           Romanes
           which
           were
           before
           by
           Syllaes
           horsemen
           chased
           out
           of
           the
           Citie
           .
           VVhilest
           Cinna
           was
           thus
           preparing
           warre
           against
           his
           mother
           towne
           ,
           Cn.
           Pompeius
           father
           to
           that
           great
           state
           ,
           of
           whom
           we
           shall
           hereafter
           speake
           ,
           whose
           worthie
           actes
           in
           the
           Marsian
           warre
           ,
           together
           with
           his
           victorie
           at
           Asculum
           ,
           was
           verie
           beneficiall
           and
           commodious
           to
           the
           common-weale
           ,
           being
           frustrate
           of
           hope
           to
           continue
           the
           Proconsulship
           ,
           shewed
           himselfe
           
           verie
           indifferent
           and
           equall
           to
           the
           factions
           ,
           doing
           all
           things
           for
           his
           proper
           and
           priuate
           good
           ,
           and
           lying
           in
           waite
           for
           oportunitie
           to
           serue
           his
           owne
           turne
           and
           aduancement
           ,
           enclining
           his
           armie
           this
           way
           and
           that
           way
           ,
           now
           as
           a
           
           fauourer
           to
           Cinna
           ,
           &
           now
           as
           a
           friend
           to
           Sylla
           ,
           following
           fortune
           by
           coniectures
           ,
           and
           determining
           to
           ioyne
           with
           him
           ,
           who
           by
           all
           likelihood
           should
           be
           most
           puissant
           :
           at
           length
           he
           
           encountred
           with
           Cinna
           before
           the
           citie
           wals
           ,
           where
           after
           a
           maine
           sea
           of
           bloudshed
           ,
           the
           Romanes
           that
           were
           vpon
           the
           walles
           ,
           beholding
           the
           slaughter
           of
           their
           brethren
           ,
           friends
           and
           kinsfolke
           vnder
           the
           wals
           ,
           the
           battell
           was
           fully
           finished
           ,
           but
           the
           victorie
           was
           doubtfull
           .
           Not
           long
           after
           Cn.
           Pōpeius
           died
           ,
           by
           whose
           death
           the
           souldiers
           of
           Cinna
           conceiued
           so
           great
           ioy
           and
           gladsomnesse
           ,
           that
           they
           forgat
           the
           finall
           ouerthrow
           of
           their
           fellow
           souldiers
           ,
           and
           the
           Romans
           did
           bestow
           their
           reuenge
           vpō
           Pompey
           being
           dead
           ,
           which
           they
           did
           owe
           to
           him
           being
           aliue
           .
           Cinna
           and
           Marius
           did
           not
           without
           great
           hauocke
           of
           men
           and
           matrons
           inuade
           
           the
           citie
           :
           but
           Cinna
           entred
           first
           ,
           and
           published
           a
           lawe
           touching
           the
           receiuing
           of
           Marius
           ,
           then
           C.
           Marius
           entred
           the
           wals
           with
           a
           
           most
           fatall
           and
           daungerous
           returne
           to
           the
           citie
           of
           Rome
           .
           Nothing
           had
           bene
           more
           bloudie
           then
           his
           entrance
           ,
           if
           his
           death
           had
           not
           shortly
           ensued
           :
           for
           hauing
           possessed
           the
           citie
           ,
           
           he
           was
           more
           vnsatiate
           in
           his
           crueltie
           then
           any
           rauenous
           tiger
           ,
           and
           more
           mercilesse
           in
           his
           tragicall
           punishments
           ,
           then
           any
           furie
           ,
           breathing
           nothing
           but
           bloud
           ,
           and
           delighting
           in
           nothing
           but
           murder
           ,
           neither
           did
           the
           licentious
           rage
           of
           his
           wrath
           content
           it selfe
           with
           the
           bloud
           of
           meaner
           men
           ,
           but
           it
           seised
           vpon
           the
           states
           and
           starres
           of
           the
           citie
           .
           Then
           did
           Octauius
           one
           of
           
           the
           Consuls
           ,
           a
           man
           of
           a
           mild
           &
           douelike
           humor
           ,
           render
           vp
           his
           life
           into
           the
           pawes
           of
           these
           wolues
           :
           and
           Merula
           ,
           who
           a
           little
           before
           the
           returne
           of
           Cinna
           had
           through
           feare
           renounced
           the
           Consulship
           ,
           cut
           in
           peeces
           his
           owne
           
           veines
           ,
           and
           sprinkling
           his
           lukewarme
           bloud
           vpon
           the
           altar
           ,
           vpon
           which
           he
           had
           often
           sacrificed
           the
           bloud
           of
           beasts
           ,
           and
           intreating
           the
           gods
           for
           the
           execratiō
           of
           Cinna
           ,
           to
           whom
           he
           had
           often
           prayed
           for
           the
           preseruation
           of
           the
           citie
           ,
           gaue
           vp
           his
           fainting
           ghost
           in
           a
           great
           
           agonie
           of
           mind
           .
           M.
           Antonius
           the
           chiefe
           of
           the
           citie
           ,
           and
           the
           Phaenix
           of
           eloquence
           ,
           was
           slain
           at
           the
           commaundement
           of
           Marius
           and
           Cinna
           ,
           by
           the
           swords
           of
           their
           souldiers
           ,
           whome
           by
           the
           sweetnesse
           of
           his
           eloquence
           he
           did
           a
           longtime
           restraine
           and
           delay
           from
           the
           killing
           
           of
           him
           .
           Q.
           Catulus
           a
           man
           famous
           for
           his
           vertues
           
           and
           valour
           in
           the
           Cimbrian
           warre
           ,
           the
           glorie
           of
           which
           he
           did
           participate
           with
           Marius
           ,
           as
           we
           haue
           aboue
           reported
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           hunted
           to
           death
           by
           these
           greedie
           bloud-hounds
           ,
           shut
           himself
           into
           a
           narrow
           closet
           that
           was
           newly
           pargited
           with
           lime
           ,
           and
           hauing
           there
           a
           fire
           of
           burning
           coales
           ,
           which
           might
           raise
           vp
           a
           sudden
           dampe
           ,
           stopping
           his
           breath
           with
           a
           vaporous
           and
           darkish
           smoke
           ,
           departed
           this
           world
           ,
           rather
           according
           to
           his
           owne
           wish
           then
           his
           enemies
           will
           :
           then
           were
           the
           streetes
           ,
           channels
           ,
           theaters
           ,
           market
           places
           ,
           and
           temples
           strewed
           and
           ouerspread
           with
           carcasses
           ,
           so
           that
           it
           could
           hardly
           be
           iudged
           ,
           whether
           these
           two
           tyrants
           did
           slay
           more
           that
           they
           might
           obtaine
           the
           victorie
           ,
           or
           more
           were
           put
           to
           the
           sword
           that
           they
           might
           safely
           enioy
           the
           victorie
           .
           For
           euerie
           one
           to
           whome
           Marius
           would
           not
           reach
           out
           his
           hand
           by
           way
           of
           salutation
           ,
           was
           immediatly
           slaine
           .
           The
           common
           weale
           was
           now
           in
           a
           tottering
           and
           ruinous
           estate
           :
           couetousnesse
           was
           the
           cause
           of
           crueltie
           ,
           and
           the
           more
           wealthie
           a
           man
           was
           ,
           the
           more
           faultie
           he
           was
           iudged
           :
           the
           accuser
           of
           a
           rich
           man
           had
           his
           
           pay
           and
           reward
           out
           of
           the
           coffers
           of
           him
           that
           was
           accused
           :
           and
           then
           was
           profite
           and
           honestie
           confounded
           and
           made
           one
           .
           Afterward
           Cinna
           and
           Marius
           were
           Consuls
           ,
           Cinna
           was
           now
           the
           second
           time
           Consul
           ,
           Marius
           the
           seuenth
           
           time
           ,
           who
           in
           that
           consulship
           died
           ,
           a
           Romane
           in
           war
           terrible
           to
           his
           enemies
           ,
           in
           peace
           to
           his
           friends
           ,
           and
           at
           all
           times
           impatient
           of
           quietnesse
           :
           in
           his
           place
           was
           chosen
           Valerius
           Flaccus
           .
           Cinna
           being
           now
           the
           sole
           regent
           of
           Italie
           ,
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           the
           Nobilitie
           fled
           to
           Sylla
           into
           Achaia
           ,
           who
           in
           the
           meane
           time
           did
           so
           fight
           with
           Mithridates
           his
           Lieutenants
           and
           Coronels
           about
           Athens
           ,
           Macedonia
           ,
           and
           Beotia
           ,
           that
           he
           tooke
           Athens
           ,
           and
           made
           great
           hauocke
           of
           his
           enemies
           .
           But
           if
           any
           impute
           the
           rebellion
           of
           these
           times
           vnto
           the
           citie
           of
           
           Athens
           ,
           he
           is
           altogether
           ignorant
           of
           the
           truth
           .
           For
           the
           faith
           of
           the
           Athenians
           was
           alwaies
           so
           firme
           and
           inuiolate
           towards
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           that
           euery
           action
           which
           was
           performed
           without
           blemish
           or
           staine
           of
           promise
           ,
           was
           said
           to
           be
           done
           by
           an
           Athenian
           faith
           :
           but
           they
           being
           heauily
           oppressed
           by
           the
           vnsufferable
           vsage
           of
           Mithridates
           his
           host
           ,
           were
           besieged
           of
           their
           
           friends
           ,
           when
           they
           were
           held
           captiue
           of
           their
           enemies
           ,
           and
           obaying
           necessitie
           stayed
           their
           bodies
           within
           the
           wals
           ,
           though
           their
           minds
           were
           without
           ,
           and
           entirely
           with
           the
           Romans
           .
           Sylla
           did
           then
           conduct
           his
           armie
           into
           Asia
           ,
           where
           he
           found
           Mithridates
           very
           tractable
           &
           
           suppliant
           vnto
           him
           whome
           he
           punished
           with
           the
           paiment
           of
           a
           great
           summe
           of
           mony
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           losse
           of
           part
           of
           his
           nauie
           ,
           enioyning
           him
           to
           depart
           out
           of
           Asia
           ,
           and
           out
           of
           all
           the
           prouinces
           which
           he
           had
           vniustly
           inuaded
           ,
           and
           constraining
           him
           to
           content
           himselfe
           with
           the
           inheritance
           discended
           from
           his
           father
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           kingdome
           of
           Pontus
           :
           he
           tooke
           from
           Mithridates
           the
           Romane
           prisoners
           without
           ransome
           ,
           and
           vsed
           great
           seueritie
           against
           the
           traiterous
           reuolts
           ,
           and
           runagates
           .
           Sylla
           hauing
           thus
           appeased
           and
           qualified
           forraine
           affaires
           ,
           went
           by
           sea
           toward
           Rome
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           way
           met
           him
           certaine
           ambassadours
           from
           the
           
           Parthian
           king
           ,
           which
           were
           sent
           to
           gratulate
           his
           victorie
           ,
           he
           being
           the
           first
           of
           the
           Romanes
           to
           whome
           the
           king
           of
           Parthia
           sent
           ambassadours
           .
           There
           was
           nothing
           more
           worthie
           among
           Syllaes
           labours
           ,
           then
           that
           whole
           three
           
           yeares
           space
           ,
           whilst
           the
           factioners
           of
           Cinna
           &
           Marius
           did
           besiege
           the
           townes
           of
           Italie
           ,
           he
           neither
           pretended
           any
           fauour
           toward
           them
           ,
           neither
           did
           he
           omit
           that
           which
           he
           had
           in
           hād
           ,
           namely
           the
           subduing
           and
           vanquishing
           of
           forraine
           enemies
           :
           for
           he
           knew
           when
           external
           tumults
           were
           ended
           ,
           he
           might
           with
           more
           ease
           extinguish
           domesticall
           enemies
           .
           Before
           the
           comming
           of
           Sylla
           ,
           Cinna
           in
           a
           mutinie
           of
           his
           owne
           souldiers
           was
           slaine
           ,
           a
           captaine
           more
           
           worthie
           to
           be
           adiudged
           to
           death
           by
           the
           discretion
           of
           the
           conquerour
           ,
           then
           to
           loose
           his
           life
           through
           the
           furie
           of
           his
           souldiers
           ,
           of
           whom
           it
           may
           truly
           be
           said
           ,
           that
           he
           aduentured
           those
           things
           which
           no
           vertuous
           man
           wold
           attempt
           ,
           &
           that
           he
           brought
           those
           things
           to
           passe
           ,
           which
           none
           but
           a
           valiant
           souldier
           could
           accomplish
           .
           His
           fellow
           Cōsul
           Carbo
           hauing
           no
           colleague
           did
           now
           praedominate
           and
           beare
           sway
           .
           Sylla
           
           hauing
           entred
           Italie
           ,
           it
           was
           thought
           he
           came
           not
           as
           a
           reuenger
           of
           warre
           ,
           but
           as
           an
           authour
           of
           peace
           ,
           with
           such
           quietnesse
           and
           mildnesse
           he
           lead
           his
           armie
           through
           Calabria
           and
           Apulia
           ,
           with
           a
           great
           &
           speciall
           regard
           of
           the
           growing
           corne
           ,
           of
           meddowes
           ,
           of
           men
           ,
           of
           castles
           ,
           
           and
           cities
           ,
           and
           indeed
           he
           assayed
           by
           lawfull
           articles
           ,
           and
           equall
           conditions
           ,
           to
           appease
           the
           discord
           ,
           but
           peace
           could
           not
           please
           them
           which
           were
           immoderatly
           couetous
           .
           Sillaes
           army
           did
           daily
           increase
           ,
           euery
           good
           and
           discrete
           Italian
           making
           recourse
           vnto
           him
           ,
           and
           he
           had
           a
           most
           happy
           victory
           about
           Capua
           against
           Scipio
           and
           Norbanus
           Consuls
           ,
           Norbanus
           being
           ouercome
           by
           fight
           ,
           Scipio
           being
           forsaken
           of
           his
           army
           ,
           yet
           Sylla
           gaue
           him
           leaue
           to
           depart
           ,
           without
           hurt
           or
           hinderance
           ,
           so
           vnlike
           was
           he
           to
           himselfe
           in
           his
           warres
           ,
           and
           after
           his
           victory
           ,
           for
           whilst
           the
           victorie
           was
           fresh
           ,
           he
           was
           more
           mild
           then
           equitie
           required
           ,
           but
           when
           peace
           had
           taken
           roote
           ,
           he
           was
           more
           cruell
           then
           any
           barbarous
           Scythian
           ,
           for
           Q.
           Sertorious
           the
           fury
           and
           firebrand
           
           of
           that
           rebellious
           warre
           ,
           which
           not
           long
           after
           ensued
           ,
           being
           disarmed
           by
           Sylla
           ,
           was
           sent
           away
           in
           safety
           ,
           and
           many
           others
           he
           did
           with
           the
           same
           clemency
           intreate
           :
           of
           purpose
           ,
           as
           I
           thinke
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           giue
           an
           example
           of
           a
           double
           and
           diuerse
           mind
           in
           one
           man
           ,
           and
           by
           that
           meane
           shroud
           and
           couer
           the
           contents
           of
           his
           heart
           .
           At
           that
           time
           to
           fill
           vp
           the
           measure
           
           of
           publike
           mishap
           ,
           in
           the
           city
           of
           Rome
           ,
           where
           before
           men
           did
           emulate
           one
           another
           in
           vertuous
           actions
           ,
           now
           they
           did
           combate
           and
           contend
           in
           malicious
           practises
           ,
           &
           he
           thought
           himselfe
           the
           best
           man
           ,
           that
           was
           most
           wicked
           and
           iniurious
           .
           Sylla
           had
           three
           mighty
           aduersaries
           ,
           Carbo
           ,
           and
           C.
           Marius
           ,
           the
           sonne
           of
           Marius
           that
           was
           the
           seauenth
           time
           Consull
           ,
           which
           both
           were
           Consuls
           whilst
           Sylla
           rong
           an
           allarme
           at
           the
           gates
           of
           Preneste
           ,
           and
           Pontius
           Telesinus
           ,
           who
           leuying
           an
           army
           of
           the
           Samnites
           ,
           did
           stoutly
           confront
           Sylla
           before
           the
           walles
           of
           Preneste
           ,
           he
           was
           an
           Italian
           borne
           ,
           but
           was
           not
           free
           of
           the
           city
           of
           Rome
           ,
           a
           valiant
           souldier
           and
           a
           great
           enemy
           to
           a
           Romane
           name
           ,
           who
           stood
           in
           defence
           of
           Preneste
           ,
           but
           not
           with
           the
           Consuls
           .
           This
           Telesinus
           conducting
           
           forty
           thousand
           fighting
           men
           ioyned
           battell
           with
           Sylla
           at
           Collina
           ,
           and
           brought
           both
           him
           and
           the
           commō-weale
           to
           extreame
           danger
           :
           for
           Rome
           was
           not
           in
           greater
           feare
           ,
           when
           the
           tents
           of
           Hanniball
           were
           but
           three
           miles
           distant
           from
           her
           walles
           .
           Telesinus
           did
           greatly
           encourage
           his
           souldiers
           ,
           saying
           that
           
             the
             day
             of
             their
             battell
             was
             the
             last
             period
             of
             
             the
             Romane
             glorie
             ,
             and
             he
             cried
             that
             Rome
             ,
             Rome
             must
             be
             throwne
             downe
             ,
             and
             razed
             frō
             the
             foundations
             ,
             adding
             therewithall
             that
             there
             wold
             ▪
             neuer
             be
             wanting
             inuadors
             of
             the
             Italian
             liberties
             ,
             as
             long
             as
             the
             wood
             stoode
             where
             such
             wolues
             were
             harboured
             .
          
           At
           the
           first
           houre
           of
           the
           night
           the
           Romane
           armie
           reuiued
           their
           courage
           ,
           Telesinus
           the
           next
           day
           after
           was
           found
           halfe
           dead
           ,
           bearing
           the
           countenance
           rather
           of
           a
           conqueror
           then
           of
           a
           man
           subdued
           ,
           whose
           head
           being
           cut
           off
           Sylla
           cōmaunded
           to
           be
           caried
           along
           the
           streetes
           of
           
           Preneste
           .
           C.
           Marius
           ,
           his
           life
           being
           in
           a
           desperate
           case
           ,
           was
           faine
           to
           creepe
           through
           certaine
           holes
           of
           the
           earth
           to
           escape
           his
           enemies
           ,
           but
           he
           was
           slaine
           of
           Syllaes
           souldiers
           that
           were
           appointed
           for
           that
           purpose
           ,
           of
           which
           towardly
           gentleman
           ,
           what
           opinion
           Sylla
           caried
           ,
           a
           man
           may
           easily
           coniecture
           :
           for
           when
           he
           was
           slaine
           he
           intitled
           himselfe
           Sylla
           the
           fortunate
           ,
           which
           had
           indeed
           bene
           true
           if
           he
           had
           ended
           
           his
           life
           with
           his
           victories
           .
           For
           hauing
           entred
           the
           citie
           and
           vsurped
           the
           Dictatorship
           ,
           which
           had
           bene
           an
           hundred
           and
           twentie
           yeares
           intermitted
           ,
           (
           for
           the
           last
           Dictator
           before
           Sylla
           
           was
           made
           the
           first
           yeare
           after
           Hannibals
           departure
           out
           of
           Italie
           ,
           so
           that
           it
           was
           apparant
           ,
           that
           the
           Romanes
           did
           not
           so
           much
           desire
           the
           vse
           of
           a
           Dictator
           ,
           as
           they
           did
           feare
           his
           tyrannie
           )
           he
           began
           presently
           to
           broach
           the
           bloud
           of
           citizens
           ,
           hauing
           alreadie
           drawne
           to
           the
           bottome
           the
           bloud
           of
           straungers
           :
           foure
           legions
           of
           souldiers
           ,
           who
           had
           bene
           of
           the
           contrarie
           faction
           ,
           and
           had
           now
           vpon
           couenant
           of
           life
           submitted
           themselues
           to
           his
           mercie
           ,
           calling
           in
           vaine
           vpon
           the
           faith
           of
           a
           Romaine
           soldier
           ,
           he
           caused
           to
           be
           slaine
           :
           fiue
           thousand
           of
           that
           armie
           which
           fought
           against
           him
           at
           Preneste
           ,
           
           being
           promised
           life
           by
           P.
           Cethegus
           his
           Lieutenant
           ,
           he
           put
           to
           a
           sudden
           and
           vnlooked
           for
           death
           ,
           and
           caused
           their
           ioynts
           to
           be
           plucked
           in
           peeces
           ,
           and
           commaunded
           that
           they
           should
           be
           dispersed
           and
           cast
           abrode
           in
           the
           wastes
           and
           mores
           .
           After
           these
           great
           and
           extreme
           cruelties
           ,
           he
           put
           in
           practise
           the
           heauie
           penaltie
           of
           proscription
           ,
           which
           if
           it
           had
           died
           
           with
           Sylla
           ,
           would
           haue
           beene
           a
           great
           part
           of
           the
           Romane
           happinesse
           :
           by
           that
           meanes
           he
           brought
           to
           passe
           ,
           that
           whose
           names
           soeuer
           he
           writ
           in
           the
           table
           of
           proscription
           ,
           should
           be
           
           vpon
           their
           attachemēt
           presently
           put
           to
           death
           ,
           their
           goods
           also
           were
           subiect
           to
           sale
           ,
           euery
           one
           taking
           the
           benefit
           to
           whome
           Sylla
           would
           graunt
           it
           :
           neither
           was
           he
           content
           to
           rage
           against
           them
           onely
           which
           had
           before
           opposed
           themselues
           to
           him
           ,
           but
           the
           most
           quiet
           and
           innocent
           citizens
           for
           the
           greatnesse
           of
           their
           wealth
           he
           depriued
           also
           of
           life
           ,
           and
           against
           silly
           women
           did
           he
           bend
           his
           wrath
           ,
           as
           not
           satisfied
           with
           the
           death
           of
           men
           :
           and
           ,
           which
           was
           a
           signe
           of
           a
           Thracian
           crueltie
           ,
           as
           soone
           as
           the
           heads
           of
           the
           slaine
           citizens
           were
           parted
           from
           their
           trembling
           corses
           ,
           breathing
           as
           yet
           ,
           their
           faces
           being
           not
           wholly
           depriued
           of
           a
           vitall
           bloud
           ,
           he
           did
           gaze
           vpon
           them
           ,
           and
           tosse
           thē
           in
           his
           hands
           that
           he
           mightfeed
           on
           them
           with
           his
           eyes
           ,
           though
           he
           could
           not
           crush
           them
           with
           his
           teeth
           .
           VVith
           what
           sauagenesse
           did
           he
           behaue
           
           himselfe
           in
           the
           killing
           of
           M.
           Marius
           ,
           whose
           eyes
           were
           pluckt
           out
           before
           his
           death
           ,
           and
           euery
           part
           of
           his
           bodie
           was
           sundred
           and
           disioynted
           :
           and
           at
           that
           instant
           he
           enforced
           his
           
           sword
           through
           the
           bowels
           of
           M.
           Pletorius
           ,
           because
           he
           seemed
           to
           be
           grieued
           with
           the
           torture
           of
           M.
           Marius
           .
           O
           extreme
           punisher
           of
           pittie
           
           and
           compassion
           ,
           to
           whome
           it
           seemed
           a
           crime
           not
           to
           consent
           to
           crueltie
           .
           Neither
           did
           
           he
           spare
           the
           dead
           ,
           for
           the
           ashes
           of
           C.
           Marius
           the
           elder
           he
           caused
           to
           be
           raked
           out
           of
           the
           graue
           and
           throwne
           into
           a
           riuer
           .
           Sylla
           whilest
           he
           sought
           the
           victorie
           ,
           was
           to
           the
           Romanes
           a
           Scipio
           ,
           whilst
           he
           vsed
           it
           a
           very
           Mithridates
           .
           Many
           other
           bloudsheds
           he
           did
           commit
           ,
           and
           more
           would
           he
           haue
           committed
           ,
           had
           not
           the
           terrour
           of
           a
           guiltie
           conscience
           followed
           him
           ,
           with
           the
           blazing
           brand
           of
           his
           vexed
           soule
           ,
           which
           torment
           some
           cal
           an
           ecstasie
           ,
           some
           melancholie
           ,
           some
           madnesse
           ,
           but
           I
           denying
           it
           to
           be
           any
           one
           of
           these
           ,
           allow
           it
           to
           be
           all
           these
           ,
           doubtlesse
           it
           is
           a
           thing
           sooner
           felt
           thē
           known
           ,
           not
           to
           be
           auoided
           by
           medicine
           but
           by
           true
           felicitie
           .
           In
           this
           perplexitie
           he
           died
           ,
           and
           yet
           
           ceassed
           not
           the
           ciuill
           or
           rather
           vnciuil
           and
           vnbrotherly
           discord
           :
           thus
           was
           Rome
           the
           famous
           citie
           of
           Europe
           ,
           the
           mother
           and
           nurce
           of
           worthie
           Senators
           ,
           the
           miracle
           of
           nations
           ,
           the
           epitomie
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           the
           kingdome
           of
           Mars
           ,
           and
           the
           seauenheaded
           soueraigne
           of
           many
           prouinces
           exceedingly
           shaken
           with
           these
           quarrels
           ,
           stained
           with
           these
           bloudsheds
           ,
           and
           
           grieuously
           discomforted
           with
           the
           death
           of
           her
           children
           ,
           her
           babes
           were
           brought
           foorth
           for
           the
           sword
           to
           glut
           vpon
           ,
           the
           bodies
           of
           her
           ancients
           were
           made
           as
           pauements
           to
           walk
           vpō
           ,
           her
           matrons
           became
           a
           pray
           and
           prize
           to
           euery
           rauisher
           ,
           her
           priests
           and
           deuoute
           sacrificers
           were
           slaine
           before
           the
           gates
           of
           the
           temples
           .
           Syllaes
           bodie
           was
           conueied
           in
           sumptuous
           manner
           to
           Campus
           Martius
           ,
           in
           which
           place
           before
           the
           buriall
           the
           two
           Consuls
           ,
           namely
           M.
           Aemilius
           Lepidus
           ,
           and
           Q.
           Luctatius
           Catulus
           
           did
           earnestly
           debate
           about
           the
           repealing
           and
           cancelling
           of
           the
           acts
           and
           decrees
           of
           Sylla
           .
           Lepidus
           vrged
           that
           they
           who
           were
           proscribed
           by
           Sylla
           ,
           ought
           incontinent
           to
           be
           reduced
           to
           the
           citie
           ,
           and
           there
           to
           haue
           restitution
           of
           their
           goods
           .
           Catulus
           together
           with
           the
           Senate
           defended
           the
           contrarie
           ,
           saying
           that
           though
           his
           motion
           were
           good
           and
           honest
           ,
           yet
           it
           might
           be
           the
           beginning
           of
           some
           tumult
           ,
           which
           would
           be
           most
           daungerous
           if
           it
           were
           suddenly
           done
           ,
           because
           the
           common-weale
           was
           but
           newly
           recomforted
           ,
           and
           had
           as
           yet
           enioyed
           but
           a
           short
           pause
           of
           tranquilitie
           .
           By
           this
           dissention
           they
           fell
           to
           weapons
           ,
           Cn.
           Pōpeius
           
           and
           Q.
           Catulus
           hauing
           gathered
           an
           armie
           
           did
           proffer
           battell
           to
           Lepidus
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           light
           skirmish
           ouercame
           him
           .
           Not
           long
           before
           the
           death
           of
           Sylla
           ,
           Q.
           Sertorius
           rising
           in
           armes
           maintained
           warre
           in
           Spaine
           :
           for
           when
           he
           saw
           that
           the
           faction
           of
           Marius
           which
           he
           specially
           fauoured
           ,
           was
           vtterly
           defeated
           and
           dissipated
           by
           L.
           Sylla
           ,
           he
           fled
           presently
           into
           Spaine
           ,
           where
           before
           he
           had
           bene
           Pretor
           ,
           &
           there
           hauing
           gathered
           a
           great
           host
           and
           contriued
           
           an
           huge
           nauie
           ,
           fearing
           lest
           Sylla
           ,
           who
           had
           put
           Carbo
           to
           flight
           and
           slaine
           Marius
           ,
           should
           send
           an
           armie
           against
           him
           ,
           he
           caused
           
           Liuius
           Salinator
           his
           Lieutenant
           to
           encampe
           in
           the
           mountaines
           of
           Pyraeneum
           ,
           but
           he
           was
           afterward
           slaine
           by
           C.
           Anius
           the
           Romane
           Proconsul
           ,
           who
           was
           sent
           thither
           to
           abate
           the
           courage
           of
           Sertorius
           ,
           and
           after
           him
           Q.
           Metellus
           was
           also
           sent
           ,
           but
           their
           proceedings
           were
           not
           prosperous
           .
           VVherefore
           Cn.
           Pompeius
           being
           as
           yet
           a
           priuate
           man
           ,
           had
           charge
           giuen
           him
           of
           the
           Senate
           to
           go
           into
           Spaine
           .
           There
           came
           at
           that
           time
           for
           the
           aide
           and
           assistance
           of
           Sertorius
           ,
           M.
           Perperna
           with
           a
           great
           multitude
           of
           souldiers
           .
           Cn.
           Pompeius
           made
           
           way
           for
           himselfe
           through
           the
           Alpes
           ,
           betwixt
           the
           famous
           springs
           of
           Padus
           and
           Rhodanus
           .
           He
           immediatly
           after
           his
           coming
           into
           Spain
           ,
           did
           enter
           into
           conflict
           with
           two
           of
           Sertorius
           his
           captaines
           ,
           Herennius
           and
           Perperna
           ,
           and
           not
           farre
           from
           the
           citie
           of
           Talentia
           ouercame
           them
           :
           Herennius
           was
           there
           slaine
           ,
           Perperna
           escaped
           by
           flight
           .
           Pompey
           did
           passe
           the
           winter
           in
           the
           Pyrenae
           an
           mountaines
           ,
           Sertorius
           in
           Lusitania
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           spring
           ,
           Metellus
           and
           Pompeius
           did
           encounter
           with
           seuerall
           armies
           Sertorius
           and
           Perperna
           ,
           in
           which
           battell
           Sertorius
           constrained
           Pompey
           to
           fly
           ,
           and
           Metellus
           draue
           Perperna
           to
           the
           like
           extremitie
           ,
           Pōpey
           was
           at
           that
           time
           wounded
           in
           the
           thigh
           ,
           afterward
           they
           met
           againe
           at
           Seguntia
           ,
           where
           Sertorius
           did
           the
           second
           time
           ouerthrow
           Pompey
           ,
           and
           Metellus
           Perperna
           :
           the
           third
           time
           when
           Sertorius
           was
           coming
           against
           Metellus
           ,
           Pompey
           meeting
           him
           in
           the
           way
           ,
           caused
           him
           to
           retire
           :
           Sertorius
           did
           againe
           oppose
           himselfe
           to
           Pompey
           .
           Hauing
           taking
           Segida
           a
           noble
           citie
           of
           Celtiberia
           ,
           where
           Sertorius
           lost
           a
           thousand
           souldiers
           &
           Pompey
           as
           many
           :
           then
           they
           turned
           thēselues
           
           to
           the
           besieging
           of
           townes
           ,
           Pompey
           did
           besiege
           Palantia
           ,
           but
           Sertorius
           did
           raise
           the
           siege
           ,
           and
           of
           them
           which
           besieged
           Caliguriū
           he
           did
           slay
           three
           thousand
           .
           Metellus
           and
           Pōpeius
           with
           great
           stoutnesse
           &
           stomacke
           took
           many
           cities
           that
           were
           leagued
           with
           Sertorius
           and
           at
           Ilerda
           and
           Iliosca
           the
           townes
           of
           the
           Ilergitanes
           they
           put
           Sertorius
           to
           a
           desperate
           plunge
           ,
           but
           Caligurium
           the
           citie
           of
           the
           Vascons
           he
           did
           with
           much
           prowesse
           &
           puissance
           defend
           .
           Sertorius
           was
           like
           to
           Iugurth
           in
           his
           fight
           ,
           and
           in
           his
           fortune
           not
           vnlike
           to
           him
           ,
           the
           exploits
           and
           stratagemes
           of
           them
           both
           were
           singular
           and
           admirable
           ,
           but
           their
           end
           and
           last
           euent
           was
           miserable
           and
           mournefull
           .
           Iugurtha
           
           was
           taken
           by
           treacherie
           :
           Sertorius
           by
           the
           treason
           of
           M.
           Antonius
           and
           M.
           Perperna
           his
           captaines
           was
           slaine
           ,
           as
           he
           was
           sitting
           at
           a
           bāquet
           ,
           in
           the
           eight
           yeare
           of
           his
           rebellion
           ,
           his
           empire
           was
           presently
           transferred
           to
           M.
           Perperna
           ,
           whome
           Pompey
           ouercame
           ,
           tooke
           prisoner
           ,
           and
           put
           to
           death
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           tenth
           yeare
           after
           the
           beginning
           of
           this
           warre
           ,
           he
           tooke
           Spaine
           .
           The
           Romanes
           were
           in
           these
           times
           busied
           &
           molested
           in
           Italie
           by
           certaine
           
           fencers
           or
           sword
           players
           ,
           trayned
           vp
           in
           a
           shadowed
           fight
           vnder
           the
           gouernment
           of
           Lentulus
           ,
           but
           defying
           their
           maister
           ,
           and
           stirred
           with
           an
           hellish
           humor
           to
           seate
           themselues
           in
           the
           highest
           thrones
           of
           honor
           (
           for
           as
           fire
           is
           to
           gunpowder
           ,
           so
           is
           ambition
           to
           the
           heart
           of
           man
           ,
           which
           if
           it
           be
           but
           touched
           with
           selfe-loue
           mounteth
           aloft
           and
           neuer
           bēdeth
           downward
           till
           it
           be
           turned
           to
           ashes
           )
           they
           raunged
           themselues
           ,
           and
           drew
           to
           their
           ensignes
           a
           great
           multitude
           offorlorn
           men
           .
           For
           in
           processe
           of
           time
           their
           armie
           did
           encrease
           to
           fourescore
           thousand
           and
           moe
           .
           The
           leaders
           were
           Spartacus
           ,
           Enomans
           ,
           and
           Crixus
           ,
           who
           making
           great
           spoile
           and
           saccage
           in
           Italie
           ,
           at
           length
           imbattelled
           themselues
           vpon
           the
           mountaine
           Vesurius
           .
           Against
           them
           were
           sent
           Clodius
           Glaber
           ,
           and
           Publius
           Varinius
           ,
           but
           their
           armies
           were
           suddenly
           by
           these
           enemies
           discomfited
           :
           therefore
           the
           yeare
           next
           ensuing
           C.
           Lentulus
           and
           L.
           Gellius
           Consuls
           ,
           and
           Q.
           Arrius
           the
           Praetor
           prepared
           against
           them
           .
           Crixus
           one
           of
           these
           rebellious
           captaines
           ,
           was
           together
           with
           his
           whole
           armie
           vtterly
           ouerthrowne
           :
           but
           Spartacus
           ,
           in
           whome
           was
           more
           vigor
           of
           sinewes
           ,
           
           courage
           ,
           and
           counsell
           ,
           conducting
           his
           souldiers
           from
           the
           Apennine
           mountaine
           to
           the
           Alpes
           ,
           and
           from
           the
           Alpes
           into
           France
           ,
           was
           at
           the
           first
           enforced
           to
           retire
           by
           one
           of
           the
           Consuls
           ,
           by
           the
           other
           to
           flye
           .
           But
           afterward
           hauing
           animated
           ,
           surueyed
           ,
           and
           marshalled
           his
           men
           ,
           he
           did
           suddenly
           turne
           backe
           
           vpon
           the
           Consuls
           ,
           gaue
           them
           battell
           ,
           in
           seuerall
           places
           ouercame
           them
           :
           &
           was
           marching
           toward
           Rome
           there
           to
           possesse
           himself
           of
           the
           Capitole
           ,
           and
           to
           erect
           a
           monarchie
           ,
           but
           that
           the
           Consuls
           reuniting
           their
           dissipated
           forces
           ,
           did
           hardly
           with
           much
           labour
           &
           great
           slaughter
           of
           men
           restraine
           and
           hinder
           him
           .
           But
           he
           hauing
           lost
           his
           purpose
           ,
           yet
           not
           loosing
           his
           
           time
           surprised
           the
           goodly
           citie
           of
           the
           Thuririans
           ,
           where
           breathing
           for
           a
           while
           &
           refreshing
           his
           armie
           ,
           and
           soone
           after
           reencountring
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           he
           obtained
           a
           glorious
           victorie
           ,
           and
           a
           plentifull
           spoile
           .
           This
           successe
           did
           notably
           enhance
           the
           pride
           of
           Spartacus
           ,
           who
           presuming
           now
           that
           he
           was
           better
           then
           the
           Consuls
           ,
           thought
           himselfe
           therefore
           fit
           to
           be
           a
           king
           .
           And
           as
           Athenio
           not
           long
           before
           ,
           a
           shepheard
           and
           drudge
           in
           the
           fields
           ,
           hauing
           
           slaine
           his
           maister
           in
           Sicilie
           ,
           and
           mustred
           vnder
           ensigne
           a
           great
           number
           of
           vagrant
           persons
           ,
           by
           whose
           meanes
           he
           did
           spoile
           ,
           and
           lay
           wast
           many
           hamlets
           ,
           castles
           ,
           and
           villages
           ,
           and
           applauding
           to
           himselfe
           in
           this
           succesfull
           pillage
           and
           roguerie
           ,
           was
           adorned
           with
           a
           purple
           garment
           ,
           strowted
           and
           walked
           along
           with
           a
           staffe
           of
           siluer
           ,
           and
           enuironed
           his
           head
           with
           a
           crowne
           of
           gold
           :
           so
           did
           this
           rebell
           of
           Italie
           assume
           to
           himselfe
           a
           regall
           pompe
           and
           title
           ,
           &
           making
           fortune
           his
           rest
           ,
           which
           of
           all
           things
           is
           most
           vnlike
           to
           it selfe
           ,
           thought
           he
           might
           as
           easily
           continue
           as
           beginne
           a
           conquest
           .
           But
           the
           Romanes
           who
           neuer
           could
           suffer
           victorie
           to
           warme
           her selfe
           long
           with
           the
           robes
           of
           a
           straunger
           ,
           committed
           the
           whole
           scope
           and
           
           charge
           of
           the
           warre
           to
           M.
           Crassus
           their
           Praetor
           ,
           a
           man
           ambitious
           and
           venturous
           :
           he
           hauing
           ioyned
           battell
           with
           Granicus
           one
           of
           the
           rebell
           chieftaines
           ,
           did
           slay
           both
           the
           captaine
           and
           thirtie
           fiue
           thousand
           of
           his
           souldiers
           ,
           and
           after
           fighting
           with
           Spartacus
           did
           slay
           him
           ,
           &
           with
           him
           fortie
           thousand
           ,
           fiue
           thousand
           onely
           escaped
           ,
           whom
           Cn.
           Pompeius
           returning
           from
           the
           Spanish
           warre
           ,
           did
           suddenly
           meete
           
           and
           presently
           put
           to
           the
           sword
           .
           After
           these
           times
           M.
           Cicero
           being
           Consul
           ,
           whose
           nouity
           and
           strangenesse
           in
           Rome
           ,
           the
           nobilitie
           and
           rarenesse
           of
           his
           good
           gifts
           might
           iustly
           excuse
           who
           for
           all
           his
           excellent
           qualities
           was
           more
           beholding
           to
           nature
           then
           education
           ,
           as
           for
           his
           vertue
           famous
           ,
           so
           for
           his
           eloquence
           most
           famous
           ,
           by
           whom
           it
           was
           that
           the
           Romanes
           were
           not
           inferiour
           to
           them
           in
           wit
           ,
           whom
           they
           vanquished
           in
           warre
           ,
           the
           conspiracie
           of
           Catiline
           was
           detected
           and
           determined
           ,
           and
           Cicero
           for
           his
           constancie
           ,
           courage
           ,
           &
           watchfulnesse
           ,
           in
           suppressing
           the
           scalefire
           of
           that
           warre
           to
           the
           vtmost
           cinder
           ,
           was
           intitled
           by
           
           the
           name
           of
           Pater
           patriae
           ,
           the
           father
           of
           his
           countrey
           .
           But
           before
           I
           enter
           into
           the
           discourse
           of
           his
           rebellion
           ,
           I
           must
           make
           knowne
           the
           person
           of
           the
           traytor
           ,
           and
           the
           cause
           of
           the
           treason
           .
           L.
           Sergius
           Catilina
           was
           in
           face
           and
           
           feature
           comely
           and
           absolute
           ,
           in
           wit
           prompt
           and
           pregnant
           ,
           in
           eloquence
           sweet
           and
           delightfull
           ,
           in
           pompe
           and
           maiestie
           princely
           and
           regall
           ,
           in
           courtly
           behauiour
           quaint
           and
           delicate
           :
           and
           to
           set
           vpon
           this
           gold
           a
           Diamond
           ,
           of
           a
           most
           noble
           parentage
           .
           There
           were
           certaine
           
