The tryal of Roger Earl of Castlemaine for high treason in conspiring the death of the King, the subversion of the government, and introducing of popery and arbitrary power : before the Lord Chief Justice Scroggs &c. at the King's Bench Bar at Westminster the 23th of June 1680 where he was acquitted. Castlemaine, Roger Palmer, Earl of, 1634-1705. 1681 Approx. 161 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 38 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2006-06 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A63190 Wing T2214 ESTC R27542 09933422 ocm 09933422 44372 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A63190) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 44372) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1369:13) The tryal of Roger Earl of Castlemaine for high treason in conspiring the death of the King, the subversion of the government, and introducing of popery and arbitrary power : before the Lord Chief Justice Scroggs &c. at the King's Bench Bar at Westminster the 23th of June 1680 where he was acquitted. Castlemaine, Roger Palmer, Earl of, 1634-1705. England and Wales. Court of King's Bench. 68 p. Printed for S.G. and N.E. and are to be sold by Randal Taylor, London : 1681. Reproduction of original in the Harvard University Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. 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Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor. The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines. Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Charles -- II, -- King of England, 1630-1685. Trials (Treason) -- England. Popish Plot, 1678. 2006-01 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2006-01 Aptara Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2006-03 Judith Siefring Sampled and proofread 2006-03 Judith Siefring Text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-04 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion BY Vertue of an Order to me granted by the Lords Spiritual and Temporal in Parliament Assembled , dated on Thursday the 28th of Octob. 1680 ; I do appoint Randal Taylor , near Stationers Hall , to Print this Trial of Roger Earl of Castlemaine , and that no other Person or Persons print the same . JO. COMBE . London , Januar. 12. 1680-1 . THE TRYAL OF ROGER EARL OF CASTLEMAINE FOR High Treason , In Conspiring the Death of the KING , The Subversion of the Government , and Introducing of Popery and Arbitrary Power . BEFORE The Lord Chief Justice SCROGGS , &c. At the KING's BENCH Bar at Westminster , the 23th June 1680 : Where he was Acquitted . LONDON , Printed for S. G and N. E. and are to be sold by Randal Taylor near Stationers-Hall , 1681. THE TRYAL OF ROGER EARL of CASTLEMAINE . ROGER PALMER Esque Earl of Castlemaine in the Kingdom of Ireland , having been Arraigned at the Kings Bench Bar the Sixteenth of June 1680 , for High Treason : To which he Pleaded Not Guilty , &c. On Wednesday the 23th of June 1680 , being appointed for his Trial , the Court being sate , and the usual Formalities perform'd , the Lieutenant of the Tower delivered him into Court , and then the said Court proceeded as followeth . Clerk of the Crown , Cryar , Make Proclamation . Proclamation for silence . Cryer , O yes ! Our Soveraign Lord the King doth strictly charge and command all manner of Persons to keep silence upon pain of Imprisonment . O yes ! If any one can inform our Soveraign Lord the King , the Kings Serjeant at Law , the Kings Attourney General , or this Inquest , now to be taken of the High Treason , whereof Roger Palmer Esq ; Earl of Castlemain in the Kingdom of Ireland , stands Indicted , let them come forth and they shall be heard ; for the Prisoner stands at the Bar upon his deliverance . Clerk of the Crown , Cryer , Make an O yes . Cryer , O yes ! You good Men that are empannelled to enquire , between our Soveraign Lord the King and Roger Palmer Esq ; Earl of Castlemain within the Kingdom of Ireland , answer to your Names Clerk of the Crown , Roger Palmer Esq ; Earl of Castlemain in the Kingdom of Ireland , hold up thy hand . These good Men that were lately called and now here appear , are to pass between our Soveraign Lord the King and you upon your Life or Death , if you challenge any of them , you must speak as they come to the Book to be Sworn , and before they are Sworn . JURY . Sir John Cutler Knight and Baronet . Sir Reginald Foster Baronet . Henry Herriott Esq Richard Cheney Esq Thomas Johnson Esq John Robert's Esq Francis Dorrington Esq Hugh Squire Esq Charles Good Esq John Pulford Esq Edward Claxton Esq Francis Mayhew Gent. Cryer , O Yes , Our Soveraign Lord the King doth strictly charge and command all manner of Persons to keep silence upon pain of Imprisonment . C. of the Crown . Roger Palmer Esq ; Earl of Castlemain in the Kingdom of Ireland , hold up your hand . You Gentlemen of the Jury that are now Sworn look upon the Prisoner and hearken to his charge . You shall understand that he stands Indicted by the Name of Roger Palmer Esq ; Earl of Castlemain in the Kingdom of Ireland ; for that he as a false Traytor against our most Illustrious and Excellent Prince and Lord , Charles the Second , by the Grace of God of England , Scotland , France and Ireland King , Defender of the Faith , &c. and his Natural Lord ; not having the Fear of God before his Eyes , nor weighing the Duty of his Allegiance , but being moved and seduced by the Instigation of the Devil , his Cordial Love , true due and Natural Obedience , which true and Faithful Subjects of our said Soveraign Lord the King ought to bear towards him , altogether withdrawing , and contriving , and with all his might intending , to disturb the Peace and common Tranquility of this Kingdom , and to bring and put our Soveraign Lord the King to Death and final Destruction , and alter the true Worship of God within this Kingdom established to the Superstition of the Romish Church , and to stir up and move War against our said Soveraign Lord the King within this Realm of England , and to subvert the Government thereof , the Twentieth day of June in the Thirtieth Year of the Reign of our said Soveraign Lord , Charles the Second , of England , Scotland , France and Ireland , King , Defender of the Faith , &c. at the parish of St. Giles in the Fields in the County of Midd. with divers other false Traitors , to the Jurors unknown , did traiterously imagine and intend the killing , death and final destruction of our said Lord the King , and to change and alter and utterly subvert the Ancient Government of this Kingdom , and to depose and wholly to deprive our said Lord the King of his Crown and Government of this Realm of England , and to extirpate the true Protestant Religion : And to accomplish and fulfil the same most wicked Treasons and Traiterous Imaginations and Purposes aforesaid , the said Roger Palmer Esq ; Earl of Castlemain in the Kingdom of Ireland , and other false Traitors , to the Jurors unknown , the same Twentieth day of June , in the Thirtieth Year aforesaid , with force and Arms , in the Parish of St. Giles in the Fields aforesaid , in the County aforesaid , Advisedly , Devilishly , Maliciously , and Traiterously , did assemble , unite , and gather themselves together , and then and there , Advisedly , Devilishly , Maliciously , Subtily , and Traiterously did consult and agree , to bring our said Soveraign Lord the King to Death and Final Destruction , and to deprive him of his Crown and Government of England , and to Introduce and Establish the Religion of the Church of Rome in this Kingdom ; and the sooner to fulfil and accomplish the same most wicked Treasons and Traiterous imaginations and purposes aforesaid , he then and there did Falsly , Maliciously , and Trayterously promise divers great Rewards , and did pay divers Sums of Money to several Persons unknown ; and then and there falsly and traiter ously did write divers Notes , to incite several other Persons to accomplish the Treasons aforesaid , against the Life of our Soveraign Lord the King , his Crown and Dignity , and contrary to the form of the Statute in such Case made and provided . Clerk of the Crown , Upon this Indictment he hath been Arraigned , and hath pleaded thereunto Not Guilty , and for his Tryal he puts himself upon God and his Countrey , which Countrey you are . Your charge is to inquire , Whether he be Guilty of the High Treason whereof he stands Indicted , or not Guilty ? If you find him guilty , you are to inquire , What Goods and Chattles , Lands and Tenements , he had at the time when the High Treason was committed , or at any time since ? If you find him not Guilty , you are to say so and no more ; and hear your Evidence . Cryer , O yes , If any one will give Evidence on the behalf of our Soveraign Lord the King , against Roger Palmer Esq ; Earl of Castlemain in the Kingdom of Ireland , let him come forth and he shall be heard ; for the Prisoner now stands at the Bar upon his deliverance . M. Bonithon , May it please you my Lord , and you Gentlemen of the Jury , the Prisoner at the Bar stands Indicted for High Treason ; for that he intended to disturb the Peace within this Kingdom establish'd , and to destroy and alter the Government , and to bring the King to Death and Final Destruction , and to alter our Religion to the superstition of the Church of Rome , did on the Twentieth day of June in the Thirtieth Year of the Reign of our Soveraign Lord the King , consult and treat with several other Persons , and that he with these Persons , did agree to destroy the King and alter the Religion , and cause Rebellion ; and further to accomplish these Treasons , he did promise and agree to pay several Accompts and deposite several Sums of Money , and did likewise write and publish several Books . To this he hath pleaded Not Guilty . If we prove these things , you are to find him Guilty . Att. Gen. May it please your Lordship , my Lord Castlemain here stands Indicted for High Treason ; that is , for Designing to Murther the King and alter the Government and Law ; and this is but a parcel of the Plot , which hath been carrying on a great while , and many persons tried for it ; and some have suffer'd and been executed for it . And , my Lord , we will give your Lordship Evidence , This my Lord Castlemain hath at several times conspired the Death of the King , and that he hath reproved persons for not doing it . And , my Lord , he hath been in Consults among Jesuits , where these Matters have been carried on , and this whole Design hath been negotiated . And my Lord Castlemain hath been consenting and agreeing to all these Matters . And , my Lord , when the Trials were in hand , it did appear upon those Trials there were many persons brought from St. Omers to be Witnesses against Dr. Oates , to prove he was not in England at that time when he said in his Depositions that he did consult with the Jesuits ; and these persons my Lord Castlemain had the management and instruction of at that time . And all along at the Old Baily my Lord Castlemain was present there , and did countenance these persons , and was an Intercessor for them . These are but Branches and Circumstances , what is material we will prove by Witnesses . Art. Gen. Come Doctor Oates , Pray tell what you know . Prisoner , My Lord , I have a long time wished for this day ; and your Lordship may very well remember it . The reason why I have so much desired a Trial , is because I thought it a means , and the best means , and the only means to shew to the World my Innocency , and also to shew to the World how much I have been calumniated by this Charge . L. C. J. What have you to say ? Have you any thing to say against Doctor Oates ? Prisoner , No , my Lord. I only say this , here I am a Prisoner at the Bar , and I have pleaded not Guilty , and throw my self upon this Court ; and therefore I am very willing to hear what this man will say . D. Oates , My Lord , I humbly move the Court. Whether or no , I may use my own Method ? L. C. J. Give your Charge , we direct nothing . D. Oates , My Lord , In the year 1677 , I was sent ever into Spain by the Jesuits that were here in England ; where I remained for several months , and transacted Business for them ; and my Lord , I returned from Spain in November , and brought several Letters from some English Fathers there ; among which there was one directed for my Lord Castlemain . My Lord , I did not deliver the Letter to him , but my Lord , the Contents of the Letter were to this effect — L. C. J. How came you to see the Contents ? D. Oates , My Lord , I was at the writing of the Letter , and so I did see the Contents of it . L. C. J. Did the Priests shew it to you ? Or did you only see it yourself ? D. Oates , No , my Lord ; It was shewn me by them : And the Contents of this Letter were , That the Fathers in Spain were very zealous to concur with the Fathers here in England in the Design , which was the Subversion of the Government , altering the Religion , and the Destruction of the King. L. C. J. Was that in the Letter ? D. Oates , No , my Lord , not in words at length . L. C. J. What was , as far as you know , the very Expression of the Letter ? D. Oates , The word Design , my Lord. L. C. J. Only that , to promote the Design ? D. Oates , Yes my Lord : And under that word we did comprehend all those things , that is , as we usually took it among one another . L. C. J. Did you deliver this Letter to my Lord Castlemain ? D. Oates , No , my Lord , I did not deliver this Letter ; but when I went to St. Omers we received an Account from my Lord Castlemain of his receipt of this Letter . L. C. J. What did you do with it ? D. Oates , I left it with the Provincial , my Lord , who was then Mr. Strange . L. C. J. Was it not given to you to give it him ? D. Oates , It was given me to give the Lord Castlemain , but being then a stranger to him , I was willing to send one of his own Messengers with it . L. C. J. Where was my Lord ? D. Oates , I can't tell , my Lord , I did not see him then . I went over to St. Omers in December 77 , or the latter end of November . L. C. J. Where were you when you gave this Letter to the Provincial ? D. Oates , I was in London , my Lord. L. C. J. Where did you receive this Letter ? D. Oates , In Spain , My Lord , at Valledolid , of one Armstrong . L. C. J. Who was it directed to ? D. Oates , To my Lord Castlemain ; but I did not then know him , and so I gave it the Provincial , my Lord , I went over to St. Omers in the latter end of November or the beginning of December 77 , and after I had been there some few days , there did arrive a Packquet from London to St. Omers , in which there was a Letter from my Lord Castlemain . L. C. J. To whom ? D. Oates , To the Fathers of the Society of St. Omers , in which my Lord Castlemain gave them an Account of a Letter that he had lately received from Spain . L. C. J. How did you know the Contents of this Letter ; D. Oates , My Lord , I was Privy to their Letters . L. C. J. Was you acquainted with my Lord Castlemains hand ? D. Oates , My Lord , I will give you an Account of that , I did not know it then , but only as it was generally said among