The character of the Protestants of Ireland impartially set forth in a letter, in answer to seven queries ... : with remarks upon the great charge England is like to be at with those people, and the destruction of that kingdom by famine, if not prevented.
         Halifax, George Savile, Marquis of, 1633-1695.
      
       
         
           1689
        
      
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             The character of the Protestants of Ireland impartially set forth in a letter, in answer to seven queries ... : with remarks upon the great charge England is like to be at with those people, and the destruction of that kingdom by famine, if not prevented.
             Halifax, George Savile, Marquis of, 1633-1695.
          
           [2], 30 p.
           
             Printed for Dorman Newman ...,
             London :
             1689.
          
           
             Attributed to George Halifax. Cf. Halkett & Laing (2nd ed.).
             Reproduction of original in Yale University Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Protestants -- Ireland.
           Ireland -- Economic conditions.
        
      
    
     
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           THE
           CHARACTER
           OF
           THE
           PROTESTANTS
           OF
           IRELAND
           ,
           Impartially
           set
           forth
           in
           a
           LETTER
           ,
           In
           Answer
           to
           Seven
           QUERIES
           ;
           Their
           Original
           ,
           Humour
           ,
           Interest
           ,
           Losses
           ,
           Present
           Condition
           ,
           Apprehensions
           ,
           and
           Resolutions
           .
           With
           Remarks
           upon
           the
           great
           Charge
           England
           is
           like
           to
           be
           at
           with
           those
           People
           ,
           and
           the
           Destruction
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           by
           Famine
           ,
           if
           not
           prevented
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           for
           
             Dorman
             Newman
          
           ,
           at
           the
           
             King's
             Arms
          
           in
           the
           Poultrey
           ,
           MDCLXXXIX
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           THE
           CHARACTER
           OF
           THE
           PROTESTANTS
           IN
           IRELAND
           ,
           Impartially
           set
           forth
           in
           a
           LETTER
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           
             SIR
             ,
          
        
         
           THat
           I
           have
           not
           sooner
           performed
           my
           Promise
           ,
           and
           your
           Commands
           ,
           has
           been
           the
           difficulty
           of
           your
           Injunctions
           ;
           which
           were
           ,
           That
           I
           should
           give
           a
           full
           Account
           of
           these
           
             Seven
             Particulars
          
           :
        
         
           First
           ,
           the
           Original
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           the
           Humour
           .
           Thirdly
           ,
           the
           Interest
           .
           Fourthly
           ,
           the
           Losses
           .
           Fifthly
           ,
           the
           present
           Condition
           .
           Sixthly
           ,
           the
           Apprehensions
           .
           And
           lastly
           ,
           the
           Resolutions
           for
           the
           
             future
             Settlement
          
           of
           the
           Gentlemen
           of
           Ireland
           .
        
         
           Since
           I
           undertook
           the
           Work
           ,
           I
           thought
           my self
           obliged
           to
           be
           as
           perfect
           in
           it
           ,
           as
           some
           few
           Weeks
           would
           admit
           ;
           but
           when
           I
           had
           spent
           some
           ,
           and
           almost
           as
           many
           as
           I
           designed
           for
           the
           whole
           ,
           I
           found
           my
           Weeks
           must
           be
           turned
           into
           Months
           ,
           and
           my
           Enquiry
           in
           London
           reach
           to
           Bristol
           ,
           and
           other
           parts
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           for
           that
           I
           found
           such
           different
           Accounts
           even
           in
           matter
           
           of
           Fact
           ,
           that
           I
           could
           not
           well
           depend
           upon
           any
           thing
           :
           And
           to
           say
           the
           truth
           ,
           at
           my
           first
           onset
           I
           was
           much
           discouraged
           by
           the
           diversity
           of
           Characters
           I
           received
           from
           them
           ,
           both
           of
           things
           and
           themselves
           ;
           which
           after
           some
           time
           ,
           I
           found
           might
           easily
           be
           reconciled
           ,
           as
           you
           will
           find
           in
           the
           sequel
           of
           this
           Discourse
           .
           But
           to
           detain
           you
           no
           longer
           ,
           in
           setting
           forth
           my
           Conduct
           in
           this
           Irish
           Travel
           ,
           I
           shall
           come
           to
           your
           Particulars
           :
        
         
           First
           ,
           As
           to
           the
           Original
           of
           those
           ,
           we
           most
           improperly
           call
           
             British
             Protestants
          
           ,
           who
           are
           of
           all
           Nations
           ,
           and
           might
           be
           rather
           ,
           with
           St.
           
             Iames
             ,
             the
             twelve
             Tribes
             scattered
             through
             the
             Earth
             .
          
           I
           have
           discoursed
           with
           
             Dutch
             ,
             French
             ,
             Germans
             ,
             Scotch
             ,
             Welsh
             ,
          
           and
           with
           as
           many
           born
           in
           our
           foreign
           
             Plantations
             ,
             New-England
             ,
             Virginia
             ,
             Barbadoes
             ,
          
           &c.
           
           And
           to
           complete
           this
           diversity
           among
           them
           ,
           those
           of
           our
           own
           Nation
           being
           of
           different
           Counties
           ,
           are
           so
           in
           their
           Humours
           ,
           as
           we
           know
           by
           experience
           among
           our selves
           .
        
         
           Now
           these
           Gentlemen
           of
           Ireland
           being
           composed
           ,
           or
           rather
           compact
           of
           such
           variety
           ,
           I
           do
           not
           wonder
           ,
           as
           most
           do
           ,
           that
           they
           are
           so
           dis-joint
           in
           their
           Affections
           and
           Representations
           of
           each
           other
           .
           A
           common
           Calamity
           is
           more
           equally
           considered
           by
           indifferent
           Persons
           ,
           than
           by
           them
           who
           lie
           under
           it
           ;
           for
           though
           it
           be
           common
           in
           the
           Affliction
           ,
           yet
           it
           is
           particular
           in
           the
           several
           Attempts
           of
           each
           to
           get
           out
           of
           it
           ;
           and
           the
           frailty
           of
           our
           Nature
           is
           apt
           to
           lead
           us
           beyond
           our
           Charity
           to
           our
           Neighbour
           ,
           when
           we
           want
           it
           our selves
           ;
           a
           Fault
           no
           ways
           to
           be
           extenuated
           ,
           yet
           too
           common
           ,
           and
           I
           fear
           too
           much
           the
           practice
           of
           some
           among
           these
           Gentlemen
           :
           But
           I
           have
           digressed
           .
           These
           several
           Nations
           and
           People
           I
           before
           mentioned
           ,
           are
           such
           as
           they
           
           call
           
             New
             Interest-Men
          
           ,
           and
           came
           into
           Ireland
           by
           and
           since
           
           Cromwel's
           Conquest
           ,
           after
           the
           Rebellion
           of
           
             Forty
             One.
          
           These
           Men
           ,
           though
           of
           such
           differing
           Interests
           among
           themselves
           ,
           yet
           are
           a
           joint
           Body
           and
           separate
           from
           the
           other
           Interest
           of
           the
           Protestant
           Party
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           which
           they
           call
           the
           
             Old
             Interest
          
           ;
           and
           they
           are
           the
           Off-spring
           of
           the
           several
           Soldiers
           and
           Adventurers
           ,
           since
           
           Strongbow's
           going
           into
           that
           Kingdom
           .
           These
           Men
           ,
           it
           seems
           ,
           thought
           their
           Interest
           infallible
           ;
           no
           questioning
           of
           their
           Title
           ,
           because
           it
           was
           the
           Forfeitures
           of
           several
           Rebellions
           in
           the
           time
           of
           Popery
           ,
           and
           of
           that
           in
           Queen
           
             Elizabeth's
             Reign
          
           ,
           when
           the
           Irish
           call'd
           in
           the
           Spaniards
           :
           But
           the
           Rebellion
           of
           
             Forty
             One
          
           they
           palliate
           with
           several
           Concessions
           and
           Articles
           made
           ,
           though
           they
           were
           ,
           when
           the
           
             Irish
             Saint
          
           (
           the
           then
           Duke
           of
           York
           )
           stood
           their
           Champion
           ,
           found
           frivolous
           .
           But
           these
           Gentlemen
           of
           the
           
             Old
             Interest
          
           ,
           I
           I
           find
           like
           our
           Welsh
           here
           ,
           value
           themselves
           above
           the
           other
           they
           call
           Cromwelists
           ;
           and
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           ,
           the
           Cromwelists
           look
           on
           them
           as
           mungreliz'd
           by
           the
           Irish
           ;
           among
           whom
           ,
           many
           of
           them
           have
           match'd
           ,
           and
           therefore
           in
           
           Cromwel's
           time
           not
           much
           trusted
           ;
           though
           now
           ,
           I
           think
           ,
           the
           New
           and
           
             Old
             Interest
          
           unite
           against
           the
           common
           Enemy
           :
           I
           mean
           without
           the
           least
           respect
           of
           Consanguinity
           or
           Affinity
           ,
           the
           
             Irish
             Papist
          
           being
           odious
           to
           them
           both
           .
        
         
           Thus
           in
           short
           (
           for
           I
           presume
           you
           expect
           not
           the
           Genealogy
           of
           the
           Protestants
           of
           Ireland
           )
           I
           have
           given
           you
           the
           present
           Interest
           and
           Place
           from
           whence
           they
           derive
           themselves
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           For
           the
           Humour
           and
           Disposition
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           I
           find
           them
           in
           their
           Religion
           much
           like
           us
           of
           England
           ,
           of
           different
           Persuasions
           ,
           yet
           not
           in
           any
           proportion
           
           with
           us
           for
           Dissenters
           :
           The
           North
           of
           Ireland
           being
           generally
           Scotch
           ,
           have
           most
           Presbyterians
           ,
           but
           in
           other
           parts
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           Dissenters
           are
           thin
           ;
           insomuch
           that
           in
           some
           is
           Counties
           not
           one
           Dissenting
           Meeting
           :
           And
           however
           they
           use
           one
           another
           in
           their
           Characters
           ,
           they
           shame
           us
           in
           one
           thing
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           in
           giving
           respect
           to
           their
           Clergy
           .
        