           families
           amongst
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           which
           surmounted
           &
           ouerheaded
           the
           rest
           ,
           being
           most
           auncient
           and
           of
           a
           worthie
           originall
           ,
           and
           they
           are
           parted
           into
           two
           discents
           ,
           some
           of
           them
           hauing
           the
           Aborigines
           to
           their
           auncestours
           ,
           and
           some
           the
           Troianes
           .
           The
           first
           and
           principall
           of
           the
           race
           of
           the
           Aborigines
           ,
           was
           the
           familie
           of
           the
           Vitellij
           ,
           being
           discended
           frō
           Faunus
           the
           king
           of
           the
           Aborigines
           ,
           which
           did
           inhabite
           Italie
           before
           the
           comming
           of
           Aeneas
           ,
           and
           Queene
           Vitellia
           ,
           which
           in
           many
           places
           was
           worshipped
           as
           a
           goddesse
           :
           the
           secōd
           was
           the
           familie
           of
           the
           Fabij
           ,
           whose
           ofspring
           is
           rightly
           deriued
           from
           Fabius
           the
           son
           of
           Hercules
           :
           the
           third
           was
           the
           lineage
           of
           the
           Antonij
           ,
           issuing
           from
           Anton
           an
           other
           of
           Hercules
           his
           sonnes
           :
           the
           fourth
           was
           the
           race
           of
           the
           Potitij
           ,
           so
           named
           of
           Potitius
           ,
           who
           did
           with
           great
           curtesie
           entertaine
           Hercules
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           entred
           Italie
           :
           the
           fift
           was
           the
           house
           of
           the
           Mamilij
           ,
           borne
           of
           Mamilia
           the
           daughter
           of
           Telegonus
           one
           of
           Vlysses
           his
           sonnes
           begotten
           of
           Circe
           that
           notorious
           enchauntresse
           .
           The
           other
           families
           which
           referred
           their
           beginning
           to
           the
           Troiane
           roote
           ,
           were
           ten
           in
           number
           :
           
           first
           the
           house
           of
           the
           Iulij
           ,
           who
           descended
           frō
           Iulus
           the
           sonne
           of
           Aeneas
           :
           the
           second
           the
           Aemilij
           ,
           who
           tooke
           their
           name
           of
           Aemilius
           the
           sonne
           of
           Ascanius
           a
           Troiane
           ,
           &
           of
           that
           house
           was
           the
           matchlesse
           Scipio
           ,
           sonne
           to
           Paulus
           Aemilius
           ,
           who
           being
           the
           Romane
           Generall
           destroyed
           Carthage
           .
           The
           third
           the
           Nautij
           of
           Nautes
           one
           of
           Aeneas
           his
           companions
           :
           for
           when
           Diomedes
           hauing
           stolen
           the
           image
           of
           Pallas
           ,
           did
           perceiue
           that
           it
           was
           of
           no
           vse
           to
           him
           ,
           after
           the
           destruction
           of
           Troy
           he
           offered
           it
           as
           a
           present
           to
           Aeneas
           passing
           by
           his
           kingdome
           ,
           but
           as
           Aeneas
           doing
           then
           sacrifice
           was
           turning
           himselfe
           ,
           Nautes
           did
           lay
           hold
           of
           the
           image
           ,
           &
           by
           that
           meanes
           did
           appropriate
           the
           vse
           of
           it
           to
           himselfe
           ,
           so
           that
           the
           Nautij
           and
           not
           the
           Iulij
           did
           enioy
           the
           mysteries
           of
           Minerua
           :
           the
           fourth
           the
           Cloaelij
           of
           Cloaelius
           an
           other
           of
           Aeneas
           his
           companions
           :
           the
           fift
           the
           Iunij
           of
           Iunius
           
           an
           other
           of
           his
           associates
           :
           the
           sixt
           the
           Sergij
           of
           Sergestus
           one
           of
           the
           Troiane
           captaines
           ,
           of
           which
           familie
           was
           L.
           Sergius
           Catilina
           ,
           and
           before
           him
           none
           of
           that
           name
           was
           euer
           tainted
           with
           any
           sauour
           of
           rebellion
           .
           The
           seuenth
           the
           Memij
           of
           Muesteus
           ,
           an
           other
           of
           the
           Troiane
           
           trauellers
           ,
           the
           eight
           the
           Cloantij
           of
           Cloanthus
           a
           bird
           of
           the
           same
           fether
           ,
           the
           ninth
           the
           Giganij
           or
           the
           Gianij
           of
           the
           Troiane
           Gias
           ,
           the
           tenth
           the
           Caecilij
           of
           Saeculus
           a
           Troiane
           also
           who
           built
           Preneste
           .
           Catiline
           being
           adorned
           with
           the
           nobilitie
           aboue
           described
           ,
           made
           himselfe
           through
           his
           vices
           and
           misdemeanor
           ignoble
           and
           odious
           :
           his
           life
           was
           the
           picture
           of
           licentiousnesse
           :
           to
           women
           he
           was
           so
           lewdly
           affectionate
           ,
           that
           euery
           curtizane
           of
           Rome
           layed
           claime
           vnto
           him
           .
           And
           to
           marie
           Aurelia
           Orestilla
           into
           a
           vacant
           house
           ,
           he
           committed
           the
           shamefull
           murder
           of
           his
           owne
           and
           onely
           
           child
           :
           for
           two
           things
           he
           promised
           her
           ,
           and
           performed
           for
           her
           ,
           which
           were
           tokens
           of
           a
           mercilesse
           heart
           ,
           the
           balefull
           death
           of
           his
           son
           ,
           and
           the
           chaunge
           of
           the
           state
           ,
           in
           such
           sort
           that
           Aurelia
           Orestilla
           should
           be
           the
           Dictatresse
           of
           Rome
           .
           And
           for
           the
           performance
           he
           bound
           himselfe
           by
           a
           cursed
           circumstance
           ,
           drinking
           mans
           bloud
           to
           fill
           his
           bloudthirstie
           humour
           .
           In
           al
           his
           actions
           he
           was
           a
           perfect
           Protean
           ,
           framing
           and
           composing
           himselfe
           to
           all
           sides
           and
           sects
           :
           with
           the
           grauer
           sort
           of
           men
           he
           would
           be
           sad
           and
           seuere
           :
           with
           the
           riotous
           ,
           prodigall
           &
           
           excessiue
           :
           with
           chast
           matrons
           modest
           and
           buxome
           :
           with
           light
           huswiues
           wanton
           and
           vaine
           :
           with
           young
           gentlemen
           pleasant
           and
           actiue
           :
           with
           auncient
           fathers
           demure
           and
           deliberatiue
           :
           to
           the
           baser
           sort
           curteous
           and
           pitifull
           :
           to
           the
           nobler
           persons
           sociable
           and
           gratefull
           :
           so
           variable
           &
           discoulored
           he
           was
           in
           his
           doings
           ,
           that
           M.
           Cicero
           did
           greatly
           maruell
           at
           his
           manifold
           dexteritie
           .
           The
           first
           sparks
           of
           Catilines
           conspiracie
           began
           to
           blaze
           and
           appeare
           ,
           L.
           Tullus
           ,
           M.
           Lepidus
           being
           Consuls
           ,
           sixe
           hundred
           eightie
           &
           seuen
           yeres
           after
           the
           building
           
           of
           Rome
           .
           At
           that
           time
           was
           Catuline
           greatly
           indebted
           ,
           &
           because
           he
           could
           not
           discharge
           the
           summe
           within
           the
           time
           appointed
           and
           limited
           by
           lawe
           ,
           nor
           bring
           in
           an
           estimate
           or
           valuation
           of
           his
           goods
           ,
           whereby
           it
           might
           appeare
           that
           he
           was
           able
           to
           defray
           the
           debt
           ,
           he
           
           was
           forbidden
           to
           make
           sute
           for
           the
           Consulship
           ,
           whereupon
           being
           stirred
           by
           a
           reuengefull
           wrath
           ,
           he
           sought
           by
           all
           meanes
           possible
           to
           execute
           his
           iniurious
           intent
           .
           There
           was
           at
           that
           time
           in
           Rome
           Cn.
           Piso
           ,
           a
           man
           of
           desperate
           boldnesse
           ,
           poore
           and
           yet
           presumptuous
           ,
           Catiline
           did
           open
           and
           impart
           his
           meaning
           to
           
           him
           and
           Pub.
           Antronius
           ,
           and
           they
           three
           determined
           to
           kill
           the
           Consuls
           ,
           which
           were
           made
           the
           next
           yeare
           after
           Catilines
           repulse
           .
           The
           inquisition
           of
           this
           matter
           was
           deferred
           till
           it
           came
           to
           greater
           ripenesse
           .
           Afterward
           they
           intended
           the
           death
           of
           the
           most
           part
           of
           the
           Senators
           :
           the
           time
           was
           appointed
           when
           their
           complices
           and
           confederates
           ,
           abbetters
           ,
           and
           assistants
           should
           meet
           in
           armour
           :
           but
           because
           Catiline
           perceiued
           that
           the
           number
           of
           these
           rebellious
           souldiers
           was
           not
           yet
           sufficient
           to
           giue
           onset
           to
           the
           citie
           ,
           he
           withdrew
           his
           hand
           for
           a
           time
           ,
           and
           dismissed
           the
           armie
           .
           But
           a
           yeare
           after
           M.
           Cicero
           ,
           and
           C.
           Antonius
           hauing
           entred
           the
           Consulship
           ,
           Catiline
           being
           now
           also
           disgraced
           with
           another
           repulse
           ,
           recollected
           into
           his
           seditious
           braine
           his
           auncient
           plots
           and
           former
           villanies
           :
           then
           he
           conspired
           with
           P.
           Lentulus
           &
           C.
           Cethegus
           Praetors
           to
           worke
           the
           death
           of
           the
           Consuls
           ,
           to
           slay
           the
           Senate
           ,
           to
           burne
           the
           citie
           ,
           and
           to
           alter
           the
           state
           :
           and
           for
           this
           purpose
           they
           did
           by
           letters
           inuite
           to
           this
           horrible
           massacre
           many
           Romanes
           that
           were
           employed
           in
           forraine
           seruice
           .
           This
           being
           apparantly
           euident
           ,
           &
           dangers
           
           being
           now
           at
           the
           doore
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           readinesse
           to
           pierce
           into
           the
           citie
           ,
           vnlesse
           some
           mature
           aduise
           were
           presently
           taken
           ,
           a
           Senate
           was
           appointed
           in
           the
           temple
           of
           Iupiter
           Stator
           ,
           vnto
           which
           place
           shamelesse
           Catiline
           ,
           imagining
           that
           he
           might
           bleare
           their
           eyes
           by
           a
           pretended
           purgation
           resorted
           also
           ,
           and
           with
           an
           vnchaunged
           countenance
           shrowded
           vnder
           the
           habite
           of
           a
           Senator
           ,
           the
           heart
           of
           a
           serpent
           .
           And
           because
           the
           method
           of
           this
           historie
           may
           seeme
           in
           this
           place
           to
           require
           some
           description
           of
           the
           Senatorie
           state
           ,
           I
           will
           briefly
           set
           downe
           the
           constant
           and
           perpetuall
           order
           of
           the
           Romanes
           in
           going
           to
           their
           senate
           house
           ,
           though
           I
           cannot
           counteruaile
           with
           aequall
           termes
           ,
           nor
           with
           a
           perfect
           discourse
           the
           great
           maiestie
           and
           pompe
           ,
           that
           in
           this
           reuerend
           solemnitie
           was
           obserued
           .
           The
           first
           place
           in
           the
           proceeding
           to
           their
           Senate
           had
           the
           Dictator
           ,
           
           (
           when
           that
           office
           was
           in
           esse
           )
           the
           next
           the
           Consuls
           ,
           the
           third
           the
           Praetors
           :
           the
           Dictator
           was
           therefore
           preferred
           because
           his
           power
           was
           supreme
           ,
           and
           was
           not
           subiect
           to
           the
           controll
           of
           any
           other
           ,
           the
           Consuls
           were
           in
           the
           second
           place
           ,
           because
           they
           were
           in
           praeheminence
           
           next
           to
           the
           Dictator
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           decrees
           of
           the
           Senate
           were
           ratified
           by
           thē
           ,
           bearing
           date
           according
           to
           the
           dignitie
           of
           their
           persons
           :
           their
           triumphs
           also
           were
           signed
           with
           the
           same
           marke
           :
           such
           a
           triumph
           was
           said
           to
           be
           done
           ,
           such
           an
           one
           being
           the
           second
           time
           Consull
           ,
           and
           such
           an
           one
           being
           the
           third
           time
           Cōsul
           ,
           according
           as
           their
           aduancement
           was
           .
           In
           the
           third
           rancke
           of
           these
           greater
           Magistrates
           were
           the
           Praetors
           ,
           because
           they
           had
           authoritie
           to
           call
           a
           Senate
           as
           the
           Dictator
           &
           the
           Consuls
           had
           ,
           which
           was
           not
           permitted
           to
           the
           inferiour
           magistrates
           :
           they
           had
           also
           iurisdiction
           to
           examine
           any
           matter
           that
           was
           done
           within
           the
           hundred
           stone
           ,
           after
           the
           vulgar
           supputation
           ,
           within
           an
           hundred
           miles
           of
           the
           citie
           of
           Rome
           on
           euery
           side
           .
           Before
           the
           Dictator
           went
           twelue
           Lictors
           or
           Sergeants
           ,
           who
           at
           the
           bidding
           of
           the
           Dictator
           and
           Consuls
           did
           arrest
           offenders
           ,
           and
           commaunded
           strangers
           that
           met
           them
           in
           signe
           of
           reuerence
           to
           light
           from
           their
           horses
           ,
           they
           caried
           in
           their
           hands
           an
           ensigne
           of
           terror
           ,
           a
           double
           poleaxe
           enuironed
           with
           a
           bundle
           of
           rods
           .
           The
           Dictator
           was
           caried
           in
           a
           chaire
           of
           estate
           ,
           being
           clad
           
           with
           a
           purple
           gowne
           ,
           edged
           with
           a
           crimson
           border
           ,
           and
           inuested
           with
           a
           robe
           triumphall
           ,
           which
           were
           the
           ornaments
           of
           the
           auncient
           kings
           of
           Rome
           :
           the
           same
           attire
           had
           the
           Consuls
           and
           Praetors
           ,
           but
           the
           Praetors
           did
           weare
           a
           siluer
           coloured
           garment
           ,
           and
           did
           alwaies
           ride
           vpon
           milke
           white
           horses
           :
           after
           these
           the
           next
           place
           had
           the
           Cēsors
           ,
           if
           there
           were
           any
           at
           that
           time
           ,
           for
           they
           were
           in
           the
           number
           of
           principall
           magistrates
           ,
           their
           office
           being
           not
           of
           perpetuitie
           ,
           no
           more
           then
           the
           Dictatorship
           .
           After
           these
           being
           the
           more
           worthie
           potentates
           ,
           the
           inferiour
           sort
           of
           the
           authorized
           persons
           did
           immediatly
           follow
           .
           The
           first
           of
           that
           order
           were
           the
           Aediles
           of
           the
           chaire
           ,
           because
           they
           were
           conueyed
           to
           the
           senatehouse
           in
           a
           chaire
           of
           yuorie
           ,
           which
           monument
           of
           honour
           ,
           as
           it
           seemeth
           was
           permitted
           vnto
           them
           ,
           because
           in
           ancient
           times
           they
           were
           trusted
           and
           adorned
           with
           the
           entire
           regimēt
           of
           the
           citie
           :
           these
           were
           created
           of
           the
           bodie
           of
           the
           Senate
           :
           next
           to
           them
           succeeded
           the
           Aediles
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           which
           were
           raised
           to
           that
           dignitie
           from
           the
           roote
           of
           the
           people
           :
           after
           the
           Aediles
           followed
           they
           which
           had
           borne
           office
           ,
           though
           they
           
           were
           not
           charged
           with
           any
           office
           that
           present
           yeare
           .
           All
           of
           them
           seuerally
           marshalled
           according
           to
           the
           worthinesse
           of
           their
           calling
           ,
           the
           Consulians
           ,
           the
           Praetorians
           ,
           the
           Aedilitians
           ,
           the
           last
           place
           had
           the
           Senators
           ,
           which
           had
           not
           yet
           borne
           office
           .
           The
           number
           of
           them
           all
           in
           such
           an
           assemblie
           did
           some
           time
           amount
           to
           the
           number
           of
           sixe
           hundred
           all
           of
           them
           ,
           these
           onely
           excepted
           who
           were
           borne
           in
           chaires
           of
           estate
           ,
           riding
           on
           faire
           pampered
           horses
           ,
           and
           long
           traind
           gownes
           ,
           the
           skirts
           of
           which
           were
           circumscribed
           with
           these
           words
           ,
           Senatus
           ,
           populusque
           Romanus
           .
           VVhen
           the
           Senators
           were
           placed
           ,
           and
           euery
           one
           began
           to
           expect
           what
           should
           be
           spoken
           against
           the
           rebellious
           confederates
           ,
           M.
           Cicero
           aiming
           at
           Catiline
           with
           his
           eyes
           ,
           did
           thus
           pierce
           him
           with
           his
           tongue
           ,
           &
           with
           this
           inuectiue
           reprooued
           his
           maners
           .
        
         
           VVas
           there
           euer
           seene
           so
           great
           and
           notorious
           
           impudencie
           ,
           graue
           fathers
           and
           worthie
           
             Senators
             ,
             that
             a
             dissolute
             and
             disorderly
             rebell
             ,
             a
             professor
             of
             prodigalitie
             and
             vnthriftinesse
             ,
             a
             maintainer
             of
             theeues
             ,
             barrettors
             and
             seditious
             slaughterers
             ,
             a
             proclaimed
             enemie
             to
             temperance
             ,
             iustice
             ,
             chastitie
             ,
             &
             the
             whole
             
             synode
             of
             the
             seuerer
             vertues
             ,
             a
             man
             or
             rather
             a
             monster
             of
             men
             ,
             compacted
             of
             vices
             &
             vanities
             ,
             should
             dare
             so
             much
             as
             to
             staine
             this
             sacred
             presence
             with
             his
             prophane
             person
             ,
             &
             though
             he
             conspire
             against
             vs
             ,
             yet
             amongst
             vs
             to
             consult
             .
             To
             consult
             (
             said
             I
             )
             nay
             to
             conceale
             his
             trecherie
             .
             VVhat
             should
             the
             iay
             do
             amongst
             swans
             ,
             or
             the
             owle
             amongst
             nightingales
             ,
             or
             the
             vultur
             amongst
             amongst
             doues
             ,
             or
             Catiline
             amōgst
             Catoes
             :
             do
             we
             not
             dread
             the
             thunderbolt
             when
             we
             see
             the
             lightening
             ?
             and
             can
             we
             loue
             the
             traytor
             when
             we
             loath
             his
             treason
             ?
             Canst
             thou
             so
             dissemble
             Catiline
             that
             we
             may
             not
             discerne
             thy
             doings
             ?
             Nay
             there
             is
             no
             deed
             of
             thine
             ,
             no
             drift
             nor
             deuise
             ,
             which
             I
             haue
             not
             heard
             ,
             nay
             almost
             seene
             ,
             nay
             almost
             felt
             .
             Here
             ,
             here
             they
             be
             in
             this
             our
             assemblie
             (
             worthie
             Senators
             )
             in
             this
             most
             graue
             and
             solemne
             councell
             of
             the
             world
             ,
             which
             muse
             continually
             of
             our
             death
             ,
             of
             the
             downefall
             of
             Rome
             ,
             and
             the
             desolation
             of
             Italie
             .
             But
             thou
             yet
             liuest
             Catiline
             ,
             and
             yet
             thou
             liuest
             not
             to
             abate
             ,
             but
             to
             abet
             thy
             pride
             .
             VVhat
             vanitie
             hath
             bene
             at
             any
             time
             absent
             from
             thine
             eyes
             ?
             what
             villanie
             from
             thine
             hands
             ?
             what
             
             president
             of
             vice
             frō
             thy
             person
             ?
             what
             young
             gentlemā
             hath
             there
             bene
             along
             time
             in
             this
             citie
             ,
             whome
             ,
             if
             he
             were
             once
             corrupted
             by
             the
             deceitfull
             baits
             of
             thy
             false
             entisements
             ,
             thou
             didst
             not
             animate
             and
             incite
             either
             to
             desperate
             attempts
             ,
             by
             carying
             the
             sword
             before
             him
             ,
             or
             to
             effeminate
             examples
             by
             bearing
             the
             torch
             before
             him
             ,
             and
             yet
             thou
             imaginest
             that
             thy
             doings
             are
             not
             misliked
             .
             Of
             thee
             Catiline
             when
             the
             Romanes
             keepe
             silence
             they
             pronounce
             sentence
             ,
             when
             they
             suffer
             thy
             misdeedes
             they
             condemne
             them
             ,
             when
             they
             are
             at
             rest
             with
             themselues
             ,
             they
             are
             at
             deadly
             warre
             with
             thee
             .
             But
             why
             am
             I
             so
             earnest
             against
             thee
             ?
             Is
             it
             possible
             that
             any
             thing
             shold
             amend
             thee
             ?
             may
             it
             be
             hoped
             for
             that
             thou
             wilt
             reforme
             thy selfe
             ,
             that
             thou
             wilt
             shake
             off
             these
             faults
             ?
             that
             thou
             wilt
             banish
             these
             enormities
             ?
             Thou
             art
             not
             of
             so
             good
             &
             vertuous
             inclination
             ,
             that
             honestie
             may
             reclaime
             thee
             from
             whoredome
             ,
             feare
             from
             vniustice
             ,
             and
             reason
             from
             outrage
             :
             to
             this
             madnesse
             nature
             hath
             framed
             thee
             ,
             frowardnesse
             hath
             exercised
             thee
             ,
             and
             destinie
             hath
             reserued
             thee
             ,
             and
             for
             these
             deformities
             of
             thy
             nature
             
             thou
             hast
             bene
             more
             feared
             then
             trusted
             ,
             and
             indeede
             more
             wily
             then
             we
             haue
             heretofore
             bene
             watchfull
             .
             But
             at
             length
             noble
             Senators
             ,
             L.
             Catilina
             enraged
             with
             boldnesse
             ,
             breathing
             out
             bloudshed
             ,
             preparing
             in
             most
             hainous
             manner
             a
             scourge
             for
             his
             countrie
             ,
             threatning
             to
             this
             citie
             fire
             and
             sword
             ,
             is
             sufficiently
             knowne
             and
             abundantly
             hated
             .
             No
             plague
             can
             now
             be
             inuented
             of
             that
             monster
             and
             horror
             of
             men
             within
             this
             citie
             against
             this
             citie
             ,
             but
             in
             that
             he
             hath
             not
             drawne
             his
             bloudie
             sword
             out
             of
             our
             naked
             bodies
             ,
             in
             that
             he
             hath
             left
             vs
             aliue
             ,
             in
             that
             we
             haue
             wrested
             the
             weapon
             from
             his
             butcherous
             hands
             ,
             in
             that
             the
             citizens
             be
             safe
             ,
             &
             the
             citie
             secure
             ,
             can
             ye
             coniecture
             with
             what
             a
             bitter
             agonie
             and
             anguish
             of
             mind
             he
             is
             vexed
             :
             and
             if
             he
             beginne
             hereafter
             to
             renew
             his
             furie
             ,
             take
             courage
             my
             Lords
             ,
             and
             leade
             out
             against
             his
             broken
             and
             outcast
             band
             ,
             the
             flower
             and
             the
             power
             of
             all
             Italie
             ,
             and
             consider
             with
             what
             foes
             we
             deale
             ,
             which
             surfetting
             in
             banquets
             ,
             embracing
             harlots
             ,
             stuffed
             with
             meat
             ,
             faint
             with
             wine
             ,
             adorned
             with
             garlands
             ,
             soupled
             with
             ointments
             ,
             weakned
             by
             wantons
             ,
             cast
             from
             
             their
             contagious
             mouths
             the
             slaunder
             of
             the
             vertuous
             ,
             ouer
             whome
             I
             do
             hope
             there
             hangeth
             some
             heauie
             destinie
             :
             and
             that
             the
             punishment
             that
             hath
             bene
             long
             time
             due
             to
             their
             wicked
             lust
             and
             licentiousnesse
             ,
             is
             either
             now
             imminent
             or
             now
             approching
             :
             whom
             if
             my
             Consulship
             do
             chaunce
             to
             quelle
             because
             it
             cannot
             cure
             ,
             it
             shall
             not
             procure
             a
             short
             sun-shine
             of
             peace
             to
             the
             common-weale
             ,
             but
             whole
             ages
             and
             worlds
             of
             tranquilitie
             :
             that
             which
             may
             be
             healed
             by
             any
             meanes
             I
             will
             heale
             by
             some
             meanes
             ,
             that
             which
             must
             needs
             be
             cut
             off
             I
             must
             needes
             cut
             off
             ,
             therefore
             let
             them
             either
             leaue
             the
             citie
             ,
             or
             leaue
             their
             tumult
             ,
             or
             if
             they
             will
             stay
             both
             in
             this
             citie
             and
             in
             this
             mind
             ,
             let
             them
             looke
             for
             their
             desert
             ,
             and
             assure
             themselues
             of
             the
             full
             measure
             of
             reuenge
             ,
             but
             if
             in
             stewes
             and
             tauernes
             they
             sought
             onely
             beluing
             and
             baudrie
             ,
             they
             were
             more
             to
             be
             spared
             ,
             but
             yet
             wholly
             to
             be
             dispaired
             of
             :
             but
             who
             can
             tollerate
             that
             cowards
             should
             determine
             trecherie
             against
             the
             couragious
             ,
             wild
             braines
             against
             them
             that
             be
             wise
             ,
             sottish
             drunkards
             against
             sober
             Senators
             and
             sluggish
             drones
             against
             carefull
             magistrates
             ?
             
             These
             men
             building
             like
             gods
             vpon
             the
             earth
             ,
             as
             if
             their
             houses
             should
             be
             heauens
             ,
             whilst
             they
             take
             their
             pleasure
             in
             sumptuous
             coaches
             ,
             great
             families
             ,
             costly
             banquets
             ,
             rich
             attire
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             lewd
             companie
             of
             lasciuious
             curtizanes
             ,
             are
             fallen
             into
             such
             a
             gulfe
             of
             debt
             ,
             that
             if
             they
             would
             be
             free
             from
             it
             ,
             Sylla
             is
             to
             be
             raised
             from
             the
             dead
             .
             But
             they
             shall
             soone
             perceiue
             ,
             if
             they
             still
             persist
             in
             their
             naughtinesse
             ,
             that
             there
             are
             in
             this
             citie
             vigilant
             Consuls
             ,
             politicke
             gouernours
             ,
             a
             puissant
             Senate
             ,
             that
             we
             haue
             weapons
             ,
             that
             we
             haue
             a
             prison
             ,
             which
             our
             auncestors
             haue
             made
             a
             reuenger
             of
             hainous
             and
             manifest
             faults
             .
             And
             now
             sith
             you
             are
             deliuered
             through
             my
             care
             and
             industrie
             from
             a
             swelling
             cloud
             of
             terrors
             ,
             without
             battell
             ,
             without
             bloudshed
             ,
             without
             armie
             ,
             without
             fighting
             .
             For
             this
             so
             great
             benefite
             noble
             Senators
             ,
             I
             require
             of
             you
             no
             reward
             of
             vertue
             ,
             no
             ensigne
             of
             honour
             ,
             no
             monument
             of
             praise
             ,
             but
             an
             eternall
             record
             of
             this
             very
             time
             :
             I
             desire
             that
             all
             my
             deserts
             ,
             all
             the
             ornaments
             of
             my
             person
             ,
             the
             fruits
             of
             my
             glorie
             ,
             and
             the
             good
             aestimation
             of
             my
             diligence
             ,
             should
             be
             registred
             and
             enrolled
             in
             
             in
             your
             memories
             .
             No
             mutenesse
             ,
             no
             silence
             ,
             no
             secret
             whispering
             can
             delight
             me
             ,
             by
             your
             remembrance
             worthie
             Senators
             mine
             actes
             &
             exploits
             shall
             be
             nourished
             ,
             by
             your
             words
             they
             shall
             grow
             ,
             by
             your
             writings
             they
             shall
             not
             onely
             receiue
             life
             but
             aeternitie
             .
          
        
         
           Catiline
           hauing
           all
           this
           while
           itching
           eares
           ,
           
           but
           a
           more
           itching
           toung
           ,
           made
           in
           disorderly
           manner
           this
           disdainfull
           reply
           :
           I
           haue
           a
           long
           
             time
             maruelled
             and
             now
             with
             astonishment
             do
             wonder
             (
             ye
             noble
             Lords
             and
             ancient
             progenie
             of
             kings
             )
             for
             as
             to
             the
             rest
             I
             will
             not
             bēd
             my selfe
             to
             them
             but
             against
             them
             ,
             that
             with
             so
             patient
             eare
             ,
             and
             minds
             impassionate
             ,
             ye
             can
             digest
             the
             cholericke
             railings
             of
             this
             rhetoricall
             parot
             ,
             whome
             since
             we
             first
             promoted
             from
             the
             pearch
             to
             the
             pinacle
             ,
             from
             the
             bar
             to
             the
             bench
             ,
             from
             the
             ground
             whereon
             we
             go
             ,
             to
             the
             tribunall
             whereon
             we
             sit
             ,
             the
             Senate
             surfetting
             long
             ago
             on
             his
             rude
             and
             vnmanerly
             speeches
             ,
             is
             now
             constrained
             to
             make
             a
             diet
             of
             a
             disease
             :
             vpon
             me
             as
             ye
             haue
             plainely
             perceiued
             ,
             he
             hath
             spent
             the
             whole
             chest
             of
             his
             gall
             ,
             who
             am
             as
             free
             from
             the
             crimes
             intended
             ,
             as
             he
             is
             farre
             from
             the
             vertues
             which
             he
             
             ascribeth
             to
             you
             .
             He
             thought
             perhaps
             (
             what
             wickednesse
             I
             pray
             you
             hath
             he
             not
             thought
             )
             to
             blow
             me
             out
             of
             the
             gates
             of
             the
             citie
             ,
             by
             the
             venimous
             aire
             of
             his
             impoisened
             lungs
             ,
             but
             maugre
             his
             malicious
             throat
             .
             I
             stand
             before
             his
             lowring
             face
             ,
             to
             the
             abashment
             of
             his
             frozen
             forehead
             ,
             and
             the
             confusion
             of
             his
             ill
             speaking
             eloquence
             ,
             as
             one
             irreproucable
             ,
             being
             like
             a
             cage
             of
             chrystall
             ,
             vpon
             which
             the
             more
             poyson
             is
             cast
             ,
             the
             more
             cleare
             it
             doth
             seeme
             .
             I
             am
             not
             made
             (
             Consul
             Marcus
             )
             of
             so
             fleeting
             and
             brittle
             mould
             ,
             that
             the
             gnashing
             of
             thy
             teeth
             should
             either
             fray
             me
             or
             fret
             me
             :
             but
             if
             I
             were
             guiltie
             of
             the
             faults
             alleadged
             ,
             why
             was
             I
             not
             impeached
             of
             them
             before
             thy
             Consulship
             ,
             but
             vnder
             the
             triumph
             of
             thy
             tearmes
             must
             suffer
             this
             intollerable
             iniurie
             ?
             Catiline
             is
             an
             Epicure
             forsooth
             ,
             because
             Cicero
             is
             a
             Stoicke
             ,
             Catiline
             is
             wanton
             ,
             because
             Cicero
             is
             iealous
             ,
             Catiline
             is
             lawlesse
             ,
             because
             Ciceroes
             will
             must
             be
             a
             lawe
             to
             him
             :
             Catiline
             is
             prodigall
             ,
             because
             he
             hath
             not
             bestowed
             any
             bribes
             vpon
             Cicero
             :
             Catiline
             is
             rebellious
             ,
             because
             Cicero
             is
             fearefull
             and
             timerous
             :
             Catiline
             is
             an
             enemie
             to
             the
             common-weale
             ,
             
             because
             he
             is
             not
             friend
             to
             Ciceroes
             priuate
             pollicie
             :
             mightie
             accusations
             and
             vnanswerable
             !
             Hath
             he
             not
             drawne
             bloud
             (
             trow
             you
             )
             of
             Catilines
             credit
             ?
             It
             grieueth
             me
             worthie
             Senators
             ,
             and
             trust
             me
             ,
             it
             grieueth
             mine
             heart
             ,
             that
             the
             hope
             of
             the
             Romane
             youth
             ,
             and
             the
             sweet
             societie
             of
             gallant
             gentlemen
             your selues
             attēding
             ,
             bearing
             ,
             &
             forbearing
             ,
             should
             by
             the
             spawne
             of
             a
             ragge
             be
             so
             hainously
             disgraced
             :
             as
             for
             his
             distempered
             declamation
             it
             is
             no
             noueltie
             with
             vs
             my
             Lords
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             the
             vsuall
             methode
             of
             his
             mercenare
             toung
             ,
             vpō
             poore
             and
             pitifull
             presumptions
             ,
             to
             hazard
             the
             life
             and
             soule
             of
             his
             clients
             cause
             .
             But
             what
             madnesse
             is
             it
             for
             one
             that
             is
             lately
             crept
             into
             the
             citie
             to
             talke
             of
             antiquities
             ,
             taking
             matters
             in
             hand
             which
             are
             elder
             then
             his
             memorie
             ,
             which
             were
             forgotten
             and
             dead
             before
             he
             was
             begotten
             and
             borne
             ?
             Thou
             art
             not
             auncient
             enough
             Cicero
             to
             speake
             of
             our
             auncestors
             ,
             nor
             worthie
             enough
             to
             talk
             of
             our
             worthies
             ,
             thou
             art
             as
             a
             pilgrime
             in
             this
             citie
             ,
             thou
             art
             ignorant
             of
             the
             orders
             and
             customes
             therof
             ,
             thou
             seemest
             to
             wander
             in
             another
             countrie
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             beare
             office
             in
             the
             Metrapolis
             
             of
             Italie
             :
             thou
             threatnest
             vs
             with
             extremities
             ,
             and
             layest
             on
             load
             with
             imprisonments
             ,
             as
             if
             our
             bodies
             should
             be
             anuils
             to
             thine
             hatred
             :
             but
             suffer
             not
             my
             sweet
             ,
             mild
             and
             curteous
             magistrates
             of
             Rome
             ,
             that
             vpon
             Ciceroes
             suggestion
             we
             should
             endure
             such
             reproch
             :
             the
             ignominie
             of
             arraignment
             is
             miserable
             ,
             the
             arresting
             of
             guiltlesse
             men
             is
             lamentable
             ,
             banishment
             is
             discomfortable
             ,
             but
             the
             racking
             ,
             rowling
             ,
             tearing
             and
             tormenting
             of
             men
             far
             be
             it
             not
             only
             frō
             the
             bodie
             of
             a
             Romane
             ,
             but
             euen
             from
             his
             thoughts
             ,
             from
             his
             eyes
             ,
             from
             his
             eares
             .
             For
             mine
             own
             part
             I
             confesse
             ,
             and
             professe
             ,
             and
             pretend
             ,
             that
             Catiline
             liueth
             not
             to
             please
             ,
             but
             to
             displease
             and
             displace
             M.
             Cicero
             ,
             of
             whome
             when
             I
             speake
             ,
             I
             speake
             of
             tyrannie
             ,
             of
             villanie
             ,
             of
             basenesse
             ,
             and
             assure
             thy selfe
             Cicero
             ,
             that
             either
             the
             law
             of
             Rome
             ,
             or
             the
             lawe
             of
             reason
             shall
             be
             my
             warrant
             in
             this
             case
             ,
             and
             to
             them
             that
             be
             discontented
             in
             this
             citie
             ,
             thy
             fall
             will
             be
             a
             generall
             s
             ;
             atisfaction
             .
          
        
         
           Catiline
           departed
           out
           of
           the
           senate
           house
           continuing
           his
           furie
           ,
           and
           because
           danger
           was
           feared
           ,
           it
           was
           thought
           good
           that
           the
           Senate
           
           should
           be
           dismissed
           in
           the
           night
           time
           .
           Catiline
           went
           with
           a
           slender
           gard
           to
           the
           tents
           of
           Manlius
           .
           Lentulus
           ,
           Cethegus
           ,
           and
           diuerse
           others
           that
           were
           priuie
           to
           the
           conspiracie
           ,
           and
           did
           as
           yet
           remaine
           in
           the
           citie
           ,
           were
           arrested
           and
           imprisoned
           ,
           and
           being
           conuicted
           by
           manifest
           euidence
           ,
           were
           presently
           put
           to
           death
           .
           The
           day
           wherein
           the
           punishment
           of
           these
           traitors
           was
           decreed
           ,
           did
           greatly
           illustrate
           &
           beautifie
           the
           worthinesse
           of
           M.
           Cato
           .
           He
           discended
           from
           M.
           Cato
           the
           Prince
           of
           the
           Portiā
           familie
           ,
           after
           whome
           this
           Cato
           in
           degree
           of
           
           discent
           was
           accompted
           and
           numbred
           in
           the
           third
           place
           .
           This
           M.
           Cato
           was
           of
           all
           the
           Romanes
           
           most
           sincere
           ,
           and
           most
           like
           to
           vertue
           itselfe
           ,
           and
           seemed
           in
           his
           iustice
           and
           integritie
           to
           be
           nearer
           to
           God
           then
           to
           man
           ,
           who
           did
           not
           liue
           honestly
           &
           orderly
           because
           he
           would
           seeme
           to
           be
           vertuous
           ,
           but
           because
           it
           was
           against
           the
           course
           of
           his
           disposition
           to
           be
           dishonest
           and
           disorderly
           ,
           thinking
           that
           onely
           to
           be
           reasonable
           ,
           which
           was
           iust
           and
           lawfull
           :
           he
           was
           free
           from
           fancies
           ,
           and
           had
           alwaies
           fortune
           in
           his
           owne
           power
           :
           he
           was
           then
           Tribune
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           young
           in
           respect
           of
           his
           yeares
           ,
           
           but
           in
           wisedome
           and
           aduise
           a
           father
           ,
           &
           a
           right
           Senator
           ,
           who
           (
           when
           others
           perswaded
           that
           the
           conspirators
           should
           be
           kept
           aliue
           in
           seuerall
           wards
           )
           being
           the
           last
           of
           them
           that
           sentenced
           the
           rebellious
           ,
           did
           inueigh
           with
           such
           force
           of
           mind
           and
           wit
           against
           the
           conspirators
           ,
           that
           by
           the
           vehemencie
           of
           his
           speech
           he
           cancelled
           their
           opinions
           ,
           which
           perswaded
           lenitie
           ,
           and
           made
           their
           softnesse
           to
           be
           suspected
           :
           and
           the
           greater
           part
           of
           the
           Senate
           in
           fauour
           of
           Catoes
           gracious
           seueritie
           ,
           did
           accōpanie
           
           him
           to
           his
           house
           .
           C.
           Caesar
           did
           at
           that
           time
           giue
           some
           token
           of
           a
           rebellious
           humor
           ,
           whereof
           Rome
           tasted
           afterward
           too
           much
           ,
           &
           himselfe
           in
           the
           end
           was
           poisoned
           with
           the
           dregs
           .
           Catiline
           hearing
           what
           was
           done
           at
           Rome
           ,
           gathered
           an
           armie
           ,
           and
           making
           a
           laborious
           iourney
           through
           the
           steepe
           and
           craggie
           hils
           ,
           intended
           a
           voyage
           into
           that
           part
           of
           Fraunce
           ,
           which
           is
           beyond
           the
           Alpes
           :
           which
           Q.
           Metellus
           perceiuing
           ,
           who
           was
           leader
           of
           three
           bands
           of
           soldiers
           in
           the
           Picē
           prouince
           ,
           he
           remooued
           his
           tents
           and
           pitched
           them
           at
           the
           bottome
           of
           the
           Pistorian
           heath
           ,
           frō
           which
           place
           the
           armie
           of
           C.
           Antonius
           was
           not
           farre
           .
           
           Catiline
           when
           he
           saw
           that
           he
           was
           on
           euery
           side
           embayed
           with
           mountaines
           &
           armed
           mē
           ,
           chose
           rather
           to
           fight
           with
           Antonius
           ,
           who
           cōmitted
           the
           vantgard
           to
           the
           conduct
           of
           M.
           Petreius
           .
           Catiline
           in
           that
           battell
           gaue
           a
           sharpe
           onset
           ,
           and
           continued
           the
           fight
           with
           an
           vndaunted
           stomacke
           ,
           but
           in
           the
           end
           was
           slaine
           ,
           and
           dying
           with
           great
           indignation
           ,
           was
           there
           trampled
           to
           death
           by
           the
           hoofes
           of
           horses
           .
           Thus
           he
           that
           did
           defend
           himself
           in
           the
           Senate
           house
           ,
           was
           confounded
           in
           the
           field
           ,
           and
           that
           by
           the
           iustice
           of
           destinie
           ,
           who
           with
           a
           scourge
           of
           steele
           followeth
           proud
           aspirers
           :
           this
           insolent
           Romane
           perceiued
           at
           the
           time
           of
           his
           death
           the
           deceitfull
           glose
           of
           his
           fawning
           fancie
           ,
           &
           the
           vaine
           sophistrie
           of
           bewitching
           ambition
           .
        
         
           ⸪
        
      
       
         
         
           LACHESIS
           ,
           Or
           the
           second
           Booke
           .
        