us . L. C. J. How was it subscribed ? D. Oates , Castlemain , My Lord , and sometimes , my Lord , he subscribed himself Palmer . L. C. J. How many Letters have you seen ? D. Oates , Several Letters , L. C. J. Was this the first ? D. Oates , This was the first as near as I can remember . And , my Lord , he gave an Account in that Letter , that he had received a Letter from Spain , and was glad the Fathers in Spain had so good an Opinion of his Integrity in the Caused L. C. J. Did he say from whom he had received it ? D. Oates , My Lord , I can't remember that , that he had received a Letter I am certain . L. C. J. Do you know what the purport of the Letter was ? D. Oates , Yes , my Lord , I will give you a plain Account . My Lord , he wrote he had received a Letter from Spain , and that he was glad the Fathers in Spain had so great confidence in his Integrity . And , my Lord , in March there came another Letter from my Lord Castlemain : for my Lord Castlemain had left some things at Leige , wherein he did complain of the Fathers , that they made no more haste for to send his things to him ; some odd things he had left there , and , my Lord , he gave an Account of a certain Letter he received from the Rector of Liege , whose Advice he did not like , for the Rector of Leige and the Rector of Gant were mighty Zealous that the Secular Clergy should be personally present in this Affair . L. C. J. Did he write so ? I would have you say what he writ . D. Oates , My Lord , I have told you , he gave an Account that he was unwilling to have the secular Clergy engaged , because they were a loose sort of Men , and of no Principles , and therefore he thought them not fit to be trusted . My Lord , in April there was a Consult : I came over from St. Omers in April , some three or four , or five daies before the Consult , I am not able to guess at the particular time , but it was near upon the Consult . My Lord , this Consult was divided into several Companies after they had met at the White-Horse Tavern , wherein they did some things that did relate to the Order , as to send Father Cary to Rome . After that they divided themselves into several Companies , wherein they did agree in ordering the Death of the King. L. C. J. You were by ? D. Oates , My Lord , I was imployed by them to give an Account of the Sense of one company to another . L. C. J. Were you by when they concluded the Death of the King. D. Oates , Yes , my Lord , I was then present . L. C. J. Did you sign among the rest ? D. Oates , My Lord , I don't come here to accuse my self . L. C. J. You are Pardoned if it be so . D. Oates , My Lord , I did consent . My Lord , In this consult they met together , and an Oath of Secrecy was administred , my Lord Castlemain was there too within some few days after the Consult , that is , the Gentleman whom I accuse for Treason , I say , did come , and enquired about the Copies of some Letters for to be sent up into Germany , and did desire that an Agreement between them and the Monks might be made up , there being a difference between them ; so that they might have the Assistance of that Order to carry on the Design . L. C. J. What Gentleman was this ? D. Oates , It was the Prisoner , my Lord , at the Bar. L. C. J. Would the Gentleman let you hear him say , that he desired Assistance to carry on the Design , and you a stranger to him ? D. Oates , My Lord , I do not think I was a stranger to him so much as he was a stranger to me , he knew I was their Servant and employed by them . L. C. J. Would he say in your hearing , that he desired their Assistance to carry on the Design , and you did not know him ? D. Oates , My Lord , I did not well know him at that time , and I brought several Messages from the Fathers , and from Mr. Langhorn , and I gave them an Account before him . L. C. J. How often had you seen him ? D. Oates , That time he was there , my Lord. L. C. J. How many Messages had you ? D. Oates , I will tell your Lordship where I had been , I had been at Mr. Simmonds's , who was then Confessor to the Earl of Aurundel , who is since turn'd Protestant ; Confessor to him as he pretended , and we looked upon him to be . And I had been at Father Cain's , who was in Turnmill-street , and I had been , my Lord , at Mr. Langhorn's in the Temple , and some other places which I do not now remember , it is so long since . So , my Lord , I gave them Account of my business , and I did see that Gentleman , but did not know his Name , till , my Lord , in June . L. C. J. When was this ? D. Oates , This was , my Lord , as near as I can remember in May. L. C. J. So you did not know his Name till Three Weeks or a Month after ? D. Oates , No , my Lord , It was in the latter part of June . J. Jones , You saw him first in May ? D. Oates , Yes , my Lord. J. Jones , And you did not see him till after the Consult ? I don't ask you whether he was there or no , but whether you saw him before the Consult was Signed ? D. Oates , No , my Lord. L. C. J. How did you come to know his Name ? D. Oates , My Lord , In June Mr. Langworth and I were going over Lincolns-Inn-Fields , intending to go to the Fountain in Fullers Rents , because there was a sort of Drink that he loved , and we were to drink together , it was in the Evening , and so in our way as we went , we met with my Lord Castlemain , whom Mr. Langworth did salute , and then we came back to Mr. Fenwick's Chamber . L. C. J. With whom did you come back ? D. Oates , With my Lord Castlemain . L. C. J. Did you know his Name ? D. Oates , Mr. Langworth told me , It was the Prisoner at the Bar , my Lord , and the Prisoner at the Bar was giving an Account of some Letters he had received out of the Countrey ; and Mr. Langworth was giving him an Account how forward the Rector of Leige and the Rector of Gant were in offering to have the secular Clergy engaged with them , and some other Discourse they had which I can't remember , but about the Design . L. C. J. What did they talk of at that time ? You must as near as you can tell us what Discourse they had . D. Oates , I will give your Lordship this , They were speaking of the Transactions of the Consult , and how unanmious the Fathers were in Signing the Consult . L. C. J. Who was speaking of it ? D. Oates , Mr. Langworth and Mr. Fenwick , and my Lord Castlemain was present . L. C. J. They did talk of it ? D. Oates , Yes . L. C. J. Did they mention the particulars of that Consult ? D. Oates , Yes . L. C. J. What was that ? D. Oates , Laying aside the King. L. C. J. And what else ? D. Oates , And bringing in the Popish Religion , the Catholick Religion , I speak their own words . L. C. J. And this Discourse they had in the hearing of my Lord Castlemain . D. Oates , Yes , and my Lord Castlemain said , Now he should be revenged for the Injuries done to him . L. C. J. Go on . D. Oates , I have nothing else to say of my Lord Castlemain , that I can think of at present L. C. J. Now my Lord , you may ask him what Questions you think fit . Prisoner , Mr. Oates , Repeat your Journey again . D. Oates , My Lord , I say this , I went a Ship-board in April , I returned from Valledolid in November , I arrived in London in November , and staid in London some time , and then I went to St. Omers in November or December new Stile or old Stile , I staid at St. Omers , from thence I went to Watton , then , my Lord , in the Month of March we went to Leige , and returned back again : In the Month of April , we came hither , some time before the Consult , and staid here some time after . Prisoner , What time were you at Leige , pray Sir ? D. Oates , In March 77. J. Jones , The end of 77. D. Oates , No , my Lord , we were at St. Omers again in March. L. C. J. You returned in March 77 / 78 D. Oates , Yes , my Lord , the Stile doth so alter . Prisoner , That is before Lady-day ? D. Oates , Yes , my Lord , it was before Lady-day , we Arrived here in London in May or in April , and we staid here some few days . Prisoner , When did you come over again , pray Sir ? D. Oates , My Lord , it is now Two Years ago or better , and I can't remember every particular time . My Lord , we were here in May. Prisoner , I will ask him as many Questions as I think reasonable , and when , my Lord , I do desire times and he can't tell the times , he must tell me so . L. C. J. Mr. Oates , Answer my Lord what Questions he asks you . D. Oates , I will tell my Lord , Castlemain as near as I can remember , my Lord. Prisoner , Mr. Oates , When was it you came over ? D. Oates , Really it was some few days before the Consult . Prisoner , How many days do you think ? D. Oates , Really I can't remember . L. C. J. I suppose you have your Memorials . D. Oates , Really , my Lord , no. L. C. J. Have you any thing more to ask ? Prisoner , Yes , my Lord , a great many Questions . Were you present , Mr. Oates , pray , at that Consult , when I consented to the Kings Death ? Was you by ? D. Oates , I was present at the Consult ; but I do not charge you to be at the Consult . L. C. J. He asks you where it was he agreed to it ? D. Oates , At Mr. Fenwick's Chamber , I remember it was about Seven or Eight a Clock that we were going over Lincolns-Inn-Fields . L. C. J. How long might you be at Fenwicks ? D. Oates , It was about 11 or 12 a Clock I came away . Prisoner , When you met me in Lincolns-Inn-Fields , was I in a Coach or on Foot , or was any body with me ? D. Oates , I can't say whether your Lordship had a Man with you , or no. L. C. J. Was there any body with him ? D. Oates , I did not take notice of that . L. C. J. You were two hours together , pray let me ask you this Question , What was your Discourse about ? D. Oates , That was part of the Discourse , my Lord. L. C. J. What ? You have given us a very short Account of it in Four lines : You were two hours together , What was the main of your Discourse about ? D. Oates , My Lord , I will give you as plainly as I can , the Discourse at that time . C. L. J. Pray let us know what the main of your Discourse was about . D. Oates , One part of their Discourse was about the Revenues of their Colledges , and how they had suffer'd by the French's taking St. Omers , and what losses they had sustained by reason of the change of Government by the Conquest ; for the Crown of Spain had entailed on the Colledge of St. Omers Five or Six Hundred a Year , for the maintaining the Foundation of their House , or Foundation Rent , and it was taken away by reason of the Conquest that France had made over the Spanish Dominions there ; and they were consulting how they should Write to Father Le Chese to be an Instrument to move the French King to restore this Annuity , that was a Settlement entailed upon it . L. C. J. How came you into this Discourse ? D. Oates , This was after the other Discourse . L. C. J. How came you to Discourse this Affair here in England ? D. Oates , I will tell your Lordship as near as I can remember : When we met in Lincolns-Inn-Fields , Mr. Langworth recommended me to my Lord Castlemain , and bad me take notice of him . I can't say this is my Lord Castlemain , but this is that Man I saw . L. C. J. Did he call him by his Name ? D. Oates , He told him that I was such a one , and that I was serviceable to them . And upon our way as we went to Mr. Fenwick's Chamber , he inquired into the Causes of my coming over so soon again , for he said I went over but last Month. Said he , How came it to pass he came over so soon again ? Saith he , We wanted him to do some business for us . And there were more particulars of the Transactions of the Consult mentioned to my Lord Castlemain . L. C. J. How did they bring in the Particulars of that Design ? D. Oates , This is as near as I can remember . L. C. J. How came they to talk of laying aside the King and bringing in the Catholick Religion ? D. Oates , My Lord , After they had given an Account of the Transactions of the Consult : This was one part of the Consult . L. C. J. Pray how came they to bring it in , in Discourse ? D. Oates , My Lord , they spake of the particulars of it . L. C. J. I wonder what introduced the particulars : Was it to acquaint him with those particulars ? D. Oates , My Lord , I have nothing to say to that , they were things so generally talked of by those of the Jesuitical party , that when ever they met , they scarce did talk of any thing else but of that , and so they did at this time . L. C. J. Pray tell me the whole discourse , as you can remember , that relates to this time . D. Oates , My Lord , I have told your Lordship , we met with my Lord Castlemain in Lincolns-Inn-Fields . I have told you , my Lord , that we went to Mr. Fenwicks , I have told you , my Lord , that after some Discourse ( how it was introduced ; I cannot be positive , but as near as I can remember ) they were speaking of my going over and coming again so soon , my going from the Consult to St. Omers and returning again into England so soon , and so one word brought in another . L. C. J. Did you know then that my Lord Castlemain had ever heard of this matter before ? D. Oates , My Lord , I don't know ; but I am morally certain as to my self ; but I can't swear he did ? Att. General , Did he speak of it to him as a stranger to it ? D. Oates , No. J. Jones , By the Letter you spake of he knew before . L. C. J. Answer my Brother's Question , Was the Letter you had seen , before or after that Discourse at Fenwicks ? D. Oates , My Lord , that was after the Consult . L. C. J. Then you know he did know of the Design ? D. Oates , My Lord , I think not of the particulars of the Design . L. C. J. That is , he knew of this Design for the main . When you talk of the Design you always mean the Consult ? D. Oates , No , my Lord , when we say the Consult , we mean what was agreed on at that Consult , not concerning these matters that were done Six Months before . L. C. J. Mr. Oates , Tell me when you mention the Design and the Consult . Do not you alwaies mean the Death of the King and the bringing in Popery ? D. Oates , Yes , my Lord , but the terms are not convertible : For , my Lord , when we say the Consult , there was something else done , my Lord , as that Consult which had not an absolute Relation to the Design , and of that I will give your Lordship one instance , as the sending Father Cary to Rome , which they did in some Three Years . L. C. J. Some trivial matters concerning their own Government , but the thing you talk of is the same Consult and Design . D. Oates , When I speak of the word Design , it was so taken among us , and so received by my Lord Castlemain . L. C. J. How can you say it was so received by him ? D. Oates , Because he used the same word , and answered us according to our Interpretation . J. Jones , My Lord , he speaks of the Design thus , There was a Design for the Killing the King , there was a Design of the Priests and Fathers for it ; but , saith he , Afterwards there was a general Consultation , and this Design came to be form'd by this general Consult , which my Lord Castlemain , as he thinks , had no knowledge of till the time they met together in Lincolns-Inn Fields , and afterward went and discours'd about it . L. C. J. It is very fair , that he doth not know that my Lord Castlemain had