         
           They
           are
           of
           a
           generous
           temper
           ,
           and
           even
           now
           in
           their
           Wants
           ,
           may
           be
           seen
           to
           have
           been
           a
           People
           of
           great
           Hospitality
           ,
           lived
           in
           great
           Plenty
           ,
           and
           therefore
           the
           more
           unfit
           to
           undergo
           Want
           ;
           and
           if
           my
           Observation
           be
           right
           ,
           are
           apter
           to
           starve
           than
           complain
           ,
           and
           too
           haughty
           to
           undertake
           that
           they
           call
           a
           mean
           way
           of
           earning
           their
           living
           .
           I
           have
           discoursed
           with
           some
           that
           were
           but
           Farmers
           of
           Ten
           or
           Twenty
           pounds
           sterling
           a
           year
           ,
           whom
           I
           questioned
           how
           it
           chanced
           they
           were
           not
           gone
           in
           the
           Army
           for
           Ireland
           ;
           their
           answer
           was
           ,
           They
           could
           get
           no
           Command
           ,
           and
           they
           knew
           not
           how
           to
           live
           upon
           Six-pence
           a
           day
           ;
           but
           if
           they
           could
           have
           of
           their
           own
           Country
           to
           command
           them
           ,
           (
           for
           none
           else
           they
           think
           will
           fight
           ,
           )
           they
           would
           go
           over
           Voluntiers
           .
           This
           Spanish
           Humour
           I
           find
           in
           them
           ;
           but
           that
           which
           nourished
           it
           ,
           is
           that
           which
           the
           Spaniard
           wants
           ,
           plenty
           of
           Provisions
           both
           for
           Back
           and
           Belly
           .
           Such
           a
           Tenant
           ,
           as
           I
           mentioned
           before
           ,
           of
           
             Ten
             pounds
          
           a
           year
           ,
           lives
           better
           than
           a
           Free-holder
           in
           England
           of
           an
           
             Hundred
             pounds
          
           a
           year
           Estate
           ;
           keeps
           a
           couple
           of
           
             good
             Geldings
             in
             his
             Stable
          
           ,
           good
           Drink
           always
           in
           his
           Celler
           ,
           and
           better
           clad
           than
           our
           Yeomen
           of
           Kent
           .
           This
           may
           serve
           to
           shew
           the
           Humour
           and
           Disposition
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           and
           the
           cause
           of
           it
           ;
           only
           this
           I
           must
           add
           ,
           That
           I
           believe
           them
           a
           very
           stout
           and
           warlike
           People
           ,
           which
           is
           occasioned
           by
           their
           being
           like
           the
           Hungarians
           ,
           in
           continual
           
           Action
           ;
           the
           Irish
           being
           upon
           the
           least
           occasion
           up
           in
           Arms
           ,
           and
           running
           out
           Tories
           ,
           which
           the
           English
           are
           in
           continual
           hazard
           of
           ,
           and
           as
           furiously
           pursue
           .
           Having
           heard
           much
           talk
           of
           these
           Tories
           ,
           I
           made
           particular
           enquiry
           into
           the
           Nature
           and
           Practice
           of
           that
           sett
           of
           Men
           ,
           which
           I
           shall
           give
           you
           a
           short
           account
           of
           ,
           as
           they
           have
           stood
           since
           
           Cromwel's
           Conquest
           ;
           for
           no
           farther
           I
           shall
           look
           back
           in
           all
           my
           Relation
           of
           Ireland
           .
        
         
           These
           Men
           ,
           after
           the
           reducing
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           and
           the
           Lord
           Musgrave
           (
           since
           Earl
           of
           Clancarty
           )
           laying
           down
           Arms
           ,
           had
           no
           Commission
           ,
           and
           therefore
           called
           Tories
           .
           They
           came
           not
           in
           upon
           
             Musgrave's
             Articles
          
           ,
           because
           there
           were
           no
           Terms
           for
           any
           guilty
           of
           Murther
           ,
           of
           which
           most
           of
           them
           that
           staid
           out
           Tories
           were
           in
           
           Cromwel's
           Government
           ,
           they
           were
           so
           hunted
           ,
           and
           the
           Irish
           that
           were
           under
           Protection
           so
           punished
           for
           any
           Robbery
           they
           committed
           in
           the
           Parish
           where
           it
           was
           done
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           soon
           destroyed
           :
           But
           upon
           every
           Alteration
           in
           England
           ,
           some
           ran
           out
           ,
           as
           if
           they
           were
           immediately
           to
           recover
           the
           Kingdom
           :
           And
           so
           they
           did
           upon
           King
           Charles
           the
           
           Second's
           Restauration
           ,
           expecting
           ,
           as
           they
           then
           gave
           out
           ,
           to
           be
           restored
           the
           sooner
           for
           being
           found
           in
           their
           defence
           against
           the
           English
           ,
           who
           they
           then
           hoped
           would
           be
           judged
           the
           greater
           Rebels
           ;
           so
           after
           ,
           upon
           the
           
             Dutch
             War
          
           ,
           several
           got
           up
           ,
           insomuch
           that
           the
           Farmers
           of
           the
           Excise
           had
           Abatements
           for
           the
           Ravage
           these
           made
           in
           the
           Country
           hindering
           Affairs
           .
        
         
           There
           was
           one
           
             Redmond
             Hanly
          
           ,
           that
           kept
           out
           several
           years
           ,
           though
           great
           Attempts
           of
           the
           Army
           continually
           made
           to
           take
           him
           ;
           and
           another
           in
           Munster
           ,
           called
           
             Colonel
             Poore
          
           ,
           with
           many
           others
           ,
           in
           all
           Parts
           of
           
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           who
           kept
           the
           English
           in
           continual
           Action
           ,
           and
           to
           me
           seems
           a
           Reason
           for
           making
           them
           bold
           and
           good
           Soldiers
           ,
           and
           most
           serviceable
           against
           the
           Irish
           ,
           as
           having
           been
           their
           former
           Masters
           ,
           and
           Conquerors
           :
           And
           
             Trogus
             Pompeius
          
           relates
           a
           Story
           of
           a
           Country
           ,
           which
           being
           over-run
           with
           Slaves
           ,
           was
           not
           reduced
           ,
           till
           laying
           aside
           other
           Arms
           than
           those
           of
           Chastisement
           ,
           their
           Masters
           reminded
           them
           of
           their
           servile
           Fears
           ,
           and
           so
           at
           last
           regained
           their
           Empire
           over
           them
           ,
           as
           their
           ancient
           Masters
           ,
           not
           Competitors
           of
           the
           Field
           .
        
         
           And
           I
           find
           many
           of
           
           Oliver's
           Soldiers
           alive
           ,
           and
           free
           enough
           to
           go
           against
           the
           Irish
           ,
           if
           they
           had
           but
           English
           Commanders
           of
           their
           own
           Countrey
           ;
           they
           complaining
           much
           of
           some
           that
           are
           sent
           over
           ,
           yet
           modestly
           expressed
           ;
           for
           I
           find
           them
           of
           a
           quiet
           and
           obedient
           Disposition
           .
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           For
           their
           Interest
           ,
           I
           find
           them
           unanimous
           for
           their
           Present
           Majesties
           :
           and
           I
           have
           wondred
           in
           so
           great
           a
           number
           ,
           as
           I
           have
           personally
           ,
           and
           by
           proxy
           conversed
           with
           ,
           that
           I
           should
           never
           find
           but
           
             four
             Men
          
           ,
           so
           much
           as
           scrupling
           our
           present
           Happiness
           ,
           and
           of
           them
           three
           
           Clergy-Men
           .
        
         
           The
           Character
           ,
           I
           first
           gave
           you
           of
           their
           Original
           ,
           is
           Argument
           enough
           for
           their
           Affection
           to
           our
           present
           Government
           ,
           since
           they
           are
           stripp'd
           of
           all
           by
           the
           late
           King
           ,
           of
           whom
           they
           relate
           such
           Things
           ,
           as
           are
           not
           fit
           to
           come
           among
           humane
           ,
           much
           less
           
             Christian
             Ears
          
           .
        
         
           If
           the
           English
           ,
           or
           Protestants
           of
           Ireland
           are
           considered
           in
           their
           personal
           or
           real
           Estates
           ,
           their
           Interest
           that
           way
           ,
           I
           find
           to
           be
           thus
           :
           Few
           of
           them
           had
           any
           thing
           in
           England
           ,
           the
           Temptation
           of
           buying
           Land
           cheap
           ,
           and
           Rents
           better
           payed
           than
           in
           England
           ,
           made
           them
           lay
           out
           all
           there
           ,
           and
           consequently
           few
           monied
           Men
           
           among
           them
           .
           Those
           that
           did
           not
           purchase
           ,
           laid
           out
           in
           Improvements
           .
           Plate
           I
           do
           not
           find
           they
           so
           much
           affected
           ,
           as
           we
           in
           England
           ;
           yet
           few
           Families
           without
           some
           ;
           Jewels
           were
           less
           in
           use
           among
           them
           .
           Those
           of
           personal
           Estates
           had
           generally
           great
           Stocks
           of
           Cattel
           ;
           and
           Land
           being
           cheap
           ,
           the
           Country
           for
           these
           late
           Years
           was
           over-burthened
           with
           them
           .
        
         
           But
           that
           which
           is
           scarce
           to
           be
           credited
           in
           so
           plentiful
           a
           Country
           ,
           situate
           beyond
           any
           Place
           in
           the
           Christian
           World
           for
           Trade
           ,
           there
           should
           be
           no
           Merchants
           :
           In
           all
           my
           Enquiry
           ,
           I
           cannot
           find
           one
           that
           may
           bear
           the
           Character
           of
           a
           compleat
           Merchant
           .
           They
           tell
           me
           ,
           there
           were
           two
           or
           three
           in
           Dublin
           of
           universal
           Trade
           ;
           but
           growing
           rich
           ,
           took
           Honours
           ,
           and
           purchased
           Lands
           ;
           since
           them
           there
           appears
           nothing
           but
           Factors
           ,
           and
           Home-bred-men
           ,
           like
           our
           Planters
           in
           the
           West-Indies
           :
           And
           this
           is
           to
           me
           the
           Reason
           ,
           why
           Ireland
           is
           so
           contemptible
           in
           its
           Trade
           ,
           that
           might
           otherwise
           be
           the
           most
           flourishing
           Empire
           in
           Europe
           ,
           there
           being
           so
           few
           Dealers
           resident
           in
           that
           Kingdom
           .
           The
           Interest
           of
           those
           fled
           from
           thence
           ,
           is
           comprehended
           under
           those
           already
           named
           in
           Stock
           and
           real
           Estate
           ;
           and
           that
           brings
           me
           to
           your
           
             fourth
             Head
          
           ,
           the
           Losses
           of
           the
           Protestants
           of
           Ireland
           .
        
         
           And
           here
           I
           find
           both
           you
           and
           I
           have
           been
           not
           only
           mistaken
           ,
           but
           prejudicate
           .
           The
           evil
           Characters
           of
           some
           ,
           and
           too
           light
           Behaviour
           of
           others
           ,
           gives
           ,
           I
           confess
           ,
           too
           great
           occasion
           of
           censuring
           that
           People
           :
           But
           if
           ten
           righteous
           Men
           would
           have
           prevented
           
           Sodom's
           Condemnation
           ,
           many
           tens
           of
           ill
           Men
           should
           not
           condemn
           a
           Kingdom
           ,
           where
           there
           is
           more
           hundreds
           deserving
           .
        