         
           CN
           .
           Pompeius
           for
           his
           great
           valor
           &
           magnanimitie
           iustly
           intitled
           Magnus
           ,
           did
           in
           course
           of
           time
           grow
           to
           an
           exceeding
           greatnesse
           of
           authoritie
           ,
           and
           had
           purchased
           through
           his
           worthie
           exploits
           ,
           the
           loue
           ,
           applause
           and
           admiration
           of
           the
           whole
           world
           ,
           his
           father
           was
           Cn.
           Pompeius
           an
           approued
           souldier
           ,
           and
           a
           Consularian
           ,
           his
           mother
           was
           Lucilia
           a
           Senators
           daughter
           :
           he
           was
           of
           a
           comely
           personage
           ,
           not
           so
           commendable
           for
           beautie
           ,
           as
           for
           a
           pleasing
           and
           constant
           complection
           ,
           which
           continued
           euen
           to
           his
           last
           houre
           ,
           his
           wisedome
           was
           of
           a
           wonderfull
           excellencie
           ,
           his
           life
           in
           all
           parts
           absolute
           ,
           his
           eloquence
           but
           indifferent
           ,
           he
           was
           desirous
           to
           haue
           honour
           offred
           ,
           but
           was
           not
           ambitious
           to
           vsurpe
           it
           ,
           a
           fast
           friend
           &
           a
           religious
           obseruer
           of
           his
           word
           ,
           
           in
           reconciling
           mē
           that
           were
           at
           variance
           most
           faithfull
           ,
           in
           receiuing
           satisfaction
           for
           offences
           most
           easie
           ,
           neuer
           vsing
           his
           power
           to
           impotēcie
           ,
           nor
           his
           wit
           to
           vanitie
           ,
           from
           his
           cradle
           a
           souldier
           ,
           in
           his
           youth
           a
           conqueror
           triumphant
           ,
           and
           in
           all
           his
           warres
           couragious
           and
           dreadfull
           .
           For
           though
           Sertorius
           did
           more
           cōmend
           
           Metellus
           ,
           yet
           he
           was
           more
           afraid
           of
           Pompey
           .
           And
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           he
           triumphed
           when
           he
           was
           but
           a
           Romane
           knight
           ,
           not
           hauing
           as
           yet
           borne
           any
           office
           of
           estate
           .
           To
           be
           a
           knight
           of
           Rome
           was
           so
           much
           better
           then
           to
           be
           a
           common
           gentleman
           ,
           by
           how
           much
           a
           patritian
           Senator
           was
           more
           honorable
           then
           a
           nouitian
           ,
           whose
           auncestours
           were
           neuer
           of
           the
           Senate
           .
           And
           Pompey
           by
           degrees
           did
           endeuour
           to
           aduance
           his
           credit
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           end
           by
           the
           conquest
           of
           many
           &
           mightie
           nations
           ,
           became
           peereles
           .
           Mithridates
           his
           power
           was
           enfeebled
           by
           Sylla
           ,
           disiointed
           by
           Lucullus
           ,
           &
           broken
           in
           peeces
           by
           Pompey
           ,
           after
           which
           victorie
           
           he
           subdued
           the
           Iewes
           ,
           tooke
           their
           citie
           ,
           and
           possest
           the
           temple
           of
           Ierusalem
           ,
           a
           rare
           and
           miraculous
           monument
           ,
           which
           though
           he
           filled
           with
           his
           souldiers
           ,
           yet
           he
           restrained
           thē
           
           from
           the
           spoile
           .
           In
           that
           warre
           he
           partly
           recouered
           ,
           and
           partly
           subdued
           to
           the
           Romane
           power
           ,
           Armenia
           ,
           Colchis
           ,
           Cappadocia
           ,
           Cilicia
           ,
           Syria
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           region
           of
           Palestine
           to
           the
           riuer
           of
           Euphrates
           .
           He
           ouercame
           beside
           Paphlagonia
           ,
           Galatia
           ,
           Phrigia
           ,
           Mysia
           ,
           Lydia
           ,
           Caria
           ,
           Ionia
           ,
           and
           all
           that
           part
           of
           Asia
           which
           lyeth
           about
           Pergamus
           .
           He
           committed
           the
           regiment
           of
           Armenia
           maior
           to
           Tigranes
           ,
           the
           Island
           of
           Bosphorus
           to
           Pharnaces
           ,
           Cappadocia
           to
           Arioberzanes
           ,
           Seleucia
           to
           Antiochus
           Commagenus
           :
           to
           Deiotarus
           and
           other
           Tetrarkes
           Galatia
           with
           Armenia
           minor
           ,
           to
           Attalus
           and
           Pylaemenes
           Paphlagonia
           ,
           to
           Aristarchus
           Colchis
           ,
           to
           Hircane
           Palestine
           .
           And
           for
           a
           triple
           reward
           of
           these
           his
           victories
           ,
           he
           
           had
           the
           blazon
           of
           three
           triumphs
           :
           the
           first
           was
           of
           Affricke
           ,
           the
           second
           of
           Europa
           ,
           and
           the
           third
           of
           Asia
           .
           After
           these
           triumphs
           ensued
           the
           Consulship
           of
           Marcus
           Bibulus
           and
           C.
           
           Caesar
           ,
           issuing
           from
           the
           famous
           familie
           of
           the
           Iulij
           ,
           and
           conueying
           his
           discent
           from
           Anchises
           the
           Troiane
           father
           to
           Aeneas
           :
           he
           was
           of
           excellent
           beautie
           ,
           and
           in
           vigor
           of
           mind
           most
           sharpe
           and
           vehement
           ,
           in
           his
           rewards
           bountifull
           ,
           
           in
           courage
           farre
           aboue
           mans
           nature
           ,
           or
           mans
           beliefe
           ,
           in
           the
           haughtinesse
           of
           his
           thoughts
           ,
           in
           the
           celeritie
           of
           his
           fight
           ,
           in
           the
           suffering
           of
           bitter
           euents
           and
           casualties
           singular
           ,
           in
           all
           his
           actions
           most
           like
           to
           Alexander
           the
           great
           ,
           to
           Alexander
           I
           meane
           being
           sober
           ,
           and
           neither
           surcharged
           with
           wine
           ,
           nor
           ouercome
           with
           wrath
           ,
           vsing
           sleepe
           and
           meate
           not
           for
           the
           pampering
           of
           his
           lust
           ,
           but
           for
           the
           continuing
           of
           his
           life
           .
           He
           was
           neare
           in
           bloud
           to
           C.
           Marius
           ,
           and
           was
           Cinnaes
           sonne
           in
           lawe
           ,
           neither
           during
           Syllaes
           Dictatorship
           could
           he
           by
           any
           means
           be
           moued
           to
           diuorce
           Cinnaes
           daughter
           ,
           though
           M.
           Piso
           a
           Consularian
           ,
           did
           for
           feare
           of
           Sylla
           sunder
           himselfe
           from
           Annia
           Cinnaes
           widow
           ,
           by
           which
           constancie
           Caesar
           did
           greatly
           endaunger
           himselfe
           ;
           for
           his
           death
           
           was
           sought
           for
           by
           Syllaes
           officers
           ,
           Sylla
           himselfe
           being
           ignorant
           of
           their
           purpose
           .
           Caesar
           being
           made
           Consul
           ,
           a
           league
           of
           soueraigne
           societie
           was
           concluded
           betwixt
           him
           and
           Cn.
           Pompeius
           ,
           &
           M.
           Crassus
           .
           Pompey
           did
           therefore
           enter
           into
           that
           league
           ,
           because
           he
           would
           haue
           his
           acts
           and
           deedes
           ,
           which
           he
           had
           made
           in
           the
           prouinces
           before
           mentioned
           ,
           that
           were
           
           conquered
           by
           him
           ,
           fully
           confirmed
           and
           ratified
           by
           the
           Senate
           .
           Caesar
           by
           taking
           that
           course
           had
           a
           double
           intent
           ,
           to
           increase
           his
           owne
           honour
           by
           yeelding
           to
           Pompeis
           glory
           ,
           and
           to
           establish
           his
           owne
           authoritie
           by
           charging
           him
           with
           the
           hatred
           of
           this
           treuirall
           power
           .
           Crassus
           had
           this
           drift
           to
           maintaine
           &
           preserue
           the
           aestimation
           which
           he
           had
           alreadie
           obtained
           by
           the
           power
           of
           Caesar
           ,
           and
           the
           authoritie
           of
           Pompey
           .
           There
           was
           also
           an
           affinitie
           contracted
           by
           marriage
           betwixt
           Caesar
           
           and
           Pompey
           :
           for
           Pompey
           tooke
           to
           wife
           Iulia
           Caesars
           daughter
           .
           Caesar
           had
           the
           regiment
           of
           Fraunce
           committed
           to
           him
           by
           the
           Senate
           ,
           after
           whose
           Consulship
           ended
           ,
           and
           before
           his
           departure
           into
           Fraunce
           ,
           P.
           Clodius
           Tribune
           
           of
           the
           people
           began
           to
           giue
           new
           edge
           vnto
           quarrels
           ,
           and
           did
           with
           maine
           force
           bend
           himselfe
           against
           Cicero
           .
           For
           what
           agreement
           could
           there
           be
           betwixt
           them
           ,
           when
           their
           maners
           did
           so
           farre
           disagree
           ?
           The
           head
           of
           dissention
           was
           cut
           off
           when
           Catiline
           was
           slaine
           ,
           the
           bodie
           also
           was
           mangled
           when
           his
           confederates
           were
           put
           to
           death
           ,
           but
           the
           serpents
           taile
           did
           as
           yet
           mooue
           :
           for
           Clodius
           did
           seeke
           by
           all
           
           meanes
           possible
           ,
           to
           take
           reuenge
           on
           Cicero
           
           for
           the
           sharp
           seueritie
           vsed
           against
           his
           friends
           which
           were
           of
           Catilines
           seed-plot
           ,
           and
           of
           that
           seditious
           league
           .
           But
           it
           was
           to
           be
           wondred
           at
           ,
           that
           a
           man
           conuicted
           of
           so
           notorious
           and
           hainous
           crimes
           ,
           durst
           proceede
           to
           such
           impudencie
           as
           to
           attempt
           the
           disgrace
           of
           M.
           Cicero
           ,
           or
           any
           way
           to
           disturbe
           his
           quietnesse
           .
           At
           that
           time
           Clodius
           was
           infamous
           for
           his
           adulterie
           
           with
           Pompeya
           Caesars
           wife
           ,
           which
           amiddest
           the
           most
           religious
           &
           solemne
           rites
           of
           Bona
           Dea
           ,
           this
           vnchast
           Tribune
           committed
           :
           and
           these
           ceremonies
           ,
           which
           it
           was
           not
           lawfull
           for
           any
           man
           to
           behold
           ,
           Clodius
           in
           womans
           attire
           did
           pollute
           .
           But
           he
           was
           the
           author
           of
           greater
           lewdnesse
           then
           this
           ,
           when
           with
           his
           owne
           sisters
           he
           became
           incestuous
           ,
           two
           of
           
           them
           being
           his
           sisters
           german
           ,
           and
           married
           to
           two
           worthie
           Romanes
           ,
           the
           one
           of
           them
           to
           Q.
           Metellus
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           to
           L.
           Lucullus
           ,
           the
           third
           was
           his
           sister
           by
           the
           halfe
           bloud
           ,
           the
           wife
           of
           Q.
           Martius
           .
           For
           these
           and
           other
           his
           faults
           ,
           he
           was
           condemned
           by
           the
           seuerall
           censures
           
           of
           two
           hundred
           Senators
           at
           one
           Session
           ,
           and
           this
           notwithstanding
           was
           absolued
           :
           so
           that
           I
           
           do
           greatly
           doubt
           ,
           whether
           the
           Consuls
           that
           did
           absolue
           him
           ,
           or
           Clodius
           that
           was
           absolued
           ,
           did
           more
           deserue
           punishment
           :
           for
           by
           that
           meane
           such
           a
           window
           of
           impunitie
           was
           then
           opened
           ,
           as
           could
           not
           be
           shut
           in
           the
           space
           of
           many
           yeares
           ensuing
           .
           But
           Clodius
           because
           he
           was
           Tribune
           ,
           and
           because
           he
           was
           Clodius
           ,
           did
           thinke
           all
           time
           lost
           wherein
           Cicero
           was
           safe
           .
           He
           was
           then
           in
           great
           fauour
           both
           with
           the
           people
           and
           Consuls
           :
           for
           when
           any
           commoditie
           was
           sought
           for
           by
           the
           Consuls
           ,
           which
           could
           not
           be
           preiudiciall
           to
           the
           people
           ,
           he
           would
           labour
           earnestly
           for
           the
           Consuls
           ,
           and
           when
           the
           people
           would
           haue
           had
           any
           benefite
           which
           did
           not
           concerne
           the
           Consuls
           ,
           he
           was
           wholly
           for
           the
           people
           :
           so
           that
           by
           displeasing
           neither
           ,
           he
           pleased
           them
           both
           .
           Vpon
           this
           ground
           he
           aduentured
           to
           make
           lawes
           ,
           amōgst
           which
           one
           was
           enacted
           against
           thē
           who
           had
           put
           a
           Romane
           citizen
           to
           death
           without
           the
           iudgement
           of
           the
           people
           of
           Rome
           ,
           which
           lawe
           though
           it
           ranne
           in
           generall
           termes
           ,
           yet
           in
           sence
           and
           meaning
           it
           was
           directly
           leuelled
           against
           Cicero
           ,
           who
           in
           his
           Consulship
           had
           by
           Senate
           condemned
           the
           confederates
           of
           Catiline
           .
           
           Cicero
           perceiuing
           this
           did
           clad
           himselfe
           
           with
           mourning
           roabes
           ,
           the
           Senators
           also
           were
           attired
           with
           blacke
           ,
           as
           the
           associates
           of
           his
           sorrow
           ,
           the
           Romane
           knights
           did
           weare
           his
           colour
           ,
           the
           inconsolate
           citie
           did
           droope
           and
           deplore
           his
           state
           ,
           and
           the
           forreiners
           that
           heard
           thereof
           did
           enlarge
           the
           griefe
           .
           For
           the
           redressing
           of
           this
           maladie
           meanes
           were
           made
           to
           Crassus
           ,
           Caesar
           ,
           and
           Pompey
           .
           But
           Caesar
           denyed
           to
           stand
           against
           Clodius
           ,
           because
           he
           feared
           that
           the
           lawes
           and
           decrees
           made
           by
           him
           the
           yeare
           next
           before
           when
           he
           was
           Consul
           should
           be
           disanulled
           and
           abrogated
           by
           Clodius
           if
           he
           maintained
           hatred
           against
           him
           .
           M.
           Crassus
           was
           monies
           weathercocke
           ,
           and
           an
           hungrie
           cormorant
           of
           coyne
           ,
           and
           therefore
           refused
           to
           meddle
           in
           this
           matter
           ,
           because
           they
           that
           craued
           the
           assistance
           of
           his
           authoritie
           ,
           came
           not
           to
           him
           with
           golden
           faces
           :
           only
           Pōpey
           did
           helpe
           ,
           countenance
           ,
           &
           comfort
           him
           ,
           and
           protested
           openly
           that
           himselfe
           would
           rather
           be
           slaine
           by
           Clodius
           ,
           then
           Cicero
           shold
           be
           abused
           :
           but
           the
           Consuls
           commanding
           the
           Senators
           and
           others
           to
           lay
           aside
           their
           mournfull
           sable
           ,
           did
           so
           firmely
           lincke
           themselues
           to
           
           Clodius
           ,
           both
           against
           Cicero
           and
           Pompey
           ,
           that
           neither
           could
           Pompey
           profite
           him
           ,
           neither
           would
           Cicero
           stay
           in
           the
           citie
           .
           For
           how
           could
           he
           expect
           any
           better
           successe
           ,
           L.
           Piso
           &
           A.
           Gabinius
           being
           Consuls
           ,
           men
           of
           notorious
           naughtinesse
           ,
           and
           raked
           out
           of
           the
           scum
           of
           Senators
           ?
           VVherefore
           Cicero
           left
           the
           city
           ,
           
           and
           in
           the
           very
           day
           of
           his
           departure
           ,
           his
           house
           that
           stoode
           on
           mount
           Palatine
           was
           burnt
           by
           Clodius
           ,
           and
           the
           soile
           was
           consecrated
           to
           Libertie
           :
           his
           goods
           were
           confiscated
           ,
           his
           lordships
           and
           farmes
           bestowed
           vpon
           others
           :
           there
           was
           a
           lawe
           also
           made
           touching
           his
           banishment
           ,
           wherby
           it
           was
           prohibited
           that
           he
           shold
           
           not
           haue
           the
           vse
           of
           water
           and
           fire
           within
           the
           citie
           ,
           that
           none
           within
           fiue
           hundred
           miles
           of
           Italie
           should
           receiue
           him
           into
           his
           house
           ,
           that
           none
           should
           make
           any
           motion
           for
           him
           to
           the
           Senate
           ,
           that
           none
           should
           deliuer
           his
           opinion
           of
           Cicero
           ,
           that
           none
           should
           dispute
           of
           that
           which
           was
           done
           ,
           that
           none
           should
           speake
           of
           it
           ,
           that
           none
           should
           go
           vnto
           him
           ,
           that
           none
           should
           write
           vnto
           him
           .
           But
           in
           the
           end
           Cn.
           Pompeius
           hauing
           vndertaken
           emnitie
           with
           Clodius
           ,
           being
           vrged
           by
           the
           earnest
           petition
           
           of
           Titus
           Annius
           Milo
           ,
           and
           moued
           by
           the
           abundant
           kindnesse
           of
           his
           heroicall
           nature
           ,
           did
           in
           his
           mind
           make
           speciall
           election
           of
           this
           care
           to
           reduce
           Cicero
           from
           banishment
           .
           VVherefore
           the
           yeare
           next
           ensuing
           ,
           P.
           Lentulus
           and
           Q.
           Metellus
           being
           Consuls
           ,
           Cicero
           by
           a
           Senatorie
           decree
           was
           recalled
           from
           banishmēt
           
           with
           the
           great
           desire
           of
           the
           Senate
           ,
           and
           the
           great
           reioycing
           of
           Italie
           .
           The
           ground
           whereon
           his
           house
           stoode
           ,
           was
           exempted
           from
           religious
           consecration
           ,
           and
           his
           house
           was
           not
           so
           shamefully
           throwne
           downe
           by
           Clodius
           ,
           as
           it
           was
           sumptuously
           reedified
           by
           the
           Senate
           ,
           his
           possessions
           were
           restored
           vnto
           him
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           acts
           which
           Clodius
           made
           in
           his
           Tribuneship
           
           were
           adiudged
           to
           be
           void
           .
           Clodius
           did
           greatly
           indignate
           at
           the
           returne
           of
           Cicero
           ,
           &
           hauing
           aggregated
           vnto
           him
           a
           rascall
           route
           of
           thriftlesse
           and
           vnconscionable
           ruffians
           ,
           he
           partly
           draue
           away
           ,
           and
           did
           partly
           maime
           and
           murder
           the
           carpenters
           and
           workmen
           ,
           that
           were
           busied
           about
           the
           renewing
           of
           Ciceroes
           house
           ,
           he
           burnt
           beside
           the
           house
           of
           Q.
           Cicero
           ,
           
           he
           fought
           with
           Milo
           many
           times
           in
           the
           streets
           :
           he
           pursued
           Cicero
           with
           stones
           ,
           clubs
           ,
           
           and
           swords
           ,
           &
           arming
           all
           his
           men
           with
           brāds
           of
           fire
           in
           the
           one
           hand
           ,
           and
           swords
           in
           the
           other
           led
           them
           to
           the
           burning
           of
           Miloes
           house
           :
           but
           this
           tempest
           and
           trouble
           of
           the
           citie
           ,
           who
           did
           bestow
           kingdomes
           and
           take
           them
           away
           ,
           and
           deuided
           the
           world
           at
           his
           pleasure
           ,
           which
           burnt
           the
           temple
           of
           the
           Nimphes
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           scorch
           the
           rowle
           in
           which
           his
           shame
           was
           enregistred
           ,
           which
           with
           masons
           ,
           architectes
           ,
           and
           measurers
           of
           ground
           did
           suruey
           almost
           euery
           close
           and
           plot
           that
           lay
           neare
           vnto
           him
           ,
           hoping
           in
           the
           end
           to
           make
           it
           his
           own
           purchase
           ,
           and
           to
           dilate
           and
           extend
           his
           demeasnes
           from
           the
           gate
           of
           Ianus
           to
           the
           top
           of
           
           the
           Alpes
           :
           which
           threatned
           death
           to
           Sanctia
           a
           matron
           ,
           as
           holy
           in
           her
           manners
           as
           in
           her
           name
           ,
           and
           to
           Apronius
           a
           young
           gentleman
           ,
           vnlesse
           they
           would
           sell
           vnto
           him
           their
           inheritance
           :
           who
           told
           Fursonius
           in
           plaine
           termes
           ,
           that
           if
           he
           would
           not
           lend
           him
           so
           much
           mony
           as
           he
           required
           ,
           he
           would
           carie
           him
           dead
           into
           his
           house
           .
           This
           enemie
           I
           say
           to
           all
           good
           men
           ,
           to
           his
           neighbors
           ,
           to
           forreyners
           ,
           to
           his
           friends
           ,
           
           to
           his
           kinsmen
           ,
           was
           shortly
           after
           slaine
           by
           Milo
           ,
           for
           whose
           death
           he
           did
           lye
           in
           awaite
           ,
           and
           
           his
           bodie
           being
           conueyed
           to
           Rome
           was
           loathed
           of
           the
           beholders
           ,
           for
           it
           was
           the
           harbour
           of
           a
           foule
           ostridge
           .
        
         
           Caesar
           was
           now
           in
           hot
           warres
           against
           the
           French
           ,
           of
           whose
           exploits
           as
           they
           did
           happē
           in
           nine
           yeares
           space
           ,
           whilst
           he
           was
           President
           there
           by
           the
           commission
           of
           the
           Senate
           ,
           I
           will
           make
           a
           brief
           rehearsall
           as
           the
           times
           did
           yeeld
           them
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           first
           yeare
           the
           Heluetians
           ,
           when
           
           Caesar
           had
           scarcely
           set
           foote
           in
           France
           ,
           burnt
           their
           houses
           ,
           and
           leauing
           their
           countrie
           dispersed
           themselues
           in
           the
           fields
           of
           the
           Sequani
           ,
           and
           so
           came
           to
           the
           coast
           of
           the
           Tolossians
           .
           Caesar
           perceiuing
           that
           their
           abode
           in
           that
           place
           would
           be
           dangerous
           to
           the
           citie
           of
           Tolossa
           ,
           and
           being
           earnestly
           intreated
           by
           the
           petition
           of
           the
           Ambarrians
           and
           the
           Allobroges
           ,
           who
           did
           complaine
           themselues
           to
           be
           greatly
           vexed
           and
           disturbed
           by
           the
           Heluetians
           ,
           remoouing
           his
           tents
           and
           hauing
           ouertaken
           them
           at
           the
           riuer
           of
           Arraris
           destroyed
           in
           pursuite
           all
           the
           villages
           of
           the
           Tigurines
           .
           Caesars
           horsemen
           which
           were
           sent
           before
           to
           obserue
           what
           waies
           and
           pathes
           the
           Heluetians
           
           did
           take
           ,
           were
           by
           them
           discomfited
           .
           Afterward
           
           they
           gaue
           battell
           to
           Caesar
           ,
           and
           in
           that
           battell
           they
           were
           ouercome
           ,
           and
           yeelding
           themselues
           to
           Caesars
           mercie
           ,
           they
           were
           enioyned
           to
           resort
           to
           their
           owne
           countrie
           ,
           and
           there
           to
           repaire
           their
           houses
           .
           Then
           Caesar
           being
           mooued
           by
           the
           complaint
           of
           certaine
           Frenchmē
           addrest
           against
           Ariouista
           the
           king
           
           of
           the
           Germaines
           ,
           whome
           he
           did
           pursue
           in
           battell
           to
           the
           riuer
           of
           Rhenus
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           second
           yeare
           he
           waged
           battell
           against
           
           the
           Belgians
           ,
           the
           most
           of
           which
           were
           slaine
           .
           The
           like
           successe
           had
           he
           against
           the
           Neruians
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           third
           yeare
           fighting
           on
           the
           sea
           against
           the
           Venetians
           ,
           he
           caused
           thē
           to
           yeeld
           :
           and
           P.
           Crassus
           his
           Lieutenant
           did
           subdue
           almost
           all
           the
           countrie
           of
           Aquitania
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           fourth
           yeare
           the
           Germaines
           passing
           with
           a
           great
           multitude
           ouer
           the
           riuer
           of
           Rhine
           arriued
           in
           Fraunce
           ,
           whom
           Caesar
           assaulting
           on
           the
           sudden
           did
           vtterly
           destroy
           :
           then
           he
           made
           a
           bridge
           ouer
           Rhenus
           ,
           and
           determined
           
           to
           vexe
           and
           exagitate
           the
           Germaines
           in
           their
           owne
           countrie
           ,
           because
           France
           was
           so
           much
           
           disquieted
           and
           molested
           by
           them
           ,
           &
           hauing
           
           burnt
           there
           many
           cities
           and
           villages
           of
           the
           Sicambrians
           ,
           being
           also
           certified
           that
           the
           Britanes
           did
           minister
           succour
           ,
           and
           gaue
           encouragement
           to
           the
           conspiracies
           of
           the
           French
           ,
           he
           sayled
           into
           Britaine
           ,
           and
           constrained
           the
           
           Britanes
           by
           sharpe
           onset
           to
           yeeld
           vnto
           him
           .
           Caesars
           nauie
           that
           transported
           his
           horse
           ,
           was
           shrewdly
           shaken
           with
           a
           tempest
           ,
           wherewith
           the
           Britaines
           being
           reuiued
           betooke
           themselues
           againe
           to
           weapons
           ,
           and
           fighting
           with
           Caesar
           were
           put
           to
           flight
           :
           at
           length
           they
           sued
           to
           Caesar
           for
           peace
           ,
           which
           he
           taking
           hostage
           
           of
           them
           did
           easily
           graunt
           ,
           and
           returned
           into
           Fraunce
           ,
           and
           the
           same
           yeare
           the
           Morines
           &
           Menapiās
           rebelling
           he
           reduced
           to
           obediēce
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           fifth
           yeare
           Caesar
           returning
           from
           Illyrium
           ,
           to
           which
           place
           he
           went
           for
           the
           stopping
           and
           beating
           backe
           of
           an
           incursion
           made
           by
           the
           Pirustae
           ,
           came
           to
           his
           armie
           in
           Fraunce
           ,
           and
           addressed
           warre
           afresh
           against
           the
           Britaines
           hauing
           broken
           truce
           ,
           and
           enioying
           
           there
           a
           prosperous
           fight
           ,
           a
           great
           multitude
           of
           the
           inhabitants
           being
           slaine
           ,
           and
           a
           great
           part
           of
           the
           Island
           brought
           into
           the
           power
           of
           the
           
           Romanes
           ,
           taking
           hostages
           ,
           and
           imposing
           tribute
           he
           set
           saile
           for
           Fraunce
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           sixt
           yeare
           the
           Eburons
           did
           rebell
           against
           Caesar
           ,
           Ambiorix
           being
           their
           king
           and
           
           Captaine
           ,
           whō
           in
           many
           places
           Caesar
           fiercely
           and
           feruently
           pursuing
           ,
           put
           to
           the
           sword
           and
           dispersed
           the
           remnāt
           of
           that
           rebellious
           companie
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           seuenth
           yeare
           Caesar
           went
           into
           Italy
           ,
           vpon
           occasion
           of
           a
           mutinie
           which
           there
           did
           befall
           .
           The
           French
           thinking
           that
           he
           would
           be
           detained
           by
           domesticall
           warre
           ,
           and
           that
           it
           would
           be
           hard
           for
           him
           to
           returne
           to
           his
           armie
           during
           that
           dissention
           ,
           began
           now
           to
           take
           aduise
           of
           renewing
           warre
           against
           the
           Romanes
           .
           The
           Carnutians
           professing
           that
           they
           would
           be
           leaders
           to
           that
           attempt
           bound
           others
           vnto
           them
           by
           oath
           ,
           and
           hauing
           appointed
           a
           day
           they
           repaired
           to
           Genabis
           ,
           where
           many
           of
           the
           Romanes
           did
           negociate
           ,
           &
           were
           earnestly
           occupied
           and
           busied
           about
           their
           
           trafique
           &
           merchandise
           ,
           all
           which
           were
           slaine
           by
           the
           French
           ,
           which
           massacre
           being
           certainly
           reported
           at
           Aruernum
           and
           other
           parts
           of
           Fraunce
           ,
           the
           Pietons
           ,
           the
           Parisians
           ,
           the
           Cadurcians
           ,
           
           the
           Tureus
           ,
           the
           Aulerci
           ,
           the
           Lemonickes
           ,
           the
           Audians
           did
           ioyne
           in
           armour
           and
           did
           confederate
           with
           the
           Carnutians
           .
           Caesar
           hearing
           of
           this
           new
           enterprise
           made
           speedie
           
           returne
           into
           Fraunce
           ,
           and
           hauing
           placed
           seuerall
           garrisons
           in
           the
           cities
           of
           the
           Volscians
           ,
           of
           the
           Artonikes
           ,
           of
           the
           Tolossians
           ,
           &
           in
           Narbo
           ,
           which
           were
           nearest
           vnto
           the
           enemies
           ,
           he
           tooke
           Vellannodunum
           the
           citie
           of
           the
           Senones
           ,
           &
           Genabis
           the
           chiefe
           towne
           of
           the
           Carnutians
           ,
           which
           he
           spoiled
           and
           burnt
           ,
           and
           many
           other
           townes
           did
           he
           take
           ,
           and
           seised
           vpon
           many
           of
           the
           rebels
           ,
           receiuing
           some
           of
           them
           into
           his
           mercie
           ,
           &
           punishing
           very
           sharply
           the
           most
           notorious
           offenders
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           eight
           yeare
           he
           pursued
           the
           Carnutians
           to
           their
           vttermost
           ouerthrow
           :
           the
           Bellofaci
           conducted
           by
           two
           valiant
           captaines
           Corbius
           and
           Comius
           ,
           were
           enforced
           to
           submit
           themselues
           ,
           and
           Corbius
           was
           then
           slaine
           by
           Caesars
           horsemen
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           ninth
           yeare
           Caesar
           did
           not
           enterprise
           any
           warlike
           affaires
           ,
           but
           laboured
           specially
           to
           cut
           off
           all
           occasions
           of
           reuolting
           :
           therfore
           honorably
           emparling
           with
           the
           magistrates
           
           of
           the
           cities
           :
           bestowing
           vpon
           the
           gouernors
           great
           rewards
           ,
           and
           burdening
           them
           with
           no
           new
           taxes
           ,
           he
           brought
           Fraunce
           being
           wearied
           by
           many
           warres
           ,
           to
           a
           perfect
           and
           perpetuall
           peace
           ,
           and
           departed
           thence
           to
           Italie
           ,
           but
           was
           still
           garded
           with
           an
           armie
           of
           souldiers
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           seuenth
           yeare
           of
           Caesars
           warfare
           in
           Fraunce
           ,
           Iulia
           Caesars
           daughter
           departed
           this
           world
           ,
           and
           Pompeis
           litle
           sonne
           which
           he
           had
           by
           her
           ,
           within
           a
           short
           space
           after
           died
           also
           ,
           which
           was
           a
           great
           cracke
           to
           the
           concord
           before
           continued
           .
           Pompey
           had
           alreadie
           proroged
           his
           Praesidētship
           in
           the
           prouince
           of
           Spain
           
           for
           fiue
           yeares
           :
           but
           the
           people
           of
           Rome
           did
           exceedingly
           grudge
           ,
           that
           either
           Caesar
           or
           Pōpey
           should
           in
           any
           forraine
           prouince
           haue
           an
           armie
           of
           souldiers
           at
           their
           commaund
           ,
           sith
           all
           warres
           both
           forreine
           and
           domesticall
           were
           ceassed
           &
           determined
           ,
           because
           they
           thought
           by
           that
           meane
           some
           daunger
           might
           grow
           to
           the
           Citie
           :
           for
           Pompey
           being
           now
           in
           Rome
           ,
           did
           rule
           Spaine
           by
           Affranius
           and
           Petreius
           his
           Lieutenants
           ,
           hauing
           in
           seuerall
           cities
           seuerall
           garrisons
           ,
           and
           C.
           Caesar
           had
           in
           the
           bosome
           of
           Italie
           an
           huge
           hoast
           ,
           &
           had
           then
           a
           garrison
           
           at
           Rauenna
           ,
           where
           he
           was
           personally
           residēt
           :
           this
           did
           seeme
           also
           inconuenient
           to
           many
           of
           the
           nobles
           ,
           and
           Pompey
           shewed
           himselfe
           very
           partiall
           :
           for
           he
           did
           fawne
           vpon
           them
           which
           would
           haue
           had
           Caesars
           armie
           dismissed
           ,
           but
           was
           very
           aduerse
           to
           others
           who
           would
           haue
           measured
           him
           by
           the
           same
           compasse
           ,
           who
           if
           he
           had
           died
           in
           Campania
           two
           yeares
           before
           the
           ciuill
           wars
           ,
           where
           he
           was
           greatly
           assayed
           by
           sicknesse
           ,
           at
           which
           time
           all
           Italie
           did
           make
           speciall
           vowes
           for
           his
           health
           ,
           his
           glorie
           which
           was
           gained
           by
           sea
           and
           land
           he
           had
           caried
           vntouched
           to
           the
           graue
           .
           Vpon
           these
           considerations
           L.
           Lentulus
           and
           C.
           Marcellus
           being
           Consuls
           ,
           a
           decree
           was
           made
           by
           the
           Senate
           ,
           
           that
           within
           a
           time
           limited
           Caesar
           should
           discharge
           his
           armie
           ,
           and
           if
           he
           would
           not
           ,
           that
           he
           should
           be
           accompted
           an
           enemie
           ,
           for
           Caesar
           wold
           haue
           bene
           made
           Consul
           in
           his
           absence
           :
           but
           M.
           Cato
           did
           well
           answere
           ,
           that
           no
           citizen
           ought
           to
           praescribe
           lawes
           to
           the
           common-weale
           :
           wherefore
           it
           was
           ordained
           that
           Caesar
           contenting
           himselfe
           with
           one
           legion
           ,
           should
           beare
           only
           the
           title
           of
           the
           Presidēt
           of
           France
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           should
           come
           into
           the
           citie
           as
           a
           
           priuate
           man
           ,
           &
           in
           his
           suite
           for
           the
           Consulship
           ,
           should
           wholly
           relye
           vpon
           the
           voices
           of
           the
           people
           .
           C.
           Curio
           an
           impudent
           oratour
           ,
           a
           mā
           wickedly
           witted
           ,
           and
           eloquent
           for
           a
           publike
           mischiefe
           ,
           whose
           mind
           no
           riches
           could
           satisfie
           ,
           nor
           any
           pleasures
           sufficiently
           please
           ,
           who
           first
           stood
           for
           Pōpey
           (
           as
           it
           was
           then
           accompted
           for
           the
           common
           weale
           ,
           which
           I
           do
           not
           speake
           to
           reprooue
           ,
           but
           that
           I
           might
           not
           be
           reprooued
           )
           and
           now
           was
           in
           shew
           and
           apparance
           both
           against
           Pompey
           and
           Caesar
           ,
           but
           in
           deed
           and
           mind
           wholly
           for
           Caesar
           :
           this
           Curio
           Tribune
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           posted
           in
           hast
           to
           Rauenna
           where
           Caesar
           was
           ,
           and
           signified
           vnto
           him
           the
           order
           of
           the
           Senate
           ,
           applying
           his
           eloquence
           as
           a
           brand
           to
           the
           inflaming
           of
           Caesars
           
           furie
           .
           Curio
           came
           to
           Caesar
           at
           the
           entrance
           of
           twilight
           ,
           when
           the
           cloud
           of
           vapours
           and
           exhalations
           ,
           is
           by
           nature
           disposed
           to
           turn
           men
           into
           melancholie
           ,
           which
           tooke
           so
           deepe
           hold
           on
           Caesar
           ,
           that
           making
           no
           answer
           to
           Curio
           ,
           but
           casting
           himselfe
           on
           his
           bed
           he
           did
           in
           this
           sort
           expostulate
           with
           the
           Romanes
           .
           
        
         
           Thus
           is
           Caesar
           measured
           with
           a
           scantling
           ,
           dieted
           with
           a
           paring
           ,
           and
           rewarded
           with
           nothing
           .
           
           
             Vanish
             from
             me
             thou
             sad
             and
             vgly
             cōcubine
             of
             Erebus
             ,
             thou
             grimme
             and
             duskie
             night
             ,
             which
             with
             thy
             blacke
             circumference
             doest
             hood
             winke
             our
             sences
             ,
             driuing
             the
             day
             from
             vs
             before
             we
             can
             flesh
             our
             swords
             ,
             contracting
             our
             sinewes
             when
             they
             are
             but
             newly
             stretched
             ,
             causing
             vs
             to
             lurke
             in
             our
             cabbons
             when
             we
             should
             cleaue
             to
             the
             throats
             of
             our
             enemies
             ;
             vanish
             I
             say
             from
             me
             ,
             and
             delay
             not
             with
             thy
             lingering
             minutes
             my
             expeditiō
             against
             Rome
             .
             Against
             Rome
             ?
             ô
             the
             eccho
             of
             my
             heart
             !
             nay
             for
             Rome
             ,
             against
             the
             Romanes
             ,
             amongst
             whom
             is
             Cn.
             Pompeius
             Magnus
             ,
             but
             not
             yet
             Maximus
             ,
             for
             he
             lacketh
             a
             degree
             of
             that
             ,
             and
             before
             he
             can
             attaine
             to
             it
             ,
             there
             will
             be
             effusion
             of
             bloud
             by
             successiō
             .
             But
             what
             careth
             he
             for
             that
             ,
             was
             he
             not
             one
             of
             Syllaes
             whelpes
             ,
             whose
             sword
             reaking
             with
             Italian
             bloud
             he
             so
             greedily
             licked
             ,
             that
             the
             tast
             thereof
             doth
             as
             yet
             relice
             in
             his
             rauenous
             and
             polluted
             lawes
             ?
             But
             learne
             of
             Sylla
             ,
             learn
             of
             thy
             Sylla
             Pompey
             ,
             that
             a
             tyrant
             bathing
             himselfe
             in
             goare
             ,
             shall
             at
             length
             sinke
             by
             the
             weight
             of
             his
             cruelties
             .
             VVhat
             Caesar
             hath
             done
             ,
             I
             referre
             to
             the
             Oracle
             of
             Bellona
             ,
             what
             
             he
             will
             do
             I
             leaue
             to
             the
             concealed
             decree
             of
             sacred
             vengeance
             :
             what
             he
             may
             do
             ,
             let
             the
             foredoming
             Parcae
             praedestinate
             :
             what
             he
             ought
             to
             do
             let
             warlike
             iustice
             pronounce
             .
             VVas
             not
             Pompey
             made
             Consul
             without
             suing
             ,
             without
             seeking
             ,
             without
             speaking
             ?
             and
             shall
             I
             requesting
             ,
             yea
             and
             humbly
             requesting
             suffer
             a
             repulse
             ?
             Fortune
             thou
             mightie
             and
             miraculous
             Goddesse
             ,
             which
             in
             a
             moment
             doest
             procure
             a
             world
             of
             varieties
             ,
             whetting
             with
             thine
             anger
             the
             points
             of
             our
             launces
             ,
             shaking
             crownes
             and
             kingdomes
             with
             the
             spurne
             of
             thy
             foote
             ,
             triumphing
             ouer
             our
             victories
             with
             the
             speckled
             wheeles
             of
             thy
             voluble
             chariot
             ,
             controlling
             our
             hope
             with
             thy
             frowning
             countenance
             :
             thou
             knowest
             great
             goddesse
             ,
             that
             if
             Rome
             hath
             at
             any
             time
             flourished
             :
             if
             it
             hath
             at
             any
             times
             tasted
             the
             pure
             and
             vnmingled
             extract
             of
             sincere
             happinesse
             ,
             if
             it
             were
             euer
             caried
             on
             the
             brode
             wings
             of
             fame
             ,
             if
             it
             did
             euer
             swim
             in
             a
             floud
             of
             plentie
             ,
             it
             was
             through
             Caesar
             and
             his
             fortune
             ,
             &
             yet
             we
             are
             now
             dispised
             ,
             and
             yet
             we
             will
             not
             be
             despised
             ,
             fortune
             is
             able
             to
             reuenge
             the
             iniurie
             done
             to
             Caesar
             ,
             and
             Caesar
             will
             alwaies
             fight
             for
             the
             praeheminence
             of
             his
             
             fortune
             .
             Therefore
             for
             the
             honour
             of
             Aeneas
             against
             the
             defacers
             of
             his
             race
             ,
             for
             the
             credit
             of
             mount
             Palatine
             ,
             against
             the
             vniust
             magistrates
             of
             Rome
             ,
             for
             the
             glorie
             of
             Romulus
             who
             shineth
             in
             the
             heauens
             like
             a
             giant-starre
             against
             the
             seditious
             repugnants
             ,
             I
             will
             shoot
             the
             sting
             of
             my
             wrath
             ,
             and
             they
             shall
             well
             perceiue
             that
             Caesar
             aesteemes
             no
             better
             of
             his
             enemies
             ,
             then
             if
             a
             sort
             of
             hares
             should
             be
             harnessed
             ,
             which
             would
             trust
             rather
             to
             their
             feete
             then
             to
             their
             force
             :
             auaunt
             frō
             me
             pitie
             thou
             feminine
             passion
             ,
             for
             I
             will
             deriue
             my
             name
             of
             a
             martiall
             act
             ,
             and
             wil
             be
             called
             à
             caedendo
             Caesar
             ,
             possesse
             therfore
             my
             heart
             thou
             dreadfull
             Nemesis
             ,
             ransacke
             my
             vaines
             ,
             rage
             within
             me
             wrath
             ,
             assist
             me
             fiends
             ,
             furies
             ,
             and
             ye
             deformed
             ghosts
             ,
             subiect
             to
             the
             seuere
             edict
             of
             the
             baser
             destinie
             ,
             make
             your
             seats
             and
             circles
             in
             the
             wast
             of
             Italie
             ,
             and
             neuer
             forsake
             that
             place
             ,
             till
             the
             fierie
             brightnesse
             of
             Caesars
             supremacie
             do
             deterre
             you
             from
             thence
             .
          