any knowledge before the Consult of this business ; but , he says , The Design upon which the Consult was , that he might know , which was to destroy the King , and bring in Popery . And he says , My Lord Castlemain did understand this word Design in that sense they did ; because he answered their Letters according to their Interpretation of it . How do you know he understood the word Design in its utmost capacity as you understood it ? D. Oates , When we have our Words , we have our Keys whereby we understand them . But I will answer this Question to the satisfaction of the Gentlemen of the Jury . My Lord , he hath many times spoken in his Letters of introducing the Popish Religion , and annext it to the word Design of promoting the Catholick Religion here in England . L. C. J. Now methinks you have brought the word Design to something else than Killing the King. D. Oates , Yes , my Lord , The Subversion of Religion and the Government . L. C. J. Did he put in Government ? Did he talk of bringing in the Catholick Religion and altering the Government . D. Oates , No , my Lord , I won't say that . L. C. J. When we are examining concerning Mens lives , we must be careful of their words in such matters . D. Oates , One part of my Evidence I have omitted , Your Lordship did ask me how I came to know my Lord Castlemain's hand . My Lord , somtimes we received Letters from him subscribed Palmer , and sometimes subscribed Castlemain , sometimes some other Name which I may not remember ; and they were generally received as from him . And I have seen my Lord Castlemain write , for that Night , as near as I remember , it was Post-night . L. C. J. At Fenwick's Chamber ? D. Oates , At Fenwick's Chamber , and my Lord Castlemain did write a Letter , subscribed it and sealed it , and I was fain to go to the General Post-House , it was so late . J. Jones , What did he subscribe then ? D. Oates , No , my Lord , I saw no more than the Superscription . L. C. J. Then you did not see his Name to it ? D. Oates , No , my Lord. My Lord Castlemain did ask , Why he had not Answers to such and such Letters ? For several Letters I had seen which were not of much moment . L. C. J. I wish you had one that was of moment . D. Oates , It cannot be expected , my Lord , that I should have them . L. C. J. My Lord , ask him what you please . Prisoner , You say , Mr. Oates , you received Letters from me in Spain . D. Oates , I never said so . Prisoner , You saw Letters in Spain from me ? D. Oates , Yes , I have seen Letters in Spain that were from you . Prisoner , Look you , Mr. Oates , Pray let me ask you a Question , you said this , That you did not know me when you met me at the Consult ? D. Oates , What Consult ? Prisoner , At Fenwick's Chamber . D. Oates , I did not know you at Wild-house . Prisoner , There you met me first . D. Oates , There I met the Prisoner at the Bar. L. C. J. He says he did not know you at Wild-house , but he came to know you by Langworth in Lincolns-Inn-Fields , and then you went together to Fenwick's Chamber . Prisoner , Mr. Oates , Did not you say , that at Wild-house you did not know me , nor I you ? L. C. J. He says he can't tell whether you knew him or no , but he did not know you . Prisoner , Was I familiar with you ? D. Oates , No , my Lord. Prisoner , Did I talk Treason at Wild-house ? D. Oates , It was the Discourse of the day , but I do not remember every particular of the Discourse , but I remember what your Opinion was concerning the Rector of Liege and the Rector of Gant. Prisoner , Was there any thing about killing the King at Wild-house ? D. Oates , Really my Lord , I can't remember , I wont charge it there because I am upon my Oath ; though I morally believe , as to my self , that there was discourse bad enough there . Prisoner , Mr. Oates , Pray will you hear me , then the acquaintance I had with you was by Mr. Langworth , and then we went that Night to Fenwick's Chamber , and there we staid very long , and there we had all this Discourse ? D. Oates , Yes . Prisoner , Look Mr. Oates , Was there any by besides Mr. Langworth and Mr. Fenwick ? D. Oates , Really , my Lord , I don't remember any body was by , unless a Maid might come to fill a Cup of Drink or so . Prisoner , Mr. Oates , Pray Mr. Oates , did you and I ever meet together after that time ? D. Oates , Really , my Lord , I can't be exact in that . Prisoner , Did you never see me nor Discourse with me after that time ? D. Oates , I cannot recollect my self as to that I cannot remember . L. C. J. He does not remember that ever he was with you afterwards ? Prisoner , You don't know whether ever I discours'd with you afterwards ? D. Oates , I don't remember . Prisoner , Very well , Mr. Oates , Look , you , Sir , you don't remember that I ever had any Discourse with you after that time ; and no body was by but Mr. Fenwick and Mr. Langworth ? D. Oates , As I remember . Prisoner , Was not there another Priest there ? D. Oates , There is no body occurs to my Memory . Prisoner , Mr. Oates , you brought me Letters from Spain . D. Oates , I brought a Letter from Spain directed to ●ou in 77. Prisoner , Was I in Town or out of Town ? D. Oates , I delivered it to the Provincial . Prisoner , You went over to Liege ; did not you see me there ? D. Oates , No , my Lord , I did not see you there , I only went to wait upon a Gentleman that was a Priest afterwards , that went to take orders . Prisoner , Did you not see me at Liege ? D. Oates , No , my Lord. Prisoner , You were at Liege , did you stay there ? D. Oates , I lay there one Night . Att. General , Have you any thing to ask , my Lord ? Prisoner , Presently , my Lord. J. Jones , It is very reasonable my Lord should question you . You own him to be the Lord Castlemain , When was it you did first discover this business concern●●g my Lord Castlemain ? D. Oates , My Lord , I did discover my Lord Castlemain to be in the Plot , the Last Sessions of the Long ●arliament , and I accused my Lord Castlemain this ●rinity Term was Twelve Months , and my Lord Castlemain was committed : for when Mr. Dangerfield came in and accused my Lord Castlemain , I brought a Charge a second time against my Lord Castlemain . J. Jones , Did you discover all this then ? D. Oates , I did charge him for having an hand in the Design in general . J. Jones , To the Parliament ? D. Oates . Yes , to the Parliament . Prisoner , You say when I assented to the Kings Death in Fenwick's Chamber , that I said , I should now find a time to be reveng'd . D. Oates , Pray , my Lord , don't put me to mention such reflecting Evidence . Prisoner , When you were before the King , you did in pursuance of this speak of a Divorce . D. Oates , My Lord , I will give Evidence as to that if that my Lord comes to be Indicted for his Priesthood . L. C. J. My Lord may ask what Questions he shall think fit . Att. General , My Lord says he has said it , and what he said in another place he is not to treat now of . Prisoner , Suppose I can prove him an Ill Man in any place , is not that fit to be spoken of here ? Since he hath brought the King upon the Stage , and since he hath accused me before the King and your Lordships of a Devorce , I ask him whether he saw it ? D. Oates , I will tell your Lordship what I said as to the Divorce , I heard it discours'd of generally among the Fathers beyond Sea , and this was some other part of the Discourse at Wild-house ; and I heard my Lord Castlemain say that he had been at great charg to carry on that business of the Divorce . Prisoner , At Wild-house ? D. Oates , At Wild-house . Now , my Lord , I took no notice of it , because it was not my business . But , my Lord , after that there was a Priests Chamber that was searched , and there was the whole Case stated ; now what is become of the State of that Case , my Lord , I cannot tell . L. C. J. By whom was that Case stated ? D. Oates , There was a Letter found , whereby my Lord Castlemain should have the matter directed , in order to the carrying on the Divorce that was to be between him and his Wise Barbara . Prisoner , Did not you tell the King that you saw the Divorce in Strange's hand ? D. Oates , My Lord , I will tell you this , I gave an Account to the King , that I saw in Strange's hand an Acconnt of a Divorce that was between my Lord Castlemain and Barbara Dutcheis of Cleaveland . Recorder , My Lord , if he ask too many Questions that don't relate to this matter , it is impossible to give an Account of every particular . Prisoner , My Lords , I humbly submit this Case . Recorder , Ask him what you said to such a man upon the Ninth of August was Twelve Month , must he give an Account ? L. C. J. He must say he does not know . Recorder , Indeed it is reasonable that my Lord Castlemain should ask him some questions , and that Mr. Oates should give him an Account . Att. General , My Lord , will you give me leave to speak ? If he may ask questions about such forreign matters as this , no man can justify himself . L. C. J. This is not so mighty remote but use may be made of it . Att. General , If he should ask whether he were such a day at such an house , and tell him yes , and mistake the day ; any man may be catch'd thus . Prisoner , How can a man be catch'd in the Truth ? Att. General , My Lord Castlemain may , if he can , catch him in any thing he gives in Evidence here . Prisoner , My Lord , if your Lordship over-rule me , I will say no more . Mr. Atturney says I come to catch him , I confess I do . Att. General , You should not ask him Forreign Questions . L. C. J. He asks a plain Question , why do you labour so much that he should not ask , Whether he had seen the Divorce ? My Lord Castlemain , I have askt the question for you , Whether or no he said he had seen the Divorce ? and he does not remember whether he said so or no. Att. General , My Lord , I think with your Lordships leave , that he is not bound to answer Questions , that are not to the Evidence . L. C. J. If so be he would come to make Application , it may be well enough . Att. General , I say it for the Method of the Evidence , my Lord , that I would not have these Excursions . Prisoner , I desire your Lordship that I may say out what I have to say . I say this , that no man in the World that speaks truth can be catch'd , neither will Mr. Atturney suffer me to catch him . Att. General , I say you have liberty to catch him in any thing that doth belong to the Evidence . Prisoner , I come to shew you the fitness of it to this Affair . He comes and tells you , among other Consults , of Wild-house , and my meeting him in Lincolns-Inn-Fields , the recommendations of Mr. Langworth , and going to Fenwicks Chamber , where we talk'd of altering the Government , and my assenting to kill the King : and since you have brought the King upon the Stage , I will refresh your Memory a little , since you talk of revenging my self , look you if you did not mention a Divorce to the King and also to my Lord Chief Justice . Att. General , My Lord , you are under a mistake . Prisoner , Pray give me leave , Mr. Atturney . Att. General , You make such Excursions into Forreign Matters . Prisoner , Mr. Oates , you did say you saw a Divorce , I ask you whether you saw a Divorce , and where , or whether you said so ? L. C. J. He says , he does not remember he said so . D. Oates , I do not remember whether I said so or no , my Lord , I have it down but indeed I did not set my thoughts a-work . Att. General , He hath given you an Answer that may satisfie you . J. ●aymond , He hath Papers wherein he hath entred Memorandums to refresh his Memory , but these Papers he hath not by him . L. C. J. Then he may say he hath not . Att. General , That he hath already , my Lord. L. C. J. Have you any more to say ? Prisoner , I have , my Lord , if you will give me leave to write down two words . Prisoner , Mr. Oates , You told my Lords the Judges that I did say , I was at great expence about a Divorce . Dr. Oates , Yes , Prisoner , That is very well , Mr. Oates . Att. General , Call Mr. Dangerfield . [ D. Oates was going out of the Court. Prisoner , May Mr. Oates go out of the Court. Court , Yes , yes . D. Oates , I will be within call , my Lord. Prisoner , I only submit it to your Lordships , Whether or no a Witness may go out of the Court ? D. Oates , I will stay then . Att. General , Swear Mr. Dangerfield . Prisoner , Pray stay . L. C. J. Why so ? Prisoner , Here I am a Prisoner , my Lords , and submit it to your Lordships , Whether or no Mr. Dangerfield , who hath had the Censure of this Court , may be a Witness ? Whether or no Council shall shew reasons to your Lordship , whether he may speak or no. J. Jones , You must shew your Exceptions that you have against him . Prisoner , My Exception is this , That he was convicted of Felony , that he broke Prison , and was outlawed upon it . Besides this , my Lord , he is a Stigmatick , hath stood in the Pillory and was burnt in the hand . Now I humbly beseech your Lordships , that you will be pleased to hear what my Council can say , and then , my Lords , if your over-rule , I shall give place with all my heart . L. C. J. I think it reasonable , if you desire Council , that they should be allowed to speak . Att. General , If your Lordship please , when my Lords Exceptions appear . J. Jones , What are your Exceptions , my Lord ? Prisoner , That I told you , before-hand , he is an outlawed person , he is convicted of Felony . J. Jones , When was he out-lawed ? Att. General , In the 27th . Year of the King , and we say he hath a Pardon in the 30th Year of the King. L. C. J. How do you prove he was burnt in the Hand , my Lord ? Att. General , When was he burnt in the Hand ? Prisoner , Call Briscoe . Att. General , We bring a Pardon unto that , and that will restore him . [ A Record produced . Att. General , That Record we confess , shew the Pardon , shew the Pardon . L. C. J. Now go to that for which he was burnt in the hand . Att. General , Here is a Pardon that extends to them all . [ The Pardon Read ; Decimo tertio die Januarii Anno Regni , &c. L. C. J. This does not do it . Att. General , Yes , my Lord , it does . L. C. J. Is that the Newgate Pardon ? Att. General , Yes , my Lord. L. C. J. We have had it in the Court. Att General , Yes , my Lord. L. C. J. And Felony and Outlawry is in it ▪ Att. General , Yes , my Lord. L. C. J. Where is that for which he was burnt in the hand ? Att. General , For that we give an Answer ; he was received to the benefit of his Clergy , and he was burnt in the hand , and his Pardon is after that too . L. C. J. So it is . Att. General , Then his Pardon answers them all . L. C. J. Now you see , my Lord , you think Dangerfield ought not to be a Witness , who hath gone through so many Pnnishments , out-lawed for Felony , and burnt in the hand for Felony ; Mr Atturney makes Answer , we have a Pardon , and by that he is restored , as he says , to be a Witness again . If you desire Council to speak to this point , Whether or no a man branded and burnt in the hand for Felony , and afterwards is pardoned , is capable of being a Witness ? I see no reason to deny it you . Att. General , If there be matter for Council to speak in that Case , we must submit , if your