         
         
           Fourthly
           ,
           Their
           Losses
           ,
           and
           deplorable
           Condition
           ,
           seems
           exceeding
           any
           modern
           Account
           ;
           and
           the
           more
           unhappy
           ,
           since
           't
           is
           scarce
           perceived
           .
           We
           pitied
           the
           French
           Fugitives
           more
           than
           these
           ,
           that
           are
           our
           Bone
           and
           our
           Flesh
           ;
           and
           the
           Reason
           seems
           to
           be
           ,
           that
           every
           one
           of
           them
           was
           distinguished
           by
           Garb
           and
           Speech
           ,
           but
           these
           from
           Ireland
           are
           by
           neither
           ,
           and
           so
           in
           the
           Croud
           not
           discerned
           ;
           nor
           shall
           we
           hear
           them
           complain
           ,
           for
           the
           Reasons
           I
           have
           before
           mentioned
           :
           but
           to
           come
           to
           their
           Losses
           .
           I
           need
           not
           tell
           you
           what
           the
           List
           given
           into
           the
           House
           of
           Commons
           mentions
           ,
           to
           which
           some
           have
           made
           Exceptions
           ,
           that
           the
           Returns
           are
           favourable
           ;
           but
           that
           will
           not
           be
           believed
           by
           those
           ,
           that
           discourse
           the
           Gentlemen
           concerned
           in
           them
           ;
           a
           more
           derogating
           Temper
           ,
           I
           confess
           ,
           I
           never
           saw
           among
           a
           People
           ,
           not
           in
           the
           least
           inclinable
           to
           favour
           one
           another
           .
           I
           am
           loth
           to
           say
           ,
           it
           is
           giving
           most
           of
           them
           the
           Lye
           ,
           to
           have
           honourable
           Thoughts
           of
           their
           best
           Men
           :
           But
           I
           would
           not
           make
           so
           general
           a
           Reflexion
           ,
           for
           I
           have
           met
           with
           some
           worthy
           and
           intelligent
           Men
           among
           them
           ;
           and
           such
           as
           complain
           of
           some
           busie
           Men
           ,
           whose
           Employments
           of
           Agency
           and
           Solliciting
           ,
           gave
           them
           the
           Opportunity
           and
           Practice
           of
           characterizing
           Men
           ,
           in
           which
           they
           were
           too
           free
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           faulty
           in
           possessing
           great
           Men
           with
           :
           but
           to
           return
           .
           The
           Losses
           of
           the
           Nobility
           and
           Gentry
           ,
           were
           most
           in
           their
           real
           Estates
           ;
           few
           of
           them
           had
           Money
           ,
           and
           not
           considerable
           in
           Plate
           or
           Iewels
           ;
           they
           that
           had
           any
           of
           the
           three
           ,
           did
           in
           time
           send
           it
           over
           for
           England
           .
        
         
           That
           which
           I
           take
           to
           be
           as
           considerable
           ,
           or
           more
           than
           the
           real
           Estates
           ,
           is
           the
           loss
           of
           personal
           Estates
           in
           Stock
           ;
           and
           that
           is
           vastly
           beyond
           our
           common
           Estimation
           ,
           and
           will
           ,
           perhaps
           ,
           be
           so
           in
           Acceptation
           :
           
           But
           what
           I
           shall
           relate
           ,
           I
           have
           such
           good
           Authority
           for
           ,
           that
           I
           question
           not
           the
           Truth
           .
           It
           is
           usual
           in
           that
           Kingdom
           for
           a
           Tenant
           that
           pays
           but
           
             twenty
             pounds
          
           a
           year
           ,
           to
           have
           from
           an
           hundred
           to
           
             two
             hundred
          
           Head
           of
           black
           Cattel
           on
           it
           ;
           and
           for
           others
           that
           pay
           not
           
             two
             hundred
          
           pounds
           a
           year
           Rent
           ,
           to
           make
           more
           than
           three
           hundred
           a
           year
           of
           their
           Wool.
           I
           should
           exceed
           the
           bounds
           of
           a
           Letter
           ,
           to
           enumerate
           all
           on
           this
           Head
           :
           but
           upon
           the
           whole
           ,
           at
           a
           moderate
           Computation
           ,
           it
           is
           believed
           they
           have
           lost
           in
           Stock
           ,
           and
           other
           personal
           Estates
           ,
           to
           the
           value
           of
           more
           than
           
             eight
             millions
             Sterling
          
           ,
           allowing
           but
           an
           
             hundred
             pounds
             Sterling
          
           for
           a
           Family
           :
           Now
           these
           Men
           are
           more
           to
           be
           pitied
           than
           they
           who
           are
           out
           of
           their
           Lands
           ,
           for
           that
           will
           be
           found
           again
           ,
           (
           though
           they
           believe
           of
           little
           value
           ;
           )
           but
           those
           that
           have
           lost
           their
           Stocks
           ,
           are
           utterly
           ruin'd
           without
           hopes
           of
           Reparation
           ;
           and
           under
           this
           Qualification
           ,
           they
           compute
           more
           than
           
             eighty
             thousand
             Families
          
           ,
           one
           half
           of
           which
           are
           still
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           more
           to
           be
           lamented
           than
           those
           that
           are
           here
           .
           I
           mention
           nothing
           of
           the
           
           Clergy's
           Livings
           ,
           nor
           Men
           of
           civil
           Employments
           ,
           because
           they
           come
           under
           the
           head
           of
           Free-holders
           being
           for
           Life
           ;
           however
           it
           is
           worse
           with
           them
           than
           Gentlemen
           of
           Estates
           ,
           in
           regard
           they
           can
           make
           no
           disposition
           to
           purchase
           Bread
           ,
           as
           those
           of
           Lands
           may
           .
        
         
           Fifthly
           ,
           But
           now
           to
           your
           fifth
           Query
           ,
           what
           their
           present
           Condition
           ,
           and
           that
           ,
           after
           what
           has
           before
           been
           related
           ,
           must
           be
           bad
           ,
           and
           I
           doubt
           worse
           than
           we
           imagine
           ;
           for
           they
           tell
           you
           ,
           most
           of
           them
           came
           over
           when
           they
           could
           bring
           little
           with
           them
           ,
           but
           the
           Cloths
           on
           their
           Backs
           ;
           they
           have
           been
           here
           some
           
             ten
             Months
          
           ,
           and
           most
           
             six
             Months
          
           ;
           they
           acknowledge
           the
           Charity
           of
           London
           great
           ,
           but
           say
           little
           of
           the
           other
           Parts
           of
           
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           the
           whole
           is
           said
           not
           to
           exceed
           
             thirty
             thousand
             Pounds
          
           :
           And
           a
           greater
           Gift
           than
           that
           ,
           they
           say
           ,
           was
           offered
           by
           them
           in
           
             Ireland
             ,
             viz.
             thirty
             thousand
             Biefs
          
           to
           be
           given
           to
           the
           distressed
           of
           London
           ,
           when
           burnt
           ;
           of
           this
           a
           
             Reverend
             Prelate
          
           of
           theirs
           hath
           some
           testimonial
           by
           him
           ,
           his
           Grace
           the
           Arch-bishop
           of
           Tuam
           ,
           who
           is
           among
           them
           of
           universal
           Esteem
           ,
           and
           in
           which
           he
           is
           singular
           .
           Now
           this
           publick
           Charity
           is
           not
           ,
           as
           we
           thought
           ,
           dispersed
           among
           all
           Gentry
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           others
           ,
           but
           only
           to
           the
           Poor
           ,
           such
           as
           had
           scarce
           Stocks
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           but
           were
           poor
           Mechanichs
           ,
           Husband-men
           ,
           and
           Labourers
           .
        
         
           Some
           of
           the
           Clergy
           have
           also
           support
           out
           of
           it
           ;
           and
           although
           they
           that
           are
           intrusted
           with
           the
           disposing
           this
           Money
           ,
           lengthen
           it
           out
           as
           much
           as
           possible
           ,
           giving
           to
           most
           not
           above
           
             ten
             Shillings
          
           a
           month
           ;
           yet
           they
           say
           about
           
             nineteen
             thousand
             pounds
          
           of
           the
           Money
           is
           already
           gone
           ,
           and
           yet
           all
           complain
           ,
           as
           if
           there
           were
           not
           an
           equal
           distribution
           ;
           but
           I
           find
           little
           ground
           for
           it
           ,
           only
           one
           or
           two
           Men
           are
           a
           scandal
           to
           the
           rest
           ;
           and
           had
           they
           been
           left
           out
           ,
           I
           believe
           the
           noise
           you
           heard
           in
           the
           Country
           would
           not
           have
           reached
           so
           far
           .
        
         
           Now
           all
           this
           while
           ,
           the
           Men
           of
           greatest
           Quality
           ,
           and
           ,
           perhaps
           ,
           of
           greatest
           want
           ,
           are
           put
           to
           their
           shifts
           ;
           but
           they
           most
           of
           all
           ,
           whose
           Estates
           lay
           in
           Stock
           ,
           for
           that
           they
           can
           have
           no
           Credit
           ,
           there
           being
           no
           expectation
           for
           their
           Recovery
           :
           When
           I
           think
           of
           these
           Men
           ,
           I
           must
           confess
           my
           Heart
           aches
           ,
           they
           are
           the
           most
           miserable
           Men
           that
           have
           been
           among
           us
           ,
           this
           Age
           having
           lived
           plentifully
           ,
           worth
           thousands
           ,
           bred
           to
           nothing
           but
           rural
           Matters
           ,
           know
           not
           how
           to
           get
           Bread
           by
           any
           other
           Imployment
           ,
           and
           so
           turned
           naked
           into
           the
           World
           ,
           when
           they
           were
           going
           ,
           by
           their
           Age
           ,
           out
           
           of
           it
           ;
           (
           I
           wish
           many
           of
           them
           go
           not
           silently
           away
           for
           want
           of
           Bread
           ;
           )
           and
           yet
           under
           the
           Charge
           this
           Kingdom
           lies
           ,
           maintaining
           the
           Arms
           of
           three
           Kingdom
           's
           Forces
           in
           Holland
           ,
           and
           a
           great
           Navy
           at
           Sea
           ,
           it
           is
           not
           easie
           to
           find
           out
           an
           expedient
           to
           help
           them
           .
           I
           have
           been
           in
           discourse
           with
           some
           of
           them
           ;
           and
           putting
           the
           case
           to
           one
           ,
           Whether
           they
           could
           reasonably
           expect
           we
           should
           raise
           Money
           for
           them
           by
           a
           Tax
           ,
           since
           by
           Collection
           it
           comes
           to
           so
           little
           ,
           and
           is
           indeed
           the
           worst
           way
           of
           raising
           Money
           ;
           for
           that
           only
           the
           Good
           Man
           ,
           not
           the
           Rich
           ,
           pays
           it
           any
           farther
           than
           he
           is
           charitable
           ;
           whereas
           a
           Tax
           imposeth
           according
           to
           a
           Man's
           Ability
           .
           To
           this
           I
           was
           answered
           ,
           That
           they
           did
           believe
           it
           reasonable
           :
           And
           more
           ,
           That
           it
           was
           profitable
           for
           us
           to
           do
           it
           .
           I
           was
           surprized
           with
           the
           Assertion
           ,
           and
           desired
           to
           hear
           his
           Reasons
           for
           it
           ,
           which
           were
           as
           follows
           :
           First
           he
           affirms
           there
           were
           
             forty
             thousand
             Families
          
           fled
           from
           Ireland
           into
           England
           ;
           that
           they
           had
           one
           with
           another
           spent
           at
           least
           ,
           
             twenty
             pound
          
           a
           Family
           ,
           which
           amounts
           to
           
             Eight
             hundred
             thousand
             pounds
             sterling
          
           :
           This
           was
           so
           much
           added
           to
           the
           Stock
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           therefore
           deserved
           some
           return
           ,
           since
           it
           was
           there
           all
           ;
           and
           had
           so
           much
           Money
           been
           spent
           in
           Holland
           ,
           they
           would
           have
           considered
           a
           distressed
           People
           that
           had
           done
           it
           .
           He
           illustrated
           the
           Discourse
           with
           Mercantine
           Observations
           ,
           of
           which
           he
           was
           Master
           ,
           and
           I
           foreign
           too
           ,
           and
           therefore
           can
           no
           more
           relate
           than
           understand
           .
           His
           Notions
           seem'd
           reasonable
           ,
           and
           all
           terminated
           in
           this
           ,
           That
           England
           has
           had
           in
           
             Specie
             ,
             Mony
          
           ,
           and
           Plate
           ,
           more
           from
           them
           than
           ever
           was
           brought
           in
           clear
           ,
           and
           resting
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           in
           
             one
             year
          
           ;
           for
           that
           he
           accounted
           all
           theirs
           was
           lodg'd
           here
           ,
           and
           took
           nothing
           out
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           :
           And
           when
           I
           objected
           ,
           
           that
           our
           
             Lead
             ,
             Tin
             ,
             Woollen-Manufacturies
          
           ,
           and
           even
           the
           
             East-India
             Commodities
          
           ,
           brought
           us
           in
           
             five
             times
          
           the
           summ
           he
           insisted
           on
           :
           He
           answered
           ,
           That
           as
           it
           slow
           ▪
           d
           in
           ,
           so
           like
           the
           Tide
           it
           had
           its
           ebb
           out
           ,
           otherwise
           England
           would
           not
           hold
           its
           Treasure
           ;
           it
           would
           come
           to
           an
           immensity
           ,
           if
           but
           half
           a
           Million
           a
           year
           was
           added
           to
           England
           .
        