        
         
           Caesar
           in
           this
           rage
           of
           mind
           ,
           carried
           away
           with
           the
           whirlewind
           of
           his
           turbulent
           spirit
           ,
           left
           Rauenna
           and
           passed
           ouer
           Rubicon
           :
           the
           Senate
           hearing
           of
           his
           rebellion
           ,
           decreed
           that
           
           Pompey
           should
           be
           Generall
           ,
           &
           that
           he
           shold
           
           haue
           monie
           out
           of
           the
           common
           treasurie
           .
           There
           was
           present
           choise
           made
           of
           souldiers
           throughout
           all
           Italie
           ,
           warres
           were
           proclaimed
           ,
           and
           taxes
           were
           imposed
           vpon
           the
           confines
           ,
           suburbes
           and
           confederate
           cities
           .
           Caesar
           hauing
           passed
           Rubicon
           seized
           vpon
           diuerse
           townes
           of
           Italie
           ,
           Pisaurum
           ,
           Fanum
           ,
           Ancona
           ,
           Tignium
           and
           Auximon
           ,
           and
           he
           ran
           ouer
           all
           the
           Picene
           prouince
           ,
           with
           his
           armie
           which
           was
           forsaken
           of
           Lentulus
           Spinther
           the
           gouernour
           there
           ,
           and
           from
           thence
           he
           went
           to
           Corfinium
           ,
           which
           was
           held
           of
           L.
           Domitius
           Ahenobarbus
           ,
           which
           he
           enioyed
           hauing
           Domitius
           also
           in
           his
           power
           ,
           a
           most
           constant
           friend
           to
           Pompey
           ,
           whose
           standard
           was
           at
           no
           time
           aduaunced
           ,
           but
           it
           was
           worshipped
           and
           followed
           by
           Domitius
           :
           whome
           Caesar
           did
           in
           this
           
           maner
           greet
           :
           Domitius
           I
           do
           franckly
           pardon
           thee
           &
           all
           those
           which
           belōg
           to
           thy
           charge
           ,
           &
           with
           these
           words
           I
           make
           a
           perfect
           disclaime
           of
           anger
           and
           emnitie
           ,
           I
           giue
           thee
           also
           free
           choise
           and
           election
           ,
           whether
           thou
           wilt
           be
           a
           captaine
           in
           Caesars
           campe
           ,
           or
           still
           adhere
           to
           Pompey
           .
           Domitius
           not
           demurring
           vpon
           
           Caesars
           offer
           ,
           did
           incontinent
           fly
           to
           Pompey
           ,
           
           who
           was
           then
           at
           Brundusium
           ,
           and
           there
           were
           many
           at
           that
           time
           which
           did
           obserue
           the
           like
           faithfulnesse
           to
           Pompey
           ,
           to
           whom
           Caesar
           did
           more
           plentifully
           offer
           the
           benefite
           of
           life
           ,
           thē
           they
           did
           thankfully
           receiue
           it
           .
           Caesar
           hasted
           to
           Brundusium
           to
           assault
           the
           Consuls
           in
           that
           place
           ,
           but
           failing
           of
           his
           purpose
           he
           addressed
           toward
           Rome
           :
           there
           was
           then
           in
           the
           citie
           great
           feare
           and
           amazednesse
           ,
           the
           people
           calling
           to
           memorie
           the
           crueltie
           of
           Marius
           ,
           the
           matrons
           with
           their
           rented
           haire
           did
           display
           their
           fearefulnesse
           ,
           the
           young
           damsels
           with
           salt
           teares
           did
           blemish
           their
           faces
           ,
           their
           skriking
           voices
           &
           deepe
           drawne
           sighs
           ,
           did
           moue
           the
           heauens
           to
           a
           sympathie
           .
           The
           silly
           babes
           flying
           as
           it
           were
           from
           the
           face
           of
           Caesar
           ,
           did
           cleaue
           to
           the
           breasts
           of
           their
           parents
           ,
           the
           sturdiest
           necks
           did
           then
           begin
           to
           stoope
           ,
           and
           the
           strongest
           hearts
           to
           melt
           ,
           and
           nothing
           could
           be
           seene
           in
           Rome
           but
           signes
           of
           sorrow
           :
           for
           as
           the
           earth
           when
           she
           is
           disrobed
           of
           her
           budding
           and
           fructifying
           trees
           ,
           and
           of
           her
           amiable
           verdure
           ,
           which
           is
           her
           onely
           grace
           and
           garment
           roiall
           ,
           is
           like
           a
           naked
           table
           wherein
           nothing
           
           is
           painted
           ,
           so
           was
           Rome
           at
           that
           instant
           being
           bereaued
           of
           her
           young
           and
           lustie
           gentlemen
           ,
           euen
           as
           if
           the
           springtide
           should
           be
           taken
           from
           the
           yeare
           :
           and
           a
           great
           deformitie
           did
           then
           also
           arise
           by
           the
           absence
           of
           the
           graue
           and
           auncient
           fathers
           ,
           who
           with
           their
           spreading
           shadow
           did
           shield
           and
           protect
           the
           bodie
           of
           the
           citie
           ,
           and
           did
           nourish
           the
           rising
           plants
           of
           the
           generous
           brasill
           ,
           gathering
           strength
           and
           soliditie
           vnder
           the
           curtaine
           of
           their
           boughs
           .
           Caesar
           hauing
           entred
           Rome
           ,
           vsed
           all
           sorts
           of
           men
           with
           great
           kindnesse
           and
           curtesie
           ,
           and
           hauing
           conuocated
           an
           assemblie
           declaring
           and
           aggrauating
           vnto
           them
           the
           iniuries
           of
           his
           enemies
           ,
           he
           transferred
           all
           the
           blame
           vpon
           Pompey
           ,
           and
           made
           a
           notable
           pretence
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           desirous
           of
           vnitie
           ,
           and
           that
           peace
           was
           the
           virgin
           of
           his
           heart
           .
           But
           Caesars
           Diamond
           was
           nothing
           else
           but
           glasse
           ,
           and
           his
           words
           nothing
           but
           wind
           ,
           which
           at
           that
           present
           was
           clearely
           and
           euidently
           perceiued
           ,
           for
           he
           went
           in
           great
           hast
           to
           the
           temple
           of
           Saturne
           ,
           where
           the
           treasurie
           of
           Rome
           was
           before
           his
           ransack
           inuiolably
           kept
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           gates
           of
           the
           temple
           L.
           Metellus
           Tribune
           of
           the
           people
           did
           
           boldly
           resist
           him
           ,
           and
           with
           these
           words
           entertained
           him
           .
        
         
           Caesar
           the
           lawes
           of
           Rome
           haue
           made
           this
           
           place
           sacred
           ,
           thou
           shalt
           not
           enter
           into
           this
           
             temple
             but
             through
             the
             sides
             of
             Metellus
             ,
             &
             no
             coine
             shalt
             thou
             carrie
             from
             hence
             without
             bloudshed
             :
             vnsheath
             therefore
             thy
             blade
             ,
             and
             feare
             not
             lest
             thy
             wrongs
             be
             espied
             :
             for
             alas
             we
             are
             now
             in
             a
             desolate
             citie
             ,
             there
             be
             so
             few
             to
             condemne
             thy
             doings
             ,
             that
             there
             be
             almost
             none
             to
             see
             them
             :
             thy
             priuate
             and
             rebellious
             souldiers
             shall
             not
             haue
             their
             pay
             out
             of
             the
             treasurie
             of
             Rome
             ,
             and
             if
             thou
             woldest
             be
             rich
             by
             violence
             ,
             there
             be
             strange
             wals
             for
             thee
             to
             batter
             .
          
           Caesar
           in
           this
           sort
           replied
           vnto
           him
           .
        
         
           
             Shamelesse
             churle
             as
             thou
             art
             ,
             this
             right-hand
             shall
             not
             vouchsafe
             thee
             so
             much
             honor
             as
             that
             thy
             bloud
             may
             shine
             vpon
             a
             souldiers
             steele
             .
             Metellus
             ,
             thou
             art
             not
             worthie
             of
             my
             wrath
             ,
             and
             where
             thou
             hoissest
             vp
             the
             saile
             of
             lawes
             and
             customes
             ,
             assure
             thy selfe
             Tribune
             that
             the
             lawes
             of
             Rome
             had
             rather
             be
             cancelled
             by
             Caesar
             ,
             then
             confirmed
             by
             Metellus
             .
          
           In
           the
           end
           by
           the
           earnest
           intreatie
           of
           his
           friends
           ,
           
           who
           were
           addicted
           to
           Caesar
           rather
           for
           feare
           then
           contrarietie
           of
           opinion
           ,
           Metellus
           gaue
           place
           to
           Caesar
           ,
           and
           he
           rushing
           suddenly
           into
           
           the
           temple
           ,
           caused
           the
           treasurie
           which
           in
           many
           yeares
           space
           was
           leuied
           by
           polles
           ,
           which
           was
           gained
           in
           the
           Carthaginian
           war
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           victories
           had
           against
           Philip
           Perseus
           ,
           and
           Pirrhus
           ,
           together
           with
           the
           tribute
           of
           Asia
           ,
           of
           Creet
           ,
           and
           the
           wealth
           which
           Cato
           brought
           from
           Cypris
           ,
           and
           which
           Pompey
           purchased
           by
           his
           warres
           ,
           being
           caried
           before
           him
           when
           he
           triumphed
           ,
           to
           be
           laid
           on
           asses
           backes
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           caried
           as
           the
           sinew
           and
           supporter
           of
           his
           warres
           .
           This
           was
           thought
           the
           fowlest
           act
           that
           euer
           was
           committed
           by
           Caesar
           ,
           and
           it
           was
           neuer
           feared
           that
           Rome
           shold
           be
           poore
           by
           Caesar
           .
           This
           captaine
           being
           as
           glad
           for
           this
           new
           bootie
           as
           some
           of
           his
           friends
           were
           sorie
           ,
           led
           his
           souldiers
           toward
           Spaine
           ,
           where
           Afranius
           
           and
           Petreius
           did
           rule
           the
           affaires
           vnder
           Pompey
           ,
           but
           he
           did
           so
           masserate
           them
           with
           famine
           that
           he
           possest
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           Spaine
           ,
           without
           shedding
           many
           drops
           of
           bloud
           :
           then
           he
           went
           into
           that
           part
           of
           Spaine
           ,
           which
           is
           now
           called
           Andeluzia
           ,
           where
           M.
           Varro
           captaine
           
           to
           a
           great
           number
           of
           Veteranes
           ,
           did
           hold
           a
           forcelet
           ,
           but
           he
           being
           daunted
           with
           the
           presence
           of
           Caesar
           ,
           resigned
           all
           the
           prouince
           into
           his
           hands
           :
           thē
           he
           marched
           toward
           Dirrachio
           ,
           taking
           by
           the
           way
           Orichum
           and
           Apollonia
           an
           Vniuersitie
           towne
           ,
           where
           his
           Nephew
           Octauius
           was
           taught
           at
           that
           time
           in
           the
           liberall
           artes
           and
           sciences
           ,
           who
           is
           said
           to
           haue
           accōpanied
           his
           vncle
           in
           the
           warres
           following
           ,
           but
           because
           it
           is
           a
           tradition
           of
           more
           antiquitie
           then
           credit
           ,
           I
           do
           rather
           note
           it
           then
           affirme
           it
           .
           The
           fortune
           that
           Caesar
           had
           ,
           and
           the
           credite
           which
           Pompey
           enioyed
           in
           forraine
           nations
           ,
           were
           two
           enticing
           lures
           ,
           that
           drew
           to
           their
           seueral
           campes
           a
           great
           multitude
           of
           forrainers
           .
           To
           the
           assistance
           of
           Pompey
           from
           the
           coast
           of
           
           Greece
           which
           lyeth
           about
           the
           rockes
           of
           Cyrrha
           ,
           and
           the
           clouen
           hill
           of
           Parnassus
           ,
           came
           a
           great
           armie
           of
           the
           Phocenseans
           ,
           from
           Thebes
           and
           the
           regions
           thereabout
           came
           the
           Baeotians
           ,
           the
           Pisaeans
           ,
           and
           the
           Sicanians
           :
           from
           the
           townes
           that
           lye
           vnder
           Maenalus
           and
           OEte
           came
           the
           Dryopes
           ,
           the
           Threspoti
           ,
           and
           the
           Sellians
           :
           from
           Creet
           and
           Gortyna
           a
           number
           of
           good
           archers
           did
           present
           themselues
           to
           
           Pompey
           :
           from
           Dardania
           ,
           from
           Colchis
           ,
           and
           the
           shore
           of
           the
           Adriaticke
           sea
           ,
           the
           Athamāts
           ,
           Enchelians
           and
           diuerse
           others
           :
           besides
           these
           flocked
           vnto
           him
           thousands
           from
           Babylon
           ,
           Damascus
           ,
           and
           Phrygia
           ,
           together
           with
           the
           Idumaeans
           ,
           Tyrians
           ,
           Sidonians
           and
           Phaenicians
           :
           there
           came
           also
           from
           Tarsus
           ,
           from
           Cilicia
           ,
           from
           India
           ,
           Persia
           ,
           Armenia
           ,
           Arabia
           ,
           and
           Aethiopia
           .
           For
           the
           aide
           of
           Caesar
           there
           came
           
           many
           Scythians
           ,
           Hircanians
           ,
           and
           from
           diuerse
           regions
           beyond
           the
           hill
           Taurus
           :
           likewise
           the
           Lacedaemonians
           ,
           the
           Sarmatians
           ,
           the
           Lydians
           ,
           the
           Essedones
           ,
           the
           Arimaspians
           ,
           the
           Massagites
           ,
           the
           Mores
           ,
           the
           Gelonians
           ,
           the
           Marmarians
           ,
           the
           Memnonians
           and
           they
           that
           dwell
           beyond
           the
           pillers
           of
           Hercules
           were
           readie
           in
           armour
           and
           shewed
           themselues
           seruiceable
           to
           Caesars
           commaund
           .
           Cn.
           Pompeius
           partly
           to
           welcome
           the
           straungers
           that
           came
           to
           Dirrachio
           ,
           and
           partly
           to
           encourage
           the
           Romanes
           which
           did
           follow
           him
           ,
           and
           to
           make
           the
           cause
           of
           the
           vndertaken
           warre
           manifest
           to
           them
           all
           ,
           the
           Nobles
           and
           Senators
           sitting
           round
           about
           him
           in
           harnesse
           ,
           vsed
           this
           speech
           vnto
           them
           .
        
         
         
           Let
           it
           not
           any
           whit
           dismay
           you
           friendly
           
           forreiners
           ,
           and
           faithfull
           harted
           Romanes
           ,
           that
           
             you
             are
             now
             farre
             from
             the
             wals
             of
             the
             taken
             citie
             ,
             and
             if
             the
             Italian
             ingenuitie
             ,
             and
             the
             heate
             of
             the
             Romane
             bloud
             be
             as
             yet
             warme
             within
             the
             Romanes
             ,
             let
             them
             not
             marke
             vpon
             what
             earth
             they
             stand
             ,
             so
             they
             stand
             vpon
             the
             ground
             of
             a
             good
             and
             lawfull
             quarrell
             .
             It
             is
             I
             trust
             euident
             to
             you
             all
             that
             we
             are
             the
             Senate
             :
             for
             if
             we
             were
             in
             the
             vtmost
             climate
             of
             the
             world
             ,
             aud
             directly
             vnder
             the
             freezing
             waine
             of
             the
             Northerne
             Beare
             ,
             yet
             in
             our
             hands
             should
             be
             the
             administration
             and
             regiment
             of
             the
             affaires
             of
             Italie
             .
             VVhen
             Camillus
             was
             at
             Veios
             Rome
             was
             there
             also
             ,
             and
             the
             Romanes
             forsaking
             their
             houses
             ,
             did
             neuer
             chaunge
             their
             lawes
             .
             Now
             is
             Rome
             Caesars
             captiue
             ,
             and
             a
             sort
             of
             sorrowfull
             hearts
             hath
             he
             there
             in
             hold
             ,
             emptie
             houses
             ,
             silent
             lawes
             ,
             and
             close
             courts
             :
             we
             are
             here
             as
             the
             punishers
             of
             Caesars
             faults
             ▪
             and
             the
             armor
             which
             we
             now
             beare
             ,
             is
             but
             onely
             the
             wrath
             of
             reuengefull
             Rome
             .
             Caesars
             warfare
             is
             as
             iust
             as
             Catilines
             ,
             and
             when
             he
             should
             be
             like
             to
             the
             Scipioes
             ,
             and
             the
             Marcelli
             ,
             he
             falleth
             into
             the
             
             rebellious
             faction
             of
             C.
             Marius
             ,
             Lepidus
             ,
             Carbo
             ,
             Sertorius
             :
             and
             yet
             in
             truth
             I
             honour
             him
             too
             much
             to
             consort
             him
             with
             these
             .
             He
             maketh
             accompt
             of
             me
             as
             of
             one
             withered
             ,
             halfe
             dead
             and
             foredone
             with
             yeares
             :
             but
             it
             is
             better
             for
             you
             to
             haue
             an
             ancient
             captaine
             ,
             then
             for
             Caesar
             to
             leade
             an
             armie
             of
             spent
             and
             outworne
             Veteranes
             .
             And
             though
             the
             age
             which
             hope
             doth
             follow
             be
             farre
             more
             plausible
             and
             acceptable
             ,
             then
             that
             which
             death
             doth
             pursue
             ,
             yet
             wisedome
             and
             experience
             proceede
             from
             elder
             times
             ,
             &
             the
             head
             whose
             haires
             resemble
             the
             feathers
             of
             the
             swan
             is
             a
             Senate
             house
             to
             a
             good
             armie
             .
             And
             if
             I
             may
             not
             be
             a
             souldier
             ,
             yet
             I
             will
             be
             the
             example
             of
             a
             souldier
             vnto
             you
             .
             The
             aestimation
             that
             I
             haue
             alwaies
             had
             amongst
             you
             Romanes
             ,
             by
             whose
             meanes
             I
             haue
             bene
             extolled
             to
             that
             honour
             ,
             aboue
             which
             neuer
             any
             Romane
             citizen
             did
             ascend
             ,
             may
             warrant
             my
             warfare
             .
             VVith
             vs
             also
             are
             both
             the
             Cōsuls
             ,
             with
             vs
             the
             armies
             of
             many
             forraine
             kings
             &
             potentates
             .
             Is
             Caesar
             trow
             you
             so
             venturous
             ,
             because
             he
             warred
             so
             lōg
             against
             the
             vnruly
             French
             ?
             why
             it
             was
             but
             a
             sporting
             practise
             ,
             more
             fit
             to
             
             traine
             his
             souldiers
             ,
             then
             to
             merite
             triumph
             :
             or
             hath
             his
             fortune
             against
             the
             Germaines
             raised
             his
             courage
             ,
             he
             went
             not
             so
             speedily
             to
             the
             Germaines
             as
             he
             departed
             from
             them
             ,
             and
             rather
             fearing
             them
             then
             feared
             of
             them
             ,
             he
             called
             the
             Germaine
             sea
             the
             whirlepit
             of
             hell
             ?
             or
             doth
             his
             bloud
             begin
             to
             boile
             within
             him
             ,
             because
             the
             fame
             of
             his
             furie
             did
             suddēly
             driue
             the
             Senators
             out
             of
             their
             houses
             and
             harbours
             ?
             VVhen
             I
             displayed
             my
             blazing
             ensigne
             vpon
             the
             Ponticke
             sea
             ,
             the
             Ocean
             was
             no
             more
             traced
             with
             the
             pirate
             ships
             ,
             but
             they
             did
             all
             crowd
             into
             a
             narrow
             corner
             of
             the
             earth
             .
             Mithridates
             that
             vntamed
             prince
             ,
             who
             long
             expected
             when
             victorie
             should
             flie
             from
             Rome
             ,
             I
             enforced
             to
             take
             his
             pauillion
             ,
             in
             which
             he
             died
             like
             a
             fugitiue
             coward
             ,
             &
             therin
             I
             was
             more
             fortunate
             then
             the
             most
             fortunate
             Sylla
             .
             There
             is
             no
             part
             of
             the
             world
             without
             my
             trophees
             ,
             and
             what
             land
             soeuer
             lyeth
             vnder
             the
             sunne
             ,
             hath
             either
             bene
             vanquished
             or
             terrified
             by
             Pompey
             :
             and
             I
             haue
             left
             no
             warre
             for
             Caesar
             ,
             but
             this
             which
             now
             he
             maintaineth
             ,
             in
             which
             though
             he
             ouercome
             ,
             yet
             he
             shall
             neuer
             triumph
             .
             VVherefore
             the
             nearer
             
             Caesar
             doth
             approch
             vnto
             you
             ,
             the
             more
             let
             your
             courage
             rise
             ,
             or
             if
             words
             cannot
             preuaile
             ,
             imagine
             that
             you
             are
             now
             vpon
             the
             banckes
             of
             Tiber
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Romane
             matrons
             standing
             vpon
             the
             wals
             of
             the
             citie
             ,
             with
             streaming
             teares
             ,
             and
             dispersed
             hairelockes
             ,
             do
             exhort
             you
             and
             intreate
             you
             to
             fight
             :
             Imagine
             that
             out
             of
             the
             gates
             of
             the
             citie
             the
             old
             and
             grayheaded
             fathers
             ,
             that
             are
             notable
             to
             weild
             weapons
             do
             prostrate
             vnto
             your
             feete
             their
             hoarie
             heades
             ,
             requiring
             succour
             and
             defence
             of
             you
             :
             and
             thinke
             that
             Rome
             herself
             fearing
             a
             tyrant
             boweth
             vnto
             you
             :
             thinke
             that
             the
             infants
             which
             are
             alreadie
             borne
             ,
             &
             which
             hereafter
             shall
             be
             borne
             ,
             haue
             mingled
             their
             common
             teares
             ,
             and
             that
             they
             which
             as
             yet
             neuer
             saw
             the
             light
             ,
             desire
             to
             be
             borne
             free
             ,
             and
             they
             which
             do
             now
             liue
             desire
             to
             dy
             free
             :
             and
             if
             all
             this
             will
             not
             serue
             ,
             then
             Pompey
             (
             if
             he
             may
             so
             debase
             the
             maiestie
             of
             a
             Generall
             )
             with
             his
             wife
             and
             children
             will
             fal
             before
             your
             feet
             .
             But
             this
             is
             my
             last
             behest
             that
             I
             require
             of
             you
             ,
             let
             not
             Pompey
             who
             in
             his
             youth
             hath
             alwaies
             honored
             you
             ,
             be
             dishonored
             through
             your
             default
             in
             his
             dying
             yeares
             ,
             for
             your
             
             selues
             ,
             for
             your
             kindred
             ,
             your
             freedome
             and
             good
             estate
             .
             I
             protest
             thus
             much
             ,
             that
             I
             will
             neuer
             returne
             to
             Rome
             but
             I
             will
             carrie
             peace
             in
             my
             hand
             ,
             and
             the
             Oliue
             braunch
             shall
             be
             my
             ensigne
             .
          
           The
           Romanes
           were
           greatly
           emboldened
           hearing
           these
           words
           ,
           seeing
           their
           Generall
           so
           youthfully
           minded
           ,
           &
           as
           it
           were
           refined
           in
           the
           mould
           of
           Mars
           .
           VVherefore
           they
           expected
           Caesar
           with
           prepared
           minds
           .
           And
           Caesar
           hauing
           now
           praefected
           gouernors
           ouer
           Orichum
           and
           Apollonia
           ,
           made
           great
           hast
           to
           Dirrachio
           ,
           in
           which
           place
           at
           his
           first
           comming
           Pompey
           gaue
           him
           the
           onset
           ,
           and
           
           made
           him
           to
           flie
           hauing
           lost
           a
           great
           part
           of
           his
           armie
           :
           and
           though
           M.
           Antonius
           came
           not
           
           long
           after
           to
           Caesar
           with
           a
           fresh
           supply
           ,
           ready
           to
           face
           and
           brest
           the
           enemie
           ,
           yet
           Pompey
           did
           so
           plague
           thē
           with
           continuall
           warring
           against
           them
           ,
           when
           he
           saw
           cōuenient
           time
           ;
           that
           Caesars
           victuals
           being
           almost
           wasted
           ,
           he
           was
           faine
           through
           penurie
           of
           corne
           to
           flye
           into
           Thessali
           ,
           and
           Pompey
           speedily
           pursuing
           him
           in
           the
           champion
           plaine
           of
           Pharsalia
           ,
           pitched
           his
           tents
           directly
           against
           Caesars
           .
           In
           Pompeis
           campe
           all
           things
           were
           glorious
           ,
           magnificent
           ,
           
           and
           glittering
           in
           shew
           :
           in
           Caesars
           all
           things
           powerfull
           ,
           actiue
           ,
           and
           strong
           .
           The
           Romanes
           being
           thus
           deuided
           both
           parties
           were
           greatly
           enflamed
           with
           desire
           of
           fight
           :
           Pompeis
           souldiers
           were
           readie
           to
           depriue
           him
           of
           the
           ensignes
           ,
           and
           to
           enter
           the
           field
           without
           a
           Generall
           :
           so
           deliberatiue
           was
           that
           noble
           Captaine
           of
           their
           welfare
           ,
           and
           so
           desperate
           were
           they
           and
           carelesse
           what
           befell
           vpon
           them
           .
           In
           Pompey
           there
           was
           this
           desire
           and
           thought
           to
           ouercome
           with
           as
           little
           bloudshed
           as
           might
           be
           .
           But
           what
           fiends
           and
           damned
           spirits
           diddest
           thou
           inuocate
           Caius
           Caesar
           ?
           what
           Stygian
           furies
           ,
           what
           infernall
           hagges
           ,
           and
           what
           nightly
           terrors
           didest
           thou
           intreat
           ?
           to
           what
           Eumenides
           diddest
           thou
           sacrifice
           ,
           intending
           such
           a
           generall
           slaughter
           ?
           Pompey
           being
           earnestly
           vrged
           by
           his
           souldiers
           thought
           good
           to
           marshall
           his
           men
           ,
           and
           to
           set
           the
           armie
           as
           might
           be
           most
           conuenient
           for
           the
           soile
           whereon
           they
           were
           to
           combate
           .
           The
           left
           wing
           of
           the
           armie
           
           was
           committed
           to
           L.
           Lentulus
           ,
           the
           leading
           of
           the
           right
           wing
           had
           L.
           Domitius
           ,
           the
           strength
           and
           middest
           of
           the
           battell
           did
           wholly
           relie
           vpon
           P.
           Scipio
           :
           vpon
           the
           bankes
           and
           
           sides
           of
           the
           riuers
           did
           march
           the
           Cappadocians
           &
           Ponticke
           horsemen
           :
           in
           the
           brode
           field
           were
           Tetrarches
           ,
           Kings
           ,
           and
           Princes
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           purpled
           Lords
           that
           were
           tributarie
           to
           Rome
           :
           Pompeis
           squadrons
           were
           furnished
           with
           many
           Romanes
           ,
           Italians
           ,
           and
           Spaniards
           .
           Caesar
           seeing
           his
           enemies
           to
           haue
           discended
           into
           the
           plaine
           ,
           was
           heartily
           glad
           that
           so
           good
           occasion
           was
           offred
           him
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           day
           was
           come
           which
           with
           a
           million
           of
           wishes
           he
           called
           for
           :
           wherefore
           departing
           out
           of
           his
           tents
           and
           marshalling
           his
           souldiers
           he
           made
           toward
           Pompey
           .
           In
           this
           battell
           ,
           the
           fathers
           face
           was
           directly
           against
           the
           sonnes
           ,
           the
           brother
           was
           preparing
           himselfe
           against
           his
           brother
           ,
           the
           vncle
           was
           the
           first
           that
           leuelled
           at
           the
           nephew
           ,
           and
           he
           that
           did
           slay
           most
           of
           his
           kindred
           was
           accompted
           most
           couragious
           .
           VVhen
           the
           trūpets
           denounced
           the
           warres
           ,
           and
           gaue
           a
           signe
           of
           fight
           ,
           the
           Caesarians
           did
           fiercely
           giue
           assault
           
           to
           the
           Pompeians
           .
           The
           force
           and
           vigor
           of
           the
           warre
           did
           consist
           in
           the
           launces
           ,
           speares
           ,
           and
           swords
           ,
           which
           Pompey
           had
           well
           prouided
           against
           ,
           by
           ioyning
           the
           targets
           one
           with
           another
           ,
           so
           that
           Caesar
           had
           much
           ado
           to
           breake
           
           the
           array
           :
           but
           fearing
           lest
           his
           foremen
           should
           faint
           ,
           he
           caused
           the
           transuers
           legions
           to
           follow
           his
           ensigne
           ,
           who
           as
           it
           were
           with
           a
           side-wind
           aduenturing
           vpon
           Pōpeis
           armie
           ,
           stroke
           them
           downe
           on
           each
           side
           so
           fast
           as
           they
           went.
           The
           barded
           horse
           being
           incensed
           with
           the
           heate
           of
           the
           warre
           ,
           his
           heart
           being
           boared
           with
           the
           point
           of
           the
           speare
           ,
           exempted
           himselfe
           from
           the
           reine
           .
           The
           Barbarians
           being
           not
           able
           to
           restraine
           them
           gaue
           way
           to
           Caesar
           ,
           and
           the
           foming
           steede
           being
           now
           the
           regent
           of
           the
           field
           ,
           the
           fight
           was
           confused
           and
           disordered
           :
           for
           vpon
           whom
           the
           dart
           did
           vncertainly
           light
           ,
           leauing
           their
           horses
           perforce
           they
           lay
           groning
           and
           groueling
           on
           the
           earth
           ,
           till
           the
           hoofes
           of
           the
           arrearing
           coursers
           did
           crush
           the
           veile
           of
           their
           braines
           .
           Caesar
           was
           now
           come
           to
           the
           heart
           and
           center
           of
           Pompeis
           armie
           ,
           but
           the
           night
           drew
           on
           which
           made
           both
           sides
           pause
           :
           Caesar
           did
           thanke
           his
           souldiers
           ,
           and
           gliding
           through
           euery
           troope
           and
           band
           of
           them
           ,
           he
           did
           put
           nourishing
           oile
           into
           their
           burning
           wrath
           .
           He
           tooke
           view
           of
           their
           swords
           ,
           curiously
           obseruing
           whose
           weapon
           was
           ouerflowed
           with
           bloud
           ,
           and
           whose
           
           was
           dipped
           at
           the
           point
           ,
           whose
           hand
           did
           trēble
           and
           whose
           was
           stedfast
           ,
           who
           changed
           the
           countenance
           through
           feare
           ,
           &
           who
           through
           furie
           ,
           and
           casting
           his
           eyes
           on
           the
           prostrate
           carcasses
           ,
           frowning
           vpon
           them
           with
           curled
           forehead
           ,
           as
           not
           yet
           satisfied
           he
           fed
           his
           irefull
           lookes
           with
           the
           desolate
           aspect
           of
           his
           slaine
           countriemen
           ,
           but
           if
           he
           perceiued
           a
           gaspe
           in
           the
           flesh
           of
           his
           owne
           souldiers
           ,
           he
           would
           endeuour
           to
           close
           it
           vp
           with
           his
           hand
           ,
           &
           giuing
           them
           words
           of
           comfort
           and
           encouragement
           did
           sooner
           heale
           them
           then
           indeede
           they
           were
           healed
           .
           At
           the
           dawning
           of
           the
           day
           next
           ensuing
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           first
           entrance
           of
           that
           mornings
           bloudie
           houres
           ,
           when
           the
           welkin
           had
           put
           aside
           the
           vizard
           of
           the
           night
           ,
           the
           starres
           being
           couered
           and
           the
           earth
           discouered
           by
           the
           Sunne
           ,
           Caesar
           giuing
           his
           souldiers
           new
           swords
           ,
           new
           darts
           ,
           speares
           and
           launces
           ,
           and
           awaking
           their
           courage
           ,
           giuing
           them
           also
           to
           vnderstand
           with
           the
           point
           of
           his
           launce
           ,
           in
           what
           part
           of
           the
           aduerse
           armie
           the
           forreine
           kings
           ,
           the
           Consuls
           ,
           the
           Senators
           ,
           and
           the
           nobilitie
           were
           placed
           ,
           directed
           them
           as
           it
           were
           by
           aime
           ,
           to
           gage
           the
           bodies
           of
           many
           excellēt
           
           men
           ,
           who
           entangling
           their
           weapons
           in
           the
           intrals
           of
           these
           noble
           enemies
           ,
           did
           throw
           to
           the
           ground
           &
           to
           extreme
           ruine
           many
           princely
           potentates
           :
           many
           reuerent
           persons
           were
           buried
           in
           go
           are
           :
           many
           of
           the
           Lepidi
           ,
           of
           the
           Metelli
           ,
           of
           the
           Coruini
           and
           Torquati
           :
           but
           amongst
           the
           rest
           the
           fortune
           of
           Domitius
           was
           dolorous
           and
           despitefull
           ,
           he
           as
           before
           hath
           bene
           said
           ,
           was
           once
           pardoned
           and
           dismissed
           of
           Caesar
           ,
           but
           now
           was
           singled
           out
           by
           Caesar
           and
           grieuously
           wounded
           ,
           but
           yet
           so
           great
           was
           his
           mind
           that
           he
           would
           not
           stoope
           to
           begge
           a
           second
           pardon
           ,
           whome
           Caesar
           looking
           vpon
           like
           a
           tyrant
           ,
           and
           seeing
           him
           rowle
           his
           fainting
           members
           in
           the
           moistned
           dust
           ,
           did
           with
           this
           bitternesse
           insult
           ,
           giuing
           him
           the
           
           scornefull
           gaze
           :
           L.
           Domitius
           now
           I
           hope
           at
           length
           you
           wil
           forsake
           your
           maister
           Pompey
           ,
           hereafter
           I
           trust
           you
           will
           practise
           no
           enmitie
           against
           Caesar
           .
           But
           as
           good
           fortune
           would
           ,
           he
           had
           as
           yet
           breath
           enough
           to
           replie
           in
           these
           few
           words
           .
           Caesar
           I
           dy
           a
           free
           man
           ,
           and
           I
           go
           to
           the
           region
           of
           Proserpina
           ,
           not
           seeing
           thee
           as
           a
           conquerour
           ,
           but
           as
           yet
           inferiour
           to
           Pompey
           ,
           and
           euen
           at
           my
           death
           am
           I
           refreshed
           with
           this
           
           hope
           ,
           that
           thou
           liuest
           to
           be
           subdued
           by
           the
           rigor
           of
           destinie
           ,
           which
           wil
           take
           reuenge
           both
           for
           vs
           ,
           and
           for
           thy
           sonne
           in
           law
           .
           Hauing
           spoken
           these
           words
           his
           life
           fled
           from
           him
           ,
           and
           his
           sight
           was
           taken
           away
           with
           a
           dreadful
           darknesse
           ,
           by
           whose
           wounds
           so
           much
           bloud
           was
           not
           lost
           ,
           as
           there
           was
           glorie
           gained
           .
           For
           he
           gaue
           a
           cleare
           token
           of
           an
           honorable
           mind
           ,
           accompting
           it
           a
           great
           deale
           better
           to
           haue
           dignitie
           without
           life
           ,
           then
           life
           without
           dignitie
           .
           But
           Caesar
           thinking
           nothing
           to
           be
           done
           if
           any
           thing
           were
           vndone
           ,
           ragingly
           and
           earnestly
           did
           seeke
           for
           the
           person
           of
           Pompey
           ,
           &
           rushing
           into
           the
           thicke
           of
           his
           souldiers
           ,
           neuer
           stretched
           out
           his
           arme
           without
           deaths
           warrant
           ,
           and
           neuer
           looked
           backe
           but
           when
           he
           saw
           none
           to
           fight
           withall
           .
           Pompey
           standing
           a
           farre
           off
           on
           the
           top
           of
           an
           hill
           ,
           seeing
           the
           fields
           to
           swimme
           with
           bloud
           ,
           and
           the
           Romane
           Senate
           to
           be
           nothing
           now
           but
           an
           heape
           of
           carcasses
           ,
           and
           that
           his
           owne
           decay
           was
           sought
           for
           by
           the
           bloud
           of
           a
           multitude
           ,
           reseruing
           himselfe
           to
           some
           better
           fortune
           ,
           forsooke
           the
           field
           and
           fled
           to
           Larissa
           .
           Caesar
           perceiuing
           it
           ,
           
           thought
           it
           better
           to
           giue
           some
           rest
           to
           his
           armie
           ,
           
           then
           with
           a
           sudden
           pursuite
           to
           make
           after
           him
           :
           wherefore
           he
           retired
           his
           souldiers
           ,
           &
           came
           to
           Pompeys
           tents
           .
           VVhen
           the
           wandering
           night
           was
           chased
           frō
           the
           inferiour
           Islands
           by
           the
           recoursing
           day
           ,
           and
           the
           Sunne
           had
           imparted
           his
           brightnesse
           to
           our
           vnder-neighbors
           ,
           and
           the
           dreames
           were
           readie
           to
           possesse
           the
           Theater
           of
           the
           fancie
           ,
           the
           wearisome
           creatures
           of
           the
           world
           declining
           to
           their
           rest
           :
           the
           Caesarians
           hauing
           ransacked
           Pompeis
           tents
           ,
           and
           refreshed
           their
           fainting
           bodies
           with
           the
           viand
           there
           left
           ,
           betooke
           themselues
           to
           their
           ease
           ,
           and
           reposed
           their
           wearied
           limmes
           in
           these
           plots
           which
           the
           Pompeians
           did
           before
           lodge
           in
           .
           But
           how
           shall
           I
           describe
           the
           deformitie
           of
           that
           night
           ,
           in
           which
           hell
           did
           breath
           out
           the
           ghosts
           of
           them
           that
           were
           slaine
           ,
           the
           aire
           was
           infected
           with
           contagious
           vapours
           ,
           and
           the
           starres
           trembled
           at
           the
           beholding
           of
           the
           vncouth
           Stygians
           ?
           Sleepe
           did
           bring
           no
           quietnesse
           vnto
           them
           ,
           but
           flames
           ,
           murmurs
           ,
           horrors
           ,
           and
           the
           hideous
           sounds
           of
           the
           skriking
           