Lordship make it a doubt . L. C. J. I do for my own part ; in this I am clear , if a Man were Convicted of Perjury , that no Pardon will make him a Witness , because it is to do the Subject wrong . A Pardon does not make a Man an Honest Man , it takes off reproaches ; and the Law is wise in that , the Law will not suffer endless contumelies to be heaped upon Men , nor to be call'd perjured Rascalls , and such things . It is only to prevent upbraiding Language , which tends to the breach of the Peace . But in my Opinion , if a Man stands Convicted in Court , for Perjury , no Pardon can ever make him a Witness and set him upright again . But that is a different Case from this , we are upon this single Case , Whether a Man that is burnt in the hand for Felony , whether a Pardon can set him right or no ? For this I make more doubtful than the other : for a Man may be , that hath committed a Robery , would be afraid to forswear himself ; for though one is a great , the other is a greater Sin , and that in the Subject matter ; which considered , I think it reasonable to allow my Lord Council to speak to that single point , That a Person being burnt in the hand for Felony , and afterwards Pardoned , whether he is capable of being a Witness ? Prisoner , Then I do name Mr. Jones ; Mr. Saunders , and Mr. Darnal . L. C. J. Very well . [ Mr. Saunders was call'd , but was not in Court. L. C. J. Are you prepared , Mr. Jones , to speak ? Mr. Jones , No , my Lord. J. Jones , My Lord , do you except against that one particular ? Prisoner , I stand upon both ; his being Pillored and Burnt in the hand . L. C. J. Will you admit that he stood in the Pillory ? Att. General , I know nothing of it . L. C. J. I will tell you , my Lord , you will see whether it be necessary to protract this or no ; for your Council will hardly undertake to argue unprepared about this Point , and if the Tryal should be Adjourn'd , it would be very troublesome . I think it the duty of my Place to discharge my Conscience for you and against you as the matter shall fall out ; and if so be that you should insist upon it ; and he be capable of being a Witness , supposing it so ; yet I must say , you may give in the Evidence of every Record of the Conviction of any sort of Crimes he hath been guilty of , and they shall be Read. They say last day there were Sixteen , if there were an Hundred they should be Read against him , and they shall all go to invalidate any Credit that is to be given to any thing he shall Swear . Prisoner , My Lord , I humbly submit my self to your Lordship . Sixteen we have , I bring but Six . You shall have them Mr. Atturney when you please . L. C. J. My Lord , if you think it worth you while to put it to Council , to argue , Whether he may be a Witness , or whether you think it may be as well for you , supposing he be a Witness , the producing those things against him , or the Records of those Crimes that he hath been Convicted of ; whether that will be as well for you or no , I leave it to your self to do as you think best ? Mr. Darnal , I conceive with submission to your Lordship that he cannot be a Witness . L. C. J. Are you prepared to speak to it now ? Mr. Darnal , My Lord , I am ready to offer somewhat to your Lordship why I conceive he ought not to be Sworn : but I desire first that the Pardon may be Read , because many Persons and Offences are comprized in it . L. C. J. It is a Pardon for Felonies and Out-lawries of Felony in general . Mr. Darnal , If the Persons and their Offences are severally and sufficiently pardoned , then , my Lord , I will proceed unto the other Point . J. Jones , The whole is good . D. Darnal , Then , my Lord , I conceive , notwithstanding this Pardon , Mr. Dangerfield ought not to be Sworn , and that no Person attainted of Felony ( though Pardon'd ) can be a Witness . My Lord , it hath been Adjudged in 11 Henry the 4th . Quadragessimo primo , that a Man Attainted of Felony ( as Mr. Dangerfield is ) though he be afterwards Pardoned , cannot be Sworn of a Jury . My Lord , the same question hath been resolved since , In Nono Jacobi . It is reported in Mr. Brownlow's and Goldsborough's Reports , Folio Tricessimo Quarto . And my Lord Cook in Mr. Bulstrode's Second Reports , 154. In Brown and Crashaw's Case , is of the same Opinion . He says , A Man Attainted and Pardon'd , cannot serve upon any Inquest , and that by the same reason the Testimony of such a man for a Witness is in all Cases to be rejected . L. C. J. Who says so ? Mr. Darnal , My Lord Cook. L. C. J. Men do not slight my Lord Cook. Where do you say that is ? Mr. Darnal , It is in Mr. Bulstrode's Second Reports , in Brown and Crashaw's Case , Fo. 154. J. Jones , But you should have brought these Books hither . Mr. Darnal , I suppose Sir they may be had in the Hall. My Lord Cook gives this Reason for it in that Case , He saith , That notwithstanding his Pardon he is not Probus & legalis homo J. Jones , That Pardon was before any Judgment it was a Pardon of Felony before any Tryal or Judgement ; but here is a Conviction . Mr. Darnal , My Lord Cook puts the case there of a Man Attainted . And , my Lord , Induodecime Jacobi , It is reported in Brownlow's Reports , Folio . 47. J. Raymond , Which of his Reports ? Mr. Darnal , I know but of one set out in his Name alone , the other ( which is call'd the First Part ) is sett out in his and Goldsborough's Name . I have Mr. Brownlow's Reports here , and if your Lordship please you may see it . L. C. J. What is the Page ? Mr. Darnal , Forty Seven , my Lord , The case there reported is , The King Pardon'd a Man Attaint for giving a false Verdict ; yet he shall not be at another time Empannell'd upon any Jury ; and the reason given there is , that though the Punishment was Pardon'd , yet the Guilt remain'd . J. Jones , That is a very short Note , and not so much in the Book as you have mentioned . Mr. Darnal , I writ it word for word out of the Book , Sir , and I am sure there is so much in my Book . My Lord , in Mr. Justice Crooke's Elizabeth , Fol. 686. in Shelborn's Case , it is held , that though the King may Pardon Simony , yet he cannot enable a Simoniack to retain a Living . L. C. J. The Act doth make him not capable . Mr. Darnal , I conceive , Sir , it is upon the same reason , because the Pardon cannot take away the Guilt , though it may the Punishment of the Offence . J. Raymond , He can't dispense with Simony , he can't give a dispensation to take a Living . Mr. Darnal , My Lord , upon these Resolutions and the reason of them , I humbly submit it to your Lordship , whether Mr. Dangerfield ( having been Attainted of Felony , though he be since Pardon'd ) can be a Witness . Att. General , My Lord , with your Lordships Favour , this is quite contrary to the constant and general Opinion , and contrary to the constant Practice : For , my Lord , with your Lordships Favour , when a Man is Pardon'd for any Crime , if a Man can't say he is a Felon , or he is Perjured , then he can't be reckoned so to any intent or purpose whatsoever . L. C. J. I told you before it is consonant to all the Reason and Law in the World , that a Pardon should stop Mens Mouths from reviling speeches that signifie nothing : but it is one thing to say men shall not go reviling , that can have no consequent good , but which tends to the Breach of the Peace , and another thing to say he shall be Liber . Att. General , My Lord , when the King gives him a Pardon , it is as if he had never committed the Offence . L. C. J. He may be outlawed , notwithstanding the Kings Pardon , and then it is not as if he had never committed the Offence . J. Jones , It restores him to wage battle , and it makes him Liber & legalis homo : for if a man may wage battle , he is Liber & legalis homo . Att. General , Then , my Lord , if he be so , he shall be a Witness : For my Lord , in the Point of Perjury , a man that after a Conviction of Perjury had a Pardon , hath been admitted several times . L. C. J. Was the Exception taken , Mr. Atturney ? Att. General , Yes , my Lord , and he rejected before he had a Pardon . J. Raymond , How many Men have been Witnesses that have been convicted of Felonies , after the Kings have Pardon'd them ? Recorder , I will not adventure to say that there hath been a particular Objection made , and so that the Court hath had the Debate of it : but I will undertake to give your Lordship several instances of Men that have been Convicted , and the Judges sitting there knew them to be so Convicted , and did not take notice of it . J. Raymond , I speak of Witheringon particularly ? Recorder , He was a Witness , though every man did know that Witherington was Convicted . I begg your Lordships leaves to speak it , that the Judges themselves did know that he was Convicted and had received Sentence of Death . Sir F. W. The constant Practices of the Judges is a mighty Conclusion . L. C. J. What think you , Mr. Atturney , if a Man be Convicted of Felony , and afterwards hath a General Pardon , is he a Witness . Att. General , Yes , truly , my Lord , it signifies the same thing , my Lord , as to be a Freeman again . J. Jones , He cannot be of a Jury , if he be Attainted of Felony , and the reason is because he is not Probus & legalis homo : and why he should not as well be of a Jury as a Witness I cannot understand . Att. General , There is a great deal of difference , my Lord , a great many Men may be admitted to be Witnesses that cannot be admitted to be Jury men . J. Jones , Shew me any man that is excluded from a Jury and admitted to be a Witness , except in the case of Kindred . Att. General , An hundred . L. C. J. Shew me any Man who being of a Jury was excluded , and yet made a Witness . Att. General , A Villian was not admitted to be a Jury man , but a Villain was always to be a Witness , and that was a point of Infamy . L. C. J. What Infamy was contain'd in being a Villain ? Att. General , He was a Criminal , he was not Liber homo . L. C. J. But though he be not a Freeman , he may be an honest man. Recorder , My Lord Hobart says , A Pardon takes away the Guilt . L. C. J. It takes away Guilt so far as he shall never be questioned ; but it does not set a Man as if he had neuer Offended . It cannot in reason be said , a Man guilty of Perjury is as Innocent as if he had never been Perjured . Att. General , I say if a Man be Pardoned he is as if he were not Guilty . L. C. J. If I were in my Lord Castlemain's Case , I would submit it ; but when he hath given his Testimony , my Lord shall have liberty to give in the Records against him of what Crimes he hath committed . J. Jones , I do confess indeed that my Lord Hales in his little Book of the Pleas of the Crown , saith , That a Man that hath had the benefit of his Clergy , is restored to his Credit . J. Raymond , If that case be allowed it is a plain case , for there is no Man can wage Battle , but he that is Liber & legalis homo . Recorder , A Man broke Prison and therefore he could not wage Battle , he replies the King hath Pardoned me that Felony , and thereupon he is admitted to wage Battle . J. Jones , Where there is no Judgment given in the Case , and the King doth Pardon a Man , that doth make a very great difference . Recorder , In the Case of Witherington , my Lord Chief Justice did look upon the Records , and afterwards said he was a good Witness and was Admitted . Prisoner , If you have Law by you I must consent . L. C. J. Then you must consent . Recorder , There are several Persons , who have had Pardons after Robberies , and we are forced to make use of some of these Fellows . L. C. J. Before Conviction . Recorder , No after Conviction , my Lord , I have known a Prisoner at the Bar , when my Lords the Judges have been there ; to be a Witness . And if the Court had made any doubt , it would have been a Question before this time of day . Att. General , My Lord , if you please Mr. Dangerfield may be Sworn . If your Lordship pleases . L. C. J. My Lord shall have the benefit of excepting against his credibility . Then Mr. Justice Raymond went down to the Court of Common Pleas , to know their Opinion . J. Jones , Have you any other Witness in the mean time ? Att. General , No , my Lord , he is a principal Witness . Sir F. W. Besides the common Practice , here is a Book that says , he shall wage Battle . J. Jones , That is , when there is a Pardon before Conviction . Sol. General , But here , my Lord , he says the Reatum is taken away , and then it takes away his disabilities too . The difference can be nothing here before Conviction , and after , because before Conviction there is a disability , before Conviction he is disabled from waging Battle : So that that makes no difference before Conviction , and other Cases after Conviction , and the disability is taken away by the Pardon , and he is restored to be a Freeman . L. C. J. There is a disability upon Presumption , tho not upon Conviction . Sol. General , There is the same legal impediment in the one as in the other : but his Credit is left to the Breast of the Jury . Recorder , When a Pardon comes , it takes away not only Poenam but Reatum , and the Reason my Lord Hobart gives . L. C. J. Nay give your Reason . Recorder , For Felony is Contra Coronam & Dignitatem , is a Fault against the King , and when the King Pardons it , it ceases ; and in another place it is said , It Pardons all disabilities incident to him . J. Jones , That is before Conviction still . L. C. J. Don't my Lord Cook tell you expresly , That the taking a Pardon doth not prove any Offence ? You take a Pardon , it ought not to be concluded that you are Guilty ; but the proper conclusion of a Wise Man is , that you would be safe : It can't be thought that every Man that hath a Pardon in England is guilty of all those Offences that are there Pardoned . J. Jones , There is a difference between a General Pardon and a particular Pardon ; when a Man doth accept of a special Pardon , it must be intended that he hath some Consciousness of Guilt , or else he would not take it ; but he that is Included in a general Pardon , may be clear , because all Men are Included in it , unless some Persons particularly excepted ▪ and the difference is taken in that very point from accepting a General and a Special Pardon . L. C. J. That the Acceptance of a General Pardon , doth not barely of it self intend Men to be Guilty of the Crimes , is plain , and the reason is most apparent , for besides that Men be safe , so there be times that give a Reason why Men should have a Pardon , because no man knows when he is safe ; Perjury so abounds that no man can say he is safe , and that is a Reason why Men should be very willing to accept of Pardons . Clerk of the Crown , Here 's my Lord Hales's Book about the Pleas of the Crown . Recorder , He says when the King hath discharged and pardoned him , he hath cleared the Person of the Crime and Infamy . J. Jones , It is so no doubt . Sir F. W. May we pass upon these Authorities ? J. Jones , Sir Francis , We are not willing to go about it till it be concluded , for that purpose we have desired my Brother Raymond to know the Judges Opinions of the Common Pleas. Recorder , He doth expresly say it hath restored him to