         
           We
           then
           come
           to
           that
           part
           of
           his
           Assertion
           ,
           That
           it
           is
           profitable
           for
           England
           to
           raise
           Money
           for
           them
           ;
           and
           that
           he
           would
           prove
           thus
           :
           First
           ,
           that
           England
           had
           been
           for
           many
           years
           a
           Gainer
           by
           their
           Trade
           ,
           contrary
           to
           the
           common
           Opinion
           :
           And
           this
           point
           ,
           I
           confess
           ,
           he
           handled
           beyond
           my
           expectation
           ;
           and
           it
           must
           be
           better
           
             Heads
             ▪
          
           than
           mine
           that
           can
           answer
           him
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           he
           laid
           down
           ,
           that
           Ireland
           took
           more
           of
           our
           Manufactories
           ,
           and
           Native
           Commodities
           ,
           than
           Virginia
           ,
           our
           Darling
           Plantation
           ;
           and
           that
           if
           we
           pleased
           ,
           we
           might
           raise
           as
           great
           a
           Revenue
           by
           Ireland
           ,
           as
           we
           do
           out
           of
           our
           Tobacco
           .
        
         
           Then
           that
           we
           made
           above
           
             two
             Millions
             Sterling
          
           a
           year
           of
           their
           Wool
           ;
           that
           by
           the
           Act
           of
           Navigation
           we
           had
           barr'd
           them
           from
           the
           use
           of
           all
           foreign
           Shipping
           ,
           and
           that
           in
           effect
           we
           had
           prohibited
           them
           from
           Trade
           to
           our
           
             foreign
             Plantations
          
           ;
           by
           which
           ,
           whatever
           the
           gain
           of
           their
           Trade
           was
           ,
           we
           had
           it
           by
           our
           Shipping
           and
           
           Plantation-Commodities
           :
           That
           they
           were
           prohibited
           by
           our
           Acts
           of
           Parliament
           from
           bringing
           any
           of
           their
           Commodities
           but
           what
           we
           stood
           in
           need
           of
           ;
           a
           thing
           (
           as
           they
           set
           it
           out
           )
           so
           severe
           ,
           as
           never
           used
           but
           to
           an
           Enemy
           .
           The
           Native
           Commodities
           never
           prohibited
           a
           Country
           in
           Amity
           ;
           the
           most
           is
           to
           lay
           heavy
           Duties
           on
           them
           :
           But
           Ireland
           in
           its
           chiefest
           Commodities
           made
           a
           Nusance
           .
           And
           to
           close
           all
           ,
           he
           affirmed
           that
           Ireland
           added
           to
           the
           Trade
           of
           
             England
             ▪
             three
             Millions
             a
             year
             ▪
          
           All
           this
           he
           thought
           worth
           their
           securing
           .
        
         
         
           That
           the
           gaining
           the
           Kingdom
           would
           not
           do
           it
           ,
           if
           the
           Inhabitants
           that
           were
           used
           to
           the
           Country
           ,
           were
           not
           preserv'd
           and
           sent
           thither
           again
           :
           That
           many
           had
           already
           sought
           Dwellings
           in
           
             foreign
             parts
          
           ,
           and
           more
           were
           on
           the
           Wing
           .
           This
           is
           as
           much
           as
           I
           can
           remember
           of
           our
           Discourse
           ,
           and
           I
           wanted
           one
           to
           oppose
           him
           ;
           for
           from
           me
           he
           carried
           his
           Hypothesis
           .
        
         
           Sixthly
           ,
           As
           to
           your
           
             sixth
             Query
          
           ,
           What
           the
           general
           Apprehensions
           of
           them
           are
           ?
           I
           cannot
           give
           you
           a
           single
           Solution
           to
           that
           ,
           since
           I
           find
           them
           differing
           so
           much
           among
           themselves
           :
           One
           Party
           ,
           and
           those
           that
           were
           the
           latest
           Planters
           in
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           I
           find
           generally
           resolv'd
           to
           return
           no
           more
           ,
           but
           rather
           bend
           their
           Thoughts
           for
           
             Carolina
             ,
             Virginia
          
           ,
           and
           New-England
           .
           These
           believe
           that
           Ireland
           will
           not
           soon
           be
           reduced
           ,
           and
           that
           it
           will
           never
           be
           at
           quiet
           ;
           for
           that
           the
           French
           lying
           so
           near
           it
           ,
           and
           taking
           upon
           him
           the
           Guardianship
           of
           the
           pretended
           Prince
           of
           Wales
           ,
           will
           ever
           be
           infesting
           that
           Kingdom
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           Irish
           will
           be
           always
           ready
           to
           receive
           them
           :
           so
           that
           the
           quiet
           of
           Ireland
           will
           depend
           upon
           the
           success
           of
           the
           French.
           A
           successful
           Campaign
           with
           him
           ,
           will
           raise
           a
           Tory-Camp
           in
           Ireland
           ;
           for
           that
           ,
           they
           say
           ,
           they
           have
           experience
           by
           three
           several
           instances
           ,
           in
           less
           than
           
             two
             years
          
           .
           First
           ,
           upon
           the
           death
           of
           King
           Charles
           the
           Second
           ,
           they
           got
           up
           in
           all
           parts
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           not
           having
           patience
           to
           see
           what
           their
           Guardian-Angel
           ,
           the
           late
           King
           ,
           would
           doe
           for
           them
           .
           That
           was
           scarce
           quieted
           with
           the
           assurance
           of
           his
           being
           a
           Catholick
           Majesty
           ;
           but
           upon
           
           Monmouth's
           appearing
           ;
           they
           got
           up
           again
           ;
           that
           was
           soon
           after
           pretty
           well
           laid
           by
           the
           arrival
           of
           that
           
             good
             Man
          
           the
           Earl
           of
           Clarendon
           ,
           so
           they
           term
           him
           ;
           and
           then
           up
           they
           got
           again
           ,
           upon
           the
           arrival
           of
           Tyrconnel
           ;
           so
           they
           say
           the
           Tories
           ever
           do
           upon
           the
           
           least
           Change
           of
           Government
           .
           These
           are
           the
           Apprehensions
           of
           those
           they
           call
           
             New
             Purchasers
          
           ,
           that
           came
           for
           Ireland
           since
           the
           Act
           of
           Settlement
           ,
           which
           was
           made
           upon
           the
           Restauration
           of
           Charles
           the
           Second
           .
           Another
           set
           of
           them
           I
           find
           more
           resolute
           ,
           and
           they
           are
           those
           they
           call
           Cromwelians
           :
           These
           are
           such
           as
           were
           Soldiers
           in
           that
           Conquest
           ,
           or
           the
           Sons
           of
           them
           ;
           a
           rough
           sturdy
           People
           ,
           and
           full
           of
           indignation
           against
           the
           Irish
           ,
           rendring
           them
           a
           bloody
           ,
           but
           
             cowardly
             People
          
           ,
           easily
           conquer'd
           ,
           if
           fallen
           suriously
           upon
           .
           But
           the
           way
           now
           taken
           (
           they
           say
           )
           will
           put
           Courage
           in
           the
           Irish
           ,
           who
           never
           saw
           themselves
           fear'd
           or
           treated
           like
           a
           formidable
           Enemy
           before
           ,
           the
           English
           being
           more
           troubled
           to
           find
           than
           overcome
           them
           ;
           and
           never
           considered
           odds
           ,
           but
           thought
           them
           brave
           if
           they
           would
           engage
           them
           ,
           being
           five
           to
           one
           :
           They
           instance
           the
           same
           in
           the
           
             few
             English
          
           that
           got
           together
           .
           Now
           those
           they
           call
           Iniskilling-Men
           ,
           which
           were
           not
           of
           that
           place
           ,
           but
           most
           of
           Connaught
           ,
           the
           remains
           and
           off-spring
           of
           Oliverians
           ,
           that
           were
           under
           the
           former
           Lord
           Kingstone
           ,
           and
           headed
           by
           the
           young
           Lord
           his
           Son
           ,
           who
           ,
           they
           say
           ,
           inherits
           his
           Father's
           Courage
           ;
           and
           had
           he
           not
           been
           betrayed
           by
           Lundy
           ,
           would
           have
           done
           great
           Things
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           as
           his
           Men
           have
           done
           since
           ,
           where
           less
           than
           
             twelve
             hundred
             half
             naked
             Men
          
           ,
           routed
           
             five
             thousand
          
           of
           the
           flower
           of
           the
           
             Irish
             Army
          
           ,
           posted
           in
           a
           most
           inaccessible
           place
           .
           This
           (
           they
           say
           )
           was
           three
           to
           one
           greater
           odds
           than
           our
           Army
           stands
           upon
           ;
           and
           believe
           if
           they
           had
           been
           sent
           over
           under
           their
           own
           
             old
             Commanders
          
           ,
           there
           would
           have
           been
           a
           good
           Account
           of
           Ireland
           by
           this
           time
           .
           This
           is
           the
           Opinion
           they
           have
           of
           themselves
           ,
           and
           yet
           fansie
           the
           King
           will
           use
           them
           at
           last
           ,
           and
           believe
           his
           Majesty
           would
           at
           first
           ,
           but
           that
           they
           had
           Enemies
           ,
           who
           
           gave
           a
           false
           Account
           of
           them
           .
           For
           the
           
             New
             Interest-Men
          
           ,
           they
           are
           sure
           not
           a
           Man
           but
           would
           venture
           his
           Life
           for
           their
           Majesties
           in
           any
           part
           of
           the
           World.
           
        
         
           But
           to
           come
           to
           that
           which
           hath
           more
           Authority
           with
           it
           ,
           and
           that
           is
           ,
           they
           say
           ,
           That
           when
           Cromwel
           landed
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           the
           English
           and
           British
           had
           the
           chief
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           
             Dublin
             ,
             Cork
             ,
             Toughall
             ,
             Kingsale
             ,
          
           and
           all
           the
           North
           ,
           where
           there
           was
           stock
           of
           Cattel
           ,
           and
           pretty
           store
           of
           Pillage
           near
           the
           Garisons
           .
        