           Harpies
           .
           The
           ghost
           of
           the
           slaughtered
           Romane
           did
           appeare
           vnto
           them
           ,
           and
           euery
           mans
           fancie
           was
           a
           fiend
           vnto
           him
           :
           some
           did
           
           thinke
           that
           they
           beheld
           the
           image
           of
           a
           young
           man
           ,
           some
           of
           an
           old
           man
           ,
           others
           did
           dreame
           that
           their
           brethren
           were
           come
           to
           take
           reuēge
           on
           them
           ,
           but
           in
           Caesars
           mind
           were
           all
           these
           terrors
           :
           the
           slaine
           Senate
           did
           seeme
           to
           encōpasse
           him
           on
           all
           sides
           ,
           brandishing
           their
           fierie
           swords
           ,
           sweating
           ,
           frying
           and
           dropping
           with
           rosen
           and
           sulpher
           ,
           and
           the
           greatest
           torment
           of
           all
           was
           a
           guiltie
           conscience
           .
           He
           was
           now
           molested
           with
           the
           powers
           of
           hell
           ,
           when
           his
           enemies
           that
           suruiued
           slept
           quietly
           in
           Larissa
           .
           Pompey
           after
           his
           mishap
           in
           Pharsalie
           made
           speedie
           voiage
           toward
           Egipt
           where
           Ptolome
           
           did
           raigne
           :
           for
           Pompey
           hauing
           procured
           the
           restitutiō
           of
           his
           father
           to
           the
           throne
           of
           Egipt
           ,
           and
           with
           many
           other
           singuler
           benefites
           hauing
           deserued
           his
           fauour
           ,
           thought
           that
           the
           young
           Prince
           in
           a
           kind
           regard
           wold
           haue
           entertained
           him
           according
           to
           his
           honour
           and
           desert
           :
           but
           who
           doth
           busie
           his
           memorie
           in
           recounting
           benefites
           ?
           and
           who
           will
           thinke
           himselfe
           beholden
           to
           one
           that
           is
           distressed
           ?
           and
           when
           doth
           not
           fortune
           chaunge
           friendship
           ?
           Ptolome
           ,
           vnthankfull
           Ptolome
           ,
           disleagued
           with
           the
           senslesse
           litargie
           of
           foule
           ingratitude
           ,
           
           when
           by
           certaine
           report
           he
           heard
           that
           Pompey
           had
           approched
           to
           the
           shore
           ,
           sent
           out
           his
           dire
           and
           dreadfull
           messengers
           to
           depriue
           the
           aged
           bodie
           of
           the
           vnuanquished
           mind
           .
           And
           when
           Achilles
           that
           bold
           butcherer
           did
           with
           his
           glaiue
           portend
           the
           last
           end
           of
           his
           daies
           ,
           Pompey
           whose
           excellent
           qualities
           might
           encline
           a
           massagite
           to
           mercie
           ,
           craued
           with
           constant
           countenance
           but
           a
           word
           or
           two
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           as
           for
           life
           he
           was
           content
           to
           leaue
           it
           :
           the
           sauage
           helhound
           would
           scarcely
           condescend
           to
           this
           request
           ,
           but
           at
           length
           his
           tygers
           heart
           yeelded
           ,
           and
           Pompey
           in
           few
           words
           wishing
           to
           the
           Romanes
           libertie
           ,
           to
           his
           wife
           comfort
           ,
           to
           his
           sonnes
           safetie
           ,
           was
           beheaded
           by
           these
           
           mercilesse
           Egyptians
           ,
           and
           his
           head
           was
           born
           as
           a
           present
           to
           Ptolome
           ,
           which
           was
           farre
           too
           good
           a
           present
           for
           so
           lewde
           a
           prince
           .
           But
           how
           false
           was
           this
           world
           to
           Pompey
           ,
           who
           had
           not
           now
           earth
           enough
           for
           his
           sepulture
           ,
           to
           whom
           before
           the
           earth
           was
           too
           little
           for
           his
           cōquest
           :
           but
           rare
           is
           that
           bird
           whose
           feathers
           do
           not
           moult
           ,
           and
           happie
           is
           that
           man
           whose
           glorie
           doth
           not
           eclipse
           .
           Caesar
           made
           hast
           after
           Pompey
           with
           an
           hote
           and
           earnest
           pursuite
           ,
           not
           
           knowing
           that
           he
           was
           praeuented
           of
           the
           prize
           which
           he
           aimed
           at
           ,
           and
           as
           the
           beasts
           which
           nature
           hath
           placed
           in
           the
           wildernesse
           ,
           when
           poore
           pilgrimes
           walke
           by
           their
           solitarie
           and
           vncouth
           dens
           ,
           runne
           all
           together
           with
           one
           rage
           ,
           hunting
           their
           footsteps
           ,
           euery
           one
           thinking
           to
           purchase
           the
           pray
           ,
           the
           Lion
           ,
           the
           Leopard
           ,
           the
           Beare
           ,
           the
           Beuer
           ,
           the
           Tiger
           ,
           the
           Luzerne
           and
           the
           VVolfe
           ,
           making
           the
           woods
           to
           ring
           with
           hollow
           outcries
           .
           So
           the
           Caesarians
           did
           enquire
           and
           make
           after
           Pompey
           ,
           amazing
           the
           seas
           with
           sounding
           trumpets
           ,
           drums
           ,
           fifes
           ,
           and
           shawmes
           ,
           and
           neuer
           ceassed
           their
           pursuite
           till
           they
           were
           arriued
           in
           Egipt
           ,
           where
           they
           were
           roially
           entertained
           of
           Cleopatra
           
           the
           Egyptian
           princesse
           ,
           who
           with
           complaint
           and
           mournfull
           melodie
           ,
           did
           allure
           Caesar
           ,
           admiring
           her
           singular
           beautie
           ,
           to
           tame
           and
           suppresse
           the
           pride
           of
           Ptolome
           ,
           who
           had
           then
           deforced
           her
           from
           her
           soueraigne
           estate
           .
           Caesar
           did
           not
           deny
           this
           faire
           Oratresse
           ,
           hauing
           alreadie
           perswaded
           him
           ,
           if
           her
           toung
           had
           bin
           silent
           .
           Mars
           spent
           a
           long
           time
           with
           Venus
           ,
           and
           before
           his
           departure
           from
           thence
           Cleopatra
           was
           another
           Calphurnia
           vnto
           him
           .
           But
           why
           
           do
           I
           name
           Calphurnia
           ?
           For
           what
           proportion
           can
           there
           be
           betwixt
           a
           chast
           matron
           and
           a
           shamelesse
           curtizan
           .
           Caesar
           labouring
           to
           restore
           Cleopatra
           to
           her
           former
           dignitie
           was
           suddenly
           assaulted
           by
           the
           king
           of
           Egypt
           with
           
           an
           huge
           armie
           ,
           and
           in
           that
           warre
           he
           was
           driuen
           to
           many
           extremities
           ,
           the
           conduit
           pipes
           were
           cut
           a
           sunder
           ,
           and
           he
           was
           besieged
           on
           euery
           side
           being
           as
           yet
           in
           Cleopatraes
           pallace
           ,
           but
           in
           the
           end
           wrastling
           out
           of
           these
           misfortunes
           ,
           he
           gaue
           battell
           to
           the
           Egyptians
           at
           Pharoes
           ,
           and
           conueying
           himselfe
           into
           a
           gallie
           for
           the
           defence
           and
           safegard
           of
           his
           fleete
           which
           was
           grieuously
           tost
           ,
           he
           was
           so
           vexed
           and
           shaken
           by
           his
           enemies
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           faine
           to
           leaue
           his
           gally
           ,
           and
           swimming
           a
           great
           way
           in
           the
           riuer
           of
           Nilus
           ,
           returned
           with
           great
           difficultie
           
           to
           his
           armie
           ,
           but
           at
           the
           last
           encountring
           the
           Egyptians
           at
           Alexandria
           ,
           he
           put
           the
           king
           and
           his
           whole
           armie
           to
           the
           sword
           :
           and
           in
           these
           warres
           was
           burnt
           the
           notable
           librarie
           of
           Ptolomeus
           Philadelphus
           ,
           but
           much
           against
           Caesars
           mind
           ,
           who
           as
           he
           was
           specially
           learned
           so
           he
           made
           speciall
           accompt
           of
           that
           monument
           of
           learning
           .
           Caesar
           hauing
           raised
           Cleopatra
           
           to
           her
           pristinate
           roialtie
           ,
           departed
           from
           Egypt
           and
           hastened
           toward
           Vtica
           ,
           but
           in
           the
           way
           being
           enformed
           that
           Pharnaces
           the
           son
           of
           Mithridates
           ,
           whome
           Pompey
           when
           he
           had
           finished
           the
           warre
           against
           Mithridates
           ,
           had
           made
           king
           of
           Bosphorus
           ,
           had
           subtracted
           from
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           and
           atchieued
           to
           himself
           Cappadocia
           ,
           Colchis
           ,
           Armenia
           ,
           and
           part
           of
           Pontus
           :
           Caesar
           sent
           against
           him
           Domitius
           Caluinus
           ,
           
           whose
           armie
           was
           discomfited
           by
           Pharnaces
           .
           Caesar
           did
           then
           in
           person
           make
           expedition
           against
           him
           ,
           and
           assaulting
           him
           at
           Zelia
           ,
           caused
           him
           at
           the
           first
           ioyning
           of
           battell
           to
           flye
           ,
           and
           hauing
           entred
           Bosphorus
           ,
           he
           was
           
           slaine
           of
           Asander
           the
           author
           of
           his
           inuasions
           .
           VVhilest
           Caesar
           was
           marching
           toward
           Vtica
           ,
           M.
           Cato
           disdaining
           to
           receiue
           life
           at
           the
           hāds
           of
           Caesar
           ,
           and
           greatly
           perplexed
           in
           mind
           that
           a
           man
           so
           rebelliously
           bent
           should
           haue
           so
           prosperous
           fortune
           ,
           did
           with
           violent
           hands
           
           determine
           his
           daies
           .
           Caesar
           hauing
           taken
           Vtica
           as
           he
           was
           returning
           to
           Rome
           ,
           did
           encounter
           P.
           Scipio
           on
           the
           seas
           ,
           who
           seeking
           by
           
           all
           warlike
           meanes
           to
           preserue
           the
           slender
           sparckle
           of
           his
           dying
           life
           ,
           was
           at
           length
           slaine
           .
           
           and
           Caesar
           sayling
           from
           thence
           enshoared
           in
           Sardinia
           ,
           and
           making
           no
           long
           tarriance
           in
           that
           place
           ,
           came
           the
           fiue
           and
           twentieth
           day
           of
           that
           moneth
           ,
           which
           beares
           his
           name
           at
           this
           day
           to
           the
           citie
           of
           Rome
           ,
           where
           he
           was
           welcomed
           with
           such
           applause
           ,
           such
           gratulation
           ,
           with
           such
           melodie
           ,
           with
           so
           rare
           banquets
           ,
           and
           with
           so
           gorgious
           shewes
           ,
           that
           Pompeis
           death
           was
           not
           bewailed
           with
           halfe
           so
           many
           teares
           ,
           as
           he
           was
           entertained
           with
           ioyes
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           sealing
           of
           their
           good
           affection
           towards
           him
           ,
           they
           did
           grant
           to
           him
           by
           a
           fourefold
           triumph
           to
           enlarge
           his
           fame
           .
           A
           triumph
           was
           a
           most
           excellent
           
           honour
           ,
           which
           the
           captaine
           who
           by
           battell
           had
           ouercome
           his
           enemies
           ,
           returning
           with
           his
           armie
           into
           the
           citie
           did
           at
           the
           first
           enioy
           by
           the
           decree
           of
           the
           Senate
           ,
           and
           afterward
           by
           the
           consent
           of
           the
           people
           .
           It
           was
           called
           a
           triumph
           because
           the
           souldiers
           did
           crye
           along
           the
           streete
           as
           they
           went
           to
           the
           Capitolle
           ,
           Io
           triumph
           .
           Surely
           the
           Romanes
           did
           greatly
           aduantage
           themselues
           by
           the
           vsing
           of
           these
           triumphes
           ,
           for
           by
           them
           men
           were
           animated
           to
           warlike
           exploits
           .
           But
           many
           thinke
           a
           common-weale
           then
           onely
           to
           flourish
           ,
           whē
           
           it
           hath
           peace
           and
           plentie
           ,
           but
           being
           moued
           with
           the
           present
           face
           of
           things
           ,
           and
           not
           forecasting
           the
           sequele
           ,
           they
           slip
           into
           errour
           ,
           and
           foster
           in
           their
           minds
           fond
           opinions
           ,
           for
           plentie
           breedeth
           securitie
           ,
           securitie
           warre
           ,
           warre
           desolation
           .
           The
           state
           of
           a
           countrey
           is
           then
           to
           be
           tearmed
           prosperous
           ,
           when
           it
           is
           throughly
           furnished
           with
           men
           able
           and
           sufficient
           to
           repulse
           forreine
           forces
           ,
           with
           the
           prouentions
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           and
           other
           treasures
           of
           husbandrie
           .
           But
           how
           canst
           thou
           assure
           thy selfe
           of
           free
           and
           peaceable
           inioying
           of
           the
           riches
           of
           thy
           countrey
           ,
           the
           space
           of
           one
           moneth
           without
           militarie
           discipline
           ?
           For
           all
           regions
           except
           those
           which
           are
           situate
           vnder
           the
           extremitie
           of
           the
           climates
           ,
           are
           enuironed
           with
           the
           circumference
           of
           other
           nations
           ,
           from
           which
           warre
           may
           arise
           as
           easily
           ,
           as
           the
           winde
           bloweth
           from
           the
           foure
           quarters
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           in
           which
           dangerous
           accident
           the
           first
           and
           last
           refuge
           of
           humane
           helpes
           is
           the
           soldiers
           arme
           .
           Doubtlesse
           the
           Romanes
           were
           exquisite
           in
           all
           heroicall
           desert
           ,
           but
           in
           their
           bountie
           and
           beneficence
           to
           souldiers
           incomparably
           excellent
           :
           for
           they
           knew
           ,
           that
           the
           prouinces
           and
           Ilands
           adiacent
           
           could
           not
           be
           wonne
           by
           home
           sitting
           ,
           or
           by
           a
           treatie
           of
           words
           :
           but
           they
           must
           gird
           their
           armour
           ,
           confront
           their
           enemies
           ,
           and
           exchange
           bloud
           for
           bloud
           ,
           and
           when
           these
           countreyes
           were
           conquered
           ,
           &
           they
           had
           tasted
           the
           sweet
           of
           the
           vintage
           ,
           which
           the
           souldiers
           had
           gathered
           ,
           they
           did
           not
           reward
           them
           with
           sower
           grapes
           ,
           neither
           powred
           they
           vineger
           into
           their
           wounds
           ,
           but
           assigned
           vnto
           them
           pensionarie
           lands
           ,
           for
           their
           maintenance
           ,
           and
           making
           thē
           franke
           allowance
           of
           ample
           rewards
           ,
           encouraged
           them
           with
           crownes
           of
           glorie
           ,
           triumphs
           ,
           honors
           and
           dignities
           ,
           so
           that
           victorie
           flourished
           there
           where
           armes
           were
           fauoured
           .
           Surely
           Princes
           &
           potentates
           ought
           with
           tender
           indulgence
           to
           respect
           the
           infatigable
           paines
           of
           the
           souldier
           ,
           lest
           he
           murmur
           and
           say
           when
           he
           goeth
           to
           the
           fight
           ,
           I
           shall
           either
           be
           ouercome
           ,
           or
           slaine
           :
           and
           so
           be
           wholly
           subiect
           to
           the
           will
           and
           disposall
           of
           mine
           enemie
           ,
           or
           else
           be
           partaker
           of
           the
           victorie
           ,
           and
           returne
           into
           my
           country
           ,
           as
           into
           a
           pitched
           field
           ,
           where
           I
           shall
           fight
           with
           penurie
           ,
           contempt
           and
           vnthankfulnesse
           ,
           the
           last
           of
           which
           being
           either
           in
           the
           enemies
           chaines
           ,
           or
           in
           the
           number
           of
           
           his
           dead
           men
           ,
           I
           should
           neuer
           haue
           felt
           .
           But
           if
           the
           souldiers
           industrie
           be
           not
           quickened
           and
           stirred
           vp
           by
           bountie
           and
           reward
           ,
           he
           hath
           no
           more
           will
           to
           performe
           any
           part
           of
           martial
           seruice
           ,
           then
           a
           dead
           coarse
           hath
           power
           to
           arise
           out
           of
           the
           graue
           .
           For
           what
           can
           be
           more
           precious
           to
           a
           man
           then
           his
           bloud
           ,
           being
           the
           foūtaine
           and
           nurse
           of
           his
           vitall
           spirits
           ,
           and
           the
           ground
           of
           his
           bodily
           substance
           ,
           which
           no
           free
           and
           ingenuous
           nature
           will
           loose
           or
           hazard
           for
           nothing
           .
           And
           in
           truth
           there
           is
           great
           ods
           in
           the
           euent
           ,
           for
           the
           souldier
           may
           either
           be
           slaine
           and
           so
           die
           without
           receiuing
           of
           his
           salarie
           ,
           or
           else
           be
           wounded
           and
           die
           vnder
           the
           cure
           ,
           and
           so
           receiue
           his
           stipend
           to
           the
           halfe
           part
           .
           This
           account
           being
           thus
           cast
           ,
           it
           falleth
           out
           that
           the
           souldier
           looseth
           all
           or
           some
           part
           ,
           &
           the
           Prince
           who
           is
           his
           pay-maister
           ,
           saueth
           either
           all
           or
           some
           part
           .
           And
           whosoeuer
           shall
           argument
           or
           discourse
           vpon
           found
           reason
           ,
           and
           infallible
           experience
           ,
           may
           easily
           proue
           and
           conuince
           ,
           that
           these
           commō-weales
           haue
           most
           prospered
           ,
           which
           haue
           liberally
           maintained
           and
           had
           in
           singular
           regard
           militarie
           artes
           .
           The
           mentioning
           of
           Caesars
           triumph
           hath
           occasioned
           
           me
           to
           vse
           this
           digression
           .
           This
           word
           Triumphus
           is
           deriued
           of
           the
           Greeke
           name
           of
           Bacchus
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           who
           hauing
           subdued
           India
           ,
           was
           the
           first
           inuenter
           of
           this
           honor
           .
           Of
           triumphs
           there
           were
           two
           sorts
           obserued
           of
           the
           Romans
           ,
           one
           the
           graund
           triumph
           ,
           which
           by
           praeheminence
           was
           called
           Triumphus
           ,
           the
           other
           was
           the
           pettie
           triumph
           ,
           and
           was
           commonly
           called
           Ouatio
           ,
           of
           these
           triumphs
           some
           were
           done
           on
           land
           ,
           some
           on
           sea
           ,
           some
           in
           the
           citie
           ,
           some
           on
           mount
           Albane
           .
           It
           was
           therefore
           called
           Ouatio
           ,
           because
           the
           victoriate
           souldiers
           returning
           from
           the
           fight
           did
           showte
           ,
           and
           double
           the
           letter
           O.
           An
           Ouation
           did
           much
           differ
           frō
           a
           triumph
           ,
           because
           he
           which
           came
           into
           the
           citie
           by
           way
           of
           Ouation
           ,
           was
           neither
           caried
           in
           chariot
           ,
           nor
           cladde
           with
           robe
           triumphall
           ,
           nor
           with
           any
           ornament
           of
           estate
           ,
           neither
           did
           his
           armie
           march
           before
           him
           when
           he
           was
           entred
           the
           citie
           ,
           neither
           was
           he
           crowned
           with
           laurel
           ,
           nor
           brought
           in
           with
           sound
           of
           trumpets
           ,
           but
           walked
           through
           the
           citie
           on
           foot
           ,
           his
           head
           being
           adorned
           with
           a
           mirtle
           crowne
           ,
           his
           souldiers
           following
           him
           ,
           and
           the
           shawmes
           onely
           sounding
           .
           How
           the
           great
           triumph
           was
           celebrated
           ,
           
           may
           be
           perceiued
           by
           this
           of
           Caesars
           which
           was
           thus
           performed
           .
        
         
           Caius
           Caesar
           sitting
           in
           a
           rich
           and
           sumptuous
           
           chariot
           ,
           bordred
           round
           about
           with
           the
           crownes
           of
           Princes
           ,
           his
           vpper
           garment
           being
           of
           purpled
           tissue
           ,
           and
           bespanged
           with
           lines
           of
           gold
           ,
           his
           victorious
           armie
           marching
           before
           him
           garnished
           with
           the
           spoiles
           of
           Europa
           and
           Affrick
           ,
           his
           captiues
           being
           boūd
           with
           chaines
           ,
           which
           were
           tied
           to
           his
           chariots
           taile
           ,
           did
           represent
           a
           wonderfull
           maiestie
           to
           the
           gazing
           people
           :
           the
           trumpets
           and
           the
           clarions
           did
           sound
           on
           each
           side
           .
           His
           first
           triumph
           displaied
           
           with
           a
           most
           radiant
           standerd
           ,
           the
           spoiles
           and
           conquests
           which
           he
           had
           in
           Fraunce
           :
           the
           images
           of
           Rhodanus
           and
           Rhene
           were
           wrought
           in
           siluer
           ,
           the
           streames
           were
           curiously
           deciphered
           ,
           and
           the
           waues
           did
           seeme
           to
           rise
           with
           a
           naturall
           and
           reall
           flowing
           .
           In
           the
           second
           triumph
           
           stood
           the
           citie
           of
           Alexandria
           ,
           and
           after
           it
           the
           armes
           of
           vanquished
           Ptolome
           were
           blazed
           ,
           the
           riuer
           of
           Nilus
           was
           painted
           with
           a
           faire
           caelestiall
           blew
           :
           the
           azured
           waues
           being
           compacted
           of
           costly
           glasse
           .
           In
           the
           third
           triumph
           
           was
           a
           maske
           of
           Ponticke
           mourners
           ,
           &
           
           the
           coarse
           of
           Pharnaces
           was
           then
           caried
           in
           triumph
           :
           vpō
           the
           top
           of
           the
           coffin
           stood
           a
           triple
           plume
           ,
           on
           the
           one
           part
           of
           which
           was
           written
           VENI
           ,
           on
           the
           other
           VIDI
           ,
           on
           the
           third
           VICI
           .
           In
           the
           fourth
           triumph
           Affrike
           went
           as
           captiue
           ,
           
           and
           the
           person
           of
           Iuba
           king
           of
           Mauritania
           ,
           his
           armes
           pictured
           as
           hauing
           mannacles
           of
           them
           was
           then
           also
           resembled
           .
           For
           his
           victorie
           at
           Pharsalia
           there
           was
           no
           triumph
           ,
           because
           Pōpey
           was
           a
           Romane
           .
           VVhen
           Rome
           with
           smiling
           countenance
           had
           beheld
           these
           shewes
           ,
           Caesar
           accompanied
           with
           the
           Romane
           nobilitie
           entred
           the
           Capitolle
           ,
           and
           there
           with
           spiced
           fires
           and
           fragrant
           odours
           did
           sacrifice
           to
           Iupiter
           .
           After
           his
           thankes
           ,
           vowes
           ,
           and
           prayers
           perfourmed
           ,
           he
           returned
           with
           the
           great
           applause
           and
           admiration
           of
           men
           ,
           and
           amiddest
           other
           solemnities
           ,
           Crispus
           Salustius
           did
           greet
           him
           with
           this
           Oration
           .
        
         
           I
           know
           that
           it
           is
           a
           difficult
           and
           hard
           matter
           
           to
           giue
           counsell
           to
           a
           king
           ,
           or
           Emperour
           ,
           or
           to
           
             any
             man
             that
             is
             highly
             aduaunced
             ,
             because
             they
             haue
             store
             of
             counsellers
             ,
             &
             there
             is
             none
             so
             wise
             and
             warie
             ,
             who
             can
             giue
             certaine
             aduise
             of
             that
             which
             is
             to
             come
             .
             Againe
             ,
             bad
             
             counselles
             are
             manie
             times
             better
             liked
             then
             good
             ,
             because
             fortune
             dallieth
             in
             things
             ,
             and
             fancy
             in
             men
             according
             to
             their
             pleasure
             .
             But
             I
             had
             a
             great
             minde
             in
             my
             youth
             ,
             to
             handle
             matters
             of
             state
             ,
             and
             in
             knowing
             of
             them
             I
             bestowed
             great
             labour
             and
             trauell
             ,
             not
             to
             this
             end
             onely
             ,
             that
             I
             might
             obtaine
             some
             place
             of
             dignitie
             in
             the
             common-weale
             ,
             which
             manie
             by
             euill
             artes
             and
             vnlawfull
             meanes
             haue
             cōpassed
             ,
             but
             that
             I
             might
             also
             fully
             know
             the
             estate
             of
             the
             common-weale
             ,
             as
             well
             in
             peace
             as
             in
             warre
             ,
             and
             how
             much
             by
             munition
             ,
             by
             men
             ,
             and
             by
             monie
             it
             could
             do
             .
             Therefore
             tossing
             many
             things
             in
             my
             mind
             this
             was
             my
             resolution
             ,
             to
             praeferre
             thy
             dignitie
             Caesar
             before
             mine
             owne
             fame
             ,
             and
             modestie
             ,
             and
             to
             put
             anything
             in
             practise
             so
             I
             might
             procure
             glorie
             to
             thee
             .
             And
             this
             I
             did
             not
             rashly
             or
             to
             flatter
             thee
             ,
             but
             because
             in
             thee
             amongst
             the
             rest
             ,
             I
             find
             one
             skill
             very
             maruellous
             ,
             that
             thy
             mind
             hath
             bene
             greater
             in
             aduersitie
             ,
             then
             in
             prosperitie
             .
             But
             with
             others
             it
             is
             a
             matter
             of
             more
             accompt
             and
             reckening
             ,
             that
             men
             be
             sooner
             wearie
             with
             praising
             thy
             valor
             ,
             then
             thy self
             art
             wearied
             with
             doing
             things
             worthie
             
             of
             praise
             .
             Surely
             I
             hold
             it
             for
             a
             rule
             ,
             that
             nothing
             can
             be
             fet
             from
             the
             depth
             of
             inuention
             ,
             which
             is
             not
             readie
             to
             thy
             thought
             .
             And
             if
             this
             purpose
             should
             onely
             raigne
             in
             thy
             brest
             to
             deliuer
             thy selfe
             from
             the
             furie
             of
             enimies
             ,
             and
             how
             thou
             maiest
             retaine
             the
             fauour
             and
             good
             liking
             of
             the
             people
             ,
             thou
             should
             do
             a
             thing
             vnworthie
             of
             thy
             vertue
             .
             But
             if
             that
             mind
             be
             as
             yet
             resident
             in
             thee
             ,
             which
             from
             the
             beginning
             disturbed
             the
             faction
             of
             seditious
             men
             ,
             which
             brought
             the
             Romanes
             from
             the
             heauie
             yoake
             of
             seruitude
             vnto
             libertie
             ,
             which
             without
             weapons
             did
             confound
             the
             armies
             of
             thine
             enemies
             ,
             whereof
             haue
             ensued
             so
             many
             and
             so
             glorious
             actes
             both
             at
             home
             and
             abrode
             ,
             that
             thy
             foes
             cannot
             complaine
             of
             any
             thing
             but
             of
             thine
             excellencie
             ,
             then
             receiue
             from
             me
             such
             things
             ,
             as
             of
             the
             summe
             or
             state
             of
             the
             common-weale
             I
             shall
             deliuer
             :
             which
             doubtlesse
             thou
             shalt
             either
             find
             to
             be
             true
             ,
             or
             else
             certainly
             not
             farre
             from
             the
             truth
             .
             There
             is
             no
             man
             brought
             vp
             in
             a
             free
             estate
             ,
             who
             doth
             willingly
             yeeld
             superioritie
             to
             another
             ,
             and
             though
             the
             mightier
             man
             be
             by
             nature
             of
             a
             good
             and
             mild
             disposition
             ,
             yet
             because
             
             when
             he
             will
             he
             may
             be
             wicked
             and
             iniurious
             ,
             he
             is
             therefore
             feared
             :
             which
             hapneth
             because
             many
             great
             men
             are
             peruersly
             minded
             ,
             and
             thinke
             themselues
             so
             much
             the
             safer
             ,
             by
             how
             much
             more
             they
             do
             permit
             other
             mē
             ouer
             whom
             they
             rule
             ,
             to
             be
             wicked
             &
             vniust
             .
             But
             surely
             a
             contrarie
             course
             should
             be
             taken
             ,
             when
             the
             Prince
             is
             good
             himselfe
             ,
             to
             labour
             and
             indeuour
             likewise
             to
             make
             the
             people
             good
             .
             For
             euery
             bad
             fellow
             doth
             most
             vnwillingly
             beare
             a
             gouernour
             ,
             but
             this
             to
             thee
             Caesar
             is
             of
             greater
             difficultie
             ,
             then
             to
             others
             who
             haue
             ruled
             before
             thee
             :
             thy
             warre
             hath
             bene
             more
             mild
             then
             the
             peace
             of
             other
             mē
             :
             besides
             they
             which
             did
             ouercome
             ,
             do
             demaund
             the
             spoile
             ,
             they
             which
             are
             ouercome
             are
             their
             fellow
             citizens
             .
             Through
             these
             difficulties
             must
             thou
             passe
             .
             And
             strengthen
             the
             common-weale
             for
             succeeding
             posteritie
             ,
             not
             by
             weapons
             ,
             nor
             as
             against
             enemies
             ,
             but
             which
             is
             farre
             greater
             and
             more
             difficult
             ,
             by
             peaceable
             meanes
             .
             Therefore
             to
             this
             point
             the
             state
             of
             things
             doth
             call
             euery
             man
             either
             of
             great
             or
             of
             meane
             wisedome
             ,
             to
             vtter
             as
             much
             good
             as
             he
             can
             concerning
             this
             matter
             .
             
             For
             mine
             owne
             part
             this
             I
             thinke
             ,
             that
             as
             by
             thee
             the
             victorie
             shall
             be
             qualified
             and
             ordered
             ,
             so
             shall
             all
             things
             follow
             .
             Thou
             diddest
             wage
             battell
             noble
             Caesar
             with
             an
             excellent
             man
             ,
             of
             great
             power
             ,
             and
             desirous
             of
             glorie
             ,
             a
             man
             of
             greater
             fortune
             then
             wisedome
             ,
             followed
             by
             some
             few
             ,
             enemies
             both
             to
             thee
             &
             to
             themselues
             ,
             such
             as
             either
             affinitie
             did
             draw
             vnto
             him
             ,
             or
             some
             other
             bond
             of
             dutie
             :
          
           for
           none
           of
           them
           was
           partaker
           of
           his
           dominatiō
           ,
           
           which
           he
           could
           not
           tollerate
           .
           For
           if
           he
           could
           haue
           brooked
           an
           equall
           ,
           the
           world
           had
           not
           
             bene
             set
             on
             fire
             with
             warre
             :
             but
             because
             thou
             art
             desirous
             to
             establish
             peace
             ,
             and
             vpon
             this
             anuill
             thou
             and
             thy
             friends
             do
             continually
             beate
             ,
             consider
             I
             pray
             thee
             of
             what
             nature
             the
             thing
             is
             whereof
             you
             consult
             .
             Certainly
             I
             haue
             this
             conceit
             ,
             that
             because
             all
             things
             which
             haue
             beginning
             must
             haue
             end
             ,
             when
             the
             fate
             and
             determined
             lot
             of
             destruction
             shall
             fall
             vpon
             this
             citie
             ,
             that
             our
             citizens
             will
             contend
             and
             make
             warre
             against
             their
             fellow
             citizens
             ,
             and
             so
             being
             wearied
             and
             consumed
             will
             become
             a
             pray
             to
             some
             forraigne
             king
             or
             nation
             :
             otherwise
             ,
             not
             the
             whole
             world
             ,
             nor
             all
             
             the
             people
             vnder
             the
             arch
             of
             the
             heauens
             being
             mustred
             or
             assembled
             together
             ,
             shall
             be
             able
             to
             shake
             or
             crush
             this
             flourishing
             common-weale
             .
             Therefore
             the
             good
             effects
             of
             concord
             are
             to
             be
             maintained
             ,
             and
             the
             euils
             of
             discord
             to
             be
             banished
             and
             driuen
             away
             :
             that
             may
             easily
             come
             to
             passe
             ,
             if
             thou
             abridge
             the
             licence
             of
             riotous
             spending
             ,
             and
             iniurious
             extorting
             ,
             because
             young
             gentlemen
             in
             these
             times
             are
             inured
             to
             such
             a
             fashion
             ,
             that
             they
             thinke
             it
             a
             glorious
             matter
             vainly
             to
             mispend
             their
             owne
             goods
             and
             the
             goods
             of
             other
             mē
             ,
             denying
             nothing
             to
             their
             owne
             lust
             ,
             nor
             to
             the
             shamelesse
             request
             of
             their
             leud
             companions
             :
             and
             their
             restlesse
             mind
             hauing
             entred
             into
             a
             crooked
             way
             ,
             and
             dissolute
             course
             ,
             whē
             their
             maintenance
             faileth
             them
             ,
             and
             wonted
             supplies
             are
             wanting
             ,
             do
             conceiue
             a
             burning
             indignation
             against
             their
             fellow
             citizens
             ,
             and
             turne
             all
             things
             out
             of
             course
             .
             In
             that
             commōweale
             all
             things
             are
             well
             ordered
             ,
             where
             offices
             and
             dignities
             are
             not
             sold
             ,
             and
             where
             ambition
             enioyeth
             not
             the
             rewards
             of
             vertue
             :
             this
             and
             all
             other
             euils
             shall
             cease
             when
             mony
             shall
             cease
             to
             be
             honoured
             ,
             where
             riches
             are
             
             precious
             ,
             there
             all
             good
             things
             are
             vile
             :
             faith
             ,
             honestie
             ,
             modestie
             ,
             chastitie
             ,
             because
             there
             is
             but
             one
             way
             to
             vertue
             ,
             and
             that
             is
             hard
             and
             rough
             ,
             but
             to
             mony
             there
             be
             many
             smooth
             waies
             :
             it
             is
             gained
             as
             well
             by
             euill
             as
             by
             good
             meanes
             .
             Couetousnesse
             is
             a
             sauage
             and
             deuouring
             beast
             ,
             immane
             ,
             &
             intollerable
             :
             which
             way
             so
             euer
             it
             wendeth
             ,
             it
             wasteth
             ,
             &
             destroyeth
             townes
             ,
             fields
             ,
             temples
             and
             houses
             :
             it
             mingleth
             holy
             and
             humane
             things
             together
             :
             neither
             armes
             nor
             wals
             can
             stop
             the
             course
             of
             it
             .
             It
             spoileth
             and
             bereaueth
             men
             of
             fame
             ,
             children
             ,
             countrie
             and
             parents
             :
             but
             if
             thou
             debase
             the
             high
             accompt
             of
             monie
             ,
             the
             force
             of
             couetousnesse
             by
             good
             manners
             will
             be
             abated
             .
             I
             haue
             by
             reading
             found
             ,
             that
             all
             kingdomes
             ,
             cities
             ,
             and
             nations
             haue
             so
             long
             enioyed
             a
             prosperous
             estate
             ,
             whilst
             true
             aduise
             did
             preuaile
             in
             them
             :
             but
             whensoeuer
             fauour
             ,
             feare
             ,
             or
             pleasure
             was
             the
             sterne
             or
             motiue
             of
             their
             counsels
             ,
             then
             their
             wealth
             was
             first
             diminished
             ,
             next
             their
             dominion
             abridged
             ,
             and
             lastly
             ,
             their
             libertie
             impeached
             .
             VVherefore
             I
             beseech
             and
             exhort
             thee
             renowned
             Caesar
             ,
             that
             thou
             wouldest
             not
             suffer
             such
             a
             goodly
             dominion
             
             as
             this
             to
             be
             tainted
             with
             rust
             ,
             or
             by
             discord
             rented
             in
             peeces
             .
             If
             that
             thing
             happen
             ,
             neither
             night
             nor
             day
             will
             appease
             the
             storms
             of
             thy
             mind
             ,
             but
             by
             dreames
             being
             rowzed
             from
             thy
             bed
             ,
             thou
             shalt
             be
             chased
             and
             pursued
             with
             continuall
             cares
             .
             I
             haue
             dispatched
             in
             few
             such
             things
             as
             I
             accompted
             honorable
             for
             thee
             Caesar
             ,
             and
             necessarie
             for
             this
             common-weale
             .
             The
             most
             part
             of
             men
             to
             iudge
             of
             others
             ,
             haue
             sufficient
             conceit
             ,
             at
             least
             in
             their
             owne
             conceit
             ,
             and
             to
             reprooue
             an
             other
             mans
             deeds
             or
             words
             ,
             euery
             mans
             mind
             doth
             burne
             with
             desire
             .
             They
             thinke
             their
             throat
             is
             not
             wide
             enough
             ,
             nor
             their
             toung
             glib
             enough
             to
             poure
             out
             of
             their
             breasts
             their
             malicious
             exceptions
             ,
             to
             whose
             censure
             that
             I
             am
             subiect
             ,
             doth
             so
             little
             shame
             me
             ,
             that
             it
             would
             haue
             grieued
             me
             to
             haue
             bene
             silent
             :
             for
             ,
             whether
             it
             shall
             please
             thee
             to
             follow
             this
             course
             or
             some
             better
             ,
             I
             shall
             not
             be
             mooued
             :
             sith
             I
             haue
             spoken
             as
             much
             as
             my
             barrennesse
             could
             bring
             foorth
             .
             It
             remaineth
             for
             me
             and
             for
             vs
             all
             to
             wish
             ,
             that
             such
             things
             as
             thou
             shalt
             in
             wisedome
             effect
             ,
             the
             gods
             would
             prosper
             .
          
           Caesar
           afterward
           to
           match
           his
           foure
           triumphs
           ,
           
           was
           made
           the
           fourth
           time
           Consul
           :
           his
           statue
           
           also
           was
           placed
           amongst
           the
           statues
           of
           the
           auncient
           kings
           :
           in
           the
           Senat-house
           there
           was
           a
           throne
           of
           iuorie
           made
           for
           him
           :
           in
           the
           theater
           his
           roome
           was
           such
           ,
           as
           it
           contained
           pleasure
           ,
           pompe
           ,
           and
           cost
           :
           his
           image
           was
           exquisitly
           painted
           in
           the
           Orchester
           ,
           a
           place
           wherein
           the
           Romaine
           gentlemen
           did
           vse
           to
           daunce
           and
           vaut
           :
           the
           moneth
           of
           Iuly
           was
           then
           also
           cōsecrated
           to
           Iulius
           ,
           as
           the
           moneth
           of
           March
           is
           to
           Mars
           .
           Caesar
           did
           not
           rest
           in
           these
           honors
           ,
           but
           thought
           still
           to
           propagate
           his
           fame
           by
           warlike
           exploits
           .
           VVherefore
           hearing
           that
           Pōpeis
           sons
           did
           raise
           great
           tumults
           &
           vprores
           in
           Spaine
           ,
           he
           made
           great
           hast
           thitherward
           ,
           &
           at
           the
           towne
           of
           Siuill
           opposed
           himselfe
           to
           Cn.
           
           Pompeius
           one
           of
           the
           sonnes
           of
           Pompey
           the
           Great
           ,
           who
           was
           constrained
           to
           flye
           ,
           but
           Labienus
           met
           him
           at
           vnawares
           ,
           and
           hauing
           slaine
           him
           ,
           brought
           his
           head
           to
           Caesar
           .
           Sex.
           Pompeius
           his
           brother
           escaped
           by
           flight
           .
        
         
           ⸪
        
      
       
         
         
           ATROPOS
           ,
           Or
           the
           third
           Booke
           .
        