his Credit , and in Witherington's Case he did call for the very Records . Att. General , If it restore him to his Credit , I hope it shall not blemish him so much when he is Sworn , that he shall not be believed . L. C. J. We won't have any prepossession in that Case , his Crimes shall be all taken notice of : Is it fit to have Men Guilty of all sorts of Villanies , and not to observe it . J. Jones , In that very Case , my Lord Hobart says , A Man may say of a Pardoned Man , he was a Felon , though he cannot say now he is a Felon , and now what can be objected to this Case ? Recorder , Things may be objected against a Person , and his Credit left to the Jury , but the Question now is ; Whether he shall be a Witness or no ? L. C. J. We have Men grown so Insolent , they behave themselves with that vile Insolence , that now they take upon them to speak against whole Societies of Men ; as if so be there were any thing in them that should render them better then their former Lives or Natures . Humility becomes penitents , and no wicked Man is supposed to be penitent , that hath not that ; but these carry it with that Insolency , as if they were not concern'd themselves , when God knows the best of them discover what they do ; by being but parties themselves . [ Mr. Justice ▪ Raymond return'd from the Court of Common Pleas. L. C. J. I will tell you what my Brethrens Opinions are , he hath put it to them on both Accounts , That he was convicted of Felony and Burnt in the Hand for it , that he was outlawed for Felony , and hath a General Pardon . They say they are of Opinion , That a General Pardon would not restore him to be a Witness after an Outlawry for Felony , because of the Interest that the Kings Subjects have in him . But they say further , That where a Man comes to be Burnt in the hand , there they look upon that as a kind of more General Discharge , then the Pardon alone would amount to , if he had not been burnt in the hand . They say , If he had been Convicted of Felony , and not Burnt in the hand , the Pardon would not have set him upright , but being Convicted and Burnt in the hand , they suppose he is a Witness . Sir F. W. Swear Mr. Dangerfield . L. C. J. The very Attainder is taken away , and so all is gone . Att. General , Come Mr. Dangerfield are you Sworn ? Mr. Dangerfield , Yes , Sir. Att. General , Pray tell what you know of my Lord Castlemain . L. C. J. I perceive my Brethrens Opinion is , That if a Man were convicted of Perjury , if there be no Burning in the Hand in the Case , that a Pardon could not set him upright , because of the Interest of the People in the King. Att. General , Come , Mr. Dangerfield , are you sworn ? Mr. Dangerfield , Yes , Sir. Att. General , Then pray say what you know of my Lord Castlemain . Mr. Dangerfield , About this time Twelve Month , my Lady Powis sent me with a Letter for the Prisoner at the Bar , my Lord Castlemain . L. C. J. Don't you know him ? Mr. Dangerfield , Yes , my Lord , this is the Person . And , my Lord , the Contents of that Letter I know not : but his Lordship made me stay till he wrote an Answer , and the Contents of the Answer , my Lord , were to this effect : For I return'd with the Answer , to the Lady Powis , and she opened and read it while I was present . L. C. J. Aloud ? Mr. Dangerfield , Aloud , my Lord. L. C. J. To you . Mr. Dangerfield , To me . L. C. J. Who was there ? Mr. Dangerfield , Mrs. Cellier was there besides . And the Contents of this Letter were , This Person I like well , and though he be no Scholar , he will serve to Instruct the Youths as he shall be directed . By the Youths were meant the St. Omers Witnesses . L. C. J. How do you know ? Mr. Dangerfield , Because I know my Lord was employed for that purpose . I know his Lordship did use to Instruct the Youths ; and it was a common saying among them , when one of them was out of his part , they used to say , I must go to my Lord Castlemain . L. C. J. What part ? Mr. Dangerfield , That which they were to say , and one of them did say , I am out of my Lesson , I must go to my Lord Castlemain . L. C. J. When did he say so ? Mr. Dangerfield , Before the Tryal , my Lord , and my Lord Castlemain went along with them to the Tryal , and his Lordship complained of some ill usage that the Witnesses received there . His Lordship was one of the Persons that imployed me to get Lane out of the Gate-house , my Lord , and his Lordship sent me to a Sollicitor of his , whose Name was Mr. Lawson ( the Person is now in Court ) to take an account how far he had proceeded in this Affair . I did take an Account , and I proceeded in it afterwards and got him discharged . L. C. J. How came you into my Lords acquaintance ? Mr. Dangerfield , That was the first time , when my Lady Powis sent me with that Letter , my Lord. A pretty while after this , in the Month of July , I went to wait upon his Lordship at his House in Charing-Cross , the same place where I found his Lordship before ; and I was to take his Advice a bout some Letters that came from one Nevil alias Paine . Those Letters and List of Names I shewed his Lordship , and he gave his Approbation of them , and desired good store of Copies might be writ : for it was of consequence and ought not to be neglected . And ask'd me , Are there working Persons employ'd in that business ? And said he , Encourage them , and I will pay my part . So my Lord , after there were a great number of Copies writ of these Letters , I writ a Letter to my Lord Castlemain , to let his Lordship know that the People had finish'd their work , and that there was something more to be done as a Gratuity ; and then his Lordship in Answer to this Messenger ( who is here also in Court ) with a Letter his Lordship sent Forty Shillings for his part . And Mrs. Cellier told me she received Forty Shillings and disposed of it to the use intended ; now , my Lord , the Contents of these Letters were to the same effect with those Letters and loose Papers which I conveyed into Collonel Mansell's Chamber ; and these all tended to the promoting the Sham-plot , my Lord. L. C. J. Pray tell me what was the Subject of these Letters ; what was the substance of them ? Mr. Dangerfield , To the promoting the Sham-plot . my Lord. L. C. J. That is a General no Body knows what to make of . Mr. Dangerfield , I will give your Lordship an Account in particular : The contents of many of them were to this purpose . L. C. J. Were they not all alike ? Mr. Dangerfield , The Copies were the same , and there were so many Originals to draw Copies from . L. C. J. Were not the Originals all to the same purpose ? Mr. Dangerfield , Agreeable in Point of sense . L. C. J. Pray tell us the purpose of them ? Mr. Dangerfield , The purpose was , That so many Letters should be conveyed into the Houses of several Persons of Quality in this Kingdom , that were called Presbyterians : for that was the Notion , that all Persons , that were not for the immediate promoting of the Catholick Interest , lay under ; because they looked upon that Notion to be most obnoxious . L. C. J. Who and where ? Mr. Dangerfield , In general , my Lord. L. C. J. In general , where ? Mr. Dangerfield , By my Lady Powis and the Lords in the Tower. L. C. J. Were you by when the Lords in the Tower did agree to it ? Mr. Dangerfield , When my Lord Peter and my Lord Arundel did . L. C. J. What did they agree to ? Mr. Dangerfield , My Lord the thing is this , after they received an Account from one Mr. Paine , I brought a Billet from that Paine ; wherein was contain'd a Ground or Scheme of the Presbyterian Plot ; so from thence it derived its First Name , my Lord : so that when I came to Discourse with the Lords in the Tower about it , they called it the Presbyterian Plot ; and Mrs. Cellier and the Lady Powis said , This is a Notion that will do the business , as it is most obnoxious , and as best to our purpose . J. Jones , How far was my Lord Castlemain concern'd in this ? Mr. Dangerfield , I have not heard his Lordship speak of it under that Notion . L. C. J. Pray let us hear what you can say against my Lord Castlemain . Mr. Dangerfield , Now , my Lord , some considerable time after I had gotten Lane out of Prison , I was imployed by several other persons , his Lordship was one , and he sent me to his Lordships Sollicitor , that is now in Court. A pretty while after this , and the Letters and Lists of Names , containing matter to the same effect as I told you before , as those in Mansell's Chamber , and all tending to the Credit of the Sham Plot , or the Presbyterian Plot. Now , my Lord , a pretty while after this , in August , as near as I can remember ; about the middle of August , I went to wait upon his Lordship , the very next day after I had been treated withal in the Tower to kill the King , whom God preserve , my Lord ; and his Lordship had a Servant then in the Room , and he sent his Servant down Stairs , and looked upon me with a very Austere Countenance : Said he , Why would you offer to refuse the business for which you were taken out of Prison ? L. C. J. To you ? Mr. Dangerfield , To me , my Lord. L. C. J. Who was by ? Mr. Dangerfield , No body , but his Lordship and my self ; for he sent his Servant out before : So he asked me , Why I would offer to refuse the business I was taken out of Prison for ? I asked his Lordship , What that was ? Said he , Was not you at the Tower yesterday ? Yes , my Lord , I was . Would your Lordship have me Kill the King , I suppose that 's the business . Yes , that is , said he Upon which my Lord fell into such a fury , that I was fore'd rudely to leave the Room , and went down Stairs . I think at the same time his Lordship was writing the Compendium of the late Plot ; for there I saw some words in a Paragraph that lay upon the Table , which I afterwards saw in that Book . There was Ink set upon the Table , and open in his Lordships hand . And his Lordship did use in his Discourse to call his Majesty Tyrant . L. C. J. Have you heard him ? In what company ? Mr. Dangerfield , In his familiar Discourse . As to ask when his Majesty will return from Windsor ? Says he , When the Tyrant pleases . And I remember I heard his Lordship mention the word Tyrant to Mrs. Cellier at Powis-house . Att. General , How came that Discourse about Killing the King ? What was the occasion of that Discourse ? L. C. J. Had you refused it to my Lord ? Mr. Dangerfield , Yes , my Lord , I refused . L. C. J. What did you say to him ? Mr. Dangerfield , I said any body but my King , my Lord. L. C. J. He said , Why did you refuse to do that for which you were taken out of Prison ? What is that my Lord ? Was not you at the Tower yesterday ? Why won't you do it ? What is it , my ●ord ? Is it to Kill the King ? I suppose that it is , saith he , That your Lordship intends . Yes says he , That is it , why won't you do it ? That is what he says . Att. General , That is the Evidence we give . J. Jones , You say he was very violent . L. C. J. Was you ever in his company afterwards . Mr. Dangerfield , No , not after that , my Lord , that I know of . L. C. J. What kind of fury did he shew to you at that time ? Mr. Dangerfield , My Lord , he was in a great rage , as his Lordship is very cholerick ; he was bustling about , and I knew not what he intended to do , and I was unwilling to stand the Test of his Anger . His Lordship seemed by his look to be meditating Revenge . L. C. J. How ? Mr. Dangerfield , I say this , After his Lordship had sent his Servant out of the Room , said he , Why would you offer to refuse the business for which you were taken out of Prison ? Said he , Were not you at the Tower yesterday ? Said I , Yes , my Lord , I was ; Would you have me kill the King ? Is that the business ? Yes , that it is , said my Lord very angrily . Prisoner , When did you go to the Tower ? Was this the next day after it ? Mr. Dangerfield , The next day after it . Prisoner , Mr. Dangerfield , Pray let me ask you one Question , Did not I threaten to kill you , or have some of my Servants kill you , if you came unto me again ? Mr. Dangerfield , One time his Lordship saw me at my Lady Powis's house , and he shewed me a very particular Favour . I speak it in the presence of Almighty God , nothing out of revenge , nor for any sort of Interest . Prisoner , Was I never angry with you but at that time ? Mr. Dangerfield , No , my Lord , I know not or any other time that your Lordship was angry . L. C. J. Now what say you , my Lord ? Prisoner , The First thing I desire to do , is , here are two Gentlemen gives in Evidence against me , the one is Mr. Oates , the other Mr. Dangerfield . Mr. Oates says , That he in Spain did see several Letters from me : That when he came over into England , he brought a Letter from Spain to me , that that Letter was given to the Provincial , and the Provincial ( he supposes ) gave it me . Now , my Lord , I only desire this , that the first thing that shall be done , is , that you will please to call Mr. Parker , who will shew you what a kind of Man Mr. Oates is . And I am glad , since you say that Mr. Dangerfield is a good Witness , that I can prove that every word he says is a lie . And so begin with Mr. Oates , Prisoner , My Lord , I would offer you a Record , a Record of some particular Actions from Hastings . L. C. J. Read the Record . [ The Record Read. L. C. J. What use can you make of this ? Prisoner , My Lord , the case is only this , My Lord , I will tell you , here is Mr. Oates , this is only to shew what kind of Man this Mr. Oates is . Mr. Oates he comes and accuses a Man at Hastings for Buggery , there he is Indicted and comes to his Tryal , and then he is found Innocent : Now , my Lord , I sent for this Mr. Parker , to tell your Lordship what kind of man this Mr. Oates was , and for that purpose shew the whole proceeding . L. C. J. My Lord , you shall have all the Justice in the World ; but we must have right done to the Kings Evidence . You have brought in a thing , whereby all you can make against Mr. Oates is this , That he was the Prosecutor of a Man for the Crime of Buggery , and is supposed to have taken his Oath there , and notwithstanding the Jury would not believe him , and found the Man not Guilty . Prisoner , My Lord , I come to shew you the motives how the Jury came to clear him , that is , by proving this man was in another place at that time , and satisfied the Court and Jury , that he was from Eleven a Clock or sooner , till Eight or Ten a Clock with them in Company ; where it was only the malice that was between Oates and Parker . And several Witnesses that were in the place where he said the Buggery was committed , said that he was not there , and they Witnesses positively said they were with him , and all looked upon Mr. Oates as a detestable man , and sent him out of the Court. L. C. J. Do you prove this by any but Parker ? J. Raymond , This ought not to be admitted ; for if it be , Mr. Oates stands here to answer all the Faults that ever he committed . L. C. J. Here is the Case , Supposing it be true now , that Mr. Oates , prosecuted a man for Felony , and he gave Testimony , supposing it should be so , and yet the Jury acquitted him ; What use can you make of it ? You can make