         
           That
           Cromwel
           made
           quick
           work
           ,
           took
           Drogheda
           ,
           and
           several
           places
           of
           moment
           in
           
             few
             Weeks
          
           after
           his
           landing
           ;
           so
           that
           before
           the
           Spring
           ,
           (
           he
           landing
           in
           August
           ,
           )
           the
           whole
           Kingdom
           was
           in
           a
           manner
           in
           
             Protestants
             Hands
          
           ;
           the
           Irish
           pent
           up
           in
           Garisons
           .
           And
           yet
           after
           all
           these
           advantages
           and
           opportunities
           of
           sowing
           Corn
           ,
           when
           the
           War
           was
           over
           in
           
             fifty
             One
          
           ,
           the
           Famine
           ,
           and
           its
           usual
           Attendent
           ,
           the
           Plague
           ,
           swept
           away
           more
           than
           the
           Sword
           had
           done
           in
           all
           the
           War
           of
           the
           Irish
           ,
           and
           many
           thousands
           of
           the
           English.
           In
           the
           City
           of
           Dublin
           there
           died
           in
           
             one
             year
             two
          
           and
           
             twenty
             thousand
          
           .
           There
           is
           a
           worse
           prospect
           now
           of
           the
           same
           fate
           ,
           for
           that
           the
           Protestants
           have
           not
           an
           ear
           of
           Corn
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           nor
           have
           the
           Irish
           much
           ,
           scarce
           any
           Winter-Corn
           ,
           for
           that
           at
           the
           season
           for
           sowing
           ,
           they
           have
           been
           imbroil'd
           in
           Arms.
           Nor
           can
           there
           be
           any
           Spring-Corn
           considerable
           ,
           for
           the
           same
           reason
           .
           From
           all
           which
           they
           infer
           ,
           there
           must
           inevitably
           be
           a
           Famine
           
             next
             year
          
           ;
           which
           will
           in
           the
           first
           place
           fall
           upon
           those
           Protestants
           that
           escape
           this
           Winter
           ,
           many
           are
           perished
           already
           ;
           for
           that
           the
           Irish
           keep
           the
           Men
           Prisoners
           ,
           after
           having
           robb'd
           them
           of
           all
           they
           have
           ,
           and
           leave
           the
           poor
           Women
           and
           Children
           starving
           in
           their
           Houses
           .
           Upon
           the
           whole
           ,
           they
           conclude
           ,
           That
           the
           Kingdom
           
           will
           be
           in
           a
           manner
           dispeopled
           ,
           let
           what
           will
           now
           happen
           ;
           and
           that
           those
           few
           ,
           both
           of
           English
           and
           Irish
           ,
           who
           escape
           the
           
             destroying
             Angel
          
           in
           
             War
             ,
             Famine
          
           ,
           and
           Plague
           ,
           and
           live
           to
           see
           Peace
           ,
           will
           yet
           perish
           for
           want
           of
           Bread
           ;
           the
           Mony
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           being
           already
           sent
           to
           France
           by
           the
           late
           King
           ,
           and
           
             Brass
             Farthings
          
           left
           as
           Half-Crowns
           in
           the
           room
           of
           the
           Silver
           ;
           so
           that
           they
           will
           have
           nothing
           to
           purchase
           Food
           .
        
         
           They
           farther
           add
           ,
           that
           after
           the
           last
           Rebellion
           ,
           the
           Kingdom
           was
           suller
           of
           Money
           than
           ever
           it
           was
           since
           ;
           that
           Corn
           was
           much
           cheaper
           in
           England
           ,
           than
           it
           is
           like
           to
           be
           now
           .
        
         
           That
           then
           they
           had
           great
           quantities
           of
           Corn
           from
           France
           ,
           now
           there
           can
           be
           none
           ;
           and
           after
           all
           these
           Helps
           ,
           (
           which
           now
           they
           will
           want
           ,
           )
           yet
           great
           part
           of
           those
           left
           in
           
             fifty
             One
          
           perished
           by
           Famine
           ;
           and
           wanting
           of
           People
           to
           bury
           the
           dead
           ,
           infected
           the
           Air
           ,
           and
           brought
           the
           Plague
           ,
           the
           Irish
           scarce
           covering
           their
           Dead
           with
           Earth
           .
           Some
           Objections
           I
           made
           to
           these
           desponding
           Conjectures
           ,
           which
           were
           chiefly
           two
           :
           First
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           not
           to
           be
           imagined
           but
           the
           Irish
           would
           keep
           some
           Silver-Money
           ;
           and
           that
           in
           robbing
           the
           English
           they
           must
           get
           some
           .
        
         
           To
           this
           I
           was
           answered
           ,
           That
           the
           Irish
           are
           seldom
           Masters
           of
           Money
           ,
           their
           Treasure
           being
           Cattel
           ;
           that
           the
           course
           the
           late
           King
           took
           ,
           was
           invincible
           to
           draw
           out
           every
           penny
           of
           Silver
           they
           had
           ;
           for
           at
           the
           same
           time
           he
           proclaimed
           his
           
             Brass
             Coin
          
           to
           pay
           his
           Army
           ,
           and
           to
           pass
           betwixt
           Man
           and
           Man
           ,
           it
           was
           provided
           ,
           That
           all
           his
           Revenue
           ,
           as
           
             Quit-Rent
             ,
             Hearth-Money
             ,
             Excise
             ,
             Customs
             ,
          
           &c.
           should
           be
           paid
           in
           Silver
           ,
           so
           that
           as
           long
           as
           there
           was
           a
           penny
           among
           them
           ,
           it
           came
           into
           the
           Treasury
           .
        
         
         
           For
           their
           having
           Money
           of
           the
           English's
           ,
           or
           Plate
           ,
           I
           find
           they
           are
           so
           ingenious
           ,
           most
           of
           them
           ,
           as
           to
           confess
           ,
           they
           believe
           the
           English
           left
           little
           Money
           or
           Plate
           behind
           them
           .
        
         
           My
           second
           Objection
           was
           ,
           That
           though
           there
           were
           no
           Trade
           ,
           yet
           in
           such
           a
           fertile
           Countrey
           it
           was
           easie
           for
           the
           Irish
           to
           get
           Roots
           ,
           Hearbs
           ,
           Milk
           ,
           Flesh
           ,
           and
           their
           great
           Food
           ,
           Potatoes
           ,
           which
           we
           see
           here
           in
           England
           ,
           after
           once
           setting
           ,
           are
           never
           to
           be
           got
           out
           of
           the
           Ground
           ,
           so
           that
           of
           them
           they
           can
           never
           want
           .
        
         
           To
           all
           which
           I
           was
           answered
           ,
           That
           the
           Irish
           (
           for
           by
           the
           way
           it
           is
           granted
           ,
           that
           the
           English
           will
           not
           be
           admitted
           ,
           nor
           are
           able
           to
           doe
           any
           of
           these
           )
           are
           great
           strangers
           to
           Garden-Stuff
           ;
           nor
           is
           there
           Garden-Seeds
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           the
           English
           always
           fetching
           them
           from
           England
           .
        
         
           Milk
           ,
           it
           is
           true
           ,
           is
           one
           part
           of
           their
           Summer's
           Provision
           ,
           but
           they
           presume
           they
           will
           have
           as
           great
           want
           of
           Cattel
           ,
           as
           Corn
           ,
           especially
           Cows
           ;
           for
           which
           they
           give
           me
           a
           reason
           ,
           that
           carries
           Probability
           with
           it
           ,
           though
           it
           be
           novel
           :
           They
           tell
           me
           ,
           in
           Ireland
           the
           very
           English
           give
           little
           or
           no
           Fodder
           in
           Winter
           to
           their
           
             black
             Cattel
          
           ,
           by
           which
           means
           their
           Cows
           ,
           which
           they
           call
           Gowneys
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           such
           as
           had
           not
           Calves
           the
           last
           Summer
           ,
           being
           with
           Calf
           the
           Winter
           following
           ,
           are
           best
           in
           flesh
           all
           the
           Winter
           ;
           and
           being
           so
           ,
           the
           hungry
           Irish
           ,
           in
           regard
           there
           is
           no
           command
           of
           them
           ,
           being
           Soldiers
           ,
           and
           rambling
           where
           they
           please
           ,
           fall
           upon
           these
           Cows
           ,
           and
           by
           that
           means
           they
           are
           without
           Cattel
           to
           give
           them
           Milk
           next
           Summer
           ;
           and
           for
           demonstration
           they
           say
           ,
           That
           after
           the
           last
           War
           a
           
             Milch
             Cow
          
           in
           Ireland
           would
           yield
           
             eight
             pounds
          
           ,
           when
           an
           Ox
           as
           big
           again
           ,
           might
           be
           bought
           for
           three
           .
        
         
         
           For
           their
           Potatoes
           ,
           they
           say
           ,
           it
           is
           a
           mistake
           to
           think
           that
           after
           being
           once
           set
           they
           need
           no
           more
           labour
           ;
           they
           must
           be
           every
           year
           new
           dug
           ,
           and
           dunged
           :
           And
           besides
           ,
           these
           Potatoes
           come
           not
           in
           till
           next
           Winter
           ,
           and
           these
           Gentlemen
           here
           agree
           ,
           as
           is
           already
           past
           ,
           that
           they
           will
           be
           all
           starved
           next
           Summer
           ,
           and
           that
           such
           as
           do
           escape
           ,
           will
           not
           be
           the
           English
           ,
           for
           that
           they
           will
           first
           perish
           .
        
         
           The
           quantity
           of
           Corn
           and
           Beer
           that
           was
           brought
           into
           Ireland
           in
           
             one
             year
          
           after
           the
           last
           War
           ,
           is
           incredible
           ,
           as
           they
           relate
           it
           .
           A
           Person
           of
           good
           Quality
           and
           Fortune
           told
           me
           ,
           he
           was
           then
           a
           Merchant
           ,
           and
           lived
           in
           England
           ,
           but
           traded
           for
           Ireland
           ,
           that
           he
           sent
           great
           quantities
           of
           Wheat
           and
           Malt
           himself
           ;
           above
           
             Ten
             thousand
          
           of
           our
           Quarters
           in
           
             one
             Year
          
           went
           to
           Waterford
           ;
           that
           to
           all
           Parts
           there
           went
           not
           less
           than
           
             One
             hundred
             thousand
             Quarters
          
           in
           
             one
             year
          
           ;
           and
           if
           so
           much
           was
           wanting
           when
           there
           had
           been
           so
           much
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           in
           
             Pretestant
             Hands
          
           ,
           What
           will
           there
           be
           after
           an
           universal
           Ravage
           and
           Destruction
           ,
           for
           so
           they
           conclude
           the
           Condition
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           ?
        