         
           THe
           warre
           in
           Spaine
           being
           quickly
           dispatched
           ,
           Caesar
           returned
           to
           Rome
           :
           and
           the
           Romanes
           did
           redouble
           his
           
           honours
           ,
           for
           he
           was
           presently
           made
           Dictator
           perpetuall
           ,
           Censor
           perpetuall
           ,
           Consull
           for
           ten
           yeares
           ,
           and
           Emperour
           of
           Rome
           :
           he
           was
           called
           also
           the
           father
           of
           his
           countrie
           .
           But
           Caesars
           fortunes
           did
           soone
           after
           begin
           to
           decline
           ,
           and
           these
           diuerse
           coloured
           titles
           were
           but
           as
           reinebowes
           ,
           which
           do
           glitter
           gallantly
           for
           a
           time
           ,
           but
           are
           suddenly
           extinct
           :
           his
           fatall
           houre
           was
           now
           approching
           ,
           and
           enuie
           stayed
           in
           the
           cloudes
           expecting
           his
           end
           .
           But
           as
           a
           mightie
           and
           huge
           oake
           ,
           being
           clad
           with
           the
           exuuials
           and
           trophes
           of
           enemies
           ,
           fenced
           with
           an
           armie
           of
           boughs
           ,
           garnished
           with
           a
           coate
           of
           barke
           as
           hard
           as
           steele
           ,
           despiseth
           the
           force
           and
           power
           of
           the
           windes
           ,
           
           as
           being
           onely
           able
           to
           dallie
           with
           the
           leaues
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           weaken
           the
           roote
           ;
           but
           the
           Northerne
           wind
           that
           strong
           champion
           of
           the
           airie
           region
           ,
           secretly
           lurking
           in
           the
           vault
           of
           some
           hollow
           cloud
           ,
           doth
           first
           murmur
           at
           this
           aspiring
           oake
           ,
           and
           then
           doth
           strike
           his
           crest
           with
           some
           greater
           strength
           ,
           and
           lastly
           with
           the
           deepest
           breath
           of
           his
           lungs
           doth
           blow
           vp
           the
           roote
           .
           So
           vndoubtedly
           was
           it
           with
           Caesar
           ,
           who
           disdained
           feare
           ,
           and
           thought
           it
           a
           great
           deale
           better
           to
           die
           then
           to
           thinke
           on
           misfortune
           :
           but
           destinie
           is
           no
           mans
           drudge
           ,
           and
           death
           is
           euery
           mans
           conqueror
           ,
           matching
           the
           scepter
           with
           the
           spade
           ,
           and
           the
           crowned
           king
           with
           the
           praislesse
           peasant
           .
           As
           none
           was
           more
           noble
           then
           Caesar
           ,
           so
           nothing
           was
           more
           notable
           ,
           then
           the
           death
           of
           Caesar
           :
           for
           his
           dearest
           friēds
           became
           his
           greatest
           enemies
           ,
           and
           their
           hands
           plucked
           him
           downe
           ,
           whose
           shoulders
           did
           lift
           him
           vp
           .
           Many
           causes
           were
           pretended
           of
           the
           
           conspiracie
           bent
           against
           him
           ,
           the
           honours
           which
           were
           bestowed
           vpon
           him
           ,
           being
           both
           manie
           and
           great
           ,
           did
           cause
           him
           to
           be
           enuied
           of
           the
           Nobles
           :
           and
           likewise
           it
           was
           a
           matter
           of
           cauill
           ,
           because
           sitting
           before
           temple
           of
           Venus
           
           genitrix
           the
           Senate
           comming
           to
           him
           to
           consult
           with
           him
           of
           great
           affaires
           ,
           he
           did
           sit
           and
           welcome
           them
           ,
           and
           did
           not
           rise
           vnto
           them
           :
           another
           occasion
           of
           quarell
           was
           ,
           because
           M.
           Antonius
           would
           haue
           set
           a
           Diademe
           vpon
           his
           head
           :
           the
           fourth
           cause
           was
           ,
           because
           he
           depriued
           Epidius
           ,
           Metellus
           ,
           and
           Cesetius
           Flauius
           of
           the
           Tribuneship
           :
           fiftly
           it
           was
           greatly
           murmured
           ,
           because
           it
           was
           constantly
           reported
           ,
           that
           L.
           Cotta
           Quindecemuir
           that
           is
           a
           cōtemplatiue
           reader
           of
           Sybillaes
           prophecies
           ,
           would
           pronounce
           sentence
           ,
           that
           because
           it
           was
           contained
           in
           the
           prophecies
           of
           Sybilla
           ,
           that
           the
           Parthians
           could
           not
           be
           ouercome
           but
           by
           a
           king
           ,
           therefore
           Caesar
           should
           be
           highted
           the
           king
           of
           Rome
           .
           For
           these
           causes
           a
           conspiracie
           being
           raised
           against
           him
           ,
           in
           which
           the
           chiefe
           agents
           of
           the
           Pompeians
           ,
           were
           M.
           Brutus
           and
           C.
           Cassius
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Caesarians
           D.
           Brutus
           and
           C.
           Trebonius
           ,
           in
           the
           Ides
           of
           March
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           
           Senate-house
           ,
           which
           was
           called
           Pompeyes
           court
           ,
           he
           was
           pierced
           with
           three
           and
           twentie
           wounds
           ,
           which
           because
           they
           were
           many
           ,
           and
           most
           of
           them
           were
           in
           the
           belly
           ,
           and
           about
           the
           midrife
           ,
           Caesar
           as
           ashamed
           of
           such
           wounds
           ,
           
           did
           let
           downe
           his
           robe
           from
           his
           shoulders
           to
           couer
           them
           ,
           and
           fell
           as
           a
           sacrifice
           vnder
           the
           statue
           of
           Cn.
           Pompeius
           Magnus
           .
           M.
           Antonius
           
           and
           other
           friends
           of
           Caesar
           ,
           were
           spared
           by
           the
           aduise
           of
           M.
           Brutus
           ,
           lest
           they
           might
           seeme
           rather
           to
           be
           authors
           of
           a
           faction
           ,
           then
           of
           Caesars
           death
           .
           After
           this
           bloudie
           exploit
           ,
           they
           by
           whō
           he
           was
           slaine
           ,
           held
           the
           Capitolle
           .
           I
           cannot
           giue
           Brutus
           praise
           for
           this
           ,
           but
           I
           rather
           thinke
           that
           he
           deserueth
           dispraise
           :
           for
           had
           the
           cause
           of
           quailing
           him
           bene
           iust
           ,
           yet
           the
           course
           &
           maner
           of
           killing
           him
           ,
           doth
           apparantly
           seeme
           vnlawfull
           :
           for
           by
           that
           act
           the
           law
           Portia
           was
           broken
           ,
           
           by
           which
           it
           was
           prouided
           ,
           that
           it
           should
           not
           be
           lawfull
           for
           anie
           to
           put
           to
           death
           anie
           citizen
           of
           Rome
           indicta
           causa
           .
           The
           law
           Cornelia
           
           de
           maiestate
           was
           also
           violated
           ,
           by
           which
           it
           was
           made
           high
           treason
           ,
           for
           any
           man
           to
           take
           anie
           aduise
           ,
           or
           make
           anie
           conspiracie
           ,
           whereby
           a
           Romane
           Magistrate
           ,
           or
           he
           which
           had
           a
           soueraigne
           power
           ,
           without
           iudiciall
           proces
           might
           suffer
           death
           .
           And
           that
           ancient
           law
           was
           also
           despised
           ,
           by
           which
           it
           was
           forbidden
           ,
           that
           no
           Senator
           should
           enter
           into
           the
           Senate-house
           armed
           with
           any
           warlike
           weapō
           ,
           or
           hauing
           about
           
           him
           anie
           edged
           toole
           .
           Surely
           they
           that
           will
           end
           tumult
           with
           tumult
           ,
           can
           neuer
           be
           seized
           of
           good
           successe
           or
           fortunate
           euēt
           :
           for
           discord
           may
           breed
           ,
           continue
           &
           augment
           contention
           ,
           but
           it
           can
           neuer
           end
           it
           :
           and
           to
           expect
           that
           all
           differences
           should
           be
           calmely
           compounded
           by
           generall
           accord
           ,
           is
           a
           thing
           not
           much
           to
           be
           hoped
           for
           ,
           because
           it
           seldome
           happeneth
           .
           M.
           Brutus
           ,
           the
           chiefe
           actor
           in
           Caesars
           tragedie
           ,
           was
           in
           counsel
           deepe
           ,
           in
           wit
           profound
           ,
           in
           plot
           politicke
           ,
           and
           one
           that
           hated
           the
           principality
           whereof
           he
           deuested
           Caesar
           .
           But
           did
           Brutus
           looke
           for
           peace
           by
           bloudshed
           ?
           did
           he
           thinke
           to
           auoyd
           tyrannie
           by
           tumult
           ?
           was
           there
           no
           way
           to
           wound
           Caesar
           ,
           but
           by
           stabbing
           his
           own
           conscience
           ?
           &
           no
           way
           to
           make
           Caesar
           odious
           ,
           but
           by
           incurring
           the
           same
           obloquie
           ?
           VVill
           anie
           man
           speake
           vnto
           me
           of
           the
           wisedome
           of
           Brutus
           ,
           when
           he
           thinketh
           vpō
           the
           field
           of
           Philippi
           ,
           wherein
           Brutus
           was
           like
           to
           the
           Comet
           ,
           who
           feeding
           vpon
           vapours
           &
           vaine
           opinions
           ,
           at
           length
           consumed
           and
           confounded
           himself
           :
           and
           thus
           were
           the
           two
           Bruti
           ,
           I
           meane
           the
           first
           and
           the
           last
           ,
           famous
           men
           of
           that
           honourable
           name
           ,
           both
           fatall
           to
           the
           estate
           of
           the
           Romane
           
           Common-weale
           :
           for
           the
           former
           of
           them
           did
           expell
           the
           last
           king
           of
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           and
           the
           later
           did
           murder
           their
           first
           Emperour
           .
           But
           if
           Caesars
           death
           had
           bene
           attended
           ,
           till
           naturall
           dissolution
           ,
           or
           iust
           proceeding
           had
           caused
           it
           ,
           his
           nephews
           entrie
           into
           the
           monarchie
           might
           well
           haue
           bene
           barred
           and
           intercepted
           :
           because
           these
           honors
           were
           annexed
           and
           appropriated
           to
           Caesars
           person
           .
           And
           if
           patience
           might
           haue
           managed
           their
           wisdomes
           ,
           though
           there
           had
           bene
           a
           Caesar
           ,
           yet
           should
           there
           neuer
           haue
           bene
           an
           Augustus
           .
           But
           by
           bloudshed
           to
           seeke
           for
           peace
           ,
           is
           by
           oyle
           to
           quench
           fire
           .
           VVhen
           any
           innouation
           or
           alteration
           is
           to
           be
           hatched
           ,
           the
           state
           of
           things
           must
           be
           quiet
           and
           secure
           ,
           that
           the
           wheele
           may
           be
           easily
           turned
           about
           ,
           without
           hearing
           any
           noise
           .
           For
           to
           commit
           the
           murder
           of
           a
           soueraigne
           Magistrate
           ,
           &
           to
           defend
           thy selfe
           by
           armes
           ,
           is
           as
           if
           a
           man
           should
           couer
           himselfe
           by
           water
           from
           a
           showre
           of
           raine
           ,
           or
           should
           descend
           into
           some
           hollow
           of
           the
           earth
           for
           auoiding
           of
           infectious
           aire
           :
           &
           if
           the
           most
           barbarous
           and
           immaine
           tyrant
           ,
           should
           trecherously
           ,
           that
           is
           without
           warrant
           of
           iustice
           be
           slaughtered
           ,
           though
           at
           his
           death
           he
           
           were
           vtterly
           destitute
           of
           friends
           ,
           yet
           his
           enemies
           should
           be
           sure
           to
           finde
           enemies
           :
           for
           no
           cōmon-weale
           can
           be
           without
           men
           of
           aspiring
           humours
           ,
           and
           when
           such
           a
           murder
           is
           wrought
           they
           find
           present
           occasiō
           to
           tumultuate
           ,
           knowing
           that
           Anarchie
           breedeth
           confusion
           ,
           &
           that
           it
           is
           best
           fishing
           in
           a
           troubled
           streame
           :
           making
           a
           glorious
           praetence
           to
           reuenge
           the
           death
           of
           a
           Prince
           ,
           though
           in
           heart
           &
           in
           truth
           ,
           they
           beare
           greater
           affectiō
           to
           the
           monarchie
           remaining
           ,
           then
           to
           the
           Monarke
           who
           is
           taken
           away
           :
           neither
           in
           regard
           of
           supreme
           power
           and
           praeheminence
           ,
           will
           I
           put
           diuersitie
           betweene
           the
           person
           of
           a
           king
           and
           a
           tyrant
           ;
           for
           he
           which
           attaineth
           to
           an
           imperiall
           or
           regall
           soueraigntie
           ,
           by
           warlike
           industrie
           and
           victorious
           exploit
           ,
           is
           no
           lesse
           a
           Monarke
           ,
           then
           he
           which
           cometh
           to
           it
           by
           election
           ,
           succession
           or
           descent
           :
           &
           he
           that
           is
           made
           subiect
           by
           sword
           ,
           is
           as
           much
           subiect
           as
           he
           that
           by
           birth
           is
           a
           denison
           .
           But
           was
           Iulius
           Caesar
           a
           tyrant
           ?
           Surely
           there
           was
           more
           tyrannie
           in
           the
           slaughter
           then
           in
           the
           man
           slaine
           :
           Caesar
           I
           graunt
           was
           a
           traitour
           to
           the
           State
           before
           the
           victorie
           ,
           but
           after
           he
           exchanged
           that
           base
           name
           ,
           with
           the
           best
           title
           of
           dignitie
           ,
           and
           of
           a
           
           traitour
           became
           an
           Emperour
           :
           yet
           did
           he
           not
           aggrauate
           to
           himselfe
           that
           type
           of
           honor
           ,
           the
           people
           offred
           it
           vnto
           him
           ,
           he
           accepted
           it
           with
           thankes
           :
           manie
           had
           offended
           him
           ,
           he
           pardoned
           them
           ,
           yea
           rewarded
           them
           with
           great
           boūtie
           .
           He
           was
           content
           to
           haue
           a
           fellow
           Consull
           ,
           he
           suspected
           none
           of
           them
           which
           were
           the
           workmen
           of
           his
           death
           ,
           he
           did
           neither
           depresse
           the
           Noble
           man
           by
           slaūder
           ,
           nor
           aduance
           them
           of
           obscure
           condition
           by
           flatterie
           and
           bribes
           :
           &
           which
           is
           incōpatible
           to
           tyrannie
           ,
           he
           shewed
           self-will
           in
           nothing
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           inuested
           with
           supremacie
           ;
           but
           questionlesse
           the
           Romanes
           should
           not
           haue
           nourished
           this
           lyon
           in
           their
           Citie
           ,
           or
           being
           nourished
           ,
           they
           should
           not
           haue
           disgraced
           him
           .
           The
           goared
           body
           of
           Caesar
           
           was
           honourably
           transported
           to
           Campus
           Martius
           .
           Afterward
           M.
           Cicero
           because
           he
           was
           desirous
           to
           restore
           peace
           ,
           and
           to
           reconcile
           the
           states
           ,
           procured
           a
           decree
           to
           be
           made
           after
           the
           example
           of
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           which
           they
           called
           their
           Amnestia
           ,
           that
           the
           killing
           of
           Caesar
           shold
           be
           forgotten
           &
           forgiuen
           ,
           and
           this
           was
           ratified
           by
           Senate
           .
           But
           the
           conspirors
           would
           not
           in
           anie
           wise
           lay
           aside
           their
           armour
           ,
           vnlesse
           they
           
           might
           haue
           certaine
           assurance
           and
           securitie
           that
           their
           persons
           ,
           lands
           ,
           and
           goods
           should
           be
           safe
           and
           vntouched
           .
           VVherefore
           for
           pledges
           they
           had
           the
           sonnes
           of
           M.
           Antonius
           ,
           &
           M.
           Lepidus
           ,
           and
           then
           they
           descended
           out
           of
           the
           Capitolle
           .
           C.
           Octauius
           hearing
           of
           the
           great
           change
           that
           had
           happened
           in
           Rome
           ,
           came
           as
           some
           say
           from
           Epirus
           ,
           as
           others
           from
           Apollonia
           ,
           to
           whom
           I
           rather
           agree
           :
           but
           he
           was
           welcome
           to
           all
           sides
           and
           sectes
           .
           And
           by
           the
           testament
           of
           his
           vncle
           ,
           who
           had
           adopted
           him
           to
           be
           his
           heire
           ,
           he
           tooke
           the
           name
           of
           Iulius
           Caesar
           .
           M.
           Lepidus
           was
           at
           that
           time
           made
           Pontifexmaximus
           in
           Caesars
           place
           .
           The
           Senate
           did
           assigne
           the
           prouince
           of
           Syria
           to
           Dolabella
           ,
           and
           Macedonia
           to
           Antonius
           :
           but
           afterward
           when
           M.
           Antonius
           did
           shew
           himself
           too
           imperious
           ,
           and
           would
           haue
           resigned
           his
           charge
           in
           Macedonia
           ,
           and
           haue
           bene
           Praesident
           of
           France
           ,
           he
           suffered
           a
           repulse
           of
           the
           Senate
           ,
           wherupon
           he
           
           appealed
           to
           the
           people
           ,
           which
           did
           greatly
           incense
           the
           Senate
           against
           him
           ,
           and
           Octauius
           was
           also
           grieuously
           displeased
           with
           him
           ,
           because
           
           crauing
           his
           assistāce
           against
           the
           enemies
           of
           his
           vncle
           ,
           he
           was
           in
           grosse
           &
           odious
           termes
           
           abused
           of
           Antonius
           :
           Octauius
           therefore
           by
           the
           assent
           of
           the
           Senate
           ,
           being
           accompanied
           with
           his
           vncles
           veteranes
           ,
           prepared
           warre
           against
           him
           .
           D.
           Brutus
           to
           whom
           the
           prouince
           of
           France
           was
           committed
           by
           Caesar
           ,
           and
           after
           his
           death
           confirmed
           to
           him
           by
           the
           Senate
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           resist
           Antonius
           ,
           who
           was
           then
           making
           toward
           Fraunce
           ,
           came
           with
           an
           armie
           to
           Mutina
           ,
           and
           there
           suffered
           himselfe
           to
           be
           besieged
           .
           
           The
           Senat
           did
           afterward
           send
           messengers
           to
           Antonius
           ,
           to
           treate
           with
           him
           of
           peace
           ,
           which
           were
           L.
           Piso
           ,
           L.
           Philippus
           ,
           and
           Seruius
           Sulpitius
           .
           But
           when
           they
           returned
           without
           cōcluding
           any
           thing
           ,
           warre
           was
           proclaimed
           ,
           and
           Hirtius
           being
           Consul
           went
           against
           him
           ,
           Octauius
           as
           Propraetor
           ,
           Pansa
           the
           other
           Consul
           folowed
           them
           within
           a
           few
           dayes
           after
           .
           Caesar
           and
           Hirtius
           hauing
           brought
           Bononia
           into
           their
           power
           ,
           did
           pitch
           their
           tents
           neare
           to
           Antonius
           ,
           who
           leauing
           a
           sufficient
           armie
           to
           beate
           them
           from
           the
           wals
           of
           the
           towne
           wherein
           his
           forces
           were
           ,
           did
           priuily
           and
           closely
           go
           from
           thence
           to
           meete
           with
           Pansa
           ,
           as
           he
           was
           coming
           to
           Bononia
           ,
           with
           whom
           he
           entred
           battell
           ,
           and
           
           had
           a
           prosperous
           victorie
           ,
           but
           as
           he
           was
           retur
           
           
           will
           not
           do
           it
           .
           The
           Pompeians
           were
           in
           truth
           wedded
           to
           too
           much
           partialitie
           ,
           for
           why
           had
           Brutus
           the
           glorie
           of
           triumph
           ,
           vnlesse
           it
           were
           because
           his
           life
           was
           saued
           by
           other
           mens
           valour
           ?
           And
           why
           were
           the
           bodies
           of
           Pansa
           and
           Hirtius
           solemnely
           and
           honorably
           enterred
           ,
           and
           Caesar
           who
           was
           liuing
           ,
           &
           partaker
           of
           the
           victorie
           nothing
           regarded
           ?
           Nay
           they
           did
           apparantly
           despise
           him
           .
           For
           ,
           sending
           messengers
           they
           enioined
           them
           to
           parle
           with
           his
           soldiers
           and
           leaue
           Octauius
           vnspoken
           to
           :
           but
           they
           did
           with
           great
           choler
           answer
           ,
           that
           they
           would
           not
           heare
           anie
           thing
           vnlesse
           their
           Generall
           were
           present
           .
           This
           peruerse
           and
           preposterous
           dealing
           made
           Octauius
           to
           enter
           the
           City
           in
           warlike
           maner
           ,
           and
           as
           an
           enemy
           vnto
           them
           ,
           and
           there
           he
           made
           himselfe
           Consul
           ,
           &
           Q.
           Pedius
           his
           colleague
           .
           M.
           Cicero
           did
           then
           
           in
           publike
           assemblies
           greatly
           commend
           and
           extoll
           Octauius
           ,
           but
           he
           spake
           one
           thing
           and
           meant
           another
           :
           for
           if
           dangers
           had
           bene
           once
           past
           ,
           Ciceroes
           tongue
           would
           haue
           turned
           another
           way
           .
           VVise
           and
           circumspect
           he
           was
           to
           preuent
           a
           mischiefe
           ,
           but
           timerous
           &
           fearefull
           to
           withstand
           it
           when
           it
           was
           befallen
           .
           Afterward
           
           affinitie
           was
           contracted
           betwixt
           Antonius
           and
           Caesar
           ,
           for
           Caesar
           tooke
           to
           wife
           Clodia
           
           the
           step-daughter
           of
           Antonius
           .
           He
           was
           Consul
           before
           he
           was
           of
           the
           age
           of
           twentie
           yeares
           ,
           and
           in
           that
           Consulship
           held
           nothing
           in
           so
           curious
           charge
           ,
           as
           to
           take
           reuenge
           vpon
           the
           enemies
           of
           his
           adoptiue
           father
           :
           wherfore
           he
           requested
           Q.
           Pedius
           his
           colleague
           to
           enquire
           of
           them
           by
           whose
           conspiracie
           he
           was
           slaine
           ,
           and
           thereupon
           M.
           Brutus
           ,
           C.
           Cassius
           &
           D.
           Brutus
           being
           absent
           were
           condemned
           .
           D.
           Brutus
           to
           whom
           the
           Senate
           had
           committed
           the
           dealing
           with
           Antonius
           ,
           being
           forsaken
           of
           
           his
           armie
           fled
           to
           Aquileia
           &
           was
           there
           slaine
           .
           But
           the
           estate
           of
           the
           Common-weale
           at
           that
           time
           shall
           appeare
           by
           an
           Epistle
           of
           M.
           Brutus
           written
           to
           C.
           Cassius
           ,
           which
           I
           haue
           here
           set
           downe
           :
           whereby
           a
           man
           may
           learne
           how
           to
           moderate
           and
           demeane
           him self
           in
           common
           calamities
           ,
           whē
           iustice
           is
           turned
           out
           of
           course
           and
           the
           lawes
           are
           silent
           .
           It
           was
           to
           this
           effect
           .
           
             M.
             Brutus
             to
             C.
             Cassius
             sendeth
             commendations
             ;
             according
             to
             couenant
             &
             promise
             my
             Cassius
             ,
             I
             write
             vnto
             thee
             such
             news
             as
             I
             haue
             receiued
             from
             Rome
             .
             Octauius
             as
             I
             heare
             ,
             
             hath
             maried
             himselfe
             to
             the
             daughter
             of
             Fuluia
             the
             wife
             of
             Antonius
             ,
             for
             which
             mariage
             ,
             I
             am
             neither
             verie
             glad
             ,
             nor
             greatly
             sorie
             :
             manie
             vse
             such
             mariages
             as
             pledges
             of
             reconciliation
             ,
             and
             thinke
             them
             of
             sufficient
             force
             to
             change
             hatred
             into
             loue
             ,
             but
             are
             greatly
             deceiued
             .
             For
             it
             is
             one
             thing
             to
             make
             alliance
             ,
             and
             another
             to
             make
             amity
             ,
             sith
             they
             proceed
             from
             seuerall
             causes
             ,
             and
             hauing
             a
             different
             course
             ,
             must
             needes
             produce
             diuerse
             effects
             ,
             for
             alliāce
             groweth
             ,
             by
             bringing
             one
             kindred
             to
             the
             marches
             of
             another
             ;
             but
             friendship
             either
             by
             long
             conuersing
             together
             ,
             or
             by
             a
             grounded
             opinion
             of
             good
             desert
             ,
             or
             by
             likenesse
             of
             qualities
             where
             there
             is
             no
             inequality
             of
             estate
             :
             and
             he
             that
             seeketh
             friendship
             out
             of
             these
             praecincts
             ,
             will
             neuer
             find
             it
             .
             Therfore
             by
             such
             mariage
             emnitie
             will
             not
             fully
             cease
             ,
             nor
             friendship
             firmely
             be
             setteled
             :
             for
             it
             is
             rather
             a
             meane
             betwixt
             these
             two
             extremes
             ,
             then
             either
             a
             mother
             to
             the
             one
             ,
             or
             a
             stepdame
             to
             the
             other
             .
             I
             receiued
             letters
             lately
             
             from
             M.
             Antonius
             ,
             directed
             to
             vs
             (
             whereof
             I
             haue
             sent
             you
             here
             inclosed
             a
             copie
             )
             verie
             contumelious
             ,
             minatorie
             ,
             and
             not
             worthie
             to
             
             be
             sent
             from
             him
             ,
             to
             vs
             :
             but
             his
             threatnings
             I
             do
             not
             much
             regard
             .
             For
             amongst
             free
             men
             the
             authoritie
             of
             him
             that
             threatneth
             ,
             is
             no
             more
             ,
             then
             the
             law
             wil
             permit
             :
             for
             mine
             owne
             part
             I
             could
             wish
             that
             he
             were
             great
             in
             the
             Common-weale
             ,
             so
             he
             were
             honest
             .
             I
             will
             not
             prouoke
             him
             to
             emnitie
             ,
             but
             will
             alway
             praeferre
             the
             libertie
             of
             my
             countrey
             ,
             before
             his
             friendship
             :
             he
             obiecteth
             to
             vs
             often
             the
             death
             of
             Caesar
             ,
             but
             he
             should
             consider
             how
             small
             a
             time
             Caesar
             raigned
             ,
             not
             how
             litle
             while
             he
             liued
             .
             And
             Octauius
             forsooth
             digesting
             at
             length
             ,
             the
             hollow
             conditions
             of
             his
             father
             in
             law
             ,
             seemeth
             greatly
             to
             stomake
             that
             we
             bost
             so
             much
             of
             the
             Ides
             of
             March
             ,
             when
             notwithstanding
             only
             one
             man
             was
             slaine
             :
             yet
             not
             so
             much
             as
             he
             vanteth
             of
             the
             Nones
             of
             December
             ,
             at
             which
             time
             he
             slaughtered
             more
             then
             one
             .
             Cicero
             once
             thought
             that
             the
             Commōweale
             as
             a
             naked
             orphane
             should
             be
             protected
             by
             armes
             ,
             but
             now
             he
             praeferreth
             an
             vniust
             peace
             before
             a
             iust
             warre
             :
             wherein
             he
             sheweth
             how
             vniust
             he
             is
             :
             he
             is
             fortunes
             page
             ,
             and
             fauoureth
             them
             most
             who
             haue
             most
             fauourors
             .
             A
             wise
             man
             ,
             though
             by
             oportunitie
             
             he
             do
             alter
             his
             pace
             ,
             yet
             still
             keepeth
             his
             way
             ,
             serueth
             time
             for
             aduantage
             not
             for
             feare
             ,
             and
             as
             the
             sunne
             setteth
             to
             rise
             againe
             ,
             so
             he
             changeth
             his
             course
             to
             continue
             his
             purpose
             :
             but
             to
             an
             vnconstant
             man
             euerie
             accident
             is
             a
             cōstellation
             ,
             by
             which
             he
             is
             diuersified
             and
             driuen
             from
             the
             center
             of
             his
             thoughts
             .
             Though
             Octauius
             call
             Cicero
             father
             ,
             vse
             him
             kindly
             ,
             praise
             him
             ,
             thanke
             him
             ,
             yet
             it
             wil
             appeare
             that
             his
             words
             are
             contrarie
             to
             his
             meaning
             :
             for
             what
             is
             more
             auerse
             from
             common
             sense
             ,
             thē
             to
             call
             him
             father
             whom
             he
             will
             not
             fuffer
             to
             be
             free
             ?
             By
             these
             lineamēts
             I
             haue
             shadowed
             vnto
             thee
             my
             Cassius
             the
             ficklenesse
             and
             lubricitie
             of
             Ciceroes
             variable
             mind
             ,
             which
             as
             it
             is
             not
             certaine
             to
             himselfe
             ,
             so
             it
             is
             not
             safe
             to
             vs
             :
             let
             him
             liue
             as
             he
             doth
             adulatoriously
             and
             abiectly
             :
             to
             me
             which
             am
             opposed
             to
             the
             thing
             it selfe
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             to
             a
             kingly
             regiment
             ,
             extraordinarie
             rule
             ,
             domination
             and
             superioritie
             which
             would
             extol
             it self
             aboue
             the
             lawes
             ,
             no
             subiection
             can
             be
             such
             as
             that
             I
             may
             brook
             it
             .
             There
             can
             be
             no
             valiāt
             nor
             free
             mind
             without
             constancie
             ,
             neither
             can
             any
             thing
             be
             glorious
             without
             the
             iudgement
             of
             reason
             .
             In
             the
             
             businesse
             of
             the
             common-weale
             I
             would
             haue
             nothing
             done
             ,
             without
             the
             constitution
             and
             decree
             of
             the
             Senate
             and
             people
             ,
             neither
             will
             I
             arrogantly
             praeiudicate
             ,
             or
             boldly
             retractate
             that
             which
             they
             shall
             hereafter
             do
             ,
             or
             heretofore
             haue
             done
             ,
             but
             I
             accompt
             it
             more
             consonant
             to
             the
             good
             estate
             of
             the
             cōmon-weale
             ,
             rather
             with
             pitie
             to
             mollifie
             the
             miserable
             estate
             of
             distressed
             persons
             ,
             then
             by
             graunting
             euerie
             thing
             to
             the
             desire
             of
             the
             mightie
             ,
             to
             inflame
             their
             lust
             and
             insolencie
             .
             Surely
             the
             Senatours
             are
             many
             times
             deceiued
             in
             their
             hope
             ,
             and
             if
             a
             man
             haue
             done
             one
             thing
             wel
             ,
             they
             presently
             yeeld
             and
             permit
             all
             things
             vnto
             him
             ,
             as
             though
             a
             minde
             corrupted
             by
             their
             largesse
             ,
             and
             liberall
             offers
             ,
             might
             not
             be
             traduced
             and
             caried
             away
             to
             euill
             purposes
             and
             attempts
             :
             but
             they
             may
             not
             bestow
             any
             thing
             which
             to
             men
             euill
             disposed
             may
             be
             either
             a
             praesident
             or
             a
             protection
             ,
             and
             I
             am
             afraid
             that
             Octauius
             by
             his
             late
             Consulship
             ,
             do
             thinke
             him selfe
             to
             haue
             ascended
             higher
             ,
             then
             that
             he
             will
             descend
             :
             for
             if
             Antonius
             by
             the
             death
             of
             Iulius
             Caesar
             tooke
             praesent
             occasion
             of
             tyrannising
             ,
             how
             much
             more
             
             will
             Octauius
             vsurpe
             ,
             when
             both
             Senate
             and
             people
             do
             applaud
             to
             his
             affection
             .
             Neither
             will
             I
             commend
             the
             facilitie
             and
             prouidence
             of
             the
             Senate
             in
             this
             behalfe
             ,
             before
             I
             haueful
             experience
             ,
             that
             Octauius
             will
             content
             himselfe
             ,
             with
             the
             ordinarie
             honors
             that
             he
             hath
             receiued
             :
             but
             if
             it
             otherwise
             happen
             ,
             I
             must
             needes
             pronounce
             the
             Senate
             guiltie
             of
             the
             fault
             ,
             which
             they
             might
             well
             haue
             praeuented
             .
             Yet
             if
             this
             yong
             man
             do
             lay
             aside
             sinister
             and
             affectious
             humours
             ,
             and
             imbarke
             himselfe
             into
             the
             cōmon
             cause
             with
             impartiall
             thoughts
             ,
             I
             shall
             then
             thinke
             that
             the
             Common-weale
             will
             be
             able
             to
             support
             it selfe
             ,
             by
             her
             owne
             strength
             and
             sinewes
             ,
             that
             is
             iustice
             and
             integritie
             ;
             and
             that
             thenceforth
             ,
             no
             offence
             ,
             shall
             either
             be
             cruelly
             reuenged
             ,
             or
             dissolutely
             remitted
             .
             Of
             our
             future
             affaires
             this
             is
             my
             determinate
             resolution
             ,
             so
             it
             may
             obtaine
             thy
             approbation
             ;
             if
             things
             happen
             to
             be
             in
             better
             plight
             we
             will
             returne
             to
             Rome
             ,
             if
             the
             estate
             be
             as
             now
             it
             is
             ,
             we
             will
             liue
             as
             now
             we
             do
             ,
             in
             voluntarie
             exile
             :
             if
             it
             decline
             frō
             bad
             to
             worse
             ,
             we
             must
             flie
             to
             armes
             as
             our
             last
             and
             worst
             refuge
             ,
             wherefore
             Cassius
             do
             not
             faint
             ,
             nor
             
             dispaire
             ,
             let
             the
             hope
             of
             good
             things
             encourage
             thee
             ,
             vertue
             onely
             is
             confident
             .
             From
             Smyrna
             17.
             
             Kalend.
             April
             .
          
        
         
           Caesar
           when
           by
           no
           meane
           he
           could
           be
           reuenged
           of
           Brutus
           ,
           who
           was
           Praesident
           of
           Macedonia
           ,
           and
           Cassius
           who
           had
           the
           regiment
           of
           Syria
           ;
           he
           sent
           for
           M.
           Antonius
           and
           M.
           Lepidus
           who
           were
           then
           in
           France
           ,
           and
           they
           three
           meeting
           at
           Bononia
           ,
           had
           conference
           of
           ordering
           and
           disposing
           the
           common
           affaires
           ,
           and
           there
           they
           agreed
           to
           be
           Treuiri
           ,
           for
           the
           constitution
           of
           the
           common-weale
           for
           fiue
           years
           space
           .
           To
           the
           charge
           of
           Lepidus
           Spaine
           and
           Gallia
           Narbonensis
           were
           alotted
           ,
           to
           M.
           Antonius
           the
           other
           parts
           of
           Fraunce
           ,
           to
           Caesar
           Libia
           ,
           Sicilia
           ,
           and
           Sardinia
           .
           After
           these
           consultations
           they
           came
           to
           Rome
           ,
           and
           assigned
           offices
           to
           whom
           it
           pleased
           them
           ,
           asking
           no
           leaue
           either
           of
           people
           or
           Senate
           .
           At
           that
           time
           many
           excellent
           Lords
           and
           Gentlemen
           were
           proscribed
           ,
           together
           with
           an
           hundred
           and
           thirtie
           Senators
           ,
           among
           whom
           was
           L.
           Paulus
           the
           brother
           of
           M.
           Lepidus
           ,
           L.
           Caesar
           the
           vncle
           of
           Antonius
           ,
           and
           he
           who
           did
           so
           much
           praise
           
           Octauius
           M.
           Cicero
           .
           But
           that
           was
           done
           by
           
           the
           venimous
           rancor
           of
           Antonius
           ,
           by
           whose
           meanes
           he
           was
           beheaded
           ,
           and
           the
           head
           was
           
           serued
           in
           mease
           vnto
           him
           ,
           which
           when
           Fuluia
           the
           impudent
           wife
           of
           Antonius
           had
           espied
           ,
           plucking
           and
           renting
           from
           the
           chaps
           his
           golden
           tongue
           ,
           she
           distained
           it
           with
           the
           spittle
           &
           fome
           of
           her
           mouth
           ,
           she
           pricked
           it
           with
           needles
           ,
           launced
           it
           with
           her
           nailes
           ,
           brayed
           it
           with
           her
           fist
           ,
           racked
           it
           with
           her
           armes
           ,
           and
           stamped
           it
           with
           her
           feete
           .
           Foolish
           and
           senslesse
           anger
           ,
           to
           inflict
           reuenge
           vpon
           a
           thing
           that
           was
           senslesse
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           misliking
           of
           the
           man
           ,
           to
           hate
           the
           dead
           part
           of
           his
           body
           .
           But
           thou
           didst
           nothing
           Antonius
           (
           for
           the
           indignation
           of
           posteritie
           will
           rise
           against
           thee
           )
           thou
           didst
           nothing
           by
           taking
           away
           the
           publike
           voice
           of
           the
           City
           and
           that
           all-pleasing
           tongue
           .
           Thou
           hast
           dispoiled
           Cicero
           of
           a
           poore
           remnant
           of
           dayes
           ,
           thou
           hast
           pared
           away
           his
           old
           age
           ,
           thou
           hast
           caused
           him
           to
           be
           slaine
           ,
           when
           he
           wished
           for
           death
           ,
           but
           his
           fame
           and
           the
           glorie
           of
           his
           vertues
           and
           excellent
           learning
           ,
           thou
           art
           so
           farre
           from
           abridging
           ,
           that
           thou
           hast
           augmented
           it
           :
           he
           liueth
           and
           shall
           liue
           by
           the
           memorie
           of
           all
           ages
           ,
           and
           whilst
           the
           frame
           of
           this
           world
           shall
           
           stand
           ,
           and
           this
           bodie
           of
           nature
           shal
           continue
           ,
           which
           that
           onely
           Romane
           did
           in
           minde
           contemplate
           ,
           by
           wit
           vnderstand
           ,
           &
           by
           eloquence
           describe
           ,
           the
           commendation
           of
           Cicero
           shall
           alway
           accompanie
           it
           ,
           the
           succeding
           wits
           shall
           wonder
           at
           his
           writings
           ,
           &
           euery
           mans
           doome
           shall
           condemne
           thy
           cruelty
           .
           But
           the
           miserie
           of
           these
           times
           none
           can
           sufficiently
           deplore
           ,
           so
           vnpossible
           it
           is
           to
           expresse
           it
           by
           words
           .
           But
           this
           is
           to
           be
           noted
           ,
           that
           the
           care
           of
           wiues
           toward
           their
           husbands
           ,
           that
           were
           proscribed
           ,
           was
           maruellous
           ,
           &
           in
           the
           highest
           degree
           :
           the
           fidelitie
           of
           their
           free-men
           but
           indifferent
           ,
           the
           loyaltie
           of
           their
           bond-men
           very
           slender
           ,
           the
           loue
           of
           their
           children
           none
           at
           all
           ,
           so
           grisly
           and
           loathsome
           is
           aduersity
           to
           a
           mans
           owne
           bowels
           .
           Cassius
           hearing
           of
           the
           great
           tumults
           of
           Rome
           ,
           went
           from
           Syria
           to
           Smyrna
           in
           Asia
           ,
           where
           M.
           Brutus
           was
           ,
           to
           take
           aduise
           of
           the
           ordering
           of
           the
           battel
           against
           M.
           Antonius
           ,
           &
           C.
           Octauius
           ,
           who
           they
           heard
           did
           make
           expedition
           against
           them
           .
           VVherefore
           Cassius
           hauing
           ouercome
           the
           Rhodians
           ,
           and
           Ariobarzanes
           ,
           and
           Brutus
           hauing
           subdued
           the
           Patareans
           ,
           the
           Lycians
           ,
           and
           other
           nations
           of
           Asia
           ,
           
           which
           did
           before
           molest
           them
           ,
           they
           hasted
           to
           Macedonia
           that
           they
           might
           there
           wage
           battell
           .
           And
           thither
           not
           long
           after
           came
           Caesar
           ,
           and
           M.
           Antonius
           with
           a
           huge
           host
           ,
           and
           before
           the
           citie
           of
           Philippi
           they
           faced
           their
           enemies
           with
           the
           tents
           .
           That
           fight
           was
           verie
           fierce
           and
           very
           doubtful
           ,
           for
           Brutus
           put
           Caesar
           to
           flight
           ,
           and
           Antonius
           Cassius
           ,
           and
           each
           of
           their
           tents
           was
           ransacked
           of
           the
           victor
           .
           C.
           Cassius
           when
           Brutus
           ,
           who
           he
           feared
           was
           slaine
           ,
           returned
           a
           farre
           off
           ,
           with
           his
           horsemen
           ,
           thinking
           that
           they
           were
           the
           enemies
           that
           pursued
           him
           ,
           did
           worke
           his
           owne
           death
           by
           the
           hand
           of
           one
           of
           his
           retinue
           .
           VVithin
           a
           few
           dayes
           after
           M.
           Brutus
           being
           ouercome
           in
           another
           battell
           ,
           and
           ouerborne
           with
           despaire
           ,
           enforced
           Strabo
           that
           fled
           with
           him
           to
           slay
           him
           with
           his
           sword
           :
           which
           act
           ,
           many
           noble
           Romanes
           to
           the
           number
           of
           fortie
           did
           imitate
           .
           There
           were
           neuer
           anie
           to
           whom
           fortune
           did
           sooner
           approch
           ,
           thē
           to
           Brutus
           and
           Cassius
           :
           and
           neuer
           anie
           from
           whom
           she
           did
           more
           suddenly
           flie
           :
           Cassius
           was
           the
           better
           Captaine
           ,
           Brutus
           the
           better
           Counseller
           ,
           Brutus
           was
           more
           to
           be
           loued
           ,
           Cassius
           to
           be
           feared
           ,
           because
           the
           one
           excelled
           
           in
           vertue
           ,
           the
           other
           in
           valor
           .
           VVho
           if
           they
           had
           conquered
           in
           this
           fight
           ,
           it
           would
           haue
           bene
           more
           expedient
           for
           the
           Romanes
           to
           haue
           bene
           ruled
           by
           Brutus
           then
           Cassius
           ,
           by
           how
           much
           it
           was
           more
           safe
           to
           them
           in
           the
           end
           to
           be
           gouerned
           by
           Octauius
           then
           Antonius
           .
           The
           yeare
           following
           there
           grew
           discord
           betweene
           Caesar
           and
           L.
           Antonius
           Consul
           ,
           and
           Fuluia
           wife
           to
           M.
           Antonius
           .
           They
           were
           offended
           with
           Caesar
           ,
           because
           he
           shared
           that
           part
           of
           Macedonia
           to
           his
           souldiers
           which
           M.
           Antonius
           should
           haue
           had
           .
           Fuluia
           was
           the
           more
           earnest
           against
           Octauius
           ,
           because
           he
           had
           cōceiued
           a
           deep
           displeasure
           against
           her
           daughter
           ,
           and
           had
           thereupon
           diuorced
           her
           .
           Caesar
           was
           likewise
           incensed
           against
           Antonius
           ,
           because
           he
           would
           not
           send
           to
           him
           that
           supply
           of
           souldiers
           ,
           which
           he
           ought
           to
           haue
           .
           Antonius
           therefore
           in
           his
           brothers
           quarell
           ,
           maintained
           warre
           ,
           Fuluia
           leagued
           vnto
           him
           held
           Praeneste
           ,
           and
           there
           she
           behaued
           her selfe
           as
           the
           other
           Consul
           ,
           cōtemning
           P.
           Seruilius
           who
           was
           indeed
           Consul
           ,
           being
           like
           to
           a
           woman
           in
           nothing
           but
           onely
           in
           sexe
           :
           L.
           Antonius
           with
           an
           hostile
           inuasion
           entred
           the
           citie
           of
           Rome
           ,
           the
           
           armie
           of
           M.
           Lepidus
           ,
           who
           was
           left
           there
           as
           warden
           of
           the
           Citie
           being
           discomfited
           ,
           and
           afterward
           departing
           thence
           toward
           Fraunce
           ,
           was
           intercepted
           by
           Caesar
           ,
           who
           besieged
           him
           a
           long
           time
           at
           Perusia
           ,
           in
           the
           countrey
           of
           Hetruria
           ,
           
           and
           oftentimes
           making
           an
           eruption
           &
           suffering
           a
           repulse
           ,
           he
           was
           constrained
           to
           submit
           him selfe
           ,
           whom
           Caesar
           pardoned
           ,
           but
           many
           of
           the
           Senators
           and
           Romane
           Knights
           were
           sacrificed
           vpon
           the
           altar
           of
           Iulius
           Caesar
           .
           He
           destroyed
           Perusia
           ,
           and
           hauing
           brought
           into
           his
           power
           all
           the
           armie
           of
           the
           contrarie
           side
           ended
           that
           warre
           ,
           Cn.
           Domitius
           Caluinus
           ,
           and
           C.
           Asinius
           Pollio
           being
           Consuls
           ,
           Pollio
           
           was
           a
           man
           of
           notable
           gifts
           ,
           who
           howsoeuer
           matters
           befell
           ,
           was
           loued
           of
           all
           sortes
           of
           men
           .
           Iulius
           Caesar
           did
           make
           great
           reckening
           and
           accompt
           of
           him
           ,
           after
           his
           death
           the
           enemies
           of
           Caesar
           did
           greatly
           fauour
           him
           ,
           M.
           Antonius
           had
           him
           in
           singular
           aestimation
           ,
           Octauius
           held
           him
           neare
           vnto
           his
           heart
           ,
           an
           excellent
           scholer
           ,
           and
           a
           worthie
           souldier
           the
           onely
           obiect
           of
           the
           learned
           ,
           whom
           both
           in
           prose
           &
           poemes
           ,
           they
           haue
           condignely
           commended
           ,
           so
           that
           I
           need
           not
           to
           proceede
           in
           his
           praises
           ,
           
           this
           is
           my
           only
           doubt
           ,
           whether
           he
           were
           more
           to
           be
           extolled
           for
           his
           laudable
           qualities
           ,
           then
           admired
           for
           his
           rare
           and
           wonderfull
           fortune
           ;
           he
           was
           not
           long
           before
           with
           Antonius
           in
           Aegypt
           ,
           but
           seeing
           him
           so
           vainely
           besotted
           with
           the
           loue
           of
           Cleopatra
           ,
           seeing
           him
           knight
           of
           the
           Cannapee
           ,
           who
           was
           earst
           Lord
           of
           the
           field
           ,
           being
           ashamed
           of
           him
           as
           he
           was
           a
           Romane
           ,
           ashamed
           of
           him
           as
           a
           General
           ,
           ashamed
           of
           him
           as
           now
           an
           vnworthie
           companion
           for
           Pollio
           ,
           he
           left
           him
           in
           Aegypt
           with
           his
           concubine
           ,
           and
           came
           to
           Rome
           .
           Afterward
           Caesar
           and
           Lepidus
           fell
           at
           variance
           ,
           so
           that
           Lepidus
           was
           compelled
           to
           surrender
           all
           his
           authority
           ,
           and
           to
           stand
           to
           Caesars
           mercie
           for
           his
           life
           .
           Caesar
           
           did
           then
           fight
           with
           Sex.
           Pompeius
           on
           the
           sea
           .
           Pompey
           being
           there
           ouercome
           fled
           to
           Sicilie
           ,
           and
           afterward
           into
           Asia
           ,
           and
           as
           he
           was
           preparing
           warre
           against
           Antoni
           ,
           he
           was
           takē
           of
           M.
           Titius
           ,
           Antonius
           his
           Lieutenant
           ,
           by
           whō
           he
           was
           slaine
           .
           The
           last
           ciuill
           warre
           which
           was
           betwixt
           the
           Romaines
           was
           that
           which
           was
           fought
           by
           Caesar
           against
           Antoni
           at
           Actium
           .
           The
           occasion
           of
           emnitie
           betwixt
           them
           was
           thus
           ,
           Antonius
           did
           reproue
           Caesar
           because
           
           he
           had
           taken
           to
           himself
           the
           armie
           of
           Lepidus
           &
           that
           which
           followed
           Sex.
           Pompeius
           ,
           which
           ought
           to
           haue
           bene
           common
           to
           them
           three
           .
           Caesar
           did
           obiect
           to
           Antonius
           ,
           that
           he
           did
           keepe
           Aegypt
           without
           lawfull
           commission
           ,
           that
           he
           caused
           Sex.
           Pompeius
           to
           be
           slaine
           without
           his
           consent
           ,
           that
           he
           cast
           Artauasdes
           a
           Prince
           ,
           leagued
           with
           the
           Romans
           ,
           and
           taken
           by
           trecherie
           ,
           into
           prison
           ,
           &
           dishonored
           him
           ,
           with
           gyues
           and
           fetters
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           infamie
           of
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           more
           familiar
           with
           Cleopatra
           then
           became
           an
           honest
           man
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           bestowed
           too
           great
           giftes
           vpon
           her
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           called
           Caesars
           surmised
           bastard
           begotten
           of
           Cleopatra
           ,
           Caesarion
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           disgrace
           of
           that
           house
           .
           These
           things
           priuately
           by
           letters
           and
           publikely
           by
           messengers
           ,
           were
           mentioned
           by
           mutuall
           obiection
           .
           
