Distant Reader - subject-roads-gutenberg

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-06-09 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader gutenberg process, and the input was the result of a query applied to a local mirror of Project Gutenberg -- facet_subject:"Roads". Then, for future reference, the results were saved to a Zip file complete with rudimentary bibliographics. The name of the file is input-file.zip. The Zip file was then unpacked and the contents saved to a cache as well as a directory of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 15 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 349,135 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 24,938 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 69. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

road, one, roads, will, old, may, great, way, two, miles, river, made, good, first, country, new, many, time, surface, water, place, now, land, us, along, side, day, much, stone, little, men, hill, st, must, found, part, well, every, west, north, three, house, use, valley, long, state, town, ohio, highways, church

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The Future of Road-making in America, The Old Road, and American Rural Highways.

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

old road, per cent, new york, united states, good roads, road surface, broken stone, one hundred, ohio river, fort cumberland, cumberland gap, either side, earth roads, highways transport, per mile, public highways, feet wide, cross section, years ago, national defense, two hundred, two miles, side ditches, fort duquesne, motor truck, road construction, north carolina, bedding course, six miles, transport committee, earth road, public ways, wilderness road, ordnance map, historic highways, hundred miles, hundred years, next morning, cumberland road, motor trucks, genesee road, bituminous material, great deal, new road, macadam road, hundred feet, five per, good road, wearing surface, new england

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are The Old Road American Rural Highways, and The Future of Road-making in America.

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

road, new, united, ohio, york, washington, virginia, states, river, mr., illustration, england, cumberland, creek, west, way, surface, state, st., pennsylvania, park, material, kentucky, john, indians, hill, highway, fort, canterbury, america, winchester, wey, water, walker, turnpike, truck, traffic, town, thomas, susquehanna, surrey, straits, stone, sir, roman, return, public, place, pilgrims, philadelphia

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be road, and The Rural Motor Express To Conserve Foodstuffs and Labor and to Supply Rural Transportation. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

road, roads, miles - The Road and the Roadside
road, old, surface - American Rural Highways
braddock, river, fort - Boone''s Wilderness Road
pilgrims, st, church - The Pilgrims'' Way from Winchester to Canterbury
listed, avail, firms - The Life of Thomas Telford, Civil Engineer With an Introductory History of Roads and Travelling in Great Britain

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

road, roads, way, miles, country, time, surface, water, land, place, day, side, stone, part, river, men, material, feet, course, town, traffic, line, highway, years, track, highways, church, man, house, year, work, horses, days, valley, people, point, use, trees, gravel, illustration, mile, name, route, soil, state, hill, ground, construction, earth, hills

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, was, are, have, were, had, been, has, made, found, used, do, said, being, make, came, go, passed, built, called, see, left, known, take, went, did, come, having, seen, given, get, find, followed, done, set, taken, employed, crossed, brought, keep, put, know, give, does, became, making, kept, got, lay

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

_, road, old, st., ohio, braddock, virginia, river, kentucky, new, canterbury, cumberland, west, england, fort, mr., indians, winchester, washington, hill, |, john, creek, pennsylvania, thomas, america, north, states, york, general, king, sir, macadam, united, state, london, boone, company, ., valley, march, park, itchen, french, house, county, c., south, colonel, gap

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, we, they, his, he, their, its, i, our, them, you, us, him, my, her, me, your, itself, himself, one, themselves, she, ourselves, myself, herself, yourself, mine, ours, thee, yours, y^e, thy, hers, yourselves, trodden, oneself, o, beautiful"--which

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

great, other, such, good, many, old, same, first, more, little, new, large, public, few, necessary, last, high, much, own, best, small, possible, general, long, important, several, proper, whole, early, western, certain, considerable, fine, better, present, short, common, modern, wide, indian, most, ancient, original, next, less, heavy, bad, roman, natural, greater

not, so, very, up, as, here, out, now, only, more, then, most, about, well, down, even, far, also, still, just, much, there, off, on, again, often, never, soon, back, always, first, almost, too, once, thus, therefore, long, away, usually, sometimes, however, together, perhaps, ever, probably, generally, in, nearly, further, over

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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