         
           I
           cannot
           omit
           the
           Foot
           of
           a
           Discourse
           I
           had
           with
           the
           most
           intelligent
           man
           I
           met
           among
           them
           ;
           it
           was
           this
           :
        
         
           Ireland
           ,
           as
           it
           stood
           at
           the
           death
           of
           Charles
           II.
           he
           believed
           had
           about
           
             Two
             millions
          
           of
           Souls
           ;
           a
           minute
           computation
           to
           that
           Gentleman's
           ,
           who
           in
           a
           Pamphlet
           makes
           the
           
             British
             Protestants
          
           half
           that
           number
           ,
           who
           were
           never
           accounted
           a
           fifth
           part
           of
           the
           whole
           ,
           the
           Irish
           being
           thought
           near
           eight
           for
           one
           ,
           but
           this
           Gentleman
           ,
           who
           made
           his
           computation
           
             Two
             millions
          
           ,
           supposes
           a
           dolefull
           account
           ,
           that
           
             Two
             thirds
          
           will
           ,
           by
           Flight
           ,
           the
           
             Sword
             ,
             Famine
          
           ,
           and
           Sickness
           ,
           be
           taken
           off
           before
           Ireland
           can
           be
           reduced
           ,
           hoping
           it
           be
           done
           next
           Summer
           ,
           there
           will
           
           then
           not
           remain
           
             seven
             hundred
             thousand
             Souls
          
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           allow
           them
           but
           two
           Bushels
           a
           Mouth
           for
           a
           year
           ,
           which
           is
           but
           about
           
             three
             farthings
          
           worth
           of
           Bread
           a
           day
           ,
           which
           allowance
           will
           starve
           more
           than
           feed
           ;
           yet
           at
           this
           rate
           ,
           there
           must
           be
           
             one
             hundred
          
           and
           
             seventy
             five
             thousand
             Quarters
          
           of
           Bread-Corn
           ,
           to
           keep
           their
           distressed
           Remains
           alive
           ,
           besides
           the
           Army
           ,
           that
           must
           be
           better
           provided
           for
           .
           I
           was
           startled
           at
           this
           Computation
           ;
           and
           when
           I
           went
           to
           make
           some
           Objection
           ,
           I
           was
           stopped
           with
           this
           ,
           That
           if
           the
           Deliverance
           of
           these
           
             poor
             Creatures
          
           happen
           to
           be
           greater
           than
           what
           he
           expected
           ,
           then
           the
           Provision
           of
           Corn
           must
           be
           greater
           ;
           and
           that
           for
           help
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           there
           was
           no
           Expectation
           considerable
           :
           it
           was
           more
           than
           could
           be
           expected
           ,
           if
           they
           could
           find
           of
           any
           Sustenance
           to
           make
           up
           a
           Living
           .
           I
           find
           their
           Apprehensions
           very
           remote
           ,
           as
           to
           the
           re-planting
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           grounded
           upon
           their
           Experience
           in
           Oliver's
           time
           ;
           which
           is
           this
           ,
           That
           the
           reducing
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           happened
           to
           be
           just
           after
           the
           winding
           up
           of
           that
           fatal
           Catastrophy
           of
           the
           
             Civil
             Wars
          
           of
           England
           and
           Scotland
           ,
           which
           obliged
           many
           thousands
           of
           the
           loyal
           Party
           to
           shift
           their
           Habitations
           ,
           and
           that
           brought
           them
           for
           Ireland
           :
           There
           were
           also
           numbers
           that
           came
           from
           New-England
           ,
           and
           other
           foreign
           Plantations
           ,
           having
           Friends
           and
           Relations
           promoted
           in
           Ireland
           .
        
         
           There
           was
           also
           such
           an
           absolute
           Conquest
           ,
           and
           Power
           over
           the
           Irish
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           rather
           numbred
           among
           the
           Beasts
           of
           the
           Field
           ,
           than
           thought
           on
           as
           a
           People
           in
           a
           Possibility
           of
           disturbing
           the
           Government
           .
           Not
           five
           Men
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           restored
           to
           their
           Estates
           ,
           the
           most
           of
           them
           transplanted
           into
           a
           Country
           they
           call
           Connaught
           ,
           surrounded
           with
           the
           Sea
           ,
           and
           a
           
           great
           River
           ;
           so
           that
           it
           was
           not
           possible
           to
           have
           greater
           Security
           ,
           and
           more
           Incouragement
           than
           was
           at
           that
           time
           ;
           and
           yet
           after
           all
           this
           ,
           for
           near
           
             five
             years
          
           after
           the
           Conquest
           ,
           
             Wales
             ,
             Scotland
          
           ,
           and
           England
           ,
           for
           some
           Provisions
           ,
           were
           their
           Markets
           ;
           and
           Land
           was
           set
           ,
           some
           years
           after
           the
           laying
           down
           of
           Arms
           ,
           for
           
             forty
             Shillings
          
           a
           year
           ,
           that
           in
           
             ten
             years
          
           after
           ,
           was
           set
           for
           
             two
             hundreds
             pounds
          
           a
           year
           :
           So
           then
           ,
           if
           with
           all
           the
           Advantages
           that
           then
           attended
           Ireland
           ,
           it
           was
           yet
           so
           many
           years
           in
           rising
           to
           a
           
             bare
             Living
          
           ,
           how
           will
           it
           be
           now
           improved
           ,
           when
           none
           of
           those
           Advantages
           attend
           it
           ,
           but
           just
           the
           contrary
           .
           They
           name
           Particulars
           ,
           which
           I
           shall
           not
           trouble
           you
           with
           ,
           being
           easily
           understood
           .
        
         
           I
           have
           given
           you
           the
           Sentiments
           of
           two
           sets
           of
           these
           People
           ,
           I
           now
           come
           to
           a
           third
           ;
           for
           I
           find
           them
           of
           three
           distinct
           Interests
           and
           Affections
           one
           to
           the
           other
           :
           These
           last
           are
           of
           the
           
             Old
             Interest
          
           ,
           and
           seem
           to
           be
           more
           affected
           to
           Ireland
           ,
           than
           either
           of
           the
           former
           ,
           and
           think
           it
           the
           
             Paradise
             of
             the
             Earth
          
           ;
           would
           willingly
           engage
           their
           Lives
           in
           that
           War
           ,
           but
           desire
           to
           be
           excused
           from
           the
           Bravery
           of
           the
           Gentlemen
           before-mentioned
           .
        
         
           They
           have
           better
           hopes
           of
           Ireland
           ;
           have
           ,
           with
           their
           own
           ,
           the
           Remarks
           of
           their
           Ancestors
           ;
           how
           frequent
           the
           Rebellions
           of
           Ireland
           have
           been
           ,
           and
           yet
           the
           Country
           soon
           made
           habitable
           again
           .
           They
           confess
           it
           looks
           worse
           now
           than
           ever
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           Irish
           were
           never
           a
           formidable
           Enemy
           before
           ;
           and
           therefore
           they
           fear
           the
           Country
           will
           be
           waste
           before
           it
           be
           reduced
           .
           They
           have
           the
           same
           Apprehensions
           with
           the
           former
           ,
           of
           the
           French
           infesting
           the
           Western
           and
           Southern
           Parts
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           fear
           ,
           above
           all
           ,
           the
           pardoning
           the
           Men
           of
           Estates
           ,
           which
           they
           say
           was
           ever
           
           the
           ruine
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           :
           The
           
             Irish
             Grandees
          
           ,
           first
           by
           Bribes
           ,
           and
           ,
           in
           process
           of
           time
           ,
           by
           Marriage
           into
           
             English
             Families
          
           ,
           got
           such
           Friends
           in
           the
           Court
           of
           England
           ,
           that
           whatever
           Rebellion
           happened
           ,
           they
           always
           had
           some
           of
           their
           great
           Men
           to
           head
           it
           ,
           and
           ,
           in
           the
           whole
           ,
           or
           part
           ,
           pardon'd
           ,
           when
           they
           had
           done
           the
           like
           they
           fear
           now
           :
           And
           if
           any
           one
           of
           the
           great
           Clanns
           doth
           get
           his
           Estate
           ,
           he
           will
           be
           ,
           upon
           any
           opportunity
           a
           Head
           to
           
             new
             Rebellions
          
           :
           But
           if
           they
           be
           quite
           extirpate
           ,
           I
           mean
           the
           Men
           of
           Estates
           ,
           then
           they
           fear
           nothing
           ,
           but
           ,
           in
           the
           end
           ,
           to
           be
           the
           better
           for
           this
           War
           ,
           which
           ,
           they
           hope
           ,
           will
           make
           a
           lasting
           Settlement
           for
           that
           Kingdom
           .
        
         
           I
           had
           almost
           forgot
           a
           remarkable
           difference
           in
           Opinion
           I
           find
           between
           these
           Gentlemen
           ,
           and
           those
           of
           the
           
             New
             Interest
          
           :
           They
           of
           the
           New
           believe
           nothing
           will
           contribute
           more
           to
           the
           enriching
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           than
           the
           bringing
           in
           
             Foreigners
             ,
             Dutch
             ,
             French
          
           ,
           and
           of
           any
           Nation
           ,
           that
           are
           of
           the
           
             reformed
             Religion
          
           ;
           but
           those
           of
           the
           
             Old
             Interest
          
           ,
           that
           are
           the
           Off-spring
           of
           the
           
             first
             English
          
           that
           went
           for
           Ireland
           ,
           have
           differing
           Sentiments
           ,
           and
           say
           ,
           they
           had
           rather
           have
           the
           
             slavish
             Irish
          
           ,
           than
           the
           
             Rhedomontado
             French
          
           ,
           or
           stubborn
           Dutch
           ,
           that
           they
           cannot
           govern
           ;
           and
           I
           find
           the
           old
           English
           of
           Ireland
           have
           always
           been
           jealous
           of
           
             new
             Comers
          
           ,
           which
           makes
           a
           division
           among
           the
           People
           .
        
         
           Seventhly
           ,
           I
           now
           come
           to
           the
           
             seventh
             Query
          
           ,
           what
           the
           Resolution
           of
           them
           in
           general
           is
           ,
           and
           of
           that
           I
           can
           give
           no
           certain
           Account
           ,
           since
           they
           seem
           not
           fixed
           themselves
           ;
           some
           despairing
           ,
           others
           in
           hopes
           ,
           and
           the
           rest
           resolute
           ,
           to
           take
           their
           Fortunes
           there
           :
           But
           by
           the
           nearest
           Computation
           I
           can
           make
           ,
           the
           greatest
           numbers
           
           are
           in
           condition
           neither
           to
           go
           ,
           nor
           stay
           ,
           having
           nothing
           here
           ,
           and
           have
           lost
           all
           there
           .
           These
           are
           Men
           ,
           whose
           Estates
           lay
           all
           in
           Stock
           .
           It
           would
           hardly
           be
           credited
           ,
           how
           much
           these
           Farmers
           exceed
           ours
           in
           their
           Stock
           ;
           it
           being
           common
           for
           Men
           there
           of
           not
           a
           
             penny
             Free-hold
          
           ,
           to
           have
           
             five
             hundred
             Head
          
           of
           
             black
             Cattel
          
           ,
           and
           a
           
             thousand
             Sheep
          
           .
           Many
           of
           two
           and
           
             three
             thousand
             pounds
          
           worth
           of
           Stock
           ,
           all
           which
           being
           lost
           ,
           and
           they
           being
           bred
           to
           no
           other
           Imployment
           ,
           are
           in
           a
           helpless
           Condition
           ,
           their
           Misfortune
           such
           as
           I
           never
           read
           any
           thing
           like
           it
           in
           Story
           ,
           exceeding
           the
           Cruelty
           of
           the
           most
           unchristian
           Government
           .
        