           Caesar
           afterward
           did
           reade
           Antonius
           his
           testament
           in
           the
           open
           Senate
           ,
           which
           came
           to
           his
           hands
           by
           this
           meane
           .
           Certaine
           souldiers
           which
           did
           flie
           frō
           Antonius
           to
           him
           ,
           told
           him
           that
           the
           authentike
           will
           or
           testament
           of
           M.
           Antonius
           ,
           did
           remaine
           in
           the
           custodie
           of
           the
           Virgins
           vestall
           ,
           of
           whom
           Caesar
           did
           obtaine
           
           it
           ,
           the
           tenor
           and
           forme
           whereof
           was
           thus
           .
        
         
           I
           M.
           Antonius
           one
           of
           the
           three
           states
           of
           
           Rome
           ,
           and
           the
           sonne
           of
           M.
           Antonius
           ,
           do
           by
           this
           my
           last
           will
           and
           testament
           make
           and
           ordaine
           Philadelphus
           &
           Alexander
           my
           sonnes
           by
           Cleopatra
           ,
           the
           heires
           of
           all
           my
           wealth
           and
           substance
           ,
           which
           I
           had
           by
           descent
           from
           M.
           Antonius
           my
           father
           ;
           but
           with
           this
           clause
           ,
           and
           vpon
           this
           condition
           ,
           that
           if
           I
           die
           in
           Rome
           or
           elsewhere
           ,
           they
           shall
           solemnely
           conuey
           my
           bodie
           to
           Alexandria
           in
           Aegypt
           ,
           and
           bestow
           it
           there
           in
           a
           marble
           sepulcher
           ,
           which
           by
           this
           my
           will
           shall
           be
           made
           for
           my selfe
           and
           Cleopatra
           the
           Queene
           of
           Aegypt
           .
           But
           if
           they
           faile
           of
           this
           or
           do
           otherwise
           ,
           without
           lawfull
           or
           vrgent
           cause
           ,
           then
           I
           will
           that
           all
           these
           things
           which
           I
           leaue
           vnto
           my
           aforesaid
           sons
           ,
           be
           conuerted
           to
           the
           vse
           &
           behoofe
           of
           the
           Nuns
           of
           Vesta
           ,
           &
           my
           ghost
           shal
           implore
           the
           assistāce
           of
           the
           Pōtifex-Maximus
           ,
           &
           the
           priests
           of
           Iupiter
           which
           are
           in
           the
           Capitol
           ,
           to
           solicit
           the
           spirits
           of
           vengeance
           to
           punish
           the
           vnthankfulnesse
           of
           my
           sons
           ,
           &
           then
           I
           ordaine
           &
           wil
           ,
           that
           the
           Pontifex
           Maximus
           shall
           cause
           my
           bodie
           to
           be
           reposed
           in
           a
           conuenient
           sepulcher
           ,
           within
           the
           walles
           
           of
           this
           citie
           ,
           and
           I
           will
           also
           that
           as
           many
           bondslaues
           as
           be
           now
           in
           my
           power
           ,
           shall
           presently
           after
           my
           death
           be
           manumitted
           &
           made
           free
           by
           the
           Praetor
           ;
           and
           to
           euerie
           of
           my
           other
           seruants
           I
           bequeath
           a
           Sestertian
           ,
           &
           a
           mourning
           garment
           .
           Lastly
           ,
           I
           do
           pronounce
           by
           this
           my
           last
           will
           and
           testament
           ,
           that
           Caesarion
           the
           son
           of
           Cleopatra
           ,
           is
           the
           true
           ,
           certaine
           ,
           and
           vndoubted
           sonne
           of
           C.
           Iulius
           Caesar
           .
           And
           to
           the
           aforesaid
           Cleopatra
           ,
           I
           giue
           all
           my
           wealth
           and
           treasure
           ,
           that
           I
           haue
           gained
           ,
           purchased
           and
           atchieued
           either
           in
           warre
           or
           in
           peace
           .
           Done
           by
           me
           M.
           Antonius
           vj.
           kal.
           Iul.
           Ap.
           Claudius
           ,
           C.
           Norbanus
           Coss
           .
        
         
           VVhen
           the
           people
           of
           Rome
           had
           heard
           the
           purport
           of
           this
           testament
           ,
           they
           thought
           that
           Antonius
           his
           drift
           ,
           was
           to
           giue
           Rome
           to
           Cleopatra
           ,
           for
           a
           speciall
           fauour
           ,
           for
           which
           cause
           they
           were
           maruellously
           moued
           against
           Antonius
           .
           Caesar
           did
           behaue
           him selfe
           in
           this
           matter
           very
           wisely
           and
           warily
           ,
           for
           in
           wordes
           he
           praetended
           warre
           against
           Cleopatra
           only
           ,
           and
           caused
           it
           to
           be
           proclaimed
           by
           the
           heralt
           ,
           that
           the
           Aegyptian
           Queene
           did
           intend
           the
           suppressing
           of
           the
           Romanes
           .
           That
           was
           done
           
           by
           Caesar
           ,
           to
           the
           end
           that
           he
           might
           auoyd
           the
           hatred
           of
           manie
           noble
           men
           ,
           who
           did
           rather
           affect
           Antonius
           then
           him
           .
           But
           whē
           Antonius
           for
           the
           loue
           of
           Cleopatra
           wold
           neither
           come
           into
           the
           citie
           to
           render
           account
           of
           his
           doings
           ,
           nor
           depose
           his
           Triumuiracie
           ,
           but
           was
           wholly
           busied
           in
           praeparing
           warre
           against
           Italie
           ,
           Caesar
           did
           furnish
           himselfe
           as
           well
           for
           sea
           as
           for
           land
           :
           he
           therefore
           gathered
           manie
           souldiers
           out
           of
           Spaine
           ,
           Fraunce
           ,
           Lybia
           ,
           Sardinia
           and
           Sicilia
           .
           Antonius
           likewise
           did
           make
           an
           armie
           of
           Asians
           ,
           Thracians
           ,
           Macedonians
           ,
           Graeciās
           ,
           Aegyptians
           and
           Cyrenians
           .
           And
           in
           the
           yeare
           following
           C.
           Caesar
           and
           M.
           Messalla
           being
           Consuls
           ,
           Antonius
           and
           Cleopatra
           at
           Actium
           a
           promontorie
           of
           Epirus
           ,
           encountred
           Caesar
           ,
           who
           hauing
           prosperous
           successe
           in
           many
           battels
           against
           them
           ,
           as
           well
           on
           sea
           as
           on
           land
           ,
           they
           being
           at
           length
           ouercome
           fled
           to
           Alexandria
           in
           Aegypt
           .
           Caesar
           did
           sacrifice
           all
           the
           
           pinasses
           which
           he
           had
           taken
           in
           warre
           ,
           to
           Apollo
           ,
           who
           was
           worshipped
           at
           Actium
           ,
           as
           a
           monument
           of
           thankfulnesse
           for
           his
           victorie
           ,
           and
           did
           also
           institute
           a
           fiue
           yeres
           solemnitie
           ,
           which
           was
           called
           the
           solemnitie
           of
           Actium
           ,
           
           besides
           this
           he
           built
           a
           faire
           temple
           to
           Apollo
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           place
           where
           his
           tents
           were
           pitched
           
           he
           founded
           a
           great
           city
           called
           Nicopolis
           ,
           the
           citie
           of
           victorie
           .
           Asinius
           Pollio
           did
           still
           praeserue
           the
           auncient
           amitie
           that
           was
           betwixt
           him
           and
           M.
           Antonius
           ,
           for
           when
           Caesar
           at
           his
           departing
           from
           Rome
           ,
           requested
           him
           that
           he
           would
           ioyne
           with
           him
           ,
           in
           his
           warres
           against
           Antonius
           ,
           he
           made
           this
           answer
           :
           The
           benefites
           of
           Antonius
           towards
           me
           ,
           will
           not
           permit
           me
           to
           be
           an
           enemie
           vnto
           him
           ,
           and
           my
           merites
           at
           the
           hands
           of
           Antonius
           be
           farre
           otherwise
           ,
           thē
           that
           Antonius
           should
           be
           an
           enemie
           vnto
           me
           ,
           wherefore
           leauing
           both
           and
           leaning
           to
           neither
           ,
           I
           wil
           stay
           here
           in
           Italie
           ,
           and
           be
           the
           spoile
           of
           the
           conqueror
           .
           Caesar
           did
           afterward
           besiege
           Antonius
           &
           Cleopatra
           at
           Alexandria
           ,
           where
           Antonius
           being
           in
           a
           most
           desperate
           plight
           ,
           being
           in
           no
           possibilitie
           to
           recouer
           Caesars
           fauour
           ,
           and
           hearing
           by
           a
           false
           rumor
           ,
           that
           Cleopatra
           was
           slaine
           ,
           did
           suddenly
           stab
           himselfe
           .
           Caesar
           tooke
           Alexandria
           ,
           and
           with
           it
           Cleopatra
           ,
           but
           because
           she
           would
           not
           grace
           Octauius
           so
           much
           as
           to
           be
           led
           in
           triumph
           by
           
           him
           ,
           she
           put
           Aspes
           to
           her
           breasts
           ,
           and
           was
           by
           
           them
           done
           to
           death
           ,
           though
           her
           keeper
           had
           praecise
           charge
           to
           looke
           carefully
           vnto
           her
           .
           Aegypt
           was
           then
           brought
           by
           Caesar
           into
           the
           forme
           of
           a
           prouince
           ,
           and
           hauing
           made
           Cornelius
           Gallus
           Praesident
           there
           ,
           he
           came
           to
           Rome
           ,
           where
           he
           had
           a
           triple
           triumph
           ,
           the
           one
           of
           Dalmatia
           ,
           which
           he
           brought
           to
           conformitie
           after
           his
           warre
           finished
           against
           Sex.
           Pompeius
           ,
           the
           other
           of
           Actium
           ,
           the
           third
           of
           Alexandria
           .
           VVhen
           Caesar
           with
           the
           great
           applause
           and
           gratulation
           of
           the
           Romanes
           had
           pacified
           the
           whole
           praecinct
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           and
           for
           that
           cause
           had
           shut
           the
           temple
           of
           Ianus
           the
           third
           time
           ,
           and
           an
           augurie
           of
           safetie
           was
           celebrated
           ,
           which
           two
           things
           were
           neuer
           done
           but
           when
           the
           whole
           Empire
           was
           in
           quietnesse
           ,
           he
           purposed
           to
           depose
           the
           Empirie
           ,
           &
           to
           bring
           the
           common-weale
           to
           a
           good
           &
           perfect
           constitution
           .
           To
           depose
           the
           Empirie
           ,
           M.
           Agrippa
           did
           perswade
           him
           ,
           but
           Maecaenas
           did
           disswade
           him
           ,
           whose
           opinion
           he
           yeelded
           vnto
           .
           VVherfore
           endeuoring
           by
           law
           to
           confirme
           the
           Empirie
           ,
           and
           to
           win
           the
           fauour
           and
           good
           aestimation
           ,
           as
           well
           of
           the
           Nobles
           and
           Senators
           ,
           as
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           he
           burnt
           all
           the
           letters
           which
           
           the
           citizens
           that
           were
           then
           in
           Rome
           or
           out
           of
           Rome
           had
           writtē
           to
           Antonius
           ,
           lest
           any
           Senator
           who
           did
           follow
           Antonius
           his
           faction
           ,
           should
           thinke
           himselfe
           to
           be
           hated
           of
           Caesar
           for
           that
           cause
           ,
           &
           so
           should
           attempt
           some
           mischiefe
           against
           him
           :
           he
           releeued
           the
           common
           stocke
           ,
           which
           was
           greatly
           wasted
           by
           ciuill
           warres
           ,
           with
           his
           owne
           priuate
           wealth
           ,
           &
           them
           that
           were
           indebted
           to
           the
           common
           treasurie
           ,
           the
           billes
           of
           debt
           being
           burnt
           with
           his
           owne
           handes
           ,
           he
           did
           free
           from
           the
           daunger
           of
           the
           rolle
           .
           And
           whereas
           many
           things
           were
           done
           ,
           in
           the
           tumults
           and
           seditions
           of
           the
           citizens
           ,
           against
           law
           and
           custome
           by
           Lepidus
           and
           Antonius
           ,
           he
           did
           repeale
           them
           by
           an
           Edict
           ,
           and
           made
           his
           sixth
           Consulship
           ,
           which
           he
           then
           enioyed
           to
           be
           the
           death-day
           of
           these
           lawes
           ;
           by
           which
           meanes
           when
           he
           had
           worthily
           drawne
           vnto
           him
           the
           hearts
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           yet
           in
           one
           thing
           he
           pleased
           them
           aboue
           the
           rest
           ,
           which
           was
           done
           rather
           of
           pollicie
           thē
           of
           plaine
           meaning
           :
           for
           hauing
           singled
           out
           a
           great
           number
           of
           Senators
           ,
           whose
           loue
           toward
           him
           was
           specially
           approued
           ,
           in
           a
           very
           frequent
           Senate
           ,
           he
           did
           offer
           to
           surrender
           the
           Empire
           into
           the
           
           hands
           of
           the
           Senators
           and
           people
           .
           But
           some
           of
           the
           Senators
           ,
           because
           they
           suspected
           that
           his
           wordes
           differed
           from
           his
           meaning
           ,
           some
           because
           they
           did
           feare
           greater
           daunger
           by
           a
           popular
           estate
           ,
           others
           because
           they
           feared
           his
           displeasure
           ,
           if
           they
           should
           agree
           vnto
           it
           ,
           they
           did
           with
           one
           voice
           refuse
           the
           offer
           ,
           and
           ioyned
           in
           earnest
           sute
           and
           humble
           petition
           vnto
           him
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           be
           the
           sole
           gouernour
           and
           absolute
           Emperour
           of
           Rome
           ,
           and
           for
           that
           cause
           they
           did
           decree
           that
           the
           stipēd
           of
           those
           who
           did
           guard
           his
           person
           should
           be
           doubled
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           be
           in
           more
           safetie
           by
           that
           meane
           ,
           both
           to
           his
           friends
           and
           to
           the
           cōmonweale
           .
           VVhen
           by
           the
           franke
           assent
           of
           the
           Senate
           and
           people
           ,
           he
           had
           thus
           ,
           not
           confirmed
           the
           auncient
           Empirie
           ,
           but
           in
           deed
           created
           a
           new
           Monarchie
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           seeme
           popular
           ,
           he
           was
           content
           to
           charge
           him selfe
           with
           the
           weightie
           affaires
           of
           the
           Empire
           :
           but
           the
           authoritie
           and
           dignitie
           thereof
           he
           did
           cōmunicate
           with
           the
           people
           :
           and
           therefore
           vnto
           the
           Senate
           and
           people
           he
           did
           allot
           Numidia
           ,
           Asia
           ,
           Graecia
           ,
           Epirus
           ,
           Dalmatia
           ,
           Macedonia
           ,
           Sicilia
           ,
           Creta
           ,
           Cyrene
           ,
           Bythinia
           ,
           Pontus
           ,
           Sardinia
           
           and
           Hispania
           Betica
           :
           which
           were
           the
           more
           peaceable
           and
           quiet
           countries
           .
           To
           himselfe
           he
           tooke
           the
           other
           parts
           of
           Spaine
           ,
           and
           all
           Fraunce
           ,
           Narbonensis
           ,
           Lugdunensis
           ,
           Aquitanica
           Celtica
           ,
           likewise
           Germania
           ,
           Coelosyria
           ,
           Phoenicia
           ,
           Cyprus
           and
           Aegypt
           .
           And
           that
           he
           might
           void
           out
           of
           their
           minds
           all
           suspition
           of
           Monarchie
           ,
           the
           supreme
           authoritie
           that
           was
           assigned
           to
           him
           he
           did
           only
           restraine
           to
           ten
           yeres
           continuance
           .
           The
           Romanes
           did
           bestow
           diuerse
           honors
           vpon
           Caesar
           ,
           planting
           before
           the
           doore
           of
           his
           Court
           a
           Bay
           tree
           ,
           on
           
           the
           top
           whereof
           they
           set
           a
           wreath
           of
           oaken
           boughs
           ,
           signifying
           that
           he
           was
           the
           man
           that
           had
           both
           ouercome
           their
           enemies
           ,
           and
           set
           their
           citie
           in
           safetie
           .
           They
           decreed
           also
           that
           his
           Court
           should
           be
           called
           a
           Pallace
           ,
           so
           that
           in
           what
           region
           soeuer
           the
           Romane
           Emperor
           did
           soiourne
           ,
           his
           Court
           was
           called
           a
           Pallace
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           should
           be
           called
           Augustus
           .
           For
           when
           many
           would
           haue
           adorned
           him
           with
           some
           title
           of
           excellencie
           ,
           Caesar
           had
           a
           great
           desire
           to
           be
           called
           Romulus
           secundus
           ,
           but
           because
           that
           did
           resemble
           too
           much
           the
           title
           of
           a
           king
           ,
           he
           was
           content
           to
           be
           called
           Augustus
           ,
           
           that
           is
           ,
           maiesticall
           or
           diuine
           .
           Thus
           had
           Caesar
           the
           power
           of
           a
           king
           the
           stile
           only
           foreprised
           .
           In
           him
           all
           the
           dignities
           and
           magistracies
           did
           meete
           ,
           he
           was
           sole
           Consul
           ,
           in
           determining
           iudicially
           of
           publike
           affaires
           ,
           sole
           Pōtifex
           ,
           for
           he
           had
           that
           speciall
           title
           ,
           sole
           Censor
           in
           taxing
           the
           Romanes
           by
           poales
           ,
           and
           fining
           them
           for
           faults
           ,
           sole
           Tribune
           ,
           in
           abrogating
           these
           lawes
           &
           voiding
           these
           acts
           which
           were
           made
           and
           done
           by
           other
           magistrates
           :
           which
           though
           in
           shew
           they
           were
           manie
           ,
           yet
           in
           deed
           there
           was
           now
           but
           one
           Magistrate
           in
           Rome
           ,
           one
           Emperour
           ,
           one
           Augustus
           ;
           but
           these
           honors
           did
           not
           warrant
           Caesars
           quietnesse
           ,
           for
           he
           was
           endangered
           by
           many
           trecheries
           ,
           and
           being
           thereby
           too
           seuere
           in
           punishing
           both
           the
           worthie
           and
           vnworthie
           ,
           vpon
           suspition
           &
           surmise
           without
           anie
           formall
           proceeding
           against
           them
           ,
           he
           did
           indeed
           minister
           oile
           vnto
           the
           flame
           of
           their
           malice
           .
           Amongst
           the
           rest
           Cn.
           Cornelius
           ,
           whose
           grandfather
           was
           Cn.
           Pompeius
           Magnus
           ,
           did
           with
           his
           complices
           imagine
           and
           conspire
           the
           death
           of
           Augustus
           ,
           whom
           Caesar
           would
           not
           put
           to
           death
           ,
           because
           he
           thought
           by
           that
           meane
           ,
           he
           should
           gaine
           
           no
           great
           securitie
           ,
           neither
           would
           he
           deliuer
           them
           from
           imprisonment
           ,
           lest
           others
           might
           take
           courage
           &
           counsell
           to
           attempt
           the
           like
           .
           VVith
           this
           doubt
           &
           perplexitie
           he
           was
           grieuously
           troubled
           ,
           and
           cares
           did
           torment
           his
           mind
           both
           in
           the
           night
           and
           in
           the
           day
           time
           ;
           wherefore
           walking
           alone
           in
           his
           garden
           ,
           and
           musing
           what
           to
           do
           ,
           Liuia
           the
           Empresse
           came
           vnto
           him
           ,
           and
           prayed
           him
           of
           all
           loues
           to
           reueale
           vnto
           her
           ,
           what
           griefe
           had
           encroched
           vpon
           his
           heart
           ,
           and
           what
           was
           the
           cause
           of
           his
           vnusuall
           dumpes
           ,
           to
           whom
           Caesar
           made
           this
           answer
           .
           
             Can
             any
             man
             ,
             Liuia
             ,
             be
             of
             a
             calme
             and
             contented
             mind
             ;
             against
             whom
             on
             euery
             side
             are
             layd
             the
             snares
             of
             treason
             ?
             Seest
             thou
             not
             how
             manie
             doe
             besiege
             my
             quietnesse
             ,
             whom
             the
             punishment
             of
             condemned
             persons
             doth
             not
             only
             not
             deterre
             ,
             but
             ,
             as
             if
             there
             were
             some
             hope
             of
             reward
             ,
             others
             rush
             desperatly
             forward
             to
             vnlawfull
             attempts
             .
             Liuia
             when
             she
             heard
             this
             ,
             did
             thus
             reply
             .
             It
             is
             no
             maruel
             ,
             my
             Lord
             ,
             if
             you
             be
             beset
             with
             dāgers
             ,
             partly
             because
             you
             are
             a
             man
             ,
             and
             therefore
             borne
             to
             casualtie
             ,
             partly
             an
             Emperour
             ,
             by
             whose
             authoritie
             ,
             because
             manie
             are
             put
             to
             
             death
             ,
             many
             that
             liue
             do
             conceiue
             hatred
             against
             you
             ;
             for
             a
             Prince
             cānot
             only
             not
             please
             all
             ,
             but
             though
             he
             gouerne
             in
             most
             orderly
             and
             peaceable
             maner
             ,
             it
             cannot
             be
             otherwise
             ,
             but
             he
             should
             haue
             many
             foes
             .
             For
             there
             be
             not
             so
             many
             iust
             as
             iniurious
             ,
             whose
             humours
             can
             neuer
             be
             satisfied
             ,
             &
             they
             which
             be
             of
             the
             better
             sort
             do
             aime
             at
             great
             matters
             ,
             which
             because
             they
             can
             not
             obtaine
             ,
             and
             because
             they
             are
             inferiour
             to
             others
             ,
             are
             full
             of
             male-contentment
             ,
             and
             for
             that
             cause
             they
             are
             offended
             with
             their
             Prince
             .
             But
             the
             danger
             vnto
             which
             you
             are
             subiect
             by
             them
             which
             do
             not
             cōspire
             against
             your
             person
             ,
             but
             against
             your
             estate
             ,
             cannot
             anie
             way
             be
             auoided
             .
             For
             if
             you
             were
             a
             priuate
             man
             ,
             none
             would
             offer
             you
             iniurie
             ,
             vnlesse
             he
             receiued
             wrong
             before
             at
             your
             hands
             ,
             but
             an
             Empire
             ,
             and
             the
             reuenues
             thereof
             ,
             they
             which
             haue
             power
             do
             rather
             affect
             ,
             then
             they
             which
             are
             poore
             do
             loath
             .
             This
             though
             it
             be
             a
             point
             of
             vnconscionable
             men
             ,
             yet
             as
             other
             faults
             ,
             so
             this
             is
             the
             seed
             of
             nature
             ,
             which
             out
             of
             some
             men
             neither
             by
             rewards
             nor
             by
             threats
             you
             shall
             be
             able
             to
             extirpate
             :
             for
             neither
             feare
             nor
             lawe
             
             can
             do
             more
             then
             nature
             .
             VVhich
             being
             thoroughly
             cōsidered
             ,
             it
             will
             seeme
             a
             great
             deale
             more
             conuenient
             to
             strengthen
             and
             stablish
             your
             Empire
             with
             faithfulnesse
             and
             loyaltie
             ,
             then
             with
             sharpnesse
             and
             rigor
             .
             Augustus
             did
             thus
             reioyne
             :
             I
             know
             ,
             Liuia
             ,
             that
             the
             highest
             things
             be
             most
             subiect
             to
             hatred
             ,
             &
             the
             greatest
             Emperours
             haue
             the
             greatest
             enemies
             :
             for
             if
             our
             cares
             ,
             griefes
             and
             perils
             were
             not
             greater
             then
             the
             griefes
             and
             perturbations
             of
             priuate
             mē
             ,
             we
             should
             be
             aequal
             to
             the
             Gods
             ;
             but
             this
             doth
             chiefly
             molest
             me
             ,
             that
             I
             cannot
             deuise
             anie
             remedie
             ,
             which
             may
             cure
             &
             conquer
             this
             mischiefe
             .
             All
             men
             haue
             enemies
             ,
             &
             many
             haue
             bene
             slaine
             by
             enemies
             ,
             but
             the
             estate
             of
             Princes
             lieth
             so
             open
             to
             casualtie
             ,
             that
             we
             are
             cōstrained
             to
             feare
             our
             familiar
             frinds
             and
             our
             daily
             acquaintance
             ,
             with
             whom
             because
             we
             must
             continually
             conuerse
             ,
             we
             do
             continually
             feare
             ,
             and
             this
             maladie
             is
             more
             hardly
             redressed
             then
             emnitie
             :
             for
             against
             our
             enemies
             we
             may
             oppose
             our
             friends
             ,
             but
             if
             our
             friends
             do
             faile
             vs
             ,
             where
             is
             thē
             our
             helpe
             ?
             therfore
             both
             solitude
             and
             multitude
             is
             grieuous
             vnto
             vs
             ,
             &
             it
             is
             dangerous
             to
             be
             without
             
             a
             gard
             ,
             but
             to
             haue
             an
             vnfaithful
             gard
             is
             much
             more
             dangerous
             .
             Apparant
             enemies
             may
             be
             auoided
             ,
             but
             false
             hearted
             friends
             we
             cannot
             anie
             way
             shunne
             :
             for
             we
             must
             call
             thē
             friends
             ,
             of
             whose
             constant
             faithfulnesse
             we
             can
             not
             possibly
             be
             assured
             ;
             for
             my selfe
             I
             do
             plainely
             protest
             ,
             that
             my
             heart
             abhorreth
             from
             the
             extremitie
             of
             punishment
             ,
             and
             the
             necessitie
             of
             torture
             goeth
             greatly
             against
             my
             mind
             .
             Then
             said
             Liuia
             ,
             You
             haue
             spoken
             well
             my
             Lord
             ,
             but
             if
             you
             will
             be
             aduised
             by
             me
             ,
             &
             you
             ought
             not
             to
             refuse
             my
             counsell
             because
             it
             proceedeth
             from
             a
             woman
             ;
             I
             will
             aduise
             you
             of
             that
             which
             none
             of
             your
             friends
             will
             impart
             vnto
             you
             ,
             not
             because
             they
             are
             ignorant
             of
             it
             ,
             but
             for
             that
             they
             dread
             your
             displeasure
             .
             VVhich
             Augustus
             taking
             hold
             of
             ,
             Tell
             it
             me
             Liuia
             said
             he
             whatsoeuer
             it
             is
             .
             I
             will
             ,
             said
             Liuia
             ,
             and
             that
             as
             willingly
             as
             you
             would
             heare
             it
             ,
             for
             I
             am
             made
             partaker
             of
             your
             destinie
             .
             Caesar
             being
             safe
             I
             am
             Empresse
             ,
             and
             he
             being
             dishonored
             ,
             which
             misfortune
             the
             Gods
             auert
             ,
             I
             am
             also
             disgraced
             ,
             and
             bereaued
             of
             glorie
             .
             That
             I
             may
             not
             vse
             an
             ambush
             of
             words
             ,
             nor
             a
             labyrinth
             of
             circumstances
             :
             my
             theame
             shal
             
             be
             one
             word
             ,
             and
             that
             is
             ,
             Clemencie
             .
             Change
             thy
             course
             Augustus
             ,
             and
             forgiue
             some
             of
             thy
             foes
             ,
             manie
             things
             may
             be
             healed
             by
             lenitie
             ,
             which
             crueltie
             can
             neuer
             cut
             off
             .
             Neither
             do
             I
             speake
             this
             ,
             as
             if
             disloyall
             and
             irregular
             persons
             should
             generally
             and
             without
             difference
             receiue
             mercie
             ,
             nay
             they
             that
             be
             notoriously
             stained
             ,
             and
             branded
             with
             conspiracie
             ,
             they
             that
             trouble
             the
             quietnesse
             of
             the
             Common-weale
             ,
             they
             that
             are
             ouerflowed
             with
             vices
             ,
             whose
             life
             is
             nothing
             else
             but
             leudnes
             ,
             so
             that
             they
             are
             past
             hope
             or
             helpe
             ,
             cut
             them
             off
             my
             Augustus
             ,
             as
             the
             putrified
             parts
             of
             a
             distempered
             bodie
             :
             but
             they
             which
             either
             through
             the
             infirmitie
             of
             youth
             ,
             or
             the
             imprudency
             of
             mind
             ,
             or
             through
             ignorance
             or
             mischaunce
             haue
             offended
             ,
             or
             which
             against
             their
             willes
             haue
             bene
             drawne
             into
             daunger
             ,
             admonish
             them
             ,
             but
             with
             minatorie
             speeches
             :
             and
             let
             them
             finde
             grace
             but
             with
             condition
             .
             Some
             thou
             mayest
             punish
             with
             exile
             ,
             some
             with
             infamie
             ,
             and
             some
             with
             money
             :
             and
             that
             none
             may
             be
             vniustly
             condemned
             ,
             nor
             by
             a
             fained
             accusation
             suffer
             death
             ,
             let
             the
             truth
             be
             tried
             by
             such
             proofes
             ,
             as
             may
             worthilie
             be
             approued
             .
             
             For
             it
             behooueth
             thee
             Augustus
             ,
             not
             onely
             to
             be
             free
             from
             doing
             wrong
             ,
             but
             euen
             from
             shew
             and
             semblance
             of
             iniurie
             .
             Priuate
             men
             haue
             done
             enough
             if
             they
             haue
             not
             offended
             ,
             but
             a
             Prince
             must
             endeuor
             not
             to
             be
             suspected
             of
             faults
             .
             Thou
             rulest
             ouer
             men
             ,
             not
             ouer
             beasts
             ,
             ouer
             Romanes
             ,
             and
             not
             ouer
             Barbarians
             ,
             and
             the
             onely
             meane
             to
             lincke
             their
             hearts
             vnto
             thee
             ,
             is
             to
             benefite
             all
             and
             to
             oppresse
             none
             .
             For
             though
             a
             man
             may
             be
             constrained
             to
             feare
             ,
             yet
             he
             cannot
             be
             enforced
             to
             loue
             ;
             for
             when
             the
             subiect
             clearely
             discerneth
             that
             his
             Prince
             is
             bountifull
             ,
             he
             is
             soone
             perswaded
             :
             but
             when
             he
             is
             once
             resolued
             vpon
             manifest
             praesumption
             ,
             that
             some
             be
             vniustly
             put
             to
             death
             ,
             lest
             the
             same
             thing
             happen
             vnto
             him
             ,
             he
             may
             iustly
             feare
             :
             and
             whō
             he
             so
             feareth
             ,
             he
             hateth
             with
             the
             strength
             of
             his
             heart
             .
             But
             a
             Prince
             is
             the
             priuiledge
             of
             his
             subiects
             security
             ,
             that
             they
             take
             no
             harme
             ,
             neither
             of
             forreiners
             ,
             nor
             of
             their
             fellow
             subiects
             ,
             much
             lesse
             of
             their
             Prince
             &
             protector
             .
             And
             it
             is
             a
             great
             deale
             more
             magnificent
             and
             glorious
             to
             saue
             then
             to
             kill
             :
             wherfore
             lawes
             ,
             benefites
             ,
             admonitions
             must
             be
             vsed
             ,
             that
             
             men
             may
             become
             circumspect
             ,
             &
             warie
             ,
             and
             further
             they
             must
             be
             so
             diligently
             watched
             and
             obserued
             ,
             that
             though
             they
             would
             be
             ,
             yet
             they
             may
             not
             be
             traiterous
             ;
             and
             they
             which
             are
             greene
             in
             conceit
             ,
             and
             as
             it
             were
             flexible
             waxe
             to
             the
             stronger
             powers
             ,
             must
             haue
             perpetuall
             conseruatiues
             lest
             they
             be
             corrupted
             :
             and
             to
             tollerate
             the
             offences
             of
             some
             ,
             is
             both
             great
             wisedome
             and
             great
             manhood
             :
             for
             if
             euerie
             mans
             fault
             should
             be
             his
             fall
             ,
             the
             earth
             would
             soone
             lacke
             inhabitants
             .
             Thinke
             my
             good
             Augustus
             ,
             that
             the
             sword
             cannot
             do
             all
             things
             for
             thee
             :
             it
             cannot
             make
             men
             wise
             ,
             it
             cannot
             make
             them
             faithful
             :
             it
             may
             constraine
             them
             ,
             but
             it
             cannot
             perswade
             them
             :
             it
             doth
             pierce
             the
             heart
             of
             him
             that
             is
             slaine
             ,
             but
             it
             doth
             alienate
             the
             mind
             of
             him
             that
             doth
             liue
             .
             VVherefore
             alter
             thy
             opinion
             noble
             Emperour
             ,
             and
             by
             vsing
             clemencie
             they
             will
             thinke
             that
             all
             that
             thou
             hast
             heretofore
             done
             was
             done
             by
             necessitie
             and
             against
             thy
             will
             ,
             but
             if
             thou
             perseuerest
             still
             in
             the
             same
             minde
             and
             purpose
             ,
             they
             will
             impute
             all
             that
             hath
             bene
             done
             to
             the
             austeritie
             and
             sourenesse
             of
             thy
             nature
             .
          
           VVith
           these
           speeches
           of
           Liuia
           Augustus
           
           being
           moued
           ,
           pardoned
           many
           ,
           and
           vsed
           as
           much
           lenitie
           as
           his
           owne
           safetie
           would
           beare
           :
           whereby
           he
           purchased
           the
           entire
           loue
           of
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           and
           all
           his
           life
           time
           after
           there
           was
           neuer
           anie
           treason
           attempted
           against
           him
           .
           Thus
           after
           ciuill
           emnities
           extinguished
           ,
           forreine
           warres
           fully
           ended
           ,
           iustice
           recalled
           ,
           destiny
           satisfied
           ,
           strength
           was
           restored
           to
           lawes
           ,
           authoritie
           to
           Magistrates
           ,
           dignitie
           to
           the
           Nobles
           ,
           maiestie
           to
           the
           Senate
           ,
           safetie
           to
           the
           people
           :
           the
           fieldes
           were
           without
           hinderance
           trimmed
           and
           tilled
           ,
           the
           sacrifices
           celebrated
           and
           solemnized
           ,
           quietnesse
           returned
           to
           men
           ,
           and
           euerie
           possession
           to
           his
           lawfull
           owner
           :
           good
           lawes
           were
           made
           ,
           imperfect
           lawes
           were
           amended
           ,
           bad
           lawes
           cancelled
           :
           the
           Senators
           were
           seuere
           without
           currishnesse
           ,
           the
           people
           honest
           without
           constraint
           :
           and
           with
           this
           harmonie
           peace
           pleased
           the
           Romanes
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           A
           Table
           of
           the
           principall
           matters
           contained
           in
           this
           historie
           according
           to
           
             the
             number
             of
             the
             Pages
          
           .
        
         
           
             A
             
               
                 Ancus
                 a
                 great
                 builder
                 .
                 8
              
               
                 M.
                 Antonius
                 the
                 orator
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 by
                 Marius
                 &
                 Cinna
                 .
                 65
              
               
                 M.
                 Antonius
                 :
                 he
                 helpeth
                 Caesar
                 138.
                 
                 He
                 is
                 spared
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 whē
                 Caesar
                 is
                 slain
                 .
                 169
                 He
                 fighteth
                 with
                 Pansa
                 .
                 175
                 He
                 fighteth
                 with
                 Hirtius
                 .
                 176.
                 
                 He
                 fighteth
                 with
                 both
                 the
                 Consuls
                 .
                 ibid.
                 Octauius
                 becommeth
                 an
                 enemie
                 vnto
                 him
                 .
                 ibid.
                 He
                 writeth
                 contumelious
                 letters
                 to
                 Brutus
                 and
                 Cassius
                 .
                 180.
                 
                 The
                 testamēt
                 of
                 M.
                 Antonius
                 .
                 193
              
            
          
           
             B
             
               
                 D.
                 Brutus
                 suffereth
                 him selfe
                 to
                 be
                 besieged
                 by
                 Antonius
                 .
                 175.
                 
                 He
                 is
                 slaine
                 .
                 179
              
            
          
           
             C
             
               
                 Campania
                 :
                 the
                 praise
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 10
              
               
                 Carthage
                 :
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 second
                 Corthagiā
                 warre
                 .
                 12
                 Masinissa
                 quarrelleth
                 with
                 the
                 Carthagimans
                 .
                 45.
                 