no Inference ; it is a thing we must allow all the Juries in England : For there is Witness generally given on both sides , and when there are for the Plantiff , the Defendants Evidence are all Perjured , and when for the Defendant the Plaintiffs Evidence are Perjured . Prisoner , My Lord , this is the Inference . Thus much I make of it , that this Parker is Innocent . Oates swears positively he did so , the other swears positively this man was not there , to shew the Malice Oates had against him . L. C. J. My Lord , you can go no further than you have gone . The result of all is , that the Jury found him not Guilty : For what grounds no man can come to say , but the Jury men themselves . No man can tell what prevailed with the Jury to find him not Guilty , that is in their own Consciences , and these are things that cannot be Examined . His Jury , notwithstanding Mr. Oates was the only Prosecutor , they found him not Guilty , and it amounts to nothing . Prisoner , My Lord , there is another thing , while this man was in Prison , what does Oates do , but comes here to London , accuses the Father , who was a considerable man in the Town , a Justice of the Peace , and Mayor the year before ; accuses him because he should not assist his Son , accuses him before the King of speaking scandalous words . Then he gets him by a Messenger brought up before the Council , the King was present at the hearing , and there it was proved to the King , as the order of Council shews , that he was an honest man , and so the Council sent Oates away with the greatest contempt , and freed the other man. L. C. J. Was this before the Plot was discovered ? Prisoner , Yes , my Lord , in pursuance of it . L. C. J. You said it was that he should not help his Son , his Son was not free . Prisoner , No , he was in Prison , my Lord. Recorder , My Lord , may think hard if he hath not some competent liberty ; but he must keep to the business . You say , that notwithstanding he hath the Opinion of the Court , that the Jury must take notice , then the Jury must take notice it signifies nothing . Prisoner , Very well . Having told you this , I desire you would be pleased to take notice , after Oates was thus forced to run away from Hastings , here it seems he was converted to be a Papist , by a Person whom Mr. Oates hath since converted to be a Protestant ; and you shall see what an Account this Gentleman will give of him . L. C. J. What is his Name ? Prisoner , Hutchinson . L. C. J. What will you do against him ? Prisoner , Several things , my Lord. L. C. J. You must not do it . If you are able to disprove Mr. Oates , in any of these particulars , you may do it . If you alledg Testimony against the particular matter he hath sworn , you will do very well ; but pray , my Lord , keep to that . Prisoner , I will , my Lord. I will submit any thing to your Lordships Commands , and therefore , my Lord , I will tell you for what reason I sent for this man , to tell you how Mr. Oates went to Spain , and how he lived in Spain . L. C. J. If you can shew the Jury any reason why they should not believe his Evidence , that will be very proper . L. C. J. What is your Name ? Hutchinson , My name is Hutchinson . Prisoner , Mr. Hutchinson , pray say what you have to say , and not follow Mr. Oates's method , I only ask you this Question , Sir , Whether you did convert this man , that is , reconcile him to the Church of Rome ? Hutchinson , Yes , my Lord , that I did . L. C. J. You ought not to ask him such Questions ; you bring him in danger of his life ; you are not to ask him such Questions . Recorder , Let us see the Statute Book . Clerk of the Crown , It is High Treason . L. C. J. You thought this had been meritorious now , and it is High Treason . Recorder , This it is to abound in a mans own sense . We must beg your Lordships Advice in this . L. C. J. Are you a Protestant now ? Hutchinson , Yes , my Lord. Prisoner , He was a Priest , and confesses his Error . L. C. J. Did you know Oates first in Spain ? Hutchinson , No , my Lord , I knew him first here , and we were in company , and I told him , He could not be a true Priest , since he was of the Church of England . Att. Gen. He offers such things as are not Evidence . L. C. J. Pray what do you know of his Imployment in Spain ? Hutchinson , I received Letters from him when he was in Spain . He went over to study Philosophy and Divinity there , and I saw his recommendations to the Rector of Liege . L. C. J. Did you see him ? Hutchinson , Yes , my Lord , I did see him before he made this disturbance . L. C. J. What disturbance ? Do you know ? What Discourse had you with him ? Hutchinson , I employed him in writing for me . L. C. J. Writing what ? Hutchinson , In writing certain things against the Corruption of the Church of Rome . He had Ten Shillings I gave him , and this was before the Discovery he made ( as he pretends ) of the Plot. And he told me he would suffer no more for Conscience sake . It is an hard thing , said he , Mr. Berry , for a man to want Bread. Upon which I gave him Ten Shillings . L. C. J. He says , having been formerly with Mr. Oates , he imployed him to transcribe many things for him , and Mr. Oates said to him , he was resolved no more to suffer for Conscience sake . How , saith he , not so . Oh but Mr. Berry , said he , it is a very sad thing to want Bread. And upon that , he says , he gave him Ten Shillings for his pains in writing . Hutchinson , And hereupon , my Lord , in May was Twelve-month , he sent for me , when I heard he had done some more mischief ▪ and I went to him , my Lord. L. C. J. That was after the Discovery ? Hutchinson , Yes , my Lord , upon that he was very kind to me , and gave me Twenty Shillings . Said he , Mr. Berry , you have been civil to me , and you shall never want any thing , so long as I have it . Said I , Mr. Oates , are these things true , that you swear against the Jesuits ? Said he , as I hope for salvation they are : And that was the truest word he spake these three years . Then said I , Mr. Oates , answer me this only one thing , There are an Hundred and twenty Persons that saw you every day , and dined and supp'd with you at St. Omers , and these you have recommended to me for Vertuous People , and I know them to be so . He said , They are Outlawed men . L. C. J. What did Mr. Oates say more ? Hutchinson , He was with me frequently , my Lord. Recorder , He paid you your Angel well when he gave you Twenty Shillings . Hutchinson , Mr. Oates , Speak the truth , there is a God in Heaven . Dr. Oates , Shall I be allowed to satisfie the Court as to this Evidence ? I will give the Court a very good account . L. C. J. The substance is this , That you were poor . Is it true that he gave you Ten Shillings ? Dr. Oates , My Lord , I believe I might not have much money among them . L. C. J. And you said , You would suffer no more for Conscience sake ? Dr. Oates , That is not so , my Lord. L. C. J. And , That it is an hard thing to want Bread ? Dr. Oates , My Lord , I never wanted Bread. Hutchinson , But you said so to me , Mr. Oates . Att. Gen. Hark , Mr. Hutchinson — Dr. Oates , To shew the Invalidity of this Evidence , my Lord , the Bishop of London hath turn'd him out of his Living at Barkin . L. C. J. What is that ? Dr. Oates , To shew that he is not fit to be trusted . L. C. J. Why you have never a Living . Dr. Oates , Yes I have , my Lord. L. C. J. Where ? Dr. Oates , In Kent , my Lord. L. C. J. How long have you had it ? Dr. Oates , I was restored to it last Summer . Recorder , He says , That he had Discourse with him concerning his Priesthood , Whether Mr. Oates thought himself to be a good Priest , that is , as he was made by the Order of the Church of England ? Att. Gen. He says , He converted Mr. Oates to be a Papist . Dr. Oates , And I have a Charge of High Treason against that man , for seducing me from my Religion , my Lord. I will swear he turn'd me to the Church of Rome , and I desire it may be recorded . Dr. D. I have one thing to tell your Lordship , the man is mad , he is distracted . L. C. J. This Doctor of Divinity is a very honest man , he will tell you . Dr. D. He was my Curate at Barkin , and my Lord of London having some Information against the manner of his Preaching , sent me word to Rippon , he would provide me another Curate . On Saturday last , dining with him , my Lord told me he was distracted . Recorder , His Behaviour is a very concurrent Testimony . J. Raymond , I appeal to my Lord , if I did not tell him as he came into the Court , that he was a distracted man. L. C. J. Call another Witness . Prisoner , Here 's a Gentleman was his School-fellow at Vallodolid . I ask you Mr. Armstrong , Whether you knew any thing of Mr. Oates there ? L. C. J. How long had he been there ? Armstrong , He was Three months there before me . L. C. J. How long was he there in all ▪ Armstrong , A matter of a moneth . L. C. J. Was he not there Four months ? Armstrong , Yes , a matter of Four months in all . L. C. J. He says , He had been there Three months before he came , and a month after he came ; and that then he was but a common Scholar . Dr. Oates , My Lord , I will satisfie the Court when they question me ? L. C. J. In what would you satisfie us ? Dr. Oates , About being a Scholar . I was ready to commence when they came ; but being they were Strangers in the Town , not being Town Scholars , and not undertaking Philosophical Dictates , the Fathers did pray me to shew them the way to School ; and I went with them two or three times . L. C. J. Call another , my Lord. Prisoner , Mr. Palmer and Mr. Dorrington . L. C. J. Did you know Mr. Oates at St. Omers ? Palmer , Yes , my Lord , and he was an ordinary Scholar there , and dined and supp'd with us . L. C. J. You said he dined at another Table . Palmer , Yes , my Lord , he did dine at a Table by himself ; but it was at the same time . Dr. Oates , Had I Scholars Commons ? Pray my Lord ask them that . Palmer , He had the same Commons that we had ; but they had a respect for him as he was an ancienter man , and that was the reason that he had more freedom than the rest . Prisoner , My Lord , He says he came from St. Omers at the Consult , Pray Sir , who did you come along with ? Did you come with Hilsley ? Dr. Oates , Hilsley came with me in the Pacquet-boat . Prisoner , Call Mr. Hilsley and Osbourne — My Lord , this Gentleman . I would bring nothing to offend your Lordship , or nothing that hath been old , if it had not some new inference from it : Therefore , my Lord , this is the reason that I sent for Mr. Hilsley . Mr. Hilsley did you come with Mr. Oates in April in the Pacquet-boat ? Hilsley , No , my Lord. Prisoner , You left him at St. Omers . Hilsley , Yes , my Lord. Prisoner , Now , my Lord , I have several Witnesses to prove this . And pray , Mr. Osbourn , tell my Lord what he said to you . Osbourn , My Lord , about the latter end of April , I heard Mr. Hilsley was in Town , I went to see him , and one time at a Coffee-house about the Turnstile w● fell in Discourse . L. C. J. My Lord , you say you have two Persons of Quality . I will tell you my Lord what you shall expect , I will not be for one and not for t'other ; but be equal as near as I can . If he comes only to testifie what Hilsley told him , it signifies nothing . Prisoner , I do depend upon Hilsley , but this is that Hilsley told him , That there was one Oates at St. Omers . L. C. J. That is no Evidence , nor can Ladies of Quality prove by their own Experience what Mr. Hilsley affirms , That Oates came not over with him . Prisoner , My Lord , They can tell , and one Lady a Protestant , that talking with this Gentleman before the Plot — L. C. J. This is only Discourse what another man says . If Mr. Oates himself should have said so , then indeed it is proper ; but to shew you this , it is impossible , supposing they speak truth , that is , if they do witness what they do not , That long before they heard of the Name of Oates , this Gentlemau should tell them one Oates was left at St. Omers ; it signifies nothing . Prisoner , Does not that confirm Mr. Hilsley's testimony ? L. C. J. No , indeed . Prisoner , I only refer this to you , my Lord ; Hilsley says in April he did leave Oates , and here are four or five Witnesses that Hilsley told them so . J. Jones , All that my Lord says , is this , That he did leave Mr. Oates at St. Omers . If it be objected , They are Catholicks , as they call them , says my Lord , Hilsley did tell this Story before there was any Plot. Why should he tell them so ? It is not in favour of that Religion that he speaks ; but the time of testifying such a thing , shews he speaks true . This is all . Prisoner , This is the Inference , This is only to corroborate and shew you the credit of his testimony . J. Raymond , It may be a mistake though , and it is of no more force than what he says now . Att. Gen. They were all mistaken in that matter . Dr. Oates , My Lord , he did leave me at St. Omers , but I overtook him at Calais . L. C. J. Will you swear it Mr. Oates ? Dr. Oates , I say upon my Oath I did it . L. C. J. It were a great matter if you had any body to prove that this Gentleman came alone , but that is still but one mans testimony . Prisoner , But here is Confirmation to his Evidence , that he could not invent it . Att. Gen. You had Sixteen once , but the contrary was proved and believed , and so it may be again . Prisoner , Call Mr. Gregson and Rigby . Mr. Gregson were not you Landlord to Mr. Oates before the Plot was discovered ? How long before the Plot did he lie at your House ? L. C. J. What time ? Gregson , A Week before Easter 77. J. Raymond , When did he go away from you , Sir ? Gregson , The Sunday after Easter day . J. Raymond , When did you see him again ? Gregson , He came to me about All Saints . J. Raymond , The same year ? Gregson , Yes . Dr. Oates , Who paid for my Quarters ? Pray ask him that , my Lord. Gregson , He paid for it himself . Dr. Oates , Did not Mr. Fenwick pay for it ? Gregson , He did after you came from St. Omers . Dr. Oates , My Lord , when I came last from St. Omers , I went directly to his House . Prisoner , Was not he in a poor condition ? Gregson , He was then indifferently poor . Prisoner , My Lord , This is only to prove his condition . Dr. Oates , My Lord , I had only what the Jesuits allow'd me . L. C. J. You had nothing but what they allow'd you ? Dr. Oates , Nothing else , my Lord. J. Jones , They allow'd you a very scanty living . Prisoner , Call Mr. Littcott . Mr. Littcott , Do you know any thing about a Divorce ? L. C. J. What should he know ? Prisoner , Pray , my Lord , don't discourage me . J. Raymond , But you must not ask things that are not to the purpose . Littcott , My Lord , It was morally impossible there should be a Divorce . L. C. J. Was there any endeavour by my Lord concerning it ? Littcott , There was no such Design . L. C. J. How was that ? But pray mind , you will be morally not believed else : Do you know my Lord used any endeavours , in order to obtain a Divorce ? Recorder , That is all that he says , He never knew any thing . Prisoner , I only say this , my Lord , Mr. Oates comes here and says , That he heard me say , That I did spend a great deal of money . Now if I satisfie the Court that I never spent a Farthing towards a Divorce — L. C. J. If he had said , Your Lordship laid out Sums of money , then it had been an Answer to that , if you could prove you had not . Prisoner , You know I stand here accused for a great Crime , pray give me leave . J. Raymond , If it were a matter of moment we would . Prisoner , Pray , my Lord , hear me , here is a Man says , I spent a great deal of money about a Divorce ; I come to tell your Lordship , That this very man , before your Lordships , and also before the King ; and if your Lordships have forgot it , I will shew you Witnesses that he spake it before the King , and before the House of Commons ; that I did actually sue out a Divorce ▪ Now I will shew my Lord that I neither could nor did go about it . L. C. J. We are not to take notice of that now . If he did say a false thing before the House of Commons , we cannot take notice of it now : For we cannot go to try whether he said so , and whether that be true or false . Prisoner , I humbly begg my Lord , If this man that is upon his Oath hath sworn before the King , that he did actually see the Divorce , and I prove that it was impossithat he should see the Divorce , because it was impossible to get a Divorce — L. C. J. What then ? J. Raymond , You must not be permitted to prove that , it is not pertinent to the Question . Prisoner , My Lords , with humble submission to you , he hath told me this before your Lordships , that I spent a great deal of money about a Divorce . L. C. J. My Lord , You will be satisfied , when we have acquainted you what the ordinary Proceedings of a Court of Justice are in this Nature ; what is , and what is not to be admitted . If you should come to prove Mr. Oates had falsly sworn a thing in another Court , and five or six Witnesses shall come and say it is not true ; we are not to hearken to it . The reason is this , first you must have him perjured , and we are not now to try , Whether that thing sworn in another place be true or false ? Because that is the way to accuse whom you please ; and that may make a man a Liar , that cann't imagine this will be put to him : and so no mans testimony that comes to be a Witness , shall leave himself safe . And this is another Case , If he swore in another place what is contradictory to what he says now ; then it is proper . If you could prove that he had sworn in another place that he never saw you , it is very proper : but now to us he says , That he doth not remember whether ever he had seen a Divorce , or that you had sued out a Divorce . All that he remembers is , That you said , you had expended a great deal of money about a Divorce , and that is all he testifies here . Prisoner , My Lord , my Evidence against Mr. Oates is this , That he waves what he said before , when I came to ask him , and says , I don't remember . Now , my Lord , if he lies in one thing , he may in another . J. Raymond , No man can remember all the things that ever he did in his life . Prisoner , I have Witnesses to appeal to , to witness every thing ; and I represent it here to you , that I would with all my heart have Indicted him of Perjury , but for Mr. Atturney General : for I Imploy'd Two to Attend the Clerk of the Peace for Copies of the Indictments against Mr. Langborn and Mr. Ireland ; they did come to the Clerk of the Peace , saith the Clerk of the Peace , I can't do it without Mr. Atturney's Authority . My Lord , saith he , I would give them you with all my heart , but I must have leave from the Table . Att. General , No , my Lord , I told you , I would not give it you without you had an Order from the King , and the Council did not think fit to give it you . Prisoner , I think this is a little pertinent . J. Jones , How doth any thing that your Lordship excepts against in this Gentleman's Testimony contradict it self ? All that you accuse him of is , That Mr Oates had said he heard you say , you had spent a great deal of Money about a Divorce . Prisoner , I only shew , if you are pleased to hear it , that he reported to the King that he actually saw the Divorce . J. Jones , That agrees well enough with what he says now . Prisoner , He said so in your Lordships hearing . L. C. J. I don't remember it , If I did I would speak of it ; I don't remember it upon my word . J. Raymond , I protest I don't remember a word . J. Jones , In the Court did he say it ? J. Raymond , Here we are all three that were present , I protest I don't remember it ; but as to the business of the Divorce , I might look upon it as impertinent , and so possibly might not mind what he said . Prisoner , I only offer this to you , and if your Lordships command me to desist I will desist . Dr. Oates , I desire my Evidence to prove that I was in Town . J. Raymond , Pray , Mr. Oates , you are an Evidence , you must be govern'd by Mr. Atturney . L. C. J. It would be very fit , Mr. Atturney ▪ to prove that Mr. Oates did come over with Hilsley in the Pacquet Boat. J. Raymond , Mr. Oates , I remember very well gave an Account of his coming over , said he , I did come over with such and such persons , and among the rest was Mr. Hilsley . This is only to prove that he was at the Consult . Att. Gen. We can prove it . [ Records produced against Mr. Dangerfield . L. C. J. Here is , That he was burnt in the hand , and Outlawed for Felony , Pilloryed for Cheating , Twice Pilloryed , and see whether he was Whipt or no. Sir F. W. I know nothing of the Pillory . J. Raymond , Here was a Record of being burnt in the hand , and a Record for putting away false Guinneys . L. C. J. For that he was to stand in the Pillory . Clerk of the Crown , Here is one Record for another Shilling gilt . L. C. J. Was that in the Pillory too ? Att. Gen. He was fined Fifty Pounds . Clerk of the Crown , Here are Three in Salisbury for Three several Guinneys , and he was Adjudged to the Pillory for them all . Att. Gen. It was all at one Assizes , my Lord. L. C. J. My Brother Tryed him . Clerk of the Crown , He was Tryed before Mr. Justice Jones , and to stand in the Pillory for all three . L. C. J. What have you else to say ? Prisoner , Call Mrs. Cellier and Mr. Dowdal . L. C. J. What is your Name , Sir ? Dowdal , My Name is Bennet Dowdal . L. C. J. What have you to say to him , my Lord ? Prisoner , Mr. Dowdal the case is this , Mr. Dangerfield tells me . I was angry with him at such a time for a business at my house ; was I not angry with him at Powis house for going to the Lords in the Tower ? Att. General , Then he did go about it ? Dowdal , Mrs. Cellier spake to me to speak to Mr. Dangerfield not to be troubled at your anger . J. Raymond , When was this ? Dowdal , After the Jesuites died . Prisoner , He proves this , That Mrs. Cellier spake to him to pacify Mr. Dangerfield , and Dangerfield did tell him I was angry with him for going in my Name to the Lords . J. Raymond , He says no such thing , my Lord. L. C. J. You must not ask him what Mrs. Cellier said . Mrs. Cellier , This day Twelve Month he and I had been employed in writing Copies of some Letters , and I sent him to my Lord to know if he would go something towards the Printing them , and he went from him to the Lords in the Tower. In an hour and half after , my Lord came to me very angry : Mrs. Cellier , said he , I thought you would not forfeit your discretion to send such a Rascal to me ; if you send him to me again I will bid my Servants kick him . And , said I , to Mr. Dangerfield , you are not to note that ; for he is a very good Man , and may be angry one time and pleased another ; and I would have sent him another time , and said he , Pray Madam , don't send me thither , I would rather go an hundred miles of your Errand . L. C. J. Dangerfield , that Discourse you had with my Lord , was it before the Jesuits dyed or after ? Mr. Dangerfield , What Discourse ? L. C. J. When you discours'd about killing the King. Mr. Dangerfield , No , my Lord , Two months after . L. C. J. When was the time that these words were spoken ? Mr. Dangerfield , When his Lordship was in that Passion . L. C. J. When was that ? Mr. Dangerfield , My Lord , it was about the middle of August . L. C. J. Was you ever in his Company after ? Mr. Dangerfield , No my Lord , I saw him once at Powis House . L. C. J. Had he ever been angry before ? Mr. Dangerfield , No not till this time , my Lord. L. C. J. Here Mrs. Cellier witnesses that this day twelve month , my Lord was extreamly angry , insomuch that when she would have had you go on an Errand you would not . Mr. Dangerfield , My Lord , that time I had been with my Lord Castlemain , I went home to Mrs. Celliers house , which I did then call my home , and said I , My Lord Castlemain is most violently angry with me . L. C. J. When was this ? Mr. Dangerfield , This was the latter end of August . L. C. J. But she talks of this time Twelve-month . Mr. Dangerfield , It is no such thing my Lord. Mrs. Cellier , I said , Pray carry this Letter to my Lord Castlemain : Pray excuse me , said he , I had rather go an hundred Miles than go by his door . L. C. J. Whereas Dangerfield says , He had this Discourse in August , Mrs. Cellier says in June or July , this day twelve-month particularly she gave him a Letter , and he said , Pray excuse me , I would go an Hundred Miles for you ; but I would not go into my Lords Company again if I could help it . Prisoner , My Lord , Mr. Dowdal can tell it . L. C. J. Did he acknowledg to you my Lords anger in the beginning of July ? Dowdal , It was within a week after the Jesuits died . L. C. J. I don't know that . Dowdal , It was about the Twenty first of June . L. C. J. Here are two Witnesses , one saies in June or the beginning of July ; says Mrs. Cellier , this day twelve-month , he came and told me my Lord was extreamly angry with him . And she would afterwards have had him carried a Letter : But he said , Pray excuse me , I would go an hundred miles , but he would not go again to him if he could help it . And Dowdal says he told him about that time of my Lords anger with him . Att. Gen. Hold your tongue , Mr. Dangerfield . J. Raymond , What Jesuits ? Dowdal , The five Jesuits . Prisoner , If you please , my Lords , I would only tell you this . My Lords , you see that these two Witnesses testify , that I was angry with Mr. Dangerfield , in June , My Lords , I only say this to you , that when I was Examined at the Council before the King of this Particular , my Lord Chancellour asked him the Particulars of it , and he did confess this thing which I now prove . Now my Lords , I inferr this , if I was so angry with him for offering to go to the Tower when he went to the Tower in my Name — L. C. J. That they have said , that you were very angry . Dowdal , Dangerfield told me so , that he was angry about his going to the Tower in my Lords Name unknown to him . L. C. J. Here are two Witnesses to prove , that my Lord was angry with him for going to the Tower in his name , and they both testify he was extreamly high and refused to carry a Letter to my Lord ; and yet he says in August following he had this Discourse . Prisoner , I have now only one thing to say , what hath past between Mr. Oates and Mr. Dangerfield . L. C. J. Do it as near as you can . Sir F. W. We have some other Evidence to answer this . Att. Gen. If your Lordship please , we will call two or three Witnesses to Prove the Point . First to prove this last thing , that we have been in my Lords company later than my Lord speaks of . L. C. J. He says August . Att. Gen. We will prove after that time , that is the time that pinches us . Prisoner , My Lady Powis is in Court , will you hear her ? Lady Powis , My Lord , I never did send a Letter by Mr. Dangerfield to any body in my life , nor I never read a Letter in Mr. Dangerfields presence , nor never had him so much in my company to read a Letter or any tittle to him . L. C. J. I will tell you Gentlemen , what he says , Mr. Dangerfield swears he carried a Letter from my Lady Powis to my Lord Castlemain , and there was an answer brought back , and that , that answer of my Lord Castlemains was read before him , and ( you will do well to call Mrs. Cellier in again ) my Lady Powis doth deny that she ever sent a Letter by him to my Lord Castlemain , or any body else , by him in her life ; or that she ever communicated any Letter to him : This is apt Evidence , this is the truth of it ; for it answers directly to what he says against my Lord Castlemain . [ Sir Richard Barker . L. C. J. What say you , Sir Richard Barker , can you give any account of Oates ? When was Mr. Oates in Town ? What time that you know of ? Sir R. B. My Lord , I remember we were once upon this before your Lordship . L. C. J. In 78 ? Sir R. B. Yes my Lord , the Evidence that I gave , my Lord , was only this , that my servants told me that Mr. Oates had been at my house : It was before Whitsontide , in May 78 L. C. J. Did you see him then ? When was it you saw him ? Sir R. B. My Lord , I saw him after . L. C. J. How long after ? Sir R. B. My Lord , it was about the latter end of June . L. C. J. He says to his own knowledg he saw him in June . Att. Gen. But we have his servants here too , Phillip Page , and Cecily Mayo . L. C. J. Do you hear , Mrs Cellier , was there any Letter sent by my Lord Castlemain to my Lady Powis , that was read before you and Dangerfieild ? Mrs. Cellier , No my Lord. L. C. J. Here are two witnesses , my Lady says there is no such thing , and Mrs. Cellier says it . Prisoner , There is another thing , that is , The teaching the Scholars at St. Omers , that I taught the Scholars their Lessons . — Turner . Sollic . Gen. Pray inform my Lord and the Jury , what time it was you saw Mr. Dangerfield at my Lord Castlemains . L. C. J. What Month can you charge your self to say , you saw Dangerfield in my Lord Castlemains company . Turner , I can't say just the time . L. C. J. Might it be August ? Turner , I can't well tell , I think it might be about July . J. Raymond , Why do you think so ? L. C. J. You are not asked to accuse your self in any thing , but when you saw them together . Turner , I was coming down stairs , my Lord. J. Raymond , You don't tell when it was . L. C. J. Tell us whether you can tell or no : If you are doubtful , say you are doubtful ; but speak the truth . Turner , I can't be positive . L. C. J. It might be in June , or July , or August , but you think July ? Turner , Yes , Sir. Sir F. W. The sooner it is after that the Evidence is , the better against it . Att. Gen. Madam , I think your Ladiship says you never sent a Letter by Dangerfield ? Lady Powis , Yes , Sir. Att. Gen , Nor did you never receive any Notes from him ? Lady Powis , I have received some Notes from Mrs. Cellier , which were his Writing . L. C. J. But did you ever receive a Letter from my Lord Castlemain ? Lady Powis , Never , my Lord. — Woodman . J. Raymond , What do you say , Mr. Atturney ? Att. Gen , Heark you , Woodman , were you sent with any Letter ? Woodman , To whom ? Att. General , To my Lord Castlemain , or any body ? Woodman , I was sent with one Letter , it was Mrs. Celliers , my Lord. L. C. J. To whom ? Woodman , To my Lord