         
           They
           were
           no
           ways
           engaged
           against
           the
           
             late
             King
          
           ;
           no
           not
           so
           much
           as
           pretenders
           to
           any
           of
           the
           
             Irish
             Estates
          
           ,
           but
           many
           of
           them
           Tenants
           to
           the
           Irish
           ,
           pretended
           (
           as
           some
           of
           them
           tell
           me
           )
           to
           be
           zealous
           for
           the
           
             late
             King
          
           ,
           in
           hopes
           ,
           by
           that
           Means
           ,
           to
           keep
           their
           Stock
           ,
           but
           all
           would
           not
           do
           :
           Every
           thing
           they
           had
           swept
           away
           ;
           and
           even
           those
           that
           were
           protected
           ,
           and
           stay'd
           there
           ,
           in
           Obedience
           to
           his
           Proclamation
           ,
           were
           all
           alike
           used
           .
           Now
           what
           Government
           under
           the
           Copes
           of
           Heaven
           did
           ever
           exert
           such
           Authority
           ,
           that
           Obedience
           under
           it
           should
           be
           no
           Security
           .
           I
           had
           like
           to
           have
           wish'd
           those
           Gentlemen
           who
           ,
           under
           pretence
           of
           Conscience
           ,
           advocate
           his
           Cause
           that
           doth
           all
           this
           ,
           were
           under
           his
           Government
           :
           But
           God
           forbid
           there
           should
           be
           more
           Martyrs
           ,
           or
           Sacrifices
           to
           Moloch
           ;
           for
           they
           cannot
           be
           called
           Martyrs
           ,
           that
           suffer
           without
           refusing
           any
           so
           much
           as
           pretended
           Law.
           Those
           Gentlemen
           that
           had
           real
           Estates
           ,
           and
           are
           here
           in
           England
           ,
           I
           find
           most
           of
           them
           in
           want
           of
           Money
           ,
           as
           much
           as
           those
           that
           had
           all
           in
           
             Personal
             Estates
          
           ,
           having
           spent
           all
           they
           brought
           with
           them
           ,
           which
           could
           not
           be
           much
           ,
           by
           their
           
           own
           Computation
           ,
           of
           having
           spent
           
             eight
             hundred
             thousand
             pounds
          
           in
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           which
           is
           
             twenty
             pounds
          
           a
           Family
           ,
           for
           
             forty
             thousand
          
           Families
           (
           they
           say
           )
           are
           in
           England
           ;
           but
           I
           take
           their
           Computation
           of
           Expence
           to
           be
           modest
           ,
           and
           much
           short
           of
           what
           such
           numbers
           must
           have
           spent
           in
           six
           and
           
             nine
             Months
          
           ,
           as
           most
           of
           them
           have
           been
           here
           .
        
         
           I
           have
           no
           more
           to
           add
           ,
           having
           given
           you
           as
           impartial
           an
           Account
           to
           all
           your
           Queries
           as
           possible
           ,
           both
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           their
           Humors
           ,
           and
           present
           Condition
           ;
           I
           beg
           your
           pardoning
           my
           Vanity
           ,
           if
           I
           say
           ,
           that
           I
           believe
           ,
           you
           have
           it
           in
           this
           ,
           with
           more
           Indifferency
           ,
           than
           it
           can
           be
           had
           from
           any
           of
           themselves
           :
           Out
           of
           them
           all
           I
           have
           gathered
           this
           Relation
           ,
           which
           I
           presume
           none
           of
           them
           will
           arraign
           .
        
         
           I
           know
           you
           will
           expect
           my
           Opinion
           ,
           and
           Remarks
           upon
           the
           whole
           of
           my
           Observations
           ,
           which
           are
           more
           than
           I
           could
           commit
           to
           Writing
           ;
           and
           this
           is
           a
           greater
           Difficulty
           than
           all
           the
           rest
           ,
           which
           is
           no
           more
           than
           Matter
           of
           Fact
           :
           But
           this
           of
           making
           critical
           Observations
           ,
           is
           a
           work
           of
           Judgment
           ,
           to
           which
           I
           have
           but
           a
           slender
           pretence
           ;
           however
           my
           Thoughts
           ,
           such
           as
           they
           are
           ,
           you
           have
           as
           follows
           .
        
         
           For
           the
           People
           ,
           you
           have
           their
           Character
           in
           the
           first
           Paragraph
           of
           their
           Original
           :
           They
           are
           ,
           by
           all
           the
           Account
           that
           ever
           I
           meet
           with
           ,
           from
           those
           that
           have
           been
           among
           them
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           the
           most
           hospitable
           People
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           and
           that
           Humour
           carries
           them
           above
           their
           Condition
           in
           their
           Expence
           ;
           they
           generally
           complain
           of
           the
           strait
           Hands
           of
           England
           ,
           especially
           in
           the
           Country
           .
        
         
         
           What
           will
           become
           of
           them
           ,
           is
           past
           my
           Understanding
           ,
           they
           seem
           too
           many
           for
           England
           to
           maintain
           ;
           yet
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           I
           see
           no
           other
           way
           to
           preserve
           them
           from
           starving
           .
           It
           is
           true
           ,
           we
           have
           been
           yet
           at
           no
           Charge
           with
           those
           of
           best
           Quality
           ,
           and
           ,
           for
           ought
           I
           see
           ,
           in
           greatest
           want
           :
           I
           wish
           the
           Pride
           of
           some
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           the
           narrowness
           of
           our
           Hearts
           ,
           have
           not
           already
           sent
           some
           into
           another
           World
           ,
           that
           rather
           pine
           away
           than
           beg
           ;
           I
           have
           heard
           of
           one
           ,
           a
           Man
           of
           
             five
             hundred
          
           a
           year
           ,
           that
           did
           so
           .
        
         
           I
           am
           loth
           to
           censure
           Men
           in
           Affliction
           ;
           yet
           why
           those
           of
           the
           North
           ,
           whose
           Estates
           are
           all
           free
           and
           quiet
           ,
           don't
           return
           ,
           is
           unaccountable
           :
           I
           think
           them
           Enemies
           to
           their
           Country-men
           ,
           that
           have
           yet
           no
           Estates
           to
           go
           unto
           ;
           for
           that
           it
           is
           natural
           for
           us
           to
           believe
           ,
           they
           are
           not
           in
           want
           ,
           who
           will
           not
           go
           to
           their
           own
           Estates
           ;
           and
           some
           may
           have
           the
           same
           Thoughts
           of
           such
           as
           cannot
           .
        
         
           It
           would
           be
           well
           for
           these
           poor
           Gentlemen
           that
           are
           in
           want
           ,
           if
           these
           Men
           were
           distinguished
           ;
           for
           while
           they
           are
           in
           England
           ,
           the
           other
           will
           be
           the
           less
           considered
           .
        
         
           I
           confess
           ,
           it
           was
           at
           first
           a
           surprize
           to
           me
           ,
           that
           Men
           who
           talk
           of
           hundreds
           ,
           and
           thousands
           a
           year
           ,
           in
           the
           North
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           should
           think
           themselves
           entituled
           to
           the
           Charity
           of
           the
           Parliament
           ;
           but
           enquiring
           into
           the
           Matter
           ,
           I
           found
           these
           Gentlemen
           were
           some
           of
           them
           Livers
           here
           before
           this
           deprivation
           ,
           and
           that
           for
           their
           Pleasures
           .
           Others
           (
           I
           may
           say
           most
           of
           them
           )
           are
           making
           Interest
           for
           Employments
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           privy
           Counsellors
           ;
           how
           agreeable
           this
           is
           ,
           
           for
           Men
           to
           neglect
           their
           common
           Interest
           ;
           leave
           their
           Brethren
           there
           in
           Misery
           ;
           and
           now
           they
           might
           help
           ,
           and
           encourage
           them
           by
           their
           return
           ,
           stay
           here
           to
           enjoy
           their
           Pleasure
           ,
           and
           make
           themselves
           great
           Men
           ,
           you
           may
           judge
           .
        
         
           They
           put
           a
           hard
           Task
           on
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           People
           of
           England
           ,
           to
           conquer
           their
           Country
           for
           them
           ,
           if
           they
           will
           not
           at
           least
           sit
           down
           in
           it
           ,
           as
           fast
           as
           it
           is
           recovered
           ;
           so
           that
           the
           King's
           Army
           may
           pursue
           their
           Victories
           ,
           and
           not
           stay
           to
           keep
           the
           Country
           ,
           as
           they
           get
           it
           ;
           they
           to
           whom
           the
           Land
           belongs
           may
           sure
           do
           that
           ,
           or
           else
           the
           King
           must
           raise
           another
           Army
           .
        
         
           There
           is
           no
           comparison
           to
           be
           made
           with
           
           Cromwel's
           Conquest
           ,
           and
           this
           ;
           he
           found
           
             three
             Protestant
             Armies
          
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           all
           the
           North
           in
           their
           Hands
           ,
           and
           most
           of
           the
           chief
           Cities
           and
           Ports
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           :
           The
           Enemy
           a
           shabby
           miserable
           People
           ,
           with
           very
           few
           Arms
           ,
           and
           less
           Ammunition
           ,
           never
           appeared
           in
           the
           Field
           ,
           but
           like
           Tories
           ;
           so
           as
           the
           Gentlement
           of
           Ireland
           say
           themselves
           ,
           their
           Trouble
           was
           to
           find
           them
           :
           But
           now
           it
           is
           not
           so
           ;
           they
           have
           a
           numerous
           Army
           ,
           their
           pretended
           King
           in
           the
           Head
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           Kingdom
           in
           their
           Hands
           ,
           but
           the
           North
           ,
           that
           his
           Majesty's
           Forces
           have
           recovered
           back
           ;
           so
           that
           I
           doubt
           they
           go
           too
           fast
           ,
           that
           think
           we
           might
           have
           regained
           Ireland
           last
           Summer
           .
           I
           most
           lament
           the
           poor
           Protestants
           that
           are
           in
           the
           
             Irish
             Hands
          
           ,
           by
           what
           I
           can
           understand
           ,
           they
           must
           inevitably
           perish
           this
           Winter
           ,
           for
           that
           they
           have
           nothing
           of
           their
           own
           :
           And
           what
           can
           be
           expected
           
           from
           such
           barbarous
           Enemies
           as
           the
           Irish
           ,
           who
           in
           the
           last
           Rebellion
           ,
           murdered
           
             Two
             hundred
             thousand
             Persons
          
           ,
           using
           all
           manner
           of
           exquisite
           Tortures
           ,
           and
           now
           have
           the
           more
           accomplished
           way
           of
           the
           French
           ,
           their
           Masters
           ,
           to
           starve
           the
           Hereticks
           .
        