                 Scipio
                 is
                 sent
                 as
                 Vmpier
                 betwixt
                 them
                 and
                 Masinissa
                 .
                 46.
                 the
                 Citie
                 of
                 Carthage
                 is
                 burnt
                 .
                 47
              
               
                 Q.
                 Caepio
                 is
                 slaine
                 .
              
               
                 C.
                 Iulius
                 Caesar
                 :
                 he
                 is
                 inclined
                 to
                 sedition
                 .
                 103.
                 his
                 originall
                 107.
                 his
                 death
                 is
                 sought
                 for
                 by
                 Sillaes
                 officers
                 .
                 108.
                 the
                 Heluetians
                 sled
                 before
                 Caesar
                 .
                 116.
                 they
                 are
                 ouercome
                 by
                 him
                 .
                 117.
                 he
                 pursueth
                 battel
                 against
                 Ariouista
                 .
                 ibid.
                 he
                 fighteth
                 against
                 the
                 Belgians
                 and
                 Nerrians
                 .
                 ibid.
                 he
                 ouerthroweth
                 the
                 Germanes
                 ibd
                 .
                 he
                 burneth
                 the
                 villages
                 of
                 the
                 Sicambrians
                 .
                 118.
                 he
                 ouercommeth
                 the
                 Britaines
                 ibid.
                 he
                 is
                 reconciled
                 to
                 the
                 Britaines
                 .
                 ibid.
                 he
                 renueth
                 against
                 them
                 .
                 ibid.
                 the
                 Eburons
                 are
                 ouercome
                 by
                 him
                 .
                 119.
                 his
                 reuenge
                 vpon
                 the
                 French
                 rebels
                 .
                 120.
                 a
                 decree
                 made
                 by
                 the
                 Senate
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 dismisse
                 his
                 armie
                 .
                 122
                 he
                 is
                 incensed
                 by
                 Curio
                 against
                 the
                 Senate
                 .
                 123.
                 his
                 passionate
                 speech
                 against
                 the
                 Senate
                 .
                 ibid.
                 he
                 pardoneth
                 Domitius
                 .
                 127.
                 he
                 seiseth
                 the
                 treasurie
                 .
                 131.
                 he
                 marcheth
                 toward
                 Spaine
                 .
                 ibid.
                 the
                 strangers
                 which
                 were
                 
                 assistant
                 to
                 Caesar
                 .
                 133.
                 the
                 Caesarians
                 giue
                 the
                 first
                 assault
                 to
                 Pompey
                 .
                 140.
                 his
                 speech
                 to
                 Domitius
                 .
                 143.
                 the
                 dreames
                 and
                 visions
                 of
                 the
                 Caesarians
                 .
                 145.
                 he
                 is
                 entertained
                 of
                 Cleopatra
                 .
                 148.
                 he
                 is
                 assaulted
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 .
                 149.
                 he
                 swimmeth
                 in
                 the
                 riuer
                 of
                 Nilus
                 .
                 ibid.
                 he
                 addresseth
                 against
                 Pharnaces
                 .
                 150.
                 he
                 putteth
                 Phanaces
                 to
                 flight
                 .
                 ibid.
                 he
                 encoūtreth
                 P.
                 Scipio
                 .
                 ibid.
                 his
                 triumphes
                 are
                 described
                 .
                 156
                 Salust
                 maketh
                 an
                 oration
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 157.
                 the
                 great
                 honours
                 bestowed
                 vpon
                 him
                 .
                 165.
                 he
                 fighteth
                 with
                 Cn.
                 Pompeius
                 the
                 younger
                 at
                 the
                 Citie
                 of
                 Siuille
                 .
                 ibid.
                 the
                 causes
                 of
                 the
                 conspiracie
                 bent
                 against
                 him
                 .
                 167.
                 he
                 is
                 slaine
                 in
                 the
                 Senate
                 house
                 .
                 168.
                 the
                 Law
                 Portia
                 broken
                 by
                 the
                 killing
                 of
                 him
                 .
                 169.
                 the
                 Law
                 Cornelia
                 also
                 broken
                 .
                 ibid
                 .
              
               
                 Q.
                 Catulus
                 :
                 the
                 dissention
                 of
                 Lepidus
                 and
                 Catulus
                 .
                 16.
                 76
              
               
                 Q.
                 Catulus
                 cause
                 of
                 his
                 owne
                 death
                 .
                 66
              
               
                 Portius
                 Cato
                 is
                 slaine
                 .
                 55
              
               
                 M.
                 Portius
                 Cato
                 Itichusis
                 his
                 lignage
                 .
                 102.
                 his
                 praise
                 .
                 ibid.
                 he
                 killeth
                 himselfe
                 .
                 150
              
               
                 Catiline
                 :
                 his
                 qualities
                 .
                 83.
                 his
                 lignage
                 .
                 85.
                 he
                 killeth
                 his
                 own
                 sonne
                 .
                 86.
                 he
                 is
                 greatly
                 indebted
                 .
                 87.
                 he
                 is
                 forbidden
                 to
                 make
                 sute
                 for
                 the
                 Consulship
                 .
                 ibid.
                 his
                 impudent
                 answere
                 to
                 Ciceroes
                 oration
                 .
                 98
              
               
                 Cincinnatus
                 his
                 speedy
                 warre
                 .
                 9
              
               
                 L.
                 Cinna
                 :
                 he
                 beginneth
                 a
                 new
                 broyle
                 .
                 62.
                 he
                 is
                 expulsed
                 the
                 Citie
                 .
                 ibid.
                 he
                 is
                 made
                 Captaine
                 of
                 a
                 seditious
                 armie
                 .
                 ibid.
                 he
                 calleth
                 C.
                 Marius
                 from
                 banishment
                 .
                 63.
                 a
                 great
                 fight
                 betwixt
                 him
                 and
                 Cn.
                 Pompeius
                 Strabo
                 .
                 64.
                 he
                 entreth
                 the
                 Citie
                 .
                 ibid.
                 he
                 is
                 slaine
                 .
                 69
              
               
                 Cicero
                 :
                 he
                 is
                 called
                 Paerpatriae
                 .
                 83.
                 his
                 oration
                 against
                 Catiline
                 .
                 92.
                 he
                 mourneth
                 .
                 112.
                 he
                 committeth
                 himselfe
                 to
                 voluntarie
                 exile
                 .
                 113.
                 a
                 sharpe
                 law
                 is
                 made
                 concerning
                 his
                 banishment
                 .
                 ibid.
                 he
                 is
                 recalled
                 from
                 banishment
                 .
                 114.
                 he
                 is
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 .
                 185.
                 
                 Fuluiaes
                 despitefull
                 dealing
                 with
                 his
                 toung
                 .
                 186
              
               
                 Cleopatra
                 killed
                 by
                 Aspworms
                 .
                 196
              
               
                 Clodius
                 :
                 he
                 being
                 tribune
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 becommeth
                 seditious
                 .
                 109.
                 he
                 seeketh
                 reuenge
                 vpon
                 Cicero
                 .
                 110.
                 he
                 is
                 infamous
                 for
                 adulterie
                 with
                 
                 Pompeia
                 Caesars
                 wife
                 .
                 ibid.
                 for
                 incest
                 with
                 his
                 sisters
                 .
                 ibid.
                 he
                 is
                 condemned
                 by
                 the
                 Senate
                 .
                 ibid.
                 he
                 persisteth
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 enemie
                 to
                 Cicero
                 .
                 114
                 he
                 burneth
                 the
                 house
                 of
                 Q.
                 Cicero
                 .
                 ibid.
                 he
                 threatneth
                 death
                 to
                 Sanctia
                 .
                 115.
                 he
                 is
                 slaine
                 by
                 Milo.
                 ibid
                 .
              
               
                 Cornelia
                 :
                 she
                 lamenteth
                 her
                 children
                 .
                 27
              
            
          
           
             D
             
               
                 Drusus
                 :
                 his
                 hard
                 fortune
                 .
                 32
                 he
                 is
                 slaine
                 .
                 34.
                 his
                 repulse
                 is
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 Italian
                 warre
                 .
                 38
              
            
          
           
             F
             
               
                 Ful.
                 Flaccus
                 a
                 rebellious
                 Senator
                 slaine
                 .
                 26
              
            
          
           
             G
             
               
                 A.
                 Gabinius
                 :
                 after
                 a
                 prosperous
                 fight
                 he
                 is
                 slaine
                 .
                 23
              
               
                 C.
                 Gracchus
                 :
                 he
                 is
                 a
                 rebell
                 to
                 the
                 state
                 .
                 25.
                 his
                 seditious
                 actes
                 .
                 26.
                 he
                 is
                 beheaded
                 .
                 27
              
            
          
           
             I
             
               
                 Italie
                 :
                 the
                 Italian
                 warre
                 .
                 15
              
            
          
           
             L
             
               
                 M.
                 Lepidus
                 :
                 the
                 dissention
                 of
                 Lepidus
                 and
                 Catulus
                 .
                 16
              
            
          
           
             M
             
               
                 C.
                 Marius
                 :
                 the
                 contention
                 betwixt
                 him
                 and
                 Silla
                 .
                 15.
                 he
                 besiegeth
                 the
                 Capitall
                 .
                 31
                 he
                 putteth
                 the
                 conspiratours
                 to
                 death
                 .
                 ibid.
                 he
                 destroyeth
                 Saturninus
                 his
                 house
                 .
                 ibid.
                 he
                 taketh
                 Iugurtha
                 by
                 Sillaes
                 meanes
                 .
                 28.
                 his
                 3.
                 4.
                 5.
                 6.
                 
                 Consulships
                 .
                 29.
                 his
                 great
                 victorie
                 against
                 the
                 Cimbrians
                 .
                 ibid.
                 he
                 is
                 in
                 high
                 reputation
                 .
                 34.
                 he
                 putteth
                 Vettius
                 Cato
                 .
                 to
                 flight
                 .
                 52.
                 he
                 fighteth
                 equally
                 with
                 the
                 Marsians
                 .
                 53.
                 he
                 is
                 disliked
                 by
                 the
                 Consul
                 Portius
                 .
                 54.
                 his
                 ambition
                 .
                 59.
                 his
                 extreame
                 miserie
                 ,
                 60.
                 a
                 captiue
                 slaue
                 is
                 sent
                 to
                 kill
                 him
                 .
                 61.
                 the
                 Minturnians
                 are
                 friends
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 ibid.
                 being
                 recalled
                 from
                 banishment
                 he
                 entreth
                 the
                 Citie
                 .
                 64.
                 
                 Octauius
                 is
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 by
                 his
                 crueltie
                 .
                 65.
                 he
                 dieth
                 .
                 67
              
               
                 Mancinus
                 :
                 his
                 punishment
                 for
                 breaking
                 truce
                 .
                 20
              
               
                 Metellus
                 :
                 he
                 opposeth
                 himselfe
                 against
                 Saturninus
                 .
                 30
                 he
                 committeth
                 himselfe
                 to
                 voluntarie
                 banishment
                 .
                 ibid
                 .
              
               
                 Metellus
                 his
                 speech
                 to
                 Casar
                 .
                 130
              
               
                 Merula
                 :
                 he
                 cutteth
                 in
                 peeces
                 his
                 owne
                 veine
                 .
                 65
              
               
                 Mithridates
                 an
                 enemie
                 to
                 the
                 Romanes
                 .
              
               
                 15.
                 58
                 Numa
              
            
          
           
           
             N
             
               
                 Numa
                 religious
                 .
                 8
              
               
                 Numantia
                 :
                 the
                 Numantine
                 warre
                 .
                 20
              
            
          
           
             O
             
               
                 Octauius
                 his
                 request
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 .
                 177.
                 he
                 reconcileth
                 himselfe
                 to
                 M.
                 Antonius
                 &
                 M.
                 Lepidus
                 .
                 ibid.
                 M.
                 Cicero
                 doth
                 greatly
                 commeend
                 him
                 .
                 178.
                 he
                 taketh
                 Clodia
                 to
                 wife
                 .
                 179.
                 he
                 besiegeth
                 Perusia
                 .
                 190.
                 he
                 fighteth
                 with
                 Sex.
                 Pompeius
                 .
                 191.
                 he
                 readeth
                 the
                 testament
                 of
                 M.
                 Antonius
                 .
                 192.
                 he
                 sacrificeth
                 all
                 the
                 Pinasses
                 which
                 he
                 hath
                 taken
                 to
                 Apollo
                 .
                 195.
                 he
                 buildeth
                 Nicopolis
                 .
                 196.
                 the
                 Romanes
                 plant
                 a
                 bay
                 tree
                 before
                 his
                 doore
                 .
                 200
              
               
                 Opimius
                 his
                 proclamation
                 .
                 26
              
            
          
           
             P
             
               
                 C.
                 Perperna
                 discharged
                 C.
                 of
                 his
                 lieuetnancie
                 .
                 52
              
               
                 Asinius
                 Pollio
                 :
                 the
                 praise
                 of
                 him
                 .
                 190
              
               
                 Cn.
                 Pampeius
                 Strabo
                 :
                 his
                 victories
                 .
                 55.
                 he
                 triumpheth
                 .
                 56.
                 his
                 dissembling
                 and
                 vnconstancie
                 .
                 63.
                 a
                 great
                 fight
                 betwixt
                 him
                 and
                 Cinna
                 .
                 64
              
               
                 Cn.
                 Pompeius
                 Magnus
                 :
                 his
                 great
                 dignitie
                 in
                 Rome
                 .
                 16
                 Caesar
                 cannot
                 brooke
                 it
                 .
                 ibid.
                 he
                 &
                 Q.
                 Catulus
                 fight
                 with
                 Lepidus
                 and
                 ouercome
                 him
                 .
                 77.
                 
                 Mithridates
                 is
                 ouerthrowne
                 by
                 Pompey
                 .
                 106.
                 he
                 entreth
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Ierusalem
                 .
                 ibid.
                 he
                 is
                 honoured
                 with
                 a
                 triple
                 triumph
                 .
                 107.
                 he
                 matcheth
                 with
                 Iulia
                 Caesars
                 daughter
                 .
                 109.
                 his
                 Presidentship
                 in
                 Spaine
                 proroguid
                 .
                 121.
                 he
                 is
                 appointed
                 by
                 the
                 Senate
                 generall
                 against
                 Caesar
                 .
                 127.
                 
                 Domitius
                 flyeth
                 to
                 Pompey
                 .
                 128
                 the
                 forreiners
                 which
                 were
                 readie
                 in
                 armes
                 for
                 the
                 assitance
                 of
                 him
                 .
                 132.
                 his
                 oration
                 to
                 his
                 souldiers
                 .
                 134.
                 he
                 putteth
                 Caesar
                 to
                 flight
                 .
                 138
                 he
                 marshalleth
                 his
                 armie
                 .
                 139.
                 he
                 flyeth
                 to
                 Larissa
                 .
                 144
                 he
                 trauelleth
                 to
                 AEgypt
                 .
                 146.
                 he
                 is
                 slaine
                 by
                 the
                 AEgyptians
                 .
                 147
              
               
                 Popedius
                 .
                 Silo
                 Popedius
                 a
                 naturall
                 enemie
                 to
                 the
                 Romans
                 .
                 40.
                 his
                 oration
                 to
                 the
                 Marsians
                 .
                 41.
                 he
                 is
                 slaine
                 .
                 55
              
               
                 Pyrrhus
                 fighting
                 against
                 the
                 Romanes
                 .
                 10
              
            
          
           
             R
             
               
                 Rome
                 built
                 .
                 6
              
               
               
                 Romanes
                 :
                 the
                 Romanes
                 made
                 wanton
                 by
                 prosperitie
                 19.
                 the
                 Romane
                 Embassadors
                 are
                 despised
                 of
                 Hanniball
                 .
                 44
                 the
                 Athenians
                 faithfull
                 to
                 the
                 Romans
                 .
                 67.
                 the
                 solemnitie
                 which
                 the
                 Romanes
                 vsed
                 in
                 their
                 proceeding
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 .
                 89.
                 treacherie
                 against
                 the
                 Romanes
                 in
                 Fraunce
                 .
                 119.
                 what
                 thing
                 a
                 triumph
                 was
                 amongst
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 performed
                 .
                 151.
                 they
                 bestow
                 many
                 honors
                 vpon
                 Caesar
                 .
                 166
              
               
                 Romulus
                 eagrest
                 in
                 fight
                 .
                 8
                 Romulus
                 &
                 Remus
                 bastards
                 .
                 42.
                 nourished
                 by
                 a
                 wolfe
                 .
                 ibid.
                 Remus
                 is
                 slaine
                 by
                 Romulus
                 .
                 43
              
               
                 P.
                 Rutilius
                 is
                 slaine
                 .
                 52
              
            
          
           
             S
             
               
                 Saturninus
                 :
                 he
                 causeth
                 C.
                 Memmius
                 to
                 be
                 slain
                 .
                 31.
                 his
                 house
                 is
                 destroyed
                 by
                 Marias
                 .
                 ibid.
                 he
                 is
                 a
                 brocher
                 of
                 sedition
                 .
                 30.
                 
                 Q.
                 Metellus
                 opposeth
                 himselfe
                 against
                 him
                 .
                 ibid.
                 Marius
                 fauoreth
                 Saturninus
                 .
                 ibid
                 .
              
               
                 Saguntines
                 :
                 the
                 miserable
                 famine
                 of
                 the
                 Saguntines
                 .
                 44
              
               
                 Sabines
                 :
                 the
                 rape
                 of
                 the
                 Sabine
                 virgins
                 .
                 43
              
               
                 P.
                 Scipio
                 Affricanus
                 the
                 elder
                 his
                 valor
                 .
                 18
              
               
                 P.
                 Scipio
                 Affricanus
                 the
                 younger
                 :
                 his
                 prowesse
                 .
                 18.
                 he
                 is
                 sent
                 backe
                 into
                 Spaine
                 .
                 24.
                 he
                 surpriseth
                 Numantia
                 .
                 ibid.
                 he
                 is
                 found
                 dead
                 in
                 his
                 bed
                 .
                 25
                 his
                 body
                 is
                 brought
                 out
                 into
                 the
                 streete
                 .
                 ibid
                 .
              
               
                 Scipio
                 Nasica
                 :
                 his
                 familie
                 .
                 22
                 he
                 opposeth
                 himself
                 to
                 Gracchus
                 .
                 ibid
                 .
              
               
                 Seruius
                 taxeth
                 the
                 Romanes
                 by
                 poles
                 .
                 8
              
               
                 Seruitins
                 :
                 he
                 is
                 Proconsull
                 and
                 is
                 slaine
                 by
                 the
                 commotioners
                 of
                 Italy
                 .
                 38
              
               
                 Sertorius
                 :
                 he
                 leuieth
                 armes
                 in
                 Spaine
                 .
                 77.
                 he
                 feareth
                 Pompey
                 .
                 106.
                 
                 Liuius
                 Salinator
                 the
                 Lieutenant
                 of
                 Sertorius
                 is
                 slaine
                 .
                 77.
                 
                 Sertorius
                 is
                 slaine
                 .
                 79
              
               
                 Spartacus
                 :
                 he
                 being
                 a
                 fenceplayer
                 doth
                 encounter
                 the
                 army
                 of
                 the
                 Consuls
                 .
                 81.
                 he
                 taketh
                 the
                 citie
                 of
                 the
                 Thurians
                 .
                 ibid.
                 M.
                 Crassus
                 appointed
                 for
                 the
                 vvarre
                 against
                 him
                 .
                 82
              
               
                 Sulpitius
                 :
                 he
                 bringeth
                 the
                 Marrucines
                 to
                 obedience
                 .
                 55
              
               
                 Sulpitius
                 :
                 a
                 seditious
                 Tribune
                 altereth
                 the
                 state
                 .
                 59.
                 murder
                 is
                 committed
                 by
                 him
                 .
                 ibid
                 .
              
               
                 L.
                 Sylla
                 :
                 his
                 victorie
                 Samnites
                 .
                 
                 55.
                 he
                 killeth
                 Cluentius
                 .
                 ibid.
                 he
                 is
                 made
                 Consull
                 .
                 57
                 his
                 contrarie
                 nature
                 .
                 ibid.
                 his
                 descent
                 .
                 ibid.
                 he
                 besiegeth
                 Nola.
                 58.
                 his
                 reuenge
                 vpon
                 the
                 seditious
                 .
                 60.
                 his
                 hard
                 conditions
                 of
                 peace
                 concluded
                 with
                 Mithridates
                 .
                 68
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Parthia
                 sendeth
                 Embassadors
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 ibid.
                 he
                 passeth
                 quietly
                 through
                 Italy
                 .
                 69.
                 he
                 dismisseth
                 Sertorius
                 without
                 hurt
                 .
                 70.
                 he
                 fighteth
                 with
                 Telesinus
                 a
                 Samnite
                 .
                 71.
                 
                 C.
                 Marius
                 the
                 yoonger
                 is
                 slaine
                 by
                 his
                 souldiers
                 .
                 72.
                 he
                 vsurpeth
                 the
                 Dictatorship
                 .
                 ibid.
                 he
                 causeth
                 the
                 souldiers
                 of
                 Praeneste
                 to
                 be
                 slaine
                 .
                 73.
                 he
                 putteth
                 in
                 practise
                 proscription
                 .
                 73.
                 
                 M.
                 Marius
                 is
                 slaine
                 by
                 him
                 .
                 74.
                 his
                 rage
                 against
                 Pletorius
                 .
                 ibid.
                 the
                 ashes
                 of
                 C.
                 Marcus
                 throwne
                 into
                 a
                 riuer
                 by
                 Sylla
                 .
                 75.
                 he
                 dieth
                 .
                 ibid
                 .
              
            
          
           
             T
             
               
                 Tarquin
                 banished
                 .
                 1.
                 his
                 ornaments
                 .
                 8.
                 proud
                 Tarquin
                 occasioner
                 of
                 libertie
                 .
                 9
              
               
                 Treuirate
                 :
                 a
                 Treuirate
                 first
                 made
                 in
                 Rome
                 .
                 21
              
               
                 Tullus
                 an
                 artificiall
                 Captaine
                 .
                 8
              
            
          
           
             V
             
               
                 Viriathus
                 an
                 enemie
                 to
                 the
                 Romanes
                 .
                 19
              
            
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           
             
               
                 Faults
                 .
              
               
                 Pag.
                 
              
               
                 Correction
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Monarchies
                 .
              
               
                 Pag.
                 4.
                 
              
               
                 Monarches
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Cloaetia
                 .
              
               
                 pag.
                 9.
                 
              
               
                 Cloaelia
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Massitus
                 .
              
               
                 pag.
                 10.
                 
              
               
                 Massicus
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 couldes
                 .
              
               
                 pag.
                 10.
                 
              
               
                 clouds
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Glancias
                 .
              
               
                 pag.
                 31.
                 
              
               
                 Glaucias
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Eguatius
                 .
              
               
                 pag.
                 52.
                 
              
               
                 Eguatius
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Staria
                 .
              
               
                 pag.
                 53.
                 
              
               
                 Stabia
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Petiani
                 .
              
               
                 pag.
                 55.
                 
              
               
                 Peligni
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Talentia
                 .
              
               
                 pag.
                 78.
                 
              
               
                 Valentia
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Enomaus
                 .
              
               
                 pag
                 80.
                 
              
               
                 Enomaus
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Consulians
                 .
              
               
                 pag.
                 92.
                 
              
               
                 Consularians
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 it
                 greeueth
                 my
                 hart
                 .
              
               
                 pag.
                 100.
                 
              
               
                 it
                 grateth
                 my
                 hart
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 the
                 Pictons
                 .
              
               
                 pag.
                 119.
                 
              
               
                 the
                 Pictons
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 the
                 Tureus
                 .
              
               
                 pag.
                 120.
                 
              
               
                 the
                 Turens
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 the
                 Audians
                 .
              
               
                 pag.
                 120.
                 
              
               
                 the
                 Andians
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Achilles
                 .
              
               
                 pag.
                 147.
                 
              
               
                 Achillas
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 aggrauate
                 .
              
               
                 pag.
                 173.
                 
              
               
                 arrogate
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Atia
                 was
                 .
              
               
                 pag.
                 176.
                 
              
               
                 Atia
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
      
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A01289-e920
           
             Tarquin
             banished
             .
          
           
             Rome
             built
             .
          
           
             Romulus
             eagrest
             in
             sight
             .
          
           
             Numa
             religious
             .
          
           
             Tullus
             an
             artificiall
             Captaine
             .
          
           
             Aucus
             a
             great
             builder
             
          
           
             Tarquinius
             his
             ornamēts
             
          
           
             Seruius
             taxeth
             the
             Romanes
             by
             polles
             .
          
           
             Proud
             Tarquine
             occasioner
             of
             libertie
             .
          
           
             The
             speedie
             war
             of
             Cincinnatus
             .
          
           
             The
             praise
             of
             Cāpania
             .
          
           
             Pyrrhus
             fighting
             against
             the
             Romans
             .
          
           
             The
             beginning
             of
             the
             second
             Carthaginiā
             war.
             
          
           
             The
             Italian
             warre
             .
          
           
             Mithridates
             an
             enemy
             to
             the
             Romans
             .
          
           
             The
             contention
             betwixt
             Marius
             and
             Sylla
             .
          
           
             The
             dissention
             of
             Lepidus
             and
             Catulus
             .
          
           
             Catilines
             rebellion
             .
          
           
             Pompeyes
             great
             dignity
             in
             Rome
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             cānot
             brooke
             it
             .
          
           
             The
             valor
             of
             the
             former
             Scipio
             .
          
           
             The
             prowesse
             of
             the
             later
             Scipio
             .
          
           
             The
             Romans
             made
             〈◊〉
             by
             prosperity
             
          
           
             Viriathus
             an
             enemy
             to
             the
             Romanes
             .
          
           
             The
             Numantine
             warre
             .
          
           
             Pompey
             enforced
             to
             strange
             leagues
             by
             the
             Numantines
             .
          
           
             The
             punishment
             of
             Mācinus
             for
             breaking
             truce
             .
          
           
             The
             parents
             of
             Ti.
             Gracchus
             .
          
           
             The
             praise
             of
             Ti.
             Gracchus
             
          
           
             Gracchus
             swarueth
             frō
             vertue
             .
          
           
             A
             Treuirate
             first
             made
             in
             Rome
             .
          
           
             The
             familie
             of
             Scipio
             Nasica
             .
          
           
             Scipio
             Nasica
             opposeth
             himselfe
             to
             Gracchus
             .
          
           
             Ti.
             Gracchus
             slaine
             .
          
           
             Scipio
             is
             sent
             into
             Spaine
             .
          
           
             Scipio
             taketh
             Numantia
             .
          
           
             Scipio
             found
             dead
             in
             his
             bed
             .
          
           
             Scipios
             body
             is
             brought
             out
             into
             the
             streetes
             .
          
           
             C.
             Gracchus
             a
             rebell
             to
             the
             state
             .
          
           
             The
             seditious
             acts
             of
             C.
             Gracchus
             .
          
           
             Ful.
             Flaccus
             a
             rebellious
             Senatour
             slaine
             .
          
           
             Opimius
             his
             proclamatiō
             
          
           
             C
             Gracchus
             beheaded
             .
          
           
             Cornelia
             lamenteth
             her
             children
             .
          
           
             C.
             Marius
             taketh
             Iugurtha
             by
             Sylla
             his
             meanes
             .
          
           
             C.
             Marius
             his
             third
             Consulship
             .
          
           
             His
             fourth
             Consulship
             .
          
           
             His
             fifth
             Cōsulship
             .
          
           
             Marius
             his
             great
             victorie
             which
             he
             had
             against
             the
             Cimbrians
             .
          
           
             C.
             Marius
             his
             sixth
             Consulship
             .
          
           
             Saturninus
             a
             broacher
             of
             sedition
             .
          
           
             Q.
             Metellus
             opposeth
             himselfe
             against
             Saturninus
             .
          
           
             Marius
             fauoureth
             the
             lawe
             of
             Saturninus
             .
          
           
             Metellus
             cōmitteth
             himselfe
             to
             voluntarie
             banishment
             .
          
           
             Saturninus
             causeth
             C.
             Memmius
             to
             be
             slaine
             .
          
           
             C.
             Marius
             besiegeth
             the
             Capitol
             .
          
           
             C.
             Marius
             putteth
             the
             conspirators
             to
             death
             .
          
           
             Saturninus
             his
             house
             destroyed
             by
             Marius
             .
          
           
             The
             hard
             fortune
             of
             Drusus
             .
          
           
             Drusus
             is
             slaine
             .
          
           
             C.
             Marius
             in
             high
             reputation
             .
          
           
             The
             Italian
             warre
             first
             attempted
             by
             the
             Marsians
             
          
           
             The
             repulse
             of
             Drusus
             the
             beginning
             of
             the
             Italian
             warre
             .
          
           
             Seruilius
             Proconsull
             slaine
             by
             the
             cōmotioners
             of
             Italie
             .
          
           
             Silo
             Popedius
             a
             naturall
             enemy
             to
             the
             Romans
             .
          
           
             Silo
             Popedius
             his
             oration
             to
             the
             Marsians
             .
          
           
             Romulus
             &
             Remus
             bastards
             .
          
           
             Nourished
             by
             a
             wolfe
             .
          
           
             Remus
             is
             slaine
             by
             Romulus
             .
          
           
             The
             rape
             of
             the
             Sabine
             virgins
             .
          
           
             The
             Romane
             embassadors
             are
             despised
             of
             Hānibal
             .
          
           
             The
             miserable
             famin
             of
             the
             Sagūtines
             .
          
           
             Masinissa
             quarelleth
             with
             the
             Carthaginians
             .
          
           
             Scipio
             sent
             as
             vmpier
             betwixt
             Masinissa
             &
             the
             Carthaginiās
             .
          
           
             The
             Citie
             of
             Carthage
             burnt
             .
          
           
             C.
             Perperna
             discharged
             of
             his
             Lieutenancie
             .
          
           
             Q
             Caepio
             slaine
             .
          
           
             P.
             Rutilius
             slaine
             .
          
           
             C.
             Marius
             putteth
             Vettius
             Cato
             to
             flight
             .
          
           
             C.
             Marius
             fought
             equally
             against
             the
             Marsians
             .
          
           
             C.
             Marius
             disliked
             by
             the
             Consul
             Portius
             .
          
           
             Syllaes
             victore
             against
             the
             Sānites
             .
          
           
             Cn.
             Pomp.
             Strabo
             his
             victories
             .
          
           
             Sylla
             killeth
             Cluentius
             .
          
           
             A.
             Gabinius
             after
             a
             prosperous
             fight
             is
             slaine
             .
          
           
             Sulpitius
             bringeth
             the
             Marrucini
             to
             obedience
             .
          
           
             Popedius
             is
             slaine
             .
          
           
             Portius
             Cato
             slaine
             .
          
           
             Ca.
             Pōpeius
             Strabo
             triumpheth
             .
          
           
             Sylla
             is
             made
             Consul
             .
          
           
             Sylla
             his
             cōtrary
             nature
             
          
           
             His
             discent
             .
          
           
             Mithridates
             an
             enemy
             to
             the
             Romans
             .
          
           
             Sylla
             besiegeth
             Nola.
             
          
           
             Sulpitius
             a
             seditious
             Tribune
             altereth
             the
             state
             
          
           
             The
             ambitiō
             of
             Marius
             .
          
           
             Murder
             committed
             by
             Sulpitius
             .
          
           
             Syllaes
             reuenge
             vpon
             the
             seditious
             
          
           
             The
             extreme
             miserie
             of
             C.
             Marius
             .
          
           
             A
             captiue
             slaue
             sent
             to
             kill
             Marius
             .
          
           
             The
             Minturniās
             friends
             to
             Marius
             .
          
           
             Q
             Pompeius
             slaine
             .
          
           
             Cinna
             beginneth
             a
             new
             broyle
             .
          
           
             Cinna
             is
             expulsed
             the
             City
             .
          
           
             Cinna
             is
             made
             Captaine
             of
             a
             seditious
             army
             .
          
           
             Cinna
             calleth
             C.
             Marius
             and
             his
             sonne
             from
             banishment
             .
          
           
             Cn.
             Pompeius
             father
             to
             Pompey
             the
             great
             his
             dissembling
             and
             vnconstancy
             .
          
           
             A
             great
             fight
             betwixt
             Cinna
             and
             Cn.
             Pōpeius
             
          
           
             Cinna
             entreth
             the
             city
             
          
           
             C.
             Marius
             recalled
             frō
             banishment
             ,
             entreth
             the
             citie
             .
          
           
             Octauius
             put
             to
             death
             by
             the
             crueltie
             of
             Marius
             
          
           
             Merula
             cutteth
             in
             peeces
             his
             owne
             veines
             .
          
           
             M
             Antonius
             the
             Oratour
             put
             to
             death
             by
             Marius
             &
             Cinna
             .
          
           
             Q.
             Catulus
             cause
             of
             his
             owne
             death
             .
          
           
             C.
             Marius
             dieth
             .
          
           
             The
             Athenians
             faithfull
             to
             the
             Romanes
             .
          
           
             Silla
             his
             hard
             conditions
             of
             peace
             cōcluded
             with
             Mithridates
             .
          
           
             The
             king
             of
             Parthia
             sendeth
             Ambassadours
             to
             Sylla
             .
          
           
             Cinna
             is
             slaine
             .
          
           
             Sylla
             passeth
             quietly
             thorough
             Italie
             .
          
           
             Sylla
             dismisseth
             Sertorious
             without
             hurt
             .
          
           
             Silla
             fighteth
             with
             Telesinus
             a
             Samnite
             .
          
           
             C.
             Marius
             the
             younger
             is
             slaine
             by
             Syllaes
             soul
             diers
             .
          
           
             Sylla
             vsurpeth
             the
             Dictatorship
             .
          
           
             Silla
             causeth
             the
             souldiers
             of
             Preneste
             to
             be
             slaine
             .
          
           
             Proscription
             put
             in
             practise
             by
             Sylla
             
          
           
             M.
             Marius
             slain
             by
             Silla
             .
          
           
             Sylla
             his
             rage
             against
             M.
             Pletorius
             .
          
           
             The
             ashes
             of
             C.
             Marius
             thrown
             into
             a
             riuer
             by
             Sylla
             .
          
           
             Sylla
             dyeth
             .
          
           
             Debate
             betwixt
             Lepidus
             and
             Catulus
             Consuls
             touching
             the
             decrees
             of
             Sylla
             .
          
           
             Cn.
             Pompeius
             Magnus
             and
             Q.
             Catulus
             fight
             with
             Lepidus
             and
             ouercame
             him
             .
          
           
             Sertorius
             leuieth
             armies
             in
             Spaine
             .
          
           
             Liuius
             Salinator
             the
             Lieutenant
             of
             Sertorius
             slaine
             .
          
           
             Sertorius
             is
             slaine
             .
          
           
             Spartacus
             a
             fence-plaier
             ,
             doth
             encounter
             the
             army
             of
             the
             Consuls
             .
          
           
             Spartacus
             taketh
             the
             citie
             of
             the
             Thurians
             .
          
           
             M.
             Crassus
             appointed
             for
             the
             warre
             against
             Spartacus
             .
          
           
             Cicero
             called
             Pater
             patriae
             .
          
           
             Catiline
             his
             qualities
             .
          
           
             The
             linage
             of
             Catiline
             .
          
           
             Catiline
             killeth
             his
             own
             sonne
             .
          
           
             Catiline
             greatly
             indebted
             .
          
           
             Catiline
             forbidden
             to
             make
             sure
             for
             the
             Consulship
             .
          
           
             The
             solemnitie
             which
             the
             Romans
             vsed
             in
             their
             proceeding
             to
             the
             Senate
             
          
           
             Cicero
             his
             Oration
             against
             Catiline
             .
          
           
             Catiline
             his
             impudent
             answer
             to
             Cicero
             .
          
           
             The
             linage
             of
             M.
             Cato
             .
          
           
             The
             praise
             of
             M.
             Cato
             .
          
           
             C.
             Caesar
             inclined
             to
             sedition
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A01289-e2650
           
             Sertorius
             feareth
             Pōpey
             .
          
           
             Mithridates
             ouerthrown
             by
             Pompey
             .
             Pompey
             entred
             the
             tēple
             of
             Ierusalem
             .
          
           
             Pompey
             honored
             with
             a
             triple
             triumph
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             his
             originall
             .
          
           
             Caesars
             death
             sought
             for
             by
             Sillaes
             officers
             .
          
           
             Pompey
             marrieth
             with
             Iulia
             Caesars
             daughter
             .
          
           
             Clodius
             Tribune
             of
             the
             people
             becommeth
             seditious
             .
          
           
             Clodius
             seeketh
             to
             reuenge
             himselfe
             vpon
             Cicero
             .
          
           
             Clodius
             infamous
             for
             adulterie
             with
             Pompeia
             Caesars
             wife
             .
          
           
             Clodius
             infamous
             for
             incest
             with
             his
             sisters
             .
          
           
             Clodius
             cōdemned
             by
             Senate
             .
          
           
             Cicero
             mourneth
             .
          
           
             Cicero
             committeth
             himselfe
             to
             voluntarie
             exile
             .
          
           
             A
             sharpe
             law
             made
             concerning
             Cicero
             his
             banishment
             .
          
           
             Cicero
             recalled
             from
             banishment
             .
          
           
             Clodius
             persisteth
             to
             be
             an
             enemie
             to
             Cicero
             .
          
           
             Clodius
             burneth
             ,
             the
             house
             of
             Q.
             Cicero
             .
          
           
             Clodius
             threatneth
             death
             to
             Sanctia
             .
          
           
             Clodius
             is
             slaine
             by
             Milo.
             
          
           
             The
             Heluetians
             flye
             before
             Caesar
             .
          
           
             The
             Heluetians
             ouercome
             by
             Caesar
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             pursueth
             battell
             against
             Ariouista
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             fighteth
             against
             the
             Belgians
             &
             Neruians
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             ouerthroweth
             the
             Germaines
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             burneth
             the
             villages
             of
             the
             Sicambrians
             
          
           
             Caesar
             ouer
             commeth
             the
             Brittains
             
          
           
             Caesar
             recōciled
             to
             the
             Britaines
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             renueth
             his
             war
             against
             the
             Britaines
             .
          
           
             The
             Eburons
             ouercome
             by
             Caesar
             .
          
           
             Treacherie
             against
             the
             Romanes
             in
             Fraunce
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             his
             reuenge
             vpon
             the
             rebels
             .
          
           
             Pompey
             his
             Presidentship
             in
             Spain
             proroged
             .
          
           
             A
             decree
             made
             by
             the
             Senate
             ,
             that
             Caesar
             shold
             dismisse
             his
             armie
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             is
             incensed
             by
             Curio
             against
             the
             Senate
             .
          
           
             The
             passionate
             speech
             of
             Caesar
             against
             the
             Senate
             .
          
           
             Pompey
             is
             appointed
             by
             the
             Senat
             Generall
             against
             Caesar
             
          
           
             Caesar
             pardoneth
             Domitius
             .
          
           
             Domitius
             flyeth
             to
             Pompey
             .
          
           
             Metellus
             his
             speech
             to
             Caesar
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             seizeth
             the
             treasurie
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             marcheth
             toward
             Spaine
             .
          
           
             The
             forreiners
             which
             were
             readie
             in
             armes
             for
             the
             assistāce
             of
             Pompey
             .
          
           
             The
             straungers
             which
             were
             assistāt
             to
             Caesar
             .
          
           
             Pompey
             his
             oration
             to
             his
             souldiers
             
          
           
             Pompey
             putteth
             Caesar
             to
             flight
             .
          
           
             M.
             Antonius
             helpeth
             Caesar
             .
          
           
             Pompey
             marshalleth
             his
             armie
             .
          
           
             The
             Caesarians
             giue
             the
             first
             assault
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             his
             speech
             to
             Domitius
             .
          
           
             Pompey
             flieth
             to
             Larissa
             .
          
           
             The
             dreams
             and
             visions
             of
             the
             Caesarians
             .
          
           
             Pompey
             trauelleth
             to
             Egypt
             .
          
           
             Pompey
             is
             beheaded
             by
             the
             Egyptiās
             
          
           
             Caesar
             entertained
             of
             Cleopatra
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             is
             assaulted
             by
             the
             king
             of
             Egypt
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             swimmeth
             in
             the
             riuer
             of
             Nilus
             
          
           
             Caesar
             addresseth
             against
             Pharnaces
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             putteth
             Pharnaces
             to
             flight
             .
          
           
             M.
             Cato
             killeth
             himselfe
             
          
           
             Caesar
             encountreth
             P.
             Scipio
             .
          
           
             What
             thing
             a
             triumph
             was
             amongst
             the
             Romans
             &
             how
             performed
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             his
             triumphs
             described
             .
          
           
             Caesars
             first
             triumph
             .
          
           
             Caesars
             second
             triūph
             .
          
           
             Caesars
             third
             triumph
             .
          
           
             Caesars
             fourth
             triumph
             .
          
           
             Salustes
             oration
             to
             Caesar
             .
          
           
             Pompey
             could
             not
             brooke
             an
             equall
             .
          
           
             The
             great
             honors
             bestowed
             vpon
             Caesar
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             fighteth
             with
             Cn.
             Pōpeius
             the
             younger
             at
             the
             citie
             of
             Siuill
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A01289-e3650
           
             The
             Romans
             bestow
             many
             honors
             vpon
             Caesar
             .
          
           
             The
             causes
             of
             the
             conspiracie
             bent
             against
             Caesar
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             is
             slaine
             in
             the
             Senat-house
             
          
           
             M
             ▪
             Antonius
             is
             spared
             at
             the
             time
             whē
             Caesar
             is
             slaine
             .
          
           
             The
             law
             Portia
             broken
             by
             the
             killing
             of
             Caesar
             .
          
           
             The
             law
             Cornelia
             broken
             by
             the
             killing
             of
             Caesar
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             his
             bodie
             is
             transported
             to
             Cāpus
             Martius
             .
          
           
             The
             Senate
             incensed
             against
             M.
             Antonius
             .
          
           
             Octauius
             becommeth
             an
             enemie
             to
             Antonius
             .
          
           
             D.
             Brutus
             suffereth
             himself
             to
             be
             besieged
             by
             Antonius
             .
          
           
             M.
             Antonius
             sighteth
             with
             Pansa
             .
          
           
             M.
             Cicero
             doth
             greatly
             commend
             Octauius
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             taketh
             Clodia
             to
             wife
             .
          
           
             D
             Brutus
             is
             slaine
             .
          
           
             Antonius
             writeth
             cō
             tumelious
             letters
             to
             Brutus
             &
             Cassius
             .
          
           
             Cicero
             is
             put
             to
             death
             .
          
           
             Fuluiaes
             despiteful
             dealing
             with
             Ciceroes
             tong
             .
          
           
             Caesar
             besiegeth
             Perusia
             
          
           
             The
             praise
             of
             Asinius
             Pollio
             .
          
           
             Octauius
             Caesar
             fighteth
             with
             Sex.
             Pōpeius
             
          
           
             Octauius
             readeth
             the
             testament
             of
             M.
             Antonius
             .
          
           
             The
             testamēt
             of
             M.
             Antonius
             .
          
           
             Octauius
             Caesar
             sacrifiseth
             all
             the
             Pinnases
             to
             Apollo
             .
          
           
             Octauius
             buildeth
             Nicopolis
             .
          
           
             Cleopatra
             killed
             by
             Aspwormes
             .
          
           
             The
             Romans
             plant
             a
             bay
             tree
             before
             Octauius
             his
             doore
             ▪