Castlemain ; as I remember , my Lord , I took it from Mrs. Celliers Daughter . Att. Gen. Did you ever receive any money of my Lord Castlemain ? Woodman , Yes , my Lord. L. C. J. What was it ? How much was it ? Woodman , About Three Pounds or Thirty Shillings , I believe . L. C. J. How do you believe it ? Woodman , To the best of my thoughts it was . Att. Gen. Was it for Dangerfield ? Woodman , My Lord I don't know that . L. C. J. Have you any more ? Solic . Gen. My Lord I have this to say to prove Dr. Oates was in London in April 78. L. C. J. He doth not deny but he might be here too . Prisoner , I don't dispute it , my Lord , I have only this one word more . It is not of Treason , but it is against my Reputation ; because this man , before your Lordship , I think hath accused me of it ; and I think , my Lord , I shall give you very good satisfction : that is , that the boys that came from St. Omers were not instructed and taught by me . Now if you please , my Lord , to give me leave to shew it , I have done . Look , my Lord , the thing that I can say , is this , Mr. Littcott . J. Raymond , You see he said it was morally impossible . Prisoner , Pray my Lords . J. Raymond , I will undertake you will say it is time lost . L. C. J. I would stay some time to observe to the Jury what I have taken notice of with all my heart , but I should be gone . Prisoner , I have done my Lord , I would not say any thing to disgust any body . L. C. J. Gentlemen of the Jury , I will deliver my Observations in this Cause as I would in any Cause , to the best of my Understanding , and will make those Observations that are as Natural as I know how to do ; and proper for you to take notice of . It is in vain to dispute what my Lord stands indicted of : It is for attempting to murder the King , and change our Government and our Religion . To prove this , there hath been Two Witnesses only that are material , and that is Mr. Oates in the first place , and Mr. Oates his Evidence , the Sum of it is to be reduced — L. C. J. Mr. Atturney , do you stand up to speak any thing ? Att. Gen. If your Lordship pleases , we will Sum up the Evidence for the King , not to offend your Lordship . L. C. J. If you would be short , Mr. Atturney , we would not hinder you of any thing . Att. Gen. I 'll be very short . If it please your Lordship , and you Gentlemen of the Jury , My Lord Castlemain is here charged with High Treason . The proof that we have against him is by two Witnesses , that is , Dr. Oates and Mr. Dangerfield . Mr. Oates he doth swear this , namely , That after the Consult ( for I will bring it in short ) that after the Consult that was for killing the King and altering the Government , my Lord Castlemain being acquainted with it at Mr. Fenwick's Chamber , did hope it good success , and that he should come to be reveng'd . Mr. Dangerfield he hath proved , That being treated with to kill the King , and having refused to do it , my Lord Castlemain was very angry with him for it ; and said , Why wan't you do that for which you were taken out of Prison ? Here are two Witnesses express . What is said against Mr. Oates signifies nothing . As to Mr. Dangerfield there are some Exceptions , which we must confess to be true ; but he is a Witness , and my Lord , such matters are to be expected to be proved by such Witnesses : for if a man will discover Robberies , he must go to such persons as do such things ; and if Treasons , it must be among them that have been employed in such things . Though he were a dishonest man before , yet he may be honest now . He was never guilty of any Treason but as he was employed amongst them . There are some Witnesses brought to encounter him , and one is my Lady Powis , who , as he says , sent him with a Letter to my Lord Castlemain ; but she says she did never send a Letter by him : And others say he would never come at my Lord Castlemain after he was angry , which was in June . Now for that , Gentlemen , you do hear Turner say , That in July or August , for he can't tell which , he thinks it might be July , he saw Dangerfield at my Lord Castlemains ; so that that encounters that Evidence . L. C. J. If Mr. Atturney had not interrupted me , I would not have left out any thing of this nature ; for I would be certainly careful , where the Kings life lies at Stake . I would be sure to preserve my Sovereign above all things , and therefore no man ought to think that I should be partial in a Cause wherein our Religion and the Life of the King and the Government is in danger . But I must say on the other side , That there should be good competent Proofs of these things against those accused , because their Lives and Fortunes , and Honours , and a●l are at stake . And so , Gentlemen , we shall discharge our Consciences to the best of our understandings , and deal uprightly on both hands . For the Case it stands thus , It is truly observed by Mr. Atturney , That there are but two material Witnesses to the Charge of this Indictment , that is to say , Mr. Oates and Dangerfield . Mr. Oates his Testimony is in two things , the one close , the other is more remote . That more remote , is , That he had a Letter to send to my Lord Castlemain , which he gave to the Provincial to send it , and as he says , he saw a Letter subscribed Castlemain , and that afterwards by seeing him write a Superscription , he could recollect the Character so well , that he believed that to be his hand which he saw in Spain among the Jesuits , or the Fathers , as they call them there , to whom they communicated that Letter ; wherein he mentioned the general Design , that is , the bringing in Popery ; which is the bringing in the Catholick Religion , as they call it . That is more remote . He says there were Letters past between them , wherein my Lord approved of some things and disapproved of others , which related to the Design ; by which , says Mr. Oates , we meant the whole Matter and Transaction of Killing the King ; and that doth appear by that Letter he saw of my Lord Castlemains , for that annexes to Design the advancing the Catholick Religion . The first time he saw him , he did not know who he was , and there , at Wild house , he says , That my Lord Castlemain should drop out some words which were suspicious , and one thing as if he understood something of this matter that they had then in agitation . But more particularly , he says , That when he came to Fenwick's Chamber , there was the great matter . They talk ▪ d before but of the Design in general , at Wlld house ; but afterwards meeting in Lincolns-Inn Fields , where he was told who he was , they went to Fenwick's Chamber , where they fell a discoursing about several things that related to the Concern , and at last they tell upon the matter in hand , and said , They were glad to see the Fathers so unanimous in this ma●ter . I asked about what matter ? He said , The Killing of the King and bringing in Popery : To which he says , That my Lord should make Answer , He wished them good success in their Design , and that then he should be revenged . This is the substance of what Mr. Oates says : Against whose Testimony , I must tell you there hath been but little . There is but little thrown upon Mr. Oates by way of disgrace and infamy . For that Verdict that the Jury sound against his Evidence , it is not material ; for then every man must be accused , when the Jury does not go according to the testimony he gives . It is not to be denied , but there is something said against him in another particular , and that is his coming over from St. Om●rs , where he says that Mr. Hilsley came over with him in the Pacquet Boat , but Mr. Hilsl●y denies it . Mr. Oates would have salved it , by saying he left him at St. Omers . 'T is true , says Mr. Oates , but I overtook him afterwards : but he says to the point , that he came not with him . Now it is not denied on the other hand , but Mr. Oates might be here , and my Lord of Castlemaine seems to admit it , and it is probable enough Mr. Oates might be here . This is all I remember in reference to Mr. Oates . You must weigh well with your selves how probable or not probable , what he does swear is . But I must tell the Jury they are to weigh the natures of people among themselves , as they carry probability or not , or else the confidence of a Swearer shall take away any man's life whatsoever . And to that that Mr. Oates says first , I understand not how he should be so free , Mr. Oates being a Stranger to him , when he knew not my Lord , and doth not know whether my Lord knew him or no. But he says , my Lord must needs see the Jesuits trusted him , and that might make him more confident : That afterwards going to Fenwick's House , he spake broader ; in plain English . They were talking of a Design to kill the King and bring in the Catholick Religion , and Mr. Oates says , he wished them good success in the Design , and that then he should be revenged . How far this Oath is to be taken or not , I must leave to your Consideration . The next is Mr. Dangerfield , for nothing infamous is proved against Mr. Oates . Dangerfield is a man of whom there is enough . You see what Crimes there are , for it is the Duty of every Judge , and I can't see how he can discharge his Conscience , and the Duty he ows to the Government , in respect of his Oath and Place , if he doth not make those just Observations to the Jury which are done in all Cases : That is to say , when men have contracted great Crimes upon themselves , though by Law they may be Witnesses ; yet it hath always been observed , and their Credit left to them to consider of . You see how many Crimes they have produced , a matter of six great enormous Crimes ; and by them you will see how far you ought to consider his testimony . Had Mr. Dangerfield been guilty only of being concern'd in the Treason , and come in as a Witness , I should have thought him a very competent Witness ; for that is Mr. Oates his Case : but they prove Crimes of another sort and nature , and whether the man of a sudden be become a Saint , by being become a Witness , I leave that to you to consider ; and how far you are satisfied in the main . The next thing is the opposition to his Testimony . He hath sworn that he carried a Letter from my Lady Powis to my Lord Castlemain , and an Answer return'd Lack from my Lord to her , and that my Lady Powis did read it in the presence of Mrs. Cellier and him . Of this my Lady Powis hath been asked ( it is true they are not upon their Oaths , but that is not their fault , the Law will not allow it ) and my Lady Powis hath affirmed to it , as much as lay upon her to do , that she never sent a Letter by Mr. Dangerfield to my Lord Castlemaine , nor any Body else . And whereas he say's Mrs. Cellier was present , she says , she knows of no such Letter , nor was any read in her company ▪ And this is a contradicting his Evidence , supposing him to be a man otherwise untouch'd . And whereas Dangerfield says that in August he was with my Lord , and he said , How chance you would not do that thing for which you were brought out of Prison ? What ? would you have me kill the King ? Yes , saith he , that it is . And my Lord speaking very angrily and very roughly , made him think it time to with-draw out of his company , and never come into his company more ; and that this was the time of his anger , and no other time ; my Lord rather complementing him , as he would say , with friendly salutations . But they produce Witnesses against this . Says Mrs. Cellier , this day Twelve-month , and says t'other about a week after the Jesuits were executed , which was about the beginning of July , saith she , I would have you carry a Letter to my Lord Castlemain : Saith he , I would not do that , I would go an Hundred miles upon another Errand , but I would not go to him . Another Witness says , my Lord was mighty angry with him , and told him the cause , because he went in his Name to the Lords in the Tower. First , This contradicts what he said , as if there had been no anger before . The next is , That it is very improbable that my Lord should be angry with him so much , that my Lord should be very angry with him for going in his Name to the Tower , and afterwards for his refusing to kill the King ; when he said , Why did you not do that you came out of Prison for ? What , my Lord , to kill the King ? Yes , that . This is an Argument in opposition to his Testimony . The next is a Consideration for his Testimony , Turner-says in an swer to that , In July he takes it , but cann't charge himself , whether June , or July , or August ; but he himself thinks July ; that he saw him at the Lord Castlemain's House . And the Kings Council would gather from that , there could not be such an unwillingness to go before that time , it being after the time they speak of , that this man saw him there . Whether or no it was in June , or July , or August , is something uncertain . So that I have repeated as near as I can all that is substantial on either part , and I have according to the best of my understanding dealt fairly on both sides ; and observed to you what hath been sworn against my Lord , and what hath been said in contradiction to what they swear ; and what appears upon Record , as to Dangerfield . There is a great deal of difference between Mr. Oates his Testimony and Mr. Dangerfield's ; for you may believe one , when you may perchance not believe another . There are not those things cast upon Mr. Oates that are upon Mr. Dangerfield . Now I must tell you , though they have produced two , if you believe but one , I think ( if so be my Brethrens Opinions be otherwise , I would be very willingly contradicted in this matter ) if two Witnesses are produced , both speaking materially to the thing , the one is believed and the other not , Whether upon these two Witnesses the Jury can find a Person Guilty , or no ? I am of Opinion it is but one Witness , if you don't believe one ; and I am sure one is not sufficient to find one Guilty ; and therefore if so be you are of another Opinion , let us deal fairly and above-board ; that it may appear we deal rightly between the King and his Subjects , and so preserve men that are accused and not guilty . J. Jones , I think in the first place , my Lord hath very faithfully delivered the Evidence ; and I do think it necessary , in a Case of Treason , That there must be Two Witnesses believed by the Jury . J. Raymond , I never heard any man question it . If the Law says , There must be Two Witnesses produced , it says , They must be both believed . L. C. J. Now you have our Sense of it . [ The Jury went from the Bar and returned . ] Cler. of the Crown , Are you all agreed of your Verdict ? Jury , Yes . Clerk of the Crown , Who shall speak for you ? Jury , The Foreman . Clerk of the Crown , Roger Palmer Esq ; Earl of Castlemain in the Kingdom of Ireland , Hold up thy hand , look upon the Jury . Clerk of the Crown , Is Roger Palmer Esq ; Earl of Castlemain in the Kingdom of Ireland , Guilty of the High Treason whereof he stands Indicted , or not Guilty ? Jury , Not Guilty . Clerk of the Crown , This is your Verdict , You say he is not Guilty , so you say all ? Jury , Yes . FINIS .