         
           There
           seems
           no
           prospect
           for
           the
           return
           of
           any
           of
           the
           People
           of
           Ireland
           untill
           next
           Summer
           ,
           except
           those
           of
           the
           North
           go
           to
           their
           Estates
           ;
           if
           they
           do
           ,
           we
           shall
           still
           have
           
             three
             fourths
          
           left
           on
           our
           hands
           ;
           and
           if
           they
           at
           a
           moderate
           Computation
           could
           not
           live
           these
           
             six
             months
          
           past
           for
           
             Six
             hundred
             thousand
             Pounds
          
           ,
           How
           will
           they
           for
           the
           future
           ?
           If
           they
           live
           but
           with
           the
           Allowance
           of
           Prisoners
           ,
           
             Fifty
             thousand
             Pounds
          
           per
           Month
           will
           not
           defray
           the
           Charge
           :
           And
           this
           is
           not
           all
           ;
           suppose
           we
           keep
           them
           alive
           untill
           next
           Summer
           ,
           and
           then
           they
           are
           restored
           to
           Ireland
           ,
           there
           they
           must
           have
           Bread
           ,
           and
           considering
           the
           Want
           of
           our
           usual
           
             Granary
             ,
             France
          
           ,
           and
           our
           great
           Expence
           for
           Naval
           Provisions
           ,
           and
           that
           Corn
           is
           already
           rising
           ,
           I
           cannot
           see
           how
           England
           can
           spare
           any
           ,
           Scotland
           can
           give
           but
           a
           small
           Help
           ;
           so
           then
           our
           Expectation
           must
           be
           from
           the
           East-Sea
           ,
           and
           considering
           that
           all
           Europe
           is
           in
           Arms
           ,
           the
           Expence
           of
           Corn
           will
           be
           greater
           than
           in
           the
           memory
           of
           Man
           ,
           which
           will
           raise
           the
           Price
           so
           ,
           that
           one
           
             Year's
             Provision
          
           of
           Grain
           ,
           allowing
           but
           
             one
             Third
          
           of
           the
           People
           of
           Ireland
           to
           be
           alive
           the
           next
           Year
           ,
           may
           reasonably
           be
           supposed
           to
           cost
           a
           
             Million
             Sterling
          
           ;
           all
           which
           must
           come
           out
           of
           the
           Treasury
           of
           England
           ,
           or
           those
           People
           will
           perish
           by
           Famine
           .
           This
           you
           may
           think
           (
           as
           I
           doubt
           not
           most
           do
           )
           a
           remote
           
           Prediction
           ,
           and
           may
           as
           well
           not
           be
           ,
           as
           come
           to
           pass
           ,
           I
           could
           wish
           it
           were
           so
           ;
           but
           methinks
           ,
           it
           is
           a
           poor
           Confutation
           ,
           only
           to
           say
           ,
           
             It
             will
             not
             be
          
           ,
           and
           yet
           give
           not
           so
           much
           as
           Probability
           for
           the
           contrary
           ,
           when
           for
           my
           Assertion
           there
           is
           plain
           Demonstration
           ,
           and
           former
           Experience
           .
        
         
           But
           you
           will
           then
           say
           ,
           
             What
             will
             be
             the
             end
             of
             all
             this
             ,
             and
             where
             the
             Remedy
             ?
          
        
         
           If
           it
           were
           in
           my
           Province
           ,
           I
           could
           answer
           in
           point
           the
           several
           ways
           that
           are
           open
           for
           it
           ,
           which
           they
           at
           the
           Helm
           no
           doubt
           have
           before
           them
           .
        
         
           To
           comply
           with
           your
           Desire
           ,
           and
           since
           all
           I
           have
           said
           is
           but
           matter
           of
           Discourse
           ,
           not
           Enquiries
           into
           Government
           ,
           much
           less
           Dictates
           to
           it
           ,
           I
           shall
           give
           you
           my
           Thoughts
           
             in
             two
             Particulars
          
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           That
           this
           Course
           taken
           by
           our
           Army
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           in
           that
           we
           call
           delay
           ,
           is
           the
           best
           Expedient
           to
           preserve
           that
           Kingdom
           from
           being
           depopulated
           ,
           I
           mean
           of
           the
           common
           Irish
           ;
           for
           it
           seems
           of
           Consequence
           to
           preserve
           them
           ,
           and
           they
           will
           (
           if
           former
           Experience
           has
           any
           weight
           )
           soon
           become
           demeanable
           to
           the
           English
           Government
           if
           their
           Heads
           are
           removed
           from
           them
           .
        
         
           Now
           had
           our
           Army
           ,
           as
           soon
           as
           they
           landed
           ,
           attacked
           these
           People
           ,
           there
           would
           have
           been
           in
           Probability
           great
           Destruction
           of
           them
           ;
           and
           those
           that
           were
           left
           ,
           thereby
           made
           desperate
           ,
           and
           told
           by
           their
           Leaders
           ,
           nothing
           but
           Destruction
           would
           attend
           them
           ,
           if
           they
           did
           not
           fight
           it
           out
           ;
           and
           nothing
           makes
           a
           Coward
           stout
           like
           Necessity
           :
           If
           Death
           attend
           on
           all
           Parts
           ,
           his
           only
           hope
           is
           the
           Death
           of
           his
           Enemy
           ,
           and
           
           that
           makes
           him
           fight
           :
           Now
           this
           hazard
           is
           prevented
           ,
           by
           giving
           them
           time
           to
           consider
           their
           Danger
           ,
           and
           offering
           them
           Terms
           of
           Peace
           ,
           and
           Enjoyment
           of
           all
           their
           Properties
           :
           I
           still
           mean
           the
           common
           People
           ;
           for
           the
           Landed
           Men
           ,
           I
           find
           by
           all
           Hands
           ,
           are
           never
           to
           be
           restored
           to
           their
           Estates
           :
           But
           the
           Commonalty
           are
           of
           absolute
           use
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           and
           they
           are
           ,
           as
           the
           
             Mantle
             thrown
          
           off
           tells
           us
           ,
           Followers
           of
           their
           Lands
           ;
           whoever
           commands
           the
           one
           ,
           hath
           the
           other
           .
           And
           I
           have
           heard
           the
           Gentlemen
           of
           Ireland
           say
           ,
           that
           their
           
             Irish
             Tenants
          
           would
           in
           their
           common
           Discourse
           say
           ,
           That
           if
           the
           English
           had
           an
           Army
           to
           protect
           them
           ,
           swearing
           the
           common
           Oath
           ,
           by
           their
           Souls
           ,
           they
           would
           keep
           their
           Cabins
           ,
           and
           not
           fight
           to
           get
           Land
           for
           other
           Men
           :
           They
           must
           be
           Slaves
           ,
           let
           who
           will
           have
           it
           ,
           and
           worse
           used
           by
           the
           Irish
           than
           
             English
             Landlords
          
           .
           And
           however
           it
           is
           generally
           said
           ,
           That
           these
           poor
           People
           go
           voluntarily
           into
           their
           Army
           ;
           the
           most
           judicious
           of
           the
           Irish
           Gentlemen
           I
           meet
           with
           ,
           say
           ,
           it
           is
           a
           force
           upon
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           them
           ;
           and
           that
           it
           is
           so
           ,
           I
           believe
           may
           be
           the
           Reason
           of
           Duke
           Schomberg's
           taking
           the
           Methods
           ,
           which
           vulgar
           Heads
           condemn
           ;
           but
           in
           the
           end
           ,
           may
           be
           found
           of
           great
           Advantage
           to
           that
           Kingdom
           :
           For
           that
           it
           is
           more
           than
           probable
           ,
           great
           part
           of
           the
           late
           King's
           Army
           ,
           will
           from
           their
           Winter-Quarters
           run
           home
           to
           their
           Cabins
           from
           a
           Summers
           ,
           this
           year's
           Service
           having
           given
           them
           enough
           of
           the
           Discipline
           of
           War.
           
        
         
           For
           by
           the
           way
           ,
           I
           find
           the
           Irish
           marry
           very
           young
           ,
           so
           that
           of
           their
           Infantry
           ,
           there
           is
           not
           one
           
           of
           ten
           a
           single
           Man
           ,
           from
           whence
           I
           make
           this
           Remark
           ,
           That
           the
           Reason
           which
           is
           usually
           given
           for
           the
           Irish
           ,
           not
           fighting
           so
           well
           in
           their
           own
           Country
           ,
           as
           in
           
             foreign
             Parts
          
           ,
           is
           not
           all
           concluded
           in
           knowing
           where
           to
           run
           upon
           a
           Rout
           ,
           but
           it
           seems
           as
           much
           Reason
           ,
           that
           they
           run
           to
           their
           Wives
           .
        
         
           Upon
           the
           Whole
           ,
           it
           then
           seems
           to
           me
           of
           weight
           ,
           that
           the
           Irish
           have
           this
           Winter
           given
           them
           to
           run
           away
           in
           :
           And
           though
           I
           am
           no
           Prophet
           ,
           yet
           do
           predict
           we
           shall
           have
           a
           slender
           Account
           
             next
             Spring
          
           of
           the
           
             Irish
             Army
          
           ;
           and
           it
           seems
           undeniable
           ,
           that
           this
           way
           of
           bringing
           in
           the
           Irish
           ,
           will
           preserve
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           both
           in
           its
           Provisions
           and
           People
           ;
           for
           that
           the
           Irish
           will
           by
           this
           means
           preserve
           all
           they
           can
           ,
           since
           they
           will
           have
           hopes
           to
           enjoy
           them
           under
           their
           old
           Masters
           ,
           the
           English.
           
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           That
           which
           will
           make
           the
           Settlement
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           easie
           ,
           and
           speedy
           ,
           may
           be
           the
           present
           Return
           of
           those
           that
           fled
           from
           it
           ;
           they
           talk
           of
           many
           thousands
           in
           England
           ,
           and
           ,
           no
           doubt
           ,
           are
           Men
           of
           Courage
           ,
           and
           fit
           for
           Action
           ;
           and
           although
           I
           cannot
           see
           any
           need
           of
           Enlarging
           His
           Majesties
           Troups
           there
           ,
           yet
           these
           Gentlemen
           would
           be
           of
           great
           Use
           in
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           both
           to
           plant
           ,
           and
           secure
           the
           Countrey
           ,
           as
           it
           falls
           into
           His
           Majesty's
           Hands
           ;
           they
           tell
           me
           near
           half
           the
           Kingdom
           is
           so
           already
           ,
           as
           to
           the
           Acres
           ,
           though
           the
           chief
           Towns
           are
           not
           :
           All
           Ulster
           ,
           and
           a
           great
           part
           of
           Connaught
           may
           be
           quietly
           possessed
           by
           His
           Majesties
           loyal
           Subjects
           .
           Now
           if
           they
           were
           there
           ,
           
           all
           the
           foregoing
           Fears
           were
           at
           an
           end
           ,
           and
           that
           of
           the
           great
           Charge
           those
           Gentlemen
           would
           be
           to
           England
           ,
           if
           they
           live
           upon
           the
           Charity
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           .
        
         
           I
           have
           heard
           several
           of
           them
           that
           expect
           the
           Benevolence
           of
           the
           Parliament
           say
           ,
           That
           if
           they
           had
           but
           a
           quarter
           of
           what
           they
           have
           spent
           since
           they
           came
           into
           England
           ,
           to
           carry
           them
           back
           ,
           they
           would
           not
           tarry
           a
           day
           longer
           .
           The
           House
           of
           Commons
           (
           they
           say
           )
           are
           now
           upon
           Addressing
           their
           Majesties
           in
           their
           behalf
           for
           Sixty
           thousand
           Pounds
           for
           a
           Year
           ;
           if
           that
           were
           made
           an
           Hundred
           thousand
           Pounds
           ,
           and
           paid
           them
           in
           one
           entire
           Summ
           ,
           by
           what
           I
           can
           perceive
           ,
           they
           would
           give
           us
           no
           farther
           Trouble
           :
           If
           they
           have
           spent
           eight
           times
           the
           summ
           here
           ,
           we
           may
           afford
           it
           ;
           and
           as
           remote
           as
           some
           think
           that
           Kingdom
           looks
           ,
           I
           have
           the
           Faith
           to
           believe
           we
           shall
           see
           that
           Work
           done
           in
           time
           ,
           to
           visit
           Monsieur
           next
           Summer
           with
           greatest
           part
           of
           that
           Army
           .
        
         
           I
           am
           ,
           
             SIR
             ,
          
           
             Yours
             ,
             &c.